FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Elcock, D Klemic, GA Taboas, AL AF Elcock, D Klemic, GA Taboas, AL TI Establishing remediation levels in response to a radiological dispersal event (or "'dirty bomb") SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The detonation of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) could produce significant social and economic damage, the extent of which would depend largely on how quickly and effectively cleanup levels were established and on public acceptance of those levels. This paper shows that current radiological cleanup laws and regulations, models for converting dose or risk goals to cleanup concentrations, and existing site-specific criteria were not designed specifically for RDD cleanups but, absent changes, would apply by default. The goals and approaches of these legal and methodological structures often conflict; using them in response to terrorism could undermine public confidence, cause delays, and produce unnecessary costs or unacceptable cleanups. RDD cleanups would involve immediate priorities not envisioned in the existing radiological cleanup framework, such as balancing radiation risks with the health, economic, and other societal impacts associated with access to the infrastructure necessary to sustain society (e.g., hospitals, bridges, utilities). To minimize the achievement of terrorism goals, the elements of an RDD cleanup response-including updating existing legal/regulatory structures to clarify federal authority, goals, and methods for developing RDD cleanup criteria-must be in place soon; given the complexity of the issues and the potential societal impact, this effort should be expedited. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20024 USA. US Dept Homeland Secur, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. US DOE, Chicago Operat Off, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Elcock, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, 955 Enfant Plaza SW,Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2505 EP 2512 DI 10.1021/es034894+ PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817PR UT WOS:000221189900013 PM 15180044 ER PT J AU Messina, P AF Messina, P TI Challenges of the LHC: the computing challenge SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Messina, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div Bldg 221,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 34 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2004-01769-5 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 818PO UT WOS:000221257200011 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Polini, A Raval, A Rurua, L Schneekloth, U Stoesslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Walsh, R Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Riveline, UKM Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Weber, A Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Kim, YK Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Helbich, M Liu, X Mellado, B Ning, Y Paganis, S Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hillert, S Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Polini, A Raval, A Rurua, L Schneekloth, U Stoesslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Bodmann, B Carli, T Holm, U Klimek, K Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Stonjek, S Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Vazquez, M Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Walsh, R Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Velthuis, JJ Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Kohno, T Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Gladilin, LK Hochman, D Riveline, UKM Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Savin, AA Smith, WH Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Search for QCD-instanton induced events in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; PERTURBATION-THEORY; HADRON-COLLISIONS; BARYON-NUMBER; CONSTRUCTION; SIMULATION; ENERGIES; DESIGN AB A search for QCD-instanton-induced events in deep inelastic ep scattering has been performed with the ZEUS detector at the HERA collider, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb(-1). A kinematic range defined by cuts on the photon virtuality, Q(2) > 120 GeV2, and on the Bjorken scaling variable, x > 10(-3), has been investigated. The QCD-instanton induced events were modelled by the Monte Carlo generator QCDINS. A background-independent, conservative 95% confidence level upper limit for the instanton cross section of 26 pb is obtained, to be compared with the theoretically expected value of 8.9 pb. C1 UCL, London, England. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. INFN, Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Univ Calabria, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Gesamthochschule Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Nara Womens Univ, Nara, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Lodz, Lodz, Poland. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. INFN, Rome, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936 NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2004-01735-3 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 820DX UT WOS:000221368300001 ER PT J AU Freitas, A von Manteuffel, A Zerwas, PM AF Freitas, A von Manteuffel, A Zerwas, PM TI Slepton production at e(+)e(-) and e(-)e(-) linear colliders SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; DETERMINING TAN-BETA; ONE-LOOP INTEGRALS; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; PAIR PRODUCTION; HIGGS SECTOR; HIGH-ENERGY; MASSES; AMPLITUDES AB High-precision analyses are presented for the production of scalar sleptons, selectrons and smuons in supersymmetric theories, at future e(+)e(-) and e(-)e(-) linear colliders. Threshold production can be exploited for measurements of the selectron and smuon masses, an essential ingredient for the reconstruction of the fundamental supersymmetric theory at high scales. The production of selectrons in the continuum will allow us to determine the Yukawa couplings in the selectron sector, scrutinizing the identity of the Yukawa and gauge couplings, which is a basic consequence of supersymmetry. The theoretical predictions are elaborated at the one-loop level in the continuum, while at threshold non-zero width effects and Sommerfeld rescattering corrections are included. The phenomenological analyses are performed for e(+)e(-) and e(-)e(-) linear colliders with energy up to about 1 TeV and with high integrated luminosity up to 1 ab(-1) to cover the individual slepton channels separately with high precision. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. DESY Theorie, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 101 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 487 EP 512 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2004-01744-2 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 828YH UT WOS:000222009200008 ER PT J AU Holl, A Redmer, R Ropke, G Reinholz, H AF Holl, A Redmer, R Ropke, G Reinholz, H TI X-ray Thomson scattering in warm dense matter SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID RELAXATION-TIME APPROXIMATION; LINDHARD DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; EQUATION-OF-STATE; 2-COMPONENT PLASMA; COUPLED PLASMAS; LASER; IONIZATION; CONDUCTIVITY AB The scattering of photons in plasmas is an important diagnostic tool. Especially, the region of warm dense matter can be probed by X-ray Thomson scattering. The scattering cross-section is related to the dynamic structure factor S(w,omega). We improve the standard treatment of the scattering on free electrons within the random phase approximation (RPA) by including collisions. The dielectric function is calculated in the Born-Mermin approximation. The inclusion of collisions modifies the dynamic structure factor significantly in the warm dense matter regime. We conclude that a theoretical description beyond the RPA is needed to derive reliable results for plasma parameters from X-ray Thomson scattering experiments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Univ Western Australia, Dept Phys, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. RP Holl, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hoell@phy.anl.gov; ronald.redmer@physik.uni-rostock.de; gerd.roepke@physik.uni-rostock.de; heidi@physics.uwa.edu.au RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 29 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2004-00059-5 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 817RB UT WOS:000221193500001 ER PT J AU Trines, RMGM Kamp, LPJ Schep, TJ Leemans, WP Esarey, EH Sluijter, FW AF Trines, RMGM Kamp, LPJ Schep, TJ Leemans, WP Esarey, EH Sluijter, FW TI Enhancement of high-energy electron generation through suppression of Raman backscattering SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-INTENSITY LASERS; PLASMA INTERACTIONS; ACCELERATION; SCATTERING; WAVES AB The effect of Raman backscattering (RBS) on high-energy electron generation in laser-plasma interaction has been investigated for laser intensities well above the wave breaking and electron trapping threshold. One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that suppression of RBS increases the high-energy electron yield in this regime. RBS-induced heating causes heavy beam loading and damping of the laser wake. Its suppression leads to higher wake amplitudes and higher particle energies. RBS suppression through direct stimulation of Raman forward scatter is demonstrated. The implications for high-energy electron production through laser-plasma interaction are discussed. C1 Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kamp, LPJ (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM L.P.J.Kamp@tue.nl OI Kamp, Leon/0000-0003-0626-3832 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 492 EP 498 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10020-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 843FV UT WOS:000223064800005 ER PT J AU Chernyak, V Chertkov, M Kolokolov, I Peleg, A AF Chernyak, V Chertkov, M Kolokolov, I Peleg, A TI Outage probability for soliton transmission SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION; RANDOMLY VARYING BIREFRINGENCE; OPTICAL-FIBERS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; AMPLIFIER NOISE; COMPENSATION AB We study the interplay between amplifier noise and birefringent disorder in the case of strongly nonlinear (soliton) type of transmission in optical fibers. Assuming both noise and disorder to be weak, we evaluate the probability distribution function (PDF) of the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) for the values of BER that are much larger than the typical (average) value. The PDF tail that describes probability of the system outage shows log-normal shape, strongly dependent on the fiber length. We also discuss a simple timing shift technique capable of the outage compensation. C1 Corning Inc, Corning, NY 14831 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. RP Chernyak, V (reprint author), Corning Inc, SP-DV-02-8, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Kolokolov, Igor/0000-0002-7961-8588 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-10233-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 843FV UT WOS:000223064800006 ER PT J AU Sturhahn, W L'abbe, C Toellner, TS AF Sturhahn, W L'abbe, C Toellner, TS TI Exo-interferometric phase determination in nuclear resonant scattering SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY INTERFEROMETER; TIME-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETRY AB The time-dependent phase change of X-rays after transmission through a sample has been determined experimentally. We used an X-ray interferometer with a reference sample containing sharp nuclear resonances to prepare a phase-controlled X-ray beam. A sample with similar resonances was placed in the beam but outside of the interferometer; hence our use of the term "exo-interferometric". We show that the phase change of the X-rays due to the sample can be uniquely determined from the time-dependent transmitted intensities. The energy response of the sample was reconstructed from the phase and the intensity data with a resolution of 23 neV. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sturhahn@anl.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-10235-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 843FV UT WOS:000223064800007 ER PT J AU Ares, S Sanchez, A Bishop, AR AF Ares, S Sanchez, A Bishop, AR TI Super-roughening as a disorder-dominated flat phase SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; SINE-GORDON; FLUX ARRAY; SUBSTRATE; MODELS; TRANSITION; SURFACES AB We study the phenomenon of super-roughening found on surfaces growing on disordered substrates. We consider a one-dimensional version of the problem for which the pure, ordered model exhibits a roughening phase transition. Extensive numerical simulations combined with analytical approximations indicate that super-roughening is a regime of asymptotically flat surfaces with non-trivial, rough short-scale features arising from the competition between surface tension and disorder. Based on this evidence and on previous simulations of the two-dimensional random sine-Gordon model (Sanchez et al., Phys. Rev. E, 62 (2000) 3219), we argue that this scenario is general and explains equally well the hitherto poorly understood two-dimensional case. C1 GISC, Madrid 28911, Spain. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Matemat, Madrid 28911, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ares, S (reprint author), GISC, Ave Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. RI Ares, Saul/B-4082-2008; Sanchez, Angel/A-9229-2008 OI Ares, Saul/0000-0001-6214-4083; Sanchez, Angel/0000-0003-1874-2881 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 66 IS 4 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10021-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 843FV UT WOS:000223064800014 ER PT J AU Nishimaru, K Eghbali, M Stefani, E Toro, L AF Nishimaru, K Eghbali, M Stefani, E Toro, L TI Function and clustered expression of MaxiK channels in cerebral myocytes remain intact with aging SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; smooth muscle; arterial myocytes; BK channels; cluster expression; brain ID DEPENDENT POTASSIUM CHANNELS; CA2+-ACTIVATED K+ CHANNELS; CORONARY SMOOTH-MUSCLE; LARGE-CONDUCTANCE; SUBUNIT; DECONVOLUTION; CA2+ AB The incidence of stroke increases significantly in the aging population where stroke related deaths boost at > 75 years and survivors are often permanently disabled. Aging is known to decrease cerebral blood flow likely due to an increase in arterial tone. Although MaxiK channels are key regulators of cerebral arterial tone their pattern of expression and function in cerebral blood vessels during aging is unknown. Using specific antibodies against the a-subunit of MaxiK channels and current recordings, we now demonstrate that in aging cerebral myocytes, MaxiK channels remain healthy. Furthermore, we show for the first time that in the vasculature, MaxiK channels are expressed in clusters. Clusters have an estimated radius of similar to200 nm in young rats (3-5 month old Fisher 344 rats) which remains normal in old (25-30 month rats) cerebral myocytes. Consistent with a healthy MaxiK channel expression in old cerebral arteries, MaxiK current density, kinetics and Ca2+ sensitivity were practically identical in young and old myocytes. Sensitivity to nanomolar concentrations of dehydrosoyasaponin-I that activates channels formed by alpha and beta subunits is also the same in young and old myocytes. These results demonstrate that MaxiK channels maintain normal expression during cerebral aging which is in sharp contrast to our previous finding of loss of expression in aging coronary arteries. It seems therefore, that cerebral myocytes have developed a protective anti-aging mechanism leading to the continued expression of MaxiK channels. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Mol Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Brain Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Mol Med, Dept Anesthesiol, BH-509A CHS,Box 957115, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ltoro@ucla.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54970, HL47382, HL71824] NR 21 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 EI 1873-6815 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 39 IS 5 BP 831 EP 839 DI 10.1016/j.exger.2004.01.011 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 823SM UT WOS:000221633400017 PM 15130678 ER PT J AU Abedi, M Greer, DA Colvin, GA Demers, DA Dooner, MS Harpel, JA Weier, HU Lambert, JF Quesenberry, PJ AF Abedi, M Greer, DA Colvin, GA Demers, DA Dooner, MS Harpel, JA Weier, HU Lambert, JF Quesenberry, PJ TI Robust conversion of marrow cells to skeletal muscle with formation of marrow-derived muscle cell colonies: A multifactorial process SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; BONE-MARROW; MICE; HEPATOCYTES; PROGRESSION; EXPRESSION; LUNG AB Objective. Murine marrow cells are capable of repopulating skeletal muscle fibers. A point of concern has been the "robustness" of such conversions. We have investigated the impact of type of cell delivery, muscle injury, nature of delivered cell, and stem cell mobilizations on marrow-to-muscle conversion. Methods. We transplanted green fluorescence protein (GFP)-transgenic marrow into irradiated C57BL/6 mice and then injured anterior tibialis muscle by cardiotoxin. One month after injury, sections were analyzed by standard and deconvolutional microscopy for expression of muscle and hematopoietic markers. Results. Irradiation was essential to conversion, although whether by injury or induction of chimerism is not clear. Cardiotoxin- and, to a lesser extent, PBS-injected muscles showed significant number of GFP(+) muscle fibers, while uninjected muscles showed only rare GFP+ cells. Marrow conversion to muscle was increased by two cycles of G-CSF mobilization and to a lesser extent by G-CSF and steel or GM-CSE. Transplantation of female GFP to male C57BL/6 and GFP to ROSA26 mice showed fusion of donor cells to recipient muscle. High numbers of donor-derived muscle colonies and up to 12% GFP(+) muscle cells were seen after mobilization or direct injection. These levels of donor muscle chimerism approach levels that could be clinically significant in developing strategies for the treatment of muscular dystrophies. Conclusion. In summary, the conversion of marrow to skeletal muscle cells is based on cell fusion and is critically dependent on injury. This conversion is also numerically significant and increases with mobilization. (C) 2004 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Roger Williams Med Ctr, Dept Res, Providence, RI 02864 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Abedi, M (reprint author), Roger Williams Med Ctr, Dept Res, 825 Chalkstone Ave, Providence, RI 02864 USA. EM mabedi@rwmc.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [1P22-RR-18757-01]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL-56920]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK-2742, P01-DK-5022, R01-DK-49650] NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.02.007 PG 9 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 825CR UT WOS:000221734100005 PM 15145210 ER PT J AU Cleland, CA White, PS Deshponde, A Wolinsky, M Song, J Nolon, JP AF Cleland, CA White, PS Deshponde, A Wolinsky, M Song, J Nolon, JP TI Development of rationally designed nucleic acid signatures for microbial pathogens SO EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Review DE assay; bacteria; detection; identification; indel; platform; phylogenetic analysis; SNP; taxonomy; virus ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; NUMBER TANDEM REPEAT; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; PRIMER EXTENSION; YERSINIA-PESTIS; POINT MUTATIONS; GENOME SEQUENCE; FLOW-CYTOMETRY AB The detection and identification of microbial pathogens are critical challenges in clinical medicine and public health surveillance. Advances in genome analysis technology are providing an unprecedented amount of information about bacterial and viral organisms, and hold great potential for pathogen detection and identification. In this paper, a rational approach to the development and application of nucleic acid signatures is described based on phylogenetically informative sequence features, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms. The computational tools that are available to enable the development of the next generation of microbial molecular signatures for clinical diagnostics and infectious disease surveillance are reviewed and the impact on public health and national security will be discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nolon, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ccleland@lanl.gov; scott_white@lanl.gov; deshpande_a@lanl.gov; murray@lanl.gov; jian@lanl.gov; nolan@telomere.lanl.gov NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEYY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1473-7159 J9 EXPERT REV MOL DIAGN JI Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 3 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.1586/14737159.4.3.303 PG 13 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 819AP UT WOS:000221285900005 PM 15137898 ER PT J AU Shi, L AF Shi, L TI Manganese-dependent protein O-phosphatases in prokaryotes and their biological functions SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE protein phosphorylation; protein serine/threonine phosphatase; protein tyrosine phosphatase; review ID CELL-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTION; SP STRAIN PCC-7942; SERINE-THREONINE PHOSPHATASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PROTEINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; GLNB GENE-PRODUCT; P-II PROTEIN; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS AB During the past decade, numerous Mn2+-dependent protein serine, threonine and/or tyrosine phosphatases (O-phosphatases) from prokaryotes have been characterized. Based on their amino acid sequences, they belong to PPP, PPM or PHP superfamilies. Both the PPP and PPM families of protein phosphatases are metalloenzymes which active centers contain two metal ions that function as cofactors. Results from sequence analysis also suggest that PHP family protein phosphatase is a metalloenzyme. The identified functions for PPP family protein phosphatases from different prokaryotic organisms include regulation of stress-response, nitrogen fixation and vegetative growth. At least one phosphatase, PrpB from Escherichia coli, is also implicated in bacterial pathogenesis. Prokaryotic PPM family protein phosphatases are involved in controlling spore formation, stress-response, cell density during stationary phase, carbon and nitrogen assimilation, vegetative growth, development of fruiting bodies and cell segregation. The function of CpsB, a PHP family protein tyrosine phosphatase from Streptococcus pneumonia, is to regulate biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide, an important virulence determinant. Thus, this group of functionally diverse protein phosphatases plays an important role in prokaryotes. Discovery of Mn2+-dependent prokaryotic protein O-phosphatases and their functions also contributes to new insight into Mn2+ homeostasis and many roles played by Mn2+ and protein O-phosphorylation in prokaryotic cells. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Liang.Shi@pnl.gov NR 106 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI MANHASSET PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1093-9946 J9 FRONT BIOSCI JI Front. Biosci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 9 BP 1382 EP 1397 DI 10.2741/1318 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 779ZA UT WOS:000189333700030 PM 14977554 ER PT J AU Hwang, CH Lee, CE Lee, KO AF Hwang, CH Lee, CE Lee, KO TI Numerical investigation on combustion characteristics of methane in a hybrid catalytic combustor SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE catalytic combustion; catalytically stabilized combustor; hybrid catalytic combustor; methane; homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions; NOx emission ID OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY; MONOLITH; PLATINUM; MODELS AB Combustion characteristics of a hybrid catalytic combustor, which consists of a catalyst bed and a thermal combustor section, were investigated using two-dimensional boundary layer approximations with detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistries. Lean methane-air mixture was supplied to the inlet of a catalyst bed section. In order to validate our numerical analyses, the surface site density of platinum-coated monolith was estimated through the comparisons with the experimental data reported in literature. Discussed in detail were the effects of homogeneous chemistry and heterogeneous chemistry on catalytic combustion characteristics. The extensive numerical calculations performed with the selected surface site density revealed that homogeneous reactions in the monolith had little effects on the spatial distributions of temperature and CH4 Conversion and the location of heterogeneous ignition, while they showed an important role to the initial reaction processes in the thermal combustor section through productions of the significant amount of intermediate species, such as OH and CO, near the catalyst bed exit. The parametric study for various operating conditions, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, velocity, entrance diameter of the monolith channel and inlet pressure, were also performed to investigate their effects on catalytic combustion. In the thermal combustor, N2O was a dominant component in emissions that are mainly formed under the reaction mechanism, N-2+O(+M)-->N2O(+M), in case no additional fuel is injected. Furthermore, the formations of CO and NOx emission were also characterized with controlling the amount of additional methane injection to the thermal combustor. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inha Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Inchon 402751, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat R&D Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, CE (reprint author), Inha Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 253 Yonghyun Dong, Inchon 402751, South Korea. EM chelee@inha.ac.kr NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAY PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7-8 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.10.024 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 805SZ UT WOS:000220387300025 ER PT J AU Ozdemir, E Morsi, BI Schroeder, K AF Ozdemir, E Morsi, BI Schroeder, K TI CO2 adsorption capacity of argonne premium coals SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE isotherm; swelling; rank ID HIGH-PRESSURE ADSORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PORE STRUCTURE; ACTIVATED CARBON; GAS-ADSORPTION; SURFACE AREAS; METHANE; SORPTION; ISOTHERMS; TEMPERATURE AB Adsorption and desorption isotherms of CO2 on dried Argonne Premium coal samples were investigated. A small hysteresis was detected between the adsorption and desorption isotherms. The hysteresis was small or negligible for high rank coals but discernable for low rank coals. The isotherms were found to be rectilinear and to fit the conventional adsorption equations poorly. The rectilinear shape of the adsorption isotherms was related to the solubility of the CO2 in the coal and to coal swelling. Using an adsorption model that accounted for volumetric effects provided good agreement between the surface areas calculated from the high-pressure isotherms and the literature values obtained under traditional low-pressure conditions. Ignoring the volumetric effects resulted in estimated surface areas that were 40% larger for the higher-ranked coals and 60-100% larger for the lower-ranked coals. The heat of adsorption, after correcting for volumetric effects, was fairly constant (26+/-1 kJ/mol) regardless of rank. The adsorption capacity, average pore size, and volume effect for each of the Argonne coals were also estimated employing the same model. The model equation explicitly accounts for volumetric effects, attributable to the solubility of CO, in the organic matrix and the coal swelling, and estimates the actual adsorbed amount. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, NETL, Environm Sci & Technol Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Schroeder, K (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, Environm Sci & Technol Div, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM karl.schroder@netl.doe.gov NR 51 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD MAY PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7-8 BP 1085 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.11.005 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 805SZ UT WOS:000220387300036 ER PT J AU Lapuk, A Volik, S Vincent, R Chin, K Kuo, WL de Jong, P Collins, C Gray, JW AF Lapuk, A Volik, S Vincent, R Chin, K Kuo, WL de Jong, P Collins, C Gray, JW TI Computational BAC clone contig assembly for comprehensive genome analysis SO GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN-CANCER; HYBRIDIZATION AB Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has proved to be a powerful tool for the detection of genome copy number changes in human cancers and in other diseases caused by segmental aneusomies. Array versions of CGH allow the definition of these aberrations, with resolution determined by the size and distribution of the array elements. Resolution approaching 100 kb can be achieved by use of arrays comprising bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) distributed contiguously across regions of interest. We describe here a computer program that automatically assembles contigs of minimally overlapping BAC clones, using information about BAC end-sequences and the normal genome DNA sequence. We demonstrate the characteristics of contigs assembled and annotated by use of this approach for regions of recurrent abnormality in human ovarian and breast cancers at chromosome bands 3q25-q27 and 8q24 and chromosome arm 20q. We also show illustrative analyses of regions of amplification in these regions in breast and ovarian tumor cell lines by use of array CGH with arrays comprising contiguous BACs. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Gray, JW (reprint author), 84 1 Cyclotron Rd,Room 322, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JWGray@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1045-2257 J9 GENE CHROMOSOME CANC JI Gene Chromosomes Cancer PD MAY PY 2004 VL 40 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1002/gcc.20016 PG 6 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA 809TX UT WOS:000220660100010 PM 15034871 ER PT J AU Olivier, M Wang, XJ Cole, R Gau, B Kim, J Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA AF Olivier, M Wang, XJ Cole, R Gau, B Kim, J Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA TI Haplotype analysis of the apolipoprotein gene cluster on human chromosome 11 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE single nucleotide polymorphism; apolipoprotein A5; haplotype; linkage disequilibrium; recombination; four-gamete test ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; C-III GENE; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; HUMAN GENOME; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES; AV GENE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; CIII AB Members of the apolipoprotein gene cluster (APOA1/C3/A4/A5) on human chromosome 11q23 play an important role in lipid metabolism. Polymorphisms in both APOA5 and APOC3 are strongly associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations. The close genomic locations of these two genes as well as their functional similarity have hindered efforts to define whether each gene independently influences human triglyceride concentrations. In this study, we examined the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype structure of 49 SNPs in a 150-kb region spanning the gene cluster. We identified a total of five common APOA5 haplotypes with a frequency of greater than 8% in samples of northern European origin. The APOA5 haplotype block did not extend past the 7 SNPs in the gene and was separated from the other apolipoprotein gene in the cluster by a region of significantly increased recombination. Furthermore, one previously identified triglyceride risk haplotype of APOA5 (APOA5*3) showed no association with three APOC3 SNPs previously associated with triglyceride concentrations, in contrast to the other risk haplotype (APOA5*2), which was associated with all three minor APOC3 SNP alleles. These results highlight the complex genetic relationship between APOA5 and APOC3 and support the notion that APOA5 represents an independent risk gene affecting plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, Human & Mol Genet Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, McGee Ctr Juvenile Diabet, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Olivier, M (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, Human & Mol Genet Ctr, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM molivier@mcw.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL074168-02, HL071954A, HL0748168, HL66681, R01 HL071954, R01 HL074168, U01 HL066681] NR 39 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 83 IS 5 BP 912 EP 923 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.11.016 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 812JL UT WOS:000220835700016 PM 15081120 ER PT J AU Bickmore, BR Tadanier, CJ Rosso, KM Monn, WD Eggett, DL AF Bickmore, BR Tadanier, CJ Rosso, KM Monn, WD Eggett, DL TI Bond-Valence methods for pK(a) prediction: critical reanalysis and a new approach SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTING MINERAL SURFACES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION SHG; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; PROTONATION EQUILIBRIUM-CONSTANTS; MOLECULAR STATICS CALCULATIONS; WATER INTERFACE; ZERO CHARGE; SAPPHIRE CRYSTALS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AB Bond-valence methods for the prediction of (hydr)oxide solution monomer and surface functional group acidity constants are examined in light of molecular structures calculated using ab initio methods. A new method is presented that is based on these calculated structures, and it is shown that previously published methods have neglected one or more of four essential features of a generalized model. First, if the apparent pK(a) values of solution monomers are to be used to predict intrinsic pK(a) values of surface functional groups, similar electrostatic corrections must be applied in both cases. In Surface complexation models, electrostatic corrections are applied by representing a charged surface as a uniform plane of charge density, and an analogous correction can be made to Solution monomers by treating them as charged spheres. Second, it must be remembered that real surfaces and real monomers are not homogeneous planes or spheres. Rather, charge density is distributed rather unevenly, and a further electrostatic correction (which is often quite large) must be made to account for the proximity of electron density to the point of proton attachment. Third, the unsaturated valence of oxygen atoms in oxyacids, hexaquo cations, and oxide surfaces is strongly correlated with acidity after electrostatic corrections are made. However, calculation Of unsaturated valence for oxyacids and oxide surfaces must be based on realistic Me-O bond lengths (taking into account bond relaxation), which can be obtained from ab initio structure optimizations. Finally, unsaturated valence must be divided between possible bonds (four for oxygen atoms) to reflect the fact that O-H bonds are localized to particular regions of the O atoms. Empirical models that take all these factors into account are presented for oxyacids and hexaquo cations. These models are applied to the gibbsite (100), (010), (001), and cristobalite (100) surfaces, and it is demonstrated that the model for oxyacids predicts reasonable intrinsic pK(a) values for oxide surfaces. However. the prediction of surface pK(a) values is complex, because the protonation state of one functional group affects the pK(a) values of neighboring groups. Therefore, calculations of larger periodic systems, progressively protonated and reoptimized, are needed. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Charles E Via Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Ctr Stat Consultat & Collaborat Res, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Bickmore, BR (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM barry_bickmore@byu.edu NR 60 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 5 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2004 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2025 EP 2042 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.008 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 815GZ UT WOS:000221032100014 ER PT J AU Wyndham, T McCulloch, M Fallon, S Alibert, C AF Wyndham, T McCulloch, M Fallon, S Alibert, C TI High-resolution coral records of rare earth elements in coastal seawater: Biogeochemical cycling and a new environmental proxy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; ICP-MS; GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BANDED CORALS; GEOCHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; BAY; MANGANESE AB In this study we have used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), to produce a high resolution coral record of rare earth elements (REE), Mn and Ba from coastal Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Validation of the LA-ICP-MS technique indicated that the method provides accurate and reproducible (RSD = 13-18%) analysis of low concentration REE in corals (similar to1 to 100 ppb). The REE composition in coral samples was found to closely reflect that of the surrounding seawater and distribution coefficients of similar to1-2 indicated minimal fractionation of the series during incorporation into coral carbonate. To explore the idea that coral records of REE can be used to investigate dissolved seawater composition, we analyzed two coastal corals representing a total of similar to30 yr of growth, including a 10-yr overlapping period. Comparable results were obtained from the two samples, particularly in terms of elemental ratios (Nd/Yb) and the Ce anomaly. Based on this evidence and results from the determination of distribution coefficients, we suggest that useful records of seawater REE composition can be obtained from coral carbonates. When compared to the REE composition of a mid shelf coral, coastal corals showed a significant terrestrial influence, characterized by higher REE concentrations (greater than 10 times) and light REE enrichment. The REE composition of coastal seawater inferred front the coral record was dependent on seasonal factors and the influence of flood waters. REE fractionation displayed a strong seasonal cycle that correlated closely with Mn concentration. We suggest that higher Nd/Yb ratios and higher Mn concentrations in summer result from scavenging of heavy REE by particulate organic ligands and Mn reductive dissolution respectively, both processes displaying higher rates during periods of high primary productivity. The Ce anomaly also displayed a strong seasonal cycle showing an enhanced anomaly during summer and during flood events. This is consistent with the Ce anomaly being primarily controlled by the abundance of Ce oxidizing bacteria. Based on these arguments, we suggest that the coral record of dissolved REE and Mn may be regarded as a useful proxy for biological activity in coastal seawater. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wyndham, T (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM timothy.wyndham@anu.edu.au RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; McCulloch, Malcolm/C-3651-2009 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; NR 46 TC 89 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2004 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2067 EP 2080 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.004 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 815GZ UT WOS:000221032100017 ER PT J AU Krot, AN Fagan, TJ Keil, K McKeegan, KD Sahijpal, S Hutcheon, ID Petaev, MI Yurimoto, H AF Krot, AN Fagan, TJ Keil, K McKeegan, KD Sahijpal, S Hutcheon, ID Petaev, MI Yurimoto, H TI Ca,Al-rich inclusions, amoeboid olivine aggregates, and Al-rich chondrules from the unique carbonaceous chondrite Acfer 094: I. Mineralogy and petrology SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; FERROMAGNESIAN CHONDRULES; CV3 CHONDRITES; SOLAR NEBULA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; MURCHISON METEORITE; ALLENDE METEORITE; GENETIC LINK; CALCIUM; CONDENSATION AB Based on their mineralogy and petrography, similar to200 refractory inclusions studied in the unique carbonaceous chondrite, Acfer 094, can be divided into corundum-rich (0.5%), hibonite-rich (1.1%), grossite-rich (8.5%), compact and fluffy Type A (spinel-melilite-rich, 50.3%), pyroxene-anorthite-rich (7.4%), and Type C (pyroxeneanorthite-rich with igneous textures, 1.6%) Ca,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), pyroxene-hibonite spherules (0.5%), and amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOAs, 30.2%). Melilite in some CAIs is replaced by spinel and Al-diopside and/or by anorthite. whereas spinel-pyroxene assemblages in CAIs and AOAs appear to be replaced by anorthite. Forsterite grains in several AOAs are replaced by low-Ca pyroxene. None of the CAN or AOAs show evidence for Fe-alkali metasomatic or aqueous alteration. The mineralogy, textures, and bulk chemistry of most Acfer 094 refractory inclusions are consistent with their origin by gas-solid condensation and may reflect continuous interaction with SiO and Mg of the cooling nebula gas. It appears that only a few CAls experienced subsequent melting. The Al-rich chondrules (ARCs; > 10 wt% bulk Al2O3) consist of forsteritic olivine and low-Ca pyroxene phenocrysts, pigeonite, augite, anorthitic plagioclase, +/- spinel, FeNi-metal, and crystalline mesostasis composed of plagioclase, augite and a silica phase. Most ARCs are spherical and mineralogically uniform, but some are irregular in shape and heterogeneous in mineralogy, with distinct ferromagnesian and aluminous domains. The ferromagnesian domains tend to form chondrule mantles, and are dominated by low-Ca pyroxene and forsteritic olivine, anorthitic mesostasis, and Fe,Ni-metal nodules. The aluminous domains are dominated by anorthite, high-Ca pyroxene and spinel, occasionally with inclusions of perovskite; have no or little FeNi-metal; and tend to form cores of the heterogeneous chondrules. The cores are enriched in bulk Ca and Al, and apparently formed from melting of CAI-like precursor material that did not mix completely with adjacent ferromagnesian melt. The inferred presence of CAI-like material among precursors for Al-rich chondrules is in apparent conflict with lack of evidence for melting of CAIs that occur outside chondrules, suggesting that these CAIs were largely absent from chondrule-forming region(s) at the time of chondrule formation. This may imply that there are several populations of CAIs in Acfer 094 and that mixing of "normal" CAIs that Occur outside chondrules and chondrules that accreted into the Acfer 094 parent asteroid took place after chondrule formation. Alternatively, there may have been an overlap in the CAI- and chondrule-forming regions, where the least refractory CAIs were mixed with Fe-Mg chondrule precursors. This hypothesis is difficult to reconcile with the lack of evidence of melting of AOAs which represent aggregates of the least refractory CAIs and forstefite grains. Copyright (C) 2004 Lsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys & Planetary, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Punjabi Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Krot, AN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Geophys & Planetary, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sasha@higp.hawaii.edu RI McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008 OI McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X NR 57 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2004 VL 68 IS 9 BP 2167 EP 2184 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.10.025 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 815GZ UT WOS:000221032100023 ER PT J AU Beard, LR Doll, WE Holladay, JS Gamey, TJ Lee, JLC Bell, DT AF Beard, LR Doll, WE Holladay, JS Gamey, TJ Lee, JLC Bell, DT TI Field tests of an experimental helicopter time-domain electromagnetic system for unexploded ordnance detection SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Field trials of a low-flying time-domain helicopter electromagnetic system designed for detection of unexploded ordnance have yielded positive and encouraging results. The system is able to detect ordnance as small as 60-mm rounds at 1-m sensor height. We examined several transmitter and receiver configurations. Small loop receivers gave superior signal-to-noise ratios in comparison to larger receiver loops at low heights. Base frequencies of 90 Hz and 270 Hz were less affected than other base frequencies by noise produced by proximity to the helicopter and by vibration of the support structure. For small ordnance, a two-lobed, antisymmetric transmitter loop geometry produced a modest signal-to-noise enhancement compared with a large single rectangular loop, presumably because the antisymmetric transmitter produces smaller eddy currents in the helicopter body, thereby reducing this source of noise. In most cases, differencing of vertically offset receivers did not substantially improve signal-to-noise ratios at very low sensor altitudes. Signal attenuation from transmitter to target and from target to receiver causes signals from smaller ordnance to quickly become indistinguishable from geological background variations, so that above a sensor height of about 3 m only large ordnance items (e.g., bombs and large caliber artillery rounds) were consistently detected. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Geosensors Inc, Toronto, ON M4S 2Y3, Canada. RP Beard, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM beardlp@ornl.gov; dollwe@ornl.gov; sholladay@sympatico.ca; gameytj@ornl.gov; belldt@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 BP 664 EP 673 DI 10.1190/1.1759452 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 831LQ UT WOS:000222196300002 ER PT J AU Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, JP AF Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, JP TI Radiation dosimetry of a graphite moderated radium-beryllium source SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; dosimetry; neutron dosimetry; radium AB The Brookhaven National Laboratory Sigma Pile is a radium-betyllium neutron source imbedded in a cube of graphite blocks. The pile is approximately 2.13 m on four sides and is 3.07 m high. Thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to determine the neutron and gamma-ray dose rates in the pile. Gamma-ray dose rate measurements have also been made in the air outside of the pile, while the radium-beryllium neutron source was being withdrawn from the pile. The Monte Carlo code has been used to calculate the coupled neutron-photon transport. Measured dose rates at various locations agreed with the calculated values within 5% to 15%. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM holden@bnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 86 IS 5 SU S BP S110 EP S112 DI 10.1097/00004032-200405002-00014 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 814AX UT WOS:000220948700012 PM 15069300 ER PT J AU Hu, JP Reciniello, RN Holden, NE AF Hu, JP Reciniello, RN Holden, NE TI Optimization of the epithermal neutron beam for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The rise of epithermal neutron beam in clinical trials of Boron Neotron Capture Therapy for patients with malignant brain tumors had been carried out for half a decade at the Brookhaven's Medical Reactor The decision to permanently), close this reactor in 2000 cat short the efforts to implement a new conceptual design to opthimize this beam in preparation for rise with possible new, BNCT protocols. Details of tire conceptual design to produce a highly intensified and focused neutron beam with less gamma and neutron contamination in tissues are presented here for their potential applicability to other reactor facilities. Alentron-photon coupled Monte Carlo calculations were used to predict tire flux, current, heating, and absorbed dose produced by tire proposed design. The results were bench-marked by the dose rate and flux measurements taken at the facility then in use. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hu, JP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hu1@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 86 IS 5 SU S BP S103 EP S109 DI 10.1097/00004032-200405002-00013 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 814AX UT WOS:000220948700011 PM 28121700 ER PT J AU McKeown, CK Davison, BH AF McKeown, CK Davison, BH TI A simplified method to create quantitative, "fixed" uranyl-contaminated metal coupons SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; contamination; uranium; decontamination AB A method was developed and validated to quantitatively apply and "fix" uranyl contamination onto a metal sin-face (steel). Simple approaches are needed to create test surfaces in order to quantify contaminant removal or "decon" methods. We used steel discs sized to allow direct and accarate alpha counting in a Ludlum scanner from radioactive contaminants. A typical 3.8-cm-diameter coupon had a depleted uranyl loading of about 0.1 mg U cm(-2) with a count of 980 dpm. The residting alpha radiation was measured with a precision of >97% for the same coupon. The alpha concentration on replicate coupons differed by as much as 9% (standard deviation). This method, based on earlier methods, required a uranyl solution to be dried but lowers the baking temperature to less than 100 degreesC to increase safety in a typical radiological laboratory. A dike was used to provide a uniform coating of the uranyl solution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioproc R&D Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McKeown, CK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioproc R&D Ctr, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xkn@ornl.gov RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 86 IS 5 SU S BP S113 EP S115 DI 10.1097/00004032-200405002-00015 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 814AX UT WOS:000220948700013 PM 15069301 ER PT J AU de Pater, I Marchis, F Macintosh, BA Roe, HG Le Mignant, D Graham, JR Davies, AG AF de Pater, I Marchis, F Macintosh, BA Roe, HG Le Mignant, D Graham, JR Davies, AG TI Keck AO observations of Io in and out of eclipse SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Io; eclipse; adaptive optics; PSF ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGES; JUPITERS MOON IO; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; THERMAL EMISSION; HEAT-FLOW; GALILEO; DECONVOLUTION; TELESCOPE AB We present adaptive optics (AO) observations of Io taken with the W.M. Keck II telescope on 18 December 2001 (UT) before the satellite went into eclipse, and while it was in Jupiter's shadow. Making these kind of Io-in-eclipse observations, as well as the associated data reduction and analysis are challenging; hence one focus of the paper is to explain the methods and tools used for these data sets. For the sunlit images Io itself was used as the wavefront reference source, while nearby Ganymede was used as reference 'star' when Io was in eclipse. Observations were obtained in K'-, L'-, and M-bands. The sunlit images have been deconvolved using MISTRAL. The Io-in-eclipse data were deconvolved with IDAC and MISTRAL. The former gives better results, both in absolute photometry and in matching the original images. We determined the flux densities of the hot spots from the original Io-in-eclipse data with StarFinder, as well as from the deconvolved images by integrating the intensity over the relevant areas. We determined the highly anisoplanatic PSF via a FFT method from the original data, and used this in StarFinder and as a starting PSF for IDAC and MISTRAL. We derived temperatures and areal coverage of all 19 spots detected in both K'- and L'-band images of Io-in-eclipse. We also determined temperatures and areal coverage of the hot spots visible on the L'- and M-band images of sunlit Io. Most volcanoes contain a compact hot 'core' (less than or similar to10 km(2) at 600-800 K) within a larger area at lower temperatures (e.g., similar to 10(2)-10(4) km(2) at 300-500 K). The total heat flow contributed by these active volcanoes is 0.2 Wm(-2), similar to 8% of the average global heat flow measured at 5-20 mum by Veeder et al. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP de Pater, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM imke@floris.berkeley.edu RI Marchis, Franck/H-3971-2012 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 250 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.025 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 817MA UT WOS:000221180400014 ER PT J AU Tsao, JY AF Tsao, JY TI Solid-state lighting - Lamps, chips, and materials for tomorrow SO IEEE CIRCUITS & DEVICES LA English DT Article ID EMITTING-DIODES; DISLOCATION-DENSITY; GAN; EFFICIENCY; POWER; SEMICONDUCTOR; DEGRADATION; BRIGHTNESS; NITRIDE; DEVICES C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tsao, JY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jytsao@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 198 Z9 214 U1 6 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUITS DEVICE JI IEEE Circuits Devices PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1109/MCD.2004.1304539 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 824VZ UT WOS:000221716600007 ER PT J AU Frincke, DA Bishop, M AF Frincke, DA Bishop, M TI Guarding the castle keep: Teaching with the fortress metaphor SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Frincke, DA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM deborah.frincke@pnl.gov; bishop@cs.ucdovis.edu NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 2 IS 3 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1109/MSP.2004.13 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 907LB UT WOS:000227718500012 ER PT J AU Frazho, AE Yagci, B Sumali, H AF Frazho, AE Yagci, B Sumali, H TI On sinusoid estimation in nonstationary noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article DE experimental vibration analysis; sinusoid estimation ID BAND METHOD AB This note presents a sinusoid estimation algorithm, which will converge to the spectrum of the sinusoid process in nonstationary additive noise. The algorithm is in the framework of the tangential Nevanlinna-Pick setting. The procedure is a generalization of Capon's maximum likelihood estimate and some classsical limit theorem for orthogonal polynomials. The method is used in an experimental example to rind the natural frequencies of a lightly damped structure. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Frazho, AE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM frazho@ecn.purdue.edu; byagci@ecn.purdue.edu; hsumali@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD MAY PY 2004 VL 49 IS 5 BP 777 EP 781 DI 10.1109/TAC.2004.825976 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 821BX UT WOS:000221435700019 ER PT J AU Wilson, MD Ustin, SL Rocke, DM AF Wilson, MD Ustin, SL Rocke, DM TI Classification of contamination in salt marsh plants using hyperspectral reflectance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE heavy metals; hyperspectral; logistic discrimination (LD); partial least squares (PLS); petroleum; reflectance; remote sensing; support vector machines (SVMs) ID SPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS AB In this paper, we compare the classification effectiveness of two relatively new techniques on data consisting of leaf-level reflectance from five species of salt marsh and two species of crop plants (in four experiments) that have been exposed to varying levels of different heavy metal or petroleum toxicity, with a control treatment for each experiment. If these methodologies work well on leaf-level data, then there is hope that they will also work well on data from air- and spaceborne platforms. The classification methods compared were support vector classification (SVC) of exposed and nonexposed plants based on the spectral reflectance data, and partial least squares compression of the spectral reflectance data followed by classification using logistic discrimination (PLS/LD). The statistic we used to compare the effectiveness of the methodologies was the leave-one-out cross-validation estimate of the prediction error. Our results suggest that both techniques perform reasonably well, but that SVC was superior to PLS/LD for use on hyperspectral data and it is worth exploring as a technique for classifying heavy-metal or petroleum exposed plants for the more complicated data from air- and spaceborne sensors. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Savannah River Ecol Lab Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM wilson@srel.edu RI Rocke, David/I-7044-2013; OI Rocke, David/0000-0002-3958-7318; Wilson, Machelle/0000-0003-1734-2755 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1088 EP 1095 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2003.823278 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 821MX UT WOS:000221466200016 ER PT J AU Cansiz, A Hull, JR AF Cansiz, A Hull, JR TI Stable load-carrying and rotational loss characteristics of diamagnetic bearings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE diamagnetic bearings; magnetic levitation ID MAGNET LEVITATION AB We investigated the use of diamagnetic materials in magnetic bearings using an experimental apparatus to study the static equilibrium, load-carrying capacity, and dynamic characteristics of the bearings. The apparatus consisted of a 0.79-g NdFeB disk-shaped permanent-magnet rotor levitated by a ferrite magnet with a diamagnetic stabilizer made of either bismuth or graphite, all in a bell-jar vacuum chamber to eliminate air friction on the rotor. The equilibrium position of the rotor was statically and dynamically stable, according to theoretical calculations based on the magnetic-image method. In dynamic tests, the rotor of the diamagnetic bearing was spun up to 100 Hz by a tangential jet of nitrogen gas and then was allowed to spin down freely to measure the rotational losses. The rotational losses varied with the frequency of the rotation, indicating that most of the losses were mainly due to eddy currents. Minor losses due to magnetic inhomogeneities in the permanent magnets and diamagnetic parts were also observed over a small frequency range. C1 Ataturk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Elect, TR-25000 Erzurum, Turkey. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cansiz, A (reprint author), Ataturk Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Elect, TR-25000 Erzurum, Turkey. EM acansiz@atauni.edu.tr; jhull@anl.gov RI Cansiz, Ahmet/A-5885-2012 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 1636 EP 1641 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.827181 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 821MV UT WOS:000221466000021 ER PT J AU White, DA Stowell, M AF White, DA Stowell, M TI Full-wave simulation of electromagnetic coupling effects in RF and mixed-signal ICs using a time-domain finite-element method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE behavioral modeling; finite element; substrate coupling; time domain ID SUBSTRATE NOISE; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; EXTRACTION PROGRAM; DESIGN; TRANSFORMERS; INDUCTORS AB This paper describes the computer simulation and modeling of distributed electromagnetic coupling effects in analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits. Distributed electromagnetic coupling effects include magnetic coupling of adjacent interconnects and/or planar spiral inductors, substrate coupling due to stray electric currents in a conductive substrate, and full-wave electromagnetic radiation. These coupling mechanisms are inclusively simulated by solving the full-wave Maxwell's equations using a three-dimensional (3-D) time-domain finite-element method. This simulation approach is quite general and can be used for circuit layouts that include isolation wells, guard rings, and 3-D metallic structures. A state-variable behavioral modeling procedure is used to construct simple linear models that mimic the distributed electromagnetic effects. These state-variable models can easily be incorporated into a VHDL-AMS simulation providing a means to include distributed electromagnetic effects into a circuit simulation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP White, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dwhite@llnl.gov; stowelll@llnl.gov NR 55 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1404 EP 1413 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.827008 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 818GH UT WOS:000221233100007 ER PT J AU Lawler, JS Bailey, JM McKeever, JW Pinto, J AF Lawler, JS Bailey, JM McKeever, JW Pinto, J TI Extending the constant power speed range of the brushless DC motor through dual-mode inverter control SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE brushless dc machine (BDCM); constant power; speed range (CPSR); dual-mode inverter controller (DMIC) AB An inverter topology and control scheme has been developed and tested to demonstrate that it can drive low-inductance, surface mounted permanent magnet motors over the wide constant power speed range (CPSR) required in electric vehicle applications. This new controller, called the dual-mode inverter controller (DMIC) [1], can drive both the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with sinusoidal back emf, and the brushless dc machine (BDCM) with trapezoidal emf as a motor or generator. Here we concentrate on the application of the DMIC to the operation of the BDCM in the motoring mode. Simulation results, supported by closed form analytical expressions, show that the CPSR of the DMIC driven BDCM is infinite when all of the motor and inverter loss mechanisms are neglected. The expressions further show that the ratio of high-to-low motor inductances accommodated by the DMIC is 11 making the DMIC compatible with both low- and high-inductance BDCMs. Classical hysteresis-band motor current control used below base speed is integrated with DMICs phase advance above base speed. The power performance of the DMIC is then simulated across the entire speed range. Laboratory testing of a low-inductance, 7.5-hp BDCM driven by the DMIC demonstrated a CPSR above 6:1. Current peak and rms values remained controlled below rated values at all speeds. A computer simulation accurately reproduced the results of lab testing showing that the limiting CPSR of the test motor is 8:1. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Univ Fed Matto Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. RP Lawler, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM mckeeveryjw@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 783 EP 793 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2004.826511 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 820KM UT WOS:000221387600023 ER PT J AU Su, GJ McKeever, JW AF Su, GJ McKeever, JW TI Low-cost sensorless control of brushless DC motors with improved speed range (vol 19, pg 296, 2004) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Correction C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov; mckeeverjw@ornl.gov NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 878 EP 879 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2004.827636 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 820KM UT WOS:000221387600033 ER PT J AU Lu, N Chow, JH Desrochers, AA AF Lu, N Chow, JH Desrochers, AA TI Pumped-storage hydro-turbine bidding strategies in a competitive electricity market SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE electricity market deregulation; fixed weekly schedule optimization; generator bidding strategies; optimal pumped-storage unit scheduling; reserve bids AB This paper develops optimal pumped-storage unit bidding strategies in a competitive electricity market. Starting from a weekly forecasted market clearing price curve, an algorithm to maximize the profit of a pumped-storage unit considering reserve bids is developed. A comparison between the optimal bidding strategy and a fixed-schedule weekly generating and pumping strategy is provided. C1 Pacific NW Natl Univ, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Univ, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov; chowj@rpi.edu; aad@ecse.rpi.edu RI 刘, 兴/B-7263-2011 NR 10 TC 79 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 2 BP 834 EP 841 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.825911 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 818ZP UT WOS:000221283300018 ER PT J AU Bertram, M Duchaineau, MA Hamann, B Joy, KI AF Bertram, M Duchaineau, MA Hamann, B Joy, KI TI Generalized B-spline subdivision-surface wavelets for geometry compression SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE arbitrary-topology meshes; biorthogonal wavelets; geometry compression; multiresolution methods; subdivision surfaces ID MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS; MESHES; FRAMEWORK; SCHEMES AB We present a new construction of lifted biorthogonal wavelets on surfaces of arbitrary two-manifold topology for compression and multiresolution representation. Our method combines three approaches: subdivision surfaces of arbitrary topology, B-spline wavelets, and the lifting scheme for biorthogonal wavelet construction. The simple building blocks of our wavelet transform are local lifting operations performed on polygonal meshes with subdivision hierarchy. Starting with a coarse, irregular polyhedral base mesh, our transform creates a subdivision hierarchy of meshes converging to a smooth limit surface. At every subdivision level, geometric detail can be expanded from wavelet coefficients and added to the surface. We present wavelet constructions for bilinear, bicubic, and biquintic B-Spline subdivision. While the bilinear and bicubic constructions perform well in numerical experiments, the biquintic construction turns out to be unstable. For lossless compression, our transform can be computed in integer arithmetic, mapping integer coordinates of control points to integer wavelet coefficients. Our approach provides a highly efficient and progressive representation for complex geometries of arbitrary topology. C1 Univ Kaiserslautern, FB Informat, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Computing, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Univ Kaiserslautern, FB Informat, POB 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. EM bertram@informatik.uni-kl.de; duchaine@llnl.gov; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu; joy@cs.ucdavis.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [P20 MH 60975-06A2] NR 44 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 326 EP 338 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2004.1272731 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 811XL UT WOS:000220804500008 PM 18579963 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Myers, MD Kelley, SS AF Cornish, K Myers, MD Kelley, SS TI Latex quantification in homogenate and purified latex samples from various plant species using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Ficus; Helianthus; Hevea; NIR; Parthenium; Taraxacum ID HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX; GUAYULE LATEX; CROSS-REACTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; RUBBER AB Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is under commercial development as a source of hypoallergenic latex, which is suitable for the manufacture of latex medical devices safe for use by people suffering from Type I latex protein allergy. Improving agronomic practices, post-harvest shrub handling, and optimizing latex extraction and purification protocols during bioprocessing are hampered by the relatively cumbersome latex quantification methods currently employed. Current methods require several hours before analytical results can be obtained. The object of our study was to develop and test a near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method for rapid quantification of latex in both wet and dried P. argentatum homogenate and purified latex samples. The procedure was tested on latex samples from Ficus elastica (Indian rubber tree), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Hevea brasiliensis (Brazilian or para rubber tree) and Taraxacum kok-saghyz (Russian dandelion). P. argentatum latex could be accurately quantified, over a wide concentration range of 0 to 25 mg/ml. The correlations between the measured rubber content and the rubber content predicted by NIR were 0.96 and 0.91 for dry and wet samples, respectively. The presence of homogenate components unrelated to the latex fraction did not perturb the correlations obtained. Similar predictive models could be used to measure the rubber content in F elastica, H. annuus, H. brasilensis and T kok-saghyz. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kcornish@pw.usda.gov RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 283 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.009 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 814AR UT WOS:000220948100010 ER PT J AU Comfort, D Clubb, RT AF Comfort, D Clubb, RT TI Comparative genome analysis identifies distinct sorting pathways in gram-positive bacteria SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SORTASE; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; SURFACE-PROTEINS; CELL-WALL; STREPTOMYCES-COELICOLOR; SRTA GENE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; LPXTG MOTIF AB Surface proteins in gram-positive bacteria are frequently required for virulence, and many are attached to the cell wall by sortase enzymes. Bacteria frequently encode more than one sortase enzyme and an even larger number of potential sortase substrates that possess an LPXTG-type cell wall sorting signal. In order to elucidate the sorting pathways present in gram-positive bacteria, we performed a comparative analysis of 72 sequenced microbial genomes. We show that sortase enzymes can be partitioned into five distinct subfamilies based upon their primary sequences and that most of their substrates can be predicted by making a few conservative assumptions. Most bacteria encode sortases from two or more subfamilies, which are predicted to function nonredundantly in sorting proteins to the cell surface. Only similar to20% of sortase-related proteins are most closely related to the well-characterized Staphylococcus aureus SrtA protein, but nonetheless, these proteins are responsible for anchoring the majority of surface proteins in gram-positive bacteria. In contrast, most sortase-like proteins are predicted to play a more specialized role, with each anchoring far fewer proteins that contain unusual sequence motifs. The functional sortase-substrate linkage predictions are available online (http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/Services/Sortase/) in a searchable database. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Genom & Prot, DOE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Clubb, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Genom & Prot, DOE, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rclubb@mbi.ucla.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI52217, R01 AI052217] NR 71 TC 134 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 72 IS 5 BP 2710 EP 2722 DI 10.1128/IAI.72.5.2710-2722.2004 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 816OV UT WOS:000221120100030 PM 15102780 ER PT J AU Keisler, JM Buehring, WA McLaughlin, PD Robershotte, MA Whitfield, RG AF Keisler, JM Buehring, WA McLaughlin, PD Robershotte, MA Whitfield, RG TI Allocating vendor risks in the Hanford waste cleanup SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE decision analysis : risks; government : agencies AB Organizations may view outsourcing as a way to manage risk. We developed a decision-analytic approach to determine which risks the buyer can share or shift to vendors and which ones it should bear. We found that allocating risks incorrectly could increase costs dramatically Between 1995 and 1998, we used this approach to develop the request for proposals (RFP) for the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) privatization initiative for the Hanford tank waste remediation system (TWRS). In the model, we used an assessment protocol to predict how vendors would react to proposed risk allocations in terms of their actions and their pricing. We considered the impact of allocating each major risk to potential vendors, to the DOE, or to both and identified the risk allocation that would minimize the DOE's total cost-its direct payments to vendors plus the costs of any residual risks it accepted. Allocating inappropriate risks to the vendor would have increased costs because the vendor would add a large risk premium to its bids, while allocating inappropriate risks to the DOE also would have increased costs because the vendor would not take adequate risk-reduction measures. With the improved risk allocation, the RFPs resulted in bids that were acceptable to the DOE. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Coll Management, Dept Management Sci & Informat Syst, Boston, MA 02125 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Keisler, JM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Coll Management, Dept Management Sci & Informat Syst, 100 Morrissey Blvd,M-5-230, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM jeff.keisler@umb.edu; wabuehring@anl.gov; peter.mclaughlin@pnl.gov; mark.robershotte@pnl.gov; rgwhitfield@anl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1287/inte.1040.0078 PG 11 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 831MG UT WOS:000222197900002 ER PT J AU Zhao, HL Kramer, MJ Akinc, M AF Zhao, HL Kramer, MJ Akinc, M TI Thermal expansion behavior of intermetallic compounds in the Mo-Si-B system SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicide; thermal properties; diffraction (electron, neutron and X-ray) ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; MO5SI3; BORON AB The binary tetragonal intermetallic compound Mo5Si3 has Significant thermal expansion anisotropy (TEA) with the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the e-axis (alpha(c)) more than double that of the a-axis (alpha(a)). Since boron has been shown to improve the oxidation stability of alloys near this composition, we explore the effect of adding boron oil the thermal expansion anisotropy of Mo5-ySi3-yBx (T1) and subsequently the adjoining phases in thermal equilibrium. Powder X-ray diffraction was conducted at high temperatures using high energy (> 40 keV) synchrotron X-rays. All of the intermetallics in this system Mo5SiB2, MoSi2, MOB and Mo3Si) have moderate CTE values ranging from 7.17 ppm/degreesC for the cubic Mo3Si to nearly 14 ppm/degreesC for the c-axis of Mo5Si3B. The nearly isotropic TEA for Mo5B2Si was confirmed. The variability of the TEA of Mo5Si3B from 1.83 to 2.43 is explained in terms of the site occupancy and the change of the inter-atomic spacing of the Mo atom chains along the c-axis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mjkramer@ameslab.gov NR 14 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 5 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2003.01.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 814YI UT WOS:000221009600005 ER PT J AU Reynen, K Kockeritz, U Kropp, J Wunderlich, G Knapp, FF Schmeisser, A Strasser, RH AF Reynen, K Kockeritz, U Kropp, J Wunderlich, G Knapp, FF Schmeisser, A Strasser, RH TI Intracoronary radiotherapy with a (188)rhenium liquid-filled PTCA balloon system in in-stent restenosis: Acute and long-term, angiographic results, as well as 1-year clinical follow-up SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 18-21, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Coll Cardiol DE brachytherapy; rhenium-188; in-stent restenosis; late stent thrombosis; clopidogrel ID GAMMA-RADIATION THERAPY; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; BETA-RADIATION; WASHINGTON RADIATION; INHIBITS RECURRENCE; WRIST-PLUS; ANGIOPLASTY; TRIAL; CLOPIDOGREL AB Background: Intracoronary radiotherapy with beta- and gamma-emitters has been shown to reduce the risk of restenosis after balloon angioplasty and after coronary stenting. The present study addresses the question whether intracoronary radiotherapy using the (188)rhenium liquid-filled PTCA balloon system is feasible, safe and effective in cases of in-stent restenosis. Acute and long-term angiographic results as well as clinical events within 1 year after the procedure were evaluated. Methods and results: From September 1999 to April 2000, 41 patients (mean age 60 +/- 10 years, 33 male, 8 female) with symptomatic in-stent restenosis underwent repeat PTCA and immediate intracoronary brachytherapy. After successful repeat PTCA (residual stenosis less than 30% in diameter), a second standard PTCA catheter was inflated with liquid (188)rhenium in the redilated in-stent restenosis for 315-880, mean 540 +/- 155 s with low pressure (3 atm) in order to reach 30 Gy at 0.5 mm depth of the vessel wall. In all patients with successful reintervention, intracoronary radiotherapy was unproblematically performed; in 16 patients, 21 new stents were implanted during the procedure-either immediately before or after radiation therapy. During follow-up, four episodes of stent thrombosis with subsequent myocardial infarction occurred in three patients (8 days, 37 days, 5 months and 6 months after the procedure, respectively). This complication was seen exclusively in patients with newly implanted stents. One patient of the stent group died suddenly 46 days after the procedure. All 40 surviving patients underwent repeat angiography in cases of repeat angina or routinely 6 months after brachytherapy, respectively. In the redilated target vessels without new stenting, restenosis (stenosis >50% in diameter) or reocclusion was observed in only 5 of 25 (= 20%) cases, but in the restented target lesions, in 10 of 15 (= 67%). Event-free survival (death, myocardial infarction, TVR) at 1 year after repeat dilatation and subsequent brachytherapy was 80% for patients not newly stented, but only 44% for patients with new stents. Conclusions: Intracoronary radiation therapy with the liquid-filled beta-emitting (188)rhenium balloon is a safe and effective therapy in cases of in-stent restenosis. The positive effect of irradiation, however, is abolished if a new stent is needed. In the not newly stented patients, 1-year follow-up is encouraging. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Dresden Univ Technol, Dept Cardiol, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Dresden Univ Technol, Dept Clin Nucl Med, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Reynen, K (reprint author), Dresden Univ Technol, Dept Cardiol, Fetscherstr 76, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. EM Kardiologie@mailbox.tu.dresden.de NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0167-5273 J9 INT J CARDIOL JI Int. J. Cardiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 95 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.03.004 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 831PD UT WOS:000222205800005 PM 15159034 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, WMG Elsayed-Ali, HE Bonner, CE Shinn, M AF Ibrahim, WMG Elsayed-Ali, HE Bonner, CE Shinn, M TI Ultrafast investigation of electron dynamics in multi-layer metals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID THIN GOLD-FILMS; FEMTOSECOND; THERMALIZATION AB Ultrafast time-resolved pump-probe studies of energy relaxation and transport in polycrystalline single and multilayer metal films are presented. The dependence of the surface electron temperature on the film structure was investigated. Vanadium was studied as possible padding layer for increasing the laser damage threshold of metal mirrors. The results, for 300 K < T(e) < 700 K, where T(e) is the effective electron temperature, show a reduction of the thermoreflectivity signal, DeltaR(max), for the multi-layer structure as compared to the single layer film. This reduction signifies a drop in the surface electron temperature that is in agreement with previous work. Damage experiments, in the high fluence regime, where the thermomodulation data can no longer be related to the effective electron temperature, show that the padding layer does not improve the damage threshold as previously suggested. The experimental results are analyzed within the framework of the two-temperature model (TTM), which agrees well with both thermomodulation and damage results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Mat Res Ctr, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ibrahim, WMG (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM wibrahim@ecpi.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 47 IS 10-11 BP 2261 EP 2268 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.11.029 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 805FN UT WOS:000220352300019 ER PT J AU Warren, TL Fossum, AF Frew, DJ AF Warren, TL Fossum, AF Frew, DJ TI Penetration into low-strength (23 MPa) concrete: target characterization and simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE penetration; concrete; laboratory testing; plasticity; spherical cavity expansion; dynamic finite elements ID 4340 STEEL PROJECTILES; ALUMINUM TARGETS; MODEL AB A combined experimental, analytical, and computational research and development program investigates the penetration of steel projectiles into low-strength concrete. Laboratory-scale material property tests conducted at the US Army Waterways Experiment Station on the concrete provide the data used in parameter estimation for a geomaterial constitutive model. The experiments and the model are described as well as the procedure used to fit the material model to the experimental data. The model accurately reproduces the data and predicts experimental results not used in the evaluation of model constants. The model, used in conjunction with an explicit transient dynamic finite element code, accurately predicts deceleration and depth of penetration of 3 CRH ogive-nosed 4340 steel penetrators. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Warren, TL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1174, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tlwarre@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 30 IS 5 BP 477 EP 503 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(03)00092-7 PG 27 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 807XG UT WOS:000220533600002 ER PT J AU Martineau, RL Prime, MB Duffey, T AF Martineau, RL Prime, MB Duffey, T TI Penetration of HSLA-100 steel with tungsten carbide spheres at striking velocities between 0.8 and 2.5 km/s SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE foreign object damage; impact; penetration resistance; ballistic; residual stress ID FOREIGN-OBJECT DAMAGE; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; IMPACT; TARGETS; FRAGMENTATION; TI-6AL-4V; PLATES AB A 51 min thick plate of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA-100) steel was impacted by 6.4 mm diameter tungsten carbide spheres traveling at velocities ranging from 0.8-2.5 km/s. The width and depth of the crater for each impact event are provided in tabulated form and graphed as a function of velocity. The impacts were simulated using an explicit Lagrangian finite element model. A residual stress map over a cross-section through the crater was also measured by the Contour Method for the 2.2 km/s impact. The predominant feature of the stress map was a peak compressive stress of 1100 MPa, which is 1.6 times the yield strength, centered approximately one crater diameter below the crater floor. Residual stresses in the as-received HSLA-100 plate were also measured and were used to evaluate the effect of initial stresses on the model prediction. Good agreement is shown between the numerical simulation of the impact event and the experimental data. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ESA WR, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martineau, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rickm@lanl.gov OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 30 IS 5 BP 505 EP 520 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(03)00080-0 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 807XG UT WOS:000220533600003 ER PT J AU Laskin, J Bailey, TH Futrell, JH AF Laskin, J Bailey, TH Futrell, JH TI Fragmentation energetics for angiotensin II and its analogs from time-and energy-resolved surface-induced dissociation studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE surface-induced dissociation; RRKM modeling; protonated peptides; fragmentation energetics; reaction entropy; FT-ICR MS; selective cleavage ID MULTIPLE-COLLISION ACTIVATION; RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PEPTIDE IONS; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; MOBILE AB Surface-induced dissociation (SID) of four model peptides: DRVYIHPF, RVYIHPF, RVYIHAF, and RVYIHDF was studied using a novel Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) specially configured for SID experiments. The energetics and dynamics of peptide fragmentation were deduced by modeling the time- and energy-resolved survival curves for each precursor ion using an RRKM based approach developed in our laboratory. Accurate dissociation parameters can be obtained from these experiments because collision-energy-resolved SID data are very sensitive to both the energetics and dynamics of dissociation. We found that transition from selective to non-selective fragmentation as ion kinetic energy is increased is associated with a substantial (ca. 0.5 eV) increase in the dissociation energy and a 3-4 orders of magnitude increase in the pre-exponential factor. Dissociation thresholds for angiotensin analogs derived from the experimental data are as follows: 1.62 eV for RVYIHAF and RVYIHPF, 1.14 eV for RVYIHDF and 1.13 eV for DRVYIHPF. Pre-exponential factors of 8.2 x 10(11), 7.2 x 10(12), 3.1 x 10(8), and 5.0 x 10(7) s(-1) were obtained for RVYIHPF, RVYIHAF, RVYIHDF, and DRVYIHPF, respectively. Contribution from shattering to the total decomposition of the precursor ion increases for kinetically hindered fragmentation. The largest contribution is observed for a peptide ion that has the largest negative reaction entropy-DRVYIHPF. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999 K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Julia.Laskin@pal.gov RI Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012 OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.02.022 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 824YY UT WOS:000221724400014 ER PT J AU Gorshkov, MV Masselon, CD Nikolaev, EN Udseth, HR Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD AF Gorshkov, MV Masselon, CD Nikolaev, EN Udseth, HR Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD TI Considerations for electron capture dissociation efficiency in FTICR mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE FTICR-MS; Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD); SORI ID INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; CHARGED PROTEIN CATIONS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; IONS AB An experimental approach for increasing the efficiency of Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD) with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) is presented. The approach is based on manipulating the spatial distribution of an ion cloud inside an FTICR trap during electron irradiation, which is realized by using both on-resonance pre-excitation of the ions and sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI). The achieved fragmentation efficiency is compared with the theoretical prediction. This method may be useful in biological applications of FTICR, such as identification of posttranslational modifications in proteins and de novo sequencing, where the ECD technique is most applicable. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Energy Problems Chem Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, MSIN K8-98,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Gorshkov, Mikhail/E-8522-2010; Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Nikolaev, Eugene/N-4498-2013; Gorshkov, Mikhail/N-4984-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Nikolaev, Eugene/0000-0001-6209-2068; Gorshkov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9572-3452 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 234 IS 1-3 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.02.013 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 824YY UT WOS:000221724400017 ER PT J AU Nieto, MM Turyshev, SG AF Nieto, MM Turyshev, SG TI Measuring the interplanetary medium with a solar sail SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article DE interstellar medium; solar sail ID KUIPER-BELT; NEPTUNE; MISSION AB NASA has been considering a solar sail that would accelerate a craft to a high velocity (similar to14 AU/yr) by the time it reached 5 AU. Then the sail would be dropped and the craft would coast alone to deep space. We propose that the sail be retained longer. Then the density of the interplanetary medium could be determined by measuring the drag force on the huge sail using radiometric navigational data. Such an experiment would yield an independent, new type of measurement of the interplanetary medium and should be pursued. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nieto, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663,MS-B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmn@lanl.gov; turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 13 IS 5 BP 899 EP 906 DI 10.1142/S0218271804004955 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 834SK UT WOS:000222430900010 ER PT J AU Talal AF Talal TI Virus dynamics and immune responses during treatment in patients coinfected with hepatitis C and HIV (vol 35, pg 103, 2004) SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talal (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 36 IS 1 BP 648 EP 648 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 817KX UT WOS:000221177500018 ER PT J AU Yoon, C McGraw, R AF Yoon, C McGraw, R TI Representation of generally mixed multivariate aerosols by the quadrature method of moments: I. Statistical foundation SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosol dynamics; multicomponent aerosols; moment methods; principal component analysis; multivariate; quadrature ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; COAGULATION; POPULATIONS; NUCLEATION; SIMULATION; MODEL; CONDENSATION; RETRIEVAL AB The quadrature method of moments (QMOM), a promising new toot for aerosol dynamics simulation is extended to generally mixed multicomponent particle populations. This paper develops the mathematical and statistical foundation for a fully multivariate extension of the QMOM using principal components analysis (PCA). In essence, the full particle distribution function is systematically replaced by a set of lower-order mixed moments and corresponding multivariate quadrature points optimally assigned through PCA and back projection. The resulting PCA-QMOM is illustrated for a multivariate normal particle population in order to compare quadrature point assignments with analytic results, but the method is applicable to arbitrary distributions. Physical and optical properties can be reliably estimated by summation over the PCA-assigned quadrature points. Application of the PCA-QMOM to the dynamics of generally mixed particle populations evolving under condensation, coagulation, and sintering is described in the following paper (Part 11). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP McGraw, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rlm@bnl.gov NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 561 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.11.003 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 820YI UT WOS:000221425500002 ER PT J AU Yoon, C McGraw, R AF Yoon, C McGraw, R TI Representation of generally mixed multivariate aerosols by the quadrature method of moments: II. Aerosol dynamics SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerosol dynamics; multicomponent aerosols; moment methods; principal component analysis; multivariate; quadrature ID COAGULATION; POPULATIONS; MODEL AB The quadrature method of moments (QMOM) is extended to generally mixed multicomponent particle populations using principal component analysis (PCA). The resulting PCA-QMOM provides a versatile method for moment closure illustrated for generally mixed, multivariate, particle populations evolving under condensation, coagulation, sintering, and simultaneous processes. The method is illustrated using a 2(h)-point quadrature version of the PCA-QMOM, where h is the number of coordinate dimensions, developed in the preceding paper (Paper 1). Calculations for multiple particle populations interacting through coagulation are also presented. A theory is developed for the time-dependence of the covariance matrix of a multicomponent particle population evolving under a size-independent coagulation rate. It is found that the rank of the h x h covariance matrix, for h components, approaches unity at long time as the particle population evolves to an internally mixed, self-preserving size distribution state. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP McGraw, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 815E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rlm@bnl.gov NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 35 IS 5 BP 577 EP 598 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2003.11.012 PG 22 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 820YI UT WOS:000221425500003 ER PT J AU Calhoun, R Gouveia, F Shinn, J Chan, S Stevens, D Lee, R Leone, J AF Calhoun, R Gouveia, F Shinn, J Chan, S Stevens, D Lee, R Leone, J TI Flow around a complex building: Comparisons between experiments and a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLUTANT DISPERSION; TURBULENT AB An experiment investigating flow around a single complex building was performed in 2000. Sonic anemometers were placed around the building, and two-dimensional wind velocities were recorded. An energy-budget and wind-measuring station was located upstream to provide stability and inflow conditions. In general, the sonic anemometers were located in a horizontal plane around the building at a height of 2.6 m above the ground. However, at the upwind wind station, two levels of the wind were measured. The resulting database can be sampled to produce mean wind fields associated with specific wind directions such as 210degrees, 225degrees, and 240degrees. The data are available generally and should be useful for testing computational fluid dynamical models for flow around a building. An in-house Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach was used to compare with the mean wind fields for the predominant wind directions. The numerical model assumed neutral flow and included effects from a complex array of trees in the vicinity of the building. Two kinds of comparisons are presented: 1) direct experimental versus modeled vector comparisons and 2) a numerical metric approach that focuses on wind magnitude and direction errors. The numerical evaluation generally corroborates the vector-to-vector inspection, showing reasonable agreement for the mean wind fields around the building. However, regions with special challenges for the model were identified. In particular, recirculation regions were especially difficult for the model to capture correctly. In the 240degrees case, there is a tendency for the model to exaggerate the turning effect in the wind caused by the effect of the building. Two different kinds of simulations were performed: 1) predictive calculations with a reasonable but not high-fidelity representation of the building's architectural complexity and 2) postexperiment calculations in which a large number of architectural features were well represented. Although qualitative evidence from inspection of the angles of the vectors in key areas such as around the southeast corner of the building indicated an improvement from the higher-fidelity representation of the building, the general numerical evaluation indicated little difference in the quality of the two solutions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Calhoun, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, POB 876106, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM ronald.calhoun@asu.edu NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 696 EP 710 DI 10.1175/2067.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826JK UT WOS:000221825200004 ER PT J AU Dunaevsky, A Fisch, NJ AF Dunaevsky, A Fisch, NJ TI Measuring the plasma density of a ferroelectric plasma source in an expanding plasma SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOHM CRITERION; CATHODE; EMISSION; EXPANSION; BUNCH; SURFACE; VACUUM; DIODE AB The initial density and electron temperature at the surface of a ferroelectric plasma source were deduced from floating probe measurements in an expanding plasma. The method exploits negative charging of the floating probe capacitance by fast flows before the expanding plasma reaches the probe. The temporal profiles of the plasma density can be obtained from the voltage traces of the discharge of the charged probe capacitance by the ion current from the expanding plasma. The temporal profiles of the plasma density, at two different distances from the surface of the ferroelectric plasma source, could be further fitted by using the density profiles for the expanding plasma. This gives the initial values of the plasma density and electron temperature at the surface. The method could be useful for any pulsed discharge, which is accompanied by considerable electromagnetic noise, if the initial plasma parameters might be deduced from measurements in expanding plasma. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08536 USA. RP Dunaevsky, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08536 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 9 BP 4621 EP 4626 DI 10.1063/1.1690860 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 812YS UT WOS:000220875400012 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, H Ogi, H Kai, S Kim, S Hirao, M AF Ledbetter, H Ogi, H Kai, S Kim, S Hirao, M TI Elastic constants of body-centered-cubic titanium monocrystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURES; TRANSITION; STABILITY; METALS; PHASE; ZR AB We report estimates of body-centered-cubic titanium's monocrystal elastic constants C-11, C-12, and C-44. Two constants resulted from measuring a pure-titanium polycrystal at high temperatures using resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy. The third constant resulted from assuming a Zener elastic anisotropy and using inversely Kroner's monocrystal-polycrystal elastic-constant relationship. Our values are C-11=97.7, C-12=82.7, and C-44=37.5 GPa at 1000 degreesC. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ogi, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Machikaneyama 1-3, Osaka 5608531, Japan. EM ogi@me.es.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 9 BP 4642 EP 4644 DI 10.1063/1.1688445 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 812YS UT WOS:000220875400015 ER PT J AU He, DW Zhao, YS Daemen, LL Qian, J Lokshin, K Shen, TD Zhang, J Lawson, AC AF He, DW Zhao, YS Daemen, LL Qian, J Lokshin, K Shen, TD Zhang, J Lawson, AC TI Thermoelastic and texture behavior of aluminum at high pressure and high temperature investigated by in situ neutron diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSION; AL; GPA; COPPER; DEPENDENCE; TANTALUM; CRYSTAL; NACL AB The behavior of aluminum under high pressures and temperatures was investigated by in situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction with a developed Toroidal Anvil Press (TAP-98). The effect of the displacement of the center of diffraction, which is caused by sample movement during compression, is corrected by an additional calibration. Unit-cell dimensions, measured up to P=5.7 GPa and T=900 K, were derived from the refinement results and fitted to the high-temperature Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. With (partial derivativeK(T)/partial derivativeP)(T) fixed at 4, we obtained K-0=72.8(+/-2.4) GPa, (partial derivativeK(T)/partial derivativeT)(P)=-0.04(+/-0.01) GPa K-1, and alpha(T) (K-1)=3.7(+/-1.6)x10(-5)+9.7(+/-3.5)x10(-8)T. Our data are compared with previous experimental data involving shock wave, static compression, ultrasonic, and thermal-expansion measurements and with theoretical predictions. The results demonstrate that the newly developed high-pressure high-temperature system for in situ neutron diffraction is reliable. It was also found that the crystalline orientation of Al grains became highly preferred when the sample was heated to 900 K at similar to4 GPa. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dhe@princeton.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 9 BP 4645 EP 4650 DI 10.1063/1.1688460 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 812YS UT WOS:000220875400016 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Wang, CM Weber, WJ Engelhard, MH Saraf, LV AF Jiang, W Wang, CM Weber, WJ Engelhard, MH Saraf, LV TI Direct determination of volume changes in ion-beam-irradiated SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; DISORDER AB A single crystal 6H-SiC wafer was sequentially implanted in two areas at 873 and 295 K using 2.0 MeV Au2+ ions under off-axis conditions. Identical Au depth profiles, as a function of atomic areal density, were obtained for both irradiation temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and analytical electron microscopy were used to determine the one-dimensional expansion in the amorphous state produced at 295 K relative to that in the slightly damaged state produced at 873 K, based on the Au reference markers. In addition, the redshift of the plasmon-loss peak in the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to measure the local density changes. Comparison of the three methods indicates that the XPS and EELS methods were the most reliable, yielding a volume expansion of (11.5+/-2)% for the amorphous state in 6H-SiC at 295 K. The volume expansion in the slightly damaged state at 873 K was determined to be 0.9% by EELS. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 9 BP 4687 EP 4690 DI 10.1063/1.1690102 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 812YS UT WOS:000220875400023 ER PT J AU Ruden, PP Smith, DL AF Ruden, PP Smith, DL TI Theory of spin injection into conjugated organic semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We present a theoretical model to describe electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic contact into a conjugated organic semiconductor. In thermal equilibrium the magnetic contact is spin polarized, whereas the organic semiconductor is unpolarized. The organic semiconductor must be driven far out of local thermal equilibrium by an electric current to achieve significant spin current injection. However, if the injecting contact has metallic conductivity, its electron distribution cannot be driven far from thermal equilibrium by practical current densities. Thus, quasi-equilibration between the conjugated organic semiconductor and the metallic contact must be suppressed to achieve effective spin injection. This requires a spin-dependent barrier to electrical injection that may be due either to tunneling through the depletion region of a large Schottky barrier or to tunneling through a thin, insulating, interface layer. Schottky barrier formation on conjugated organic semiconductors differs from that on inorganic semiconductors inasmuch as contacts made to organic semiconductors often follow near-ideal Schottky behavior, thus permitting the energy barrier to electrical injection to be varied over a wide range by using metals with different work functions. In addition, insulating tunnel barriers to organic semiconductors based on organic molecules can be conveniently fabricated using self-assembly techniques. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ruden@ece.umn.edu RI Riminucci, Alberto/D-7525-2011 OI Riminucci, Alberto/0000-0003-0976-1810 NR 15 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 9 BP 4898 EP 4904 DI 10.1063/1.1689753 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 812YS UT WOS:000220875400056 ER PT J AU Kaplar, RJ Kurtz, SR Koleske, DD Fischer, AJ AF Kaplar, RJ Kurtz, SR Koleske, DD Fischer, AJ TI Electroreflectance studies of Stark shifts and polarization-induced electric fields in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PIEZOELECTRIC FIELDS; BAND-GAP; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE; EPILAYERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MICROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITIONS AB To observe the effects of polarization fields and screening, we have performed contacted electroreflectance (CER) measurements on In0.07Ga0.93N/GaN single quantum well light emitting diodes for different reverse bias voltages. Room-temperature CER spectra exhibited three features which are at lower energy than the GaN band gap and are associated with the quantum well. The position of the lowest-energy experimental peak, attributed to the ground-state quantum well transition, exhibited a limited Stark shift except at large reverse bias when a redshift in the peak energy was observed. Realistic band models of the quantum well samples were constructed using self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson solutions, taking polarization and screening effects in the quantum well fully into account. The model predicts an initial blueshift in transition energy as reverse bias voltage is increased, due to the cancellation of the polarization electric field by the depletion region field and the associated shift due to the quantum-confined Stark effect. A redshift is predicted to occur as the applied field is further increased past the flatband voltage. While the data and the model are in reasonable agreement for voltages past the flatband voltage, they disagree for smaller values of reverse bias, when charge is stored in the quantum well, and no blueshift is observed experimentally. To eliminate the blueshift and screen the electric field, we speculate that electrons in the quantum well are trapped in localized states. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjkapla@sandia.gov NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 9 BP 4905 EP 4913 DI 10.1063/1.1690100 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 812YS UT WOS:000220875400057 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Shutthanandan, V Zhang, Y Thomas, LE Baer, DR Thevuthasan, S Duscher, G AF Wang, CM Shutthanandan, V Zhang, Y Thomas, LE Baer, DR Thevuthasan, S Duscher, G TI Precipitation of Au nanoclusters in SrTiO3 by ion implantation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD NANOCLUSTERS; COLLOIDAL AU; FUSED-SILICA; MGO 100; NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACES; GROWTH; SIO2 AB Gold nanoclusters dispersed in single-crystal SrTiO3 (STO) (001) have been prepared by ion implantation at both 300 and 975 K followed by annealing at 1275 K for 10 h. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field imaging in an aberration-corrected dedicated scanning TEM, and image simulations were used to study the morphology, size, and crystallographic orientation of the Au nanoclusters with respect to the STO matrix, as well as the interface structure between the Au nanoclusters and STO. Gold ion implantation at 300 K leads to amorphization of the STO surface layer, which is corrugated to form bumps and valleys on the surface. Annealing at 1275 K for 10 h leads to epitaxial recrystallization of the amorphized layer within which Au clusters of several nanometers and a narrow size distribution were formed. Implantation at 975 K and subsequent annealing produces much larger Au clusters similar to50 nm in diameter and a very wide size distribution. The precipitated Au clusters possess an epitaxial orientation with the STO, such that Au[001]//STO[001] and Au(100)//STO(100). The critical cluster size for transition from strain-matched interfaces to dislocation relaxed interfaces has been found to be similar to7 nm. Cavities formed by condensation of vacancies were faceted along {001} and {011} planes in the STO matrix. It is generally inferred that implantation below a critical temperature may lead to a finer Au cluster size. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongmin.wang@pnl.gov RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 9 BP 5060 EP 5068 DI 10.1063/1.1691187 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 812YS UT WOS:000220875400084 ER PT J AU Steinwart, I AF Steinwart, I TI Entropy of convex hulls - some Lorentz norm results SO JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE entropy numbers; convex hulls ID METRIC ENTROPY; HILBERT-SPACES; BANACH-SPACES; OPERATORS AB Let A be a subset of a type p Banach space E, 1 < p less than or equal to 2, such that its entropy numbers satisfy (epsilon(n) (A))(n) is an element of l(q,s) for some q, s is an element of (0, infinity). We show (e(n) (aco A))(n) is an element ofl(r,s) for the dyadic entropy numbers of the absolutely convex hull aco A of A, where r is defined by 1/r = 1/p' + 1/q. Furthermore, we show for slowly decreasing entropy numbers that (e(n)(A))(n)is an element ofl(q,s) implies (e(n) (aco A))(n) is an element ofl(p',s) for all 0 < s < infinity and q defined by 1/q = 1/p' + 1/s. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS-3,Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ingo@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9045 J9 J APPROX THEORY JI J. Approx. Theory PD MAY PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jat.2004.04.001 PG 11 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 830BE UT WOS:000222095800002 ER PT J AU Au, A Polotsky, A Krzyminski, K Gutowska, A Hungerford, DS Frondoza, CG AF Au, A Polotsky, A Krzyminski, K Gutowska, A Hungerford, DS Frondoza, CG TI Evaluation of thermoreversible polymers containing fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9) for chondrocyte culture SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE chondrocytes; thermoreversible polymer; tissue engineering; growth factors; scaffold ID FIBROBLAST-GROWTH-FACTOR; SYNOVIAL CHONDROMATOSIS; EXPRESSION; PROLIFERATION; RECEPTOR-3; FACTOR-9; HEPARIN AB We previously evaluated a thermoreversible polymer gel composed of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid as a cell culture substrate and cell-delivery vehicle. The copolymer promoted phenotype expression and amplification of chondrocytes. In this study, we determined whether addition of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF-9), which is mitogenic for chondrocytes, would further enhance cell proliferation and phenotype expression in the polymer. We tested the hypothesis that the thermoreversible polymer containing FGF-9 would promote increased chondrocyte proliferation and phenotype expression. Articular chondrocytes (1 X 10(5)/150 muL) were plated onto control (without gel) and gel containing 24-well plates. The gels were prepared in media alone or in media containing heparin (100 mug/mL) and FGF-9 (5 mug/mL). The cultures were incubated at 37degreesC in 5% CO2 for 3 days. Cells remained viable in the thermoreversible polymer in the presence or absence of FGF-9. Addition of FGF-9 to the copolymer did not induce proliferation and the cell numbers did not increase. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-determined expression of chondrocyte markers collagen type II and aggrecan. FGF-9 did not enhance chondrocyte proliferation nor alter the phenotype after 3 days in culture. These findings suggest the poly(NiPA-co-AAc) gel alone may provide the optimal 3D environment for propagation of chondrocytes. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Frondoza, CG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 5601 Loch Raven Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM cgfrondo@jhmi.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 69A IS 2 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.20132 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 812ST UT WOS:000220859900019 PM 15058010 ER PT J AU Culha, M Stokes, DL Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T AF Culha, M Stokes, DL Griffin, GD Vo-Dinh, T TI Screening for the breast cancer gene (BRCA1) using a biochip system and molecular beacon probes immobilized on solid surfaces SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE biochip; molecular beacon; BRCA1; detection; fluorescence ID HYBRIDIZATION; ALLELES AB We describe the use of a biochip based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology for detection of specific genetic sequences using molecular beacons (MB) immobilized on solid surfaces as probes. The applicability of this miniature detection system for screening for the BRCA1 gene is evaluated using MB probes, designed especially for the BRCA1 gene. MB probes are immobilized on a zeta-probe membrane by biotin-streptavidin immobilization. Two immobilization strategies are investigated to obtain optimal assay sensitivity. The MB is immobilized by manual spotting on zeta-probe membrane surfaces with the use of a custom-made stamping system. The detection of the BRCA1 gene using an MB probe is successfully demonstrated and expands the use of the CMOS biochip for medical applications. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Biomed Sci & Technol Grp, Bethel Valley Rd,MS6101,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vodinht@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1117/1.1691025 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 819GZ UT WOS:000221304400003 PM 15189080 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Gonzalez, R Deschamps, T Idica, A Malladi, R de Solorzano, CO AF Fernandez-Gonzalez, R Deschamps, T Idica, A Malladi, R de Solorzano, CO TI Automatic segmentation of histological structure in mammary gland tissue sections SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on 3-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy - Image Acquisition and Processing X CY JAN 28-29, 2003 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE breast cancer; molecular analysis; automatic segmentation; 3-D reconstruction; fast-marching; level set ID 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; SYSTEMS; BREAST AB Real-time three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of epithelial structures in human mammary gland tissue blocks mapped with selected markers would be an extremely helpful tool for diagnosing breast cancer and planning treatment. Besides its clear clinical application, this tool could also shed a great deal of light on the molecular basis of the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We present a framework for real-time segmentation of epithelial structures in two-dimensional (2-D) images of sections of normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissue blocks. Complete 3-D rendering of the tissue can then be done by surface rendering of the structures detected in consecutive sections of the blocks. Paraffin-em bedded or frozen tissue blocks are first sliced and sections are stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The sections are then imaged using conventional bright-field microscopy and their background corrected using a phantom image. We then use the fast-marching algorithm to roughly extract the contours of the different morphological structures in the images. The result is then refined with the level-set method, which converges to an accurate (subpixel) solution for the segmentation problem. Finally, our system stacks together the 2-D results obtained in order to reconstruct a 3-D representation of the entire tissue block under study. Our method is illustrated with results from the segmentation of human and mouse mammary gland tissue samples. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instru-mentation Engineers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, San Francisco Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Fernandez-Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1,Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 84,MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RFGonzalez@lbl.gov RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/F-6145-2012 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205; NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1117/1.1699011 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 819GZ UT WOS:000221304400004 PM 15189081 ER PT J AU Demos, SG Gandour-Edwards, R Ramsamooj, R White, RD AF Demos, SG Gandour-Edwards, R Ramsamooj, R White, RD TI Near-infrared autofluorescence imaging for detection of cancer SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE near-infrared; cancer; autoflouorescence ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PORPHYRIA; TISSUE; DIAGNOSIS; TUMORS AB Near-infrared autofluorescence imaging of tissues under long-wavelength laser excitation in the green and red spectral region complemented by cross-polarized elastic light scattering was explored for cancer detection. Various types of normal and malignant human tissue samples were utilized in this investigation. A set of images for, each tissue sample was recorded that consisted of two autofluorescence images obtained under 532- and 632.8-nm excitation and light-scattering images obtained under linearly polarized illumination at 700, 850, and 1000 nm. These images were compared with the histopathology of the tissue sample. The experimental results indicated that for various tissue types, the intensity of the autofluorescence integrated over the 700 to 1000-nm spectral region was considerably different in cancer tissues than in that of the contiguous nonneoplastic tissues. This difference provided the basis for the detection of cancer and delineation of the tumor margins. Variations on the relative intensity were observed among different tissue types and excitation wavelengths. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-411, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM demos1@llnl.gov NR 29 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 3 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.1117/1.1688812 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 819GZ UT WOS:000221304400020 PM 15189097 ER PT J AU Peters, B Heyden, A Bell, AT Chakraborty, A AF Peters, B Heyden, A Bell, AT Chakraborty, A TI A growing string method for determining transition states: Comparison to the nudged elastic band and string methods SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ALANINE DIPEPTIDE; SADDLE-POINTS; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MEAN FORCE; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; BARRIERS; ADSORPTION AB Interpolation methods such as the nudged elastic band and string methods are widely used for calculating minimum energy pathways and transition states for chemical reactions. Both methods require an initial guess for the reaction pathway. A poorly chosen initial guess can cause slow convergence, convergence to an incorrect pathway, or even failed electronic structure force calculations along the guessed pathway. This paper presents a growing string method that can find minimum energy pathways and transition states without the requirement of an initial guess for the pathway. The growing string begins as two string fragments, one associated with the reactants and the other with the products. Each string fragment is grown separately until the fragments converge. Once the two fragments join, the full string moves toward the minimum energy pathway according to the algorithm for the string method. This paper compares the growing string method to the string method and to the nudged elastic band method using the alanine dipeptide rearrangement as an example. In this example, for which the linearly interpolated guess is far from the minimum energy pathway, the growing string method finds the saddle point with significantly fewer electronic structure force calculations than the string method or the nudged elastic band method. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hamburg Univ Technol, Dept Chem Engn, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci & Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chakraborty, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM arup@uclink.berkeley.edu OI Heyden, Andreas/0000-0002-4939-7489; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 36 TC 170 Z9 171 U1 6 U2 57 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 17 BP 7877 EP 7886 DI 10.1063/1.1691018 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 816BD UT WOS:000221084500005 PM 15267702 ER PT J AU Hoops, AA Gascooke, JR Faulhaber, AE Kautzman, KE Neumark, DM AF Hoops, AA Gascooke, JR Faulhaber, AE Kautzman, KE Neumark, DM TI Two- and three-body photodissociation of gas phase I-3(-) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ULTRAFAST PHOTODISSOCIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TRIIODIDE ION; FAST BEAM; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA AB The photodissociation dynamics of I-3(-) from 390 to 290 nm (3.18 to 4.28 eV) have been investigated using fast beam photofragment translational spectroscopy in which the products are detected and analyzed with coincidence imaging. At photon energies less than or equal to3.87 eV, two-body dissociation that generates I- + I-2 (A (3)Pi(1u)) and vibrationally excited I-2(-) (X(2)Sigma(u)(+))+I(P-2(3/2)) is observed, while at energies greater than or equal to3.87 eV, I*(P-2(1/2)) +I-2(-) (X(2)Sigma(u)(+)) is the primary two-body dissociation channel. In addition, three-body dissociation yielding I- + 2 I(P-2(3/2)) photofragments is seen throughout the energy range probed; this is the dominant channel at all but the lowest photon energy. Analysis of the three-body dissociation events indicates that this channel results primarily from a synchronous concerted decay mechanism. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dan@radon.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Gascooke, Jason/0000-0002-3236-2247 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 17 BP 7901 EP 7909 DI 10.1063/1.1691017 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 816BD UT WOS:000221084500008 PM 15267705 ER PT J AU Ferris, MM Yan, XM Habbersett, RC Shou, YL Lemanski, CL Jett, JH Yoshida, TM Marrone, BL AF Ferris, MM Yan, XM Habbersett, RC Shou, YL Lemanski, CL Jett, JH Yoshida, TM Marrone, BL TI Performance assessment of DNA fragment sizing by high-sensitivity flow cytometry and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEQUENCING FRAGMENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENTROPIC TRAP; UNITED-STATES; SEPARATION; OPTIMIZATION; STRAINS AB The sizing of restriction fragments is the chief analytical technique utilized in the production of DNA fingerprints. Few techniques have been able to compete with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which is capable of discriminating among bacteria at species and strain levels by resolving restriction fragments. However, an ultrasensitive flow cytometer (FCM) developed in our lab has also demonstrated the ability to discriminate bacteria at species and strain levels. The abilities of FCM warrant a quantitative parallel comparison with PFGE to assess and evaluate the accuracy and precision of DNA fragment sizing by both techniques. Replicate samples of Staphylococcus aureus Mu50 were analyzed along with two clinical S. aureus isolates. The absolute fragment sizing accuracy was determined for PFGE (5% +/- 2%) and FCM (4% +/- 4%), with sequence-predicted Mu50 SmaI fragment sizes used as a reference. Precision was determined by simple arithmetic methods (relative standard deviation for PFGE [RSDPFGE] = 3% +/- 2% and RSDFCM = 1.2% +/- 0.8%) as well as by the use of dendrograms derived from Dice coefficient-unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and Pearson-UPGMA analyses. All quantitative measures of PFGE and FCM precision were equivalent, within error. The precision of both methods was not limited by any single sample preparation or analysis step that was tracked in this study. Additionally, we determined that the curve-based clustering of fingerprint data provided a more informative and useful assessment than did traditional band-based methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marrone, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM blm@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001315, RR-01315] NR 51 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1965 EP 1976 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.5.1965-1976.2004 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 820XU UT WOS:000221424100016 PM 15131156 ER PT J AU Campos, I Davenport, JW AF Campos, I Davenport, JW TI Numerical investigation of the 3D Hubbard model on a Linux cluster SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DIAGRAM; QUANTUM AB We investigate numerically the magnetic properties of the 3D Isotropic and Anisotropic Hubbard model at half-filling on a Linux cluster. The behavior of the transition temperature as a function of the anisotropic hopping parameter is qualitatively described. In the Isotropic model we measure the scaling properties of the susceptibility finding agreement with the magnetic critical exponents of the 3D Heisenberg model. We describe several particularities concerning the implementation of our simulation in a cluster of personal computers paying special attention to the issues related with the parallelization of the algorithm. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Campos, I (reprint author), Leibniz Rechenzentrum, High Performance Grp, Barer Str 21, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM isabel.campos@lrz.muenchen.de OI Campos Plasencia, Isabel/0000-0002-9350-0383 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 196 IS 1 BP 88 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.10.020 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 816EJ UT WOS:000221092900005 ER PT J AU Greenough, JA Rider, WJ AF Greenough, JA Rider, WJ TI A quantitative comparison of numerical methods for the compressible Euler equations: fifth-order WENO and piecewise-linear Godunov SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; ESSENTIALLY NONOSCILLATORY SCHEMES; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; UPWIND METHODS; APPROXIMATIONS; PROPAGATION; SMOOTHNESS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; REGIONS AB A numerical study is undertaken comparing a fifth-order version of the weighted essentially non-oscillatory numerical (WENO5) method to a modern piecewise-linear, second-order, version of Godunov's (PLMDE) method for the compressible Euler equations. A series of one-dimensional test problems are examined beginning with classical linear problems and ending with complex shock interactions. The problems considered are: (1) linear advection of a Gaussian pulse in density, (2) Sod's shock tube problem, (3) the "peak" shock tube problem, (4) a version of the Shu and Osher shock entropy wave interaction and (5) the Woodward and Colella interacting shock wave problem. For each problem and method, run times, density error norms and convergence rates are reported for each method as produced from a common code test-bed. The linear problem exhibits the advertised convergence rate for both methods as well as the expected large disparity in overall error levels; WENO5 has the smaller errors and an enormous advantage in overall efficiency (in accuracy per unit CPU time). For the nonlinear problems with discontinuities, however, we generally see both first-order self-convergence of error as compared to an exact solution, or when an analytic solution is not available, a converged solution generated on an extremely fine grid. The overall comparison of error levels shows some variation from problem to problem. For Sod's shock tube, PLMDE has nearly half the error, while on the peak problem the errors are nearly the same. For the interacting blast wave problem the two methods again produce a similar level of error with a slight edge for the PLMDE. On the other hand, for the Shu-Osher problem, the errors are similar on the coarser grids, but favors WENO by a factor of nearly 1.5 on the finer grids used. In all cases holding mesh resolution constant though, PLMDE is less costly in terms of CPU time by approximately a factor of 6. If the CPU cost is taken as fixed, that is run times are equal for both numerical methods, then PLMDE uniformly produces lower errors than WENO for the fixed computation cost on the test problems considered here. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, MS L-031, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM greenough1@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 196 IS 1 BP 259 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.11.002 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 816EJ UT WOS:000221092900013 ER PT J AU DeWald, AT Rankin, JE Hill, MR Schaffers, KI AF DeWald, AT Rankin, JE Hill, MR Schaffers, KI TI An improved cutting plan for removing laser amplifier slabs from Yb : S-FAP single crystals using residual stress measurement and finite element modeling SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE computer simulation; fracture; residual stress iimeasurement; slitting method; stresses; solid state lasers ID GLASS AB This paper presents a measurement of the bulk residual stress distribution in a large single crystal boule and examines the residual stress redistribution during sectioning required to produce laser amplifier slabs. Experiments are currently under way to develop high-efficiency, diode-pumped laser systems that use Sr-5(PO4)(3)F crystals doped with Yb3+ ions (called Yb:S-FAP) as the amplifying medium. The progress has been protracted since the cylindrical crystal boules have experienced an extremely high rate of fracture when they are cut to form rectangular amplifier slabs. It was hypothesized that fracture was caused by residual stresses acting in the presence of small chip-like defects generated by the cutting process. Attempts were made to measure the residual stress using X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, ultrasound, photo-elasticity, and the slitting method (also called crack compliance). The latter method turned out to be the most effective technique and it is presented here in detail. The measured residual stress field in the crystal bottle closely resembled the result expected from a thermal process, with a maximum tensile stress of 50 MPa at the center of the crystal. Additionally, the experimental residual stresses were applied to a finite element model of the boule and various cutting plans were simulated to try and minimize the stresses acting along the edges of the cut. It was determined that a cut front only one side of the crystal boule and slightly off the central axis significantly reduced the stresses from the original cutting plan which used a two-sided cut through the center of the crystal. The modeling results showed that the maximum principal stress at the cut tip was reduced by 40% with the one-sided, off-center cutting plan, which would significantly reduce propensity for fracture during cutting. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hill, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM atdewald@ucdavis.edu RI Hill, Michael/A-2525-2016 OI Hill, Michael/0000-0002-9168-211X NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 265 IS 3-4 BP 627 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.02.076 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 817VN UT WOS:000221205100040 ER PT J AU Ogasawara, H Fukui, K Matsubara, M AF Ogasawara, H Fukui, K Matsubara, M TI Polarization dependence of X-ray emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE polarized X-ray; X-ray emission spectroscopy; magnetic circular dichroism ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; L EDGE; SPECTRA; GEOMETRY; SYSTEMS AB The polarization dependence of X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is studied on the angle dependence of incident and emitted X-ray. The Kramers-Heisenberg formula is employed to describe the optical process. It is shown that the quantum mechanical interference effect is directly observable in magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra in a special geometrical configuration. It is also shown that by making use of the linearly polarized X-ray, information on the symmetry of ground states of materials is directly determinable from simple selection rules. Potential possibilities of X-ray spectrum with a polarized photon are demonstrated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Phys Res Div, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Inst Phys & Chim Mat Strasbourg, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. RP Ogasawara, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, ISSP, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. EM haruhiko@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.143 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 826ZR UT WOS:000221868500019 ER PT J AU Sauer, NN Ehler, DS Duran, BL AF Sauer, NN Ehler, DS Duran, BL TI Lead extraction from contaminated soil using water-soluble polymers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE lead; soil pollution; polymers; soil treatment; heavy metals ID EDTA COMPLEXES; REMEDIATION; RECOVERY; REMOVAL; BATCH AB The applicability of water-soluble polymers as extractants for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils has been explored using a lead-contaminated Superfund soil as a sample system. Polyethylenimine (PEI) was functionalized with bromo- or chloroacetic acid to give an aminocarboxylate chelating group, which effectively binds lead. The resulting polymer, PEIC, has extraction properties similar to the molecular chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. A series of studies was done to probe optimum conditions for lead extraction from soils obtained from the Cal-West Superfund site in New Mexico that contained approximately 10,000 ppm of Pb. In batch extraction experiments using polymer functionalized at two different levels, the polymers removed greater than 97% of the lead from the soils. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the selective extraction of lead could be controlled by varying polymer functionalization levels. Concentration and regeneration of the polymers using ultrafiltration was also demonstrated. Release of lead from the polymer was accomplished by acidification to pH 1 with HCl. Subsequent ultratiltration allowed recovery of the extractant polymer for reuse. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sauer, NN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2004 VL 130 IS 5 BP 585 EP 588 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:5(585) PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 814MU UT WOS:000220979600012 ER PT J AU Sohn, MD McKone, TE Blancato, JN AF Sohn, MD McKone, TE Blancato, JN TI Reconstructing population exposures from dose biomarkers: inhalation of trichloroethylene (TCE) as a case study SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment; biomarkers; PBPK modeling; Bayesian inference ID BODY BURDEN; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNCERTAINTY; CHLOROFORM; INFORMATION; BREATH; TOXICOKINETICS; VARIABILITY; WATER AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a well-established toxicological tool designed to relate exposure to a target tissue dose. The emergence of federal and state programs for environmental health tracking and the availability of exposure monitoring through biomarkers creates the opportunity to apply PBPK models to estimate exposures to environmental contaminants from urine, blood, and tissue samples. However, reconstructing exposures for large populations is complicated by often having too few biomarker samples, large uncertainties about exposures, and large interindividual variability. In this paper, we use an illustrative case study to identify some of these difficulties, and for a process for confronting them by reconstructing population-scale exposures using Bayesian inference. The application consists of interpreting biomarker data from eight adult males with controlled exposures to trichloroethylene (TCE) as if the biomarkers were random samples from a large population with unknown exposure conditions. The TCE concentrations in blood from the individuals fell into two distinctly different groups even though the individuals were simultaneously in a single exposure chamber. We successfully reconstructed the exposure scenarios for both subgroups - although the reconstruction of one subgroup is different than what is believed to be the true experimental conditions. We were however unable to predict with high certainty the concentration of TCE in air. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Sohn, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdsohn@lbl.gov OI Blancato, Jerry/0000-0002-7023-5767 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500314 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 820IS UT WOS:000221382200002 PM 15141149 ER PT J AU McCreery, GE McEligot, DM AF McCreery, GE McEligot, DM TI Transition to meandering rivulet flow in vertical parallel-plate channels SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McCreery, GE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3 BP 498 EP 499 DI 10.1115/1.1760548 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 839SW UT WOS:000222806200027 ER PT J AU Grumet, NS Abram, NJ Beck, JW Dunbar, RB Gagan, MK Guilderson, TP Hantoro, WS Suwargadi, BW AF Grumet, NS Abram, NJ Beck, JW Dunbar, RB Gagan, MK Guilderson, TP Hantoro, WS Suwargadi, BW TI Coral radiocarbon records of Indian Ocean water mass mixing and wind-induced upwelling along the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE radiocarbon; corals; Indian Ocean ID SOUTH JAVA CURRENT; BOMB RADIOCARBON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BANDED CORALS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ZONAL MODE; TIME-SCALE AB [1] Radiocarbon (C-14) in the skeletal aragonite of annually banded corals track radiocarbon concentrations in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface seawater. As a result of nuclear weapons testing in the 1950s, oceanic uptake of excess C-14 in the atmosphere has increased the contrast between surface and deep ocean C-14 concentrations. We present accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) measurements of C-14/C-12 ratios (Delta(14)C) in Porites corals from the Mentawai Islands, Sumatra (0degreesS, 98degreesE) and Watamu, Kenya (3degreesS, 39degreesE) to document the temporal and spatial evolution of the C-14 zonal gradient in the tropical Indian Ocean. The rise in Delta(14)C in the Sumatra coral, in response to the maximum in nuclear weapons testing, is delayed by 2-3 years relative to the rise in coral Delta(14)C from the coast of Kenya. Kenya coral Delta(14)C values rise quickly because surface waters are in prolonged contact with the atmosphere. In contrast, wind-induced upwelling and rapid mixing along the coast of Sumatra entrains C-14-depleted water from the subsurface, which dilutes the effect of the uptake of bomb-produced C-14 by the surface ocean. Bimonthly AMS Delta(14)C measurements on the Mentawai coral reveal mainly interannual variability with minor seasonal variability. Singular spectrum analysis of the Sumatra coral Delta(14)C record reveals a significant 3-year periodicity. These results lend support to the concept that interannual variability in Indian Ocean upwelling and sea surface temperatures is related to ENSO-like teleconnections over the Indo-Pacific basin. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Natl Sci Fdn, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facil, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Indonesian Inst Sci, Res & Dev Ctr Geotechnol, Bandung 40135, Indonesia. RP Grumet, NS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ngrumet@leland.stanford.edu NR 83 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C5 AR C05003 DI 10.1029/2003JC002087 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 819OX UT WOS:000221325600003 ER PT J AU Klamroth, K Tind, J Zust, S AF Klamroth, K Tind, J Zust, S TI Integer programming duality in multiple objective programming SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE duality; multiple objective integer programming; utility functions ID REFERENCE POINT APPROACH; OPTIMIZATION AB The weighted sums approach for linear and convex multiple criteria optimization is well studied. The weights determine a linear function of the criteria approximating a decision makers overall utility. Any efficient solution may be found in this way. This is not the case for multiple criteria integer programming. However, in this case one may apply the more general e-constraint approach, resulting in particular single-criteria integer programming problems to generate efficient solutions. We show how this approach implies a more general, composite utility function of the criteria yielding a unified treatment of multiple criteria optimization with and without integrality constraints. Moreover, any efficient solution can be found using appropriate composite functions. The functions may be generated by the classical solution methods such as cutting plane and branch and bound algorithms. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Inst Math Sci, Dept Stat & Operat Res, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klamroth, K (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Inst Math Sci, Dept Stat & Operat Res, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM tind@math.ku.dk NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5001 J9 J GLOBAL OPTIM JI J. Glob. Optim. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1023/B:JOGO.0000035000.06101.07 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 837ZC UT WOS:000222679200001 ER PT J AU Bousso, R AF Bousso, R TI Flat space physics from holography SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE M-theory; m(atrix) theories; models of quantum gravity; black holes ID BLACK-HOLES; SECOND LAW; ENTROPY AB We point out that aspects of quantum mechanics can be derived from the holographic principle, using only a perturbative limit of classical general relativity. In flat space, the covariant entropy bound reduces to the Bekenstein bound. The latter does not contain Newton's constant and cannot operate via gravitational backreaction. Instead, it is protected by - and in this sense, predicts - the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bousso, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bousso@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 5 AR 050 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 840AG UT WOS:000222828800050 ER PT J AU Dabholkar, A Iqubal, A Raeymaekers, J AF Dabholkar, A Iqubal, A Raeymaekers, J TI Off-shell interactions for closed-string tachyons SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstrings and heterotic strings; tachyon condensation ID EXPLICIT SPONTANEOUS BREAKDOWN; SUPERSTRING FIELD-THEORY; BLACK-HOLE ENTROPY; DUAL MODEL; ORBIFOLDS; CONDENSATION; GEOMETRY; FREEDOM AB Off-shell interactions for localized closed-string tachyons in C/Z(N) superstring backgrounds are analyzed and a conjecture for the effective height of the tachyon potential is elaborated. At large-N, some of the relevant tachyons are nearly massless and their interactions can be deduced from the S-matrix. The cubic interactions between these tachyons and the massless fields are computed in a closed form using orbifold CFT techniques. The cubic interaction between nearly-massless tachyons with different charges is shown to vanish and thus condensation of one tachyon does not source the others. It is shown that to leading order in N, the quartic contact interaction vanishes and the massless exchanges completely account for the four point scattering amplitude. This indicates that it is necessary to go beyond quartic interactions or to include other fields to test the conjecture for the height of the tachyon potential. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Phys, Seoul 130722, South Korea. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Theoret Phys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dabholkar, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM atish@stanford.edu; iqubal@tifr.res.in; joris@kias.re.kr RI Raeymaekers, Joris/D-9443-2013 NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 5 AR 051 PG 32 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 840AG UT WOS:000222828800051 ER PT J AU Davoudiasl, H Hewett, JL Lillie, B Rizzo, TG AF Davoudiasl, H Hewett, JL Lillie, B Rizzo, TG TI Warped higgsless models with IR-brane kinetic terms SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extra large dimensions; beyond Standard Model AB We examine a warped higgsless SU(2)(L) x SU(2)(R) X U(1)(B-L) model in 5-d with IR(TeV)-brane kinetic terms. It is shown that adding a brane term for the U(1)(B-L) gauge field does not affect the scale (similar to2-3 TeV) where perturbative unitarity in WL+WL--->WL+WL- is violated. This term could, however, enhance the agreement of the model with the precision electroweak data. In contrast, the inclusion of a kinetic term corresponding to the SU(2)(D) custodial symmetry of the theory delays the unitarity violation in W-L(+/-) scattering to energy scales of similar to6-7 TeV for a significant fraction of the parameter space. This is about a factor of 4 improvement compared to the corresponding scale of unitarity violation in the Standard Model without a Higgs. We also show that null searches for extra gauge bosons at the Tevatron and for contact interactions at LEP II place non-trivial bounds on the size of the IR-brane terms. C1 Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Davoudiasl, H (reprint author), Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hooman@ias.edu; hewett@slac.stanford.edu; lillieb@slac.stanford.edu; rizzo@slac.stanford.edu NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 5 AR 015 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 840AG UT WOS:000222828800015 ER PT J AU DeWolfe, O Verlinde, H Kachru, S AF DeWolfe, O Verlinde, H Kachru, S TI The giant inflaton SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstring vacua; physics of the early universe ID CALABI-YAU; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; STRING THEORY; FIELD-THEORY; COMPACTIFICATIONS; FLATNESS; HORIZON AB We investigate a new mechanism for realizing slow roll inflation in string theory, based on the dynamics of p anti-D3 branes in a class of mildly warped flux compactifications. Attracted to the bottom of a warped conifold throat, the anti-branes then cluster due to a novel mechanism wherein the background flux polarizes in an attempt to screen them. Once they are sufficiently close, the M units of flux cause the anti-branes to expand into a fuzzy NS5-brane, which for rather generic choices of p/M will unwrap around the geometry, decaying into D3-branes via a classical process. We find that the effective potential governing this evolution possesses several epochs that can potentially support slow-roll inflation, provided the process can be arranged to take place at a high enough energy scale, of about one or two orders of magnitude below the Planck energy; this scale, however, ties just outside the bounds of our approximations. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM odewolfe@princeton.edu; verlinde@feynman.princeton.edu; skachru@leland.stanford.edu NR 45 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 5 AR 017 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 840AG UT WOS:000222828800017 ER PT J AU Ellis, J Karliner, M Praszalowicz, M AF Ellis, J Karliner, M Praszalowicz, M TI Chiral-soliton predictions for exotic baryons SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE solitons monopoles and instantons; 1/N expansion; QCD; chiral Lagrangians ID LARGE N-C; SKYRME MODEL; PENTAQUARK STATES; THETA(+); QUARK; QUANTIZATION; RESONANCE; NUCLEON; MASSES; QCD AB We re-analyze the predictions of chiral-soliton models for the masses and decay widths of baryons in the exotic antidecuplet of flavour SU(3). The calculated ranges of the chiral-soliton moment of inertia and the pi-nucleon scattering Sigma(pi)N term are used together with the observed baryon octet and decuplet mass splittings to estimate 1430MeV < m(Theta+) < 1660 MeV and 1790 MeV < m(Xi--) < 1970 MeV. These are consistent with the masses reported recently, but more precise predictions rely on ambiguous identifications of non-exotic baryon resonances. The overall decay rates of antidecuplet states are sensitive to the singlet axial-current matrix element in the nucleon. Taking this from polarized deep-inelastic scattering experiments, we find a suppression of the total Theta(+) and Xi(--) decay widths that may not be sufficient by itself to reproduce the narrow widths required by experiments. We calculate SU(3) breaking effects due to representation mixing and find that they tend to suppress the Theta(--) decay width, while enhancing that of the Xi(--). We predict light masses for some exotic 27 baryons, including the I=1, J(P)=3/2(+) Theta(+) and I=3/2, J(P)=3/2(+) Xi multiplets, and calculate their decay widths. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. RP Ellis, J (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM john.ellis@cern.ch; marek@proton.tau.ac.il; michal@quark.phy.bnl.gov RI Praszalowicz, Michal/F-1912-2016 NR 106 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 5 AR 002 PG 33 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 840AG UT WOS:000222828800002 ER PT J AU Kofman, L Linde, A Liu, X Maloney, A McAllister, L Silverstein, E AF Kofman, L Linde, A Liu, X Maloney, A McAllister, L Silverstein, E TI Beauty is attractive: moduli trapping at enhanced symmetry points SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superstring vacua; gauge symmetry ID STRING THEORY; INFLATION; COSMOLOGY; DYNAMICS; DUALITY; BRANES AB We study quantum effects on moduli dynamics arising from the production of particles which are light at special points in moduli space. The resulting forces trap the moduli at these points, which often exhibit enhanced symmetry. Moduli trapping occurs in time-dependent quantum field theory, as well as in systems of moving D-branes, where it leads the branes to combine into stacks. Trapping also occurs in an expanding universe, though the range over which the moduli can roll is limited by Hubble friction. We observe that a scalar field trapped on a steep potential can induce a stage of acceleration of the universe, which we call trapped inflation. Moduli trapping ameliorates the cosmological moduli problem and may affect vacuum selection. In particular, rolling moduli are most powerfully attracted to the points with the largest number of light particles, which are often the points of greatest symmetry. Given suitable assumptions about the dynamics of the very early universe, this effect might help to explain why among the plethora of possible vacuum states of string theory, we appear to live in one with a large number of light particles and (spontaneously broken) symmetries. In other words, some of the surprising properties of our world might arise not through pure chance or miraculous cancellations, but through a natural selection mechanism during dynamical evolution. C1 Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. EM kofman@cita.utoronto.ca; alinde@stanford.edu; liuxiao@stanford.edu; maloney@itp.stanford.edu; lpm@itp.stanford.edu; evas@slac.stanford.edu NR 61 TC 160 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 5 AR 030 PG 41 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 840AG UT WOS:000222828800030 ER PT J AU Mrenna, S Richardson, P AF Mrenna, S Richardson, P TI Matching matrix elements and parton showers with HERWIG and PYTHIA SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD; jets ID LUND MONTE-CARLO; BOSON PRODUCTION; RADIATION; PHYSICS; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHMS; COLLISIONS; MODEL AB We report on our exploration of matching matrix element calculations with the parton-shower models contained in the event generators HERWIG and PYTHIA. We describe results for e(+)e(-) collisions and for the hadroproduction of W bosons and Drell-Yan pairs. We compare methods based on (1) a strict implementation of ideas proposed by Catani et at., (2) a generalization based on using the internal Sudakov form factors of HERWIG and PYTHIA, and (3) a simpler proposal of M. Mangano. Where appropriate, we show the dependence on various choices of scales and clustering that do not affect the soft and collinear limits of the predictions, but have phenomenological implications. Finally, we comment on how to use these results to state systematic errors on the theoretical predictions. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mrenna, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theory, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mrenna@fnal.gov; Peter.Richardson@cern.ch NR 41 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 5 AR 040 PG 48 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 840AG UT WOS:000222828800040 ER PT J AU Sugihara, T AF Sugihara, T TI Density matrix renormalization group in a two-dimensional lambda phi(4) hamiltonian lattice model SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE renormalization group; field theories in lower dimensions; spontaneous symmetry breaking; lattice gauge field theories ID 2ND-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITION; LIGHT-CONE; THERMODYNAMICS; FORMULATION; CHAIN AB Density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is applied to a (1+1)-dimensional lambdaphi(4) model. Spontaneous breakdown of discrete Z(2) symmetry is studied numerically using vacuum wavefunctions. We obtain the critical coupling (lambda/mu(2))(c)=59.89+/-0.01 and the critical exponent beta=0.1264+/-0.0073, which are consistent with the Monte Carlo and the exact results, respectively. The results are based on extrapolation to the continuum limit with lattice sizes L=250,500, and 1000. We show that the lattice size L=500 is sufficiently close to the the limit L-->infinity. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sugihara, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sugihara@bnl.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 IS 5 AR 007 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/05/007 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 840AG UT WOS:000222828800007 ER PT J AU Gurarie, V Tsvelik, AM AF Gurarie, V Tsvelik, AM TI A superconductor-insulator transition in a one-dimensional array of Josephson junctions SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE superconductor-insulator; Josephson junctions; sine-Gordon model ID QUANTUM PHASE; SCALE AB We consider a one-dimensional Josephson junction array, in the regime where the junction charging energy is much greater than the charging energy of the superconducting islands. In this regime we critically reexamine the continuum limit description and establish the relationship between parameters of the array and the ones of the resulting sine-Gordon model. The later model is formulated in terms of quasi-charge. We argue that despite arguments to the contrary in the literature, such quasi-charge sine-Gordon description remains valid in the vicinity of the phase transition between the insulating and the superconducting phases. We also discuss the effects of random background charges, which are always present in experimental realizations of such arrays. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gurarie, V (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. EM gurarie@thphys.ox.ac.uk NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 135 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 255 DI 10.1023/B:JOLT.0000024551.89513.f8 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 813TB UT WOS:000220928300004 ER PT J AU Hu, DH Micic, M Klymyshyn, N Suh, YD Lu, HP AF Hu, DH Micic, M Klymyshyn, N Suh, YD Lu, HP TI Correlated topographic and spectroscopic imaging by combined atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Meeting on Hole Burning Single Molecule, and Related Spectroscopies CY JUL 26-31, 2003 CL Bozeman, MT DE atomic force microscopy; fluorescence lifetime imaging ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; NEAR-FIELD MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-MOLECULE; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; FIBER PROBE; TIP; SIMULATION; LOCALIZATION; SENSITIVITY; EXCITATION AB Near-field scanning microscopy is a powerful approach to obtain topographic and spectroscopic characterization simultaneously for imaging biological and nanoscale systems. To achieve optical imaging at high spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit, aperture-less metallic scanning tips have been utilized to enhance the laser illumination local electromagnetic field at the apex of the scanning tips. In this paper, we discuss and review our work on combined fluorescence imaging with AFM-metallic tip enhancement, finite element method simulation of the tip enhancement, and their applications on AFM-tip enhanced fluorescence lifetime imaging (AFM-FLIM) and correlated AFM and FLIM imaging of the living cells. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM peter.lu@pnl.gov RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963 NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 107 IS 1-4 BP 4 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2003.12.045 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 810LP UT WOS:000220706100003 ER PT J AU Topgaard, D Pines, A AF Topgaard, D Pines, A TI Self-diffusion measurements with chemical shift resolution in inhomogeneous magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE inhomogeneous magnetic fields; chemical shift; self-diffusion; adiabatic pulses; stimulated echo ID SPIN ECHOES; BROAD-BAND; NMR; PULSES; RESONANCE; GRADIENT; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACTANT; EXCITATION AB A methodology for chemical shift resolved molecular self-diffusion measurements in time-independent static and radiofrequency field gradients is demonstrated. Diffusion encoding is provided by a stimulated echo Sequence with additional z-storage that allows for a change of diffusion time Without affecting the relaxation weighting. The signal is acquired stroboscopically between the pulses of a train of adiabatic double passages that induces a z-rotation Counteracting the phase spread resulting from precession in the inhomogeneous static field. as demonstrated in recent approaches to the goal of high-resolution "ex situ" NMR. Simulations of the pulse sequence show that the acquired signal results from the desired coherence pathway. Successful demonstrations of the experiment were performed on a Mixture of water and isopropanol. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Topgaard, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM daniel.topgaard@fkem.lu.se NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 168 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.01.018 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 814XE UT WOS:000221006600004 PM 15082246 ER PT J AU Lipton, AS Heck, RW Sears, JA Ellis, PD AF Lipton, AS Heck, RW Sears, JA Ellis, PD TI Low temperature solid-state NMR experiments of half-integer quadrupolar nuclides: caveats and data analysis SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CROSS-POLARIZATION; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; REPAIR PROTEIN XPA; DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; CENTRAL TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; PROTON; COUPLINGS; SYSTEMS; SPINS AB Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of half-integer quadrupolar nuclides has received a lot of interest recently with the advent of new methodologies and higher magnetic fields. We present here the extension of our previous low temperature method to an 18.8 T system. This new probe entailed a total redesign including a cross coil and variable capacitors that are operational at cryogenic temperatures. The limitations to sensitivity are also discussed, including a new diode network, the utilization of a cryogenic band pass filter, and the consequences of the RF profiles of the coil. Further, details of the spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei in a protein are discussed, such as the observation of the outer transitions and how to distinguish them from the desired +/-1/2 transition. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Macromol Struct & Dynam Directorate, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ellis, PD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Macromol Struct & Dynam Directorate, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM paul.ellis@pnl.gov NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 168 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.01.008 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 814XE UT WOS:000221006600008 PM 15082250 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Harrison, N Jaime, M Boebinger, GS Mydosh, JA AF Kim, KH Harrison, N Jaime, M Boebinger, GS Mydosh, JA TI Novel competing orders near the field-induced quantum critical point in URu2Si2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE hidden order; URu2Si2; quantum critical point AB A comprehensive transport study in continuous magnetic fields up to 45 T reveals that URu2Si2 possesses a new field-induced quantum critical point around 38 T and multiple low temperature phases stabilized near the point. This finding suggests the existence of many competing order parameters separated by small energy difference in URu2Si2 and a crucial role of quantum fluctuation on the order in correlated electron systems. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 LANL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM khkim@phya.snu.ac.kr RI Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 50 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.528 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500019 ER PT J AU Lengyel, E Sarrao, JL Sparn, G Steglich, F Thompson, JD AF Lengyel, E Sarrao, JL Sparn, G Steglich, F Thompson, JD TI Heat capacity of Ce2RhIn8 under hydrostatic pressure SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE heavy-fermion; heat capacity; hydrostatic pressure ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB We report measurements of the low temperature heat capacity of the heavy-fermion (HF) antiferromagnet (AFM) Ce2RhIn8 (0.35 K < T < 7 K) under hydrostatic pressure up to p = 1.65 GPa and in magnetic fields B less than or equal to 8 T. The application of pressure leads to a decrease of both the Neel temperature (T-N) and of the coefficient of the electronic specific heat C\T\(T>TNeel). These studies aim to shed light on the possibilities of electronically mediated superconductivity (SC) in strongly correlated electron systems (SCES) close to a magnetic quantum critical point (QCP). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, High Pressure Sci Sect, CG HP, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lengyel, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, High Pressure Sci Sect, CG HP, Nothnitzerstr 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM lengyel@cpfs.mpg.de RI Sparn, Guenter/F-5120-2013 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 52 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.049 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500020 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, A Mito, T Wada, S Fisher, R Phillips, NE Wang, ZP Johston, DC AF Yamamoto, A Mito, T Wada, S Fisher, R Phillips, NE Wang, ZP Johston, DC TI Magnetic properties of cluster-spins in BaCuO2.00 and BaCuO2.14, investigated by magnetization and NMR measurements SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE cluster-spin; BaCuO2; magnetization; NMR ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB To elucidate the combined magnetic behavior of BaCuO2+x (x = 0, 0.14), which contains in the BCC unit-cell two Cu18O24 spherical clusters, eight Cu6O12 ring clusters and Six CuO4 lone units, we have carried out the magnetization, Cu-63 NMR, and Cu-63 PQR measurements. Quantitative analysis of present susceptibility data indicates that the spins within a Cu-6 cluster of BaCuO2.00 are in the ferromagnetically ordered ground state with maximum spin S-r = 3 even at room-T, and the spins within a Cuts cluster are in a ground state below similar to20K with net spin S(s)similar to5 less than the maximum spin. Cu-63 NMR for BaCuO2.00 was observed below similar to15K with a trapezoid-like shape spectrum and the relaxation rate T-1(-1) was roughly proportional to T-3. These are consistent with the long-range antiferromagnetic ordering of the Cu-6 cluster-spins below T-N = 15K. The NMR spectrum for BaCuO2.14 has an electric-quadrupole split structure down to 1.7 K, which is indicative of no long-range magnetic ordering. We found, however, a few anomalies in the NMR and PQR data for BaCuO2.14, which could be understood by a short-range ordering of paramagnetic Cuts cluster-spins. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wada, S (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM wada@phys.sci.kobe-u.ac.jp NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 88 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.038 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500037 ER PT J AU Stocks, GM Temmerman, WM Szotek, Z Svane, A Kodderitzsch, D Winter, H AF Stocks, GM Temmerman, WM Szotek, Z Svane, A Kodderitzsch, D Winter, H TI LSD-SIC studies of localization in the 4d-transition metal oxides Sr2RuO4 and Ca2RuO4 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE LSD-SIC; localization ID MOTT TRANSITION; CA2-XSR(X)RUO4 AB Self-interaction corrected local spin density approximation has been used to study the possibility of localization in Sr2RuO4 and Ca2RuO4. Although the energy difference between specific localized and delocalized solutions can be small (similar to 30 mRy/Ru), we do not find evidence for strong static correlations. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Fachbereich Phys, D-06099 Halle Saale, Wittenberg, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, INFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Stocks, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008-6114, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM gms@ornl.gov RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 122 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.060 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500053 ER PT J AU Bianchi, AD Movshovich, R Capan, C Lacerda, AH Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL AF Bianchi, AD Movshovich, R Capan, C Lacerda, AH Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL TI FFLO superconducting state in CeCoIn5 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE heavy fermion superconductors; superconductivity phase diagrams; magnetic field-dependent specific heat AB We present specific heat data for the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 close to the upper critical field H-c2 for magnetic fields applied along the [100] crystallographic axis. For fields above 10 T, the superconducting phase transition becomes first-order. In the same field range, we observe a second specific heat anomaly within the superconducting state, which we attribute to a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bianchi, AD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 10, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM abianchi@lanl.gov; sarrao@lanl.gov RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 140 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1127 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500061 ER PT J AU Brison, JP Luchier, N Sulpice, A Suderow, H Martinez-Samper, P Vieira, S Buzdin, AI Canfield, PC AF Brison, JP Luchier, N Sulpice, A Suderow, H Martinez-Samper, P Vieira, S Buzdin, AI Canfield, PC TI Anisotropic superconductivity in borocarbide superconductors and spin disorder SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE TmNi2B2C; borocarbide; tunnelling spectroscopy; B-c2 AB We present microscopic measurements indicating that the superconducting gap of borocarbide superconductors is strongly anisotropic. They are compared to macroscopic B-c2 measurements on TmNi2B2C, which allow a direct estimation of spin disorder and of coupling strength anisotropy (strong coupling two-band model). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Lab Bajas Temp, Dept Fis Mat Condensada,Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, URA 764, Phys Theor Lab, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brison, JP (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. EM brison@grenoble.cnrs.fr RI Buzdin, Alexander/I-6038-2013; Suderow, Hermann/L-6612-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; vieira, sebastian/L-5216-2014 OI Suderow, Hermann/0000-0002-5902-1880; vieira, sebastian/0000-0002-3854-1377 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 158 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1380 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500070 ER PT J AU Llobet, A Bao, W Moreno, NO Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Prokes, K Mignot, JM AF Llobet, A Bao, W Moreno, NO Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Prokes, K Mignot, JM TI Interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in CeMIn5 heavy fermion SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE heavy fermion; f-electron magnetism; superconductivity ID CERHIN5 AB We report a single-crystal magnetic neutron diffraction study on the antiferromagnetic and superconducting heavy-fermion compound CeRh0.65Ir0.35In5. Our experiments detect no change in the magnetic structure on cooling the single crystals below T-C indicating the coexistence of long-range magnetic order and superconductivity. We also show that an applied magnetic field converts the magnetic structure from incommensurate to commensurate. This work places new constraints on interpretations of the relationship between antiferromagnetism and unconventional superconductivity in this family of heavy-fermion superconductors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Llobet, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST 10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM allobet@lanl.gov RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Mignot, Jean-Michel/A-8305-2008 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Mignot, Jean-Michel/0000-0001-8503-6712 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 175 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.072 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500078 ER PT J AU Kohori, Y Saito, H Kobayashi, Y Taira, H Iwamoto, Y Kohara, T Matsumoto, T Bauer, ED Maple, MB Sarrao, JL AF Kohori, Y Saito, H Kobayashi, Y Taira, H Iwamoto, Y Kohara, T Matsumoto, T Bauer, ED Maple, MB Sarrao, JL TI In-115 NQR study of superconducting CeCoIn5 under high pressure SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE NQR; heavy fermion superconductor; CeCoIn5 AB We have carried out In-115 nuclear quadrupole resonance measurements on CeCoIn5 under high pressure P. The temperature T dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T-1 in the normal state, 1/T-1 proportional to T-1/4, indicates that CeCoIn5 is located just at an antiferromagnetic (AF) instability at ambient pressure. The value of 1/T-1 decreases rapidly with increasing P, reflecting that P moves CeCoIn5 away from the AF instability. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Kobe Univ Mercantile Marine, Dept Transportat Syst Engn, Higashinada 6580022, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Grad Sch Sci, Div Mat Sci, Ako, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kohori, Y (reprint author), Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. EM kohori@physics.s.chiba-u.ac.jp RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 189 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.196 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500085 ER PT J AU Ohashi, M Akiyama, H Oomi, G Cho, BK Canfield, PC AF Ohashi, M Akiyama, H Oomi, G Cho, BK Canfield, PC TI Quantum-phase transition in HoNi2B2C tuned by a magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE borocarbide; metamagnetic transition; electrical resistivity AB The electrical resistivity of single crystalline HoNi2B2C has been measured at several magnetic fields. The three anomalies in the magnetoresistance due to metamagnetic transitions are observed. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity is strongly dependent on magnetic field. Non-Fermi liquid behavior is observed near the metamagnetic transition fields. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8108560, Japan. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ohashi, M (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 8108560, Japan. EM ohashi@rc.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.03.004 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500117 ER PT J AU Boothroyd, AT Freeman, PG Prabhakaran, D Woo, H Nakajima, K Tranquada, JM Yamada, K Frost, CD AF Boothroyd, AT Freeman, PG Prabhakaran, D Woo, H Nakajima, K Tranquada, JM Yamada, K Frost, CD TI Spin excitations in stripe-ordered La2-xSrxNiO4 (x=0.275 and 1/3) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE spin waves; stripes; La1-xSrxNiO4 ID HOLES AB We report neutron scattering measurements of the spectrum of magnetic excitations in the stripe-ordered phase of La2-xSrxNiO4 (x = 0.275 and 1/3). The propagating spin excitations follow a similar dispersion relation for the two compositions, but the line widths are broader for x = 0.275 than for 1/3. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Neutron Scattering Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Chem Res Inst, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Boothroyd, AT (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM a.boothroyd1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Freeman, Paul/F-5372-2014 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Freeman, Paul/0000-0002-5376-8940 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 265 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1121 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500118 ER PT J AU Crew, DC Stamps, RL Liu, HY Wang, ZK Kuok, MH Ng, SC Barmak, K Kim, J Lewis, LH AF Crew, DC Stamps, RL Liu, HY Wang, ZK Kuok, MH Ng, SC Barmak, K Kim, J Lewis, LH TI Spin wave excitations in exchange spring Co/CoPt thin film bilayers SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE spin wave; exchange spring; anisotropy AB We report Brillouin light scattering data taken from an exchange spring bilayer, Co/CoPt. The results are analysed using a semi-classical model in the long wavelength limit, and we demonstrate how a measure of an anomalous volume anisotropy, which we tentatively ascribe to a magnetoelastic effect, can be obtained from frequency versus field measurements in this system. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crew, DC (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. EM dcrew@physics.uwa.edu.au RI Barmak, Katayun/A-9804-2008; Wang, Z K/C-2293-2008; Kuok, Meng Hau/H-3954-2013; Stamps, Robert/E-7304-2011 OI Barmak, Katayun/0000-0003-0070-158X; Wang, Z K/0000-0003-0381-5363; Stamps, Robert/0000-0003-0713-4864 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 273 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.04.061 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500122 ER PT J AU Bartolome, F Herrero-Albillos, J Garcia, LM Young, AT Funk, T Plugaru, N Arenholz, E AF Bartolome, F Herrero-Albillos, J Garcia, LM Young, AT Funk, T Plugaru, N Arenholz, E TI Orbital moment at the Curie temperature in ErCo2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE orbital moment; magnetic anisotropy; first-order phase transitions; XMCD ID RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; COBALT; RCO2; MAGNETIZATION AB X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the L-2,L-3 Co and M-4,M-5 Er absorption edges through the magnetic ordering transition of ErCo2 has been measured as a function of temperature. Below T-C the cobalt orbital moment is strongly increased. The correlation between the Co orbital moment and the spontaneous anisotropic magnetostriction in ErCo2 at T-C is evidenced. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, ICMA, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bartolome, F (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, ICMA, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. EM bartolom@unizar.es RI Herrero-Albillos, Julia/B-9837-2009; Herrero-Albillos, Julia/I-5462-2012; Bartolome, Fernando/K-1700-2014 OI Herrero-Albillos, Julia/0000-0002-0901-8341; Herrero-Albillos, Julia/0000-0002-0901-8341; Bartolome, Fernando/0000-0002-0047-1772 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1091 PN 1 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500141 ER PT J AU Alsmadi, AM Jung, MH Lacerda, AH Svoboda, P Nakotte, H AF Alsmadi, AM Jung, MH Lacerda, AH Svoboda, P Nakotte, H TI Magnetic phase transitions in NdCu2 under pressure SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2004) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE NdCu2; resistivity; phase transitions and pressure effects AB The electrical resistivity on a NdCu2 single crystal was measured as a function of temperature, hydrostatic pressure and magnetic field. At ambient pressure, a complex phase diagram with T-N = 5.86K and two spin reorientation temperatures of T-R1 = 3.78 K and T-R2 = 3.25 K is found. Under external pressure, T-N, T-R1 and T-R2 decrease by increasing pressure, and T-R2 vanishes under 9 kbar. In the field dependence of the magnetoresistance, we find anomalies at three metamagnetic transitions, which under pressure are initially shifted to lower values but increase again for pressures beyond 5 kbar. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Pulse Field Facil, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Charles Univ, Dept Elect Struct, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic. RP Alsmadi, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alsmadi@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 470 EP 472 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1153 PN 1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZR UT WOS:000222236500210 ER PT J AU Booth, CH Han, SW Sullow, S Mydosh, JA AF Booth, CH Han, SW Sullow, S Mydosh, JA TI Local lattice symmetry of spin-glass and antiferromagnetic URh2Ge2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE URh2Ge2; spin glasses; heavy fermions; disordered materials; XAFS ID DISORDER AB Polarized X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) data are reported for Rh and Ge K edges on antiferromagnetic and spin-glass samples of URh2Ge2. Proposed crystal structures have two possible kinds of layers for the Rh and Ge atoms. The XAFS data indicate that each species forms both kinds of layers and therefore the dominant phase has a crystal structure like that of CaBe2Ge2. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Met Phys & Nukl Festkoerperphys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Booth, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 941 EP 942 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.011 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700086 ER PT J AU Sullow, S Mentink, SAM Mason, TE Mydosh, JA AF Sullow, S Mentink, SAM Mason, TE Mydosh, JA TI Magnetotransport of the moderately disordered heavy fermion URh2Ge2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE disorder; heavy fermions; magnetotransport ID BEHAVIOR AB We present a study of the magnetotransport properties of the moderately disordered heavy fermion system URh2Ge2. For single crystalline material we determine the longitudinal magnetoresistivity I parallel toBparallel to c at low temperatures in fields up to 16 T. The field dependence of the resistivity resembles that of canonical spin glasses, thus yielding evidence that at low temperatures the magnetotransport is characterized by magnetic scattering. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Phys Met, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. MPI Chem Phys Stoffe, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Sullow, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Phys Met, Mendelssohnstr 3, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. EM s.suellow@tu-bs.de RI Mason, Thomas/M-5809-2014 OI Mason, Thomas/0000-0003-1880-3971 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 954 EP 955 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.610 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700092 ER PT J AU Chakhalian, J Kiefl, RF Brewer, J Dunsiger, SR Morris, G Eggert, S Affleck, I Yamada, I AF Chakhalian, J Kiefl, RF Brewer, J Dunsiger, SR Morris, G Eggert, S Affleck, I Yamada, I TI Impurity effects in quasi-one-dimensional S=1/2 antiferromagnetic chain KCuF3 studied by muon spin rotation SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE low dimensionality; strongly correlated insulators; correlation in quantum systems ID CONSEQUENCES AB The local magnetic susceptibility chi(loc) around a positive muon in quasi-one-dimensional spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic chain compounds dichlorobis KCuF3 has been investigated using muon spin rotation/relaxation (mu(+)SR). We compare chi(loc) with the bulk magnetic susceptibility chi measured in a SQUID magnetometer. In all cases there is a dramatic difference between chi(loc) and chi, as predicted by theory. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. RP Chakhalian, J (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM jacques@triumf.ca RI Chakhalian, Jak/F-2274-2015; Eggert, Sebastian/G-2762-2011; OI Brewer, Jesse H./0000-0002-8211-1235 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 979 EP 980 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.168 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700104 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Aizawa, K Kumagai, K Lascialfari, A Borsa, F AF Furukawa, Y Aizawa, K Kumagai, K Lascialfari, A Borsa, F TI Tunneling dynamics of the magnetization in transverse field: H-1-NMR study in single crystal of Fe8 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE quantum tunneling of the magnetization; NMR, nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates ID IRON CLUSTER AB The proton spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T-1) have been measured as a function of transverse field in single crystal Fe8 cluster at T = 1.5 K. When the transverse field is applied along the medium axis of the cluster, a large enhancement of 1/T-1 is observed around H = 2.6T. The peculiar behavior of 1/T-1 is well explained by taking into considerations the effect of enhancement of quantum tunneling by an application of the transverse field. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Div Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Unita INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Div Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. EM furu@phys.sci.hokudai.ac.jp NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1013 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.064 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700120 ER PT J AU Lascialfari, A Borsa, F Julien, MH Micotti, E Furukawa, D Jang, ZH Cornia, A Gatteschi, D Horvatic, M Van Slageren, J AF Lascialfari, A Borsa, F Julien, MH Micotti, E Furukawa, D Jang, ZH Cornia, A Gatteschi, D Horvatic, M Van Slageren, J TI Spin dynamics at level crossing in molecular AF rings probed by NMR SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE magnetic ring; nuclear relaxation rate; quantum tunneling ID HEISENBERG LADDER CU-2(C5H12N2)(2)CL-4; HOST-GUEST INTERACTIONS; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; TORQUE MAGNETOMETRY; RELAXATION; FE-10; FIELD; PROTON AB The low-temperature spin dynamics in molecular rings with a finite number (N less than or equal to 10) of magnetic ions was studied by means of H-1 NMR. When an external magnetic field (B) induces a crossing between energy levels, peaks are observed in the spin-lattice relaxation rate of protons, 1/T-1(B), at constant temperature. We discuss similarities and differences in the data from three different rings: Fe10, Fe6:Li and Cr8. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pavia, Dept Phys A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Unita INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Hokkaido Univ, Div Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Univ Modena, Dept Chem, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Modena, Unita INSTM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, Unita INSTM, I-50019 Florence, Italy. CNRS, Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, F-38042 Grenoble, France. MPI, FKF, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Lascialfari, A (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Phys A Volta, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM lascialfari@fisicavolta.unipv.it RI Gatteschi, Dante/B-5429-2008; Cornia, Andrea/N-8587-2015; Julien, Marc-Henri/A-2352-2010; OI Cornia, Andrea/0000-0001-9765-3128; Gatteschi, Dante/0000-0002-4859-4317 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1042 EP 1047 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.005 PN 2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700127 ER PT J AU Coldea, AI Bangura, AF Singleton, J Ardavan, A Akutsu-Sato, A Akutsu, H Turner, SS Day, P AF Coldea, AI Bangura, AF Singleton, J Ardavan, A Akutsu-Sato, A Akutsu, H Turner, SS Day, P TI The role of magnetic ions on the magnetotransport properties of the charge-transfer salts beta ''-BEDT-TTF4[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]C5H5N where M = Ga3+, Cr3+ or Fe3+ SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE organic metals; quantum oscillations; magnetisation ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULES AB We report high-field magneto transport measurements on beta''- BEDT-TTF4[(H3O)M(C2O4)(3)]C5H5N, where M = Ga3+, Cr3+ or Fe3+. In spite of the differing M ions, these compounds have very similar Fermi surfaces. We observe four distinct Shubnikov-de Haas frequencies, corresponding to four Fermi-surface pockets; the frequencies exhibit the additive relationship expected for a compensated semimetal. The compounds show paramagnetic behaviour and no superconductivity down to 0.5 K, in contrast to other materials of the same family with different solvent molecules. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. UCL Royal Inst Great Britain, Davy Faraday Res Lab, London W1X 4BS, England. RP Coldea, AI (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM a.coldea1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Coldea, Amalia/C-1106-2013 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1062 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.104 PN 2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700135 ER PT J AU Micotti, E Procissi, D Lascialfari, A Carretta, P Kogerler, P Borsa, F Luban, M Baines, C AF Micotti, E Procissi, D Lascialfari, A Carretta, P Kogerler, P Borsa, F Luban, M Baines, C TI NMR and mu SR investigation of spin dynamics in {Mo72Fe30} molecular clusters SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE proton NMR; nanomagnet; MuSR; level crossing ID PROTON NMR AB We present mu(+) SR and proton NMR data on the molecular cluster {Mo72Fe30} in its standard form (std-Fe30) and in its layered form (lay-Fe30) where the quasi-spherical molecules form a grid. mu(+)SR experiments on std-Fe30 as a function of the magnetic field at Tapproximate to30 mK showed that the muon asymmetry has two components, corresponding to different muon sites, near and far from the magnetic ions. At the level crossing we observed an onset of local fields but no anomaly in the relaxation rate. Also a small effect of the spin topology was observed by means of H-1 NMR. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Micotti, E (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM micotti@fisicavolta.unipv.it RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1099 EP 1101 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.038 PN 2 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700152 ER PT J AU Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Argyle, B Vinokur, VM Terris, BD AF Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Argyle, B Vinokur, VM Terris, BD TI Controlling jaggedness of magnetic domains with linear defects SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE anisotropy perpendicular; domain wall motion; Kerr measurement ID DATA-STORAGE; HIGH-DENSITY; TECHNOLOGY; MICROSCOPY; FILMS AB Thin magnetic films with the out-of-plane anisotropy are more robust against thermal flips of nanosized domains than the in-plane spin geometry, and thus promising for ultra-high-density magnetic recording. However, dense packing of the small bits is limited by the domain wall roughness. Here we demonstrate that a correlated (line) defect directs and deroughens a field-driven wall, bringing it to a halt in the defect's vicinity. Scaling analysis of reduced jaggedness points to a simple way to control nanodomains for recording media. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Elect Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Krusin-Elbaum, L (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, POB 218,Route 134, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM krusin@us.ibm.com RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1140 EP 1144 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1392 PN 2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700167 ER PT J AU Seppala, ET Alava, MJ Sillanpaa, IJ AF Seppala, ET Alava, MJ Sillanpaa, IJ TI Domain walls in random field Ising magnets: wetting SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE random field Ising model; domain walls; wetting; quenched randomness ID RANDOM-SYSTEMS; DISORDER AB Domain walls in random-field Ising magnets can be investigated in groundstates into which walls are induced by prepared boundary conditions. We outline recent progress, and new results on (domain wall) wetting in random field systems. This is studied in fixed disorder configurations in the presence of an external field, which is varied. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, SMC, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Alava, MJ (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, POB 1100, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. EM mikko.alava@hut.fi RI Alava, Mikko/G-2202-2013 OI Alava, Mikko/0000-0001-9249-5079 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1286 EP 1287 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.071 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700231 ER PT J AU Ye, F Matsuda, M Katano, S Yoshizawa, H Belanger, DP Seppala, ET Fernandez-Baca, JA Alava, MJ AF Ye, F Matsuda, M Katano, S Yoshizawa, H Belanger, DP Seppala, ET Fernandez-Baca, JA Alava, MJ TI Percolation fractal dimension in scattering line shapes of the random-field Ising model SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE random-field Ising model; neutron scattering; percolation AB Neutron scattering and simulation line shape data show evidence for fractal structure from spanning clusters in the d = 2 and 3 random-field Ising models as realized in dilute antiferromagnets. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Ye, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM dave@dave.ucsc.edu RI Ye, Feng/B-3210-2010; Alava, Mikko/G-2202-2013; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016 OI Ye, Feng/0000-0001-7477-4648; Alava, Mikko/0000-0001-9249-5079; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1298 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.081 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700236 ER PT J AU Granroth, GE Mandrus, D Keppens, V Nagler, SE AF Granroth, GE Mandrus, D Keppens, V Nagler, SE TI Long- and short-range magnetic order in the spinel Co2Ru1-xMnxO4 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE magnetic frustration; ferrimagnets; spinels; neutron scattering ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB Neutron scattering measurements were performed on the x = 0, 0.5, and 0.7 concentrations of the insulating spinel Co2Ru1-xMnxO4. The experiments show that the x = 0.7 system orders as a long-range ferrimagnet, the x = 0.5 system has a ground state that is a mix of long-range ferrimagnetic order and short-range order, and the x = 0 system only possesses short-range order. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Phys, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Granroth, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM granrothge@sns.gov RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1306 EP 1307 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1051 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700240 ER PT J AU Bracchi, A Schneider, S Thiyagarajan, P Samwer, K AF Bracchi, A Schneider, S Thiyagarajan, P Samwer, K TI Cooling rate-dependent microstructure and magnetic properties of the glass forming alloy Nd60Fe30Al10 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE NdFeAl metallic glass; hard magnetic property; domain wall pinning; random anisotropy model AB In order to clarify the relation between preparation technique, microstructure and magnetic behavior in glass forming systems, Nd60Fe30Al10 thin foils and bulk samples were investigated and the cooling rate dependence of the coercive field is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Gottingen, Phys Inst 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Univ Gottingen, Phys Inst 4, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bracchi, A (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Phys Inst 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM abracch@gwdg.de NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1423 EP 1424 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.146 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700290 ER PT J AU Spasova, M Wiedwald, U Farle, M Radetic, T Dahmen, U Hilgendorff, M Giersig, M AF Spasova, M Wiedwald, U Farle, M Radetic, T Dahmen, U Hilgendorff, M Giersig, M TI Temperature dependence of exchange anisotropy in monodisperse cobalt nanoparticles with a cobalt oxide shell SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE Co nanoparticle; element-specific imaging; exchange anisotropy; exchange bias ID MAGNETISM; PARTICLES AB Exchange anisotropy was studied by SQUID magnetometry on an array of monodisperse colloidal nanoparticles consisting of a 7-8 nm diameter FCC Co core covered with a 2-2.5 nm thick FCC CoO shell. Temperature-dependent measurements of the exchange bias field show that the exchange anisotropy vanishes when a magnetic field was applied during cooling below 150 K. The suppression of exchange anisotropy is due to uncompensated interfacial antiferromagnetic spins. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NCEM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CAESAR, D-53175 Bonn, Germany. RP Spasova, M (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. EM spasova@uni-duisburg.de RI Wiedwald, Ulf/E-4625-2011; OI Farle, Michael/0000-0002-1864-3261 NR 6 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1508 EP 1509 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.237 PN 2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZT UT WOS:000222236700320 ER PT J AU Frontera, C Garcia-Munoz, JL Carrillo, AE Hervieu, M Martin, C Llobet, A Calleja, A Capdevila, XG Ritter, C AF Frontera, C Garcia-Munoz, JL Carrillo, AE Hervieu, M Martin, C Llobet, A Calleja, A Capdevila, XG Ritter, C TI Magnetism of Bi0.75Sr0.25MnO3 and its dependence on bismuth concentration SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE neutron diffraction; charge orderings; antiferromagnetic order ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BI1-XSRXMNO3 AB We present a magnetic and neutron powder diffraction study on Bi0.75Sr0.25MnO3, Bi0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and Bi0.65La0.1Sr0.25MnO3. Bi0.75Sr0.25MnO3 presents, below T-CO = 600 K, a superstructure that doubles both a and c axes (P bnm setting). In contrast the other two compounds just double a cell parameter. At low temperature an antiferromagnetic structure appears, that is accompanied by a magnetoelastic effect on the cell parameters. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. ISMRA Univ Caen, CNRS, UMR, Lab CRISMAT, F-14050 Caen, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Barcelona, Fac Quim, Dept Engn Quim & Met, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Frontera, C (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus Univ Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM frontera@icmab.es RI Calleja, Alberto/B-2248-2008; Frontera, Carlos/B-4910-2008; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Garcia-Munoz, Jose Luis /A-7983-2015 OI Frontera, Carlos/0000-0002-0091-4756; Garcia-Munoz, Jose Luis /0000-0002-4174-2794 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1734 EP 1735 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.01.034 PN 3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZU UT WOS:000222236800041 ER PT J AU Martinho, H Rettori, C Huber, DL Mitchell, JF Oseroff, SB AF Martinho, H Rettori, C Huber, DL Mitchell, JF Oseroff, SB TI Phonons in the bilayered magnetic manganite La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 (x=0.30,0.50) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE phonons; Raman scattering; spin-phonon couplings; magnetism AB We have studied the ab-plane Raman-active phonons of the bilayered magnetic manganite La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 for x = 0.30 and 0.50. The Raman response was deconvoluted to seven modes in both cases and their symmetries and T-dependence analyzed. We found that the T-dependence of the linewidth and frequency of almost phonons follows the two-phonon anharmonic decay and the usual Gruneisen behavior, respectively, with exception of the 1000 cm(-1) mode for x = 0.30 that softens similar to 150 cm(-1) below T-C due to their strong spin-phonon coupling. We also notice that some modes for x = 0.50 before associated to two- and three-phonons Raman process appeared to us as being one-phonon Raman peaks. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Martinho, H (reprint author), UNICAMP, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM hercules@ifi.unicamp.br RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Martinho, Herculano/F-4684-2015; Optica e Eletronica, Laboratorio/A-8669-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1736 EP 1737 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.735 PN 3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZU UT WOS:000222236800042 ER PT J AU Garcia-Munoz, JL Frontera, C Llobet, A Carrillo, AE Caneiro, A Aranda, MAG Respaud, M Ritter, C Dooryee, E AF Garcia-Munoz, JL Frontera, C Llobet, A Carrillo, AE Caneiro, A Aranda, MAG Respaud, M Ritter, C Dooryee, E TI Magnetic and electronic properties of the oxygen-deficient PrBaCo2O5+delta (delta > 0.50) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE neutron diffraction; cobaltites; metal-insulator transition; antiferromagnetism; ferromagnetism AB We have investigated the evolution of the structural and magnetic properties with delta in PrBaCo2O5+delta compounds with high oxygen content (delta = 0.75, 0.85, 0.90). In zero field only the two latter are ferromagnetic (FM). PrBaCo2O5.75 presents antiferromagnetic order below T-N = 175 K, although a FM phase is easily induced under field. From neutron diffraction, using a single moment G-type model, the ordered moment at 2K is found to be 1.14(6) mu(B)/Co ion. Remarkable magnetoelastic effects occur at T-N (delta = 0.75), but are not observed at T-C (delta = 0.85,0.90). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. Inst Natl Sci Appl, Phys Mat Condensee Lab, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus Univ Bellaterra, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. EM garcia.munoz@icmab.es RI Aranda, Miguel A.G./D-4614-2009; Frontera, Carlos/B-4910-2008; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Garcia-Munoz, Jose Luis /A-7983-2015 OI Aranda, Miguel A.G./0000-0001-7708-3578; Frontera, Carlos/0000-0002-0091-4756; Garcia-Munoz, Jose Luis /0000-0002-4174-2794 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1762 EP 1763 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1375 PN 3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZU UT WOS:000222236800052 ER PT J AU Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM Svane, A Petit, L Stocks, GM Winter, H AF Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM Svane, A Petit, L Stocks, GM Winter, H TI Half-metallic transition metal oxides SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE half metals AB We present an application of the self-interaction corrected local spin density approximation to study the electronic structure of half-metallic double perovskites Ba2FeMoO6, Ca2FeMoO6, Sr2FeMoO6, Ca2FeReO6, and charge order in Fe3O4. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, INFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Szotek, Z (reprint author), SERC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. EM z.szotek@dl.ac.uk RI Petit, Leon/B-5255-2008; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016; OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X; Petit, Leon/0000-0001-6489-9922 NR 6 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1816 EP 1817 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.818 PN 3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZU UT WOS:000222236800076 ER PT J AU Belashchenko, KD Tsymbal, EY van Schilfgaarde, M Stewart, DA Oleynik, II Jaswal, SS AF Belashchenko, KD Tsymbal, EY van Schilfgaarde, M Stewart, DA Oleynik, II Jaswal, SS TI Spin-dependent tunneling from clean and oxidized Co surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2003) CY JUL 27-AUG 01, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY DE spin-dependent tunneling; principal-layer Green's function approach; magnetic tunnel junction AB Transmission through a sufficiently thick vacuum barrier is factorized in the product of two "surface transmission functions" and a vacuum decay factor. Based on this factorization, we study the spin polarization of the tunneling current from clean and oxidized (111) FCC Co surfaces through vacuum into Al. The conductance is calculated using the principal-layer Green's function approach within the tight-binding LMTO scheme. We find that for typical vacuum barrier thicknesses the tunneling current from the clean surface is dominated by minority-spin electrons. A monolayer of oxygen on top of the surface completely changes the shape of k(1)-resolved transmission and makes the tunneling current almost 100% majority-spin polarized. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Brace Lab 116, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Belashchenko, KD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Brace Lab 116, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM kdbel@unlserve.unl.edu RI Belashchenko, Kirill/A-9744-2008; Tsymbal, Evgeny/G-3493-2013; Stewart, Derek/B-6115-2008; Oleynik, Ivan/R-5004-2016; OI Belashchenko, Kirill/0000-0002-8518-1490; Oleynik, Ivan/0000-0002-5348-6484; Stewart, Derek/0000-0001-7355-2605 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SI SI BP 1954 EP 1955 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.499 PN 3 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZU UT WOS:000222236800136 ER PT J AU Baek, SH Kawakami, S Furukawa, Y Suh, BJ Borsa, F Kumagai, K Cornia, A AF Baek, S. H. Kawakami, S. Furukawa, Y. Suh, B. J. Borsa, F. Kumagai, K. Cornia, A. TI Fe-57 NMR in oriented powder of Fe8 in zero and applied field SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Fe8; molecular cluster; nuclear magnetic resonance AB The NMR of Fe-57 was detected for the first time in zero external field at 1.5 K in a isotropically enriched and magnetically oriented powder sample of the octanuclear iron (III) cluster, Fe8. Eight well resolved lines, each about 100 kHz wide, were observed in the frequency range 63.1-72.4 MHz confirming the total lack of symmetry of the Fe8 molecule. The resonance frequency of the different lines are analyzed in terms of the hyperfine interactions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420473, South Korea. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Modena, Dept Chem, I-41100 Modena, Italy. RP Baek, SH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM baek@ameslab.gov RI Cornia, Andrea/N-8587-2015; OI Cornia, Andrea/0000-0001-9765-3128; Baek, Seung-Ho/0000-0002-0059-8255 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E771 EP E772 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.062 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200312 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M Tandon, S Zhu, YM De Graef, M AF Beleggia, Marco Tandon, Shakul Zhu, Yimei De Graef, Marc TI On the computation of the demagnetization tensor for particles of arbitrary shape SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic material; demagnetization tensor field; magnetic nanoparticle; shape amplitude; transmission electron microscopy AB A new method is presented to compute the demagnetization tensor of particles of arbitrary shape. By means of a Fourier space approach it is possible to compute analytically the Fourier representation of the demagnetization tensor for a broad class of magnetic nanoparticles. Then, specifying the direction of the uniform magnetization, the demagnetizing field and the magnetostatic energy associated with the particle can be evaluated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Beleggia, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM beleggia@bnl.gov RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E1197 EP E1199 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.665 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200476 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M Pozzi, G Tonomura, A AF Beleggia, Marco Pozzi, Giulio Tonomura, Akira TI Modeling superconducting vortices in high-T-c materials for TEM observations SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE superconducting materials; transmission electron microscopy; pancake vortices; electron-optical phase shift; Lorentz microscopy AB In order to improve the model for the interpretation of transmission electron microscopy images of superconducting vortices in layered materials the number of representative layers should be increased. The upper limit of nine layers related to the computer performance has been more than doubled by approximating the screening layers above and below the layer containing a pancake vortex with a superconducting continuum. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, INFM, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hitachi Ltd, Adv Res Lab, Hatoyama, Saitama 3500395, Japan. RP Pozzi, G (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, Viale B Pichat 6-2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM giulio.pozzi@bo.infm.it OI Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E143 EP E144 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.715 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200063 ER PT J AU Coldea, R Tennant, DA Tylczynski, Z AF Coldea, R. Tennant, D. A. Tylczynski, Z. TI Neutron scattering from deconfined spinons in the 2D frustrated quantum magnet Cs2CuCl4 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE spinons; resonating-valence-bond spin liquid; anisotropic triangular antiferromagnet; Cs2CuCl4 AB High-resolution inelastic neutron scattering is used to explore the magnetic excitations in Cs2CuCl4; a quasi-2D spin-1/2 frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet on an anisotropic triangular lattice. In the spin liquid phase above the 3D ordering transition a broad continuum of excited states is observed, characteristic of excitations of pairs of spin-1/2 spinons of a resonating-valence-bond state. In the ordered phase stabilized at low temperatures by the weak inter-layer couplings a sharp spin-wave mode emerges below the continuum lower boundary. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Adam Mickiewicz Univ Poznan, Inst Phys, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. RP Coldea, R (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM r.coldeal@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Tennant, David/Q-2497-2015 OI Tennant, David/0000-0002-9575-3368 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E649 EP E650 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.01.055 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200267 ER PT J AU Han, SW Booth, CH Bauer, ED Huang, PH Chen, YY Lawrence, JM AF Han, S. -W. Booth, C. H. Bauer, E. D. Huang, P. H. Chen, Y. Y. Lawrence, J. M. TI Disorder-induced Kondo behavior in nanostructured CeAl2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Kondo effect; nanoparticle; disorder; XAFS; local structure; CeAl2 AB The local structural properties of nanoparticle CeAl2 were studied by X-ray absorption. ne structure measurements at the Ce L-3-edge. These studies show that the nanocrystalline material is severely disordered compared to its bulk counterpart and that the bond length of Ce - Al in the nanoparticle is about 0.4 angstrom shorter than that in the bulk. These observations strongly suggest that in addition to size and surface effects, structural disorder plays a role in determining the Kondo behavior in this nanocrystal. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Booth, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chbooth@lbl.gov RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E101 EP E102 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.208 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200044 ER PT J AU Harrison, N Jaime, M Mydosh, JA AF Harrison, N. Jaime, M. Mydosh, J. A. TI Metamagnetism and quantum criticality in URu2Si2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heavy fermions; magnetization; hidden order; quantum criticality; metamagnetism AB Magnetization measurements reveal the creation of the new high magnetic field phase in URu2Si2 to be possibly connected with the existence of a metamagnetic crossover at similar to 38 T. The metamagnetic crossover may belong to a new class of quantum critical end point, as recently reported in the case of Sr3Ru2O7. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Harrison, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nharrison@lanl.gov RI Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E135 EP E136 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.082 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200059 ER PT J AU Janousova, B Sechovsky, V Lacerda, AH Komatsubara, T AF Janousova, B. Sechovsky, V. Lacerda, A. H. Komatsubara, T. TI Magnetic properties of single-crystalline CePt0.75Pd0.25Sn SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE CePtSn; CePdSn; GMR; antiferromagnetism AB Results of resistivity, magnetic and specific heat measurements on single crystalline CePt0.75Pd0.25Sn are presented and compared with the behavior of CePtSn and CePdSn. Magnetic phase transitions analogous to the CePtSn case have been observed at T-N=6.9 K and T-M = 5.3 K. Low-temperature magnetoresistivity data show a GMR transition which is shifted from 3T ( in CePtSn) to B similar to 1 T and strongly reduced in magnitude (similar to 5% as compared with almost 40% for CePtSn). A simple scenario of physics in CePtSn - CePdSn system is proposed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Charles Univ Prague, Dept Elect Struct, Prague 14200 2, Czech Republic. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Janousova, B (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Dept Elect Struct, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 14200 2, Czech Republic. EM blanka@mag.mff.cuni.cz RI Detlefs, Blanka/C-9249-2009; Sechovsky, Vladimir/A-5256-2008 OI Sechovsky, Vladimir/0000-0003-1298-2120 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E117 EP E118 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.01.003 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200052 ER PT J AU Kang, JS Wi, SC Kim, JH McEwen, KA Olson, CG AF Kang, J. -S. Wi, S. C. Kim, J. H. McEwen, K. A. Olson, C. G. TI Resonant photoemission spectroscopy study of UTSn (T = Ni,Pd) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE uranium compounds; photoemission; phase transitions ID METALLIC MAGNET UNISN; TRANSITION; UPDSN AB The electronic structures of the localized 5f system UTSn (T = Ni, Pd) have been investigated using photoemission spectroscopy (PES). The U 5f PES spectra of UTSn exhibit a broad peak centered at approximate to 0.3 eV below E-F with rather small spectral weight near E-F (N-f(E-F)). The small N-f(E-F) in UTSn is found to be correlated with the T d PES spectra that have a very low DOS near E-F: (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kang, JS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. EM kangjs@catholic.ac.kr NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E235 EP E236 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.379 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200100 ER PT J AU Kang, JS Moritomo, Y Olson, CG Min, BI AF Kang, J. -S. Moritomo, Y. Olson, C. G. Min, B. I. TI Valence-band PES study of R2Mo2O7(R = Nd, Sm) pyrochlores SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE pyrochlore; photoemission; electronic structure AB The electronic structures of Mo-based pyrochlore oxides of R2Mo2O7 (R = Nd, Sm) have been investigated by using photoemission spectroscopy. The electronic states near E-F are found to have mainly Mo 4d character, and they are not affected much by R 4f states located well below EF: The origin of the stable ferromagnetic phase in Nd2Mo2O7 is discussed in terms of the kinetic energy optimization. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Nagoya Univ, CIRSE, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Kang, JS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. EM kangjs@catholic.ac.kr OI moritomo, yutaka/0000-0001-6584-7489 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E221 EP E222 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.164 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200094 ER PT J AU Kotegawa, H Kawasaki, S Harada, A Kawasaki, Y Okamoto, K Zheng, GQ Kitaoka, Y Yamamoto, E Haga, Y Onuki, Y Itoh, KM Haller, EE AF Kotegawa, H. Kawasaki, S. Harada, A. Kawasaki, Y. Okamoto, K. Zheng, G. -q. Kitaoka, Y. Yamamoto, E. Haga, Y. Onuki, Y. Itoh, K. M. Haller, E. E. TI The microscopic coexistence of superconductivityand ferromagnetism in UGe2: Ge-73-NMR/NQR study SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE superconductivity; ferromagnetism; NMR AB We report Ge-73-NMR/NQR measurements on the itinerant ferromagnetic (FM) superconductor UGe2 at P = 1.2 GPa. The temperature (T) dependence of the nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate (1/T-1) at zero field has demonstrated the onset of the superconducting (SC) transition at T-c = 0.7 K. The lack of a coherence peak in 1/T-1 just below T-c, followed by a T-3-like behavior, provide compelling evidence for the unconventional nature of the SC state that coexists with the FM state on a microscopic scale in UGe2. (C) 2003 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Keio Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Physicoinformat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kotegawa, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. EM kotegawa@nmr.mp.es.osqka-u.ac.jp RI KAWASAKI, Shinji/B-2586-2011; Zheng, Guo-qing/B-1524-2011; Itoh, Kohei/C-5738-2014 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E27 EP E28 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.410 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200012 ER PT J AU Koyama, T Mito, T Wada, S Sarrao, JL AF Koyama, Takehide Mito, Takeshi Wada, Shinji Sarrao, John. L. TI Pressure effect on YbInCu4 investigated with Cu-63 NQR SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE NQR; pressure effect; valence transition AB Application of pressure on the valence fluctuating compound YbInCu4 suppresses the valence transition temperature and stabilizes the high-temperature ( HT) magnetic phase. We have investigated microscopically the pressure effect on the electronic states of YbInCu4 with Cu-NQR under up to 1.68 GPa. The effect of pressure appears in the increase of quadrupole frequencies mainly caused by shrinking of the cell volume. Whereas the temperature-independent behavior of spin-lattice relaxation time T-1 in the HT phase and T1T = constant metallic behaviour in the LT phase are hardly affected by pressure, indicating that the electronic states in both HT and LT phases are rather insensitive to pressure up to 1.68 GPa. (C) 2003 Elsevier B. . All rights reserved. C1 Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koyama, T (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM koyama@cphys.cla.kobe-u.ac.jp NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E43 EP E44 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.143 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200020 ER PT J AU Landau, DP Tsai, SH Schulthess, TC AF Landau, D. P. Tsai, Shan-Ho Schulthess, Thomas C. TI Phase transitions in ferro-antiferromagnetic bilayers with a stepped interface SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bilayer; classical spin; anisotropy; Monte Carlo simulation AB We have studied magnetic ordering in ferro/antiferromagnetic (F/AF) bilayers using Monte Carlo simulations of classical Heisenberg spins. For both. at and stepped interfaces we observed order in the AF above the Neel temperature, with the AF spins aligning collinearly with the F moments. In the case of the stepped interface there is a transition from collinear to perpendicular alignment of the F and AF spins at a lower temperature. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Enterprise IT Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsai, SH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dlandau@uga.edu; tsai@physast.uga.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E817 EP E818 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.432 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200330 ER PT J AU Luban, M AF Luban, M. TI New issues in zero dimensions: magnetic molecules SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic molecules; Heisenberg model; time correlation functions; spin-lattice relaxation rate; neutron scattering ID HEISENBERG SPIN SYSTEMS; CLUSTERS; MODEL; STATE; CRYSTAL; LINKING AB We discuss some major features of isolated magnetic molecules where intermolecular magnetic interactions are negligible and the magnetic properties are determined using a Heisenberg model of intramolecular exchange between a relatively small number of diverse paramagnetic ions. We survey some of the more challenging issues and results that have emerged to date, including the spectrum of excitations, effects of geometric frustration, and critical slowing down of the spin dynamics at low temperatures. Primary attention is given to realizable magnetic molecules. (C) 2004 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Luban, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM luban@ameslab.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E635 EP E641 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.630 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200264 ER PT J AU McDonald, RD Singleton, J Harrison, N Lashley, JC AF McDonald, Ross D. Singleton, John Harrison, Neil Lashley, Jason C. TI de Haas-van Alphen spectra of the shape-memory alloy AuZn SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE martensitic transformation; shape memory effect AB The martensitic transition (MT) is found in a wide range of biological, chemical and condensed-matter systems. In spite of technological interest in the MT, many fundamentals remain unclear. In this paper, we use de Haas - van Alphen oscillations to study the martensitic phase of AuZn. The oscillations show that there is a single-variant low-temperature phase, and that the AuZn samples are exceptionally pure; hence, the MT is an intrinsic, rather than an extrinsic effect. Taken with other data that indicate that there are no precursor phases, this suggests that AuZn is an excellent "model'' MT system, and that it should be possible to describe the transformation in terms of a free-energy model requiring only simple input parameters. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jsingle@lanl.gov RI McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013 OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E1681 EP E1683 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.960 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200647 ER PT J AU Mito, T Koyama, T Wada, S Muramatsu, T Kobayashi, TC Sarrao, JL AF Mito, Takeshi Koyama, Takehide Wada, Shinji Muramatsu, Takaki Kobayashi, Tatsuo C. Sarrao, John L. TI Evidence for the pressure induced magnetic ordering in YbInCu4 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Yb-based compound; pressure effect; ferromagnetism AB We have carried out electrical resistivity rho and AC-susceptibility chi(AC) measurements on YbInCu4 under pressure. For pressures above 2.49 GPa, the first-order valence transition is completely suppressed and a clear peak appears in chi(AC) with a small kink in rho at T-M = 2.4 K. The chi(AC) peak is easily diminished by applying low magnetic fields and disappears above similar to 500 Oe. The characteristic behavior of chi(AC) at T-M can generally be ascribed to the onset of long-range ferromagnetic ordering and, therefore, the ground state of the pressure-stabilized phase of YbInCu4 is most probably a ferromagnetically ordered state. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Osaka Univ, KYOKUGEN, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mito, T (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Nada Ku, 1-1 Rokkodai Cho, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM mito@phys.sci.kobe-u.ac.jp RI KOBAYASHI, Tatsuo/B-1527-2011 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E47 EP E48 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.146 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200022 ER PT J AU Moreno, NO Israel, C Pagliuso, PG Garcia-Adeva, AJ Rettori, C Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Oseroff, SB AF Moreno, N. O. Israel, C. Pagliuso, P. G. Garcia-Adeva, A. J. Rettori, C. Sarrao, J. L. Thompson, J. D. Oseroff, S. B. TI Magnetic properties of the frustrated antiferromagnet LiCrO2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE LiCrO2; geometrical frustration; Cr3+; electron paramagnetic resonance AB We report electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and DC susceptibility (chi) measurements on the two-dimensional Heisenberg triangular-lattice antiferromagnet LiCrO2. From 150 to 615 K, the linewidth and the g-value are temperature independent, but below 150 K the linewidth broadens and g deviates from its high temperature value of 1.98, suggesting the presence of short-range antiferromagnetic correlations in the paramagnetic phase. chi(T) for T > T-N approximate to 62 K agrees with the predictions of the quantum-generalized constant-coupling approximation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Basque Country, ETS Ingn Ind & Telecom, Dept Fis Aplicada 1, Bilbao 48013, Spain. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Pagliuso, PG (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM pagliuso@ifi.unicamp.br RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Garcia Adeva, Angel/L-5157-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Garcia Adeva, Angel/0000-0003-2776-2390; NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E1023 EP E1024 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.122 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200411 ER PT J AU Nicklas, M Moreno, NO Borges, HA Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD AF Nicklas, M. Moreno, N. O. Borges, H. A. Bauer, E. D. Sarrao, J. L. Thompson, J. D. TI Effect of pressure on the ferromagnetic compound CeCu2Ga2 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE CeCu2Ga2; phase transition; ThCr2Si2-type; hydrostatic pressure; ferromagnetism AB We present electrical resistivity data under pressure, together with magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity studies, on the new ferromagnet CeCu2Ga2 (T-C = 6 K) which crystallizes in the ThCr2Si2-type structure. The pressure dependence of the resistivity shows that T-C increases linearly over the pressure range 0 to 2.5 GPa at a rate dT(C)/dP = 320 mK/GPa: (C) 2003 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nicklas, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, Noethnitzer Str 49, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM nicklas@cpfs.mpg.de RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Nicklas, Michael/B-6344-2008 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Nicklas, Michael/0000-0001-6272-2162 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E111 EP E112 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.518 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200049 ER PT J AU Procissi, D Suh, BJ Micotti, E Lascialfari, A Furukawa, Y Borsa, F AF Procissi, D. Suh, B. J. Micotti, E. Lascialfari, A. Furukawa, Y. Borsa, F. TI Critical slowing down of the spin dynamics in antiferromagnetic rings SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE molecular antiferromagnetic rings; nuclear magnetic resonance; nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate; spin-spin correlation function AB We report (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spin - lattice relaxation rates T(1)(-1) vs. T at different magnetic field values, for molecular antiferromagnetic (AFM) rings with S(Total) = 0 singlet ground state. New results in {CsFe8}; {Cr8} and {Fe6} are compared with previous results in {Fe6} and {Fe10}: In all cases a strong enhancement of T(1)(-1) was observed with a maximum occurring at some temperature T(0) which is found to be field dependent. It is shown that the critical enhancement appears to be a robust universal feature in these AFM rings for which a general theory is still lacking. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 Iowa State Univ I, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ I, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Procissi, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ I, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM procissi@ameslab.gov NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E741 EP E742 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1262 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200302 ER PT J AU Schroder, C Schnack, J Mentrup, D Luban, M AF Schroeder, C. Schnack, J. Mentrup, D. Luban, M. TI Critical slowing-down in classical and quantum Heisenberg magnetic molecules SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic molecule; Heisenberg model; time correlation function AB Two-spin equilibrium time correlation functions (TCF) are of fundamental importance for studying the spin dynamics of magnetic molecules since these quantities appear in formulas for inelastic neutron scattering and magnetic resonance experiments. For systems of classical and quantum spins (s> 1) interacting via antiferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange, we find the general result that the TCF exhibit critical slowing-down effects for T --> 0 K: the Fourier time transform of the TCF exhibits a growing peak that shifts towards zero frequency on cooling. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 Univ Appl Sci Bielefeld, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Osnabruck, Dept Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Philips Res Labs Hamburg, D-22335 Hamburg, Germany. RP Schroder, C (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Bielefeld, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany. EM christian.schroeder1@fh-bielefeld.de RI Schnack, Jurgen/A-4079-2008 OI Schnack, Jurgen/0000-0003-0702-2723 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E721 EP E723 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.01.064 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200295 ER PT J AU Su, Y Istomin, K Wermeille, D Fattah, A Foucart, P Meuffels, P Hupfeld, D Brueckel, T AF Su, Y. Istomin, K. Wermeille, D. Fattah, A. Foucart, P. Meuffels, P. Hupfeld, D. Brueckel, Th. TI Re-examination of charge and orbital ordering in lightly doped La1-xSrxMnO3 by X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE charge and orbital ordering; manganite; X-ray scattering ID DIFFRACTION; LAMNO3; PHASE AB We report on the new synchrotron X-ray scattering results from the re-investigation of charge and orbital ordering in lightly doped La1-xSrxMnO3. The resonant X-ray scattering from forbidden Bragg reflections was observed not only in the ferromagnetic insulating phase, but also in strongly Jahn-Teller distorted regime. Some of characteristic superstructure reflections were also found to show a clear resonant behavior at the Mn K absorption edge. It can be argued that the exact pattern of charge and orbital ordering should be much more complicated. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Solid State Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Su, Y (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Solid State Res, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM y.su@fz-juelich.de RI Bruckel, Thomas/J-2968-2013; Su, Yixi/K-9119-2013 OI Bruckel, Thomas/0000-0003-1378-0416; Su, Yixi/0000-0001-8434-1758 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E291 EP E292 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.163 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200126 ER PT J AU Suh, BJ Procissi, D Kogerler, P Micotti, E Lascialfari, A Borsa, F AF Suh, B. J. Procissi, D. Koegerler, P. Micotti, E. Lascialfari, A. Borsa, F. TI H-1 NMR study of dodecanuclear polyoxovanadate cluster {V12} SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE molecular magnet; nuclear magnetic resonance; nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate AB We report H-1 nuclear spin - lattice relaxation rates T-1(-1) in the magnetic cluster {V12}. While no critical enhancement in H-1 T-1(-1) was found at T similar to|J| contrary to other antiferromagnetic molecules, the T-1 rho(-1) was observed to exhibit a peak at 19 K. The different behavior is discussed in terms of critical effects in classical spins (s = 5/2) vs. quantum spins (s = 1/2). From the exponential drop of the proton T-1(-1) at low T; we obtained the gap values between the S-T = 0 ground state to the excited states: Delta(1) congruent to 17 K; Delta(2) congruent to 35 K; and Delta(3) congruent to 52 K. (C) 2004 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Unita INFM Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RP Suh, BJ (reprint author), Catholic Univ Korea, Dept Phys, Puchon 420743, South Korea. EM bjsuh@catholic.ac.kr RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E759 EP E761 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.606 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200308 ER PT J AU Suzuki, H Gignoux, D Schmitt, D Shigeoka, T Canfield, PC Detlefs, C AF Suzuki, H. Gignoux, D. Schmitt, D. Shigeoka, T. Canfield, P. C. Detlefs, C. TI Polar measurement of metamagnetic processes in X-Y tetragonal systems SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polar measurement; metamagnetic process; domain distribution; rare earth compounds AB We have performed polar measurements of the magnetization vector during the complex metamagnetic processes in tetragonal ErRu2Ge2 and RNi2B2C (R = Ho, Dy and Er). Wealthy information on the different field-induced phases was deduced. In addition to quantitative analyses of the metamagnetic processes, we have been able to study the domain distribution as functions of the field and the angle between the field and magnetic easy axis. (C) 2003 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Lab Magnetisme Louis Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Yamaguchi Univ, Fac Sci, Yamaguchi 7538512, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Suzuki, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM suzuhiro@tamamori.nims.go.jp RI Detlefs, Carsten/B-6244-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Detlefs, Carsten/0000-0003-2573-2286; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E459 EP E460 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.376 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200197 ER PT J AU Urbano, RR Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Oseroff, SB Rettori, C Bianchi, A Nakatsuji, S Fisk, Z AF Urbano, R. R. Pagliuso, P. G. Sarrao, J. L. Oseroff, S. B. Rettori, C. Bianchi, A. Nakatsuji, S. Fisk, Z. TI Evolution of the Eu2+ local environment in Ca1-xEuxB6 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE CaB6; crystal electric field; Eu2+; electron paramagnetic resonance ID FERROMAGNETISM AB The local environment of Eu2+ (4f(7), S = 7/2) in Ca1-xEuxB6 (0.003 <= x <= 0.10 and x = 1.00) was studied by electron spin resonance. For x = 0.003 the spectra show resolved fine and hyperfine structure due to the electric cubic crystal field and nuclear hyperfine field, respectively. The observed Lorentzian line shape indicates an insulating environment for the Eu2+ ions. As x increases (x > 0.003) the lines broaden and became Dysonian in shape, suggesting a metallic environment for the Eu2+ ions. In contrast to our previous work in Ca1-xGdxB6; the resolved fine structure can be observed in the metallic regime up to x similar or equal to 0.10 and no coexistence of insulating/metallic-like spectra was found. (C) 2003 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Urbano, RR (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM urbano@ifi.unicamp.br RI Rettori, Carlos/C-3966-2012; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Urbano, Ricardo/F-5017-2012; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Rettori, Carlos/0000-0001-6692-7915; Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971; NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E1659 EP E1661 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.01.038 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200639 ER PT J AU Yildiz, F Yalcin, O Ozdemir, M Aktas, B Koseoglu, Y Jiang, JS AF Yildiz, F. Yalcin, O. Oezdemir, M. Aktas, B. Koeseoglu, Y. Jiang, J. S. TI Magnetic properties of Sm-Co/Fe exchange spring magnets SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ferromagnetic resonance; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic multilayer; magnetic recording material AB The magnetic properties of Cr/Sm-Co/Fe/Cr multilayers epitaxially grown on MgO(1 1 0) substrate system have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. ESR measurements have been carried out for various direction of DC magnetic field with respect to the crystalline axes. Both overall magnetization and ESR spectra exhibit very strong angular dependence. Analysis of the results shows that the easy axis of hard Sm - Co layer is not perfectly parallel to the film plane; rather it is slightly tilted (15 degrees) toward film normal. The deduced value for exchange coupling parameter between hard Sm - Co and soft Fe layers is about 80 kA/m. (C) 2004 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 Gebze Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. Marmara Univ, Fac Art & Sci, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey. Fatih Univ, Fac Art & Sci, Dept Phys, TR-34900 Istanbul, Turkey. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yildiz, F (reprint author), Gebze Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. EM fyildiz@penta.gyte.edu.tr RI OZDEMIR, MUSTAFA/G-3170-2012 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 272 SU 1 BP E1941 EP E1942 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1057 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V42WI UT WOS:000202897200729 ER PT J AU Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V Wang, CM Weber, WJ Jiang, W Cavanagh, A Lian, J Wang, LM AF Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V Wang, CM Weber, WJ Jiang, W Cavanagh, A Lian, J Wang, LM TI Ion-beam synthesis of epitaxial Au nanocrystals in MgO SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; IMPLANTATION; NANOCLUSTERS; SURFACES; SILICON; GROWTH AB The formation of Au nanoclusters in MgO using ion implantation and subsequent annealing was investigated. Approximately 1200 and 1400 Au2+, ions/nm(2) were implanted in MgO(100) substrates at 300 and 975 K, respectively. Subsequent annealing in air for 10 h at 1275 K promoted the formation of Au nanostructures in MgO. The sample implanted at 300 K showed severe radiation damage. In addition, two-dimensional plateletlike structures with possible composition of Au and MgO were formed during implantation in the sample that was implanted at 300 K. In contrast, Au implantation at 975 K promoted the nucleation of Au nanostructures during implantation. Subsequent annealing of both samples show three-dimensional clusters in MgO. However, the 975 K implanted sample shows clean, high-quality, single-crystal Au clusters that have an epitaxial relationship to MgO(100). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Geol Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Thevuthasan, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM theva@pnl.gov RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1314 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.0174 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DL UT WOS:000222316500003 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Azad, S Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V McCready, DE Peden, CHF AF Wang, CM Azad, S Thevuthasan, S Shutthanandan, V McCready, DE Peden, CHF TI Distortion of the oxygen sublattice in pure cubic-ZrO2 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TETRAGONAL PHASE-TRANSITION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ZRO2-YO1.5 SOLID-SOLUTIONS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; NEUTRON; GROWTH AB Multilayer films of pure ZrO2 and CeO2 were grown using molecular beam epitaxy on a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate. Distinctive forbidden diffraction spots of (odd, odd, even) type were observed on the selected-area electron-diffraction patterns of the film. Dark-field imaging clearly revealed that these forbidden diffraction spots were solely due to the ZrO2 layers. Comparison of the electron diffraction pattern with that simulated by dynamical calculations suggest that the pure ZrO2 layers possess a cubic structure of space with the group P(4) over bar 3m oxygen sublattice being displaced diagonally, rather than along the c axis as suggested for YSZ. Our results further suggest that the displacement of the oxygen from the ideal (1/4, 1/4, 1/4) position might have been introduced during the film growth process. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongmin.wang@pnl.gov OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1319 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.0175 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DL UT WOS:000222316500004 ER PT J AU Bell, NS Cesarano, J Voigt, JA Lockwood, SJ Dimos, DB AF Bell, NS Cesarano, J Voigt, JA Lockwood, SJ Dimos, DB TI Colloidal processing of chemically prepared zinc oxide varistors. Part I: Milling and dispersion of powder SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTROACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY; POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID); POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); SUSPENSIONS; IONS; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; ALUMINA AB Chemically prepared zinc oxide powders are fabricated for the production of high aspect ratio varistor components. Colloidal processing was performed to reduce agglomerates to primary particles, form a high solids loading slurry, and prevent dopant migration. The milled and dispersed powder exhibited a viscoelastic to elastic behavioral transition at a volume loading of 43-46%. The origin of this transition was studied using acoustic spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, and oscillatory rheology. The phenomenon occurs due to a volume fraction solids dependent reduction in the zeta potential of the solid phase. It is postulated to result from divalent ion binding within the polyelectrolyte dispersant chain and was mitigated using a polyethylene glycol plasticizing additive. This allowed for increased solids loading in the slurry and a green body fabrication study to be presented in our companion paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bell, NS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM nsbell@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1333 EP 1340 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.0179 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DL UT WOS:000222316500008 ER PT J AU Bell, NS Voigt, JA Tuttle, BA Dimos, DB AF Bell, NS Voigt, JA Tuttle, BA Dimos, DB TI Colloidal processing of chemically prepared zinc oxide varistors. Part II: Near-net-shape forming and fired electrical properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-GROWTH; ZNO AB Chemically prepared zinc oxide powders were processed for the production of high aspect ratio varistor components (length/diameter >5). Near-net-shape casting methods including slip casting and agarose gelcasting were evaluated for effectiveness in achieving a uniform green microstructure that densifies to near theoretical values during sintering. The structure of the green parts was examined by mercury porisimetry. Agarose gelcasting produced green parts having low solids loading values and did not achieve high fired density. Isopressing the agarose cast parts after drying raised the fired density to greater than 95%, but the parts exhibited catastrophic shorting during electrical testing. Slip casting produced high green density parts, which exhibit high fired density values. The electrical characteristics of slip-cast parts are comparable with dry-pressed powder compacts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM nsbell@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1341 EP 1347 DI 10.1557/jmr.2004.0180 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DL UT WOS:000222316500009 ER PT J AU DiMasi, E Sarikaya, M AF DiMasi, E Sarikaya, M TI Synchrotron x-ray microbeam diffraction from abalone shell SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLAT PEARLS; NACRE; BIOFABRICATION; ORIENTATION; GROWTH AB Microstructured biomaterials such as mollusk shells receive much attention at present, due to the promise that advanced materials can be designed and synthesized with biomimetic techniques that take advantage of self-assembly and aqueous, ambient processing conditions. A satisfactory understanding of this process requires characterization of the microstructure not only in the mature biomaterial, but at the growth fronts where the control over crystal morphology and orientation is enacted. In this paper, we present synchrotron microbeam x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy observations near the nacre-prismatic interface of red abalone shell. The relative orientations of calcite and aragonite grains exhibit some differences from the idealizations reported previously. Long calcite grains impinge the nacre-prismatic boundary at 45degrees angles, suggestive of nucleation on (104) planes followed by growth along the c axis. In the region within 100 mum of the boundary, calcite and aragonite crystals lose their bulk orientational order, but we found no evidence for qualitative changes in long-range order such as ideal powder texture or an amorphous structure factor. XRD rocking curves determined the mosaic of calcite crystals in the prismatic region to be no broader than the 0.3degrees resolution limit of the beamline's capillary optics, comparable to what can be measured on geological calcite single crystals. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11975 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP DiMasi, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11975 USA. EM dimasi@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1471 EP 1476 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0196 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DL UT WOS:000222316500026 ER PT J AU Thompson, GB Banerjee, R Dregia, SA Miller, MK Fraser, HL AF Thompson, GB Banerjee, R Dregia, SA Miller, MK Fraser, HL TI A comparison of pseudomorphic bcc phase stability in Zr/Nb and Ti/Nb thin film multilayers (vol 19, pg 707, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction ID TITANIUM/ALUMINUM MULTILAYERS; ZR; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPERLATTICES; TITANIUM AB A series of Nb-rich Zr/Nb and Ti/Nb multilayers were sputter deposited. Upon a reduction in thickness, a pseudomorphic bcc phase was stabilized in the Zr and Ti layers. X-ray and electron diffraction techniques were used to confirm these phase transformations. The change in phase stability was modeled by the competition between volumetric and interfacial components of the total free energy of a unit bilayer representing the multilayer. An outcome of this model is the ability to plot phase stability diagrams for multilayers, referred to as biphase diagrams, as a function of bilayer thickness and volume fraction. A comparison of the phase stability boundary between hcp/bcc and bcc/bcc for these two systems has shown that the bcc Ti's pseudomorphic phase stabilization is maintained for a much larger layer thickness as compared to Zr. Atom probe compositional profiles of the Ti/Nb multilayers have indicated that the Nb layers interdiffused into the Ti layers thus helping to facilitate the bcc Ti phase stability in the Ti/Nb multilayers. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thompson, GB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1582 EP 1590 DI 10.1557/JMR2004.0091 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DL UT WOS:000222316500043 ER PT J AU Jasionowski, M Krzyminski, K Chrisler, W Markille, LM Morris, J Gutowska, A AF Jasionowski, M Krzyminski, K Chrisler, W Markille, LM Morris, J Gutowska, A TI Thermally-reversible gel for 3-D cell culture of chondrocytes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; COPOLYMER SOLUTIONS; PHENOTYPE; TEMPERATURE; ALGINATE; REPAIR; TRANSPLANTATION; MATRIX; BEADS AB Regeneration of destroyed articular cartilage can be induced by transplantation of cartilage cells into a defect. The best results are obtained by the use of autologus cells. However, obtaining large amounts of autologus cartilage cells causes a problem of creating a large cartilage defect in a donor site. Techniques are currently being developed to harvest a small number of cells and propagate them in vitro. It is a challenging task, however, due to the fact that ordinarily, in a cell culture on flat surfaces, chondrocytes do not maintain their in vivo phenotype and irreversibly diminish or cease the synthesis of the phenotypic markers for articular chondrocytes. Therefore, the research is continuing to develop culture conditions for chondrocytes with the preserved phenotype. We have investigated the use of thermoreversible gelling polymer based on N-isopropylacrylamide for the in vitro cell culture of chondrocytes. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jasionowski, M (reprint author), Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. EM marekj@chemik.chem.univ.gda.pl NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 15 IS 5 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1023/B:JMSM.0000026379.24560.a2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 817LF UT WOS:000221178300004 PM 15386965 ER PT J AU Dutilh, BE Huynen, MA Bruno, WJ Snel, B AF Dutilh, BE Huynen, MA Bruno, WJ Snel, B TI The consistent phylogenetic signal in genome trees revealed by reducing the impact of noise SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE genome phylogeny; horizontal gene transfer; gene loss; genome evolution; character weighting; thermophilic bacteria ID UNIVERSAL TREE; GENE-TRANSFER; AQUIFEX-PYROPHILUS; SEQUENCE; BACTERIA; EVOLUTION; ARCHAEAL; DATABASE; PROTEIN; DISTANCE AB Phylogenetic trees based on gene repertoires are remarkably similar to the current consensus of life history. Yet it has been argued that shared gene content is unreliable for phylogenetic reconstruction because of convergence in gene content due to horizontal gene transfer and parallel gene loss. Here we test this argument, by filtering out as noise those orthologous groups that have an inconsistent phylogenetic distribution, using two independent methods. The resulting phylogenies do indeed contain small but significant improvements. More importantly, we find that the majority of orthologous groups contain some phylogenetic signal and that the resulting phylogeny is the only detectable signal present in the gene distribution across genomes. Horizontal gene transfer or parallel gene loss does not cause systematic biases in the gene content tree. C1 Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Mol & Biomol Informat, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dutilh, BE (reprint author), Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. EM dutilh@cmbi.kun.nl RI Snel, Berend/B-8886-2011; Dutilh, Bas/B-9719-2011; Huynen, Martijn/A-1530-2014 OI Snel, Berend/0000-0002-5804-8547; Dutilh, Bas/0000-0003-2329-7890; NR 54 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 58 IS 5 BP 527 EP 539 DI 10.1007/s00239-003-2575-6 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 819QB UT WOS:000221328600005 PM 15170256 ER PT J AU Loccisano, AE Acevedo, O DeChancie, J Schulze, BG Evanseck, JD AF Loccisano, AE Acevedo, O DeChancie, J Schulze, BG Evanseck, JD TI Enhanced sampling by multiple molecular dynamics trajectories: carbonmonoxy myoglobin 10 mu s A0 -> A(1-3) transition from ten 400 picosecond simulations SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 223rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 07-11, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc ID PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HEME-PROTEINS; LIGAND-BINDING; MONOXIDE BINDING; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ENERGY LANDSCAPES; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; STRETCHING FREQUENCY AB The utility of multiple trajectories to extend the time scale of molecular dynamics simulations is reported for the spectroscopic A-states of carbonmonoxy myoglobin (MbCO). Experimentally, the A(0) --> A(1-3) transition has been observed to be 10 mus at 300 K, which is beyond the time scale of standard molecular dynamics simulations. To simulate this transition, 10 short (400 ps) and two longer time (1.2 ns) molecular dynamics trajectories, starting from five different crystallographic and solution phase structures with random initial velocities centered in a 37 Angstrom radius sphere of water, have been used to sample the native-fold of MbCO. Analysis of the ensemble of structures gathered over the cumulative 5.6 ns reveals two biomolecular motions involving the side chains of His64 and Arg45 to explain the spectroscopic states of MbCO. The 10 mus A(0) --> A(1-3) transition involves the motion of His64, where distance between His64 and CO is found to vary up to 8.8 +/- 1.0 Angstrom during the transition of His64 from the ligand (A(1-3)) to bulk solvent (A(0)). The His64 motion occurs within a single trajectory only once, however the multiple trajectories populate the spectroscopic A-states fully. Consequently, multiple independent molecular dynamics simulations have been found to extend biomolecular motion from 5 ns of total simulation to experimental phenomena on the microsecond time scale. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Duquesne Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Natl Energy & Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Munich Biotech AG, D-82061 Neuried, Germany. RP Evanseck, JD (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. EM evanseck@duq.edu NR 121 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 SI SI BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.mgm.2003.12.004 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 817WU UT WOS:000221208400006 PM 15099833 ER PT J AU Branchi, I Bichler, Z Minghetti, L Delabar, JM Malchiodi-Albedi, F Gonzalez, MC Chettouh, Z Nicolini, A Chabert, C Smith, DJ Rubin, EM Migliore-Samour, D Alleva, E AF Branchi, I Bichler, Z Minghetti, L Delabar, JM Malchiodi-Albedi, F Gonzalez, MC Chettouh, Z Nicolini, A Chabert, C Smith, DJ Rubin, EM Migliore-Samour, D Alleva, E TI Transgenic mouse in vivo library of human down syndrome critical region 1: Association between DYRK1A overexpression, brain development abnormalities, and cell cycle protein alteration SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain size; CREB; development; Down syndrome; DYRK1A; FKHR; neuronal size ID FORKHEAD TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; RETINAL DEGENERATION; BEHAVIORAL-ANALYSIS; PROGENITOR CELLS; MICE; KINASE; MINIBRAIN; GENE AB Down syndrome is the most frequent genetic cause of mental retardation, having an incidence of I in 700 live births. In the present study we used a transgenic mouse in vivo library consisting of 4 yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) transgenic mouse lines, each bearing a different fragment of the Down syndrome critical region 1 (DCR-1), implicated in brain abnormalities characterizing this pathology. The 152F7 fragment, in addition to genes also located on the other DCR-1 fragments, bears the DYRK1A gene, encoding for a serine-threonine kinase. The neurobehavioral analysis of these mouse lines showed that DYRK1A overexpressing 152177 mice but not the other lines display learning impairment and hyperactivity during development. Additionally, 152F7 mice display increased brain weight and neuronal size. At a biochemical level we found DYRK1A overexpression associated with a development-dependent increase in phosphorylation of the transcription factor FKHR and with high levels of cyclin B 1, suggesting for the first time in vivo a correlation between DYRK1A overexpression and cell cycle protein alteration. In addition, we found an altered phosphorylation of transcription factors of CREB family. Our findings support a role of DYRK1A overexpression in the neuronal abnormalities seen in Down syndrome and suggest that this pathology is linked to altered levels of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Sect Behav Neurosci, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Mol Neurobiochem, Bochum, Germany. Inst Transgenose, CNRS, FRE 2358, Orleans, France. Univ Paris, Paris, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Branchi, I (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Sect Behav Neurosci, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM branchi@iss.it RI Alleva, Enrico/B-1630-2013; Minghetti, Luisa/I-9540-2014; Malchiodi-Albedi, Fiorella/A-5944-2015; OI Minghetti, Luisa/0000-0002-7065-4689; Malchiodi-Albedi, Fiorella/0000-0001-7202-0391; Branchi, Igor/0000-0003-4484-3598 NR 63 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 63 IS 5 BP 429 EP 440 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 822SC UT WOS:000221559400003 PM 15198122 ER PT J AU Okita, T Wolfer, WG AF Okita, T Wolfer, WG TI A critical test of the classical rate theory for void swelling SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATED METALS; AUSTENITIC ALLOYS; DEFECT CLUSTERS; HCP METALS; DOSE-RATE; EVOLUTION; STEELS; STABILITY; MOBILITY; DAMAGE AB Complete sets of microstructural data have recently become available for two different irradiation times and for pure ternary alloys of austenitic stainless steels. Using these data as input to the classical rate theory of void swelling, swelling rates are computed and compared with the experimental data. Computations are performed for the ranges of physical parameters as suggested by experimental measurements or basic theory. It is found that classical rate theory predicts swelling rates in remarkably good agreement with the data for a limited set of parameter values. For example, dislocation bias factor ratios can be narrowed from the initial range of 1.1-2.0 down to the range of 1.25-1.55. An explanation is provided for the success of classical rate theory in spite of the fact that a significant fraction of interstitials form and migrate as clusters. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM okita1@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 327 IS 2-3 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.01.026 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 813WJ UT WOS:000220936900006 ER PT J AU Heinisch, HL Greenwood, LR Weber, WJ Williford, RE AF Heinisch, HL Greenwood, LR Weber, WJ Williford, RE TI Displacement damage in silicon carbide irradiated in fission reactors SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYATOMIC MATERIALS; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Calculations are performed for displacement damage in SiC due to irradiation in the neutron environments of various types of nuclear reactors using the best available models and nuclear data. The displacement damage calculations use recently developed damage functions for SiC that are based on extensive molecular dynamics simulations of displacement events. Displacements per atom (DPA) cross sections for SiC have been calculated as a function of neutron energy, and they are presented here in tabular form to facilitate their use as the standard measure of displacement damage for irradiated SiC. DPA cross sections averaged over the neutron energy spectrum are calculated for neutron spectra in the cores of typical commercial reactors and in the test sample irradiation regions of several materials test reactors used in both past and present irradiation testing. Particular attention is focused on a next-generation high-temperature gas-cooled pebble bed reactor, for which the high-temperature properties of silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites are well suited. Calculated transmutations and activation levels in a pebble bed reactor are compared to those in other reactors. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heinisch, HL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Rd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hl.heinisch@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 17 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 327 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.02.012 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 813WJ UT WOS:000220936900012 ER PT J AU Hattori, N Bergsneider, M Wu, HM Glenn, TC Vespa, PM Hovda, DA Phelps, ME Huang, SC AF Hattori, N Bergsneider, M Wu, HM Glenn, TC Vespa, PM Hovda, DA Phelps, ME Huang, SC TI Accuracy of a method using short inhalation of O-15-O-2 for measuring cerebral oxygen extraction fraction with PET in healthy humans SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PET; arteriovenous oxygen difference; oxygen extraction fraction; short inhalation of oxygen gas; validation ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SEVERE HEAD-INJURY; BLOOD-FLOW; QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT; ERROR ANALYSIS; METABOLISM; ISCHEMIA; HYPOPERFUSION; CONSUMPTION; HEMORRHAGE AB PET with short inhalation of O-15-O-2 provides regional oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in a shorter acquisition time and with less radiation exposure than does the steady-state method. The purpose of this study was to test the accuracy of the short-inhalation technique for estimating OEF in healthy human volunteers. Methods: The final study population included 16 healthy volunteers, who underwent a series of dynamic PET scans consisting of short inhalation of O-15-CO, short inhalation of O-15-O-2, and a bolus infusion of O-15-H2O to generate parametric images for cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), OEF, and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). About 45 min before PET emission scanning, arterial and jugular blood was sampled through a catheter inserted in a radial artery and the right jugular bulb, respectively. PET-derived OEF (OEFpet) of the whole brain was compared with OEF calculated from the arteriovenous blood-sampling technique (OEFav). Results: Whole-brain-averaged CBF (mean +/- SD) measured with PET was 0.40 +/- 0.06 (range, 0.30-0.55) mL/g/min, CBV was 0.05 +/- 0.01 (range, 0.04-0.09) mL/g, CMRO2 was 2.85 +/- 0.39 (range, 2.35-3.84) mL/100 g/min, and OEFpet was 0.39 +/- 0.06 (range, 0.30-0.51). OEFpet showed a slightly higher value than did OEFav (0.36 +/- 0.05 [range, 0.29-0.46]), but the difference was not significant. The difference in the 2 measurements (OEFpet OEFav) did not correlate with CBF (r = -0.16; P = not statistically significant [NS]), CBV (r = -0.20; P = NS), CMRO2 (r = -0.16; P = NS), partial arterial oxygen pressure (r = 0.29; P = NS) or partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure (r = -0.17; P = NS). Conclusion: Compared with the arteriovenous blood-sampling technique, a technique using short inhalation of O-15-O-2 did not significantly over- or underestimate global OEF in healthy human volunteers. The PET technique reasonably estimated the cerebral OEF in local brain tissues of healthy human volunteers. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Neurosurg, Brain Injury Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, DOE Ctr Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Hattori, N (reprint author), Box 956948, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM nhattori@mednet.ucla.edu RI Hattori, Naoya/G-2298-2012 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5 BP 765 EP 770 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 819WZ UT WOS:000221348300015 PM 15136624 ER PT J AU Wang, YX Voy, BJ Urs, S Kim, S Soltani-Bejnood, M Quigley, N Heo, YR Standridge, M Andersen, B Dhar, M Joshi, R Wortman, P Taylor, JW Chun, J Leuze, M Claycombe, K Saxton, AM Moustaid-Moussa, N AF Wang, YX Voy, BJ Urs, S Kim, S Soltani-Bejnood, M Quigley, N Heo, YR Standridge, M Andersen, B Dhar, M Joshi, R Wortman, P Taylor, JW Chun, J Leuze, M Claycombe, K Saxton, AM Moustaid-Moussa, N TI The human fatty acid synthase gene and de novo lipogenesis are coordinately regulated in human adipose tissue SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE linoleic acid; insulin; dexamethasone; sequence; gene transcription ID DENOVO LIPOGENESIS; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; HUMAN ADIPOCYTES; TRANSGENIC MICE; ENERGY-INTAKE; BODY-FAT; EXPRESSION; INSULIN; PROMOTER; CELLS AB Despite its potential importance in obesity and related disorders, little is known about regulation of lipogenesis in human adipose tissue. To investigate this area at the molecular and mechanistic levels, we studied lipogenesis and the regulation of 1 of its core enzymes, fatty acid synthase (FAS), in human adipose tissue in response to hormonal and nutritional manipulation. As a paradigm for lipogenic genes, we cloned the upstream region of the human FAS gene, compared its sequence to that of FAS orthologs from other species, and identified important regulatory elements that lie upstream of the FAS coding region. Lipogenesis, as assessed by glucose incorporation into lipids, was increased by insulin and more so by the combination of insulin and dexamethasone (Dex, a potent glucocorticoid analogue). In parallel, FAS expression, activity, and gene transcription rate were also significantly increased by these treatments. We also showed that linoleic acid, a representative PUFA, attenuated the actions of insulin and Dex on fatty acid and lipid synthesis as well as FAS activity and expression. Using reporter assays, we determined that the regions responsible for hormonal regulation of the FAS gene lie in the proximal portion of the gene's 5'-flanking region, within which we identified an insulin response element similar to the E-box sequence we identified previously in the rat FAS gene. In summary, we demonstrated that lipogenesis occurs in human adipose tissue and can be induced by insulin, further enhanced by glucocorticoids, and suppressed by PUFA in a hormone-dependent manner. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Agr Expt Stn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Plast Surg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Moustaid-Moussa, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM moustaid@utk.edu NR 49 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 134 IS 5 BP 1032 EP 1038 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 820XK UT WOS:000221423000007 PM 15113941 ER PT J AU Pannell, MA Brandt, MT Boatright, DT AF Pannell, MA Brandt, MT Boatright, DT TI A field evaluation of the predictive value of a hand-held drum pressure detection device SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE acoustic resonance spectroscopy; drum pressure prediction; drum pressurization AB According to Environmental Protection Agency estimates, 20% of hazardous waste drums currently managed in the 6500 known, uncontrolled Superfund removal or remediation sites contain some degree of elevated internal pressurization. This estimate increases to 90% during the summer months, and, overall, tip to 5% of the drums stored in active treatment, storage, and disposal facilities may be pressurized. The ability to identify pressurized drums in real-time would enhance worker health and safety, reduce the potential for environmental contamination, and minimize property damage. A prototype hand-held drum pressure detection device was field tested at all active Resource Conservation and Recovery Act mixed waste operation using acoustic resonance spectroscopy technology to identify pressurized drums. The waste operation used a drum venting system that measured the actual drum pressure of retrieved drums. Drum venting system data were analyzed to quantify the ability of the drum pressure detection device to correctly identify drums with elevated internal pressure. After 456 drums were measured, the dichotomous pressure data (pressurized vs. nonpressurized) were analyzed. The relationship between the drum venting system and drum pressure detection device pressure data was found to be statistically significant. With alpha and beta values of 0.05, the negative predictive value was 0.94, the positive predictive value was 0.47, the sensitivity was 0.82, and the specificity was 0.77. Although capable of identifying nonpressurized drums, this instrument may not be appropriate for general use. Study results and critical improvements necessary to improve the instrument's predictive value, specificity, and sensitivity are presented. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73190 USA. RP Pannell, MA (reprint author), POB 1461, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mikep@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 1 IS 5 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1080/15459620490445480 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 821GD UT WOS:000221447500008 PM 15238340 ER PT J AU Silin, DB Jin, GD Patzek, TW AF Silin, DB Jin, GD Patzek, TW TI Robust determination of the pore-space morphology in sedimentary rocks SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This approach to study the morphology (shapes and connectivity) of sedimentary-rock pore space is based on fundamental concepts of mathematical morphology. An efficient and stable algorithm is proposed that distinguishes between the pore bodies and pore throats and establishes their respective volumes and connectivity. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Silin, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 0149-2136 J9 J PETROL TECHNOL JI J. Pet. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 56 IS 5 BP 69 EP 70 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 816LO UT WOS:000221111600016 ER PT J AU Sorescu, M Diamandescu, L Tarabasanu-Mihaila, D Teodorescu, VS Howard, BH AF Sorescu, M Diamandescu, L Tarabasanu-Mihaila, D Teodorescu, VS Howard, BH TI Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of (1-x)alpha-Fe2O3-xSnO(2) nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE magnetic materials; chemical synthesis; Mossbauer spectroscopy; x-ray diffraction ID DOPED ALPHA-FE2O3; GAS; SENSORS; SNO2; TIN AB Structural and morphological characteristics of (1 - x)alpha-Fe2O3-xSnO(2) (x = 0.0- 1.0) nanoparticles obtained under hydrothermal conditions have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray analysis. On the basis of the Rietveld structure refinements of the XRD spectra at low tin concentrations, it was found that Sn4+ ions partially substitute for Fe3+ at the octahedral sites and also occupy the interstitial octahedral sites which are vacant in alpha-Fe2O3 corundum structure. A phase separation of alpha-Fe2O3 and SnO2 was observed for x greater than or equal to 0.4 : the alpha-Fe2O3 Structure containing tin decreases simultaneously with the increase of the SnO2 phase containing substitutional iron ions. The mean particle dimension decreases from 70 to 6 DID, as the molar fraction x increases up to x = 1.0. The estimated solubility limits in the nanoparticle system (1 - x)alpha-Fe2O3-xSnO(2) synthesized under hydrothermal conditions are: x less than or equal to 0.2 for Sn4+ in alpha-Fe2O3 and x greater than or equal to 0.7 for Fe3+ in SnO2. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Duquesne Univ, Bayer Sch Nat & Environm Sci, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Natl Inst Mat Phys, Bucharest, Romania. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Fuels & Proc Chem Div, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sorescu, M (reprint author), Duquesne Univ, Bayer Sch Nat & Environm Sci, Dept Phys, 211 Bayer Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. EM sorescu@duq.edu RI Teodorescu, Valentin Serban/B-7577-2011; Diamandescu, Constantin/F-1704-2011 NR 16 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD MAY PY 2004 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1021 EP 1029 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.10.062 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 806CN UT WOS:000220412100025 ER PT J AU Blonder, J Goshe, MB Xiao, WZ Camp, DG Wingerd, M Davis, RW Smith, RD AF Blonder, J Goshe, MB Xiao, WZ Camp, DG Wingerd, M Davis, RW Smith, RD TI Global analysis of the membrane subproteome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using liquid chromatography-tandem mass SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proteome; membrane proteins; low abundance; LC-MS/MS; affinity labeling ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; SUCCINATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ABC TRANSPORTERS; OUTER-MEMBRANE; BETA-LACTAMASE; EFFLUX OPERON; PROTEINS AB Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most significant opportunistic bacterial pathogens in humans causing infections and premature death in patients with cystic fibrosis, AIDS, severe burns, organ transplants, or cancer. Liquid chromatography coupled online with tandem mass spectrometry was used for the large-scale proteomic analysis of the P. aeruginosa membrane subproteome. Concomitantly, an affinity labeling technique, using iodoacetyl-PEO biotin to tag cysteinyl-containing proteins, permitted the enrichment and detection of lower abundance membrane proteins. The application of these approaches resulted in the identification of 786 proteins. A total of 333 proteins (42%) had a minimum of one transmembrane domain (ranging from 1 to 14) and 195 proteins were classified as hydrophobic based on their positive GRAVY values (ranging from 0.01 to 1.32). Key integral inner and outer membrane proteins involved in adaptation and antibiotic resistance were conclusively identified, including the detection of 53% of all predicted opr-type porins (outer integral membrane proteins) and all the components of the mexA-mexB-oprM transmembrane protein complex. This work represents one of the most comprehensive proteomic analyses of the membrane subproteome of P. aeruginosa and for prokaryotes in general. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pni.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [P01 HG00205] NR 59 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 434 EP 444 DI 10.1021/pr034074w PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 829UK UT WOS:000222075500011 PM 15253424 ER PT J AU Zhu, WH Reich, CI Olsen, GJ Giometti, CS Yates, JR AF Zhu, WH Reich, CI Olsen, GJ Giometti, CS Yates, JR TI Shotgun proteomics of Methanococcus jannaschii and insights into methanogenesis SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE proteomics; MudPIT; LC/LC/MS/MS; Methanococcus jannaschii; mass spectrometry; SEQUEST; methanogenesis; archaea; intein ID THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM DELTA-H; MASS-SPECTRAL DATA; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; COENZYME-M METHYLTRANSFERASE; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; M-REDUCTASE; DEHYDROGENASE; ARCHAEA; GROWTH AB Methanococcus jannaschii is an autotrophic hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from an oceanic hydrothermal vent. Its primary pathway for energy production is methanogenesis from H-2 and CO2. High-throughput Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology based on microcapillary LC/LC/MS/MS was used to investigate the proteome of M. jannaschii and the methanogenesis pathway in cells grown in complex medium with high H2 Supply. A total of 963 proteins have been unambiguously identified. The identified proteins represent similar to54% of the whole genome of M. jannaschii. About 44% of the identified proteins are either conserved hypothetical or hypothetical proteins. We identified 83-95% of the proteins predicted to be involved in amino acid biosynthesis, cellular processes, central intermediary metabolism, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transcription, and purine, pyridine, nucleoside, and nucleotide synthesis. Over 40% of these proteins have better than 50% sequence coverage. Approximately 90% of the predicted methanogenesis proteins were detected. In contrast, only 27-37% of predicted hypothetical proteins, proteins involved in transport and binding, and proteins with regulatory functions were identified. High peptide number, spectrum count, and sequence coverage have been used as indicators of high expression levels and are in good agreement with codon bias analysis. Predicted intein peptides were detected in MJ1043 (DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit A"), MJ0542 (phosphoenolpyruvate synthase), MJ0782 (transcription initiation factor IIB), and MJ1422 (putative replication factor C subunit). New peptides created by protein splicing were detected in MJ0885 (DNA dependent DNA polymerase), MJ0542, and MJ0782. The methanogenesis pathway and the enzymes involved are also discussed. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Yates, JR (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Cell Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jyates@scripps.edu NR 50 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 538 EP 548 DI 10.1021/pr034109s PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 829UK UT WOS:000222075500022 PM 15253435 ER PT J AU Hendron, R Farrar-Nagy, S Anderson, R Reeves, P Hancock, E AF Hendron, R Farrar-Nagy, S Anderson, R Reeves, P Hancock, E TI Thermal performance of unvented attics in hot-dry climates: Results from building America SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE attic ventilation; unvented attic; residential; duct leakage; energy efficiency; building America AB As unvented attics have become a more common design feature implemented by Building America partners in hot-dry climates of the United States, more attention has been focused on how this approach affects heating and cooling energy consumption. By eliminating the ridge and eave vents that circulate outside air through the attic in most new houses and by moving the insulation front the attic floor to the underside of the roof an unvented attic becomes a semiconditioned space, creating a more benign environment for space conditioning ducts. An energy trade-off is made, however because the additional surface area (and perhaps reduced insulation thickness) increases the building loss coefficient. Other advantages and disadvantages, unrelated to energy, must also be considered. This paper addresses the energy-related effects of unvented attics in hot-dry climates based on field testing and analysis conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Partnership Resource Conservat, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Mt Energy Partnership, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Hendron, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD MAY PY 2004 VL 126 IS 2 BP 732 EP 737 DI 10.1115/1.1687795 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 820OB UT WOS:000221398000007 ER PT J AU Barley, CD Torcellini, P Van Geet, O AF Barley, CD Torcellini, P Van Geet, O TI Design and performance of the Van Geet off-grid home SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE residential; off-grid; high performance; passive solar ID GROUND-COUPLED HEAT; MOISTURE TRANSFER AB The Von Geet home near Denver Colorado, demonstrates the successful integration of energy conservation measures and renewable energy supply in a beautiful, comfortable, energy-efficient, 295-m(2) (3,176-ft(2)) off-grid home in a cold, sunny climate. Features include a tight envelope, energy-efficient appliances, passive solar heating (direct gain and Trombe wall), natural cooling, solar hot water, and photovoltaics. 117 addition to describing this house and its performance, this paper describes the recommended design process of (1) setting a goal,for energy efficiency at the outset, (2) applying rules of thumb, and (3) using computer simulation to fine-tune the design. Performance monitoring and computer simulation are combined for the best possible analysis of energy performance. In this case, energy savings are estimated as 89% heating and cooling (Compared to 95 MEC), 83% electrical, and nearly 100% domestic water heating. The heating and cooling energy use is 8.96 kJ/degreesC.day.m(2) (0.44 Btu/degreesF.day.ft(2)). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Barley, CD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 2722, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dennis_barley@nrel.gov; paul_torcellini@nrel.gov; otto_vangeet@nrel.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD MAY PY 2004 VL 126 IS 2 BP 738 EP 743 DI 10.1115/1.1644560 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 820OB UT WOS:000221398000008 ER PT J AU Yonker, CR Linehan, JC AF Yonker, CR Linehan, JC TI A high-pressure NMR investigation of reaction chemistries in a simple salt hydrate SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE salt hydrate; ionic liquid; supercritical fluids; high-pressure NMR; methylcarbonate ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; CO2; CATALYSIS; HYDROFORMYLATION; HYDROGENATION; MIXTURES AB Ionic liquids are currently being used in combination with supercritical fluids for catalytic reactions due to the ease of extraction of reaction products by fluids from such bi-phasic systems. In this investigation we report interesting chemistry involving a simple salt hydrate, tetramethylammonium fluoride tetrahydrate, [(CH3)(4)N]F.4H(2)O, as a neat melt and dissolved in methanol in contact with supercritical and subcritical CO2. This hydrate is proposed as a simulant for more complex ionic liquids, to investigate any potential secondary reaction chemistry in these solvent systems with carbon dioxide. Evidence is presented for the formation of methylcarbonate, CH3O(C=O)O-, and fluoromethane, CH3F, in solution when the salt hydrate is in contact with methanol and CO2. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NE Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yonker, CR (reprint author), Pacific NE Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM clem.yonker@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD MAY PY 2004 VL 29 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0896-8446(03)00089-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 820OP UT WOS:000221399500006 ER PT J AU Cornacchia, M Arthur, J Bane, K Bolton, P Carr, R Decker, FJ Emma, P Galayda, J Hastings, J Hodgson, K Huang, Z Lindau, I Nuhn, HD Paterson, JM Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Schlarb, H Stohr, J Stupakov, G Walz, D Winick, H AF Cornacchia, M Arthur, J Bane, K Bolton, P Carr, R Decker, FJ Emma, P Galayda, J Hastings, J Hodgson, K Huang, Z Lindau, I Nuhn, HD Paterson, JM Pellegrini, C Reiche, S Schlarb, H Stohr, J Stupakov, G Walz, D Winick, H TI Future possibilities of the Linac Coherent Light Source SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE free-electron lasers; Linac Coherent Light Source ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; TO-END SIMULATION; HIGH-GAIN REGIME; UNDULATOR; BEAM; FELS AB A study of the potential for the development of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) beyond the specifications of the baseline design is presented. These future developments include delivery of X-ray pulses in the 1 fs regime, extension of the spectral range, increase of the FEL power, exploitation of the spontaneous emission, and a more flexible time structure. As this potential is exploited, the LCLS can maintain its role as a world-leading instrument for many years beyond its commissioning in 2008 and initial operation as the world's first X-ray free-electron laser. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Cornacchia, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM cornacchia@slac.stanford.edu NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1107/S090904950400370X PN 3 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 814KW UT WOS:000220974600001 PM 15103109 ER PT J AU Marcus, MA MacDowell, AA Celestre, R Manceau, A Miller, T Padmore, HA Sublett, RE AF Marcus, MA MacDowell, AA Celestre, R Manceau, A Miller, T Padmore, HA Sublett, RE TI Beamline 10.3.2 at ALS: a hard X-ray microprobe for environmental and materials sciences SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray instrumentation; microspectroscopy; microfluorescence; microdiffraction; powder diffraction; speciation AB Beamline 10.3.2 at the ALS is a bend-magnet line designed mostly for work on environmental problems involving heavy-metal speciation and location. It offers a unique combination of X-ray fluorescence mapping, X-ray microspectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction. The optics allow the user to trade spot size for flux in a size range of 5-17 mum in an energy range of 3-17 keV. The focusing uses a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror pair to image a variable-size virtual source onto the sample. Thus, the user can reduce the effective size of the source, thereby reducing the spot size on the sample, at the cost of flux. This decoupling from the actual source also allows for some independence from source motion. The X-ray fluorescence mapping is performed with a continuously scanning stage which avoids the time overhead incurred by step-and-repeat mapping schemes. The special features of this beamline are described, and some scientific results shown. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble, France. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Marcus, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mamarcus@lbl.gov RI MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012 NR 10 TC 185 Z9 186 U1 0 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1107/S0909049504005837 PN 3 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 814KW UT WOS:000220974600002 PM 15103110 ER PT J AU Hurley, DH AF Hurley, DH TI Laser-generated thermoelastic acoustic: sources in anisotropic materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POINT-SOURCE REPRESENTATION; LINE SOURCE; HALF-SPACE; ULTRASOUND; METALS; PHONONS; WAVES AB An analytical model appropriate for thermoelastic generation of acoustic waves in anisotropic materials is presented for both plane and line sources. The interaction of acoustic waves produced by subsurface sources with the bounding surface is accounted for using a method of images. For the plane source case, analytical solutions are found that form an appropriate basis for an angular spectrum of plane waves. For the line source case and for specific crystal symmetries and source orientations, it is shown in the limit of strong optical absorption, a buried line source is equivalent to applying a shear stress dipole at the bounding surface. However, contrary to the isotropic case, the character and strength of the equivalent surface stress is, a function of propagation direction. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hurley, DH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM hurldh@inel.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 115 IS 5 BP 2054 EP 2058 DI 10.1121/1.1690080 PN 1 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 816TH UT WOS:000221131700025 ER PT J AU Geller, DA Swift, GW AF Geller, DA Swift, GW TI Thermoacoustic enrichment of the isotopes of neon SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MIXTURE SEPARATION; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; FLOW AB The enrichment of the neon isotopes in a thermoacoustic device is demonstrated. Because the thermal diffusion ratio of neon is small, an apparatus longer than a wavelength was necessary in order to easily observe the separation. The device was modular and extensible, so that arbitrarily large separations could in principle be obtained. The acoustic duct was a series of multiple, identical quarter-wavelength modules with side-branch drivers. In this way, waveforms close to that of a traveling wave were maintained in the duct, despite the high acoustic attenuation caused by the duct's small diameter and large length. The concentrations of the isotopes were measured at one end of the duct using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. For the operating frequency of 227 Hz, the maximum separation gradient obtained was 0.43%/m, and mole fluxes at zero gradient as high as 3 nmol/s were observed. Effects of turbulence, though not observed, are also discussed, and the scaling properties of this method are compared with those of traditional mixture-separation methods. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Geller, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 115 IS 5 BP 2059 EP 2070 DI 10.1121/1.1687831 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 816TH UT WOS:000221131700026 ER PT J AU Li, J Zhong, Z Lidtke, R Kuettner, KE Peterfy, C Aliyeva, E Muehlemanll, C AF Li, J Zhong, Z Lidtke, R Kuettner, KE Peterfy, C Aliyeva, E Muehlemanll, C TI Radiography of soft tissue of the foot and ankle with diffraction enhanced imaging SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PODIATRIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint AB Non-calcified tissues, including tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue and cartilage, are not visible, for any practical purposes, with conventional Xray imaging. Therefore, any pathological changes in these tissues generally necessitate detection through magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound technology. Until recently the development of an X-ray imaging technique that could detect both bone and soft tissues seemed unrealistic. However, the introduction of diffraction enhanced X-ray imaging (DEI) which is capable of rendering images with absorption, refraction and scatter rejection qualities has allowed detection of specific soft tissues based on small differences in tissue densities. Here we show for the first time that DEI allows high contrast imaging of soft tissues, including ligaments, tendons and adipose tissue, of the human foot and ankle. C1 Rush Med Coll, Dept Anat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. SYNARC Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. Finch Univ Hlth Sci Chicago Med Sch, Dr William M Scholl Coll Podiat Med, N Chicago, IL 60064 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rush Med Coll, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Muehlemanll, C (reprint author), Rush Med Coll, Dept Anat, ACFAC507,600 S Paulina, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [2-P50-AR39239, R01 AR 48292]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM59395-01] NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PODIATRIC MED ASSN PI BETHESDA PA 9312 OLD GEORGETOWN ROAD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-1621 USA SN 8750-7315 J9 J AM PODIAT MED ASSN JI J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 PG 8 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 824AJ UT WOS:000221655400014 PM 15153594 ER PT J AU Bartolome, JF Diaz, M Moya, JS Saiz, E Tomsia, AP AF Bartolome, JF Diaz, M Moya, JS Saiz, E Tomsia, AP TI Mullite/Mo interfaces formed by intrusion bonding SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE diffusion bonding; fracture; interfaces; microstructure; mullite/mo ID COMPOSITES; STRENGTH AB The microstructure and strength of Mo/mullite interfaces formed by diffusion bonding at 1650 degreesC has been analyzed. Interfacial metal-ceramic interlocking contributes to flexural strength of similar to140 MPa as measured by three-point bending. Saturation of mullite with MoO2 does not affect the interfacial strength. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Saiz, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM esaiz@lbl.gov RI Moya, Jose/I-5841-2013; Diaz, Marcos/G-5925-2014; Bartolome, Jose /B-1977-2010 OI Diaz, Marcos/0000-0001-7751-4913; Bartolome, Jose /0000-0002-7515-4202 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 785 EP 790 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(03)00339-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 760PN UT WOS:000187843000009 ER PT J AU de Arellano-Lopez, AR Martinez-Fernandez, J Varela-Feria, FM Orlova, TS Goretta, KC Gutierrez-Mora, F Chen, N Routbort, JL AF de Arellano-Lopez, AR Martinez-Fernandez, J Varela-Feria, FM Orlova, TS Goretta, KC Gutierrez-Mora, F Chen, N Routbort, JL TI Erosion and strength degradation of biomorphic SiC SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biomorphic materials; erosion; microstructure; porosity; SiC; strength; wood ID PLASTIC INDENTATION DAMAGE; SILICON-CARBIDE CERAMICS; SOLID-PARTICLE EROSION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; CRACK SYSTEM; GLASS; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; PARAMETERS AB Solid-particle-erosion studies were conducted on biomorphic SiC based on eucalyptus and pine, reaction-bonded (RB) SiC, and hot-pressed (HP) SiC. The erodents were angular SiC abrasives of average diameter 63, 143, or 390 mum and the impact velocity was 100 m s(-1). Impact occurred at normal incidence. Material loss in all targets occurred by brittle fracture. The biomorphic specimens eroded by formation of both lateral and radial cracks and their erosion rates were higher than both conventional SiCs. The RB SiC eroded as a classic brittle material, by formation and propagation of lateral cracks. The HP SiC, the hardest target, was the most erosion resistant. In erosion of the HP SiC, the abrasive particles, especially the largest ones, fragmented upon impact. The resulting dissipation of energy led to relatively low erosion rates. Flexural strength before and after erosion was measured for the biomorphic eucalyptus, RB SiC, and HP SiC. Erosion damage reduced the flexural strengths of all of the specimens. The relative strength reductions were lowest for the biomorphic eucalyptus and highest for the HP SiC. The hot-pressed SiC responded as predicted by accepted models of impact damage in brittle solids. The responses of the biomorphic and reaction-bonded SiC specimens were modeled as if they consisted of only SiC and porosity. This approximation agreed reasonably well with observed degradations of strength. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP de Arellano-Lopez, AR (reprint author), Univ Sevilla, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, POB 1065, E-41080 Seville, Spain. EM aral@us.es RI Orlova, Tatiana/E-5877-2014; MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/K-1826-2012; Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015; OI MARTINEZ FERNANDEZ, JULIAN/0000-0002-1199-6638; Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163; R. de Arellano Lopez, Antonio/0000-0002-7443-0244 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. European Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 24 IS 5 BP 861 EP 870 DI 10.1016/S0955-22219(03)00321-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 760PN UT WOS:000187843000020 ER PT J AU Shin, YM Park, GS Scheitrum, GP Caryotakis, G AF Shin, YM Park, GS Scheitrum, GP Caryotakis, G TI Circuit analysis of an extended interaction klystron SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Charged Particle Beams CY 2003 CL Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst Ctr Adv Accelerators, Changwon, SOUTH KOREA HO Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst Ctr Adv Accelerators DE klystron; extended interaction klystron (EIK); particle in-cell code(PIC) ID RESONANT-CAVITY; VIRTUAL CATHODE AB The demand for high-power BF sources in the millimeter-wave region is motivating the development of a Ka-band extended interaction klystron (EIK). The EIK circuit consists of several reentrant multi-gap cavities. The stability of the optimized cavity structure is evaluated to avoid oscillations in the unloaded intermediate cavities. In order to accurately analyze the performance of an asymmetric three-dimensional circuit model, we applied a Wessel-Berg's analysis (WBA) in a computer simulation. The computed results are compared with results from a one-dimensional disk-model code, JPNDISK, and a two-dimensional PIC (particle-in-cell) code, MAGIC2D. These comparisons verify the validity of the circuit design. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Shin, YM (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM alcolpeter@hotmail.com RI Park, Gunsik/A-1415-2014 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1239 EP 1245 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 821LE UT WOS:000221461300004 ER PT J AU Poyneer, LA Macintosh, B AF Poyneer, LA Macintosh, B TI Spatially filtered wave-front sensor for high-order adaptive optics SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article AB Adaptive optics (AO) systems take sampled measurements of the wave-front phase. Because in the general case the spatial-frequency content of the phase aberration is not band limited, aliasing will occur. This aliasing will cause increased residual error and increased scattered light in the point-spread function (PSF). The spatially filtered wave-front sensor (SFWFS) mitigates this phenomenon by using a field stop at a focal plane before the wave-front sensor. This stop acts as a low-pass filter on the phase, significantly reducing the high-spatial-frequency content phase seen by the wave-front sensor at moderate to high Strehl ratios. We study the properties and performance of the SFWFS for open- and closed-loop correction of atmospheric turbulence, segmented-primary-mirror errors, and sensing with broadband light. In closed loop the filter reduces high-spatial-frequency phase power by a factor of 10(3) to 10(8). In a full AO-system simulation, this translates to a reduction by up to 625 times in the residual error power due to aliasing over a specific spatial frequency range. The final PSF (generated with apodization of the pupil) has up to a 100 times reduction in intensity out to lambda/2d. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM poyneer1@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 21 IS 5 BP 810 EP 819 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000810 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 814NZ UT WOS:000220982700016 PM 15139434 ER PT J AU Ardavan, H Ardavan, A Singleton, J AF Ardavan, H Ardavan, A Singleton, J TI Spectral and polarization characteristics of the nonspherically decaying radiation generated by polarization currents with superluminally rotating distribution patterns SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; PULSES; EQUATIONS; INTEGRALS; APERTURES; FIELDS AB We present a theoretical study of the emission from a superluminal polarization current whose distribution pattern rotates (with an angular frequency to) and oscillates (with a frequency,Omega) at the same time and that comprises both poloidal and toroidal components. This type of polarization current is found in recent practical machines designed to investigate superluminal emission. We find that the superluminal motion of the distribution pattern of the emitting current generates localized electromagnetic waves that do not decay spherically, i.e., that do not have an intensity diminishing as R-P(-2) with the distance R-P from their source. The nonspherical decay of the focused wave packets that are emitted by the polarization currents does not contravene conservation of energy: The constructive interference of the constituent waves of such propagating caustics takes place within different solid angles on spheres of different radii (R-P) centered on the source. For a polarization current whose longitudinal distribution (over an azimuthal interval of length tar) consists of m cycles of a sinusoidal wave train, the nonspherically decaying part of the emitted radiation contains the frequencies Omega +/- momega to; i.e., it contains only the frequencies involved in the creation and implementation of the source. This is in contrast to recent studies of the spherically decaying emission, which was shown to contain much higher frequencies. The polarization of the emitted radiation is found to be linear for most configurations of the source. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Singleton, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM jsingle@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 21 IS 5 BP 858 EP 872 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000858 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 814NZ UT WOS:000220982700022 PM 15139440 ER PT J AU He, P Hseuh, HC Mapes, M Todd, R Weiss, D Wilson, D AF He, P Hseuh, HC Mapes, M Todd, R Weiss, D Wilson, D TI Outgassing properties of the spallation neutron source, ring vacuum chambers coated with titanium nitride SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Canadian Semiconductor Technology Conference (CSTC) CY AUG 18-22, 2003 CL Ottawa, CANADA ID STAINLESS-STEEL; TIN; DESORPTION AB The stainless steel vacuum chambers of the 248 m accumulator ring of the Spallation Neutron Source are to be coated with similar to100 nm of titanium nitride (TiN). This is to minimize the secondary electron yield from the chamber wall, and thus avoid the so-called e-p instability caused by electron multipacting as observed in a few high-intensity proton storage rings. Reports in the literature suggest that a TiN coating, by acting as a hydrogen permeation barrier, may also reduce the ultimate outgassing rate. The outgassing rate of TiN coated chambers deposited at various sputtering pressures was measured and compared to uncoated chambers, both with and without 250 degreesC in situ bake. Some coated chambers were subjected to glow discharge treatment (GDT). It was found that the surface roughness, analyzed with a scanning electron microscope, depends on the deposition pressure and is also influenced by GDT. The outgassing rate varies as a function of the surface roughness of the TiN layer, with rougher coatings more hydroscopic in nature. The in situ postbake outgassing rate was reduced similar to30% for a chamber coated with TiN at low pressure and subsequently subjected to GDT, thus giving evidence that the TiN layer acts as a permeation barrier to hydrogen diffusion. It was also found that a 450 degreesC vacuum degas reduced the hydrogen outgassing rate one order of magnitude, although the amount of reduction does not agree with the value predicted by standard diffusion equations. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP He, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rtodd@bnl.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 705 EP 710 DI 10.1116/1.1722697 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 829ZQ UT WOS:000222091800037 ER PT J AU Klem, JF Serkland, DK Kim, J Wang, TY AF Klem, JF Serkland, DK Kim, J Wang, TY TI Molecular beam epitaxial growth of AlGaPSb and AlGaPSb/InP distributed Bragg reflectors on InP SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2003) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2003 CL Keystone, CO ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; 1.55-MU-M WAVELENGTH; MU-M; MIRRORS; VCSEL; OPERATION; GAPSB AB The molecular beam epitaxial growth of GaPSb and Ga-rich AlGaPSb nearly lattice matched to InP has been investigated. The effect of growth temperature, P flux, Ga flux, and Sb flux on the alloy P/Sb ratio was examined. The 300 K band gap of lattice-matched GaPSb was estimated to be 0.84 eV based on photoluminescence measurements, and the shift of band gap energy with Al content in AlGaPSb alloys with Al fractions of 0.03-0.04 was investigated. A conduction band offset of approximately 0.15 eV in a type-II configuration was estimated between lattice-matched Al0.04Ga0.96P0.35Sb0.65 and InP based on photoluminescence characterization of multiple quantum well structures. AlGaPSb/InP distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with a stopband centered on 1550 nm were grown with excellent lattice matching and good surface morphology. A refractive index difference of 0.41 between these materials was estimated based on a fit to the DBR reflectance spectrum. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Honeywell Int, Minneapolis, MN 55418 USA. RP Klem, JF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jklem@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1468 EP 1471 DI 10.1116/1.1669600 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 835KI UT WOS:000222481400117 ER PT J AU Lubyshev, D Fastenau, JM Fang, XM Wu, Y Doss, C Snyder, A Liu, WK Lamb, MSM Bals, S Song, C AF Lubyshev, D Fastenau, JM Fang, XM Wu, Y Doss, C Snyder, A Liu, WK Lamb, MSM Bals, S Song, C TI Comparison of As- and P-based metamorphic buffers for high performance InP heterojunction bipolar transistor and high electron mobility transistor applications SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2003) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2003 CL Keystone, CO ID RELAXATION AB Metamorphic buffers (M-buffers) consisting of graded InAlAs or bulk InP were employed for the production of InP-based epiwafers on GaAs substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. The graded InAlAs is the standard for production metamorphic high electron mobility transistors (M-HEMTs), while the bulk InP offers superior thermal properties for higher current density circuits. The surface morphology and crystal structure of the two M-buffers showed different relaxation mechanisms. The graded InAlAs gave a cross-hatched pattern with nearly full relaxation and very effective dislocation filtering, while the bulk InP had a uniform isotropic surface with dislocations propagating further up towards the active layers. Both types of M-buffers had atomic force microscopy root-mean-square roughness values around 20-30 Angstrom. The Hall transport properties of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on the InAlAs M-buffer, and a baseline HEMT grown lattice matched on InP, both had room-temperature mobilities > 10000 cm(2)/V s, while the M-HEMT on the InP M-buffer showed a decrease to 9000 cm(2)/V s. Similarly, the dc parameters of a double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) grown on the InAlAs M-buffer were much closer to the baseline heterojunction bipolar transistor than a DHBT grown on the InP M-buffer. A high breakdown voltage of 11.3 V was achieved on an M-DHBT with the InAlAs M-buffer. We speculate that the degradation in device characteristics on the InP M-buffer was related to the incomplete dislocation filtering. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 IQE Inc, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Water Technol Ltd, Milton Keynes MK15 8HJ, Bucks, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, WK (reprint author), IQE Inc, 119 Technol Dr, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM aliu@iqep.com RI Bals, Sara/F-6963-2016 NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1565 EP 1569 DI 10.1116/1.1691412 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 835KI UT WOS:000222481400141 ER PT J AU Ptak, AJ Kurtz, S Weber, MH Lynn, KG AF Ptak, AJ Kurtz, S Weber, MH Lynn, KG TI Positron annihilation study of vacancies in GaInNAs SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2003) CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2003 CL Keystone, CO ID IMPROVED LUMINESCENCE EFFICIENCY; GAASN; GANXAS1-X; COMPLEXES; NITROGEN; ORIGIN AB GaInNAs is potentially useful in a wide variety of devices, including next-generation, high efficiency, multijunction solar cells. Unfortunately, a number of defects exist in this material that limit the overall device performance. Beam-based positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to examine vacancies in GaInNAs grown by both metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). A significant concentration of vacancies exists only when hydrogen and nitrogen are both present during growth. This finding supports the theoretical prediction that gallium vacancies occur in complexes with nitrogen and hydrogen. Growing GaInNAs by solid-source MBE, a hydrogen-free growth method, minimizes the formation of the vacancy complexes. Because this complex is an acceptor, it may be a cause of the high background acceptor concentrations in MOCVD-grown GaInNAs. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Mat Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ptak, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aaron_ptak@nrel.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 1584 EP 1587 DI 10.1116/1.1752914 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 835KI UT WOS:000222481400145 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Ribeiro, RM Mascola, JR Lewis, MG Stiegler, G Katinger, H Perelson, AS Davenport, MP AF Zhang, L Ribeiro, RM Mascola, JR Lewis, MG Stiegler, G Katinger, H Perelson, AS Davenport, MP TI Effects of antibody on viral kinetics in simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection: Implications for vaccination SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; TYPE-1 INFECTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MACAQUES; TRANSMISSION; PROTECTION; ENVELOPE; SHIV AB Passive antibody treatment of macaques prior to simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection produces "sterilizing immunity" in some animals and long-term reductions in viral loads in others. Analysis of viral kinetics suggests that antibody mediates sterilizing immunity by its effects on the initial viral inoculum. By contrast, reduction in peak viral load later in infection prevents CD4 depletion and contributes to long-term viral control. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New S Wales, Dept Haematol, Prince Wales Hosp, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Ctr Vasc Res, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. BIOQUAL Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Agr Univ Vienna, Inst Appl Microbiol, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Lei/D-4039-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 50139, R01 CA050139]; NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR006555, RR 06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 28433, R01 AI028433, R37 AI028433] NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 78 IS 10 BP 5520 EP 5522 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.10.5520-5522.2004 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 817YF UT WOS:000221212100059 PM 15113932 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, K He, XY Doolen, GD AF Yamamoto, K He, XY Doolen, GD TI Combustion simulation using the lattice Boltzmann method SO JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES B-FLUIDS AND THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; lattice Boltzmann method; premixed combustion; flame; chemical reaction ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION; MODEL; FLAMES; FLOWS AB Even though laser diagnostics have significantly improved and can obtain an instantaneous 2D flame image of the velocity field, it is still difficult to obtain data such as scalar flux or reaction rates experimentally. It is also essential to understand 3D flame structures in turbulent combustion. Chemically non-reacting turbulent flows are complex and chemical reactions make the problem more complicated. Due to practical limitations of computational costs, conventional numerical methods are very expensive for carrying out 3D numerical simulations at high Reynolds numbers with detailed chemical reactions. In this study, we have used the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to simulate a combustion field. The LBM is an efficient alternative for the numerical simulation of this type of flow. To confirm the validity of the LBM, a flame in simple flow geometry is simulated and the laminar burning velocity is obtained. Both 2D and 3D simulations have been completed. A jet flame has been also simulated to demonstrate the LBM capability of simulating unsteady flames with vortices. The scheme with detailed chemistry has been tested for simulation of a counter-flow flame. C1 Nagoya Univ, Fac Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Air Prod & Chem Inc, Computat Modeling Ctr, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yamamoto, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Fac Engn, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. EM kazuhiro@mech.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG, SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1340-8054 J9 JSME INT J B-FLUID T JI JSME Int. J. Ser. B-Fluids Therm. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 47 IS 2 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.1299/jsmeb.47.403 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 837FG UT WOS:000222613300037 ER PT J AU Gee, J AF Gee, J TI Growing demand for solar power also calls for new material designs SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article AB Laser machining of silicon has made great strides in recent years, and will help enable new technologies such as the emitter-wrap-through solar cell. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gee, J (reprint author), Advent Solar, 1009 Bradbury Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM jgee@adventsolar.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD MAY PY 2004 VL 40 IS 5 BP 150 EP 152 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 823FE UT WOS:000221594500037 ER PT J AU Mulholland, PJ Valett, HM Webster, JR Thomas, SA Cooper, LW Hamilton, SK Peterson, BJ AF Mulholland, PJ Valett, HM Webster, JR Thomas, SA Cooper, LW Hamilton, SK Peterson, BJ TI Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field N-15 tracer addition approach SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; HEADWATER STREAMS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; NORTHEASTERN USA; NITROGEN EXPORT; SOLUBLE GASES; RETENTION; WATER; SEDIMENTS AB We measured denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates in a small stream (East Fork of Walker Branch in eastern Tennessee) using a new field N-15 tracer addition and modeling approach that quantifies these rates for entire stream reaches. The field experiment consisted of an 8-h addition of 99 atom% (KNO3)-N-15 and a conservative solute tracer. Two 15N tracer addition experiments were performed on consecutive days, the first under ambient NO concentrations (23 mug N L-1) and the second with a NO3- addition of approximately 500 mug N L-1. We fit first-order NO3- uptake and two-box denitrification models to the longitudinal measurements of tracer N-15 in dissolved NO3-, N-2, and N2O in stream water to determine rates. Total NO; uptake rates were 0.028 m(-1) (0.32 mug N m(-2) s(-1)) and 0.01 m(-1) (1.6 mug N m(-2) s(-1)) under ambient NO3- and with NO3- addition, respectively. Denitrification rates were 0.0046 m(-1) (uncertainty range of 0.002 to 0.008 m(-1)) and 9 x 10(-5) m(-1) (uncertainty range of 3 x 10(-5) to 21 x 10(-5) m(-1)) under ambient NO3- and with NO3- addition, respectively. Denitrification resulted almost exclusively in N-2 production (>99%) and comprised about 16% (+/-10%) of total NO3- uptake rate under ambient NO3- concentrations and about 1% (+/-1%) of total NO3- uptake rate with NO3- addition. Denitrification rate expressed on a mass flux basis was about 12 mumol m(-2) h(-1) under ambient NO3- concentrations, a value within the range reported for other streams with low NO3- concentrations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Biol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Michigan State Univ, Wk Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Mulholland, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mulhollandpj@ornl.gov RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Cooper, Lee/E-5251-2012; Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014 OI Cooper, Lee/0000-0001-7734-8388; Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017 NR 45 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 7 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 809 EP 820 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 869JQ UT WOS:000224979600020 ER PT J AU More, JJ Munson, TS AF More, JJ Munson, TS TI Computing mountain passes and transition states SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article ID ELLIPTIC-EQUATIONS; ALGORITHM AB The mountain-pass theorem guarantees the existence of a critical point on a path that connects two points separated by a sufficiently high barrier. We propose the elastic string algorithm for computing mountain passes in finite-dimensional problems and analyze the convergence properties and numerical performance of this algorithm for benchmark problems in chemistry and discretizations of infinite-dimensional variational problems. We show that any limit point of the elastic string algorithm is a path that crosses a critical point at which the Hessian matrix is not positive definite. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP More, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM more@mcs.anl.gov; tmunson@mcs.anl.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 100 IS 1 BP 151 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10107-003-0489-0 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 825NF UT WOS:000221764500007 ER PT J AU Winters, SE Chung, JH Velinsky, SA AF Winters, SE Chung, JH Velinsky, SA TI Dynamic modeling and control of a deformable mirror SO MECHANICS BASED DESIGN OF STRUCTURES AND MACHINES LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; surface shape control; robust control AB This article concerns the modeling and control of a deformable mirror. A dynamic model was derived and verified experimentally for the development of a surface shape-control approach. The model developed was reduced for realistic controller design based on the symmetrical structure of the mirror system but included the compliance components and the First natural mode of the system. Then, multi-input multi-output controllers were designed based on a classical method and the H. optimal control method. Simulations demonstrated the superior performance of the Hinfinity controller in terms of robustness and disturbance rejection. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Velinsky, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM savelinsky@ucdavis.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1539-7734 J9 MECH BASED DES STRUC JI Mech. Based Des. Struct. Mech. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 32 IS 2 BP 195 EP 213 DI 10.1081/SME-120030557 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 816KP UT WOS:000221109100004 ER PT J AU Canada, S Knapik, J Hauret, KG Canham-Chervak, M Hoedebecke, E Arnold, S Darakjy, S Mansfield, A Jones, B AF Canada, S Knapik, J Hauret, KG Canham-Chervak, M Hoedebecke, E Arnold, S Darakjy, S Mansfield, A Jones, B TI Risk factors for stress fractures and stress reactions in women during army basic combat training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, MD USA. EM sara.canada@us.army.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 2110 BP S308 EP S309 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188303179 ER PT J AU Darakjy, S Knapik, JJ Hauret, KG Canada, S Marin, RE Jones, BH AF Darakjy, S Knapik, JJ Hauret, KG Canada, S Marin, RE Jones, BH TI Comparison of injury incidence before and after foot marches in US army basic combat training SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Sports-Medicine CY JUN 02-05, 2004 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5 SU S MA 2111 BP S309 EP S309 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913XG UT WOS:000228188303180 ER PT J AU Napolitano, RE Meco, H AF Napolitano, RE Meco, H TI The role of melt pool behavior in free-jet melt spinning SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TENSION MEASUREMENTS; OSCILLATING DROP TECHNIQUE; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; HEAT-TRANSFER; RIBBON FORMATION; LIQUID-IRON; ALLOYS; SUBSTRATE; METALS; FLOW AB The influence of melt pool behavior on the competition between the nucleation of crystalline solidification products and glass formation is examined for an Fe-Si-B alloy. High-speed imaging of the melt pool, analysis of ribbon microstructure, and measurement of ribbon geometry and surface character all indicate upper and lower limits for melt spinning (MS) rates for which fully amorphous ribbons can be achieved. Comparison of the relevant time scales reveals that surface-controlled melt pool oscillation may be the dominant factor governing the onset of unsteady thermal conditions accompanied by varying amounts of crystalline nucleation observed near the lower limit. At high rates, the influence of these oscillations is minimal due to very short melt pool residence times. However, microstructural evidence suggests that the entrapment of gas pockets at the wheel-metal interface may play a critical role in establishing the upper rate limit. An observed transition in wheel-side surface character with an increasing MS rate supports this contention. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA USA. RP Napolitano, RE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ralphn@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 35A IS 5 BP 1539 EP 1553 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0261-y PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 815OI UT WOS:000221051200011 ER PT J AU Narang, R Dunbar, J AF Narang, R Dunbar, J TI Modeling bacterial species abundance from small community surveys SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; PCR AMPLIFICATION; BIAS; SOILS; HETERODUPLEXES; SIMILARITY; EXTRACTION; CLONING AB Taxon abundance patterns are a central focus in evolution and ecology, providing the basic architecture of natural assemblages and potential clues to their formative processes. To better interpret species abundance patterns in natural microbial communities, we examined the consequences of three fundamental types of abundance patterns-uniform, geometric, and lognormal distributions. Theoretical communities were constructed based on the three pattern types with 2000 to 20,000 species and 10(7) to 10(10) individuals. The "dominant" species (species 1) among models that differed only in pattern type generally varied in abundance by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. At the extremes among all the models examined, the dominant species comprised as much as 16% and as little as 0.005% of the total community. Analysis of the models and comparison with seven published surveys suggests that entire soil bacterial communities do not routinely exhibit Preston's cannonical subset of lognormal distributions. Use of the models to evaluate survey limitations showed that common diversity indices are generally sensitive to sample size over the range (50 to 200 clones) commonly used for microbial communities, emphasizing the need to compare surveys of similar size. The results collectively demonstrate that uniform, geometric, and lognormal distributions have profoundly different experimental and ecological consequences. Further, defined abundance models provide a simple quantitative tool for evaluating abundance patterns in clone libraries (even small ones) from natural communities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dunbar, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dunbar@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 396 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s00248-003-1026-7 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 837DI UT WOS:000222608100010 PM 14605778 ER PT J AU Clements, BE Mas, EM AF Clements, BE Mas, EM TI A theory for plastic-bonded materials with a bimodal size distribution of filler particles SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; POLYMERS; INCLUSIONS; STRESS AB Plastic-bonded materials are composites consisting of grains of filler material embedded in a polymeric matrix. A micromechanics model is proposed for investigating the mechanical behaviour of plastic-bonded materials having two disparate grain sizes. A hybrid theory is proposed to handle some aspects of the bimodal grain size distribution. Our model uses the first-order method of cells with an eight-cell representative volume element where one of the eight cells contains a large grain and the seven remaining cells contain a mixture of small grains embedded in the polymeric binder material. A Mori-Tanaka-based analysis is used to describe the small grain-binder mechanical response. The small grains in this analysis are assumed to be spherical and uniformly distributed in the binder. In this work, we use the explosive PBX 9501, in its unreacted state, as our test system. The explosive grain particle size distribution of PBX 9501 consists of two broad peaks centred at approximately 1 and 200 mum. The constitutive behaviour of the large explosive grains are assumed to be elastic-plastic and damage by way of micro-crack brittle fracture. Only linear elasticity of the small grains is considered. The rate and temperature dependence of the mechanical response of the polymer binder is accounted for by a generalized Maxwell viscoelasticity model. The theoretical uniaxial stress-strain response for PBX 9501 is reported for quasi-static and split Hopkinson pressure bar loading rates and compared to experimental measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mas, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B221, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mas@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 407 EP 421 AR PII S0965-0393(04)74405-8 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/12/3/004 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 824KV UT WOS:000221686300004 ER PT J AU Borodin, O Smith, GD Bandyopadhyaya, R Redfern, P Curtiss, LA AF Borodin, O Smith, GD Bandyopadhyaya, R Redfern, P Curtiss, LA TI Molecular dynamics study of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide)/LiBF4 SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE POLYETHER ELECTROLYTES; INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; SOLVENT-FREE; CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS AB Interactions of Li+ and BF4- ions with TiO2 clusters were investigated using ab initio quantum chemistry methods. Classical force fields have been developed for poly(ethylene oxide)/LiBF4/TiO2, and molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on poly(ethylene oxide)/LiBF4 polymer electrolyte with and without embedded TiO2 nanoparticles using the developed force field. Addition of a TiO2 nanoparticle to PEO/LiBF4 solid polymer electrolyte resulted in the formation of a highly structured layer with a thickness of 5-6 Angstrom that had more than an order of magnitude slower mobility than that of bulk PEO/LiBF4. The PEO and ions in the layers extending from 6 to 15 Angstrom from the TiO2 nanoparticle also revealed some structuring and reduced dynamics, whereas the PEO/LiBF4 located further than 15 Angstrom was basically unaffected by the presence of the TiO2 nanoparticle. Both cations and anions tended to form a region with an increased concentration in the interfacial layers extending from 5 to 15 Angstrom. No ions were dissolved by the first interfacial layer of PEO. Addition of a nanoparticle with soft-repulsion interactions with PEO resulted in the formation of a PEO interfacial layer with reduced PEO density but increased ion concentration. The PEO and ion mobility in the interfacial layer next to the soft-repulsive nanoparticle were higher than those of bulk PEO/LiBF4 by 20-50%, whereas the conductivity of the nanocomposite electrolyte with the soft-repulsive particle increased only by 10%. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Borodin, O (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 122 S Cent Campus Dr,Rm 304, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM Oleg.Borodin@utah.edu RI Borodin, Oleg/B-6855-2012 OI Borodin, Oleg/0000-0002-9428-5291 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP S73 EP S89 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/12/3/S02 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 824KV UT WOS:000221686300016 ER PT J AU Masta, SE Boore, JL AF Masta, SE Boore, JL TI The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the spider Habronattus oregonensis reveals rearranged and extremely truncated tRNAs SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial genome; tRNA editing; aminoacyl acceptor stem; gene rearrangement; genome size; Habronattus oregonensis ID MINIMAL TRANSFER-RNA; PSI-C ARM; DNA-SEQUENCE; MUTATION ACCUMULATION; ARTHROPOD PHYLOGENY; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; MULLERS RATCHET; GENE ORDER; EVOLUTION; ARANEAE AB We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of the jumping spider Habronattus oregonensis of the arachnid order Araneae (Arthropoda: Chelicerata). A number of unusual features distinguish this genome from other chelicerate and arthropod mitochondrial genomes. Most of the transfer RNA (tRNA) gene sequences are greatly reduced in size and cannot be folded into typical cloverleaf-shaped secondary structures. At least nine of the tRNA sequences lack the potential to form TPsiC arm stem pairings and instead are inferred to have TV-replacement loops. Furthermore, sequences that Could encode the 3' aminoacyl acceptor stems in at least 10 tRNAs appear to be lacking, because fully paired acceptor stems are not possible and because the downstream sequences instead encode adjacent genes. Hence, these appear to be among the smallest known tRNA genes. We postulate that an RNA editing mechanism must exist to restore the 3' aminoacyl acceptor steins to allow the tRNAs to function. At least seven tRNAs are rearranged with respect to the chelicerate Limulus polyphemus, although the arrangement of the protein-coding genes is identical. Most mitochondrial protein-coding genes of H. oregonensis have ATN as initiation codons, as commonly found in arthropod mtDNAs, but cytochrome oxidase subunits 2 and 3 genes apparently use TTG as an initiation codon. Finally, many of the gene sequences overlap one another and are truncated. This 14,38 1 -bp genome, the first mitochondrial genome of a spider yet sequenced, is one of the smallest arthropod mitochondrial genomes known. We suggest that posttranscriptional RNA editing can likely maintain function of the tRNAs, while permitting the accumulation of mutations that Would otherwise be deleterious. Such mechanisms may have allowed for the minimization of the spider mitochondrial genome. C1 Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Dept Evolutionary Genom, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Masta, SE (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM smasta@pdx.edu NR 49 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 21 IS 5 BP 893 EP 902 DI 10.1093/molbev/msh096 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 815OA UT WOS:000221050400011 PM 15014167 ER PT J AU Hodges, KI Hoskins, BJ Boyle, J Thorncroft, C AF Hodges, KI Hoskins, BJ Boyle, J Thorncroft, C TI A comparison of recent reanalysis datasets using objective feature tracking: Storm tracks and tropical easterly waves (vol 131, pg 2012, 2003) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Hodges, KI (reprint author), Univ Reading, Environm Syst Sci Ctr, Harry Pit Bldg,POB 238, Reading RG6 6AL, Berks, England. EM kih@mail.nerc-essc.ac.uk NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1327 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1325:C>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 817RS UT WOS:000221195200018 ER PT J AU Lamerdin, JE Yamada, NA George, JW Souza, B Christian, AT Jones, NJ Thompson, LH AF Lamerdin, JE Yamada, NA George, JW Souza, B Christian, AT Jones, NJ Thompson, LH TI Characterization of the hamster FancG/Xrcc9 gene and mutations in CHOUV40 and NM3 SO MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article ID FANCONI-ANEMIA PROTEINS; DNA-DAMAGING AGENTS; COMPLEMENTATION GROUP; GROUP-C; HEMATOPOIETIC-CELLS; NUCLEAR-COMPLEX; PATHWAY; CLONING; REPAIR; DEFECT AB The human FANCG/XRCC9 gene, which is defective in Fanconi anemia complementation group G (FA-G) cells, was first cloned by genetic complementation of the mitomycin C (MMC) sensitivity of CHO mutant UV40. The CHO NM3 mutant was subsequently assigned to the same complementation group. The parental AA8 CHO cells are hemizygous at the FancG locus, and we identified frameshift mutations that result in N-terminal truncations of the protein in both UV40 and NM3. Hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, such as MMC, typically characterizes FA cells. By introducing the native CHO FancG gene into mutant NM3, we demonstrate that hamster FancG fully corrects the 3-fold sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as well as the 10-fold sensitivity to MMC, whereas resistance to ionizing radiation did not increase appreciably. In contrast, hamster cDNA transformants showed incomplete correction for both MMC and MMS sensitivity. The constitutively expressed FancG protein is present in the cytoplasmic, nuclear and chromatin fractions. FancG protein levels and subcellular localization do not change appreciably as a function of cell cycle position. Our results are consistent with roles of FancG in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments to maintain genomic stability in response to various genotoxic agents. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBR Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. RP Thompson, LH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBR Program, L441,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM thompson14@llnl.gov RI Jones, Nigel/D-1997-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA89405] NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0267-8357 J9 MUTAGENESIS JI Mutagenesis PD MAY PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1093/mutage/geh019 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 819EC UT WOS:000221295800010 PM 15123790 ER PT J AU Reboredo, FA Pizzagalli, L Galli, G AF Reboredo, FA Pizzagalli, L Galli, G TI Computational engineering of the stability and optical gaps of SiC quantum dots SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE AB We have carried out an ab initio computational study of SiC nanoparticles with diameters between 1 and 3 nm. Our calculations show that surface composition and termination play a dominant role in determining the optical gaps and thermodynamic stability of these nanoparticles. In particular, we find that the optical gap of cubic SiC dots can be engineered as a function of their size and surface composition to obtain absorption and emission from the UV to the green. Our results suggest that SiC nanoparticles may be used to build new materials for semiconductor-based UV light sources. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Poitiers, F-86960 Futuroscope, France. RP Reboredo, FA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Reboredo, Fernando/B-8391-2009; Pizzagalli, Laurent/A-1445-2013 NR 22 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 801 EP 804 DI 10.1021/nl049876k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 820SQ UT WOS:000221410000008 ER PT J AU Rocquefelte, X Rignanese, GM Meunier, V Terrones, H Terrones, M Charlier, JC AF Rocquefelte, X Rignanese, GM Meunier, V Terrones, H Terrones, M Charlier, JC TI How to identify Haeckelite structures: A theoretical study of their electronic and vibrational properties SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; FULLERENE; MICROTUBULES; COMPUTATION; TUBULES; PLANAR; STM AB First-principles (FP) calculations of the electronic and vibrational properties of three different Haeckelite structures have been performed. The relatively low cohesive energies (when compared to C-60) of these phases suggest the possible synthesis of such novel carbon arrangements. In agreement with previous tight-binding calculations (Terrones, H.; Terrones, M.; Hernandez, E.; Grobert, N.; Charlier, J.-C.; Ajayan, P. M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 84, 1716), the Haeckelite structures exhibit a clear metallic behavior. In addition, within the ab initio framework, we predict the IR and Raman frequencies, which constitute the fingerprint of their structure and allow for their unambiguous identification. STM images and quantum conductances of various tubular Haeckelite structures are also calculated within a tight-binding framework. The three investigated Haeckelite structures are shown to be good candidates of conducting wires with great potential in nanoelectronics. The results presented here provide a catalog of properties that will aid in the identification of other Haeckelite structures as well as carbon systems containing pentagonal and heptagonal defects. C1 Catholic Univ Louvain, Unite Physico Chim & Phys Mat, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Catholic Univ Louvain, CERMIN, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. IPICYT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78210, Mexico. RP Charlier, JC (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, Unite Physico Chim & Phys Mat, Pl Croix Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; Rignanese, Gian-Marco/A-7435-2008 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Rignanese, Gian-Marco/0000-0002-1422-1205 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1021/nl049879x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 820SQ UT WOS:000221410000009 ER PT J AU Bachand, GD Rivera, SB Boal, AK Gaudioso, J Liu, J Bunker, BC AF Bachand, GD Rivera, SB Boal, AK Gaudioso, J Liu, J Bunker, BC TI Assembly and transport of nanocrystal CdSe quantum dot nanocomposites using microtubules and kinesin motor proteins SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HAND-OVER-HAND; MOLECULAR SHUTTLES; SURFACES; ARRAYS; PATTERNS AB Nature has evolved dynamic, non-equilibrium mechanisms for assembling hierarchical complexes of nanomaterials. A critical element to many of these assembly mechanisms involves the active and directed transport of materials by biomolecular motor proteins such as kinesin. In the present work, nanocrystal quantum dots (nQDs) were assembled and organized using microtubule (MT) filaments as nanoscale scaffolds. nQD density and localization were systematically evaluated by varying the concentration and distribution of functional groups within the MT structure. Confining nQD attachment to a central region within the MT enabled unaffected interaction with kinesin necessary to support active transport of nQD-MT composites. This active transport system will be further refined to control the optical properties of a surface by regulating the collective organization of nQD-MT composites. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bachand, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gdbacha@satidia.gov NR 26 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 817 EP 821 DI 10.1021/nl049811h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 820SQ UT WOS:000221410000011 ER PT J AU Rolandi, M Suez, I Dai, HJ Frechet, JMJ AF Rolandi, M Suez, I Dai, HJ Frechet, JMJ TI Dendrimer monolayers as negative and positive tone resists for scanning probe lithography SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; METAL RESIST; SILICON; NANOSTRUCTURES; FABRICATION; ANODIZATION; OXIDATION; SURFACES AB A new scanning probe lithography scheme based on a self-assembled dendrimer monolayer on thin Ti films is presented. The method relies on the versatility of the functionalized dendrimer molecules to effectively function as etch resists by forming a densely packed self-assembled protective monolayer on a Ti film. Patterning of the Ti surface is accomplished using an AFM tip either as an ultra sharp scribe or as an electrical field point source to modify the monolayer, This, coupled to carefully selected etching conditions, allows the use of the dendrimer monolayers as both negative and positive tone resists, Facile formation of TiO2 features ca. 25 nm wide and 12 nm tall on silicon oxide and ca. 50 nm wide gaps in a thin Ti film can easily be achieved. The dendrimer resist approach can be further developed in order to improve the minimum feature size to the single dendrimer molecule level. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Adv Mat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hdai1@stanford.edu; frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 889 EP 893 DI 10.1021/nl049700i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 820SQ UT WOS:000221410000026 ER PT J AU Zaziski, D Prilliman, S Scher, EC Casula, M Wickham, J Clark, SM Alivisatos, AP AF Zaziski, D Prilliman, S Scher, EC Casula, M Wickham, J Clark, SM Alivisatos, AP TI Critical size for fracture during solid-solid phase transformations SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; METASTABILITY; DEPENDENCE; CRYSTALS AB The study of nanoscale materials with well-controlled size and shape can be used to learn more about critical length scales for numerous physical and chemical phenomena in solids and extended systems.(1,2) Small nanocrystals (below 5-nm diameter) have been shown to exhibit fully reversible single-domain structural phase transformations with large volume changes over multiple cycles. The same transformations in extended solids are accompanied by irreversible domain formation.(3-5) Here we investigate the crossover between these regimes by studying a pressure-induced structural transformation in 4-nm-diameter nanorods varying in aspect ratio from 1 to 10. We find that above a critical length the nanorods fracture at the moment of the structural transformation. This work demonstrates the use of simple, well-defined nanoscale systems to examine fundamental structural phenomena found in extended solids. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nanosys Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013; OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438; Prilliman, Stephen/0000-0002-9699-3638 NR 19 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 943 EP 946 DI 10.1021/nl049537r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 820SQ UT WOS:000221410000036 ER PT J AU Barac, T Taghavi, S Borremans, B Provoost, A Oeyen, L Colpaert, JV Vangronsveld, J van der Lelie, D AF Barac, T Taghavi, S Borremans, B Provoost, A Oeyen, L Colpaert, JV Vangronsveld, J van der Lelie, D TI Engineered endophytic bacteria improve phytoremediation of water-soluble, volatile, organic pollutants SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS; PLASMID; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; POTATO AB Phytoremediation of highly water soluble and volatile organic xenobiotics is often inefficient because plants do not completely degrade these compounds through their rhizospheres. This results in phytotoxicity and/or volatilization of chemicals through the leaves, which can cause additional environmental problems. We demonstrate that endophytic bacteria equipped with the appropriate degradation pathway improve the in planta degradation of toluene. We introduced the pTOM toluene-degradation plasmid of Burkholderia cepacia G4 into B. cepacia L. S. 2.4, a natural endophyte of yellow lupine. After surface-sterilized lupine seeds were successfully inoculated with the recombinant strain, the engineered endophytic bacteria strongly degraded toluene, resulting in a marked decrease in its phytotoxicity, and a 50-70% reduction of its evapotranspiration through the leaves. This strategy promises to improve the efficiency of phytoremediating volatile organic contaminants. C1 Flemish Inst Technol Res, Environm Technol Expertise Ctr, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. Limburgs Univ Ctr, Dept Environm Biol, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Flemish Inst Technol Res, Environm Technol Expertise Ctr, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM vdlelied@bnl.gov OI Colpaert, Jan V/0000-0003-1610-1861 NR 28 TC 255 Z9 276 U1 10 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 22 IS 5 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.1038/nbt960 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 817EB UT WOS:000221159700027 PM 15077119 ER PT J AU Gregoryanz, E Sanloup, C Somayazulu, M Badro, J Fiquet, G Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Gregoryanz, E Sanloup, C Somayazulu, M Badro, J Fiquet, G Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI Synthesis and characterization of a binary noble metal nitride SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPINEL; TEMPERATURES; NITROGEN; PLATINUM; FILMS AB There has been considerable interest in the synthesis of new nitrides because of their technological and fundamental importance(1,2). Although numerous metals react with nitrogen there are no known binary nitrides of the noble metals. We report the discovery and characterization of platinum nitride (PtN), the first binary nitride of the noble metals group. This compound can be formed above 45-50 GPa and temperatures exceeding 2,000 K, and is stable after quenching to room pressure and temperature. It is characterized by a very high Raman-scattering cross-section with easily observed second- and third-order Raman bands. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction shows that the new phase is cubic with a remarkably high bulk modulus of 372 (+/-5) GPa. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Paris 06, LMCP, Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Magie, Paris, France. Carnegie Inst Washington, APS, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gregoryanz, E (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. EM e.gregoryanz@gl.ciw.edu RI Fiquet, Guillaume/H-1219-2011; Fiquet, Guillaume/M-6934-2014; Sanloup, Chrystele/D-9923-2015; Badro, James/A-6003-2011 OI Sanloup, Chrystele/0000-0003-2412-6073; NR 34 TC 351 Z9 359 U1 15 U2 118 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 5 BP 294 EP 297 DI 10.1038/nmat1115 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 819NP UT WOS:000221322000014 PM 15107839 ER PT J AU Bult, C Kibbe, WA Snoddy, J Vitaterna, M Swanson, D Pretel, S Li, YX Hohman, MM Rinchik, E Takahashi, JS Frankel, WN Goldowitz, D AF Bult, C Kibbe, WA Snoddy, J Vitaterna, M Swanson, D Pretel, S Li, YX Hohman, MM Rinchik, E Takahashi, JS Frankel, WN Goldowitz, D TI A genome end-game: understanding gene function in the nervous system SO NATURE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOUSE C1 Jackson Lab, Neurosci Mutagenesis Facil, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Northwestern Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ctr Funct Genome, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Bult, C (reprint author), Jackson Lab, Neurosci Mutagenesis Facil, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. EM dgold@nb.utmem.edu RI Takahashi, Joseph/E-8482-2012; Kibbe, Warren/B-2106-2010 OI Takahashi, Joseph/0000-0003-0384-8878; Kibbe, Warren/0000-0001-5622-7659 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIMH NIH HHS [U01 MH061915] NR 3 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1097-6256 J9 NAT NEUROSCI JI Nat. Neurosci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 BP 484 EP 485 DI 10.1038/nn0504-484 PG 2 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 816HP UT WOS:000221101300018 PM 15114363 ER PT J AU Commins, ED AF Commins, ED TI Observational selection, host galaxy dust, and Type Ia supernovae SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Supernovae and Dust CY MAY 16-17, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE DE supernovae; dust; host galaxies; observational selection ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT AB We develop models for extinction of Type Ia supernova light due to dust in spiral host galaxies. The models are based on well-known facts and concepts concerning galaxy morphology, star distributions, and dust. We find that observational selection causes extinctions of observable Ia supernovae to be very insensitive to large variations in host galaxy dust, especially at high redshift. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Commins, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM commins@physics.berkeley.edu NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.035 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 820LU UT WOS:000221391400002 ER PT J AU Pennypacker, C Tilquin, A Melchior, AL Combes, F Pain, R AF Pennypacker, C Tilquin, A Melchior, AL Combes, F Pain, R TI Preliminary exploration of the impact of host galaxy dust on cosmological parameters SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Supernovae and Dust CY MAY 16-17, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE DE supernovae; galaxies; star formation; morphological type ID IA SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE DIAGRAM AB We present preliminary analysis and considerations of the impact of dust on the measurement of cosmological parameters based on Type la supernovae. This analysis relies oil the models of Commins [this proceedings, 2003] and employs subtraction of median extinction values from the measured magnitudes of Type la supernovae found in spiral galaxies, but combined with observational selection effects. Then, we estimate corrections to cosmological parameters. This work generally supports the SCP and Hi-Z team discovery of a non-zero A. One of the goals of some of the dust treatments was to find a solution to the dust corrections that could "re-center" the fit to cosmological parameters from supernovae on the Omega(tot) = 1 line segment in the Omega(m) - Omega(A) plane. Such a "solution" Was found and requires more dust in distant SCP cosmological supernovae than in nearby galaxies (the Calan-Tololo supernovae). Other host galaxy dust scenarios with differing amounts of dust and consequences for cosmology are explored. No convincing scenario of dust has yet been able to be developed for host galaxies in the observed SCP data which include observational selection that yields a A = 0 universe. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fac Sci Luminy, CNRS, IN3P3, Ctr Phys Particles, F-13288 Marseille, France. Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Pennypacker, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pennypacker@lbl.gov OI Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 577 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.037 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 820LU UT WOS:000221391400004 ER PT J AU Melchior, AL Combes, F Pennypacker, C AF Melchior, AL Combes, F Pennypacker, C TI Supernova rates and host galaxies properties in the Local Universe SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Supernovae and Dust CY MAY 16-17, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE DE supernovae; galaxies; star formation ID LUMINOSITY AB We present a short overview of a systematic study performed on supernovae (SN) in the Local Universe, collected from the IAU circulars. We estimate empirical selection biases on the host galaxy and SN detection luminosities. The correction of these biases enables us to derive SN rates and to study their dependency with the galaxy luminosity. We show for the first time a clear correlation of the number of detected supernovae with the L-B luminosity of the host galaxy. We do not detect any significant difference in this correlation between type-Ia and core-collapse SN. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Melchior, AL (reprint author), Observ Paris, LERMA, 61 Av Observ, F-75014 Paris, France. EM a.l.melchior@obspm.fr OI Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 591 EP 594 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.048 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 820LU UT WOS:000221391400006 ER PT J AU Prasad, V AF Prasad, V TI Low redshift type 1a supernovae calibration SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Supernovae and Dust CY MAY 16-17, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE DE supernovae; photometric calibration; cosmology AB The calibration of 20 supernovae discovered and observed by the Supernovae Cosmology Project and EROS collaboration in 1999 is described. Using novel calibration techniques, we calibrate the supernovae images in the Johnson-Cousins U. B. V. R and I bands at the 1% level. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prasad, V (reprint author), Yale Univ, 23A SPL,217 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM vprasad@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 633 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.058 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 820LU UT WOS:000221391400014 ER PT J AU Wood-Vasey, WM Aldering, G Lee, BC Loken, S Nugent, P Perlmutter, S Siegrist, J Wang, L Antilogus, P Astier, P Hardin, D Pain, R Copin, Y Smadja, G Gangler, E Castera, A Adam, G Bacon, R Lemonnier, JP Pecontal, A Pecontal, E Kessler, R AF Wood-Vasey, WM Aldering, G Lee, BC Loken, S Nugent, P Perlmutter, S Siegrist, J Wang, L Antilogus, P Astier, P Hardin, D Pain, R Copin, Y Smadja, G Gangler, E Castera, A Adam, G Bacon, R Lemonnier, JP Pecontal, A Pecontal, E Kessler, R TI The Nearby Supernova Factory SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Supernovae and Dust CY MAY 16-17, 2003 CL Paris, FRANCE DE supernovae; galaxies ID UNIVERSE; LAMBDA; OMEGA AB The Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) is an ambitious project to find and study in detail approximately 300 nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe la) at redshifts 0.03 < z < 0.08. This program will provide an exceptional data set of well-studied SNe in the nearby smooth Hubble flow that can be used as calibration for the current and future programs designed to use SNe to measure the cosmological parameters. The first key ingredient for this program is a reliable supply of Hubble-flow SNe systematically discovered in unprecedented numbers using the same techniques as those used in distant SNe searches. In 2002, 35 SNe were found using our test-bed pipeline for automated SN search and discovery. The pipeline uses images from the asteroid search conducted by the Near Earth Asteroid Tracking group at JPL. Improvements in our subtraction techniques and analysis have allowed LIS to increase our effective SN discovery rate to similar to12 SNe/month in 2003. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LPNHE, Paris, France. IPNL, Lyon, France. CRAL, Lyon, France. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Wood-Vasey, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 50R232, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wmwood-vasey@lbl.gov RI Copin, Yannick/B-4928-2015; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015 OI Copin, Yannick/0000-0002-5317-7518; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661 NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.056 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 820LU UT WOS:000221391400015 ER PT J AU Norby, RJ Luo, YQ AF Norby, RJ Luo, YQ TI Evaluating ecosystem responses to rising atmospheric CO(2) and global warming in a multi-factor world SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE CO(2) enrichment; climate change; temperature; warming; data-model fusion; interactions ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; LONG-TERM RESPONSE; RED MAPLE SAPLINGS; ELEVATED CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; PLANT-GROWTH; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN DEPOSITION AB Analyses of ecosystem responses to global change must embrace the reality of multiple, interacting environmental factors. Ecosystem models demonstrate the importance of examining the combined effects of the gradually rising concentration of atmospheric CO(2) and the climatic change that attends it. Models to forecast future changes need data support to be useful, and data-model fusion has become essential in global change research. There is a wealth of information on plant responses to CO(2) and temperature, but there have been few ecosystem-scale experiments investigating the combined or interactive effects of CO(2) enrichment and warming. Factorial experiments to investigate interactions can be difficult to design, conduct, and interpret, and their results may not support predictions at the ecosystem scale - in the context of global change they will always be case studies. An alternative approach is to gain a thorough understanding of the modes of action of single factors, and rely on our understanding (as represented in models) to inform us of the probable interactions. Multifactor (CO(2) x temperature) experiments remain important, however, for testing concepts, demonstrating the reality of multiple-factor influences, and reminding us that surprises can be expected. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Norby, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rjn@oml.gov RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 80 TC 211 Z9 246 U1 11 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 162 IS 2 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01047.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815RH UT WOS:000221058900004 ER PT J AU Pendall, E Bridgham, S Hanson, PJ Hungate, B Kicklighter, DW Johnson, DW Law, BE Luo, YQ Megonigal, JP Olsrud, M Ryan, MG Wan, SQ AF Pendall, E Bridgham, S Hanson, PJ Hungate, B Kicklighter, DW Johnson, DW Law, BE Luo, YQ Megonigal, JP Olsrud, M Ryan, MG Wan, SQ TI Below-ground process responses to elevated CO2 and temperature: a discussion of observations, measurement methods, and models SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE carbon sequestration; CO2 fertilization; mycorrhizas; nutrient cycling; rhizosphere; soil carbon; soil respiration; soil warming ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; FINE-ROOT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; PINUS-TAEDA; NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES AB Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperatures are probably altering ecosystem carbon cycling, causing both positive and negative feedbacks to climate. Below-ground processes play a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle because they regulate storage of large quantities of C, and are potentially very sensitive to direct and indirect effects of elevated CO2 and temperature. Soil organic matter pools, roots and associated rhizosphere organisms all have distinct responses to environmental change drivers, although availability of C substrates will regulate all the responses. Elevated CO2 increases C supply below-ground, whereas warming is likely to increase respiration and decomposition rates, leading to speculation that these effects will moderate one another. However, indirect effects on soil moisture availability and nutrient supply may alter processes in unexpected directions. Detailed, mechanistic understanding and modelling of below-ground flux components, pool sizes and turnover rates is needed to adequately predict long-term, net C storage in ecosystems. In this synthesis, we discuss the current status of below-ground responses to elevated CO2 and temperature and potential feedback effects, methodological challenges, and approaches to integrating models and measurements. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Oregon, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Forest Serv Rocky Mt, USDA, Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pendall, E (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM Pendall@uwyo.edu RI Wan, Shiqiang/B-5799-2009; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011; Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887; Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 131 TC 198 Z9 218 U1 11 U2 164 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 162 IS 2 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01053.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815RH UT WOS:000221058900006 ER PT J AU Sholtis, JD Gunderson, CA Norby, RJ Tissue, DT AF Sholtis, JD Gunderson, CA Norby, RJ Tissue, DT TI Persistent stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 in a sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) forest stand SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biochemical capacity; deciduous trees; FACE; forest; Liquidambar styraciflua; nitrogen; photosynthetic adjustment; photosynthetic capacity ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GROWN PINUS-RADIATA; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAF NITROGEN; LOBLOLLY-PINE; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; DOWN-REGULATION AB The photosynthetic response of trees to rising CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) can be affected by plant source-sink relations, in addition to seasonal changes in environmental conditions. Characterization of biochemical and morphological feedbacks is important for understanding ecosystem responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. The seasonal responses of leaf gas exchange and related biochemical parameters were measured during 3 yrs of exposure on established plantation sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees at a Free-Air CO, Enrichment (FACE) facility in eastern Tennessee, USA. Net photosynthetic rates (A(growth)) of upper-canopy leaves were 44% higher in trees grown in elevated [CO2] compared with ambient [CO2] over the 3-yr period. There were no significant CO2 treatment effects on photosynthetic or biochemical capacity (i.e. no change in A(max), V-cmax or J(max)) of L. styraciflua leaves, despite increased area-based leaf sugar (10%) and starch content (27%), and reduced mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration (N-M; 10%). These results suggest that established L. styraciflua trees in closed-canopy forests might exhibit a long-term positive response to elevated [CO2] without reductions in photosynthetic capacity. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tissue, DT (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM david.tissue@ttu.edu RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Tissue, David/H-6596-2015 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047 NR 80 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 162 IS 2 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01028.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815RH UT WOS:000221058900009 ER PT J AU Wan, SQ Norby, RJ Pregitzer, KS Ledford, J O'Neill, EG AF Wan, SQ Norby, RJ Pregitzer, KS Ledford, J O'Neill, EG TI CO2 enrichment and warming of the atmosphere enhance both productivity and mortality of maple tree fine roots SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE red maple (Acer rubrum); sugar maple (Acer saccharum); elevated CO2; fine roots; root production; root mortality; temperature ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SUGAR MAPLE; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; PINUS-PONDEROSA; LOLIUM-PERENNE AB Fine roots are the key link for plant water and nutrient uptake, soil carbon (C) input and soil microbial activity in forest ecosystems, and play a critical role in regulating ecosystem C balance and its response to global change. Red maple (Acer rubrum) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings were grown for four growing seasons in open-top chambers and exposed to ambient or elevated carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] in combination with ambient or elevated temperature. Fine-root production and mortality were monitored using minirhizotrons, and root biomass was determined from soil cores. Both elevated [CO2] and temperature significantly enhanced production and mortality of fine roots during spring and summer of 1996. At the end of the experiment in September 1997, fine root biomass was significantly lower in elevated temperature chambers, but there were no effects of elevated [CO2] or the interactions between elevated [CO2] and temperature. Deciduous trees have dynamic root systems, and their activity can be enhanced by CO2 enrichment and climatic warming. Static measures of root response, such as soil core data, obscure the dynamic nature, which is critical for understanding the response of forest C cycling to global change. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49905 USA. RP Wan, SQ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wans@ornl.gov RI Wan, Shiqiang/B-5799-2009; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828 NR 74 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 8 U2 60 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 162 IS 2 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01034.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 815RH UT WOS:000221058900017 ER PT J AU Brown, J West, G AF Brown, J West, G TI One rate to rule them all SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Article C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Brown, J (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON SM2 5AS, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 182 IS 2445 BP 38 EP 41 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 816XH UT WOS:000221142100040 ER PT J AU Knudson, DL Rempe, JL Condie, KG Suh, KY Cheung, FB Kim, SB AF Knudson, DL Rempe, JL Condie, KG Suh, KY Cheung, FB Kim, SB TI Late-phase melt conditions affecting the potential for in-vessel retention in high power reactors SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Nuclear Energy (ICONE-11) CY APR 20-23, 2003 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB If cooling is inadequate during a reactor accident, a significant amount of core material could become molten and relocate to the lower head of the reactor vessel, as happened in the Three Mile Island Unit 2 accident. In such a case, concerns about containment failure and associated risks can be eliminated if it is possible to ensure that the lower head remains intact so that relocated core materials are retained within the vessel. Accordingly, in-vessel retention (IVR) of core melt as a key severe accident management strategy has been adopted by some operating nuclear power plants and planned for some advanced light water reactors. However, it is not clear that currently proposed external reactor vessel cooling (ERVC) without additional enhancements can provide sufficient heat removal to assure IVR for high power reactors (i.e., reactors with power levels up to 1500 MWe). Consequently, a joint United States/Korean International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (I-NERI) has been launched to develop recommendations to improve the margin of success for in-vessel retention in high power reactors. This program is initially focussed on the Korean Advanced Power Reactor-1400 MWe (APR1400) design. However, recommendations will be developed that can be applied to a wide range of existing and advanced reactor designs. The recommendations will focus on modifications to enhance ERVC and modifications to enhance in-vessel debris coolability. In this paper, late-phase melt conditions affecting the potential for IVR of core melt in the APR1400 were established as a basis for developing the I-NERI recommendations. The selection of 'bounding' reactor accidents, simulation of those accidents using the SCDAP/RELAP5-3D(C) code, and resulting late-phase melt conditions are presented. Results from this effort indicate that bounding late-phase melt conditions could include large melt masses (> 120,000 kg) relocating at high temperatures (similar to3400 K). Estimated lower head heat fluxes associated with this melt could exceed the maximum critical heat flux, indicating additional measures such as the use of a core catcher and/or modifications to enhance external reactor vessel cooling may be necessary to ensure in-vessel retention of core melt. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul, South Korea. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. RP Knudson, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM knu@inel.gov OI Rempe, Joy/0000-0001-5527-3549 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.11.029 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 822TH UT WOS:000221562700010 ER PT J AU Carelli, MD Conway, LE Oriani, L Petrovic, B Lombardi, C Ricotti, ME Barroso, ACO Collado, JM Cinotti, L Todreas, NE Grgic, D Moraes, MM Boroughs, RD Ninokata, H Ingersoll, DT Oriolo, F AF Carelli, MD Conway, LE Oriani, L Petrovic, B Lombardi, C Ricotti, ME Barroso, ACO Collado, JM Cinotti, L Todreas, NE Grgic, D Moraes, MM Boroughs, RD Ninokata, H Ingersoll, DT Oriolo, F TI The design and safety features of the IRIS reactor SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Nuclear Energy (ICONE-11) CY APR 20-23, 2003 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID PLANT AB Salient features of the International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS) are presented here. IRIS, an integral, modular, medium size (335 MWe) PWR, has been under development since the turn of the century by an international consortium led by Westinghouse and including over 20 organizations from nine countries. Described here are the features of the integral design which includes steam generators, pumps and pressurizer inside the vessel, together with the core, control rods, and neutron reflector/shield. A brief summary is provided of the IRIS approach to extended maintenance over a 48-month schedule. The unique IRIS safety-by-design approach is discussed, which, by eliminating accidents, at the design stage, or decreasing their consequences/probabilities when outright elimination is not possible, provides a very powerful first level of defense in depth. The safety-by-design allows a significant reduction and simplification of the passive safety systems, which are presented here, together with an assessment of the IRIS response to transients and postulated accidents. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Elect Corp, Sci & Technol Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. Politecn Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Zagreb, Zagreb 41000, Croatia. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. RP Westinghouse Elect Corp, Sci & Technol Dept, 1344 Beulah Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. EM carellmd@westinghouse.com OI ricotti, marco e./0000-0003-3914-4370 NR 17 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 EI 1872-759X J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 151 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.11.022 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 822TH UT WOS:000221562700011 ER PT J AU Rempe, JL Knudson, DL Condie, KG Suh, KY Cheung, EB Kim, SB AF Rempe, JL Knudson, DL Condie, KG Suh, KY Cheung, EB Kim, SB TI Corium retention for high power reactors by an in-vessel core catcher in combination with External Reactor Vessel Cooling SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Nuclear Energy (ICONE-11) CY APR 20-23, 2003 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB If there were inadequate cooling during a reactor accident, a significant amount of core material could become molten and relocate to the lower head of the reactor vessel, as happened in the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) accident. If it is possible to ensure that the vessel lower head remains intact so that relocated core materials are retained within the vessel, the enhanced safety associated with these plants can reduce concerns about containment failure and associated risk. For example, the enhanced safety of the Westinghouse Advanced 600 MWe Pressurized Water Reactor (AP600), which relied upon External Reactor Vessel Cooling (ERVC) for in-vessel retention (IVR), resulted in the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) approving the design without requiring certain conventional features common to existing Light Water Reactors (LWRs). Accordingly, IVR of core melt is a key severe accident management strategy adopted by some operating nuclear power plants and proposed for some advanced light water reactors. However, it is not clear that currently-proposed methods to achieve ERVC will provide sufficient heat removal for higher power reactors. A US-Korean International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (INERI) project has been initiated in which the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), Seoul National University (SNU), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), and the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) will determine if IVR is feasible for reactors up to 1500 MWe. This paper summarizes results from the first year of this 3-year project. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Rempe, JL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM yoj@inel.gov OI Rempe, Joy/0000-0001-5527-3549 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 293 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.11.031 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 822TH UT WOS:000221562700021 ER PT J AU Rempe, JL Knudson, DL Condie, KG Suh, KY Cheung, RB Kim, SB AF Rempe, JL Knudson, DL Condie, KG Suh, KY Cheung, RB Kim, SB TI Conceptual design of an in-vessel core catcher SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Nuclear Energy (ICONE-11) CY APR 20-23, 2003 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB An enhanced in-vessel core catcher is being designed and evaluated as part of a joint United States (US)-Korean International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (INERI) investigating methods to insure retention of materials that may relocate to the lower head of a reactor vessel under severe accident conditions in advanced reactors. This enhanced core catcher design consists of several interlocking sections that are machined to fit together when inserted into the lower head. Each section of the core catcher consists of two material layers with an option to add a third layer (if deemed necessary): a base material, which has the capability to support and contain the mass of core materials that may relocate during a severe accident; an insulator coating material on top of the base material, which resists interactions with high-temperature core materials; and an optional coating on the bottom side of the base material to prevent any potential oxidation of the base material during the lifetime of the reactor. This paper summarizes results from thermal, flow, and structural analyses as well as initial scoping materials interaction tests that were completed to support the conceptual design of the core catcher. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Rempe, JL (reprint author), INEEL, POB 1625,MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM yoj@inel.gov OI Rempe, Joy/0000-0001-5527-3549 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 230 IS 1-3 BP 311 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2003.11.030 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 822TH UT WOS:000221562700022 ER PT J AU Allain, JP Whyte, DG Brooks, JN AF Allain, JP Whyte, DG Brooks, JN TI Lithium erosion experiments and modelling under quiescent plasma conditions in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID MATERIALS EVALUATION SYSTEM; LIQUID LITHIUM; DIVERTOR; EROSION/REDEPOSITION; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT; RETENTION; PHASE AB Lithium-sputtering erosion and transport has been measured in the outer divertor of the DIII-D tokamak. The Divertor Materials Evaluation System (DiMES) mechanism places a 2.5 cm lithium spot as a plasma-facing surface in the divertor. Plasma diagnostics and atomic lithium visible spectroscopy are used to measure the lithium erosion yield near the outer strikepoint (OSP) with swept-plasma parameters of electron temperature 5-25 eV and electron density (0.03-1.80) x 10(19) m(-3). Solid-phase lithium physical sputtering is measured to be less than 10% (Li/D+). The yield increases with incident energy. Physical sputtering models confirm measurements of sputtered energy and spatial distributions showing skewed angular distributions when the sample is exposed near the OSP and isotropic angular distributions when the sample is exposed to the private flux region. REDEP/WBC modelling of near-surface impurity transport agrees well with experimental measurements showing sputtered lithium neutral atoms effectively ionized about a centimetre away from the Li-DiMES probe surface. A reduction in lithium physical sputtering by a factor of 4-5 is measured when the lithium surface forms an oxide, consistent with the physical sputtering behaviour of most metal-oxides. Although of less significance than lithium atom transport, there is a modelling/data discrepancy regarding lithium ion transport with, e.g. the data showing more asymmetric ion transport than predicted. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Allain, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X NR 34 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/5/009 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827SX UT WOS:000221922200010 ER PT J AU Yoon, M Corbett, J Cornacchia, M Tanabe, J Terebilo, A AF Yoon, M Corbett, J Cornacchia, M Tanabe, J Terebilo, A TI Analysis of a storage ring combined-function magnet: trajectory calculation and alignment procedure SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE gradient dipole; combined-function magnet; magnet alignment; beam dynamics AB Using an accurate trajectory calculation based on the measured magnetic field, a standard alignment procedure for a straight combined-function dipole magnet is described. The nonlinear equation of a particle is integrated analytically as well as numerically to obtain and compare the path length of a reference particle, the effective length of the magnet and linear transfer matrix elements. Using calculated results, an alignment scheme for the two families of combined-function magnet in SPEAR3 is proposed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yoon, M (reprint author), POSTECH, Dept Phys, San 31,Hyoja Dong, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. EM moohyun@postech.ac.kr; tanabe@slac.stanford.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.429 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 815ZA UT WOS:000221079000002 ER PT J AU Koscielniak, S Johnstone, C AF Koscielniak, S Johnstone, C TI Mechanisms for nonlinear acceleration in FFAGs with fixed RF SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE muon acceleration; nonscaling FFAG; nonlinear dynamical systems AB A signature of fixed-field acceleration is that the orbit of the beam centroid unavoidably changes with energy. The corresponding, often nonlinear, change in path length results in phase slip of the particle beam relative to a fixed-frequency accelerating waveform. Nonetheless, depending on the number and location of the fixed-points of the motion. acceleration is possible for a limited number of turns by allowing the beam to cross back and forth across the crest (cross-crest acceleration). For multiple fixed points, this asynchronous form of acceleration is facilitated by a libration path that extends from injection to extraction energy when a threshold value of accelerating voltage exceeded. Successful acceleration is accomplished when the radio frequency is made synchronous with the revolution period at the machine central orbit, or when the RF is offset in a prescribed manner that leads to staggering of phase traces on consecutive turns. The present work explores the influence of the fixed points and of RF manipulations on the longitudinal dynamics in FFAGs with a variety of path-length dependence on kinetic energy; emphasis is given to quadratic dependence as occurs in a type of accelerator currently proposed for rapid acceleration of muons. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Koscielniak, S (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM shane@triumf.ca NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.12.028 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 815ZA UT WOS:000221079000004 ER PT J AU Abraham, J Aglietta, M Aguirre, IC Albrow, M Allard, D Allekotte, I Allison, P Muniz, JA do Amaral, MG Ambrosio, M Anchordoqui, L Andrews, R Anguiano, M dos Anjos, JC Aramo, C Argiro, S Ariska, K Arteaga, JC Atulugama, S Ave, M Avila, G Baggio, R Bai, X Barbosa, AF Barbosa, HMJ Barnhill, D Barroso, SLC Bauleo, P Beatty, J Beau, T Becker, KH Bellido, JA Bello, P Bergmann, T Berman, E Bertou, X Biermann, P Billoir, P Biral, R Bluemer, H Bohacova, M Bollmann, E Bonifazi, C Boratav, M Boselli, A Brack, J Brunet, JM Bui-Duc, H Cabrera, V Camin, DV Capdevielle, JN Carreno, A Cartiglia, N Caruso, R de Carvalho, LA Casanova, S Casimiro, E Castellina, A Castro, J Cattaneo, PW Cazon, L Cester, R Chavez, N Cheam, D Chiavassa, A Chinellato, JA Chiosso, M Chou, A Chye, J Cillis, A Civit, B Claes, D Clark, PDJ Clay, RW Cohen, F Cordero, A Cordier, A Cormier, E Cotzomi, J Cotti, U Coutu, S Covault, CE Creusot, A Cronin, JW Cuautle, M Dagoret-Campagne, S Dang-Quang, T Da Silva, P Darling, J Darriulat, P Daumiller, K Dawson, BR de Bruijn, L De Capoa, A de Oliveira, MAL de Souza, V Della Selva, A Deligny, O Diaz, JC Dobrigkeit, C D'Olivio, JC Dorofeev, A Dova, MT Dye, A DuVernois, MA Engel, R Epele, LN Eschstruth, P Escobar, CO Etchegoyen, A San Luis, PF Fauth, AC Fazzini, N Fernandez, A Ferrero, AMJ Fick, B Filevich, A Filipcic, A Fonte, R Fulgione, W Gamez, E Garcia, B Garcia, CA Geenen, H Gemmeke, H Germain-Renaud, C Ghia, PL Gibbs, K Giller, M Gitto, J Glass, H Berisso, MG Vitale, PFG Gonzalez, J Gonzalez, J Gora, D Goodwin, A Gouffon, P Grassi, V Grillo, AF Grunfeld, C Grygar, J Guarino, F Guedes, G Guerard, C Gumbsheimer, R Harton, JL Hasenbalg, F Heck, D Hernandez, JM Hoffer, D Hojvat, C Homola, P Horvat, M Hrabovsky, M Insolia, A Jaminion, S Jeronimo, Y Jiang, L Kaducak, M Kampert, KH Keilhauer, B Kemp, E Klages, H Kleifges, M Kleinfeller, J Knapp, J Kopmann, A Kunka, N Kutschera, M Lachaud, C Lapolla, M Letessier-Selvon, A Lhenry-Yvon, I Lloyd-Evans, J Lopez, R Aguera, AL Lucano, M Luna, R Ma, Y Mancenido, ME Manfredi, PF Manhaes, L Mantsch, P Mariazzi, AG Markus, MJ Martin, G Martineau, O Martinez, J Martinez, N Martinez, O Mathes, HJ Matthews, JAJ Matthews, J Matthiae, G Marques, E Matussek, P Maurin, G Maurizio, D Mazur, P McCauley, T McEwen, M McNeil, RR Medina, C Medina, MC Medina-Tanco, G Melo, D Melocchi, M Menichetti, E Menshikov, A Meyer, F Meyhandan, R Meza, JC Miele, G Miller, W Mohammed, M Monnier-Ragaigne, D Morello, C Moreno, E Mostafa, M Mussa, R Nassini, H Navarra, G Nellen, L Nerling, F Newman-Holmes, C Nicotra, D Nigro, S Nitz, D Nogima, H Nosek, D Nunez, M Ohnuki, T Olinto, A Ostaptchenko, S Palatka, M Parente, G Parizot, E Pasaye, EH Pastrone, N Patel, M Paul, T Pedraza, I Pekala, J Pelayo, R Pepe, IM Perez-Lorenzana, A Perrone, L Peshman, N Petrera, S Petrinca, P Pham-Ngoc, D Pham-Trung, P Pierog, T Pisanti, O Playez, N Ponce, E Porter, TA Prado, LJ Privitera, P Prouza, M Pryke, CL Rafert, JB Raia, G Ranchon, S Ratti, L Ravignani, D Re, V Risse, M Rizi, V Roberts, MD Robledo, C Rodriguez, G Rodriquez, J Martino, JR Roman, S Rosa, L Roth, M Rovero, AC Salazar, H Salina, G Sanchez, F Santander, M dos Santos, LG Sato, R Schovanek, P Scherini, V Sciutto, SJ Sequeiros-Haddad, G Shellard, RC Shibuya, E Siguas, FV Slater, W Smetniansky-De Grande, N Smith, K Snow, GR Sommers, P Song, C Spinka, H Suarez, F Suomijarvi, T Supanitsky, D Swain, J Szadkowski, Z Tamashiro, A Thornton, GJ Thouw, T Ticona, R Tkaczyk, W Peixoto, CJT Tripathi, A Tristram, G Trombley, M Tscherniakhovski, D Tuckey, P Tunnicliffe, V Urban, M Estrada, CU Valdes, JF Vargas, A Vargas, C Vazquez, R Veberic, D Veiga, A Velarde, A Vernotte, F Verzi, V Videla, M Vigorito, C Villasenor, LM Vlcek, M Voyvodic, L Vo-Van, T Waldenmaier, T Walker, P Warner, D Watson, AA Wiebusch, C Wieczorek, G Wilczynska, B Wilczynski, H Wild, NR Yamamoto, T Zas, E Zavrtanik, D Zavrtanik, M Zepeda, A Zhang, C Zhu, Q AF Abraham, J Aglietta, M Aguirre, IC Albrow, M Allard, D Allekotte, I Allison, P Muniz, JA do Amaral, MG Ambrosio, M Anchordoqui, L Andrews, R Anguiano, M dos Anjos, JC Aramo, C Argiro, S Ariska, K Arteaga, JC Atulugama, S Ave, M Avila, G Baggio, R Bai, X Barbosa, AF Barbosa, HMJ Barnhill, D Barroso, SLC Bauleo, P Beatty, J Beau, T Becker, KH Bellido, JA Bello, P Bergmann, T Berman, E Bertou, X Biermann, P Billoir, P Biral, R Bluemer, H Bohacova, M Bollmann, E Bonifazi, C Boratav, M Boselli, A Brack, J Brunet, JM Bui-Duc, H Cabrera, V Camin, DV Capdevielle, JN Carreno, A Cartiglia, N Caruso, R de Carvalho, LA Casanova, S Casimiro, E Castellina, A Castro, J Cattaneo, PW Cazon, L Cester, R Chavez, N Cheam, D Chiavassa, A Chinellato, JA Chiosso, M Chou, A Chye, J Cillis, A Civit, B Claes, D Clark, PDJ Clay, RW Cohen, F Cordero, A Cordier, A Cormier, E Cotzomi, J Cotti, U Coutu, S Covault, CE Creusot, A Cronin, JW Cuautle, M Dagoret-Campagne, S Dang-Quang, T Da Silva, P Darling, J Darriulat, P Daumiller, K Dawson, BR de Bruijn, L De Capoa, A de Oliveira, MAL de Souza, V Della Selva, A Deligny, O Diaz, JC Dobrigkeit, C D'Olivio, JC Dorofeev, A Dova, MT Dye, A DuVernois, MA Engel, R Epele, LN Eschstruth, P Escobar, CO Etchegoyen, A San Luis, PF Fauth, AC Fazzini, N Fernandez, A Ferrero, AMJ Fick, B Filevich, A Filipcic, A Fonte, R Fulgione, W Gamez, E Garcia, B Garcia, CA Geenen, H Gemmeke, H Germain-Renaud, C Ghia, PL Gibbs, K Giller, M Gitto, J Glass, H Berisso, MG Vitale, PFG Gonzalez, J Gonzalez, J Gora, D Goodwin, A Gouffon, P Grassi, V Grillo, AF Grunfeld, C Grygar, J Guarino, F Guedes, G Guerard, C Gumbsheimer, R Harton, JL Hasenbalg, F Heck, D Hernandez, JM Hoffer, D Hojvat, C Homola, P Horvat, M Hrabovsky, M Insolia, A Jaminion, S Jeronimo, Y Jiang, L Kaducak, M Kampert, KH Keilhauer, B Kemp, E Klages, H Kleifges, M Kleinfeller, J Knapp, J Kopmann, A Kunka, N Kutschera, M Lachaud, C Lapolla, M Letessier-Selvon, A Lhenry-Yvon, I Lloyd-Evans, J Lopez, R Aguera, AL Lucano, M Luna, R Ma, Y Mancenido, ME Manfredi, PF Manhaes, L Mantsch, P Mariazzi, AG Markus, MJ Martin, G Martineau, O Martinez, J Martinez, N Martinez, O Mathes, HJ Matthews, JAJ Matthews, J Matthiae, G Marques, E Matussek, P Maurin, G Maurizio, D Mazur, P McCauley, T McEwen, M McNeil, RR Medina, C Medina, MC Medina-Tanco, G Melo, D Melocchi, M Menichetti, E Menshikov, A Meyer, F Meyhandan, R Meza, JC Miele, G Miller, W Mohammed, M Monnier-Ragaigne, D Morello, C Moreno, E Mostafa, M Mussa, R Nassini, H Navarra, G Nellen, L Nerling, F Newman-Holmes, C Nicotra, D Nigro, S Nitz, D Nogima, H Nosek, D Nunez, M Ohnuki, T Olinto, A Ostaptchenko, S Palatka, M Parente, G Parizot, E Pasaye, EH Pastrone, N Patel, M Paul, T Pedraza, I Pekala, J Pelayo, R Pepe, IM Perez-Lorenzana, A Perrone, L Peshman, N Petrera, S Petrinca, P Pham-Ngoc, D Pham-Trung, P Pierog, T Pisanti, O Playez, N Ponce, E Porter, TA Prado, LJ Privitera, P Prouza, M Pryke, CL Rafert, JB Raia, G Ranchon, S Ratti, L Ravignani, D Re, V Risse, M Rizi, V Roberts, MD Robledo, C Rodriguez, G Rodriquez, J Martino, JR Roman, S Rosa, L Roth, M Rovero, AC Salazar, H Salina, G Sanchez, F Santander, M dos Santos, LG Sato, R Schovanek, P Scherini, V Sciutto, SJ Sequeiros-Haddad, G Shellard, RC Shibuya, E Siguas, FV Slater, W Smetniansky-De Grande, N Smith, K Snow, GR Sommers, P Song, C Spinka, H Suarez, F Suomijarvi, T Supanitsky, D Swain, J Szadkowski, Z Tamashiro, A Thornton, GJ Thouw, T Ticona, R Tkaczyk, W Peixoto, CJT Tripathi, A Tristram, G Trombley, M Tscherniakhovski, D Tuckey, P Tunnicliffe, V Urban, M Estrada, CU Valdes, JF Vargas, A Vargas, C Vazquez, R Veberic, D Veiga, A Velarde, A Vernotte, F Verzi, V Videla, M Vigorito, C Villasenor, LM Vlcek, M Voyvodic, L Vo-Van, T Waldenmaier, T Walker, P Warner, D Watson, AA Wiebusch, C Wieczorek, G Wilczynska, B Wilczynski, H Wild, NR Yamamoto, T Zas, E Zavrtanik, D Zavrtanik, M Zepeda, A Zhang, C Zhu, Q CA Auger Collaboration TI Properties and performance of the prototype instrument for the Pierre Auger Observatory SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE ultra high energy cosmic rays; Auger Observatory; extensive air showers ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR PROTOTYPE; AIR SHOWER DETECTOR; TIME-TAGGING SYSTEM; RAY ENERGY-SPECTRUM; COSMIC-RAYS; ARRAY AB Construction of the first stage of the Pierre Auger Observatory has begun. The aim of the Observatory is to collect unprecedented information about cosmic rays above 10(18) eV. The first phase of the project, the construction and operation of a prototype system, known as the engineering array, has now been completed. It has allowed all of the sub-systems that will be used in the full instrument to be tested under field conditions. In this paper, the properties and performance of these sub-systems are described and their success illustrated with descriptions of some of the events recorded thus far. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leeds, Dept Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Tecnol Nacl Reg Mendoza, Ciudad Mendoza, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ciudad Mendoza, Argentina. Univ Turin, Sez Torino, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Paris 11, Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. CNEA, Inst Balseiro, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Univ Nacl Cuyo, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Lodz, Div Expt Phys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland. Univ Fed Fluminense, BR-24210340 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Dipartimento Fis, I-80123 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80123 Naples, Italy. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla 72500, Mexico. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Inst Politecn Nacl, CINVESTAV, Dept Phys, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Univ Leeds, Dept Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Pierre Auger So Observ, Mendoza, Argentina. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis, Dept Raios Cosm & Cronol, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Coll France, Lab Phys Corpusculaire & Cosmol, F-75005 Paris, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75005 Paris, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-75005 Paris, France. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Lab Tandar, RA-1650 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1650 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. So Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Dipartimento Fis, Laquila, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Laquila, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Michoacana San Nicolas Hidalgo, Morelia 58040, Michoacan, Mexico. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IFLP, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Brace Lab 116, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91408 Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, F-91408 Orsay, France. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, TH, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Catania Univ, Dipartimento Fis, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-95129 Catania, Italy. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst Prozessadetenverarbeitung & Elektron, D-76201 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Technol Nacl Reg San Rafael, Ciudad San Rafael, Argentina. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Expt, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Gran Sasso, Italy. Univ Santiago Compostela, Dept Fis Particulas, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron & Geofis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Franche Comte, Astrophys Lab, Observ Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France. CNRS, INSU, F-25010 Besancon, France. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Fed Bahia, BR-40210340 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. INFN Roma II, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Nova Gorica Polytech, Lab Astroparticle Phys, Nova Gorica 5001, Slovenia. Natl Acad Sci, La Paz, Bolivia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Leeds, Sch Elect Engn, Inst Integrated Informat Syst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Watson, AA (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Dept Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM a.a.watson@leeds.ac.uk RI Miele, Gennaro/F-3628-2010; fulgione, walter/I-5232-2012; Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/I-7972-2012; Bohacova, Martina/G-5898-2014; Cazon, Lorenzo/G-6921-2014; Schovanek, Petr/G-7117-2014; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/G-3873-2012; Prouza, Michael/F-8514-2014; Parente, Gonzalo/G-8264-2015; Casanova, Sabrina/J-8935-2013; Rosa, Luigi/K-3869-2015; Barbosa, Henrique/F-3499-2012; Zavrtanik, Marko/A-1524-2008; Fauth, Anderson/F-9570-2012; de souza, Vitor/D-1381-2012; Shellard, Ronald/G-4825-2012; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Song, Chihwa/A-3455-2008; Aramo, Carla/D-4317-2011; Kemp, Ernesto/H-1502-2011; Chiavassa, Andrea/A-7597-2012; Verzi, Valerio/B-1149-2012; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /F-2540-2011; Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015; Fulgione, Walter/C-8255-2016; zas, enrique/I-5556-2015; Kopmann, Andreas/B-3454-2013; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; Guarino, Fausto/I-3166-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo/C-1432-2014; Nosek, Dalibor/F-1129-2017; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; Ridky, Jan/H-6184-2014; OI Miele, Gennaro/0000-0002-2028-0578; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Cazon, Lorenzo/0000-0001-6748-8395; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/0000-0003-3669-8212; Prouza, Michael/0000-0002-3238-9597; Parente, Gonzalo/0000-0003-2847-0461; Casanova, Sabrina/0000-0002-6144-9122; Rosa, Luigi/0000-0002-5595-5037; Barbosa, Henrique/0000-0002-4027-1855; Zavrtanik, Marko/0000-0001-5606-6912; Fauth, Anderson/0000-0001-7239-0288; Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /0000-0002-1236-0789; Cattaneo, Paolo Walter/0000-0001-6877-6882; Ravignani, Diego/0000-0001-7410-8522; Aglietta, Marco/0000-0001-8354-5388; Castellina, Antonella/0000-0002-0045-2467; Matthews, James/0000-0002-1832-4420; Aramo, Carla/0000-0002-8412-3846; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566; Fulgione, Walter/0000-0002-2388-3809; zas, enrique/0000-0002-4430-8117; Kopmann, Andreas/0000-0002-2362-3943; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Guarino, Fausto/0000-0003-1427-9885; Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo/0000-0002-4683-230X; Nosek, Dalibor/0000-0001-6219-200X; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Gomez Berisso, Mariano/0000-0001-5530-0180; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393; Kothandan, Divay/0000-0001-9048-7518; Mantsch, Paul/0000-0002-8382-7745; Knapp, Johannes/0000-0003-1519-1383; Petrera, Sergio/0000-0002-6029-1255; Rizi, Vincenzo/0000-0002-5277-6527; Santander, Juan Marcos/0000-0001-7297-8217; Mussa, Roberto/0000-0002-0294-9071; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime/0000-0002-2367-0803; Kampert, Karl-Heinz/0000-0002-2805-0195; Garcia, Beatriz/0000-0003-0919-2734; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0001-5092-9748; Coutu, Stephane/0000-0003-2923-2246 NR 43 TC 562 Z9 566 U1 5 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 50 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.12.012 PG 46 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 815ZA UT WOS:000221079000005 ER PT J AU Rochman, D Haight, RC O' Donnell, JM Devlin, M Ethvignot, T Granier, T AF Rochman, D Haight, RC O' Donnell, JM Devlin, M Ethvignot, T Granier, T TI Neutron-induced reaction studies at FIGARO using a spallation source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron-induced reaction; FIGARO; white neutron source; neutron inelastic scattering ID INELASTIC-SCATTERING; DETECTOR; SI-28; SCINTILLATOR; SILICON; NUCLEI; RANGE; RAYS AB A description is given of the new flexible facility Fast Neutron-Induced Gamma-Ray Observer (FIGARO) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. FIGARO is designed to study fast-neutron-induced reactions that result in the emission of gamma rays and neutrons, using the white neutron beam of the Weapons Neutron Research Facility. The emitted neutrons and gamma rays are detected by several liquid scintillators and one high-resolution germanium or one barium-fluoride detector, respectively. As an example, the inelastic neutron scattering on Si from 4 to 20 MeV is presented and the results are compared with predictions of the nuclear model calculations performed with the codes GNASH and EMPIRE II. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCHE 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA DAM, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Rochman, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCHE 3, MS H855, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rochman@lanl.gov; haight@lanl.gov; odonnell@lanl.gov; devlin@lanl.gov; thierry.ethvignot@cea.fr; thierry.granier@cea.fr RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 102 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.12.026 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 815ZA UT WOS:000221079000007 ER PT J AU Peurrung, AJ AF Peurrung, AJ TI Reply to comment on "On the long-range detection of radioactivity using electromagnetic radiation" SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peurrung, AJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, M-S P8-20,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM aj.peurrung@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2003.12.020 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 815ZA UT WOS:000221079000022 ER PT J AU Warsa, JS Wareing, TA Morel, JE McGhee, JM Lehoucq, RB AF Warsa, JS Wareing, TA Morel, JE McGhee, JM Lehoucq, RB TI Krylov subspace iterations for deterministic k-eigenvalue calculations SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; TRANSPORT-EQUATION; ARNOLDI METHOD; MESHES AB The Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Method (IRAM), a Krylov subspace iterative method, applied to k-eigenvalue calculations for criticality problems in deterministic transport codes is discussed. A computationally efficient alternative to the power iteration method that is typically used for such problems, the IRAM not only finds the largest eigenvalue but also several additional higher order eigenvectors with little extra computational cost. Implementation requires only modest changes to existing power iteration coding present in an SN transport program. Numerical results are presented for three-dimensional SN transport on unstructured tetrahedral meshes to compare the IRAM results with those computed using the traditional, unaccelerated power iteration method The results indicate that the IRAM can be an efficient and powerful technique, especially for problems with dominance ratios approaching unity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Warsa, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM warsa@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 147 IS 1 BP 26 EP 42 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 814ZB UT WOS:000221011500002 ER PT J AU Lu, MS Teichmann, T AF Lu, MS Teichmann, T TI A model for dead-time effects in coincidence counting SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON MULTIPLICITY; ASSAY AB A physical model describing the production and decay of neutrons in a neutron coincidence counting detector is developed and used to derive the correlation functions for the neutrons in the detector system. The correlation functions serve as the basis for the modeling of dead-time effects for this as well as earlier models. An iterative scheme to correct the dead-time effects from measurements is suggested. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lu, MS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 475C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lu@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 147 IS 1 BP 56 EP 62 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 814ZB UT WOS:000221011500004 ER PT J AU Loaiza, DJ Stratton, W AF Loaiza, DJ Stratton, W TI Critically data for spherical U-235, Pu-239, and Np-237 systems reflector-moderated by low capturing-moderator materials SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE unstable; criticality; low-capturing moderator AB The critical dimensions of spherical systems moderated and reflected by low-capturing materials such as D2O, BeO, Be, and C were investigated. A parametric study of the critical mass of enriched uranium, plutonium, and neptunium is examined and tabulated. The results obtained expand on the understanding of reflector moderated critical systems, and they show regions of unstable criticality for U-235 and Pu-239 reflected cores at intermediate densities. This instability is illustrated by calculations of the positive reactivity coefficient of volume expansion. The coefficient is positive, not negative, in the intermediate density region for U-235 and Pu-239 systems. For Np-237 cores reflected by the same moderator, the effect is negligible. The critical dimensions were calculated with the DANTSYS codes using the Hansen-Roach cross-section libraries. This study is both a summary of mostly unpublished calculations and new calculations. Experimental data for these configurations are extremely limited. These are examined in the text when applicable. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loaiza, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J562, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dloaiza@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 146 IS 2 BP 143 EP 154 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 818LI UT WOS:000221246200005 ER PT J AU Icenhour, AS Toth, LM Wham, RM Brunson, RR AF Icenhour, AS Toth, LM Wham, RM Brunson, RR TI A simple kinetic model for the alpha radiolysis of water sorbed on NpO2 SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpha radiolysis; neptunium oxide; kinetic model AB Alpha radiolysis experiments have been performed on NpO2 that contains sorbed moisture. A high dose rate to the sample was achieved by spiking it with similar to7000 ppm (CM)-C-244 during preparation. Pressure monitoring of sample containers showed that a low, steady-state pressure plateau is reached This plateau indicates a situation in which the forward reaction (i.e., radiolysis of water) is equal to the back reaction (i.e., the reformation of H2O). In this technical note, a simple kinetic model that can be used for predicting steady-state pressures under practical conditions is described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harbach Engn & Solut, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. RP Icenhour, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM icenhouras@ornl.gov OI Icenhour, Alan/0000-0002-0095-7019 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 146 IS 2 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 818LI UT WOS:000221246200010 ER PT J AU Guliaev, AB Hang, B Singer, B AF Guliaev, AB Hang, B Singer, B TI Structural insights by molecular dynamics simulations into specificity of the major human AP endonuclease toward the benzene-derived DNA adduct, pBQ-C SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE; REPAIR ENZYME HAP1; APURINIC-APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE; COLI EXONUCLEASE-III; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; P-BENZOQUINONE; ACTIVE-SITE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; SUBSTRATE-BINDING; EXOCYCLIC ADDUCT AB The benzetheno exocyclic adduct of the cytosine (C) base (pBQ-C) is a product of reaction between DNA and a stable metabolite of the human carcinogen benzene, p-benzoquinone (pBQ). We reported previously that the pBQ-C-containing duplex is a substrate for the human AP endonuclease (APE1), an enzyme that cleaves an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site from double stranded DNA. In this work, using molecular dynamics simulation (MD), we provided a structural explanation for the recognition of the pBQ-C adduct by APE1. Molecular modeling of the DNA duplex containing pBQ-C revealed significant displacement of this adduct toward the major groove with pronounced kinking of the DNA at the lesion site, which could serve as a structural element recognized by the APE1 enzyme. Using 3 ns MD it was shown that the position of the pBQ-C adduct is stabilized by two hydrogen bonds formed between the adduct and the active site amino acids Asp 189 and Ala 175. The pBQ-C/APE1 complex, generated by MD, has a similar hydrogen bond network between target phosphodiester bond at the pBQ-C site and key amino acids at the active site, as in the crystallographically determined APE1 complexed with an AP site-containing DNA duplex. The position of the adduct at the enzyme active site, together with the hydrogen bond network, suggests a similar reaction mechanism for phosphodiester bond cleavage of oligonucleotide containing pBQ-C as reported for the AP site. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hang, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bo_hang@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA047723, CA 47723, CA 72079, R01 CA072079] NR 64 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 32 IS 9 BP 2844 EP 2852 DI 10.1093/nar/gkh594 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 825HM UT WOS:000221746900028 PM 15155853 ER PT J AU Jung, JY Lee, H Chen, MM AF Jung, JY Lee, H Chen, MM TI Simple, accurate treatment of curved boundaries with dirichlet and neumann conditions SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID CUT CELL METHOD; FRONT-TRACKING METHOD; CARTESIAN GRID METHOD; 2-DIMENSIONAL BODIES; COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; BODY PROBLEMS AB A simple and accurate numerical treatment of curved boundaries for the solution of elliptic or elliptic-parabolic partial differential equations typical of transport problems is described. The study is motivated by the importance of curved boundaries in applied and fundamental problems, especially those with Neumann conditions. Existing methods, including those employing unstructured or body-fitted meshes, are either clumsy, of low-order accuracy, or burdened with high computational overhead. The method employs elementary finite-difference meshes and places nodes on the curved boundaries to permit precise satisfaction of the boundary conditions. A key element of the method is the use of skew-tolerant algorithms to alleviate possible computational difficulties when boundary nodes are too close to interior nodes. Second-order equations and implementations are presented, easily extendable to third or higher orders. The higher-order space-time formulations and the implicit time integration's freedom from stability constraints render the approach potentially quite economical compared to conventional first-order approaches. The ability to satisfy Neumann boundary conditions accurately and economically can be a great asset in many problems, including free-boundary problems involving phase change and/or surface tension, as well as in pressure computations in Navier-Stokes solvers. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jung, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 46R0161, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JYJung@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5 BP 421 EP 448 DI 10.1080/10407790490277913 PG 28 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 813FK UT WOS:000220892800002 ER PT J AU Awwal, AAS Dutta, AK AF Awwal, AAS Dutta, AK TI Advances in optical components and subsystems for wavelength-division multiplexing communications SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF Programs, NIF Project Syst Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Banpil Photon Inc, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. RP Awwal, AAS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, NIF Programs, NIF Project Syst Engn, L-495,POB 0808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM awwall@llnl.gov; akdutta@banpil.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1016 EP 1017 DI 10.1117/1.1739478 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 821JS UT WOS:000221456900005 ER PT J AU Billah, ARB Wang, B Awwal, AAS AF Billah, ARB Wang, B Awwal, AAS TI Efficient traffic grooming in synchronous optical network/wavelength-division multiplexing bidirectional line-switched ring networks SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE synchronous optical network/wavelength-division multiplexing networks; traffic grooming; bidirectional line-switched ring networks; wavelength lower bounds; add-drop multiplexer lower bounds ID WDM RINGS; SONET/WDM RINGS; ADD-DROP; ALGORITHMS; COSTS AB We study traffic grooming in synchronous optical network/ wavelength-division multiplexing (SONET/WDM) bidirectional line-switched ring (BLSR) networks under the uniform all-to-all traffic model with an objective to reduce total network costs (wavelength and electronic multiplexing costs), in particular, to minimize the number of add-drop multiplexers (ADMs) while using the optimal number of wavelengths. We derive a new tighter lower bound for the number of wavelengths when the number of nodes is a multiple of 4. We show that this lower bound is achievable. We then derive new, more general, and tighter lower bounds for the number of ADMs subject to the constraint that the optimal number of wavelengths is used, and propose heuristic algorithms (the circle construction algorithm and the circle grooming algorithm) that try to minimize the number of ADMs while using the optimal number of wavelengths in BLSR networks. Both the bounds and algorithms are applicable to any value of r and for different wavelength granularity g. All previous ADM lower bounds except perhaps that in (Gerstel et al., 1999) were derived under the assumption that the magnitude of the traffic streams (r) is one unit (r = 1) with respect to the wavelength capacity granularity g. Performance evaluation shows that wherever applicable, our lower bounds are at least as good as existing bounds and are much tighter than existing ones in many cases. Our proposed heuristic grooming algorithms perform very well with traffic streams of larger magnitude. The resulting number of ADMs required is very close to the corresponding lower bounds derived in this paper. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Billah, ARB (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM bwang@cs.wright.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1114 DI 10.1117/1.1689331 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 821JS UT WOS:000221456900017 ER PT J AU Baker, KL Stappaerts, EA Wilks, SC Gavel, D Young, PE Tucker, J Olivier, SS Silva, DA Olsen, J AF Baker, KL Stappaerts, EA Wilks, SC Gavel, D Young, PE Tucker, J Olivier, SS Silva, DA Olsen, J TI Performance of a phase-conjugate engine implementing a finite-bit phase correction SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB The achievable Strehl ratio when a finite-bit correction to an aberrated wave front is implemented is examined. The phase-conjugate engine used to measure the aberrated wave front consists of a quadrature interferometric wave-front sensor, a liquid-crystal spatial light; modulator, and computer hardware-software to calculate and apply the correction. A finite-bit approximation to the conjugate phase is calculated and applied to the spatial light modulator to remove the aberrations from the optical beam. The experimentally determined Strehl ratio of the corrected beam is compared with analytical expressions for the expected Strehl ratio and shown to be in good agreement with those predictions. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM baker7@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9 BP 980 EP 982 DI 10.1364/OL.29.000980 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 815AW UT WOS:000221016200022 PM 15143647 ER PT J AU Ma, JS Theiler, J Perkins, S AF Ma, JS Theiler, J Perkins, S TI Two realizations of a general feature extraction framework SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear feature extraction; multi-class feature extraction; class separability; regularization; discriminant analysis; kernel functions; classification AB A general feature extraction framework is proposed as an extension of conventional linear discriminant analysis. Two nonlinear feature extraction algorithms based on this framework are investigated. The first is a kernel function feature extraction (KFFE) algorithm. A disturbance term is introduced to regularize the algorithm. Moreover, it is revealed that some existing nonlinear feature extraction algorithms are the special cases of this KFFE algorithm. The second feature extraction algorithm, mean-STD1-norm feature extraction algorithm, is also derived from the framework. Experiments based on both synthetic and real data are presented to demonstrate the performance of both feature extraction algorithms. (C) 2003 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Ma, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM junshui@osc.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 37 IS 5 BP 875 EP 887 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2003.10.010 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 810AM UT WOS:000220677200002 ER PT J AU Shin, MC Tsap, LV Goldgof, DB AF Shin, MC Tsap, LV Goldgof, DB TI Gesture recognition using Bezier curves for visualization navigation from registered 3-D data SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE motion analysis; gesture recognition system; hand tracking; Bezier curves; human-computer interaction; region detection and identification; visualization navigation; 3-D trajectory analysis ID HAND AB This paper presents a gesture recognition system for visualization navigation. Scientists are interested in developing interactive settings for exploring large data sets in an intuitive environment. The input consists of registered 3-D data. A geometric method using Bezier curves is used for the trajectory analysis and classification of gestures. The hand gesture speed is incorporated into the algorithm to enable correct recognition from trajectories with variations in hand speed. The method is robust and reliable: correct hand identification rate is 99.9% (from 1641 frames), modes of hand movements are correct 95.6% of the time, recognition rate (given the right mode) is 97.9%. An application to gesture-controlled visualization of 3D bioinformatics data is also presented. (C) 2004 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Dept, Adv Commun & Signal Proc Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci, Tampa, FL 34642 USA. RP Shin, MC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Comp Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM mcshin@uncc.edu; tsap@llnl.gov; goldgof@csee.usf.edu NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2003.11.007 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 810AM UT WOS:000220677200012 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, R Lookman, T Saxena, A Shenoy, SR AF Ahluwalia, R Lookman, T Saxena, A Shenoy, SR TI Pattern formation in ferroelastic transitions SO PHASE TRANSITIONS LA English DT Article DE ferroelastic material; structural transition; strain fields ID LEAD ORTHO-VANADATE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; STRAIN; MICROSCOPY AB We study pattern formation in ferroelastic materials using the Ginzburg-Landau approach. Since ferroelastic transitions are driven by strain, the nonlinear elastic free energy is expressed as an expansion in the appropriate (i.e., order parameter) strain variables. However, the displacement Fields are the real independent variables. whereas the components of the strain tensor are related to each other through elastic compatibility relations. These constraints manifest as an anisotropic long-range interaction which drastically influences the underlying microstructure. The evolution of the microstructure is demonstrated for (i) a hexagonal-to-orthorhombic transition using a strain-based approach with explicit long-range interactions; and (ii) a cubic-to-tetragonal transition by solving the force-balance equations for the displacement fields. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rajeev@viking.lanl.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1594 EI 1029-0338 J9 PHASE TRANSIT JI Phase Transit. PD MAY-JUL PY 2004 VL 77 IS 5-7 BP 457 EP 467 DI 10.1080/01411590410001672620 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Physics GA 821IV UT WOS:000221454600004 ER PT J AU Simonsen, I Eriksen, KA Maslov, S Sneppen, K AF Simonsen, I Eriksen, KA Maslov, S Sneppen, K TI Diffusion on complex networks: a way to probe their large-scale topological structures SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Max Born Symposium on Statistical Physics outside Physics CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL Ladek Zdroj, POLAND DE complex random networks; network modules; statistical physics AB A diffusion process on complex networks is introduced in order to uncover their large-scale topological structures. This is achieved by focusing on the slowest decaying diffusive modes of the network. The proposed procedure is applied to real-world networks like a friendship network of known modular structure, and an Internet routing network. For the friendship network, its known structure is well reproduced. In case of the Internet, where the structure is far less well known, one indeed finds a modular structure, and modules can roughly be associated with individual countries. Quantitatively, the modular structure of the Internet manifests itself in an approximately 10 times larger participation ratio of its slowest decaying modes as compared to the null model-a random scale-free network. The extreme edges of the Internet are found to correspond to Russian and US military sites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NTNU, Dept Phys, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Lund Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RP Simonsen, I (reprint author), NTNU, Dept Phys, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM ingves@phys.ntnu.no RI Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009; OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X; Sneppen, Kim/0000-0001-9820-3567 NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 336 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2004.01.021 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 803YB UT WOS:000220265300019 ER PT J AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, AA TI Theory of an unusual metal-insulator transition in layered high-T-c cuprates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Vortex Matter in Superconductors at Extreme Scales and Conditions CY SEP 20-28, 2003 CL Crete, GREECE DE layered cuprates; Fermi surface; metal-insulator transition ID IMPURITIES AB A theory is proposed describing the metal-insulator transition in layered cuprates, based on the experimental observation that the Fermi surface in the metallic phase remains large down to the transition. It is established that the transition is of the second order at small dopings and of the first order at larger ones. The role of impurity scattering is analyzed. The model provides explanations of the recently observed phenomenon in the metallic phase: formation of antiferromagnetic "bubbles" around nonmagnetic impurities. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Bldg 223,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abrikosov@anl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 404 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2003.09.113 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 817XZ UT WOS:000221211500002 ER PT J AU Hol'anova, Z Kacmarcik, J Szabo, P Samuely, P Sheikin, I Ribeiro, RA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Hol'anova, Z Kacmarcik, J Szabo, P Samuely, P Sheikin, I Ribeiro, RA Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Critical fluctuations in the carbon-doped magnesium diboride SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Vortex Matter in Superconductors at Extreme Scales and Conditions CY SEP 20-28, 2003 CL Crete, GREECE DE MgB2; carbon-doping; critical fluctuations; two-gap superconductivity ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; MGB2; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Carbon doping of magnesium diboride resulting in the Mg(B0.9C0.1)(2) stoichiometry leads to the superconducting transition temperature T-c = 22 K which is about 17 K less than in the pure MgB2. We present the magnetotransport measurements on the doped polycrystalline samples up to 23 T in the temperature range from 1.5 K. Despite the significantly lowered T-c the upper critical magnetic field H-c2 is much higher here than in the pure MgB2 and achieves values of about 25-30 Tesla at low temperatures comparable to the MgB2 samples with the highest level of impurity scattering. The anomalous temperature dependence H-c2(T) revealing a positive curvature in the overall temperature range is discussed in the framework of the two-gap superconductivity, which is still present here. As another possibility an importance of the critical fluctuations is considered within the Ullah-Dorsey scaling model. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Safarik Univ, Ctr Low Temp Phys, IEP SAS & FS, Kosice, Slovakia. CNRS, Grenoble High Magnet Field Lab, Grenoble, France. MPI, FKF, Grenoble, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. RP Hol'anova, Z (reprint author), Safarik Univ, Ctr Low Temp Phys, IEP SAS & FS, Watsonova 47, Kosice, Slovakia. EM pribulov@saske.sk RI Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 404 IS 1-4 BP 195 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2003.10.031 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 817XZ UT WOS:000221211500036 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C Hastings, MB Janko, B AF Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C Hastings, MB Janko, B TI Ratchet superconducting vortex cellular automata SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Vortex Matter in Superconductors at Extreme Scales and Conditions CY SEP 20-28, 2003 CL Crete, GREECE DE ratchet effect; Josephson vortices; cellular automata ID REGULAR ARRAY; LATTICE; FILMS; VORTICES; MOSFETS; DEFECTS AB We present a ratchet effect which provides a general means of performing clocked logic operations on discrete particles, such as single flux quanta or electrons. The states are propagated through the device by the use of an applied ac drive. We numerically demonstrate that a complete logic architecture is realizable using this ratchet. We consider specific nanostructured superconducting geometries using superconducting materials under an applied magnetic field, with the positions of the individual vortices in samples acting as the logic states. These devices can be used as the building blocks for an alternative microelectronic architecture. We give an analytic formula for the switching times of the vortices for specific materials and geometries. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjrx@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 404 IS 1-4 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2003.11.040 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 817XZ UT WOS:000221211500049 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJ AF Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJ TI Ratchet effects for vortices in superconductors with periodic pinning arrays SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Vortex Matter in Superconductors at Extreme Scales and Conditions CY SEP 20-28, 2003 CL Crete, GREECE DE ratchet effect; periodic pinning arrays; vortex motion ID ANTIDOT LATTICE AB Using numerical simulations we show that novel transport phenomena can occur for vortices moving in periodic pinning arrays when two external perpendicular ac drives are applied. In particular, we find a ratchet effect where the vortices can have a net dc drift even in the absence of a dc drive. This ratchet effect can occur for ac drives which create orbits that break one or more reflection symmetries. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, T-12,MSB628, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM charlesr@cnls.lanl.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 EI 1873-2143 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 404 IS 1-4 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2003.09.094 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 817XZ UT WOS:000221211500056 ER PT J AU Alber, MS Jiang, Y Kiskowski, MA AF Alber, MS Jiang, Y Kiskowski, MA TI Lattice gas cellular automation model for rippling and aggregation in myxobacteria SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE pattern formation; cellular automata; aggregation; statistical mechanics; myxobacteria; rippling; collective behavior ID FRUITING BODY MORPHOGENESIS; MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS DEVELOPMENT; C-SIGNAL; PATTERN-FORMATION; GLIDING MOTILITY; TRAVELING WAVES; MOVEMENT; DENSITY; CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION AB A lattice gas cellular automation (LGCA) model is used to simulate rippling and aggregation in myxobacteria. An efficient way of representing cells of different cell size, shape and orientation is presented that may be easily extended to model later stages of fruiting body formation. This LGCA model is designed to investigate whether a refractory period, a minimum response time, a maximum oscillation period and non-linear dependence of reversals of cells on C-factor are necessary assumptions for rippling. It is shown that a refractory period of 2-3 min, a minimum response time of up to I min and no maximum oscillation period best reproduce rippling in the experiments of Myxococcus xanthus. Non-linear dependence of reversals on C-factor is critical at high cell density. Quantitative simulations demonstrate that the increase in wavelength of ripples when a culture is diluted with non-signaling cells can be explained entirely by the decreased density of C-signaling cells. This result further supports the hypothesis that levels of C-signaling quantitatively depend on and modulate cell density. Analysis of the interpenetrating high density waves shows the presence of a phase shift analogous to the phase shift of interpenetrating solitons. Finally, a model for swarming, aggregation and early fruiting body formation is presented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Interdisciplinary Ctr Study Biocomplex, Dept Math, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alber, MS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Interdisciplinary Ctr Study Biocomplex, Dept Math, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM malber@nd.edu; jiang@lanl.gov; mkiskows@nd.edu NR 45 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 191 IS 3-4 BP 343 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2003.11.012 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 814UI UT WOS:000220999200010 ER PT J AU Lake, B Aeppli, G Christensen, NB Lefmann, K McMorrow, DF Clausen, KN Ronnow, HM Vordewisch, P Smeibidl, P Mankorntong, M Sasagawa, T Nohara, M Takagi, H Hussey, NE AF Lake, B Aeppli, G Christensen, NB Lefmann, K McMorrow, DF Clausen, KN Ronnow, HM Vordewisch, P Smeibidl, P Mankorntong, M Sasagawa, T Nohara, M Takagi, H Hussey, NE TI Effects of magnetic field on the cuprate high-T-c superconductor La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Magnetic and Superconducting Materials CY SEP 01-04, 2003 CL Monastir, TUNISIA ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VORTEX CORES; ORDER; GAP AB This article discusses neutron scattering measurements on the cuprate, high transition temperature superconductor La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) in an applied magnetic field. LSCO is a type-II superconductor and magnetic flux can penetrate the material via the formation of vorticies. Phase coherent superconductivity characterized by zero resistance is suppressed to the lower field-dependent irreversibility temperature (T-irr(H)) and occurs when the vortices freeze into a lattice. Because superconductivity is destroyed within the vortex cores, an investigation of the vortex state provides information about the ground state that would have appeared had superconductivity not intervened. Our measurements reveal that both optimally doped LSCO (x = 0.16, T-c = 38.5 K) and underdoped LSCO (x = 0.10, T-c = 29 K) have an enhanced antiferromagnetic response in a field. Measurements of the optimally doped system for H = 7.5 T show that inelastic sub-gap spin fluctuations first disappear with the loss of finite resistivity at T-irr, but then reappear at a lower temperature with increased lifetime and correlation length compared to the normal state. In the underdoped system elastic antiferromagnetism develops below T-c in zero field, and is significantly enhanced by application of a magnetic field; phase coherent superconductivity is then established within the anti- ferromagnetic phase at T-irr. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. CEA, MDN SPSMS DRFMC, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, BENSC, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. RP Lake, B (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM bella.lake@physics.ox.ac.uk RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; NOHARA, Minoru/B-1476-2011; Christensen, Niels/A-3947-2012; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014; Lefmann, Kim/M-9228-2014; Hussey, Nigel/F-9699-2015; Ronnow, Henrik/A-4953-2009; OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Christensen, Niels/0000-0001-6443-2142; Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696; Lefmann, Kim/0000-0003-4282-756X; Ronnow, Henrik/0000-0002-8832-8865; Lake, Bella/0000-0003-0034-0964 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 241 IS 6 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1002/pssb.200304497 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 820WN UT WOS:000221420500012 ER PT J AU Berkeland, DJ Raymondson, DA Tassin, VM AF Berkeland, DJ Raymondson, DA Tassin, VM TI Tests for nonrandomness in quantum jumps SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NATURES ULTIMATE CRYPTOGRAM; RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR; RANDOMNESS; MECHANICS; FLUORESCENCE; IONS AB In a fundamental test of quantum mechanics, we have observed 228 000 quantum jumps of a single trapped and laser cooled Sr-88(+) ion. This represents a statistical increase of two orders of magnitude over previous similar analyses of quantum jumps. Compared to other searches for nonrandomness in quantum-mechanical processes, using quantum jumps simplifies the interpretation of data by eliminated multiparticle effects and providing near-unit detection efficiency of transitions. We measure the fractional reduction in the entropy of information to be <6.5x10(-4) when the value of any interval between quantum jumps is known. We also find that the number of runs of successively increasing or decreasing interval times agrees with the theoretically expected values. Furthermore, we analyze 238 000 quantum jumps from two simultaneously confined ions and find that the number of apparently coincidental transitions is as expected. Finally, we observe 8400 spontaneous decays of two simultaneously trapped ions and find that the number of apparently coincidental decays from the metastable state agrees with the expected value. We find no evidence for short- or long-term correlations in the intervals of the quantum jumps or in the decay of the quantum states, in agreement with quantum theory. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, P-21,MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djb@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 052103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.052103 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 826FC UT WOS:000221813700023 ER PT J AU Ghose, S Alsing, P Deutsch, IH Bhattacharya, T Habib, S AF Ghose, S Alsing, P Deutsch, IH Bhattacharya, T Habib, S TI Transition to classical chaos in a coupled quantum system through continuous measurement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; MODEL; APPROXIMATION; DECOHERENCE; MICROSCOPE AB Continuous observation of a quantum system yields a measurement record that faithfully reproduces the classically predicted trajectory provided that the measurement is sufficiently strong to localize the state in phase space but weak enough that quantum backaction noise is negligible. We investigate the conditions under which classical dynamics emerges, via a continuous position measurement, for a particle moving in a harmonic well with its position coupled to internal spin. As a consequence of this coupling, we find that classical dynamics emerges only when the position and spin actions are both large compared to (h) over bar. These conditions are quantified by placing bounds on the size of the covariance matrix which describes the delocalized quantum coherence over extended regions of phase space. From this result, it follows that a mixed quantum-classical regime (where one subsystem can be treated classically and the other not) does not exist for a continuously observed spin- 1/2 particle. When the conditions for classicality are satisfied (in the large-spin limit), the quantum trajectories reproduce both the classical periodic orbits as well as the classically chaotic phase space regions. As a quantitative test of this convergence, we compute the largest Lyapunov exponent directly from the measured quantum trajectories and show that it agrees with the classical value. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T 8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM sghosel@unm.edu RI Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013 OI Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 052116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69052116 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 826FC UT WOS:000221813700036 ER PT J AU Rejoub, R Bannister, ME Havener, CC Savin, DW Verzani, CJ Wang, JG Stancil, PC AF Rejoub, R Bannister, ME Havener, CC Savin, DW Verzani, CJ Wang, JG Stancil, PC TI Electron capture by Ne3+ ions from atomic hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT IONIZATION; THERMAL ENERGIES; COLLISIONS AB Using the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ion-atom merged-beam apparatus, absolute total electron-capture cross sections have been measured for collisions of Ne3+ ions with hydrogen (deuterium) atoms at energies between 0.07 and 826 eV/u. Comparison to previous measurements shows large discrepancies between 50 and 400 eV/u. Previously published molecular-orbital close-coupling (MOCC) calculations were performed over limited energy ranges, but show good agreement with the present measurements. Here MOCC calculations are presented for energies between 0.01 and 1000 eV/u for collisions with both H and D. For energies below similar to1 eV/u, an enhancement in the magnitude of both the experimental and theoretical cross sections is observed which is attributed to the ion-induced dipole attraction between the reactants. Below similar to4 eV/u, the present calculations show a significant target isotope effect. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, JR Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rejoub, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM alrejoubra@ornl.gov; bannisterme@ornl.gov; havenercc@ornl.gov; savin@astro.columbia.edu; cverzani@nist.gov; wang_jianguo@mail.iapcm.ac.cn; stancil@physast.uga.edu RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 052704 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.052704 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 826FC UT WOS:000221813700084 ER PT J AU Avila, MA Wu, YQ Condron, CL Bud'ko, SL Kramer, M Miller, GJ Canfield, PC AF Avila, MA Wu, YQ Condron, CL Bud'ko, SL Kramer, M Miller, GJ Canfield, PC TI Anomalous temperature-dependent transport in YbNi2B2C and its correlation to microstructural features SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION; RESISTIVITY; MAGNETOTRANSPORT; SUPPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB We address the nature of the ligandal disorder leading to local redistributions of Kondo temperatures, manifested as annealing-induced changes in the transport behavior of the heavy fermion system YbNi2B2C. The anomalous transport behavior was fully characterized by temperature dependent resistivity measurements in an extended range of 0.4-rich ground state doublet. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Occidental Coll, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. RP Correa, VF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174424 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174424 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200057 ER PT J AU Dalla Torre, J Gilmer, GH Rouhani, MD AF Dalla Torre, J Gilmer, GH Rouhani, MD TI Imperfect wetting of vapor-deposited thin films: Monte Carlo simulations and nucleation model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ISLAND SIZE; GROWTH AB In this paper we discuss atomistic Monte Carlo simulations of thin film microstructure evolution. We discuss physical vapor deposition, and are primarily concerned with the nucleation and coalescence of three-dimensional islands and their effect on film morphology. We discuss some fundamental issues associated with thin film formation, together with an assessment of the sensitivity of the film morphology to the deposition conditions and materials properties. In order to allow rapid assessment of the deposition conditions, we propose a simple analytical model that retains most of the essential physical parameters and properties. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Rech Met Phys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Phys Solides Lab, CNRS, UMR5477, F-31062 Toulouse, France. CNRS, LAAS, F-31077 Toulouse, France. RP Dalla Torre, J (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Rech Met Phys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM jdallatorre@cea.fr NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 19 AR 195414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.195414 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828GL UT WOS:000221961700078 ER PT J AU Demchenko, DO Liu, AY Kurmaev, EZ Finkelstein, LD Galakhov, VR Moewes, A Chiuzbaian, SG Neumann, M Kmety, CR Stevenson, KL AF Demchenko, DO Liu, AY Kurmaev, EZ Finkelstein, LD Galakhov, VR Moewes, A Chiuzbaian, SG Neumann, M Kmety, CR Stevenson, KL TI Electronic structure of the transition-metal dicyanamides M[N(CN)(2)](2) (M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULE-BASED MAGNET; WAVE BASIS-SET; SUPEREXCHANGE; CO; CU; NI AB The electronic structure of M[N(CN)(2)](2) (M=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu) molecular magnets has been investigated using x-ray emission spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as theoretical density-functional-based methods. Both theory and experiments show that the top of the valence band is dominated by M 3d bands, while a strong hybridization between C 2p and N 2p states determines the valence-band electronic structure away from the top. The 2p contributions from nonequivalent nitrogen sites have been identified using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy with the excitation energy tuned near the N 1s threshold. The binding energy of the M 3d bands and the hybridization between N 2p and M 3d states both increase when going across the row from M=Mn to M=Cu. Localization of the Cu 3d states also leads to weak screening of Cu 2p and 3s states, which accounts for shifts in the core 2p and 3s spectra of the transition-metal atoms. Calculations indicate that the ground-state magnetic ordering, which varies across the series, is largely dependent on the occupation of the metal 3d shell and that structural differences in the superexchange pathways for different compounds play a secondary role. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. RP Demchenko, DO (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RI Kurmaev, Ernst/J-4254-2013; Nechkina, Larisa/J-5974-2013; Galakhov, Vadim/J-6030-2013; Liu, Amy/E-2266-2015 OI Kurmaev, Ernst/0000-0003-4625-4930; Nechkina, Larisa/0000-0002-6268-7958; Galakhov, Vadim/0000-0002-1642-7362; Liu, Amy/0000-0002-2011-1854 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 20 AR 205105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.205105 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BD UT WOS:000222095700024 ER PT J AU Gnezdilov, VP Pashkevich, YG Tranquada, JM Lemmens, P Guntherodt, G Yeremenko, AV Barilo, SN Shiryaev, SV Kurnevich, LA Gehring, PM AF Gnezdilov, VP Pashkevich, YG Tranquada, JM Lemmens, P Guntherodt, G Yeremenko, AV Barilo, SN Shiryaev, SV Kurnevich, LA Gehring, PM TI Interplay of structural and electronic phase separation in single-crystalline La2CuO4.05 studied by neutron and Raman scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICALLY OXIDIZED LA2CUO4+DELTA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C; GAP ANISOTROPY; OXYGENATED LA2CUO4+DELTA; INSULATOR TRANSITION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ENERGY-GAP AB We report a neutron- and Raman-scattering study of a single crystal of La2CuO4.05 prepared by high-temperature electrochemical oxidation. Elastic neutron-scattering measurements show the presence of two phases, corresponding to the two edges of the first miscibility gap, all the way up to 300 K. An additional oxygen redistribution, driven by electronic energies, is identified at 250 K in Raman scattering (RS) experiments by the simultaneous onset of two-phonon and two-magnon scattering, which are fingerprints of the insulating phase. Elastic neutron-scattering measurements show directly an antiferromagnetic ordering below a Neel temperature of T-N=210 K. The opening of the superconducting gap manifests itself as a redistribution of electronic Raman scattering below the superconducting transition temperature, T-c=24 K. A pronounced temperature-dependent suppression of the intensity of the (100) magnetic Bragg peak has been detected below T-c. We ascribe this phenomenon to a change of relative volume fraction of superconducting and antiferromagnetic phases with decreasing temperature caused by a form of a superconducting proximity effect. C1 BI Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys NASU, UA-61164 Kharkov, Ukraine. AA Galkin Donetsk Phystech NASU, UA-83114 Donetsk, Ukraine. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Byelarussian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Solids & Semicond, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20742 USA. RP BI Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys NASU, UA-61164 Kharkov, Ukraine. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Lemmens, Peter /C-8398-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Lemmens, Peter /0000-0002-0894-3412 NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174508 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200074 ER PT J AU Goddard, PA Blundell, SJ Singleton, J McDonald, RD Ardavan, A Narduzzo, A Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Sasaki, T AF Goddard, PA Blundell, SJ Singleton, J McDonald, RD Ardavan, A Narduzzo, A Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Sasaki, T TI Angle-dependent magnetoresistance of the layered organic superconductor kappa-(ET)(2)Cu(NCS)(2): Simulation and experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ONE-DIMENSIONAL METALS; FERMI-SURFACE; BEDT-TTF; MAGIC ANGLES; OSCILLATIONS; CONDUCTORS; BREAKDOWN; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)2CU(NCS)2; PRESSURE AB The angle dependences of the magnetoresistance of two different isotopic substitutions (deuterated and undeuterated) of the layered organic superconductor kappa-(ET)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) are presented (where ET is the organic molecule bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene). The angle-dependent magnetoresistance oscillations (AMRO) arising from the quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surfaces in this material are easily confused. By using the Boltzmann transport equation extensive simulations of the AMRO are made that reveal the subtle differences between the different species of oscillation. No significant differences are observed in the electronic parameters derived from quantum oscillations and AMRO for the two isotopic substitutions. The interlayer transfer integrals are determined for both isotopic substitutions and a slight difference is observed which may account for the negative isotope effect previously reported. The success of the semiclassical simulations suggests that non-Fermi liquid effects are not required to explain the interlayer transport in this system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. RP Goddard, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, TA-35,MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM pgoddard@lanl.gov RI Sasaki, Takahiko/F-1231-2010; Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012; McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; Goddard, Paul/A-8638-2015 OI Sasaki, Takahiko/0000-0002-0767-5428; McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Goddard, Paul/0000-0002-0666-5236 NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174509 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200075 ER PT J AU Grimsditch, M Leaf, GK Kaper, HG Karpeev, DA Camley, RE AF Grimsditch, M Leaf, GK Kaper, HG Karpeev, DA Camley, RE TI Normal modes of spin excitations in magnetic nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSTATIC MODES; LITHOGRAPHY; FERROMAGNET; ARRAYS; WAVES AB This paper describes a technique to compute magnetic normal modes of nanosized particles. The technique is based on the Landau-Lifshitz formalism of micromagnetics and accounts fully for both the exchange and the dipolar field. It requires no more than the specification of the material parameters and the geometry of the sample; in particular, it does not require the specification of boundary conditions. It also allows the large-amplitude nonlinear regime to be probed. The technique is applied to a model of a polycrystalline iron particle, which is shown to possess a rich variety of normal modes. Some of these modes are reminiscent of standing waves, while others are more or less localized in parts of the sample. The variation of the mode frequencies with the applied field is analyzed and compared with existing approximations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys & Energy Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Grimsditch, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM grimsditch@anl.gov; leaf@mcs.anl.gov; kaper@mcs.anl.gov; karpeev@mcs.anl.gov; rcamley@uccs.edu NR 28 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174428 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174428 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200061 ER PT J AU Heck, S Branz, HM AF Heck, S Branz, HM TI Pulsed-illumination study of metastable defect creation time scales in hydrogenated amorphous silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STAEBLER; SI; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; DEGRADATION AB By degrading a-Si:H samples with pulsed illumination, we establish an upper bound to the rise and decay times of possible light-induced slow precursors to photodegradation of photoconductivity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Our 200-mW/cm(2)-exposure pulses have a far lower peak intensity than previous pulsed studies and degradation results can therefore be compared directly with continuous illumination of the same intensity. We study pulse times from 40 mus to 30 ms separated by dark times from 360 mus to 300 ms. The observed degradation dependence on pulse and dark times can be traced to room-temperature annealing during the dark time between pulses and is not attributable to slow precursors. The experiments show that any degradation precursor rise time that is slower than the electron-hole recombination time must still be shorter than 40 mus and that any precursor fall time must be shorter than 360 mus. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Heck, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 19 AR 193204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.193204 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828GL UT WOS:000221961700009 ER PT J AU Jaffe, JE Dupuis, M Gutowski, M AF Jaffe, JE Dupuis, M Gutowski, M TI First-principles study of noncommutative band offsets at alpha-Cr2O3/alpha-Fe2O3(0001) interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INITIO TOTAL-ENERGY; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-GAS; 0001 SURFACE; TRANSITION; METALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB Using first-principles density functional theory, we have modeled the atomic, electronic and magnetic structure of epitaxial interfaces between alpha-hematite and alpha-chromia (corundum structure) in the hexagonal (0001) basal plane. Our model was a superlattice with a period of about 27.5 Angstrom, corresponding to the shortest-period superlattice considered in a recent series of experiments [Chambers , Phys. Rev. B 61, 13223 (2000)]. Two different epitaxial interface structures were studied: (i) an oxygen plane separating an Fe double layer from a Cr double layer or (ii) a metal double layer split between Fe and Cr. We found that these two structures are close in total energy but have distinct spin structure and different valence band offsets [chromia above hematite by 0.4 and 0.6 eV for (i) and (ii), respectively], possibly explaining the experimental noncommutative band offset seen in this system (0.3+/-0.1 eV for hematite grown atop chromia, and 0.7+/-0.1 eV for the reverse). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM maciej.gutowski@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 20 AR 205106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.205106 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BD UT WOS:000222095700025 ER PT J AU Jorge, GA Jaime, M Civale, L Batista, CD Zink, BL Hellman, F Khaykovich, B Kastner, MA Lee, YS Birgeneau, RJ AF Jorge, GA Jaime, M Civale, L Batista, CD Zink, BL Hellman, F Khaykovich, B Kastner, MA Lee, YS Birgeneau, RJ TI Thermodynamic properties of excess-oxygen-doped La2CuO4.11 near a simultaneous transition to superconductivity and long-range magnetic order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEAT-CAPACITY MEASUREMENTS; STATIC ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CORRELATIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; THIN-FILM MICROCALORIMETER; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PENETRATION DEPTH; SCALING BEHAVIOR; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FIELD AB We have measured the specific heat and magnetization versus temperature in a single crystal sample of superconducting La2CuO4.11 and in a sample of the same material after removing the excess oxygen, in magnetic fields up to 15 T. Using the deoxygenated sample to subtract the phonon contribution, we find a broad peak in the specific heat, centered at 50 K. This excess specific heat is attributed to fluctuations of the Cu spins possibly enhanced by an interplay with the charge degrees of freedom, and appears to be independent of magnetic field, up to 15 T. Near the superconducting transition T-c(H=0)=43 K, we find a sharp feature that is strongly suppressed when the magnetic field is applied parallel to the crystallographic c axis. A model for three-dimensional vortex fluctuations is used to scale magnetization measured at several magnetic fields. When the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the c axis, the only observed effect is a slight shift in the superconducting transition temperature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gjorge@df.uba.ar RI Khaykovich, Boris/A-7376-2012; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Khaykovich, Boris/0000-0002-9490-2771; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174506 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200072 ER PT J AU Khoo, KH Mazzoni, MSC Louie, SG AF Khoo, KH Mazzoni, MSC Louie, SG TI Tuning the electronic properties of boron nitride nanotubes with transverse electric fields: A giant dc Stark effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Ab initio calculations show that the band gap of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes can be greatly reduced by a transverse electric field. This gap reduction arises from a mixing of states within the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital complexes and leads to a spatial separation of electrons and holes across the tube diameter. The gap modulation increases with tube diameter and is nearly independent of chirality. For BN nanotubes of diameters of 5 nm or more, a sizable gap reduction should be achievable with laboratory fields. This effect provides a possible way to tune the band gap of BN tubes for various applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Khoo, Khoong Hong/G-3983-2012 OI Khoo, Khoong Hong/0000-0002-4628-1202 NR 14 TC 150 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 20 AR 201401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.201401 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BD UT WOS:000222095700015 ER PT J AU Lancon, F Radetic, T Dahmen, U AF Lancon, F Radetic, T Dahmen, U TI Stability of the chevron domain at triple-line reconstructions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The line of emergence of a grain boundary at the surface of a face centered cubic crystal may decompose into a nanoscale triangular prism with a chevronlike structure. This behavior has been found in gold, and we address here the generality of this phenomenon. The stability of the chevron structure is studied and discussed for the case of a special tilt grain boundary in copper, nickel, and aluminum. Atomistic simulations predict a chevron decomposition for Cu and Ni, but not for Al. The stability of Al against line decomposition was confirmed by atomic resolution electron microscopy. The distinct behavior of these crystals is related to their stacking fault energies. C1 CEA Grenoble, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP CEA Grenoble, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, SP2M-L Sim, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. EM FLancon@cea.fr RI Lancon, Frederic/B-2577-2009 OI Lancon, Frederic/0000-0002-6367-4462 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 172102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.172102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200002 ER PT J AU Landry, JW Coppersmith, SN AF Landry, JW Coppersmith, SN TI Quantum properties of a strongly interacting frustrated disordered magnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ISING SPIN-GLASS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; ZERO-TEMPERATURE; NETWORKS; SYSTEMS; FIELD AB We compute the low-energy quantum states and low-frequency dynamical susceptibility of a quantum generalization of the two-dimensional Edwards-Anderson spin glass, obtaining exact numerical results for system sizes much larger than previously accessible. The ground state is a complex superposition of a substantial fraction of all the classical ground states, often having large connected regions of spins all exhibiting strong quantum fluctuations, and yet the dynamical susceptibility exhibits sharp resonances reminiscent of the behavior of single spins. The dependence of the energy spectra on system size differs qualitatively from that of the energy spectra of random undirected bipartite graphs with similar statistics, implying that strong interactions are giving rise to these unusual spectral properties. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Landry, JW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwlandr@sandia.gov; snc@physics.wisc.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 18 AR 184416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.184416 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BB UT WOS:000222095500046 ER PT J AU LeSar, R Rickman, JM AF LeSar, R Rickman, JM TI Incorporation of local structure in continuous dislocation theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB Continuous dislocation theory has not had great practical applicability, owing largely to the dislocation density tensor being an average quantity that includes very limited information about dislocation structures and energetics at length scales smaller than the averaging volume. Here we present a straightforward way to include the effects of underlying structure based on moments of the dislocation distribution and show that the addition of a small number of order parameters enables one to accurately characterize the energetics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP LeSar, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lesar@lanl.gov RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 172105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.172105 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200005 ER PT J AU Lin, LL Li, ZY AF Lin, LL Li, ZY TI Sensitivity to termination morphology of light coupling in photonic-crystal waveguides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; BENDS; CONVERSION; TAPERS AB We use a transfer-matrix method to investigate light coupling problem in single-end photonic-crystal (PC) waveguides. We find that the coupling efficiency is sensitive to the surface termination morphology of the waveguide. A slightly tapering geometry can lead to an order of magnitude difference in the coupling efficiency of an external extended wave into the waveguide. However, this tapering geometry does not necessarily lead to enhanced coupling of a guided wave out of the PC waveguide. We have attributed this strong asymmetric coupling characteristic to the significant difference in the scattering behavior of an extended wave and a localized wave by the complex surface microstructure of a PC waveguide. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Lin, LL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lizy@aphy.iphy.ac.cn NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 19 AR 193103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.193103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828GL UT WOS:000221961700003 ER PT J AU Moore, KT Chung, BW Morton, SA Schwartz, AJ Tobin, JG Lazar, S Tichelaar, FD Zandbergen, HW Soderlind, P van der Laan, G AF Moore, KT Chung, BW Morton, SA Schwartz, AJ Tobin, JG Lazar, S Tichelaar, FD Zandbergen, HW Soderlind, P van der Laan, G TI Changes in the electronic structure of cerium due to variations in close packing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ALPHA PHASE-TRANSITION; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; CE; PHOTOABSORPTION; TRANSFORMATIONS; SURFACE AB Here we use electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a monochromated transmission electron microscope with 100 meV energy resolution and 2 A spatial resolution to show that the electronic structure of face centered cubic gamma and double hexagonal close-packed beta cerium are considerably different, contrary to previous assumptions in literature. These results are supported by synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray absorption, multielectronic atomic spectral simulations, and local density approximation calculations, illustrating that changes in {111} stacking sequences can drive substantial electronic changes in close-packed phases of cerium that have a similar atomic volume. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Natl Ctr High Resolut Electron Microscopy, NL-2628 AL Delft, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Daresbury Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Source, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moore78@llnl.gov RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012; Tobin, James/O-6953-2015; van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 19 AR 193104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.193104 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828GL UT WOS:000221961700004 ER PT J AU Nagata, T Urata, M Kawano-Furukawa, H Yoshizawa, H Kadowaki, H Dai, PC AF Nagata, T Urata, M Kawano-Furukawa, H Yoshizawa, H Kadowaki, H Dai, PC TI Anisotropy in the incommensurate spin fluctuations of Sr2RuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRIPLET SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LAYERED PEROVSKITE; KNIGHT-SHIFT AB It has been proposed that Sr2RuO4 exhibits spin-triplet superconductivity mediated by ferromagnetic fluctuations. So far neutron-scattering experiments have failed to detect any clear evidence of ferromagnetic spin fluctuations but, instead, this type of experiments has been successful in confirming the existence of incommensurate spin fluctuations near q=(1/3 1/3 0). For this reason there have been many efforts to associate the contributions of such incommensurate fluctuations to the mechanism of its superconductivity. Our unpolarized inelastic neutron-scattering measurements revealed that these incommensurate spin fluctuations possess c-axis anisotropy with an anisotropic factor chi(c)"/chi(a,b)" of similar to2.8. This result is consistent with theoretical ideas that the incommensurate spin fluctuations with a c-axis anisotropy may be the origin of p-wave superconductivity of this material. C1 Ochanomizu Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. Ochanomizu Univ, Grad Sch Humanities & Sci, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Corp, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. Univ Tokyo, ISSP, Neutron Sci Lab, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nagata, T (reprint author), Ochanomizu Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/M-7695-2016; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/M-7646-2016 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/0000-0003-4713-3727; Kawano-Furukawa, Hazuki/0000-0003-4713-3727 NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174501 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200067 ER PT J AU Pepin, C Rech, J Ramazashvili, R AF Pepin, C Rech, J Ramazashvili, R TI Scaling approach to itinerant quantum critical points SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RENORMALIZATION-GROUP APPROACH; FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; METALS; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB Based on phase space arguments, we develop a simple approach to metallic quantum critical points, designed to study the problem without integrating the fermions out of the partition function. The method is applied to the spin-fermion model of a T=0 ferromagnetic transition. Stability criteria for the conduction and the spin fluids are derived by scaling at the tree level. We conclude that anomalous exponents may be generated for the fermion self-energy and the spin-spin correlation functions below d=3, in spite of the spin fluid being above its upper critical dimension. C1 CEA Saclay, Orme Merisiers, SPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Mat Theory, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP CEA Saclay, Orme Merisiers, SPhT, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Ramazashvili, Revaz/J-5090-2013 OI Ramazashvili, Revaz/0000-0001-5133-8253 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 172401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.172401 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200008 ER PT J AU Spataru, CD Benedict, LX Louie, SG AF Spataru, CD Benedict, LX Louie, SG TI Ab initio calculation of band-gap renormalization in highly excited GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LASER-PULSES; SEMICONDUCTORS; ELECTRON AB We present ab initio quasiparticle self-energy calculations in crystalline GaAs for cases of intense electronic excitation (similar to10% of valence electrons excited into conduction band), relevant for high-intensity ultrashort pulsed laser experiments. Calculations are performed using an out-of-equilibrium generalization of the GW approximation based on the Keldysh Green's function approach. Our results indicate that while the quasiparticle band gap is a sensitive function of the amount of excitation, it is not possible to induce complete band-gap closure in this system by purely electronic means. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, H Div, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 20 AR 205204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.205204 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BD UT WOS:000222095700035 ER PT J AU Sun, DY Asta, M Hoyt, JJ AF Sun, DY Asta, M Hoyt, JJ TI Crystal-melt interfacial free energies and mobilities in fcc and bcc Fe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES SYSTEM; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE SELECTION; DENDRITIC SOLIDIFICATION; UNDERCOOLED MELTS; STRUCTURAL MODEL; CRYSTALLIZATION; SIMULATIONS; GROWTH AB Molecular-dynamics simulations have been used to compute thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the solid-liquid interface for both the fcc and bcc phases of Fe. Pure Fe was modeled using two different interatomic potentials of the embedded atom type as well as an effective pair potential. Free solidification simulations were used to determine the kinetic coefficient mu for the different models of pure Fe. The anisotropy of mu with respect to growth direction in the bcc phase is similar to that observed in fcc systems, namely mu(100)>mu(110)similar tomu(111), and the kinetic coefficient of bcc is larger than mu for the fcc phase. The kinetic coefficient results are discussed in terms of a kinetic density-functional-theory-based model of crystal growth. In addition, results for solid-liquid interfacial free energies gamma computed via the capillary fluctuation method, are summarized. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Solid State Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. RP Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Sun, Deyan/D-5088-2012 OI Sun, Deyan/0000-0002-9728-8017 NR 70 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 7 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174103 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200020 ER PT J AU Tranquada, JM Lee, CH Yamada, K Lee, YS Regnault, LP Ronnow, HM AF Tranquada, JM Lee, CH Yamada, K Lee, YS Regnault, LP Ronnow, HM TI Evidence for an incommensurate magnetic resonance in La2-xSrxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; T-C; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPIN DYNAMICS; GAP; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; YBA2CU3O6.6; COHERENCE; STATE AB We study the effect of a magnetic field (applied along the c axis) on the low-energy, incommensurate magnetic fluctuations in superconducting La1.82Sr0.18CuO4. The incommensurate peaks at 9 meV, which in zero field were previously shown to sharpen in q on cooling below T-c [T. E. Mason , Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1604 (1996)], are found to broaden in q when a field of 10 T is applied. The applied field also causes scattered intensity to shift into the spin gap. We point out that the response at 9 meV, though occurring at incommensurate wave vectors, is comparable to the commensurate magnetic resonance observed at higher energies in other cuprate superconductors. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CEA Grenoble, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. RP Tranquada, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Ronnow, Henrik/A-4953-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Ronnow, Henrik/0000-0002-8832-8865 NR 82 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174507 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200073 ER PT J AU Venturini, EL Samara, GA Itoh, M Wang, R AF Venturini, EL Samara, GA Itoh, M Wang, R TI Pressure as a probe of the physics of O-18-substituted SrTiO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HYPER-RAMAN SCATTERING; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE EXCHANGE; LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; DOMAIN-WALL RESPONSE; SOFT PHONON MODES; PHASE-TRANSITION; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; OPTICAL-PHONON; FERROELECTRICITY; (SRTIO3)-O-18 AB Studies of the dielectric properties and phase behavior of an O-18-substituted SrTiO3 (>97% O-18), or STO-18, crystal at 1 bar and as functions of hydrostatic pressure and applied dc biasing electric field have shed much light on the mechanism of the O-18-induced ferroelectric transition in this material. Dielectric measurements reveal an equilibrium phase transition (T(c)similar or equal to24 K at 1 bar) and an enhancement of the static dielectric constant epsilon(') over that of normal (i.e., O-16) SrTiO3, or STO-16, over a large temperature range above T-c. This enhancement is quantitatively shown to be attributed to additional softening of the ferroelectric soft-mode frequency (omega(s)) of STO-16, in agreement with lattice dynamic calculations. Thus, in STO-18, two effects due to the heavier mass of O-18 conspire to induce the transition: (i) this additional softening of omega(s) and (ii) damping of quantum fluctuations. Pressure lowers T-c at the large initial rate of 20 K/kbar and completely suppresses the ferroelectric state leading to a quantum paraelectric state at greater than or equal to0.7 kbar, confirming earlier results. Very large effects of a biasing dc electric fields on the peak temperature and epsilon(') are also observed in the quantum regime reflecting the small characteristic energies of the system. The results also reveal a dielectric relaxation process near 10 K with interesting properties. The implications of all the results on our understanding of the physics of STO-18 are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI ITOH, Mitsuru/E-3481-2014 OI ITOH, Mitsuru/0000-0001-6457-9152 NR 44 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 18 AR 184105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.184105 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BB UT WOS:000222095500026 ER PT J AU Wang, ZQ Ghoniem, N LeSar, R AF Wang, ZQ Ghoniem, N LeSar, R TI Multipole representation of the elastic field of dislocation ensembles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; DYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHM AB A multipole expansion method is developed to determine the elastic field of dislocation loop ensembles of arbitrary geometric complexity. The method results in reduction of the severe computational requirements in large-scale dislocation dynamics (DD) computer simulations without an artificial cutoff on the interaction range. Order of N, O(N), algorithms for DD simulations is immediately accessible on the basis of the developed procedure. Examples of dislocation interaction with large dislocation arrays representing a tilt boundary and a dislocation wall show that the method results in speeding up the calculation of Peach-Kohler interaction forces by a factor of 100, with an error of less than 0.4%. The multipole expansion reveals a physical connection to Kroner's continuum theory of dislocations, with the zeroth order moment being Nye's dislocation density tensor. Higher-order tensors in the expansion correspond to moments of a basic tensor comprised of the tangent and Burgers vectors, and can be used to characterize the spatial distribution of dislocation loop ensembles. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008; LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 174102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.174102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200019 ER PT J AU Wilcoxon, JP Venturini, EL Provencio, P AF Wilcoxon, JP Venturini, EL Provencio, P TI Magnetic response of dilute cobalt nanoparticles in an organic matrix: The effects of aging and interface chemistry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; CLUSTERS; GROWTH; SIZE; CO; FE; NI AB We report studies of the magnetic response of dilute frozen solutions of nanocrystalline Co particles grown in inverse micelles. Crystalline nanoclusters which initially exhibit only a small fraction of the bulk saturation moment restructure in solution without any change in cluster size or blocking temperature over a period of similar to30-60 days, finally yielding a moment/atom which exceeds that of bulk Co. The saturation magnetism maintains its enhanced value for temperatures up to the melting point of the solvent matrix, but is strongly dependent on surface active additives and molecular oxygen. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilcoxon, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 17 AR 172402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.172402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 827NP UT WOS:000221907200009 ER PT J AU Zhang, QM Wells, JC Gong, XG Zhang, ZY AF Zhang, QM Wells, JC Gong, XG Zhang, ZY TI Adsorption of a carbon atom on the Ni-38 magic cluster and three low-index nickel surfaces: A comparative first-principles study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; EQUILIBRIUM SEGREGATION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LARGE-SCALE; NANOTUBES; NI(111); BINDING; TRANSITION; CO AB Significant current interest exists in the catalytic growth of carbon (C) nanotubes on clusters of transition metal catalysts. Here we focus on the elemental energetics for the atomistic rate processes involved in the initial stages of the growth by studying a C atom on a nickel (Ni) magic cluster (Ni-38), which preserves fcc geometry, and three low-index extended Ni surfaces. Our methods are based on density-functional theory. The binding energies of a C atom on the extended Ni surfaces and the corresponding facets on the Ni cluster have been obtained and compared. In spite of the large difference in the curvature, the preference order of the adsorption sites for both the cluster and the extended surfaces is unchanged, which shows that among the stable (100), (111) hcp, and (111) fcc sites the (100) has the lowest energy. The diffusion barriers for a C atom on the three low-index surfaces, namely (100), (110), and (111), have also been obtained, with the highest mobility on the Ni(111) surface. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Acad Sinica, Inst Solid State Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Univ Texas, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RI gong, xingao /B-1337-2010; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016; gong, xingao/D-6532-2011 OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030; NR 58 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 20 AR 205413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.205413 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BD UT WOS:000222095700076 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Wang, CM AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Wang, CM TI Electronic stopping powers in silicon carbide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS MEASUREMENTS; OF-FLIGHT SPECTROMETRY; HEAVY-IONS; DETECTOR RESPONSE; SWIFT IONS; DEVICES; CARBON; AL AB The stopping powers in silicon carbide (SiC) of different ions, ranging from Be to Au, have been determined using a time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis setup. In transmission geometry, the energy loss of ions in a self-supporting SiC film has been measured over a continuous range of recoil energies using time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry. By essentially calibrating the Si detector for each channel using the TOF spectrometer, the error resulting from nominal energy calibration is eliminated, and an uncertainty of less than 4% is achieved in the stopping measurements. The predictions of binary stopping theory provide good agreement with the results for light ions up to Si but underestimate the stopping values for heavier ions. Stopping powers predicted by the SRIM (stopping and range of ions in matter) code are in reasonable agreement with much of the experimental data, and the SRIM 2003 predictions are in somewhat better agreement than those of SRIM 2000 for most ions. However, for Ni, I, and Au ions, the predicted values from SRIM 2003 are up to 40% less than the measured values. The stopping data from this study, as well as previous work, suggest that both the modified Bohr and Bloch formulas are applicable for heavy ions in SiC within the classical interaction regime, and the Bloch formula is more appropriate to use at higher energies. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.Zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 20 AR 205201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.205201 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830BD UT WOS:000222095700032 ER PT J AU Zheng, P Wang, NL Luo, JL Jin, R Mandrus, D AF Zheng, P Wang, NL Luo, JL Jin, R Mandrus, D TI Optical properties of the pyrochlore oxide Pb2Ru2O6.5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; BI; TL AB We present optical conductivity spectra for Pb2Ru2O6.5 single crystal at different temperatures. Among reported pyrochlore ruthenates, this compound exhibits metallic behavior in a wide temperature range and has the least resistivity. At low frequencies, the optical spectra show typical Drude responses, but with a knee feature around 1000 cm(-1). Above 20 000 cm(-1), a broad absorption feature is observed. Our analysis suggests that the low frequency responses can be understood from two Drude components arising from the partially filled Ru t(2g) bands with different plasma frequencies and scattering rates. The high frequency broad absorption may be contributed by two interband transitions: from occupied Ru t(2g) states to empty e(g) bands and from the fully filled O 2p bands to unoccupied Ru t(2g) states. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zheng, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 19 AR 193102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.193102 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 828GL UT WOS:000221961700002 ER PT J AU Back, BB Betts, RR Chang, J Chang, WC Chi, CY Chu, YY Cumming, JB Dunlop, JC Eldredge, W Fung, WY Ganz, R Garcia, E Gillitzer, A Heintzelman, G Henning, WF Hofman, DJ Holzman, B Kang, JH Kim, EJ Kim, SY Kwon, Y McLeod, D Mignerey, AC Moulson, M Nanal, V Ogilvie, CA Pak, R Ruangma, A Russ, DE Seto, RK Stanskas, PJ Stephans, GSF Wang, HQ Wolfs, FLH Wuosmaa, AH Xiang, H Xu, GH Yao, HB Zou, CM AF Back, BB Betts, RR Chang, J Chang, WC Chi, CY Chu, YY Cumming, JB Dunlop, JC Eldredge, W Fung, WY Ganz, R Garcia, E Gillitzer, A Heintzelman, G Henning, WF Hofman, DJ Holzman, B Kang, JH Kim, EJ Kim, SY Kwon, Y McLeod, D Mignerey, AC Moulson, M Nanal, V Ogilvie, CA Pak, R Ruangma, A Russ, DE Seto, RK Stanskas, PJ Stephans, GSF Wang, HQ Wolfs, FLH Wuosmaa, AH Xiang, H Xu, GH Yao, HB Zou, CM CA E917 Collaboration TI Production of phi mesons in Au+Au collisions at 11.7A GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; PB-PB COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; PLUS AU REACTIONS; 11.6A GEV/C; EXCITATION-FUNCTION; HADRON-PRODUCTION AB We report on a measurement of phi-meson production in Au+Au collisions at a beam momentum of 11.7A GeV/c by experiment 917 at the alternating gradient synchroton. The measurement covers the midrapidity region 1.2 < y < 1.6. Transverse-mass spectra and rapidity distributions are presented as functions of centrality characterized by the number of participant projectile nucleons. The yield of phi's per participant projectile nucleon increases strongly in central collisions in a manner similar to that observed for kaons. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Cumming, James/I-3358-2013 OI Cumming, James/0000-0001-6930-0958 NR 74 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054901 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600047 ER PT J AU Bratkovskaya, EL Bleicher, M Reiter, M Soff, S Stocker, H van Leeuwen, M Bass, SA Cassing, W AF Bratkovskaya, EL Bleicher, M Reiter, M Soff, S Stocker, H van Leeuwen, M Bass, SA Cassing, W TI Strangeness dynamics and transverse pressure in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; SPS ENERGIES; EXCITATION-FUNCTION; CERN-SPS; STRING PERCOLATION; TRANSPORT APPROACH; LAMBDA PRODUCTION; HADRONIC MATTER; MODEL AB We investigate hadron production as well as transverse hadron spectra from proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2A GeV to 213A TeV within two independent transport approaches, i.e., hadron-string dynamics (HSD) and ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) that are based on quark, diquark, string, and hadronic degrees of freedom. The comparison to experimental data on transverse mass spectra from pp, pA, and C + C (or Si + Si) reactions shows the reliability of the transport models for light systems. For central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions at bombarding energies above similar to5A GeV, furthermore, the measured K+/- transverse mass spectra have a larger inverse slope parameter than expected from the default calculations. We investigate various scenarios to explore their potential effects on the K+/- spectra. In particular the initial state Cronin effect is found to play a substantial role at top Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies. However, the maximum in the K+/-/pi(+) ratio at 20-30 A GeV is missed by 40% and the approximately constant slope of the K+/- spectra at SPS energies is not reproduced either. Our systematic analysis suggests that the additional pressure-as expected from lattice QCD calculations at finite quark chemical potential mu(q) and temperature T-should be generated by strong interactions in the early prehadronic/partonic phase of central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Bratkovskaya, EL (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010; Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013; OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664; van Leeuwen, Marco/0000-0002-5222-4888; Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 96 TC 139 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054907 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600053 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M AF Dean, DJ Hjorth-Jensen, M TI Coupled-cluster approach to nuclear physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; SHELL-MODEL; FORCES; MOLECULES; SYSTEMS; SPACE; FIELD; O-16 AB Using many-body perturbation theory and coupled-cluster theory, we calculate the ground-state energy of He-4 and O-16. We perform these calculations using a no-core G-matrix interaction derived from a realistic nucleon-nucleon potential. Our calculations employ up to two-particle two-hole coupled-cluster amplitudes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Univ Oslo, Ctr Math Applicat, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 37 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054320 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600030 ER PT J AU Dracoulis, GD Lane, GJ Byrne, AP Kibedi, T Baxter, AM Macchiavelli, AO Fallon, P Clark, RM AF Dracoulis, GD Lane, GJ Byrne, AP Kibedi, T Baxter, AM Macchiavelli, AO Fallon, P Clark, RM TI Spectroscopy Pb-188(82)106: Evidence for shape coexistence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT PB; ELECTRIC MONOPOLE TRANSITIONS; MULTI-QUASI-PARTICLE; 100 MASS REGION; ALPHA-DECAY; INTRUDER STATES; FINE-STRUCTURE; LEAD ISOTOPES; NUCLEI; PB-186 AB In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of Pb-188 has been carried out using Gammasphere. Time-correlated gamma-gamma coincidence methods have allowed the identification of new structures above and below the two-particle isomeric states. The detailed decay of the proposed K-pi=8(-), 1 mus isomer has been established, together with a rotational band based on the isomer. Both decay and band properties confirm the association with a prolate deformation and the two-quasi neutron 9/2(+)[624]x7/2(-)[514] configuration. The band structure identified above the 11(-) isomer from the two-proton configuration 9/2(-)[505]x 13/2(+)[606] has a moment of inertia similar to those of the bands known in heavier isotopes and to the one-quasiproton components, but the perturbations and in-band properties are not as expected for a simple, symmetric oblate deformation. This structure is fed by a (19(-)) isomer. Possible configurations for this and other multiquasiparticle states are discussed in the context of multi-quasiparticle calculations for coexisting deformations. Low-spin structures populated partly from the decay of the 8(-) isomer have also been identified. Several of these may be associated with proposed excited 01 states. Their properties, including yrare-yrast E0 decays and gamma-ray branching ratios, are analyzed using band-mixing models. These and other analyses support a shape coexistence scenario, with some qualifications. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Dracoulis, GD (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Dracoulis, George/A-8123-2008; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Kibedi, Tibor/E-8282-2010; OI Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Kibedi, Tibor/0000-0002-9205-7500; Byrne, Aidan/0000-0002-7096-6455 NR 56 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054318 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600028 ER PT J AU Duguet, T AF Duguet, T TI Bare vs effective pairing forces: A microscopic finite-range interaction for Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations in coordinate space SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-CHARGE RADII; SUPERDEFORMED ROTATIONAL BANDS; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL-APPROACH; D-1 EFFECTIVE INTERACTION; SINGLE-PARTICLE ENERGIES; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; DRIP-LINE NUCLEI; MEAN-FIELD; SELF-CONSISTENT AB We propose a microscopic effective interaction to treat pairing correlations in the S-1(0) channel. It is introduced by recasting the gap equation written in terms of the bare force into a fully equivalent pairing problem. Within this approach, the proposed interaction reproduces the pairing properties provided by the realistic AV 18 force very accurately. Written in the canonical basis of the actual Bogolyubov transformation, the force takes the form of an off-shell in-medium two-body matrix in the superfluid phase multiplied by a BCS occupation number (2)rho(m) This interaction is finite-ranged, nonlocal, total-momentum dependent, and density dependent. The factor 2rho(m) emerging from the recast of the gap equation provides a natural cutoff and makes zero-range approximations of the effective vertex meaningful. Performing such an approximation, the roles of the range and of the density dependence of the interaction can be disentangled. The isoscalar and isovector density dependences derived ab initio provide the pairing force with a strong predictive power when extrapolated toward the drip lines. Although finite ranged and nonlocal, the proposed interaction makes Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations of finite nuclei in coordinate space tractable. Through the two-basis method, its computational cost is of the same order as for a zero-range force. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM duguet@theory.phy.anl.gov NR 133 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054317 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600027 ER PT J AU Hughes, RO Zamfir, NV Casten, RF Radford, DC Barton, CJ Baktash, C Caprio, MA Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ Hausladen, PA McCutchan, EA Ressler, JJ Shapira, D Stracener, DW Yu, CH AF Hughes, RO Zamfir, NV Casten, RF Radford, DC Barton, CJ Baktash, C Caprio, MA Galindo-Uribarri, A Gross, CJ Hausladen, PA McCutchan, EA Ressler, JJ Shapira, D Stracener, DW Yu, CH TI Test of calculations with single-particle density dependent pairing in Te-132 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FACILITY AB New data, obtained from beta(-) decay of Sb-132 radioactive beam at HRIBF, has led to a significantly revised gamma-decay scheme for Te-132. The changes to the level scheme include a number of new, likely 2(+), states below 2.5 MeV, which allows a test of very recent quasiparticle random phase approximation calculations with a density-dependent pairing force, and the removal of a 3(-) state at 2281 keV, which resolves an incompatibility with the shell model and leads to a simple interpretation of the low-lying negative parity states. C1 Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Yale Univ, Sloane Phys Lab, Ctr Theoret Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Hughes, RO (reprint author), Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011; Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010; radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 051303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.051303 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600003 ER PT J AU Hwang, JK Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Fong, D Beyer, CJ Gore, PM Jones, EF Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Zhu, SJ Wu, SC Lee, IY Fallon, P Stoyer, MA Asztalos, SJ Ginter, TN Cole, JD Ter-Akopian, GM Donangelo, R AF Hwang, JK Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Fong, D Beyer, CJ Gore, PM Jones, EF Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Zhu, SJ Wu, SC Lee, IY Fallon, P Stoyer, MA Asztalos, SJ Ginter, TN Cole, JD Ter-Akopian, GM Donangelo, R TI Half-lives of several states in neutron-rich nuclei from spontaneous fission of Cf-252 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS; ISOTOPES; CHARGE AB Half-lives (T-1/2) of several states which decay by delayed gamma transitions were determined from time-gated triple gamma coincidence method. We determined, for the first time, the half-life of 330.6+x state in Tc-108 and the half-life of 19/2(-) state in Te-133 based on the new level schemes. Three half-lives of Zr-99, Te-134, and Xe-137 are consistent with the previously reported ones. These results indicate that this new method is useful for measuring the half-lives. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Hwang, JK (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 057301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.057301 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600068 ER PT J AU Kappeler, F Arlandini, C Heil, M Voss, F Wisshak, K Reifarth, R Staniero, O Gallino, R Masera, S Travaglio, C AF Kappeler, F Arlandini, C Heil, M Voss, F Wisshak, K Reifarth, R Staniero, O Gallino, R Masera, S Travaglio, C TI Stellar neutron capture on Ta-180(m). II. Defining the s-process contribution to nature's rarest isotope SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; LOW-MASS; CROSS-SECTIONS; PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CARBON STARS; P-PROCESS; COULOMB-EXCITATION; HEAVY-ELEMENTS; BETA-DECAY; DEPOPULATION AB The contribution of the slow neutron capture process (s process) to the solar Ta-180(m) abundance has been investigated on the basis of new experimental information. Measured neutron capture cross sections of Ta-180(m) and the corresponding Maxwellian averaged (n, gamma) rates were important for defining the s abundance of Ta-180(m), and the result of a recent photoactivation experiment was providing an estimate of its half-life at the temperatures of the s-process site. Following the s-process network with stellar evolutionary models from the premain sequence through the asymptotic giant branch phase, it was found that the produced Ta-180(m) survives the high temperatures during He shell flashes because of the fast convective mixing, which provides an efficient means for transporting freshly synthesized matter into cooler, outer zones. Accordingly, Ta-180(m) appears to be predominantly of s-process origin. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Osservatorio Astron Collurania, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, To, Italy. RP Wisshak, K (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM franz.kaeppeler@ik.fzk.de; klaus.wisshak@ik.fzk.de NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 055802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.055802 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600061 ER PT J AU Kruppa, AT Nazarewiczt, W AF Kruppa, AT Nazarewiczt, W TI Gamow and R-matrix approach to proton emitting nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI; FINE-STRUCTURE; TRIAXIAL DEFORMATION; STABILIZATION METHOD; RESONANT STATES; DECAY; SCATTERING; RADIOACTIVITY; PARTICLES; EMISSION AB Proton emission from deformed nuclei is described within the nonadiabatic weak coupling model which takes into account the coupling to gamma vibrations around the axially symmetric shape. The coupled equations are derived within the Gamow state formalism. A new method, based on the combination of the R-matrix theory and the oscillator expansion technique, is introduced that allows for a substantial increase of the number of coupled channels. As an example, we study the deformed proton emitter Ho-141. C1 Inst Nucl Res, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Kruppa, AT (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, Bem Ter 18-C, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. EM atk@chaos.atomki.hu; witek@mail.ornl.gov NR 45 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054311 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600021 ER PT J AU Oganessian, YS Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Voinov, AA Buklanov, GV Subotic, K Zagrebaev, VI Itkis, MG Patin, JB Moody, KJ Wild, JF Stoyer, MA Stoyer, NJ Shaughnessy, DA Kenneally, JM Lougheed, RW AF Oganessian, YS Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Voinov, AA Buklanov, GV Subotic, K Zagrebaev, VI Itkis, MG Patin, JB Moody, KJ Wild, JF Stoyer, MA Stoyer, NJ Shaughnessy, DA Kenneally, JM Lougheed, RW TI Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions Pu-244(Ca-48,xn)(292-x)114 and Cm-245(Ca-48,xn)(293-x)116 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; HEAVIEST NUCLEI; ELEMENT 112; CA-48; SEPARATOR; ISOTOPES AB We have studied the excitation functions of the reactions Pu-244(Ca-48,xn). Maximum cross sections for the evaporation of 3-5 neutrons in the complete-fusion reaction Pu-244+Ca-48 were measured to be sigma(3n)=2 pb, sigma(4n) =5 pb, and sigma(5n) = 1 pb. The decay properties of 3n-evaporation product (289)114, in the decay chains observed at low Ca-48 energy coincide well with those previously observed in the Pu-244+Ca-48 and Cm-248+Ca-48 reactions and assigned to (288)114. Two isotopes of element 114 and their descendant nuclei were identified for the first time at higher bombarding energies: (288)114 (E-alpha=9.95 MeV, T-1/2=0.6 s) and (287)114 (E-alpha = 10.04 MeV, T-1/2 =1 s). We also report on the observation of new isotopes of element 116, (290,291)116, produced in the Cm-245 + Ca-48 reaction with cross sections of about 1 pb. A discussion of self-consistent interpretations of all observed decay chains originating at Z=118, 146, and 114 is presented. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Oganessian, YS (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. NR 33 TC 183 Z9 190 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054607 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054607 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600040 ER PT J AU Quentin, P Lafchiev, H Samsoen, D Mikhailov, IN AF Quentin, P Lafchiev, H Samsoen, D Mikhailov, IN TI Simple model for the quenching of the moments of inertia due to pairing correlations in rigidly deformed rotational bands SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HARTREE-FOCK APPROXIMATION; SUPERDEFORMED BAND; MASS PARAMETERS; NO-254; DEFORMATION; STATES; NUCLEI; MOTION AB Using Chandrasekhar's S-type coupling between rotational and intrinsic vortical modes one may simply reproduce the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) dynamical properties of rotating nuclei within Routhian HF calculations free of pairing correlations yet constrained on the relevant so-called Kelvin circulation operator. From the analogy between magnetic and rotating systems, one derives a model for the quenching of pairing correlations with rotation, introducing a critical angular velocity-analogous to the critical field in supraconductors-above which pairing vanishes. Taking stock of this usual model, it is then shown that the characteristic behavior of the vortical mode angular velocity as a function of the global rotation angular velocity can be modelized by a simple two parameter formula, both parameters being completely determined from properties of the band-head (zero-spin) HFB solution. From calculation in five nuclei, the validity of this modelized Routhian approach is tested. It is clearly shown to be very good in cases where the evolution of rotational properties is only governed by the coupling between the global rotation and the pairing-induced intrinsic vortical currents, otherwise it fails. It therefore provides a sound ground base for evaluating the importance of coupling of rotation with other modes (shape distortions, quasiparticle degrees of freedom). C1 CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, TDO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91406 Orsay, France. RP Quentin, P (reprint author), CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, Haut Vigneau BP 120, F-33175 Gradignan, France. EM samsoen@cenbg.in2p3.fr NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 054315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054315 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600025 ER PT J AU Sadler, ME Kulbardis, A Abaev, V Allgower, C Barker, A Bekrenev, V Bircher, C Briscoe, WJ Cadman, R Carter, C Clajus, M Comfort, JR Craig, K Daugherity, M Draper, B Grosnic, D Hayden, S Huddleston, J Isenhower, D Jerkins, M Joy, M Knecht, N Koetke, DD Kozlenko, N Kruglov, S Kycia, T Lolos, G Lopatin, I Manley, DM Manweiler, R Marusic, A McDonald, S Nefkens, BMK Olmsted, J Papandreou, Z Peaslee, D Peterson, J Phaisangittisakul, N Prakhov, SN Price, JW Ramirez, A Robinson, C Shafi, A Spinka, H Stanislaus, S Starotstin, A Staudemaier, HM Strakovsky, I Supek, I Tippens, WB Watson, S AF Sadler, ME Kulbardis, A Abaev, V Allgower, C Barker, A Bekrenev, V Bircher, C Briscoe, WJ Cadman, R Carter, C Clajus, M Comfort, JR Craig, K Daugherity, M Draper, B Grosnic, D Hayden, S Huddleston, J Isenhower, D Jerkins, M Joy, M Knecht, N Koetke, DD Kozlenko, N Kruglov, S Kycia, T Lolos, G Lopatin, I Manley, DM Manweiler, R Marusic, A McDonald, S Nefkens, BMK Olmsted, J Papandreou, Z Peaslee, D Peterson, J Phaisangittisakul, N Prakhov, SN Price, JW Ramirez, A Robinson, C Shafi, A Spinka, H Stanislaus, S Starotstin, A Staudemaier, HM Strakovsky, I Supek, I Tippens, WB Watson, S TI Differential cross section of the charge-exchange reaction pi-p -> pi(0)n in the momentum range from 148 to 323 MeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-BALL DETECTOR; NUCLEON SCATTERING; ISOSPIN BREAKING; 3,3 RESONANCE; INDEPENDENCE; PI-P->PION; SYMMETRY; REGION; SYSTEM AB Measured values of the differential cross section for pion-nucleon charge exchange, pi(-)p --> pi(0)n, are presented at pi- momenta of 148, 174, 188, 212, 238, 271, 298, and 323 MeV/c, a region dominated by the A(1232) resonance. Complete angular distributions were obtained using the Crystal Ball detector at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Statistical uncertainties of the differential cross sections are typically 2-6%, exceptions being the results at the lowest momentum and at the most forward measurements at the five lowest momenta. We estimate the systematic uncertainties to be 3-6%. C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Sadler, ME (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 055206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.055206 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600059 ER PT J AU Tang, XD Azhari, A Fu, CB Gagliardi, CA Mukhamedzhanov, AM Pirlepesov, F Trache, L Tribble, RE Burjan, V Kroha, V Carstoiu, F Irgaziev, BF AF Tang, XD Azhari, A Fu, CB Gagliardi, CA Mukhamedzhanov, AM Pirlepesov, F Trache, L Tribble, RE Burjan, V Kroha, V Carstoiu, F Irgaziev, BF TI Determination of the direct capture contribution for N-13(p,gamma)O-14 from the O-14 -> N-13+p asymptotic normalization coefficient SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CHANNELS CALCULATIONS; CROSS-SECTION; LOW ENERGIES AB N-13(p, gamma)O-14 is one of the key reactions which trigger the onset of the hot CNO cycle. This transition occurs when the proton capture rate on 13N is faster, due to increasing stellar temperature (greater than or equal to10(9) K), than the N-13 beta-decay rate. The rate of this reaction is dominated by the resonant capture through the first excited state of O-14 (E-r=0.528 MeV). However, through constructive interference, direct capture below the resonance makes a non-negligible contribution to the reaction rate. We have determined this direct contribution by measuring the asymptotic normalization coefficient for O-14 --> N-13+p. In our experiment, an 11.8 MeV/nucleon N-13 radioactive beam was used to study the N-14(N-13, O-14)C-13 peripheral transfer reaction, and the asymptotic normalization coefficient, (C-p1/2(14O))(2)=29.0+/-4.3 fm(-1), was extracted from the measured cross section. The radiative capture cross section was estimated using an R-matrix approach with the measured asymptotic normalization coefficient and the latest resonance parameters. We find the S factor for N-13(p, gamma)O-14 to be larger than previous estimates. Consequently, the transition from the cold to hot CNO cycle for novae would be controlled by the slowest proton capture reaction N-14(p, gamma)O-15. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Inst Phys & Nucl Engn H Hulubei, Bucharest, Romania. Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. RP Tang, XD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM xdtang@phy.anl.gov RI Fu, Changbo/O-1550-2015; Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016; Trache, Livius/M-6265-2016 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 055807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.055807 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600066 ER PT J AU Wisshak, K Voss, F Arlandini, C Kappeler, F Heil, M Reifarth, R Krticka, M Becvar, F AF Wisshak, K Voss, F Arlandini, C Kappeler, F Heil, M Reifarth, R Krticka, M Becvar, F TI Stellar neutron capture on Ta-180(m). I. Cross section measurement between 10 keV and 100 keV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BARIUM FLUORIDE DETECTOR; S-PROCESS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ISOTOPES AB The neutron capture cross section of Ta-180(m) has been measured at energies between 10 keV and 100 keV in a time-of-flight experiment at the Karlsruhe 3.7 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. Neutrons were produced via the Li-7(p,n)(7) Be reaction by bombarding metallic Li targets with a pulsed proton beam, and gold was used as a cross section standard. Though the world supply of enriched Ta-180(m) was available for this experiment, the sample consisted of only 150 mg Ta2O5 with a Ta-180(m) content of only 5.5%. The difficult separation of the comparably few capture events in Ta-180(m) from the much larger background due to captures in Ta-181 could be achieved by means of the Karlsruhe 4pi barium fluoride detector, taking advantage of its combination of high efficiency, good energy resolution, and high granularity. The cross section was determined with an overall uncertainty of better than 10% in the energy range from 30 keV to 100 keV and could be used for renormalizing statistical model calculations in the entire energy range of astrophysical interest, which had predicted about two times larger values. Based on these first experimental data, Maxwellian averaged neutron capture cross sections were calculated for thermal energies between kT=8 keV and 100 keV. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. RP Wisshak, K (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM klaus.wisshak@ik.fzk.de NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 055801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.055801 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600060 ER PT J AU Wong, CY AF Wong, CY TI Molecular states of heavy quark mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SHORT-DISTANCE ANALYSIS; LONG-RANGE FORCES; POTENTIAL MODEL; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXOTIC MESONS; BOUND-STATES; MULTIQUARK SYSTEMS; VANDERWAALS FORCE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; HADRONS AB We explore molecular states of two open heavy-quark mesons (Q(q) over bar) -- (q) in a quark-based model in terms of a four-body nonrelativistic Hamiltonian with pairwise effective interactions. Molecular states are found in the combinations of {D, D*, B, B*} with {(D) over bar(D) over bar,*(B) over bar(B) over bar*}, including a weakly bound D(D) over bar* state near the threshold which may be qualitatively identified as the 3872 state observed recently by the Belle Collaboration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 86 TC 154 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 055202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.055202 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600055 ER PT J AU Woods, PJ Munro, P Seweryniak, D Davids, CN Davinson, T Heinz, A Mahmud, H Sarazin, F Shergur, J Walters, WB Woehr, A AF Woods, PJ Munro, P Seweryniak, D Davids, CN Davinson, T Heinz, A Mahmud, H Sarazin, F Shergur, J Walters, WB Woehr, A TI Proton decay of the highly deformed nucleus Tb-135 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE AB The proton decay of the highly deformed nucleus Tb-135 has been observed following bombardment of a (MO)-M-92 target with a 310 MeV beam of Cr-50 ions. This is the first instance of a proton-decaying isotope being produced via the lp6n fusion-evaporation channel. Evaporation residues were separated in-flight using the Argonne fragment mass analyzer and implanted into a new design double-sided silicon strip detector. Tb-135 decays by the emission of a proton with energy E-rho = 1179(7) keV [Q(rho)= 1188(7) keV] and half-life t(1/2) = 0.94+(+0.33)(-0.22)ms. The transition is assigned to a highly deformed (beta(2) similar to 0.3) J(pi) = 7/2(-) configuration by comparing the proton decay rate with calculations for deformed nuclei. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 051302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.051302 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 834XG UT WOS:000222443600002 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abbott, R Adhikari, R Ageev, A Allen, B Amin, R Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Araya, M Armandula, H Asiri, F Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Babak, S Balasubramanian, R Ballmer, S Barish, BC Barker, D Barker-Patton, C Barnes, M Barr, B Barton, MA Bayer, K Beausoleil, R Belczynski, K Bennett, R Berukoff, SJ Betzwieser, J Bhawal, B Bilenko, IA Billingsley, G Black, E Blackburn, K Bland-Weaver, B Bochner, B Bogue, L Bork, R Bose, S Brady, PR Braginsky, VB Brau, JE Brown, DA Brozek, S Bullington, A Buonanno, A Burgess, R Busby, D Butler, WE Byer, RL Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Camp, JB Cantley, CA Cardenas, L Carter, K Casey, MM Castiglione, J Chandler, A Chapsky, J Charlton, P Chatterji, S Chen, Y Chickarmane, V Chin, D Christensen, N Churches, D Colacino, C Coldwell, R Coles, M Cook, D Corbitt, T Coyne, D Creighton, JDE Creighton, TD Crooks, DRM Csatorday, P Cusack, BJ Cutler, C D'Ambrosio, E Danzmann, K Davies, R Daw, E DeBra, D Delker, T DeSalvo, R Dhurandhar, S Diaz, M Ding, H Drever, RWP Dupuis, RJ Ebeling, C Edlund, J Ehrens, P Elliffe, EJ Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, T Fallnich, C Farnham, D Fejer, MM Fine, M Finn, LS Flanagan, E Freise, A Frey, R Fritschel, P Frolov, V Fyffe, M Ganezer, KS Giaime, JA Gillespie, A Goda, K Gonzalez, G Gossler, S Grandclement, P Grant, A Gray, C Gretarsson, AM Grimmett, D Grote, H Grunewald, S Guenther, M Gustafson, E Gustafson, R Hamilton, WO Hammond, M Hanson, J Hardham, C Harry, G Hartunian, A Heefner, J Hefetz, Y Heinzel, G Heng, IS Hennessy, M Hepler, N Heptonstall, A Heurs, M Hewitson, M Hindman, N Hoang, P Hough, J Hrynevych, M Hua, W Ingley, R Ito, M Itoh, Y Ivanov, A Jennrich, O Johnson, WW Johnston, W Jones, L Jungwirth, D Kalogera, V Katsavounidis, E Kawabe, K Kawamura, S Kells, W Kern, J Khan, A Killbourn, S Killow, CJ Kim, C King, C King, P Klimenko, S Kloevekorn, P Koranda, S Kotter, K Kovalik, J Kozak, D Krishnan, B Landry, M Langdale, J Lantz, B Lawrence, R Lazzarini, A Lei, M Leonhardt, V Leonor, I Libbrecht, K Lindquist, P Liu, S Logan, J Lormand, M Lubinski, M Luck, H Lyons, TT Machenschalk, B MacInnis, M Mageswaran, M Mailand, K Majid, W Malec, M Mann, F Marin, A Marka, S Maros, E Mason, J Mason, K Matherny, O Matone, L Mavalvala, N McCarthy, R McClelland, DE McHugh, M McNamara, P Mendell, G Meshkov, S Messenger, C Mitrofanov, VP Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Miyakawa, O Miyoki, S Mohanty, S Moreno, G Mossavi, K Mours, B Mueller, G Mukherjee, S Myers, J Nagano, S Nash, T Naundorf, H Nayak, R Newton, G Nocera, F Nutzman, P Olson, T O'Reilly, B Ottaway, DJ Ottewill, A Ouimette, D Overmier, H Owen, BJ Papa, MA Parameswariah, C Parameswariah, V Pedraza, M Penn, S Pitkin, M Plissi, M Pratt, M Quetschke, V Raab, F Radkins, H Rahkola, R Rakhmanov, M Rao, SR Redding, D Regehr, MW Regimbau, T Reilly, KT Reithmaier, K Reitze, DH Richman, S Riesen, R Riles, K Rizzi, A Robertson, DI Robertson, NA Robison, L Roddy, S Rollins, J Romano, JD Romie, J Rong, H Rose, D Rotthoff, E Rowan, S Rudiger, A Russell, P Ryan, K Salzman, I Sanders, GH Sannibale, V Sathyaprakash, B Saulson, PR Savage, R Sazonov, A Schilling, R Schlaufman, K Schmidt, V Schofield, R Schrempel, M Schutz, BF Schwinberg, P Scott, SM Searle, AC Sears, B Seel, S Sengupta, AS Shapiro, CA Shawhan, P Shoemaker, DH Shu, QZ Sibley, A Siemens, X Sievers, L Sigg, D Sintes, AM Skeldon, K Smith, JR Smith, M Smith, MR Sneddon, P Spero, R Stapfer, G Strain, KA Strom, D Stuver, A Summerscales, T Sumner, MC Sutton, PJ Sylvestre, J Takamori, A Tanner, DB Tariq, H Taylor, I Taylor, R Thorne, KS Tibbits, M Tilav, S Tinto, M Tokmakov, KV Torres, C Torrie, C Traeger, S Traylor, G Tyler, W Ugolini, D Vallisneri, M van Putten, M Vass, S Vecchio, A Vorvick, C Vyachanin, SP Wallace, L Walther, H Ward, H Ware, B Watts, K Webber, D Weidner, A Weiland, U Weinstein, A Weiss, R Welling, H Wen, L Wen, S Whelan, JT Whitcomb, SE Whiting, BF Willems, PA Williams, PR Williams, R Willke, B Wilson, A Winjum, BJ Winkler, W Wise, S Wiseman, AG Woan, G Wooley, R Worden, J Yakushin, I Yamamoto, H Yoshida, S Zawischa, I Zhang, L Zotov, N Zucker, M Zweizig, J AF Abbott, B Abbott, R Adhikari, R Ageev, A Allen, B Amin, R Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Araya, M Armandula, H Asiri, F Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Babak, S Balasubramanian, R Ballmer, S Barish, BC Barker, D Barker-Patton, C Barnes, M Barr, B Barton, MA Bayer, K Beausoleil, R Belczynski, K Bennett, R Berukoff, SJ Betzwieser, J Bhawal, B Bilenko, IA Billingsley, G Black, E Blackburn, K Bland-Weaver, B Bochner, B Bogue, L Bork, R Bose, S Brady, PR Braginsky, VB Brau, JE Brown, DA Brozek, S Bullington, A Buonanno, A Burgess, R Busby, D Butler, WE Byer, RL Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Camp, JB Cantley, CA Cardenas, L Carter, K Casey, MM Castiglione, J Chandler, A Chapsky, J Charlton, P Chatterji, S Chen, Y Chickarmane, V Chin, D Christensen, N Churches, D Colacino, C Coldwell, R Coles, M Cook, D Corbitt, T Coyne, D Creighton, JDE Creighton, TD Crooks, DRM Csatorday, P Cusack, BJ Cutler, C D'Ambrosio, E Danzmann, K Davies, R Daw, E DeBra, D Delker, T DeSalvo, R Dhurandhar, S Diaz, M Ding, H Drever, RWP Dupuis, RJ Ebeling, C Edlund, J Ehrens, P Elliffe, EJ Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, T Fallnich, C Farnham, D Fejer, MM Fine, M Finn, LS Flanagan, E Freise, A Frey, R Fritschel, P Frolov, V Fyffe, M Ganezer, KS Giaime, JA Gillespie, A Goda, K Gonzalez, G Gossler, S Grandclement, P Grant, A Gray, C Gretarsson, AM Grimmett, D Grote, H Grunewald, S Guenther, M Gustafson, E Gustafson, R Hamilton, WO Hammond, M Hanson, J Hardham, C Harry, G Hartunian, A Heefner, J Hefetz, Y Heinzel, G Heng, IS Hennessy, M Hepler, N Heptonstall, A Heurs, M Hewitson, M Hindman, N Hoang, P Hough, J Hrynevych, M Hua, W Ingley, R Ito, M Itoh, Y Ivanov, A Jennrich, O Johnson, WW Johnston, W Jones, L Jungwirth, D Kalogera, V Katsavounidis, E Kawabe, K Kawamura, S Kells, W Kern, J Khan, A Killbourn, S Killow, CJ Kim, C King, C King, P Klimenko, S Kloevekorn, P Koranda, S Kotter, K Kovalik, J Kozak, D Krishnan, B Landry, M Langdale, J Lantz, B Lawrence, R Lazzarini, A Lei, M Leonhardt, V Leonor, I Libbrecht, K Lindquist, P Liu, S Logan, J Lormand, M Lubinski, M Luck, H Lyons, TT Machenschalk, B MacInnis, M Mageswaran, M Mailand, K Majid, W Malec, M Mann, F Marin, A Marka, S Maros, E Mason, J Mason, K Matherny, O Matone, L Mavalvala, N McCarthy, R McClelland, DE McHugh, M McNamara, P Mendell, G Meshkov, S Messenger, C Mitrofanov, VP Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Miyakawa, O Miyoki, S Mohanty, S Moreno, G Mossavi, K Mours, B Mueller, G Mukherjee, S Myers, J Nagano, S Nash, T Naundorf, H Nayak, R Newton, G Nocera, F Nutzman, P Olson, T O'Reilly, B Ottaway, DJ Ottewill, A Ouimette, D Overmier, H Owen, BJ Papa, MA Parameswariah, C Parameswariah, V Pedraza, M Penn, S Pitkin, M Plissi, M Pratt, M Quetschke, V Raab, F Radkins, H Rahkola, R Rakhmanov, M Rao, SR Redding, D Regehr, MW Regimbau, T Reilly, KT Reithmaier, K Reitze, DH Richman, S Riesen, R Riles, K Rizzi, A Robertson, DI Robertson, NA Robison, L Roddy, S Rollins, J Romano, JD Romie, J Rong, H Rose, D Rotthoff, E Rowan, S Rudiger, A Russell, P Ryan, K Salzman, I Sanders, GH Sannibale, V Sathyaprakash, B Saulson, PR Savage, R Sazonov, A Schilling, R Schlaufman, K Schmidt, V Schofield, R Schrempel, M Schutz, BF Schwinberg, P Scott, SM Searle, AC Sears, B Seel, S Sengupta, AS Shapiro, CA Shawhan, P Shoemaker, DH Shu, QZ Sibley, A Siemens, X Sievers, L Sigg, D Sintes, AM Skeldon, K Smith, JR Smith, M Smith, MR Sneddon, P Spero, R Stapfer, G Strain, KA Strom, D Stuver, A Summerscales, T Sumner, MC Sutton, PJ Sylvestre, J Takamori, A Tanner, DB Tariq, H Taylor, I Taylor, R Thorne, KS Tibbits, M Tilav, S Tinto, M Tokmakov, KV Torres, C Torrie, C Traeger, S Traylor, G Tyler, W Ugolini, D Vallisneri, M van Putten, M Vass, S Vecchio, A Vorvick, C Vyachanin, SP Wallace, L Walther, H Ward, H Ware, B Watts, K Webber, D Weidner, A Weiland, U Weinstein, A Weiss, R Welling, H Wen, L Wen, S Whelan, JT Whitcomb, SE Whiting, BF Willems, PA Williams, PR Williams, R Willke, B Wilson, A Winjum, BJ Winkler, W Wise, S Wiseman, AG Woan, G Wooley, R Worden, J Yakushin, I Yamamoto, H Yoshida, S Zawischa, I Zhang, L Zotov, N Zucker, M Zweizig, J CA LIGO Sci Collaboration TI First upper limits from LIGO on gravitational wave bursts SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL CORE COLLAPSE; LASER; INTERFEROMETER; DETECTORS; GEO-600; NETWORK; SEARCH; NOISE AB We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors. Our search focuses on bursts with durations ranging from 4 to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz. We bound the rate for such detected bursts at less than 1.6 events per day at a 90% confidence level. This result is interpreted in terms of the detection efficiency for ad hoc waveforms (Gaussians and sine Gaussians) as a function of their root-sum-square strain h(rss); typical sensitivities lie in the range h(rss)similar to10(-19)-10(-17) strain/rootHz, depending on the waveform. We discuss improvements in the search method that will be applied to future science data from LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors. C1 CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, Albert Einstein Inst, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747 USA. CALTECH, CaRT, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF2 3YB, S Glam, Wales. Carleton Coll, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Hobart & William Smith Coll, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. MIT, LIGO, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA. LIGO Livingston Observ, Livingston, LA 70754 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Loyola Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 119992, Russia. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Salish Kootenai Coll, Pablo, MT 59855 USA. SE Louisiana Univ, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Texas, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. Texas Southmost Coll, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. Trinity Univ, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. Leibniz Univ Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Univ Illes Balears, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA USA. CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, GReCO, F-75700 Paris, France. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP CALTECH, LIGO, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Sylvestre, Julien/A-8610-2009; Beausoleil, Raymond/C-5076-2009; McClelland, David/E-6765-2010; Schutz, Bernard/B-1504-2010; Casey, Morag/C-9703-2010; Rowan, Sheila/E-3032-2010; Strain, Kenneth/D-5236-2011; Raab, Frederick/E-2222-2011; Lueck, Harald/F-7100-2011; Freise, Andreas/F-8892-2011; Kawabe, Keita/G-9840-2011; Bilenko, Igor/D-5172-2012; Mitrofanov, Valery/D-8501-2012; van Putten, Maurice/F-5237-2011; Pitkin, Matthew/I-3802-2013; Allen, Bruce/K-2327-2012; Vyatchanin, Sergey/J-2238-2012; Chen, Yanbei/A-2604-2013; Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Liu, Sheng/K-2815-2013; Vecchio, Alberto/F-8310-2015; Finn, Lee Samuel/A-3452-2009; Ottaway, David/J-5908-2015; Ottewill, Adrian/A-1838-2016; Sigg, Daniel/I-4308-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Sylvestre, Julien/0000-0001-8136-4348; McClelland, David/0000-0001-6210-5842; Strain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2066-5355; Lueck, Harald/0000-0001-9350-4846; Pitkin, Matthew/0000-0003-4548-526X; Allen, Bruce/0000-0003-4285-6256; Vecchio, Alberto/0000-0002-6254-1617; Finn, Lee Samuel/0000-0002-3937-0688; Ottewill, Adrian/0000-0003-3293-8450; Sigg, Daniel/0000-0003-4606-6526; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Taylor, Ian/0000-0001-5040-0772; Aulbert, Carsten/0000-0002-1481-8319; Tanner, David/0000-0003-1940-4710; Freise, Andreas/0000-0001-6586-9901; Whiting, Bernard F/0000-0002-8501-8669; Papa, M.Alessandra/0000-0002-1007-5298 NR 45 TC 159 Z9 159 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 102001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.102001 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 830BI UT WOS:000222096200007 ER PT J AU Ahmed, M Dodelson, S Greene, PB Sorkin, R AF Ahmed, M Dodelson, S Greene, PB Sorkin, R TI Everpresent Lambda SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NONZERO COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; COLD DARK-MATTER; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; TIME; ENERGY; NEUTRALIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; SUPERNOVAE; MODELS AB A variety of observations indicate that the Universe is dominated by "dark energy" with negative pressure, one possibility for which is a cosmological constant. If the dark energy is a cosmological constant, a fundamental question is, why has it become relevant at so late an epoch, making today the only time in the history of the Universe at which the cosmological constant is of the order of the ambient density. We explore an answer to this question drawing on ideas from unimodular gravity, which entails fluctuations in the cosmological constant, and causal set theory, which predicts a specific magnitude for the fluctuations. The resulting ansatz provides a cosmological "constant" which fluctuates about zero, remaining always comparable to the ambient energy density. C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Aspen Ctr Phys, Aspen, CO USA. Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Ahmed, M (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 47 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 103523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.103523 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 830BI UT WOS:000222096200038 ER PT J AU Anastasiou, C Dixon, L Melnikov, K Petriello, F AF Anastasiou, C Dixon, L Melnikov, K Petriello, F TI High-precision QCD at hadron colliders: Electroweak gauge boson rapidity distributions at next-to-next-to leading order SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; LEPTON-PAIR PRODUCTION; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; FEYNMAN-INTEGRALS; PARTON DENSITIES; WILSON OPERATORS; NNLO EVOLUTION AB We compute the rapidity distributions of W and Z bosons produced at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN LHC through next-to-next-to leading order in QCD. Our results demonstrate remarkable stability with respect to variations of the factorization and renormalization scales for all values of rapidity accessible in current and future experiments. These processes are therefore "gold-plated": current theoretical knowledge yields QCD predictions accurate to better than 1%. These results strengthen the proposal to use W and Z production to determine parton-parton luminosities and constrain parton distribution functions at the LHC. For example, LHC data should easily be able to distinguish the central parton distribution fit obtained by MRST from that obtained by Alekhin. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM babis@slac.stanford.edu; lance@slac.stanford.edu; kirill@phys.hawaii.edu; frankjp@pha.jhu.edu NR 83 TC 335 Z9 335 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.094008 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400021 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for the decay B-0 -> p(p)over-bar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We present the result of a search for the charmless two-body baryonic decay B-0-->p(p) over bar in a sample of 88 million Y(4S)-->B(B) over bar decays collected by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory. We use Cherenkov radiation to identify protons cleanly, and determine the signal yield with a maximum-likelihood fit technique using kinematic and topological information. We find no evidence for a signal and place a 90% confidence-level upper limit of B(B-0--> )<2.7x10(-7). C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 091503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.091503 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400004 ER PT J AU Bars, I Deliduman, C Pasqua, A Zumino, B AF Bars, I Deliduman, C Pasqua, A Zumino, B TI Hidden twelve-dimensional super Poincare symmetry in eleven dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRY; SUPERFIELDS AB First, we review a result in our previous paper, of how a ten-dimensional superparticle, taken off-shell, has a hidden eleven-dimensional super Poincare symmetry. Then, we show that the physical sector is defined by three first-class constraints which preserve the full eleven-dimensional symmetry. Applying the same concepts to the eleven-dimensional superparticle, taken off-shell, we discover a hidden twelve-dimensional super Poincare symmetry that governs the theory. C1 Univ So Calif, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Feza Gursey Inst, TR-81220 Istanbul, Turkey. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bars, I (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Bars, Itzhak/A-3971-2008 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 106007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.106007 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 830BI UT WOS:000222096200101 ER PT J AU Binger, M Brodsky, SJ AF Binger, M Brodsky, SJ TI Physical renormalization schemes and grand unification SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QCD EFFECTIVE CHARGE; PINCH TECHNIQUE; ONE-LOOP; THRESHOLD CORRECTIONS; MODEL; PROTON AB In a physical renormalization scheme, gauge couplings are defined directly in terms of physical observables. Such effective charges are analytic functions of physical scales, and thus mass thresholds are treated with their correct analytic dependence. In particular, particles will contribute to physical predictions even at energies below their threshold. This is in contrast with unphysical renormalization schemes such as (MS) over bar where mass thresholds are treated as step functions. In this paper we analyze supersymmetric grand unification in the context of physical renormalization schemes and find a number of qualitative differences and improvements in precision over conventional approaches. The effective charge formalism presented here provides a template for calculating all mass threshold effects for any given grand unified theory. These new threshold corrections may be important in making the measured values of the gauge couplings consistent with unification. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Binger, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM mwbinger@stanford.edu; sjbth@slac.stanford.edu NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 095007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.095007 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400063 ER PT J AU Boer, D Vogelsang, W AF Boer, D Vogelsang, W TI Asymmetric jet correlations in pp(up arrow) scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; TO-LEADING ORDER; MULTIHADRON FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HARD-SCATTERING; HADRON-PRODUCTION; DRELL-YAN AB We propose that back-to-back correlations in the azimuthal angle of jets produced in collisions of unpolarized with transversely polarized proton beams could be used to determine Sivers functions. The corresponding single-spin asymmetry is not power suppressed, but is subject to Sudakov suppression. We present estimates of the asymmetry (without and with Sudakov effects) for BNL RHIC at jet transverse momenta of similar to10 GeV and show that it may reach a few percent or more and could provide access to the gluon Sivers function. C1 Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Boer, D (reprint author), Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, De Boelelaan 1081, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM dboer@nat.vu.nl; vogelsan@quark.phy.bnl.gov RI Boer, Daniel/B-3493-2015 OI Boer, Daniel/0000-0003-0985-4662 NR 55 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094025 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.094025 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400038 ER PT J AU Datta, A Lipkin, HJ O'Donnell, PJ AF Datta, A Lipkin, HJ O'Donnell, PJ TI Nonleptonic Lambda(b) decays to D-s(2317), D-s(2460), and other final states in factorization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B-MESON DECAYS; WEAK DECAYS; CHARMED BARYONS; QUARK-MODEL; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; HADRON MASSES; STRONG PHASES; CP-VIOLATION; PREDICTIONS; PENGUINS AB We consider nonleptonic Cabibbo-allowed Lambda(b) decays in the factorization approximation. We calculate nonleptonic decays of the type Lambda(b)-->Lambda(c)P and Lambda(b)-->Lambda(c)V relative to (B) over bar (0)(d)-->D+P and (B) over bar (0)(d)-->D+V where we include among the pseudoscalar states and the vector states the newly discovered D-s resonances, D-s(2317) and D-s(2460). In the ratio of Lambda(b) decays to D-s(2317) and D-s(2460) relative to the (B) over bar (0)(d) decays to these states, the poorly known decay constants of D-s(2317) and D-s(2460) cancel, leading to predictions that can shed light on the nature of these new states. In general, we predict the Lambda(b) decays to be larger than the corresponding (B) over bar (0)(d) decays and in particular we find the branching ratio for Lambda(b)-->Lambda(c)D(s)(2460) can be between four to five times the branching ratio for (B) over bar (0)(d)-->D+Ds(2460). This enhancement of Lambda(b) branching ratios follows primarily from the fact that more partial waves contribute in Lambda(b) decays than in (B) over bar (0)(d) decays. Our predictions are largely independent of model calculations of hadronic inputs like form factors and decay constants. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM datta@physics.utoronto.ca; harry.lipkin@weizmann.ac.il; odonnell@physics.utoronto.ca NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.094002 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400015 ER PT J AU Datta, S Karsch, F Petreczky, P Wetzorke, I AF Datta, S Karsch, F Petreczky, P Wetzorke, I TI Behavior of charmonium systems after deconfinement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-ENTROPY ANALYSIS; THERMAL DILEPTON RATES; IMPROVED LATTICE QCD; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; SCREENING MASSES; PERTURBATIVE RENORMALIZATION; BILINEAR QUARK; TRANSITION AB We present a study of charmonia in hot gluonic plasma, for temperatures up to three times the deconfinement transition temperature T-c. q (q) over bar systems with quark masses close to the charm mass and different spin-parity quantum numbers were studied on very fine isotropic lattices. The analysis of temporal correlators, and spectral functions constructed from them, shows that the J/psi and eta(c) survive up to quite high temperatures, with little observable change up to 1.5T(c), and then gradually weaken and disappear by 3T(c). For the scalar and axial vector channels, serious modifications are induced by the hot medium already close to T-c, possibly dissociating the mesons by 1.1T(c). C1 Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIC DESY Zeuthen, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. RP Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM saumen@physik.uni-bielefeld.de; karsch@physik.uni-bielefeld.de; petreczk@quark.phy.bnl.gov; Ines.Wetzorke@desy.de NR 48 TC 308 Z9 308 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.094507 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400050 ER PT J AU Eichten, EJ Lane, K Quigg, C AF Eichten, EJ Lane, K Quigg, C TI Charmonium levels near threshold and the narrow state X(3872)->pi(+)pi(-)J/psi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DECAYS AB We explore the influence of open-charm channels on charmonium properties and profile the 1(3)D(2), 1(3)D(3), and 2(1)P(1) charmonium candidates for X(3872). The favored candidates, the 1(3)D(2) and 1(3)D(3) levels, both have prominent radiative decays. The 1(3)D(2) might be visible in the D-0(D) over bar*(0) channel, while the dominant decay of the 1(3)D(3) state should be into D (D) over bar. We propose that additional discrete charmonium levels can be discovered as narrow resonances of charmed and anticharmed mesons. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM eichten@fnal.gov; lane@bu.edu; quigg@fnal.gov NR 24 TC 183 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094019 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.094019 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400032 ER PT J AU Grossman, Y Rakshit, S AF Grossman, Y Rakshit, S TI Neutrino masses in R-parity violating supersymmetric models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SOFTLY BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRY; BASIS-INDEPENDENT MEASURES; LEPTON NUMBER VIOLATION; STANDARD MODEL; MATRIX MODELS; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; CP VIOLATION; BREAKING; OSCILLATIONS; CONSTRAINTS AB We study neutrino masses and mixing in R-parity violating supersymmetric models with generic soft supersymmetry breaking terms. Neutrinos acquire masses from various sources: tree level neutrino-neutralino mixing and loop effects proportional to bilinear and/or trilinear R-parity violating parameters. Each of these contributions is controlled by different parameters and has different suppression or enhancement factors that we identify. Within an Abelian horizontal symmetry framework these factors are related and specific predictions can be made. We find that the main contributions to the neutrino masses are from the tree level and the bilinear loops and that the observed neutrino data can be accommodated once mild fine-tuning is allowed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM yuvalg@physics.technion.ac.il; srakshit@physics.technion.ac.il RI Rakshit, Subhendu/F-2576-2016 OI Rakshit, Subhendu/0000-0001-9222-5036 NR 84 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 093002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.093002 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400008 ER PT J AU Harnik, R Larson, DT Murayama, H Pierce, A AF Harnik, R Larson, DT Murayama, H Pierce, A TI Atmospheric neutrinos can make beauty strange SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DIRECT CP VIOLATION; PI-PI DECAYS; B-DECAYS; QCD FACTORIZATION; BRANCHING RATIO; MESON DECAYS; HEAVY-QUARK; TOP-QUARK; SUPERSYMMETRY; MODEL AB The large observed mixing angle in atmospheric neutrinos, coupled with grand unification, motivates the search for large mixing between right-handed strange and bottom squarks. Such mixing does not appear in the standard Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa phenomenology, but may induce significant b-->s transitions through gluino diagrams. Working in the mass eigenbasis, we show quantitatively that an O(1) effect on CP violation in B-d(0)-->phiK(S) is possible due to a large mixing between s(R) and b(R), while still satisfying constraints from b-->sgamma. We also include the effect of b(L)-b(R) mixing proportional to m(b)mu tan beta. In the case where m(b)mu tan betamuch less thanM(SUSY)(2) there may be a large effect in B-s mixing correlated with a large effect in B-d(0)-->phiK(S), typically yielding an unambiguous signal of new physics at Tevatron run II. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theoret Phys Grp, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 50 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094024 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.094024 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400037 ER PT J AU Hatta, Y Fukushima, K AF Hatta, Y Fukushima, K TI Linking the chiral and deconfinement phase transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LATTICE GAUGE-THEORY; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SYMMETRY RESTORATION; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; 2-FLAVOR QCD; QUARKS; SU(2); FIELDS; MODEL AB We show that the electric glueball becomes massless at the end point of the deconfinement phase transition in finite temperature QCD. Based on this observation and existing lattice data, we argue that the chiral phase transition at a zero quark mass and the deconfinement phase transition at an infinite quark mass are continuously connected by the glueball-sigma mixing. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Hatta, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. OI Fukushima, Kenji/0000-0003-0899-740X NR 39 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 097502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.097502 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400074 ER PT J AU Ikeda, T AF Ikeda, T TI Effect of memory on relaxation in a scalar field theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; PARTICLE BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; HEAVY-ION COLLISION; QUANTUM-FIELDS; LARGE NUCLEI; THERMALIZATION; DYNAMICS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DECAY; QUARK AB We derive a kinetic equation with a non-Markovian collision term that includes a memory effect from Kadanoff-Baym equations in phi(4) theory within the three-loop level for the two-particle irreducible effective action. The memory effect is incorporated into the kinetic equation by a generalized Kadanoff-Baym ansatz. Based on the kinetic equations with and without the memory effect, we investigate the influence of this effect on the decay of a single particle excitation with zero momentum in 3+1 dimensions and the spatially homogeneous case. The numerical results show that, while the time evolution of the zero mode is completely unaffected by the memory effect due to a separation of scales in the weak coupling regime, this effect leads first to faster relaxation than the case without it and then to slower relaxation as the coupling constant increases. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ikeda, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ikeda@bnl.gov NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 105018 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.105018 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 830BI UT WOS:000222096200088 ER PT J AU Kinney, WH Kolb, EW Melchiorri, A Riotto, A AF Kinney, WH Kolb, EW Melchiorri, A Riotto, A TI Inflationary physics from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; AMERICAN TEST FLIGHT; WMAP OBSERVATIONS; SMALL ARRAY; DENSITY PERTURBATIONS; SCALE INTERFEROMETER; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; COSMOLOGICAL MODELS; QUANTUM CORRECTIONS; COBE NORMALIZATION AB We extract parameters relevant for distinguishing among single-field inflation models from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data set, and from a combination of the WMAP data and seven other cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. We use only CMB data and perform a likelihood analysis over a grid of models, including the full error covariance matrix. We find that a model with a scale-invariant scalar power spectrum (n=1), no tensor contribution, and no running of the spectral index, is within the 1-sigma contours of both data sets. We then apply the Monte Carlo reconstruction technique to both data sets to generate an ensemble of inflationary potentials consistent with observations. None of the three basic classes of inflation models (small-field, large-field, and hybrid) are completely ruled out, although hybrid models are favored by the best-fit region. The reconstruction process indicates that a wide variety of smooth potentials for the inflaton are consistent with the data, implying that the first-year WMAP result is still too crude to constrain significantly either the height or the shape of the inflaton potential. In particular, the lack of evidence for tensor fluctuations makes it impossible to constrain the energy scale of inflation. Nonetheless, the data rule out a large portion of the available parameter space for inflation. For instance, we find that potentials of the form V=lambdaphi(4) are ruled out to 3sigma by the combined data set, but not by the WMAP data taken alone. C1 Columbia Univ, Inst Strings Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Columbia Univ, Inst Strings Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM whkinney@buffalo.edu; rocky@fnal.gov; melch@astro.ox.ac.uk; antonio.riotto@pd.infn.it NR 118 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 103516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.103516 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 830BI UT WOS:000222096200031 ER PT J AU Schafer, T Zetocha, V AF Schafer, T Zetocha, V TI Instantons and the spin of the nucleon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PROTON; QCD; VACUUM; QUARK; CORRELATORS; SCATTERING; FIELDS; VECTOR; CHARGE; LIQUID AB Motivated by measurements of the flavor singlet axial coupling constant of the nucleon in polarized deep inelastic scattering we study the contribution of instantons to Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule (OZI) violation in the axial-vector channel. We consider, in particular, the f(1)-a(1) meson splitting, the flavor singlet and triplet axial coupling of a constituent quark, and the axial coupling constant of the nucleon. We show that instantons provide a short distance contribution to OZI violating correlation functions which is repulsive in the f(1) meson channel and adds to the flavor singlet three-point function of a constituent quark. We also show that the sign of this contribution is determined by positivity arguments. We compute long distance contributions using numerical simulations of the instanton liquid. We find that the isovector axial coupling constant of a constituent quark is (g(A)(3))(Q)=0.9 and that of a nucleon is g(A)(3)=1.28, in good agreement with experiment. The flavor singlet coupling of a quark is close to one, while that of a nucleon is suppressed, g(A)(0)=0.77. However, this number is larger than the experimental value g(A)(0)=(0.28-0.41). C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27696 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Schafer, T (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27696 USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 094028 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.094028 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400041 ER PT J AU Tegmark, M Strauss, MA Blanton, MR Abazajian, K Dodelson, S Sandvik, H Wang, XM Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I Bahcall, NA Hoyle, F Schlegel, D Scoccimarro, R Vogeley, MS Berlind, A Budavari, T Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Lin, H Nakajima, R Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Pope, A Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Xu, YZ Annis, J Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Csabai, I Loveday, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Hennessy, G Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA O'Connell, L Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B York, DG AF Tegmark, M Strauss, MA Blanton, MR Abazajian, K Dodelson, S Sandvik, H Wang, XM Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I Bahcall, NA Hoyle, F Schlegel, D Scoccimarro, R Vogeley, MS Berlind, A Budavari, T Connolly, A Eisenstein, DJ Finkbeiner, D Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Hui, L Jain, B Johnston, D Kent, S Lin, H Nakajima, R Nichol, RC Ostriker, JP Pope, A Scranton, R Seljak, U Sheth, RK Stebbins, A Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Xu, YZ Annis, J Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Csabai, I Loveday, J Doi, M Fukugita, M Gillespie, B Hennessy, G Hogg, DW Ivezic, Z Knapp, GR Lamb, DQ Lee, BC Lupton, RH McKay, TA Kunszt, P Munn, JA O'Connell, L Peoples, J Pier, JR Richmond, M Rockosi, C Schneider, DP Stoughton, C Tucker, DL Vanden Berk, DE Yanny, B York, DG TI Cosmological parameters from SDSS and WMAP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; COSMIC SHEAR; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION AB We measure cosmological parameters using the three-dimensional power spectrum P(k) from over 200 000 galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) in combination with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and other data. Our results are consistent with a "vanilla" flat adiabatic cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant without tilt (n(s)=1), running tilt, tensor modes, or massive neutrinos. Adding SDSS information more than halves the WMAP-only error bars on some parameters, tightening 1sigma constraints on the Hubble parameter from happroximate to0.74(-0.07)(+0.18) to happroximate to0.70(-0.03)(+0.04), on the matter density from Omega(m)approximate to0.25+/-0.10 to Omega(m)approximate to0.30+/-0.04 (1sigma) and on neutrino masses from <11 to <0.6 eV (95%). SDSS helps even more when dropping prior assumptions about curvature, neutrinos, tensor modes and the equation of state. Our results are in substantial agreement with the joint analysis of WMAP and the Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey, which is an impressive consistency check with independent redshift survey data and analysis techniques. In this paper, we place particular emphasis on clarifying the physical origin of the constraints, i.e., what we do and do not know when using different data sets and prior assumptions. For instance, dropping the assumption that space is perfectly flat, the WMAP-only constraint on the measured age of the Universe tightens from t(0)approximate to16.3(-1.8)(+2.3) Gyr to t(0)approximate to14.1(-0.9)(+1.0) Gyr by adding SDSS and SN Ia data. Including tensors, running tilt, neutrino mass and equation of state in the list of free parameters, many constraints are still quite weak, but future cosmological measurements from SDSS and other sources should allow these to be substantially tightened. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Sussex, Sussex Astron Ctr, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 170 TC 2251 Z9 2261 U1 9 U2 49 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 103501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.103501 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 830BI UT WOS:000222096200016 ER PT J AU Vallinotto, A Copeland, EJ Kolb, EW Liddle, AR Steer, DA AF Vallinotto, A Copeland, EJ Kolb, EW Liddle, AR Steer, DA TI Inflationary potentials yielding constant scalar perturbation spectral indices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; UNIVERSE; FLUCTUATIONS; CONSTRAINTS; MODELS AB We explore the types of slow-roll inflationary potentials that result in scalar perturbations with a constant spectral index, i.e., perturbations that may be described by a single power-law spectrum over all observable scales. We devote particular attention to the type of potentials that result in the Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Fis, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. Univ Paris 11, Phys Theor Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 07, Federat Rech APC, F-75221 Paris 05, France. RP Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 10 AR 103519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.103519 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 830BI UT WOS:000222096200034 ER PT J AU White, AR AF White, AR TI Electroweak high-energy scattering and the chiral anomaly SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-THEORY; QCD; AMPLITUDES; BEHAVIOR; EQUATION; POMERON AB The effect of perturbative QCD interactions on the high-energy scattering of electroweak vector bosons, when the exchanged channel has pion quantum numbers, is considered. The chiral anomaly is shown to appear in the couplings of particular transverse momentum diagrams, producing an enhancement of the scattering amplitude by a power of the energy. At O(alpha(s)) a single large transverse momentum gluon is involved and, within the transverse momentum diagram framework, there is no cancellation. In higher orders, soft gluons, carrying both normal and anomalous color parity, are also present. The manipulation of a transverse momentum cutoff to replace the ultraviolet anomaly divergence by infrared divergences that can lead to confinement and chiral symmetry breaking is briefly discussed. The possible implications for electroweak symmetry breaking are noted. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM arw@hep.anl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 9 AR 096002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.096002 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 827NQ UT WOS:000221907400069 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL AF Ben-Naim, E Krapivsky, PL TI Size of outbreaks near the epidemic threshold SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; FINAL SIZE; EVOLUTION AB The spread of infectious diseases near the epidemic threshold is investigated. Scaling laws for the size and the duration of outbreaks originating from a single infected individual in a large susceptible population are obtained. The maximal size of an outbreak n(*) scales as N(2/3) with N the population size. This scaling law implies that the average outbreak size scales as N(1/3). Moreover, the maximal and the average duration of an outbreak grow as t(*)similar toN(1/3) and similar toln N, respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Biodynam, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebn@lanl.gov; paulk@bu.edu RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; NR 24 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 050901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.050901 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EW UT WOS:000221813100005 PM 15244801 ER PT J AU Choi, WY Prasad, D Camassa, R Ecke, RE AF Choi, WY Prasad, D Camassa, R Ecke, RE TI Traveling waves in rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC MODES; PRANDTL NUMBERS; HEAT-TRANSFER; STABILITY; INSTABILITY; CRYOGENS; STATES; ONSET AB A combined analytical, numerical, and experimental study of the traveling-wave wall mode in rotating Rayleigh-Benard convection is presented. No-slip top and bottom boundary conditions are used for the numerical computation of the linear stability, and the coefficients of the linear complex Ginzburg-Landau equation are then computed for various rotation rates. Numerical results for the no-slip boundary conditions are compared with free-slip calculations and with experimental data, and detailed comparison is made at a dimensionless rotation rate Omega=274. It is found that the inclusion of the more realistic no-slip boundary conditions for the top and bottom surfaces brings the numerical linear stability analysis into better agreement with the experimental data compared with results using free-slip top/bottom boundary conditions. Some remaining discrepancies may be accounted for by the finite conductivity of the sidewall boundaries. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Choi, WY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Naval Arch & Marine Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 056301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.056301 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EZ UT WOS:000221813400058 PM 15244926 ER PT J AU Dimonte, G AF Dimonte, G TI Dependence of turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability on initial perturbations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITIES; BUBBLE MERGER MODEL; BEAM-PLASMA SYSTEM; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; VARIABLE ACCELERATION; PARALLEL COMPUTATION; COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS; GROWTH; LASER; EVOLUTION AB The dependency of the self-similar Rayleigh-Taylor bubble acceleration constant alpha(b)(equivalent to[(amplitude)/2]x(displacement)x(Atwood number)) on the initial perturbation amplitude h(0k) is described with a model in which the exponential growth of a small amplitude packet of modes makes a continuous nonlinear transition to its "terminal" bubble velocity proportional toFr [equal to (Froude number)(1/2)]. Then, by applying self-similarity (diameter proportional to amplitude), alpha(b) is found to increase proportional to Fr and logarithmically with h(0k). The model has two free parameters that are determined from experiments and simulations. The augmentation of long wavelength perturbations by mode coupling is also evaluated. This is found to decrease the sensitivity of alpha(b) on the initial perturbations when they are smaller than the saturation amplitude of the most unstable modes. These results show that alpha(b) can vary by a factor of 2-3 with initial conditions in reasonable agreement with experiments and simulations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dimonte, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 68 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 056305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.056305 PN 2 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EZ UT WOS:000221813400062 PM 15244930 ER PT J AU Hakel, P Mancini, RC Gauthier, JC Minguez, E Dubau, J Cornille, M AF Hakel, P Mancini, RC Gauthier, JC Minguez, E Dubau, J Cornille, M TI X-ray line polarization of He-like Si satellite spectra in plasmas driven by high-intensity ultrashort pulsed lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FE; SPECTROSCOPY; CODE; EXCITATION AB We present a modeling study of x-ray line polarization in plasmas driven by high-intensity, ultrashort duration pulsed lasers. Electron kinetics simulations of these transient and nonequilibrium plasmas predict non-Maxwellian and anisotropic electron distribution functions. Under these conditions, the magnetic sublevels within fine structure levels can be unequally populated which leads to the emission of polarized lines. We have developed a time-dependent, collisional-radiative atomic kinetics model of magnetic sublevels to understand the underlying processes and mechanisms leading to the formation of polarized x-ray line emission in plasmas with anisotropic electron distribution functions. The electron distribution function consists of a thermal component extracted from hydrodynamic calculations and a beam component determined by PIC simulations of the laser-plasma interaction. We focus on the polarization properties of the He-like Si satellites of the Ly(alpha) line, discuss the time evolution of polarized satellite spectra, and identify suitable polarization markers that are sensitive to the anisotropy of the electron distribution function and can be used for diagnostic applications. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses,CNRS,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Observ Paris, F-92915 Meudon, France. RP Hakel, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 056405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.056405 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EZ UT WOS:000221813400081 PM 15244949 ER PT J AU Hau-Riege, SP London, RA Szoke, A AF Hau-Riege, SP London, RA Szoke, A TI Dynamics of biological molecules irradiated by short x-ray pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; RECOMMENDED DATA; ATOMS; IONS; GENERATION; LASER AB Very short and intense x-ray pulses can be used for diffraction imaging of single biological molecules. Inevitably, x-ray absorption initiates damage that degrades the molecule's image. This paper presents a continuum model of the physics that leads to damage when a small particle absorbs a large x-ray dose. The main processes are found to be ionization and Coulomb-force driven atomic motion. Trapping of electrons, Debye shielding, and nonuniform collisional ionization all have a significant effect on the overall damage kinetics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 30 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 051906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.051906 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EW UT WOS:000221813100050 PM 15244846 ER PT J AU Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Cole, DR Frielinghaus, H AF Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Cole, DR Frielinghaus, H TI Density fluctuations near the liquid-gas critical point of a confined fluid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; VAPOR CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED-PORE GLASS; PHASE-SEPARATION; BINARY-LIQUID; CRITICAL-DYNAMICS; POROUS-MEDIUM; SILICA-GEL; AEROGEL AB We report the results of an experimental study of the effect of a dilute silica network on liquid-gas critical phenomena in carbon dioxide (CO(2)). Using small-angle neutron scattering, we measured the correlation length of the density fluctuations in bulk (xi(bulk)) and confined CO(2) (xi(conf)) as a function of temperature and average fluid density. We find that quenched disorder induced by an aerogel suppresses density fluctuations: xi(conf) loses the Ising model divergence characteristic of xi(bulk) and does not exceed the size of pores in the homogeneous region. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Melnichenko, YB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Frielinghaus, Henrich/K-6017-2013; OI Frielinghaus, Henrich/0000-0002-8812-8783; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 057102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.057102 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EZ UT WOS:000221813400108 PM 15244976 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO Hastings, MB AF Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO Hastings, MB TI Nonlinear dynamics, rectification, and phase locking for particles on symmetrical two-dimensional periodic substrates with dc and circular ac drives SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL TWEEZER ARRAYS; MOVING VORTEX LATTICE; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; MICROLITHOGRAPHIC ARRAYS; QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; CHAOTIC TRANSPORT; THERMAL RATCHETS; MOLECULAR MOTORS; MAGNETIC DIPOLES; BROWNIAN MOTORS AB We investigate the dynamical motion of particles on a two-dimensional symmetric periodic substrate in the presence of both a dc drive along a symmetry direction of the periodic substrate and an additional circular ac drive. For large enough ac drives, the particle orbit encircles one or more potential maxima of the periodic substrate. In this case, when an additional increasing dc drive is applied in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal velocity increases in a series of discrete steps that are integer multiples of aomega/(2pi), where a is the lattice constant of the substrate. Fractional steps can also occur. These integer and fractional steps correspond to distinct stable dynamical orbits. A number of these phases also show a rectification in the positive or negative transverse direction where a nonzero transverse velocity occurs in the absence of a dc transverse drive. We map out the phase diagrams of the regions of rectification as a function of ac amplitude, and find a series of tongues. Most of the features, including the steps in the longitudinal velocity and the transverse rectification, can be captured with a simple toy model and by arguments from nonlinear maps. We have also investigated the effects of thermal disorder and incommensuration on the rectification phenomena, and find that for increasing disorder, the rectification regions are gradually smeared and the longitudinal velocity steps are no longer flat but show a linearly increasing velocity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 83 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 056115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.056115 PN 2 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EZ UT WOS:000221813400023 ER PT J AU Swift, DC Gammel, JT Clegg, SM AF Swift, DC Gammel, JT Clegg, SM TI Treatment of compounds and alloys in radiation hydrodynamics simulations of ablative laser loading SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article AB Different methods were compared for constructing models of the behavior of a prototype intermetallic compound, nickel aluminide, for use in radiation hydrodynamics simulations of shock wave generation by ablation induced by laser energy. The models included the equation of state, ionization, and radiation opacity. The methods of construction were evaluated by comparing the results of simulations of an ablatively generated shock wave in a sample of the alloy. The most accurate simulations were obtained using the "constant number density" mixture model to calculate the equation of state and opacity, and Thomas-Fermi ionization. This model is consistent with that found to be most accurate for simulations of ablatively shocked elements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swift, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dswift@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2004 VL 69 IS 5 AR 056401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.056401 PN 2 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 826EZ UT WOS:000221813400077 PM 15244945 ER PT J AU Davidson, RC AF Davidson, RC TI Korteweg-deVries equation for longitudinal disturbances in coasting charged-particle beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID WAVES; SYNCHROTRONS; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB This paper employs a one-dimensional kinetic model to investigate the nonlinear longitudinal dynamics of a long coasting beam propagating through a perfectly conducting circular pipe with radius r(w). The average axial electric field is expressed as = -e(b)g(0)partial derivativelambda(b)/partial derivativez-e(b)g(2)r(w)(2)partial derivative(3)lambda(b)/partial derivativez(3), where g(0) and g(2) are constant geometric factors, and lambda(b)(z,t) = integral dp(z)F(b)(z,p(z),t) is the line density. Assuming a waterbag distribution for the longitudinal distribution function F-b(z, p(z), t), it is shown that weakly nonlinear disturbances moving near the sound speed evolve according to the Korteweg-deVries equation. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davidson, RC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 AR 054402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.7.054402 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 826JM UT WOS:000221825400006 ER PT J AU Doyuran, A DiMauro, L Graves, W Heese, R Johnson, ED Krinsky, S Loos, H Murphy, JB Rakowsky, G Rose, J Shaftan, T Sheehy, B Shen, YZ Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Wu, XJ Yu, LH AF Doyuran, A DiMauro, L Graves, W Heese, R Johnson, ED Krinsky, S Loos, H Murphy, JB Rakowsky, G Rose, J Shaftan, T Sheehy, B Shen, YZ Skaritka, J Wang, XJ Wu, XJ Yu, LH TI Experimental study of a high-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser in the ultraviolet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID FEL SIMULATION; RADIATION; CODE AB Saturation of a high-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser (HGHG-FEL) at 266 nm has been accomplished at the Brookhaven National Laboratory/Deep Ultra Violet Free Electron Laser Facility (BNL/DUV-FEL) by seeding with an 800 nm Ti:sapphire laser. We describe the diagnostics used to characterize the electron beam and the FEL output. Analytic and simulation calculations of the HGHG output are presented and compared with the experimental data. We also discuss the chirped pulse amplification of a frequency chirped seed by an energy chirped electron beam. The third harmonic at 88 nm accompanying the 266 nm fundamental has been used in an ion pair imaging experiment in chemistry, the first application of the BNL/DUV-FEL. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Doyuran, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM doyuran@bnl.gov RI Shaftan, Timur/A-8443-2009 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 AR 050701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.7.050701 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 826JM UT WOS:000221825400001 ER PT J AU Ranjbar, VH Lee, SY Ahrens, L Bai, M Brown, K Glenn, W Huang, H Luccio, A MacKay, WW Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Tsoupas, N AF Ranjbar, VH Lee, SY Ahrens, L Bai, M Brown, K Glenn, W Huang, H Luccio, A MacKay, WW Ptitsyn, V Roser, T Tsoupas, N TI Spin coupling resonance and suppression in the AGS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION; SYNCHROTRON; PROTONS AB A spin matching method to cure intrinsic coupled spin resonances in the AGS is proposed and explored using an extension of the existing DEPOL program algorithm. The extension of DEPOL to handle linear coupling in the polarized beam acceleration is documented. Data collected from recent polarized proton experiments in the AGS are compared with the predictions derived from the extended DEPOL program. C1 Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ranjbar, VH (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-4402 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams PD MAY PY 2004 VL 7 IS 5 AR 051001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.7.051001 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 826JM UT WOS:000221825400003 ER PT J AU Liu, H Hu, J Xu, J Liu, Z Shu, J Mao, HK Chen, J AF Liu, H Hu, J Xu, J Liu, Z Shu, J Mao, HK Chen, J TI Phase transition and compression behavior of gibbsite under high-pressure SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINERALS LA English DT Article DE AL(OH)(3); high-pressure; phase transition; X-ray diffraction; infrared absorption ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; BAYERITE; AMORPHIZATION; POLYMORPH; AL(OH)(3); DOYLEITE; RAMAN AB In situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption experiments for gibbsite were performed at room temperature up to 53 and 25 GPa, respectively. A phase transition was confirmed at about 2.5 GPa. The high-pressure phase is indexed as an orthorhombic structure, rather than a triclinic structure as reported in previous studies. The compressibility of gibbsite and its high-pressure polymorph were studied, and their bulk moduli K-0 were determined to be 49 and 75 GPa, respectively with K-0' as 4. The in situ high-pressure infrared absorption spectra revealed the gradual disordering of hydrogen substructure above 15 GPa in quasihydrostatic compression. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hliu@hpcat.aps.anl.gov RI Liu, Haozhe/E-6169-2011 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0342-1791 EI 1432-2021 J9 PHYS CHEM MINER JI Phys. Chem. Miner. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s00269-004-0390-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy SC Materials Science; Mineralogy GA 814HV UT WOS:000220966700005 ER PT J AU Majumder, CAH Yuen, DA Vincent, AP AF Majumder, CAH Yuen, DA Vincent, AP TI Four dynamical regimes for a starting plume model SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION; TURBULENT THERMAL-CONVECTION; INFINITE PRANDTL NUMBER; HEAT-TRANSPORT; BUOYANT PLUMES; ICE SHELL; FLUID; INSTABILITIES; TRANSITION; CORE AB The growth of two-dimensional plumes was modeled numerically to study the dynamics of plumes with Rayleigh numbers in the range of 10(4) to 10(8) and Prandtl numbers in the range of 0.025 to 10 000. In this study we deal with a geometry driven by a heated line source, which is different from the basally heated Rayleigh-Benard convection between two horizontal plates. We found four different regimes for plume growth: a diffusive-viscous regime characterized by both thick thermal and velocity boundary layers; an inviscid-diffusive regime with thin velocity and thick temperature boundary layers; a viscous nondiffusive regime with thick velocity boundary layers and thin thermal ones; and an inviscid nondiffusive regime with both thin velocity and narrow thermal boundary layers. We also studied the dependence of the Nusselt number on height for various Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. We found that plumes with Prandtl numbers as high as 10(4) grown at a high Rayleigh number (10(8)) are significantly different from plumes developed in an infinite Prandtl number fluid. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Majumder, CAH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Earth Sci Div L206, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1516 EP 1531 DI 10.1063/1.1683151 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 812IG UT WOS:000220832600031 ER PT J AU Dimonte, G Youngs, DL Dimits, A Weber, S Marinak, M Wunsch, S Garasi, C Robinson, A Andrews, MJ Ramaprabhu, P Calder, AC Fryxell, B Biello, J Dursi, L MacNeice, P Olson, K Ricker, P Rosner, R Timmes, F Tufo, H Young, YN Zingale, M AF Dimonte, G Youngs, DL Dimits, A Weber, S Marinak, M Wunsch, S Garasi, C Robinson, A Andrews, MJ Ramaprabhu, P Calder, AC Fryxell, B Biello, J Dursi, L MacNeice, P Olson, K Ricker, P Rosner, R Timmes, F Tufo, H Young, YN Zingale, M TI A comparative study of the turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability using high-resolution three-dimensional numerical simulations: The Alpha-Group collaboration SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATIVE DIFFERENCE SCHEME; PIECEWISE-PARABOLIC METHOD; VARIABLE ACCELERATION; PARALLEL COMPUTATION; COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS; BUBBLE MERGER; 2-PHASE FLOW; SIMPLE-MODEL; CONVECTION; SIMILARITY AB The turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor instability is investigated in the limit of strong mode-coupling using a variety of high-resolution, multimode, three dimensional numerical simulations (NS). The perturbations are initialized with only short wavelength modes so that the self-similar evolution (i.e., bubble diameter D(b)proportional to amplitude h(b)) occurs solely by the nonlinear coupling (merger) of saturated modes. After an initial transient, it is found that h(b) similar to alpha(b)Agt(2), where A=Atwood number, g=acceleration, and t=time. The NS yield D(b)similar toh(b)/3 in agreement with experiment but the simulation value alpha(b)similar to0.025+/-0.003 is smaller than the experimental value alpha(b)similar to0.057+/-0.008. By analyzing the dominant bubbles, it is found that the small value of alpha(b) can be attributed to a density dilution due to fine-scale mixing in our NS without interface reconstruction (IR) or an equivalent entrainment in our NS with IR. This may be characteristic of the mode coupling limit studied here and the associated alpha(b) may represent a lower bound that is insensitive to the initial amplitude. Larger values of alpha(b) can be obtained in the presence of additional long wavelength perturbations and this may be more characteristic of experiments. Here, the simulation data are also analyzed in terms of bubble dynamics, energy balance and the density fluctuation spectra. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Calder, Alan/E-5348-2011; Young, Yuan-Nan/L-6413-2015; OI Young, Yuan-Nan/0000-0001-9771-5480; Zingale, Michael/0000-0001-8401-030X; Dursi, Jonathan/0000-0002-4697-798X NR 81 TC 209 Z9 212 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1668 EP 1693 DI 10.1063/1.1688328 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 812IG UT WOS:000220832600043 ER PT J AU Myra, JR Berry, LA D'Ippolito, DA Jaeger, EF AF Myra, JR Berry, LA D'Ippolito, DA Jaeger, EF TI Nonlinear fluxes and forces from radio-frequency waves with application to driven flows in tokamaks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION BERNSTEIN WAVES; INDUCED POLOIDAL FLOW; SHEAR SUPPRESSION; EDGE TURBULENCE; PLASMAS; TRANSPORT; POWER; FORMULATION; CONFINEMENT; GENERATION AB Nonlinear rf-driven sheared flows are of interest for turbulence control and basic physics experiments. Short-wavelength slow modes are required for efficient coupling of wave momentum to the plasma, requiring a kinetic hot-plasma theory. Here, a guiding-center formulation is developed which calculates the nonlinear particle and energy fluxes, energy absorption, and nonlinear forces on the plasma using a kinetic moment approach that is valid to first order in the ratio of the gyroradius compared to the wave envelope scale length and the plasma equilibrium scale length. Both the stress tensor and Lorentz force contribute to the net force on a fluid element. The forces driving flux-surface-averaged flows in a tokamak are extracted from the parallel and toroidal components. It is shown that flux-surface-averaged flows are driven by two classes of terms: direct absorption of wave momentum and dissipative stresses. Furthermore, the general kinetic expression for the force is shown to reduce to the standard cold-fluid ponderomotive force in an appropriate limit, but in this limit no flows are driven. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Myra, JR (reprint author), Lodestar Res Corp, 2400 Cent Ave,P-5, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1786 EP 1798 DI 10.1063/1.1690298 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600011 ER PT J AU Kolesnichenko, YI Lutsenko, VV Marchenko, VS White, RB AF Kolesnichenko, YI Lutsenko, VV Marchenko, VS White, RB TI Double-kink fishbone instability caused by circulating energetic ions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; SPHERICAL TOKAMAKS; SHEAR PROFILES; INTERNAL KINK; MODES; OSCILLATIONS AB The destabilization of double kink modes by the circulating energetic ions in tokamaks with the plasma current having an off-axis maximum is studied. It is shown that the high-frequency fishbone instability [energetic particle mode (EPM)] and the low-frequency (diamagnetic) fishbones are possible for such an equilibrium, their poloidal and toroidal mode numbers being not necessarily equal to unity. A new kind of the EPM instability, "doublet fishbones," is predicted. This instability is characterized by two frequencies; it can occur in a plasma with a nonmonotonic radial profile of the energetic ions when the particle orbit width is less than the width of the region where the mode is localized. It is found that the diamagnetic fishbone branch exists even when the orbit width exceeds the mode width; in this case, however, the instability growth rate is relatively small. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Inst Nucl Res, Prospekt Nauky 47, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1803 EP 1809 DI 10.1063/1.1695351 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600013 ER PT J AU Birn, J Thomsen, MF Hesse, M AF Birn, J Thomsen, MF Hesse, M TI Electron acceleration in the dynamic magnetotail: Test particle orbits in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation fields SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA SHEET ION; MHD FIELDS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; SUBSTORM; ENERGIZATION; INJECTIONS; MAGNETOSPHERE AB Electron acceleration and energetic electron flux increases in the inner tail are investigated on the basis of test-particle orbits in the dynamic fields of a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of neutral line formation and dipolarization in the magnetotail. Past models have mostly considered equatorial orbits, using the gyrocenter drift approximation. In this paper, the investigation is extended to include nonequatorial drifts and full orbit integrations in regions where the drift approximation breaks down. Typical acceleration mechanisms consist of betatron acceleration at large pitch angles and Fermi acceleration at small pitch angles, resulting from the dipolarization and shortening of field lines moving earthward from the neutral line. In comparison, acceleration at the near-Earth neutral line plays a negligible role in flux increases observed in the near tail. Energetic electron fluxes appear preferentially enhanced around 90degrees pitch angle, so that restriction to those pitch angles might lead to an overestimate of flux increases. Otherwise, the results explain the observed limitation of the range of flux enhancements between a few keV and a few hundred keV. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Birn, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jbirn@lanl.gov RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012 NR 32 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1825 EP 1833 DI 10.1063/1.1704641 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600016 ER PT J AU Finn, JM Chacon, L AF Finn, JM Chacon, L TI Control of linear and nonlinear resistive wall modes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; PLASMA ROTATION; TEARING MODES; EXTERNAL-MODES; BETA-LIMIT; DIII-D; TOKAMAKS; IDEAL; SHELL; INSTABILITIES AB Control of linear and nonlinear resistive wall modes (RWMs) is studied with a model that assumes: (1) a single Fourier harmonic of the normal component of the magnetic field is measured at the resistive wall; and (2) the control applied consists of that same harmonic at a larger radius, the control surface. For this model, it is shown that real gain G(r) (zero phase shift) is exactly equivalent to having a perfectly conducting wall between the actual resistive wall and the control surface. It is also shown that imaginary gain G(i) (pi/2 phase shift) is exactly equivalent to the rotation of the resistive wall, which is in turn equivalent to plasma rotation. If there are two resistive walls separated by an insulator, G(i) is equivalent to the rotation of the outer wall, and this effective differential rotation of the resistive walls can stabilize the modes for arbitrary plasma rotation. Complex gain G(r)+iG(i) is equivalent to a closer conducting wall with rotation of the resistive wall. These equivalences are exact in two-dimensional linear theory (single Fourier harmonic k), and are good approximations when there is a spectrum of k. It is also shown in this slab model that "mode control," used in DIII-D [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)], is equivalent to higher G(r). Two-dimensional nonlinear simulations of control of RWM driven by current and pressure are presented. Investigations are shown of the validity of the feedback equivalences in nonlinear theory, showing that the equivalences hold to a good approximation even when a spectrum of k is present. It is found that the real gain required to give benign saturation of the nonlinear RWMs can be much less than that required for linear stabilization, particularly near the threshold for instability with a perfectly conducting wall. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Finn, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1866 EP 1878 DI 10.1063/1.1689966 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600021 ER PT J AU Berger, RL Clark, DS Solodov, AA Valeo, EJ Fisch, NJ AF Berger, RL Clark, DS Solodov, AA Valeo, EJ Fisch, NJ TI Inverse bremsstrahlung stabilization of noise in the generation of ultrashort intense pulses by backward Raman amplification SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; INHOMOGENEOUS-PLASMA; LASER-PULSES; SCATTERING; MEDIA; BEAMS AB Inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of the pump laser beam in a backward Raman amplifier over the round-trip light transit time through the subcritical density plasma can more than double the electron temperature of the plasma and produce time-varying axial temperature gradients. The resulting increased Landau damping of the plasma wave and detuning of the resonance can act to stabilize the pump against unwanted amplification of Langmuir noise without disrupting nonlinear amplification of the femtosecond seed pulse. Because the heating rate increases with the charge state Z, only low-Z plasmas (hydrogen, helium, or helium-hydrogen mixtures) will maintain a low enough temperature for efficient operation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berger, RL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM berger5@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 1931 EP 1937 DI 10.1063/1.1695356 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600027 ER PT J AU Waisman, EM Cuneo, ME Stygar, WA Lemke, RW Struve, KW Wagoner, TC AF Waisman, EM Cuneo, ME Stygar, WA Lemke, RW Struve, KW Wagoner, TC TI Wire array implosion characteristics from determination of load inductance on the Z pulsed-power accelerator SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCHES AB The time-dependent inductance of Z pinches and other loads on the Z pulsed-power accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories [R. B. Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] is determined by using electrical measurements and a lumped-circuit analysis. One finds that Sigma(k)alpha(k)V(k)-LI=d(LlIl)/dt, where Sigma(k)alpha(k)V(k) is the weighted sum of the Z-insulator-stack voltages, L is the equivalent inductance of the magnetically insulated transmission lines connecting the stack to the load, I is the added current for those lines, L-l is the load inductance, and I-l is the load current. L-l obtained from this expression is used to reconstruct the motion of the outer edge of wire-array Z-pinch loads, providing an estimate of the time at which the cores start moving significantly from their initial position. Results are consistent with previous optical measurements suggesting that core motion is delayed with respect to a zero-dimensional thin-shell model of the implosion. These results provide useful insights and constraints in experimental and theoretical research of wire arrays precursor and imploding plasma properties. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Waisman, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2009 EP 2013 DI 10.1063/1.1689969 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600036 ER PT J AU Moody, JD Williams, EA Lours, L Sanchez, JJ Berger, RL Collins, GA Decker, CB Divol, L Glenzer, SH Hammel, BA Jones, R Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL MacGowan, BJ Pipes, J Suter, LJ Thoe, R Unites, W Young, PE AF Moody, JD Williams, EA Lours, L Sanchez, JJ Berger, RL Collins, GA Decker, CB Divol, L Glenzer, SH Hammel, BA Jones, R Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL MacGowan, BJ Pipes, J Suter, LJ Thoe, R Unites, W Young, PE TI First measurement of backscatter dependence on ion acoustic damping in a high density helium/hydrogen laser-plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HOHLRAUM PLASMAS; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; IGNITION; FLUCTUATIONS; DECAY; WAVES; TARGETS; LIGHT AB The dependence of stimulated backward and forward scattered light on ion acoustic damping (nu(i)) is measured for the first time in a long scale length He/H-2 composition plasma at a density of 0.08 critical for 351-nm laser light. Both the stimulated Raman and Brillouin backscattering decrease with increasing ion acoustic damping. Modeling of the backward scattering agrees with the measurements when the Langmuir and ion acoustic fluctuations saturate at deltan/n=0.01 and 0.001, respectively. These low saturation levels cannot be explained using standard nonlinear wave decay saturation mechanisms and may indicate that other saturation mechanisms are active in this plasma. Modeling of the forward scattering agrees qualitatively with the measurements and provides an estimate of the density fluctuations in the plasma. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Moody, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2060 EP 2067 DI 10.1063/1.1701894 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600042 ER PT J AU Finn, JM Lapenta, G Li, H AF Finn, JM Lapenta, G Li, H TI Similarity solutions for magnetic bubble expansion SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS; RECONNECTION; EVOLUTION; DRIVEN; SUSTAINMENT; INSTABILITY; ARCADES; DISK AB A model for an expanding magnetic bubble or plasmoid is introduced, corresponding to a large aspect ratio torus, having one-dimensional (cylindrical) symmetry but with three dimensional expansion, with the length of the cylinder expanding in time in the same manner as the radius. This model has a general class of similarity equations in ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) for spherical expansion. There are two parameters c, d characterizing the similarity solutions, depending on boundary conditions and conservation relations. These solutions exhibit either tangential discontinuities or shocks at the boundary, depending on the values of the constants c and d. Some of the solutions have magnetic fluxes within the bubble increasing with time, but with smaller or zero magnetic fields outside the bubble, requiring a shock and a dynamo in the shock region. The results of simulations of one class of solutions with a Lagrangian MHD code show good agreement. Some of the properties of fully toroidal solutions of the similarity equations are derived. This model has applications to a magnetic bubble from an accretion disk around an active galactic nucleus (AGN), appropriate to the phase in which the bubble has expanded to a size much greater than the disk field length scales but much smaller than any exterior scales. At this stage the magnetic reconnection and flux conversion stage associated with setting up the expanding bubble is completed. The model may also apply to a plasmoid formed in the solar corona. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Lapenta, Giovanni/0000-0002-3123-4024 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2082 EP 2096 DI 10.1063/1.1710899 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600045 ER PT J AU van Milligen, BP Sanchez, R Carreras, BA AF van Milligen, BP Sanchez, R Carreras, BA TI Probabilistic finite-size transport models for fusion: Anomalous transport and scaling laws SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; SOC-DIFFUSIVE DYNAMICS; RANDOM-WALKS; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; PLASMA-CONFINEMENT; TOKAMAK; PARADIGM; BEHAVIOR; DEVICES; EDGE AB Transport in fusion plasmas in the low confinement mode is characterized by several remarkable properties: the anomalous scaling of transport with system size, stiff (or "canonical") profiles, power degradation, and rapid transport phenomena. The present article explores the possibilities of constructing a unified transport model, based on the continuous-time random walk, in which all these phenomena are handled adequately. The resulting formalism appears to be sufficiently general to provide a sound starting point for the development of a full-blown plasma transport code, capable of incorporating the relevant microscopic transport mechanisms, and allowing predictions of confinement properties. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Asoc EURATOM CIEMAT Fus, Madrid 28040, Spain. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Leganes 28911, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Asoc EURATOM CIEMAT Fus, Avda Compultense 22, Madrid 28040, Spain. RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008; van Milligen, Boudewijn/H-5121-2015 OI van Milligen, Boudewijn/0000-0001-5344-6274 NR 45 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2272 EP 2285 DI 10.1063/1.1701893 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600063 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Kesner, J Mauel, ME AF Ryutov, DD Kesner, J Mauel, ME TI Magnetic field perturbations in closed-field-line systems with zero toroidal magnetic field SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID REVERSED CONFIGURATIONS; DIPOLE AB In some plasma confinement systems [e.g., field-reversed configurations (FRC) and levitated dipoles] the confinement is provided by a closed-field-line poloidal magnetic field. The influence of the magnetic field perturbations on the structure of the magnetic field in such systems is considered and it is found that the effect of perturbations is quite different from that in the systems with a substantial toroidal field. In particular, even infinitesimal perturbations can, in principle, lead to large radial excursions of the field lines in FRCs and levitated dipoles. Under such circumstances, particle drifts and particle collisions may give rise to significant neoclassical transport. Introduction of a weak regular toroidal magnetic field reduces radial excursions of the field lines and neoclassical transport. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Mauel, Michael/0000-0003-2490-7478 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2318 EP 2321 DI 10.1063/1.1690300 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600069 ER PT J AU Hammer, DA Davidson, RC AF Hammer, DA Davidson, RC TI Foreword: Papers from the 45th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 2003 SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Hammer, DA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, 369 Upson Hall LPS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2327 EP 2327 DI 10.1063/1.1755221 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600072 ER PT J AU Kaganovich, ID Polomarov, OV Theodosiou, CE AF Kaganovich, ID Polomarov, OV Theodosiou, CE TI Landau damping and anomalous skin effect in low-pressure gas discharges: Self-consistent treatment of collisionless heating SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; NONLOCAL ELECTRON KINETICS; QUASI-LINEAR THEORY; RF DISCHARGE; RADIOFREQUENCY PLASMAS; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE; ENERGY DISTRIBUTION; GLOW-DISCHARGE; SCATTERING; RESONANCE AB In low-pressure discharges, where the electron mean free path is larger or comparable with the discharge length, the electron dynamics is essentially nonlocal. Moreover, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) deviates considerably from a Maxwellian. Therefore, an accurate kinetic description of the low-pressure discharges requires knowledge of the nonlocal conductivity operator and calculation of the non-Maxwellian EEDF. The previous treatments made use of simplifying assumptions: a uniform density profile and a Maxwellian EEDF. In the present study a self-consistent system of equations for the kinetic description of nonlocal, nonuniform, nearly collisionless plasmas of low-pressure discharges is reported. It consists of the nonlocal conductivity operator and the averaged kinetic equation for calculation of the non-Maxwellian EEDF. This system was applied to the calculation of collisionless heating in capacitively and inductively coupled plasmas. In particular, the importance of accounting for the nonuniform plasma density profile for computing the current density profile and the EEDF is demonstrated. The enhancement of collisionless heating due to the bounce resonance between the electron motion in the potential well and the external rf electric field is investigated. It is shown that a nonlinear and self-consistent treatment is necessary for the correct description of collisionless heating. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Kaganovich, ID (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 74 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2399 EP 2410 DI 10.1063/1.1688792 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600079 ER PT J AU Held, ED Callen, JD Hegna, CC Sovinec, CR Gianakon, TA Kruger, SE AF Held, ED Callen, JD Hegna, CC Sovinec, CR Gianakon, TA Kruger, SE TI Nonlocal closures for plasma fluid simulations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID ELECTRON HEAT-FLOW; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TEARING MODES; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; INSTABILITY; THRESHOLD; TOKAMAK AB The application of fluid models in studies of transport and macroscopic stability of magnetized, nearly collisionless plasmas requires closure relations that are inherently nonlocal. Such closures address the fact that particles are capable of carrying information over macroscopic parallel scale lengths. In this work, generalized closures that embody Landau, collisional and particle-trapping physics are derived and discussed. A gyro/bounce-averaged drift kinetic equation is solved via an expansion in eigenfunctions of the pitch-angle scattering operator and the resulting system of algebraic equations is solved by integrating along characteristics. The desired closure moments take the form of integral equations involving perturbations in the flow and temperature along magnetic field lines. Implementation of the closures in massively parallel plasma fluid simulation codes is also discussed. This implementation includes the use of a semi-implicit time advance of the fluid equations to stabilize the dominant closure terms which are introduced explicitly. Application of the nonlocal, parallel heat flow closure, q(parallel to), in studies of temperature flattening across helical magnetic islands in toroidal geometry reveal a scaling of temperature versus critical island width for flattening of Tsimilar tow(d)(-1.5). This result predicts more robust flattening at small island widths when compared to the diffusive scaling, Tsimilar tow(d)(-1.7), which assumes a Braginskii-type parallel heat conductivity. Preliminary application of q(parallel to) to tokamak disruption simulations shows qualitative agreement of wall heat loads with experimental observations, smooth distribution in toroidal angle, and striation in the poloidal direction along the wall. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Plasma Theory & Computat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Held, ED (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2419 EP 2426 DI 10.1063/1.1645520 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600081 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, AL Menard, JE Wilson, JR Medley, SS Andre, R Phillips, CK Darrow, DS LeBlanc, BP Redi, MH Fisch, NJ Harvey, RW Mau, TK Jaeger, EF Ryan, PM Swain, DW Sabbagh, SA Egedal, J AF Rosenberg, AL Menard, JE Wilson, JR Medley, SS Andre, R Phillips, CK Darrow, DS LeBlanc, BP Redi, MH Fisch, NJ Harvey, RW Mau, TK Jaeger, EF Ryan, PM Swain, DW Sabbagh, SA Egedal, J CA NSTX Team TI Fast ion absorption of the high harmonic fast wave in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID HIGH-BETA PLASMAS; EXPLORATION; TOKAMAKS; NSTX AB Ion absorption of the high harmonic fast wave in a spherical torus [Y.-K. M. Peng , Nucl. Fusion 26, 769 (1986)] is of critical importance to assessing the viability of the wave as a means of heating and driving current. Analysis of recent National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono , Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] shots has revealed that under some conditions when neutral beam and rf power are injected into the plasma simultaneously, a fast ion population with energy above the beam injection energy is sustained by the wave. In agreement with modeling, these experiments find the rf-induced fast ion tail strength and neutron rate at lower B-fields to be less enhanced, likely due to a larger beta profile, which promotes greater off-axis absorption where the fast ion population is small. Ion loss codes find the increased loss fraction with decreased B insufficient to account for the changes in tail strength, providing further evidence that this is a rf interaction effect. Though greater ion absorption is predicted with lower k(parallel to), surprisingly little variation in the tail was observed, along with a neutron rate enhancement with higher k(parallel to). Data from the neutral particle analyzer, neutron detectors, x-ray crystal spectrometer, and Thomson scattering are presented, along with results from the TRANSP [R. J. Hawryluk, Physics of Plasmas Close to Thermonuclear Conditions 1, 19 (1981); J. P. H. E. Ongena , Fusion Technol. 33, 181 (1998)] transport analysis code, ray-tracing codes HPRT [J. Menard , Phys. Plasmas 6, 2002 (1999)], and CURRAY [T. K. Mau , RF Power in Plasmas: 13th Topical Conference (1999), p. 148], full-wave code AORSA [E. F. Jaeger , RF Power in Plasmas: 14th Topical Conference, 2001, p. 369], quasilinear code CQL3D [R. W. Harvey , in Proceedings of the IAEA TCM on Advances in Simulation and Modeling of Thermonuclear Plasmas, 1992], and ion loss codes EIGOL [D. S. Darrow , in Proceedings of the 6th IAEA TCM on Energetic Particles in Magnetic Confinement Systems, 2000, p. 109] and CONBEAM [J. Egedal , Phys. Plasmas 10, 2372 (2003)]. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Rosenberg, AL (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM arosenbe@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2441 EP 2452 DI 10.1063/1.1651099 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600084 ER PT J AU Ware, AS Westerly, D Barcikowski, E Berry, LA Fu, GY Hirshman, SP Lyon, JF Sanchez, R Spong, DA Strickler, DJ AF Ware, AS Westerly, D Barcikowski, E Berry, LA Fu, GY Hirshman, SP Lyon, JF Sanchez, R Spong, DA Strickler, DJ TI Second ballooning stability in high-beta, compact stellarators SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID EQUILIBRIA; BOUNDARIES; SPECTRUM AB Second ballooning stability is examined in quasipoloidally symmetric, compact stellarator configurations. These high-beta (volume-average beta>4%) free-boundary equilibria are calculated using a reference Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator (QPS) configuration. QPS plasmas have low-shear, stellarator-like rotational transform profile with \B\ that is approximately poloidally symmetric. The high-beta QPS equilibria are similar in their magnetic configuration to previously studied tokamak-stellarator hybrids which have a high-shear, tokamak-like rotational transform profile. Both types of configurations have strong magnetic wells and consequently high interchange stability beta limits. Free-boundary QPS equilibria have regions of second stability at high beta. For infinite-n ballooning modes in QPS plasmas, the boundary for first instability is similar to2% and the boundary for second stability is similar to6%. Finite-n ballooning mode calculations show higher beta limits, >5%. Increasing plasma current (for fixed plasma pressure) can lower the finite-n ballooning mode beta limit to =3% by reducing magnetic shear. QPS plasmas with Ohmic current profiles (peaked on-axis) have both a lower infinite-n ballooning beta-limit for the onset of first instability and a higher beta-limit for the onset of second stability relative to QPS plasma with bootstrap current profiles (peaked off-axis). QPS plasmas are stable to low-n ideal magnetohydrodynamic kink modes and vertical modes for values of beta in this range (similar to6%) due to the low level of plasma current in QPS relative to an equivalent tokamak. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain. RP Ware, AS (reprint author), Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM aware@selway.umt.edu RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008; Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2453 EP 2458 DI 10.1063/1.1651101 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600085 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Wukitch, S Bonoli, P Nelson-Melby, E Porkolab, M Wright, JC Basse, N Hubbard, AE Irby, J Lin, L Marmar, ES Mazurenko, A Mossessian, D Parisot, A Rice, J Wolfe, S Phillips, CK Schilling, G Wilson, JR Phillips, P Lynn, A AF Lin, Y Wukitch, S Bonoli, P Nelson-Melby, E Porkolab, M Wright, JC Basse, N Hubbard, AE Irby, J Lin, L Marmar, ES Mazurenko, A Mossessian, D Parisot, A Rice, J Wolfe, S Phillips, CK Schilling, G Wilson, JR Phillips, P Lynn, A TI Investigation of ion cyclotron range of frequencies mode conversion at the ion-ion hybrid layer in Alcator C-Mod SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID INDUCED POLOIDAL FLOW; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; BERNSTEIN WAVES; HEATING EXPERIMENTS; CURRENT DRIVE; PROFILE; TRANSPORT; POWER; TFTR; PHASE AB Mode conversion (MC) of long wavelength fast electromagnetic magnetosonic waves (fast wave, or FW) into shorter wavelength electrostatic (ion-Bernstein, or IBW) or slow electromagnetic (ion cyclotron, or ICW) waves is of great interest in laboratory, magnetic fusion and space physics experiments. Such processes are particularly important in multi-ion species plasmas. In this paper we report recent results from high power ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating experiments in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Mode converted waves near the He-3-H hybrid layer have been detected by means of phase contrast imaging in H(He-3,D) plasmas [E. Nelson-Melby , Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 155004 (2003)]. The measured wave k spectrum and spatial location are in agreement with theoretical predictions [F. W. Perkins, Nucl. Fusion 17, 1197 (1977)], which showed that in a sheared magnetic field, mode-conversion of FW into ICW may dominate over IBW for appropriate ion species (i.e., D-T, or equivalently, H-He-3). Recent modeling with full wave codes, as well as solving the hot plasma dispersion equation in the presence of sheared magnetic fields, verifies the interpretation of such a mode conversion process. Thus, the geometry of the magnetic field, as well as the particular ion species mix, influences the physics of ICRF mode conversion. In this paper, we also report recent results on the study of mode conversion electron heating (MCEH) in D(H) plasmas [Y. Lin , Plasmas Phys. Controlled Fusion 45, 1013 (2003)]. By comparing the experimentally measured MCEH profile with modeling, the study shows that the MC ICW may make a significant contribution to the direct electron heating when the D-H hybrid layer is off axis on the high field side. Preliminary results of mode conversion poloidal plasma flow drive experiments in D(He-3) are also reported. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ylin@psfc.mit.edu RI Lin, Yijun/B-5711-2009; Lin, Liang/H-2255-2011; OI Basse, Nils/0000-0002-4513-8869 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2466 EP 2472 DI 10.1063/1.1651489 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600087 ER PT J AU Wright, JC Bonoli, PT Brambilla, M Meo, F D'Azevedo, E Batchelor, DB Jaeger, EF Berry, LA Phillips, CK Pletzer, A AF Wright, JC Bonoli, PT Brambilla, M Meo, F D'Azevedo, E Batchelor, DB Jaeger, EF Berry, LA Phillips, CK Pletzer, A TI Full wave simulations of fast wave mode conversion and lower hybrid wave propagation in tokamaks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID ALCATOR-C-MOD; ION-CYCLOTRON; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PLASMAS; FREQUENCY AB Fast wave (FW) studies of mode conversion (MC) processes at the ion-ion hybrid layer in toroidal plasmas must capture the disparate scales of the FW and mode converted ion Bernstein and ion cyclotron waves. Correct modeling of the MC layer requires resolving wavelengths on the order of k(perpendicular to)rho(i)similar to1 which leads to a scaling of the maximum poloidal mode number, M-max, proportional to 1/rho(*) (rho(*)equivalent torho(i)/L). The computational resources needed scale with the number of radial (N-r), poloidal (N-theta), and toroidal (N-phi) elements as N-r * N-phi * N-theta(3). Two full wave codes, a massively-parallel-processor (MPP) version of the TORIC-2D finite Larmor radius code [M. Brambilla, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 41, 1 (1999)] and also an all orders spectral code AORSA2D [E. F. Jaeger , Phys. Plasmas 9, 1873 (2002)], have been developed which for the first time are capable of achieving the resolution and speed necessary to address mode conversion phenomena in full two-dimensional (2-D) toroidal geometry. These codes have been used in conjunction with theory and experimental data from the Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson , Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] to gain new understanding into the nature of FWMC in tokamaks. The massively-parallel-processor version of TORIC is also now capable of running with sufficient resolution to model planned lower hybrid range of frequencies experiments in the Alcator C-Mod. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jcwright@mit.edu RI Meo, Fernando/A-3937-2012 NR 20 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2473 EP 2479 DI 10.1063/1.1652731 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600088 ER PT J AU Fiore, CL Bonoli, PT Ernst, DR Hubbard, AE Greenwald, MJ Lynn, A Marmar, ES Phillips, P Redi, MH Rice, JE Wolfe, SM Wukitch, SJ Zhurovich, K AF Fiore, CL Bonoli, PT Ernst, DR Hubbard, AE Greenwald, MJ Lynn, A Marmar, ES Phillips, P Redi, MH Rice, JE Wolfe, SM Wukitch, SJ Zhurovich, K TI Control of internal transport barriers on Alcator C-Mod SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; DIII-D; DISCHARGES; CONFINEMENT AB Recent studies of internal transport and double transport barrier regimes in the Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson , Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] have explored the limits for forming, maintaining, and controlling these plasmas. The C-Mod provides a unique platform for studying such discharges: the ions and electrons are tightly coupled by collisions and the plasma has no internal particle or momentum sources. The double-barrier mode comprised of an edge barrier with an internal transport barrier (ITB) can be induced at will using off-axis ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) injection on either the low or high field side of the plasma with either of the available ICRF frequencies (70 or 80 MHz). When an enhanced D-alpha high confinement mode (EDA H-mode) is accessed in Ohmic plasmas, the double barrier ITB forms spontaneously if the H-mode is sustained for similar to2 energy confinement times. The ITBs formed in both Ohmic and ICRF heated plasmas are quite similar regardless of the trigger method. They are characterized by strong central peaking of the electron density, and a reduction of the core particle and energy transport. The control of impurity influx and heating of the core plasma in the presence of the ITB have been achieved with the addition of central ICRF power in both the Ohmic H-mode and ICRF induced ITBs. The radial location of the particle transport barrier is dependent on the toroidal magnetic field but not on the location of the ICRF resonance. A narrow region of decreased electron thermal transport, as determined by sawtooth heat pulse analysis, is found in these plasmas as well. Transport analysis indicates that a reduction of the particle diffusivity in the barrier region allows the neoclassical pinch to drive the density and impurity accumulation in the plasma center. An examination of the gyrokinetic stability at the trigger time for the ITB suggests that the density and temperature profiles are inherently stable to ion temperature gradient and trapped electron modes in the core inside of the ITB location. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Fiore, CL (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM fiore@psfc.mit.edu RI Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010; OI Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2480 EP 2487 DI 10.1063/1.1652785 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600089 ER PT J AU Zonca, F White, RB Chen, L AF Zonca, F White, RB Chen, L TI Nonlinear paradigm for drift wave-zonal flow interplay: Coherence, chaos, and turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID E X B; ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK TURBULENCE; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; RADIAL STRUCTURE; SIMULATIONS; DRIVEN; MODE; EQUATIONS AB Starting from the coherent four-wave drift wave-zonal flow modulation interaction model of Chen, Lin, and White [Phys. Plasmas 7, 3129 (2000)], nonlinear equations for drift wave-zonal flow interplay are systematically derived from first principles for nonuniform toroidal plasmas. The paradigm model, presented here, is based on a hierarchy in nonlinear wave-wave couplings, which assumes that different drift wave interactions on the shortest nonlinear time scale are mediated by zonal flows. The resulting coherent model demonstrates turbulence spreading to be the cause of transport scaling with system size. The nonlinear saturated state can be either coherent, with limit cycles, or chaotic, depending on the proximity to marginal stability. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 CR Frascati, Assoc Euratom ENEA Fus, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Zonca, F (reprint author), CR Frascati, Assoc Euratom ENEA Fus, CP 65, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. RI chen, liu/I-2297-2013; White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; Zonca, Fulvio/I-8236-2016 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Zonca, Fulvio/0000-0002-9270-4704 NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2488 EP 2496 DI 10.1063/1.1652811 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600090 ER PT J AU Chu, MS Bondeson, A Chance, MS Liu, YQ Garofalo, AM Glasser, AH Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Lao, LL Navratil, GA Okabayashi, M Remierdes, H Scoville, JT Strait, EJ AF Chu, MS Bondeson, A Chance, MS Liu, YQ Garofalo, AM Glasser, AH Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Lao, LL Navratil, GA Okabayashi, M Remierdes, H Scoville, JT Strait, EJ TI Modeling of feedback and rotation stabilization of the resistive wall mode in tokamaks SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID ACTIVE FEEDBACK; EXTERNAL-MODES; DESIGN; SHEAR; ITER AB Steady-state operation of the advanced tokamak reactor relies on maintaining plasma stability with respect to the resistive wall mode (RWM). Active magnetic feedback and plasma rotation are the two methods proposed and demonstrated for this purpose. A comprehensive modeling effort including both magnetic feedback and plasma rotation is needed for understanding the physical mechanisms of the stabilization and to project to future devices. For plasma with low rotation, a complete solution for the feedback issue is obtained by assuming the plasma obeys ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) and utilizing a normal mode approach (NMA) [M. S. Chu , Nucl. Fusion 43, 441 (2003)]. It is found that poloidal sensors are more effective than radial sensors and coils inside of the vacuum vessel more effective than outside. For plasmas with non-negligible rotation, a comprehensive linear nonideal MHD code, the MARS-F has been found to be suitable. MARS-F [Y. Q. Liu , Phys. Plasmas 7, 3681 (2000)] has been benchmarked in the ideal MHD limit against the NMA. The effect of rotation stabilization of the plasma depends on the plasma dissipation model. Broad qualitative features of the experiment are reproduced. Rotation reduces the feedback gain required for RWM stabilization. Reduction is significant when rotation is near the critical rotation speed needed for stabilization. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [R. Aymar , Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 44, 519 (2002)] (scenario IV for advanced tokamak operation) may be feedback stabilized with beta above the no wall limit and up to an increment of similar to50% towards the ideal limit. Rotation further improves the stability. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chu, MS (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM chum@gav.gat.com NR 28 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2497 EP 2504 DI 10.1063/1.1652876 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600091 ER PT J AU Strait, EJ Bialek, JM Bogatu, IN Chance, MS Chu, MS Edgell, DH Garofalo, AM Jackson, GL Jayakumar, RJ Jensen, TH Katsuro-Hopkins, O Kim, JS La Haye, RJ Lao, LL Makowski, MA Navratil, GA Okabayashi, M Reimerdes, H Scoville, JT Turnbull, AD AF Strait, EJ Bialek, JM Bogatu, IN Chance, MS Chu, MS Edgell, DH Garofalo, AM Jackson, GL Jayakumar, RJ Jensen, TH Katsuro-Hopkins, O Kim, JS La Haye, RJ Lao, LL Makowski, MA Navratil, GA Okabayashi, M Reimerdes, H Scoville, JT Turnbull, AD CA DIII-D Team TI Resistive wall mode stabilization with internal feedback coils in DIII-D SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID ERROR FIELD AMPLIFICATION; PLASMA ROTATION; HIGH-BETA; ADVANCED TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; PROFILES; DESIGN; SHEAR; LIMIT; SHELL AB A set of twelve coils for stability control has recently been installed inside the DIII-D [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] vacuum vessel, offering faster time response and a wider range of applied mode spectra than the previous external coils. Stabilization of the n=1 ideal kink mode is crucial to many high beta, steady-state tokamak scenarios. A resistive wall converts the kink to a slowly growing resistive wall mode (RWM). With feedback-controlled error field correction, rotational stabilization of the RWM has been sustained for more than 2.5 s. Using the internal coils, the required correction field is smaller than with the external coils, consistent with a better match to the mode spectrum of the error field. Initial experiments in direct feedback control have stabilized the RWMs at higher beta and lower rotation than could be achieved by the external coils in similar plasmas, in qualitative agreement with numerical modeling. The new coils have also allowed wall stabilization in plasmas with toroidal beta up to 6%, almost 50% greater than the no wall limit. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Far Tech Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Strait, EJ (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM strait@fusion.gat.com NR 37 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2505 EP 2513 DI 10.1063/1.1666238 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600092 ER PT J AU Petty, CC Luce, TC McDonald, DC Mandrekas, J Wade, MR Candy, J Cordey, JG Drozdov, V Evans, TE Ferron, JR Groebner, RJ Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Osborne, TH Waltz, RE AF Petty, CC Luce, TC McDonald, DC Mandrekas, J Wade, MR Candy, J Cordey, JG Drozdov, V Evans, TE Ferron, JR Groebner, RJ Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Osborne, TH Waltz, RE TI Beta scaling of transport on the DIII-D Tokamak: Is transport electrostatic or electromagnetic? SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID ADVANCED TOROIDAL FACILITY; PLASMA-CONFINEMENT; HELIUM TRANSPORT; DENSITY LIMITS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; GRADIENT; MODES; FIELD; MICROTURBULENCE; DISCHARGES AB Determining the scaling of transport with beta (beta), the ratio of the plasma kinetic pressure to the magnetic pressure, helps to differentiate between various proposed theories of turbulent transport since mechanisms that are primarily electrostatic show little change in transport with increasing beta, while primarily electromagnetic mechanisms generally have a strong unfavorable beta scaling. Experiments on the DIII-D tokamak [J.L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] have measured the beta scaling of heat transport with all of the other dimensionless parameters held constant in high confinement mode (H-mode) plasmas with edge localized modes. A four point scan varied beta from 30% to 85% of the ideal ballooning stability limit (normalized beta from 1.0 to 2.8) and found no change in the normalized confinement time, i.e., Btau(th)proportional tobeta(-0.01+/-0.09). The measured thermal diffusivities, normalized to the Bohm diffusion coefficient, also did not vary during the beta scan to within the experimental uncertainties, whereas the normalized helium particle transport decreased with increasing beta. The H-mode pedestal beta varied in concert with the core beta and showed no signs of saturation. This weak, possibly nonexistent, beta scaling of transport favors primarily electrostatic mechanisms such as ExB transport, and is in marked disagreement with the strong unfavorable beta dependence contained in empirical scaling relations derived from multimachine H-mode confinement databases. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM petty@fusion.gat.com NR 45 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2514 EP 2522 DI 10.1063/1.1666263 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600093 ER PT J AU Belova, EV Davidson, RC Ji, H Yamada, M AF Belova, EV Davidson, RC Ji, H Yamada, M TI Kinetic effects on the stability properties of field-reversed configurations. II. Nonlinear evolution SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID INTERNAL TILT MODE; ROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; GYROVISCOUS STABILITY; THETA-PINCH; PLASMA; GENERATION; PROFILE AB Results of three-dimensional hybrid simulations of the field-reversed configuration (FRC) are presented. Emphasis of this work is on the nonlinear evolution of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in kinetic FRCs. A wide range of (s) over bar values is considered, where the (s) over bar is the FRC kinetic parameter, which measures the number of ion gyroradii in the configuration. The linear and nonlinear stability of MHD modes with toroidal mode numbers ngreater than or equal to1 is investigated, including the effects of ion rotation, finite electron pressure, and weak toroidal field. Low-(s) over bar simulations show nonlinear saturation of the n=1 tilt mode. The ngreater than or equal to2 rotational modes are observed to grow during the nonlinear phase of the tilt instability due to ion spin-up in the toroidal direction. Large-(s) over bar simulations show no saturation of the tilt mode, and there is a slow nonlinear evolution of the instability after the initial fast linear growth. Overall, the hybrid simulations demonstrate the importance of nonlinear effects, which are responsible for the saturation of instabilities in low-(s) over bar configurations, and also for the increase in FRC lifetime compared to MHD models in high-(s) over bar configurations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Belova, EV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ebelova@pppl.gov RI Yamada, Masaaki/D-7824-2015 OI Yamada, Masaaki/0000-0003-4996-1649 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2523 EP 2531 DI 10.1063/1.1666293 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600094 ER PT J AU Intrator, T Zhang, SY Degnan, JH Furno, I Grabowski, C Hsu, SC Ruden, EL Sanchez, PG Taccetti, JM Tuszewski, M Waganaar, WJ Wurden, GA AF Intrator, T Zhang, SY Degnan, JH Furno, I Grabowski, C Hsu, SC Ruden, EL Sanchez, PG Taccetti, JM Tuszewski, M Waganaar, WJ Wurden, GA TI A high density field reversed configuration (FRC) target for magnetized target fusion: First internal profile measurements of a high density FRC SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID CONVERGING FLUX CONSERVER; AXIAL DYNAMICS; THETA-PINCH; PLASMA; COMPRESSION AB Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is a potentially low cost path to fusion, intermediate in plasma regime between magnetic and inertial fusion energy. It requires compression of a magnetized target plasma and consequent heating to fusion relevant conditions inside a converging flux conserver. To demonstrate the physics basis for MTF, a field reversed configuration (FRC) target plasma has been chosen that will ultimately be compressed within an imploding metal liner. The required FRC will need large density, and this regime is being explored by the FRX-L (FRC-Liner) experiment. All theta pinch formed FRCs have some shock heating during formation, but FRX-L depends further on large ohmic heating from magnetic flux annihilation to heat the high density (2-5x10(22) m(-3)), plasma to a temperature of T-e+T(i)approximate to500 eV. At the field null, anomalous resistivity is typically invoked to characterize the resistive like flux dissipation process. The first resistivity estimate for a high density collisional FRC is shown here. The flux dissipation process is both a key issue for MTF and an important underlying physics question. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Intrator, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2580 EP 2585 DI 10.1063/1.1689666 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600101 ER PT J AU Gorelenkov, NN Belova, E Berk, HL Cheng, CZ Fredrickson, E Heidbrink, WW Kaye, S Kramer, GJ AF Gorelenkov, NN Belova, E Berk, HL Cheng, CZ Fredrickson, E Heidbrink, WW Kaye, S Kramer, GJ TI Beam ion driven instabilities in the National Spherical Tokamak Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; FUSION TEST REACTOR; TORUS EXPERIMENT; DIII-D; TOROIDICITY; EXCITATION; PHYSICS; PLASMAS; MODES; DESIGN AB Recent progress in the analysis of the low and high frequency beam ion driven instabilities in the National Spherical Tokamak Experiment (NSTX) [S. Kaye , Fusion Technol. 36, 16 (1999)] plasma is reported. The low Alfven speed with respect to the beam ion injection velocity in NSTX offers a window in the plasma parameter space to study instabilities driven by super-Alfvenic fusion alphas, which are expected in the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor-ITER [D. J. Campbell, Phys. Plasmas 8, 2041 (2001)]. Low frequency magnetic field activities identified as an instability of toroidicity-induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) have been observed in NSTX and analyzed with the linear hybrid kinetic magnetohydrodynamic stability code NOVA-K [C. Z. Cheng, Phys. Rep. 1, 211 (1992)]. The comparison between the TAE analysis and observations in NSTX and DIII-D [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] similarity experiments confirms that the toroidal mode number of the most unstable TAE modes scales with q(-2) and is independent of plasma major radius, where q is the safety factor. This scaling helps validate the predictive capability of the NOVA-K code for studying TAE stability in future burning plasma devices. The subion cyclotron frequency magnetic activities in NSTX are identified as compressional and global shear Alfven eigenmodes (AEs) (CAEs and GAEs). CAE and GAE instabilities are driven by beam ions via the Doppler shifted cyclotron resonance by the velocity space bump-on-tail distribution function in the perpendicular velocity. Results of the GAE/CAE theoretical and numerical analysis are presented. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ngorelen@pppl.gov RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2586 EP 2593 DI 10.1063/1.1689667 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600102 ER PT J AU Parker, SE Chen, Y Wan, W Cohen, BI Nevins, WM AF Parker, SE Chen, Y Wan, W Cohen, BI Nevins, WM TI Electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID SHEAR-ALFVEN WAVES; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT TURBULENCE; KINETIC ELECTRON CLOSURES; TRANSPORT; DRIFT; PLASMAS; DRIVEN; COLLISIONLESS; DYNAMICS; TOKAMAKS AB A new electromagnetic kinetic electron deltaf particle simulation model has been demonstrated to work well at large values of plasma beta times the ion-to-electron mass ratio [Y. Chen and S. E. Parker, J. Comput. Phys. 198, 463 (2003)]. The simulation is three-dimensional using toroidal flux-tube geometry and includes electron-ion collisions. The model shows accurate shear Alfven wave damping and microtearing physics. Zonal flows with kinetic electrons are found to be turbulent with the spectrum peaking at zero and having a width in the frequency range of the driving turbulence. This is in contrast with adiabatic electron cases where the zonal flows are near stationary, even though the linear behavior of the zonal flow is not significantly affected by kinetic electrons. Zonal fields are found to be very weak, consistent with theoretical predictions for beta below the kinetic ballooning limit. Detailed spectral analysis of the turbulence data is presented in the various limits. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Parker, SE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2594 EP 2599 DI 10.1063/1.1689668 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600103 ER PT J AU Greenfield, CM Murakami, M Ferron, JR Wade, MR Luce, TC Petty, CC Menard, JE Petrie, TW Allen, SL Burrell, KH Casper, TA DeBoo, JC Doyle, EJ Garofalo, AM Gorelov, IA Groebner, RJ Hobirk, J Hyatt, AW Jayakumar, RJ Kessel, CE La Haye, RJ Jackson, GL Lohr, J Makowski, MA Pinsker, RI Politzer, PA Prater, R Strait, EJ Taylor, TS West, WP AF Greenfield, CM Murakami, M Ferron, JR Wade, MR Luce, TC Petty, CC Menard, JE Petrie, TW Allen, SL Burrell, KH Casper, TA DeBoo, JC Doyle, EJ Garofalo, AM Gorelov, IA Groebner, RJ Hobirk, J Hyatt, AW Jayakumar, RJ Kessel, CE La Haye, RJ Jackson, GL Lohr, J Makowski, MA Pinsker, RI Politzer, PA Prater, R Strait, EJ Taylor, TS West, WP CA DIII-D Team TI High performance advanced tokamak regimes in DIII-D for next-step experiments SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIERS; CYCLOTRON CURRENT DRIVE; NEOCLASSICAL TEARING MODES; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; RESISTIVE WALL MODE; ARBITRARY COLLISIONALITY; COMPLETE SUPPRESSION; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; ASPECT RATIO; PLASMA AB Advanced Tokamak (AT) research in DIII-D [K. H. Burrell for the DIII-D Team, in Proceedings of the 19th Fusion Energy Conference, Lyon, France, 2002 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2002) published on CD-ROM] seeks to provide a scientific basis for steady-state high performance operation in future devices. These regimes require high toroidal beta to maximize fusion output and poloidal beta to maximize the self-driven bootstrap current. Achieving these conditions requires integrated, simultaneous control of the current and pressure profiles, and active magnetohydrodynamic stability control. The building blocks for AT operation are in hand. Resistive wall mode stabilization via plasma rotation and active feedback with nonaxisymmetric coils allows routine operation above the no-wall beta limit. Neoclassical tearing modes are stabilized by active feedback control of localized electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD). Plasma shaping and profile control provide further improvements. Under these conditions, bootstrap supplies most of the current. Steady-state operation requires replacing the remaining Ohmic current, mostly located near the half radius, with noninductive external sources. In DIII-D this current is provided by ECCD, and nearly stationary AT discharges have been sustained with little remaining Ohmic current. Fast wave current drive is being developed to control the central magnetic shear. Density control, with divertor cryopumps, of AT discharges with edge localized moding H-mode edges facilitates high current drive efficiency at reactor relevant collisionalities. A sophisticated plasma control system allows integrated control of these elements. Close coupling between modeling and experiment is key to understanding the separate elements, their complex nonlinear interactions, and their integration into self-consistent high performance scenarios. Progress on this development, and its implications for next-step devices, will be illustrated by results of recent experiment and simulation efforts. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2616 EP 2626 DI 10.1063/1.1692133 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600106 ER PT J AU Luce, TC Wade, MR Ferron, JR Politzer, PA Hyatt, AW Sips, ACC Murakami, M AF Luce, TC Wade, MR Ferron, JR Politzer, PA Hyatt, AW Sips, ACC Murakami, M TI High performance stationary discharges in the DIII-D tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID ADVANCED SCENARIOS; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; ASDEX UPGRADE; MODES; BETA; TRANSPORT; FUSION; STABILIZATION; SUSTAINMENT; PROGRESS AB Recent experiments in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] have demonstrated high beta with good confinement quality under stationary conditions. Two classes of stationary discharges are observed-low q(95) discharges with sawteeth and higher q(95) without sawteeth. The discharges are deemed stationary when the plasma conditions are maintained for times greater than the current profile relaxation time. In both cases the normalized fusion performance (beta(N)H(89P)/q(95)(2)) reaches or exceeds the value of this parameter projected for Q(fus)=10 in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design [R. Aymar , Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 44, 519 (2002)]. The presence of sawteeth reduces the maximum achievable normalized beta, while confinement quality (confinement time relative to scalings) is largely independent of q(95). Even with the reduced beta limit, the normalized fusion performance maximizes at the lowest q(95). Projections to burning plasma conditions are discussed, including the methodology of the projection and the key physics issues which still require investigation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, IPP, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2627 EP 2636 DI 10.1063/1.1704644 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600107 ER PT J AU Ernst, DR Bonoli, PT Catto, PJ Dorland, W Fiore, CL Granetz, RS Greenwald, M Hubbard, AE Porkolab, M Redi, MH Rice, JE Zhurovich, K AF Ernst, DR Bonoli, PT Catto, PJ Dorland, W Fiore, CL Granetz, RS Greenwald, M Hubbard, AE Porkolab, M Redi, MH Rice, JE Zhurovich, K CA Alcator C-Mod Grp TI Role of trapped electron mode turbulence in internal transport barrier control in the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT TURBULENCE; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; DIII-D TOKAMAK; ENHANCED CONFINEMENT; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; TOROIDAL ROTATION; FIELD SHEAR; PLASMAS; SIMULATIONS AB Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of trapped electron mode (TEM) turbulence, within an internal particle transport barrier, are performed and compared with experimental data. The results provide a mechanism for transport barrier control with on-axis radio frequency heating, as demonstrated in Alcator C-Mod experiments [S. J. Wukitch , Phys. Plasmas 9, 2149 (2002)]. Off-axis heating produces an internal particle and energy transport barrier after the transition to enhanced Dalpha high confinement mode. The barrier foot reaches the half-radius, with a peak density 2.5 times the edge density. While the density profile peaks, the temperature profile remains relatively unaffected. The peaking and concomitant impurity accumulation are controlled by applying modest central heating power late in the discharge. Gyrokinetic turbulence simulations of the barrier formation phase, using the GS2 code [W. Dorland , Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5579 (2000)] show that toroidal ion temperature gradient driven modes are suppressed inside the barrier foot, but continue to dominate in the outer half-radius. As the density gradient steepens further, trapped electron modes are driven unstable. The onset of TEM turbulence produces an outflow that strongly increases with the density gradient, upon exceeding a new nonlinear critical density gradient, which significantly exceeds the linear critical density gradient. The TEM turbulent outflow ultimately balances the inward Ware pinch, leading to steady state. Moreover, the simulated turbulent particle diffusivity matches that inferred from particle balance using measured density profile data and the calculated Ware pinch. This turbulent diffusivity exhibits a strong unfavorable temperature dependence that allows control with central heating. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ernst, DR (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 167 Albany St,NW16-258, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dernst@psfc.mit.edu RI Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010; Dorland, William/B-4403-2009; OI Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809; Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 66 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2637 EP 2648 DI 10.1063/1.1705653 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600108 ER PT J AU Tang, XZ Boozer, AH AF Tang, XZ Boozer, AH TI Current drive by coaxial helicity injection in a spherical torus SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID STEADY-STATE; MAGNETIC HELICITY; PLASMA; RELAXATION AB Noninductive current drive by coaxial helicity injection can be understood through the poloidal flux evolution of the toroidally averaged magnetic field (B) over bar (0). In the open flux region of (B) over bar (0), electrostatic biasing provides an effective loop voltage that overcomes the resistive decay and supports the dynamo loop voltage in the closed flux region via the primary nonaxisymmetric open field line kinks. The current gradient in the closed flux region of (B) over bar (0) drives secondary nonaxisymmetric closed flux magnetohydrodynamical modes that facilitate further current relaxation toward the magnetic axis. The decreasing parallel current gradient and high-q magnetic surfaces as one approaches the magnetic axis implies that the eventual current relaxation consistent with magnetic confinement must benefit from a cascade of weaker and comparatively short wavelength modes localized to the high-q resonant home flux surfaces. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Tang, XZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xtang@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2679 EP 2687 DI 10.1063/1.1707025 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600111 ER PT J AU Yaakobi, B Meyerhofer, DD Boehly, TR Rehr, JJ Remington, BA Allen, PG Pollaine, SM Albers, RC AF Yaakobi, B Meyerhofer, DD Boehly, TR Rehr, JJ Remington, BA Allen, PG Pollaine, SM Albers, RC TI Extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements of laser shocks in Ti and V and phase transformation in Ti SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID DEBYE-WALLER FACTORS; HIGH-PRESSURE; STRAIN-RATE AB A laser-source-based extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurement has been used to study the properties of laser-shocked metals on a nanosecond time scale. The ability of measuring shock-induced temperatures of the order of 0.1 eV is essentially unique to EXAFS. EXAFS measurement of vanadium shocked to similar to0.5 Mbar with a 3 ns laser pulse yields a compression and temperature in good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations and with shock-speed measurements. In laser-shocked titanium at the same pressure, the EXAFS modulation damping is much higher than warranted by the increase in temperature. This is explained by the alpha-Ti to omega-Ti phase transformation known to occur around similar to0.1 Mbar in the longer (mus) shocks obtained in gas-gun experiments. In the omega-Ti phase, the disparate neighbor distances cause a beating of the modulation frequencies and thus an increased damping. These results demonstrate that EXAFS measurements can be used for the study of nanosecond-scale shocks and phase transformation in metals. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87555 USA. RP Yaakobi, B (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2688 EP 2695 DI 10.1063/1.1644673 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600112 ER PT J AU Parker, K Horsfield, CJ Rothman, SD Batha, SH Balkey, MM Delamater, ND Fincke, JR Hueckstaedt, RM Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR AF Parker, K Horsfield, CJ Rothman, SD Batha, SH Balkey, MM Delamater, ND Fincke, JR Hueckstaedt, RM Lanier, NE Magelssen, GR TI Observation and simulation of plasma mix after reshock in a convergent geometry SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; CONFINEMENT FUSION IMPLOSIONS; RADIATIVELY DRIVEN SHOCKS; OMEGA-LASER SYSTEM; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRY; NOVA LASER; TARGETS; GROWTH AB Experiments to study the effect of a second, counterpropagating shock on the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in a convergent, compressible system have been performed on the Omega Laser [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] at the University of Rochester. Direct laser illumination of a cylindrical target launches a strong shock across hydrodynamically unstable interfaces formed between an epoxy ablator material on the outside, a buried aluminum marker layer and low-density CH foam on the inside. The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability mixes the marker into the two adjacent materials. Of particular interest is what happens when the mixing region is reshocked by using a second, coaxial central cylinder to reflect the incident shock back into the mixing region. These experiments have been extensively modeled, in two dimensions, using the hydrocodes NYM [P. D. Roberts , J. Phys. D 13, 1957 (1980)], PETRA [D. L. Youngs, Physica D 12, 32 (1984)], and RAGE [R. M. Baltrusaitis , Phys. Fluids 8, 2471 (1996)]. Good agreement is shown between the simulations and experimental data. C1 Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parker, K (reprint author), Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2696 EP 2701 DI 10.1063/1.1647131 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600113 ER PT J AU Cohen, DH MacFarlane, JJ Jaanimagi, P Landen, OL Haynes, DA Conners, DS Penrose, KL Shupe, NC AF Cohen, DH MacFarlane, JJ Jaanimagi, P Landen, OL Haynes, DA Conners, DS Penrose, KL Shupe, NC TI Tracer spectroscopy diagnostics of doped ablators in inertial confinement fusion experiments on OMEGA SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS; LASER AB A technique has been developed for studying the time-dependent, local physical conditions in ablator samples in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) hohlraum environment. This technique involves backlit point-projection absorption spectroscopy of thin tracer layers buried in the interior of solid samples mounted on laser-driven hohlraums. It is shown how detailed view-factor, atomic, hydrodynamics, and radiation-transport modeling can be used to infer time-dependent physical conditions in the interiors of these samples from the observed absorption spectra. This modeling is applied to the results of an experimental campaign on the OMEGA laser [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] designed to compare radiation-wave velocities in doped and undoped ICF ablator materials. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cohen, DH (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM dcohen1@swarthmore.edu RI Isaak, David/K-4051-2014; OI Isaak, David/0000-0002-9548-3855; Kwan, Y. Kathy/0000-0002-5668-4232; Cohen, David/0000-0003-2995-4767 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2702 EP 2708 DI 10.1063/1.1647135 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600114 ER PT J AU Stevenson, RM Suter, LJ Oades, K Kruer, W Slark, GE Fournier, KB Meezan, N Kauffman, R Miller, M Glenzer, S Niemann, C Grun, J Davis, J Back, C Thomas, B AF Stevenson, RM Suter, LJ Oades, K Kruer, W Slark, GE Fournier, KB Meezan, N Kauffman, R Miller, M Glenzer, S Niemann, C Grun, J Davis, J Back, C Thomas, B TI Effects of plasma composition on backscatter, hot electron production, and propagation in underdense plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; ION WAVES; LASER; TARGETS; BRILLOUIN; DESIGN; DECAY AB A series of underdense laser plasma interaction experiments performed on the Helen laser [M. J. Norman , Appl. Opt. 41, 3497 (2002)] at the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE), U.K., using 2omega light have uncovered a strong dependence of laser backscatter and hot electron production on plasma composition. Using low-Z materials, we find a behavior familiar from previous 3omega work, the interchange of stimulated Raman scattering for Brillouin scattering as we change from gases that have high ion wave damping (e.g., C5H12) to gases with low ion wave damping (e.g., CO2). However, as Z is increased, we find that Brillouin scattering drops while Raman scattering remains low. For gases with Z greater than 18, it is possible to have long scalelength, underdense plasmas with both low Brillouin and Raman backscatter losses. Complementary measurements of hot electron production show efficient production of hot electrons in C5H12 plasmas approaching 0.25n(cr), but changing the plasma composition can greatly suppress the hot electron production, even near 0.25n(cr). Additional experiments indicate that by adding small amounts of high Z dopant, significant changes to the backscatter and hot electron production in C5H12 targets may be produced. C1 Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. RP Stevenson, RM (reprint author), Atom Weapons Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2709 EP 2715 DI 10.1063/1.1651490 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600115 ER PT J AU Wilson, DC Cranfill, CW Christensen, C Forster, RA Peterson, RR Hoffman, NM Pollak, GD Li, CK Seguin, FH Frenje, JA Petrasso, RD McKenty, PW Marshall, FJ Glebov, VY Stoeckl, C Schmid, GJ Izumi, N Amendt, P AF Wilson, DC Cranfill, CW Christensen, C Forster, RA Peterson, RR Hoffman, NM Pollak, GD Li, CK Seguin, FH Frenje, JA Petrasso, RD McKenty, PW Marshall, FJ Glebov, VY Stoeckl, C Schmid, GJ Izumi, N Amendt, P TI Multifluid interpenetration mixing in directly driven inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID LASER-FUSION; OMEGA; SYSTEM AB Mixing between the shell and fuel in directly driven single shell capsule implosions causes changes in yield, burn history, burn temperature, areal density, x-ray image shape, and the presence of atomic mix. Most observations are consistent with a mix model using the same values of its single free parameter as with indirectly driven single shell and double shell capsules. Greater mixing at lower gas pressure fills reduces capsule yield. Time dependent mixing growth causes truncation of the burn history. This emphasizes early yield from the center of the capsule, raising the observed burn temperature. Mixed fuel areal densities are lower because fuel moves through the shell and the observation weights earlier times when areal density is lower. Shell x-ray emission mixing into the fuel fills in the limb brightened image to produce a central peak. Implosions of He-3 filled capsules with a layer of deuterated plastic show substantial atomic mix. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dcw@lanl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2723 EP 2728 DI 10.1063/1.1667486 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600117 ER PT J AU Garasi, CJ Bliss, DE Mehlhorn, TA Oliver, BV Robinson, AC Sarkisov, GS AF Garasi, CJ Bliss, DE Mehlhorn, TA Oliver, BV Robinson, AC Sarkisov, GS TI Multi-dimensional high energy density physics modeling and simulation of wire array Z-pinch physics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID X-RAY POWER; DYNAMIC-HOHLRAUMS; INSTABILITY AB The two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) versions of ALEGRA-HEDP [A. C. Robinson and C. J. Garasi, "Three-dimensional Z-pinch wire array modeling," Computer Physics Communications, submitted] have been utilized to simulate discrete wire effects including precursor formation in 2D (r-theta plane) and nonuniform axial ablation (3D). Comparisons made between 2D and 3D simulations indicate that 2D simulations overestimate the mass ablation rate by a factor of 10-100 with respect to the 3D case, causing pre-mature motion of the array with respect to experimental data. Additionally, the 2D case advects a factor of 5 more current to axis than the 3D case. The integrity of the simulations is assessed by comparing the results to laser imaging of wire ablation and array trajectory information inferred from visible and x-ray imaging. Comparisons to previously proposed ablation models are also presented. These simulations represent the first high-fidelity three-dimensional calculations of wire-array pinch geometries. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Garasi, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 32 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2729 EP 2737 DI 10.1063/1.1683506 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600118 ER PT J AU Suter, LJ Glenzer, S Haan, S Hammel, B Manes, K Meezan, N Moody, J Spaeth, M Divol, L Oades, K Stevenson, M AF Suter, LJ Glenzer, S Haan, S Hammel, B Manes, K Meezan, N Moody, J Spaeth, M Divol, L Oades, K Stevenson, M TI Prospects for high-gain, high yield National Ignition Facility targets driven by 2 omega (green) light SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; ND-GLASS LASER; ROSSELAND MEAN OPACITY; HOHLRAUM PLASMAS; DESIGN; BRILLOUIN; MIXTURE AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) [J. A. Paisner, E. M. Campbell, and W. J. Hogan, Fusion Technol. 26, 755 (1994)], operating at green (2omega) light, has the potential to drive ignition targets with significantly more energy than the 1.8 MJ it will produce with its baseline, blue (3omega) operations. This results in a greatly increased "target design space," providing a number of exciting opportunities for fusion research. These include the prospect of ignition experiments with capsules absorbing energies in the vicinity of 1 MJ. This significant increase in capsule absorbed energy over the original designs at similar to150 kJ could allow high-gain, high yield experiments on NIF. This paper reports the progress made exploring 2omega for NIF ignition, including potential 2omega laser performance, 2omega ignition target designs, and 2omega laser plasma interaction studies. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Atom Weapons Estab, Aldermaston, England. RP Suter, LJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2738 EP 2745 DI 10.1063/1.1687725 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600119 ER PT J AU Norreys, PA Lancaster, KL Murphy, CD Habara, H Karsch, S Clarke, RJ Collier, J Heathcote, R Hemandez-Gomez, C Hawkes, S Neely, D Hutchinson, MHR Evans, RG Borghesi, M Romagnani, L Zepf, M Akli, K King, JA Zhang, B Freeman, RR MacKinnon, AJ Hatchett, SP Patel, P Snavely, R Key, MH Nikroo, A Stephens, R Stoeckl, C Tanaka, KA Norimatsu, T Toyama, Y Kodama, R AF Norreys, PA Lancaster, KL Murphy, CD Habara, H Karsch, S Clarke, RJ Collier, J Heathcote, R Hemandez-Gomez, C Hawkes, S Neely, D Hutchinson, MHR Evans, RG Borghesi, M Romagnani, L Zepf, M Akli, K King, JA Zhang, B Freeman, RR MacKinnon, AJ Hatchett, SP Patel, P Snavely, R Key, MH Nikroo, A Stephens, R Stoeckl, C Tanaka, KA Norimatsu, T Toyama, Y Kodama, R TI Integrated implosion/heating studies for advanced fast ignition SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID LASER; TRANSPORT AB Integrated experiments to investigate the ultrafast heating of implosions using cone/shell geometries have been performed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The experiments used the 1054 nm, nanosecond, 0.9 kJ output of the VULCAN Nd:glass laser to drive 486 mum diameter, 6 mum wall thickness Cu-doped deuterated plastic (CD) shells in 6-beam cubic symmetry. Measurements of the opacity of the compressed plasma using two-dimensional spatially resolved Ti-K-alpha x-ray radiography suggest that densities of 4 g cm-3 and areal densities of 40 mg cm-2 were achieved at stagnation. Upper limits on the heating with both 1 ps and 10 ps pulses were deduced from the fluorescent yield from the Cu dopant. The data suggest that control of the preformed plasma scale-length inside the cone is necessary for efficient coupling to the compressed plasma. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Pure & Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka 5650841, Japan. RP Norreys, PA (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Toyama, Yusuke/H-8023-2012; Borghesi, Marco/K-2974-2012; Zepf, Matt/M-1232-2014; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Norimatsu, Takayoshi/I-5710-2015; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016; OI Toyama, Yusuke/0000-0003-3230-1062; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2746 EP 2753 DI 10.1063/1.1688790 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600120 ER PT J AU Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Rogers, FJ Pollaine, SM Landen, OL Blancard, C Faussurier, G Renaudin, P Kuhlbrodt, S Redmer, R AF Gregori, G Glenzer, SH Rogers, FJ Pollaine, SM Landen, OL Blancard, C Faussurier, G Renaudin, P Kuhlbrodt, S Redmer, R TI Electronic structure measurements of dense plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; COMPTON-SCATTERING; IMPULSE APPROXIMATION; MOMENTUM-DENSITY; LIQUID-METALS; EXPANSION; PROFILES; STATE; SHELL; GAS AB This paper presents an improved analytical expression for the x-ray dynamic structure factor from a dense plasma which includes the effects of weakly bound electrons. This result can be applied to describe scattering from low to moderate Z plasmas, and it covers the entire range of plasma conditions that can be found in inertial confinement fusion experiments, from ideal to degenerate up to moderately coupled systems. The theory is used to interpret x-ray scattering experiments from solid density carbon plasmas and to extract accurate measurements of electron temperature, electron density, and charge state. The experimental results are applied to validate various equation-of-state models for carbon plasmas. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CEA, DAM Ile France, Dept Phys Ther & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Gregori, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 NR 52 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2754 EP 2762 DI 10.1063/1.1689664 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600121 ER PT J AU Christensen, CR Wilson, DC Barnes, CW Grim, GP Morgan, GL Wilke, MD Marshall, FJ Glebov, VY Stoeckl, C AF Christensen, CR Wilson, DC Barnes, CW Grim, GP Morgan, GL Wilke, MD Marshall, FJ Glebov, VY Stoeckl, C TI The influence of asymmetry on mix in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR; MODEL AB The mix of shell material into the fuel of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions is thought to be a major cause of the failure of most ICF experiments to achieve the fusion yield predicted by computer codes. Implosion asymmetry is a simple measurable quantity that is expected to affect the mix. In order to measure the coupling of asymmetry to mix in ICF implosions, we have performed experiments on the OMEGA laser [T. R. Boehly , Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 508 (1995)] that vary the energy of each of the sixty beams individually to achieve a given fraction of L2, the second-order Legendre polynomial. Prolate, symmetric, and oblate implosions resulted. Three different fill pressures were used. Simultaneous x-ray and neutron images were obtained. The experiments were modeled with a radiation/hydrodynamics code using the multi-fluid interpenetration mix model of Scannapieco and Cheng. It fits the data well with a single value of its one adjustable parameter (0.07+/-0.01). This agreement is demonstrated by neutron yield, x-ray images, neutron images, and ion temperatures. The degree of decline of the neutron yield with asymmetry at different fill pressures provides a hard constraint on ICF mix modeling. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Christensen, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cchristensen@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2771 EP 2777 DI 10.1063/1.1690760 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600123 ER PT J AU Olson, RE Leeper, RJ Nobile, A Oertel, JA Chandler, GA Cochrane, K Dropinski, SC Evans, S Haan, SW Kaae, JL Knauer, JP Lash, K Mix, LP Nikroo, A Rochau, GA Rivera, G Russell, C Schroen, D Sebring, RJ Tanner, DL Turner, RE Wallace, RJ AF Olson, RE Leeper, RJ Nobile, A Oertel, JA Chandler, GA Cochrane, K Dropinski, SC Evans, S Haan, SW Kaae, JL Knauer, JP Lash, K Mix, LP Nikroo, A Rochau, GA Rivera, G Russell, C Schroen, D Sebring, RJ Tanner, DL Turner, RE Wallace, RJ TI Shock propagation, preheat, and x-ray burnthrough in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion ablator materials SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; CAPSULE DESIGN; TARGET DESIGN; LASER; NIF; BERYLLIUM; OMEGA; FABRICATION; EQUATION; UPDATE AB The velocities and temperatures of shock waves generated by laser-driven hohlraum radiation fields have been measured in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule ablator materials. Time-resolved measurements of the preheat temperature ahead of the shock front have been performed and included in the analysis. Measurements of the x-ray burnthrough of the ablation front and the ablator x-ray re-emission have also been made in the Cu-doped beryllium, polyimide, and Ge-doped CH ablator samples. The experiments utilize 15 beams of the University of Rochester Omega Laser [Soures , Phys. Plasmas 3, 2108 (1996)] to heat hohlraums to radiation temperatures of similar to120-200 eV. In the experiments, planar samples of ablator material are exposed to the hohlraum radiation field, generating shocks in the range of 10-50 Mbars. The experimental results are compared to integrated two-dimensional Lasnex [G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 2, 51 (1975)] calculations, in which the measured laser pulse is used as input and the time-dependent ultraviolet shock breakout and soft x-ray ablator burnthrough are calculated quantities. It is found that proper calculation of the time-dependent hohlraum x-ray flux, including spectral content, and the ablator opacity will be essential for obtaining the level of predictive capabilities required for the thermonuclear ignition of an ICF capsule at the U.S. National Ignition Facility [E. I. Moses, Fusion Technol. 44, 11 (2003)]. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2778 EP 2789 DI 10.1063/1.1691032 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600124 ER PT J AU McKenty, PW Sangster, TC Alexander, M Betti, R Craxton, RS Delettrez, JA Elasky, L Epstein, R Frank, A Glebov, VY Goncharov, VN Harding, DR Jin, S Knauer, JP Keck, RL Loucks, SJ Lund, LD McCrory, RL Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, DD Regan, SP Radha, PB Roberts, S Seka, W Skupsky, S Smalyuk, VA Soures, JM Thorp, KA Wozniak, M Frenje, JA Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Fletcher, KA Padalino, S Freeman, C Izumi, N Koch, JA Lerche, RA Moran, MJ Phillips, TW Schmid, GJ Sorce, C AF McKenty, PW Sangster, TC Alexander, M Betti, R Craxton, RS Delettrez, JA Elasky, L Epstein, R Frank, A Glebov, VY Goncharov, VN Harding, DR Jin, S Knauer, JP Keck, RL Loucks, SJ Lund, LD McCrory, RL Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, DD Regan, SP Radha, PB Roberts, S Seka, W Skupsky, S Smalyuk, VA Soures, JM Thorp, KA Wozniak, M Frenje, JA Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Fletcher, KA Padalino, S Freeman, C Izumi, N Koch, JA Lerche, RA Moran, MJ Phillips, TW Schmid, GJ Sorce, C TI Direct-drive cryogenic target implosion performance on OMEGA SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID CONFINEMENT FUSION-TARGETS; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; CURRENT-MODE DETECTORS; LASER; REDUCTION; CAPSULES; IMPRINT AB Layered and characterized cryogenic D-2 capsules have been imploded using high-contrast pulse shapes on the 60-beam OMEGA laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics [T. R. Boehly , Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. These experiments measure the sensitivity of the direct-drive implosion performance to parameters such as the inner-ice-surface roughness, the adiabat of the fuel during the implosion, and the laser power balance. The goal is to demonstrate a high neutron-averaged fuel rhoR with low angular variance using a scaled, alphasimilar to3 ignition pulse shape driving a scaled all-DT ignition capsule. Results are reported with improvements in target layering and characterization and in laser pointing and target positioning on the OMEGA laser over previous experiments [T. C. Sangster , Phys. Plasmas 10, 1937 (2003)]. These capsules have been imploded using up to 23 kJ of 351-nm laser light with an on-target energy imbalance of less than 2% rms, full beam smoothing (1-THz bandwidth, two-dimensional smoothing by spectral dispersion, and polarization smoothing), and new, optimized, distributed phase plates. Pulse shapes include high-adiabat (similar to25) square pulses and low-adiabat (<5) shaped pulses. The data from neutron and charged-particle diagnostics, as well as static and time-resolved x-ray images of the imploding core, are compared with one- and two-dimensional numerical simulations. Scaling of target performance to a weighted quadrature of inner-ice roughness at the end of the acceleration phase is investigated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. SUNY Coll Geneseo, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McKenty, PW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Goncharov, Valeri/H-4471-2011; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2790 EP 2797 DI 10.1063/1.1692106 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600125 ER PT J AU Drake, RP Leibrandt, DR Harding, EC Kuranz, CC Blackburn, MA Robey, HF Remington, BA Edwards, MJ Miles, AR Perry, TS Wallace, RJ Louis, H Knauer, JP Arnett, D AF Drake, RP Leibrandt, DR Harding, EC Kuranz, CC Blackburn, MA Robey, HF Remington, BA Edwards, MJ Miles, AR Perry, TS Wallace, RJ Louis, H Knauer, JP Arnett, D TI Nonlinear mixing behavior of the three-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability at a decelerating interface SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID OMEGA-LASER-SYSTEM; SINGLE-MODE; NOVA LASER; SUPERNOVA; GROWTH; HYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATIONS; EVOLUTION; RELEVANT AB Results are reported from the first experiments to explore the evolution of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability from intentionally three-dimensional (3D) initial conditions at an embedded, decelerating interface in a high-Reynolds-number flow. The experiments used similar to5 kJ of laser energy to produce a blast wave in polyimide and/or brominated plastic having an initial pressure of similar to50 Mbars. This blast wave shocked and then decelerated the perturbed interface between the first material and lower-density C foam. This caused the formation of a decelerating interface with an Atwood number similar to2/3, producing a long-term positive growth rate for the RT instability. The initial perturbations were a 3D perturbation in an "egg-crate" pattern with feature spacings of 71 mum in two orthogonal directions and peak-to-valley amplitudes of 5 mum. The resulting RT spikes appear to overtake the shock waves, moving at a large fraction of the predeceleration, "free-fall" velocity. This result was unanticipated by prior simulations and models. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. RP Drake, RP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2829 EP 2837 DI 10.1063/1.1651492 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600130 ER PT J AU Gibson, DJ Anderson, SG Barty, CPJ Betts, SM Booth, R Brown, WJ Crane, JK Cross, RR Fittinghoff, DN Hartemann, FV Kuba, J Le Sage, GP Slaughter, DR Tremaine, AM Wootton, AJ Hartouni, EP Springer, PT Rosenzweig, JB AF Gibson, DJ Anderson, SG Barty, CPJ Betts, SM Booth, R Brown, WJ Crane, JK Cross, RR Fittinghoff, DN Hartemann, FV Kuba, J Le Sage, GP Slaughter, DR Tremaine, AM Wootton, AJ Hartouni, EP Springer, PT Rosenzweig, JB TI PLEIADES: A picosecond Compton scattering x-ray source for advanced backlighting and time-resolved material studies SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID LASER SYNCHROTRON SOURCE; THOMSON SCATTERING; SHORT-PULSE; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; GENERATION; DIFFRACTION; BEAMS; RADIATION; ACCELERATOR; ELECTRONS AB The PLEIADES (Picosecond Laser-Electron Inter-Action for the Dynamical Evaluation of Structures) facility has produced first light at 70 keV. This milestone offers a new opportunity to develop laser-driven, compact, tunable x-ray sources for critical applications such as diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility and time-resolved material studies. The electron beam was focused to 50 mum rms, at 57 MeV, with 260 pC of charge, a relative energy spread of 0.2%, and a normalized emittance of 5 mm mrad horizontally and 13 mm mrad vertically. The scattered 820 nm laser pulse had an energy of 180 mJ and a duration of 54 fs. Initial x rays were captured with a cooled charge-coupled device using a cesium iodide scintillator; the peak photon energy was approximately 78 keV, with a total x-ray flux of 1.3x10(6) photons/shot, and the observed angular distribution found to agree very well with three-dimensional codes. Simple K-edge radiography of a tantalum foil showed good agreement with the theoretical divergence-angle dependence of the x-ray energy. Optimization of the x-ray dose is currently under way, with the goal of reaching 10(8) photons/shot and a peak brightness approaching 10(20) photons/mm(2)/mrad(2)/s/0.1% bandwidth. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Gibson, DJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-280,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gibson23@llnl.gov OI Hartouni, Edward/0000-0001-9869-4351 NR 32 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2857 EP 2864 DI 10.1063/1.1646160 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600134 ER PT J AU Roy, PK Yu, SS Eylon, S Henestroza, E Anders, A Bieniosek, FM Greenway, WG Logan, BG Waldron, WL Vanecek, DL Welch, DR Rose, DV Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Gilson, EP Sefkow, AB Sharp, WM AF Roy, PK Yu, SS Eylon, S Henestroza, E Anders, A Bieniosek, FM Greenway, WG Logan, BG Waldron, WL Vanecek, DL Welch, DR Rose, DV Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Gilson, EP Sefkow, AB Sharp, WM TI Results on intense beam focusing and neutralization from the neutralized beam experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; SELF-PINCHED TRANSPORT; CHAMBER TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; PLASMA; DRIVEN; REACTOR; CHARGE AB Experimental techniques to provide active neutralization for space-charge-dominated beams as well as to prevent uncontrolled ion beam neutralization by stray electrons have been demonstrated. Neutralization is provided by a localized plasma injected from a cathode arc source. Unwanted secondary electrons produced at the wall by halo particle impact are suppressed using a radial mesh liner that is positively biased inside a beam drift tube. Measurements of current transmission, beam spot size as a function of axial position, beam energy, and plasma source conditions are presented along with detailed comparisons with theory. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roy, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 36 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2890 EP 2898 DI 10.1063/1.1652712 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600138 ER PT J AU Leemans, WP van Tilborg, J Faure, J Geddes, CGR Toth, C Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Fubiani, G Dugan, G AF Leemans, WP van Tilborg, J Faure, J Geddes, CGR Toth, C Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Fubiani, G Dugan, G TI Terahertz radiation from laser accelerated electron bunches SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; WAKEFIELD ACCELERATORS; GENERATION; BEAM; PULSES; BREAKING AB Coherent terahertz and millimeter wave radiation from laser accelerated electron bunches has been measured. The bunches were produced by tightly focusing (spot diameter approximate to6 mum) a high peak power (up to 10 TW), ultra-short (greater than or equal to50 fs) laser pulse from a high repetition rate (10 Hz) laser system (0.8 mum), onto a high density (>10(19) cm(-3)) pulsed gas jet of length approximate to1.5 mm. As the electrons exit the plasma, coherent transition radiation is generated at the plasma-vacuum boundary for wavelengths long compared to the bunch length. Radiation in the 0.3-19 THz range and at 94 GHz has been measured and found to depend quadratically on the bunch charge. The measured radiated energy for two different collection angles is in good agreement with theory. Modeling indicates that optimization of this table-top source could provide more than 100 muJ/pulse. Together with intrinsic synchronization to the laser pulse, this will enable numerous applications requiring intense terahertz radiation. This radiation can also be used as a powerful tool for measuring the properties of laser accelerated bunches at the exit of the plasma accelerator. Preliminary spectral measurements indicates that bunches as short as 30-50 fs have been produced in these laser driven accelerators. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Tech Univ Eindhoven, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. RP Leemans, WP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wpleemans@lbl.gov OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 NR 29 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2899 EP 2906 DI 10.1063/1.1652834 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600139 ER PT J AU Vay, JL Colella, P Kwan, JW McCorquodale, P Serafini, DB Friedman, A Grote, DP Westenskow, G Adam, JC Heron, A Haber, I AF Vay, JL Colella, P Kwan, JW McCorquodale, P Serafini, DB Friedman, A Grote, DP Westenskow, G Adam, JC Heron, A Haber, I TI Application of adaptive mesh refinement to particle-in-cell simulations of plasmas and beams SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID HEAVY-ION FUSION; PROGRESS AB Plasma simulations are often rendered challenging by the disparity of scales in time and in space which must be resolved. When these disparities are in distinctive zones of the simulation domain, a method which has proven to be effective in other areas (e.g., fluid dynamics simulations) is the mesh refinement technique. A brief discussion of the challenges posed by coupling this technique with plasma particle-in-cell simulations is given, followed by a presentation of examples of application in heavy ion fusion and related fields which illustrate the effectiveness of the approach. Finally, a report is given on the status of a collaboration under way at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory between the Applied Numerical Algorithms Group (ANAG) and the Heavy Ion Fusion group to upgrade ANAG's mesh refinement library Chombo to include the tools needed by particle-in-cell simulation codes. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ecole Polytech, CPHT, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Vay, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jlvay@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2928 EP 2934 DI 10.1063/1.1689669 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600142 ER PT J AU Rosocha, LA Coates, DM Platts, D Stange, S AF Rosocha, LA Coates, DM Platts, D Stange, S TI Plasma-enhanced combustion of propane using a silent discharge SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON COLLISIONS; METHANE; FIELD; AIR; HYDROCARBONS; IONIZATION; OXIDATION; IGNITION AB It is well known that applying an electric field to a flame can affect its propagation speed, stability, and combustion chemistry. External electrodes, arc discharges, plasma jets, and corona discharges have been employed to allow combustible gas mixtures to operate outside their flammability limits or to increase combustion speed. Previously reported experiments have involved silent electrical discharges applied to propagating flames. These demonstrated that the flame propagation velocity can be increased when the discharge is applied to the unburned gas mixture upstream of a flame. In contrast, the work reported here used a coaxial-cylinder, nonthermal, silent discharge plasma reactor to activate a propane gas stream before it was mixed with air and ignited. With the plasma, the physical appearance of the flame changes (increased stability) and substantial changes in mass spectrometer peaks are observed, indicating that the combustion process is enhanced with the application of the plasma. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rosocha, LA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rosocha@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2950 EP 2956 DI 10.1063/1.1688788 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600145 ER PT J AU Dunaevsky, A Fisch, NJ AF Dunaevsky, A Fisch, NJ TI Operation of ferroelectric plasma sources in a gas discharge mode SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID VACUUM SURFACE FLASHOVER; ELECTRON-EMISSION; PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSFORMER; MECHANISM; CATHODES; SHEATH AB Ferroelectric plasma sources in vacuum are known as sources of ablative plasma, formed due to surface discharge. In this paper, observations of a gas discharge mode of operation of the ferroelectric plasma sources (FPS) are reported. The gas discharge appears at pressures between similar to20 and similar to80 Torr. At pressures of 1-20 Torr, there is a transition from vacuum surface discharge to the gas discharge, when both modes coexist and the surface discharges sustain the gas discharge. At pressures between 20 and 80 Torr, the surface discharges are suppressed, and FPS operates in pure gas discharge mode, with the formation of almost uniform plasma along the entire surface of the ceramics between strips. The density of the expanding plasma is estimated to be about 10(13) cm(-3) at a distance of 5.5 mm from the surface. The power consumption of the discharge is comparatively low, making it useful for various applications. This paper also presents direct measurements of the yield of secondary electron emission from ferroelectric ceramics, which, at low energies of primary electrons, is high and dependent on the polarization of the ferroelectric material. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA. RP Dunaevsky, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Plainsboro, NJ 08536 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2957 EP 2963 DI 10.1063/1.1692162 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600146 ER PT J AU Murillo, MS AF Murillo, MS TI Strongly coupled plasma physics and high energy-density matter SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID ONE-COMPONENT-PLASMA; EQUATION-OF-STATE; CRYSTALLIZED ION PLASMAS; YUKAWA SYSTEMS; LIQUIDS; TRAP AB High energy-density matter-matter with pressures in excess of a megabar-covers a wide range of parameter space. Many laboratory experiments span a large portion of this parameter space as they evolve from a liquid or solid phase through the strongly coupled plasma phase to a hot plasma phase. This tutorial will introduce the basic physics of the intermediate, strongly coupled plasma phase from a very general point of view, including a discussion of experiments, such as laser-cooled ions, dusty plasmas, and white dwarfs. Basic definitions and results will be given for simple strongly coupled plasmas in the context of concepts familiar from weakly coupled plasma physics, to the extent possible. Definitions relevant to high energy-density physics are then introduced before focusing on dense plasmas, which form the overlap between the strongly coupled and high energy-density regions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Plasma Theory Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2964 EP 2971 DI 10.1063/1.1652853 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600147 ER PT J AU Ji, HT Brown, M Hsu, SC Li, H Drake, RP AF Ji, HT Brown, M Hsu, SC Li, H Drake, RP TI Mini-conference and related sessions on laboratory plasma astrophysics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics of the American-Physical-Society CY NOV, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Phys Soc ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; INSTABILITY; TRANSPORT; FIELDS; THIN AB This paper provides a summary of some major physics issues and future perspectives discussed in the Mini-Conference on Laboratory Plasma Astrophysics. This mini-conference, sponsored by the Topical Group on Plasma Astrophysics, was held as part of the American Physical Society's Division of Plasma Physics 2003 Annual Meeting (October 27-31, 2003). Also included are brief summaries of selected talks on the same topic presented at two invited paper sessions (including a tutorial) and two contributed focus oral sessions, which were organized in coordination with the mini-conference by the same organizers. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Organizat Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Magnet Self Organizat Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Ctr Magnet Self Organizat Lab & Astrophys Plasmas, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hji@pppl.gov RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAY PY 2004 VL 11 IS 5 BP 2976 EP 2983 DI 10.1063/1.1687726 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 816PU UT WOS:000221122600149 ER PT J AU Fearey, BL White, PC Ledger, JS Immele, JD AF Fearey, BL White, PC Ledger, JS Immele, JD TI Readers weigh options for bunker busting weapons SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fearey, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAY PY 2004 VL 57 IS 5 BP 15 EP 16 DI 10.1063/1.1768658 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 816VK UT WOS:000221137200007 ER PT J AU Cuneo, ME AF Cuneo, ME TI Lasers feel the Z-pinch SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT News Item C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cuneo, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 BP 27 EP 28 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 838EJ UT WOS:000222696000029 ER PT J AU Weber, APM Oesterhelt, C Gross, W Brautigam, A Imboden, LA Krassovskaya, I Linka, N Truchina, J Schneidereit, J Voll, H Voll, LM Zimmermann, M Jamai, A Riekhof, WR Yu, B Garavito, RM Benning, C AF Weber, APM Oesterhelt, C Gross, W Brautigam, A Imboden, LA Krassovskaya, I Linka, N Truchina, J Schneidereit, J Voll, H Voll, LM Zimmermann, M Jamai, A Riekhof, WR Yu, B Garavito, RM Benning, C TI EST-analysis of the thermo-acidophilic red microalga Galdieria sulphuraria reveals potential for lipid A biosynthesis and unveils the pathway of carbon export from rhodoplasts SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyanidiales; EST-analysis; extremophile; genomics ID ALGA CYANIDIOSCHYZON-MEROLAE; UPPER TEMPERATURE LIMIT; CYANIDIUM-CALDARIUM; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; THERMOANAEROBACTER-ETHANOLICUS; SULFOLOBUS-ACIDOCALDARIUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GLYCOLATE METABOLISM; ENVELOPE MEMBRANE; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE AB When we think of extremophiles, organisms adapted to extreme environments, prokaryotes come to mind first. However, the unicellular red micro-alga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiales) is a eukaryote that can represent up to 90% of the biomass in extreme habitats such as hot sulfur springs with pH values of 0-4 and temperatures of up to 56 degreesC. This red alga thrives autotrophically as well as heterotrophically on more than 50 different carbon sources, including a number of rare sugars and sugar alcohols. This biochemical versatility suggests a large repertoire of metabolic enzymes, rivaled by few organisms and a potentially rich source of thermo-stable enzymes for biotechnology. The temperatures under which this organism carries out photosynthesis are at the high end of the range for this process, making G. sulphuraria a valuable model for physical studies on the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, the gene sequences of this living fossil reveal much about the evolution of modern eukaryotes. Finally, the alga tolerates high concentrations of toxic metal ions such as cadmium, mercury, aluminum, and nickel, suggesting potential application in bioremediation. To begin to explore the unique biology of G. sulphuraria, 5270 expressed sequence tags from two different cDNA libraries have been sequenced and annotated. Particular emphasis has been placed on the reconstruction of metabolic pathways present in this organism. For example, we provide evidence for (i) a complete pathway for lipid A biosynthesis; (ii) export of triose-phosphates from rhodoplasts; (iii) and absence of eukaryotic hexokinases. Sequence data and additional information are available at http://genomics.msu.edu/galdieria. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14476 Golm, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Pflanzenphysiol & Mikrobiol, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Weber, APM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM aweber@msu.edu RI Weber, Andreas/A-4121-2008; Weber, Andreas/A-6250-2011; Yu, Bin/A-7714-2010; Brautigam, Andrea/H-2685-2012 OI Weber, Andreas/0000-0003-0970-4672; Brautigam, Andrea/0000-0002-5309-0527 NR 88 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 55 IS 1 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11103-004-0376-y PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 875EN UT WOS:000225403200002 PM 15604662 ER PT J AU Kende, H Bradford, KJ Brummell, DA Cho, HT Cosgrove, DJ Fleming, AJ Gehring, C Lee, Y McQueen-Mason, S Rose, JKC Voesenek, LACJ AF Kende, H Bradford, KJ Brummell, DA Cho, HT Cosgrove, DJ Fleming, AJ Gehring, C Lee, Y McQueen-Mason, S Rose, JKC Voesenek, LACJ TI Nomenclature for members of the expansin superfamily of genes and proteins SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CELL-WALL EXTENSION; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PLANT EXPANSINS; GRASS-POLLEN; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; ALLERGENS; CLONING C1 Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Crop & Food Res, Palmerston North 5301, New Zealand. Chungnam Natl Univ, Sch Biosci & Biotechnol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 208, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Western Cape, Dept Biotechnol, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Tobacco Sci, Chonju 361763, South Korea. Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Kende, H (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM hkende@msu.edu RI Voesenek, Laurentius/B-9661-2011; Brummell, David/F-1498-2010; OI Brummell, David/0000-0002-2754-6340; Gehring, Christoph/0000-0003-4355-4591 NR 21 TC 106 Z9 216 U1 2 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 55 IS 3 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s11103-004-0158-6 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 879BA UT WOS:000225690200001 PM 15604683 ER PT J AU Sartori, R Saibene, G Horton, LD Becoulet, M Budny, R Borba, D Chankin, A Conway, GD Cordey, G McDonald, D Guenther, K von Hellermann, MG Igithkanov, Y Loarte, A Lomas, PJ Pogutse, O Rapp, J AF Sartori, R Saibene, G Horton, LD Becoulet, M Budny, R Borba, D Chankin, A Conway, GD Cordey, G McDonald, D Guenther, K von Hellermann, MG Igithkanov, Y Loarte, A Lomas, PJ Pogutse, O Rapp, J TI Study of type III ELMs in JET SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; H-MODES; POWER THRESHOLD; HIGH-DENSITY; CONFINEMENT; PHYSICS; PERFORMANCE; BOUNDARIES; OPERATION; DIVERTOR AB This paper presents the results of JET experiments aimed at studying the operational space of plasmas with a Type III ELMy edge, in terms of both local and global plasma parameters. In JET, the Type III ELMy regime has a wide operational space in the pedestal n(e)-T-e diagram, and Type III ELMs are observed in standard ELMy H-modes as well as in plasmas with an internal transport barrier (ITB). The transition from an H-mode with Type III ELMs to a steady state Type I ELMy H-mode requires a minimum loss power, P-TypeI-P-TypeI decreases with increasing plasma triangularity. In the pedestal n(e)-T-e diagram, the critical pedestal temperature for the transition to Type I ELMs is found to be inversely proportional to the pedestal density (T-crit proportional to 1/n) at a low density. In contrast, at a high density, T-crit, does not depend strongly on density. In-the density range where T-crit proportional to 1/n, the critical power required for the transition to Type I ELMs decreases with increasing density. Experimental results are presented suggesting a common mechanism for Type III ELMs at low and high collisionality. A single model for the critical temperature for the transition from Type III to Type I ELMs, based on the resistive interchange instability with magnetic flutter, fits well the density and toroidal field dependence of the JET experimental data. On the other hand, this model fails to describe the variation of the Type III n(e)-T-e operational space with isotopic mass and q(95). Other results are instead suggestive of a different physics for Type III ELMs. At low collisionality, plasma current ramp experiments indicate a role of the edge current in determining the transition from Type III to Type I ELMs, while at high collisionality, a model based on resistive ballooning instability well reproduces, in term of a critical density, the experimentally observed q(95) dependence of the transition from Type I to Type III ELMs. Experimental evidence common to Type III ELMs in standard ELMy H-modes and in plasmas with ITBs indicates that they are driven by the same instability. C1 EFDA Close Support Unit, Garching, DE, Germany. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, IPP, D-85748 Garching, DE, Germany. CE Cadarache, EURATOM Assoc, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Inst Super Tecn, EURATOM Assoc, Ctr Fusao Nucl, P-1096 Lisbon, Portugal. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EURATOM, FOM Rijnhuizen, TEC, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. EURATOM, Teilinst Greifswald, Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. EFDA Close Support Unit, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Sartori, R (reprint author), EFDA Close Support Unit, 2 Boltzmannstr, Garching, DE, Germany. RI Borba, Duarte/K-6148-2015; OI Borba, Duarte/0000-0001-5305-2857; Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280 NR 35 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 723 EP 750 AR PII S0741-3335(04)67415-X DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5/002 PG 28 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 825JH UT WOS:000221752400002 ER PT J AU Hudson, SR Hegna, CC Torasso, R Ware, A AF Hudson, SR Hegna, CC Torasso, R Ware, A TI Marginal stability diagrams for infinite-n ballooning modes in quasi-symmetric stellarators SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARIES AB By varying the pressure-gradient and average shear at a selected surface in a given arbitrary stellarator equilibrium and by inducing a coordinate variation such that the perturbed state remains in equilibrium, a family of magnetohydrodynamic equilibria local to the surface is constructed. The equilibria are parameterized by the pressure-gradient and averaged magnetic shear. The geometry of the surface is not changed. The perturbed equilibria are analysed for infinite-n ballooning stability and marginal stability diagrams are constructed that are analogous to the (s, alpha) diagrams constructed for axisymmetric configurations. The method describes how pressure and rotational-transform gradients influence the local shear, which in turn influences the ballooning stability. Stability diagrams for the quasi-axially symmetric NCSX, a quasi-poloidally symmetric configuration and the quasi-helically symmetric HSX are compared. Regions of second-stability are observed in both NCSX and the quasi-poloidal configuration, whereas no second-stable region is observed for the quasi-helically symmetric device. To explain the different regions of stability, the curvature and local shear of the quasi-poloidal configuration are analysed. The results are seemingly consistent with the following simple explanation: ballooning instability results when the local shear is small in regions of bad curvature with sufficient pressure-gradient. Examples will be given that show that the structure and stability of the ballooning mode is determined by the structure of the potential function arising in the Schrodinger form of the ballooning equation. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Hudson, SR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 5 BP 869 EP 876 AR PII S0741-3335(04)69853-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5/009 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 825JH UT WOS:000221752400009 ER PT J AU Andrew, Y Hawkes, NC O'Mullane, MG Sartori, R de Baar, M Coffey, I Guenther, K Jenkins, I Korotkov, A Lomas, P Matthews, GF Matilal, A Prentice, R Stamp, M Strachan, J de Vries, P AF Andrew, Y Hawkes, NC O'Mullane, MG Sartori, R de Baar, M Coffey, I Guenther, K Jenkins, I Korotkov, A Lomas, P Matthews, GF Matilal, A Prentice, R Stamp, M Strachan, J de Vries, P CA JET EFDA Contributors TI JET divertor geometry and plasma shape effects on the L-H transition threshold SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID HIGH-DENSITY; MODES; PERFORMANCE; POWER AB Results from recent experiments to study the effects of divertor geometry and increased plasma shaping on the L-H transition threshold on JET are reported. Equivalent septum configurations run with the new septum replacement plate (SRP) in the MkII Gas Box divertor have shown that the presence of the septum lowers the L-H transition power threshold, P-th, by 20%. For X-point to virtual septum top distances of less than 6 cm, the SRP plasmas also demonstrate a significant decrease of the L-H Pth and pedestal electron temperature, T-e with reduced X-point height. Although, the SRP plasma's Pth remains above that with the septum, there is no difference in the pedestal T, at the L-H transition. The influence of plasma shaping on the L-H transition has also been investigated for the first time on JET in a series of density scans at I-p/B-t of 2.5 MA/2.7 T. While keeping the lower triangularity, delta(lower), and divertor geometry constant, the upper triangularity, delta(upper), has been increased from 0.23 to 0.34 with no effect on Pth or the pedestal T-e or T-i. In a separate edge n(e) scan, two configurations with different delta(upper)/delta(lower) values of 0.23/0.23 and 0.43/0.33 have been compared. A large difference in the transition threshold is observed at values of edge n(e) above 1.8 x 10(19) m(-3), with the higher delta plasmas characterized by P-th of up to 25% lower at the highest densities scanned. This is thought to be the result of lowered X-point and outer strike point heights with increased delta. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. EURATOM, FOM, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. CSU, EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Andrew, Y (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM yand@jet.uk NR 12 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A87 EP A93 AR PII s0741-3335(04)69950-7 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/009 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300010 ER PT J AU Boivin, RL Casper, T Young, KM AF Boivin, RL Casper, T Young, KM TI Measurement requirements for the advanced tokamak operation of a burning plasma experiment SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID CURRENT DRIVE; DIII-D; DISCHARGES; STABILIZATION; DIAGNOSTICS AB The optimization of a tokamak towards steady. state and high performance has been the focus of advanced tokamak (AT) research for the past decade. A central theme of AT I research line is plasma control: control of the plasma shape; of the profiles of current, pressure, and rotation; of transport; and of MHD stability. To optimize the performance, measurements of crucial parameters such as the current density and the plasma pressure are required with appropriate spatial coverage and resolution. In addition, measurements of other parameters will be necessary to develop a fundamental understanding of the complex nonlinear interactions amongst the current density profile, the pressure profile and transport, (e.g. turbulence) in high beta AT plasmas. Present day experiments are providing physics insight into what a burning plasma experiment (BPX) will, require as measurements. Recent research has focused on MHD stability aspects such as the neoclassical tearing mode and resistive wall mode stabilization and control of the current profile. However, in burning plasmas, new factors such as alpha particles, with their heating contribution and their relationship to transport barriers, will be increasingly important. The close relationship between measurements and active control, and the resultant impact on the requirements, will be discussed. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Boivin, RL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A347 EP A353 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70661-2 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/039 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300040 ER PT J AU Burrell, KH West, WP Doyle, EJ Austin, ME DeGrassie, JS Gohil, P Greenfield, CM Groebner, RJ Jayakumar, R Kaplan, DH Lao, LL Leonard, AW Makowski, MA McKee, GR Solomon, WM Thomas, DM Rhodes, TL Wade, MR Wang, G Watkins, JG Zeng, L AF Burrell, KH West, WP Doyle, EJ Austin, ME DeGrassie, JS Gohil, P Greenfield, CM Groebner, RJ Jayakumar, R Kaplan, DH Lao, LL Leonard, AW Makowski, MA McKee, GR Solomon, WM Thomas, DM Rhodes, TL Wade, MR Wang, G Watkins, JG Zeng, L TI Edge radial electric field structure in quiescent H-mode plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID DOUBLE-BARRIER REGIME; SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; DIAGNOSTICS; SYSTEM; ENERGY AB H-mode operation is the choice for next step tokamak devices based on either conventional or advanced tokamak physics. This choice, however, comes at a significant cost for both the conventional and advanced tokamaks because of the effects of edge localized modes (ELMs). ELMs can produce significant erosion in the divertor and can affect. the beta limit and reduced core transport regions needed for advanced tokamak operation. Experimental results from DIII-D over the past four years have demonstrated a new operating regime, the quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) regime, that solves these problems. QH-mode plasmas have now been run for over 4 s (>30 energy confinement times). Utilizing the steady-state nature of the QH-mode edge allows us to obtain unprecedented spatial resolution of the edge ion profiles and the edge radial electric field, E-r, by sweeping the edge plasma slowly past the view points of the charge exchange spectroscopy system. We have investigated the effects of direct edge ion orbit loss on the creation and sustainment of the QH-mode. Direct loss of ions injected into the velocity-space loss cone at the plasma edge is not necessary for creation or sustainment of-the QH-mode. The direct ion orbit loss has little effect on the edge E, well. The E, at the bottom of the well in these cases is about - 100 kV m(-1) compared with -20 to -30 kV m(-1) in the standard H-mode. The well is about I cm wide, which is close to the diameter of the deuteron gyro-orbit. We also have investigated the effect of changing edge triangularity by, changing the plasma shape from upwardly biased single null to magnetically balanced double null. We have now achieved the QH-mode in these double-null plasmas. The increased triangularity allows us to increase pedestal density in QH-mode plasmas by a factor of about 2.5 and overall pedestal pressure by a factor of 2. Pedestal beta and nu* values matching the values desired for ITER have been achieved. In these higher density plasmas, the E-r well is significantly shallower and broader. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Burrell, KH (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A165 EP A178 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70705-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/018 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300019 ER PT J AU del-Castillo-Negrete, D Carreras, BA Lynch, VE AF del-Castillo-Negrete, D Carreras, BA Lynch, VE TI High confinement modes with radial structure SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID POLOIDAL FLOW GENERATION; H-MODE; TOKAMAKS; TRANSITION; TURBULENCE; SHEAR; BIFURCATION; DISCHARGES; ROTATION AB We study the radial structure of high confinement modes in a simplified, one-dimensional model of the self-consistent interaction of fluctuations, shear flow, and pressure gradient. The model describes the plasma edge with an energy, flux coming from the core, which is used as a boundary condition for the pressure transport equation. As the energy flux increases, there is an L-H transition bifurcation which is described near marginal instability using a reduced Ginzburg-Landau model for the shear flow coupled to a transport equation for the pressure. For higher values of the energy flux, a second transition takes place in which the H-mode exhibits a finite-k instability. Numerical results show that this instability leads in the nonlinear regime to the spontaneous, formation of a pedestal in the pressure profile, where the effective diffusivity exhibits a sharp drop. A further increase in the energy flux leads to multiple pedestals across the simulation domain. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP del-Castillo-Negrete, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM delcastillod@ornl.gov RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A105 EP A112 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70271-7 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/011 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300012 ER PT J AU Hahm, TS Diamond, PH Lin, Z Itoh, K Itoh, SI AF Hahm, TS Diamond, PH Lin, Z Itoh, K Itoh, SI TI Turbulence spreading into the linearly stable zone and transport scaling SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID DRIFT-WAVE TURBULENCE; GYROKINETIC SIMULATION; STATISTICAL-THEORY; SHEAR DISCHARGES; TOKAMAK PLASMAS; FLOW; DYNAMICS; CONFINEMENT; PROPAGATION; TRANSITION AB We study the simplest problem of turbulence spreading corresponding to the spatio-temporal propagation of a-patch of turbulence from a region where it is locally excited to a region of weaker excitation or even local damping. A single model equation for the local turbulence, intensify, I (x, t), includes the effects of local linear growth and damping, spatially local nonlinear coupling to dissipation and spatial scattering of turbulence. energy induced by nonlinear coupling. In the absence of dissipation, front propagation into the linearly stable zone occurs with the property of rapid progression at small t, followed by-slower sub-diffusive progression at late times. The turbulence radial spreading into the linearly stable zone reduces the turbulent intensity in the linearly unstable zone and introduces an additional dependence on the,p pi la to the turbulent intensity and the transport scaling. These are in broad, semi-quantitative, agreement with a number of global gyrokinetic simulation results with zonal flows and without zonal flows. Front, propagation stops when the radial flux of fluctuation energy from. the linearly unstable region is balanced by local dissipation in the linearly stable region. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816, Japan. RP Hahm, TS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 NR 39 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A323 EP A333 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70280-8 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/036 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300037 ER PT J AU Hubbard, AE Carreras, BA Bassel, NP del-Castillo-Negrete, D Hughes, JW Lynn, A Marmar, ES Mossessian, D Phillips, P Wukitch, S AF Hubbard, AE Carreras, BA Bassel, NP del-Castillo-Negrete, D Hughes, JW Lynn, A Marmar, ES Mossessian, D Phillips, P Wukitch, S TI Local threshold conditions and fast transition dynamics of the L-H transition in Alcator C-Mod SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID TOKAMAK PLASMAS; EDGE TURBULENCE; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; GRADIENTS; SHEAR; FLOW AB Edge profiles during the L-H transition and pedestal evolution in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak have been measured with high spatial and time resolution. For input power near the threshold, periodic 'dithering' cycles are seen, and the sustained transition occurs in a series of steps that appear related to this oscillatory behaviour. Even at a higher power, there is evidence of non-smooth T-e evolution, and the pedestal T-e shows a double break-in-slope at the transition. Calculations with a fluctuation-shear flow model, for parameters typical of this experiment, reproduce much of the observed behaviour. Profiles just before the L-H transition, averaged over steady or dithering periods, are compared with an analytic criterion based on shear suppression by zonal flows (Guzdar P N et al 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 265004). The experimental values of T-e/rootL (n) are about 50% below the theoretical threshold, for a range of B-T. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Hubbard, AE (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM Hubbard@psfc.mit.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A95 EP A104 AR PII 0741-3335(04)70278-X DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/010 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300011 ER PT J AU Litaudon, X Barbato, E Becoulet, A Doyle, EJ Fujita, T Gohil, P Imbeaux, F Sauter, O Sips, G Connor, JW Doyle, EJ Esipchuk, Y Fujita, T Fukuda, T Gohil, P Kinsey, J Kirneva, N Lebedev, S Litaudon, X Mukhovatov, V Rice, J Synakowski, E Toi, K Unterberg, B Vershkov, V Wakatani, M Aniel, T Baranov, YF Baranoto, E Becoulet, A Behn, R Bourdelle, C Bracco, G Budny, RV Buratti, P Doyle, EJ Esipchuk, Y Esposito, B Ide, S Field, AR Fujita, T Fukuda, T Gohil, P Gormezano, C Greenfield, C Greenwald, M Hahm, TS Hoang, GT Hobirk, J Hogeweij, D Ide, S Isayama, A Imbeaux, F Joffrin, E Kamada, Y Kinsey, J Kirneva, N Litaudon, X Luce, TC Murakami, M Parail, V Peng, YKM Ryter, F Sakamoto, Y Shirai, H Sips, G Suzuki, T Synakowski, E Takenaga, H Takizuka, T Tala, T Wade, MR Weiland, J AF Litaudon, X Barbato, E Becoulet, A Doyle, EJ Fujita, T Gohil, P Imbeaux, F Sauter, O Sips, G Connor, JW Doyle, EJ Esipchuk, Y Fujita, T Fukuda, T Gohil, P Kinsey, J Kirneva, N Lebedev, S Litaudon, X Mukhovatov, V Rice, J Synakowski, E Toi, K Unterberg, B Vershkov, V Wakatani, M Aniel, T Baranov, YF Baranoto, E Becoulet, A Behn, R Bourdelle, C Bracco, G Budny, RV Buratti, P Doyle, EJ Esipchuk, Y Esposito, B Ide, S Field, AR Fujita, T Fukuda, T Gohil, P Gormezano, C Greenfield, C Greenwald, M Hahm, TS Hoang, GT Hobirk, J Hogeweij, D Ide, S Isayama, A Imbeaux, F Joffrin, E Kamada, Y Kinsey, J Kirneva, N Litaudon, X Luce, TC Murakami, M Parail, V Peng, YKM Ryter, F Sakamoto, Y Shirai, H Sips, G Suzuki, T Synakowski, E Takenaga, H Takizuka, T Tala, T Wade, MR Weiland, J CA International Tokamar Physics Int ITB database Working Grp TI Status of and prospects for advanced tokamak regimes from multi-machine comparisons using the 'International Tokamak Physics Activity' database SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; NONINDUCTIVE CURRENT DRIVE; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; TRANSPORT BARRIERS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; ASDEX UPGRADE; HIGH CONFINEMENT; PROFILE CONTROL; PLASMAS; JET AB Advanced tokamak regimes obtained in ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D, FF-U, JET, JT-60U, TCV and Tore Supra experiments are assessed both in terms of their fusion performance and capability for ultimately reaching steady-state using data from the international internal transport barrier database. These advanced modes of tokamak operation are characterized by an improved core confinement and a modified current profile compared to the relaxed Ohmically driven one. The present results obtained in these experiments are studied in view of their prospect for achieving either long pulses ('hybrid' scenario with inductive and non-inductive current drive) or ultimately steady-state purely non-inductive current drive operation in next step devices such as ITER. A new operational diagram for advanced tokamak operation is proposed where the figure of merit characterizing the fusion performances and confinement, H X beta(N)/q(95)(2), is drawn versus the fraction of the plasma current driven by the bootstrap effect. In this diagram, present day advanced tokamak regimes have now reached an operational domain that is required in the non-inductive ITER current drive operation with typically 50% of the plasma current driven by the bootstrap effect (Green et al 2003 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 45 587). In addition, the existence domain of the advanced mode regimes is also mapped in terms of dimensionless plasmas physics quantities such as normalized Larmor radius, normalized collisionality, Mach number and ratio of ion to electron temperature. The gap between present day and future advanced tokamak experiments is quantitatively assessed in terms of these dimensionless parameters. C1 CEA, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafis Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasmaphys, EURATOM Assoc,FZJ, Julich, Germany. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Japan. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. JWS, ITER, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka, Japan. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. UKAEA, EURATOM Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EURATOM, ENEA Fus, CR Frascati, Frascati, Italy. Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EURATOM, VR Assoc, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP CEA, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM xavier.litaudon@cea.fr RI ANIEL, Thierry/G-8734-2011; Imbeaux, Frederic/A-7614-2013; lebedev, sergei/K-2379-2013 OI ANIEL, Thierry/0000-0002-2598-9551; NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A19 EP A34 AR PII S0741-3335(04)72558-0 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/002 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300003 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Chang, CS Ku, SH Biewer, T Maqueda, R Bell, M Bell, R Bush, C Gates, D Kaye, S Kugel, H LeBlanc, B Menard, J Mueller, D Raman, R Sabbagh, S Soukhanovskii, V AF Maingi, R Chang, CS Ku, SH Biewer, T Maqueda, R Bell, M Bell, R Bush, C Gates, D Kaye, S Kugel, H LeBlanc, B Menard, J Mueller, D Raman, R Sabbagh, S Soukhanovskii, V CA NSTX Team TI Effect of gas fuelling location on H-mode access in NSTX. SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID PLASMA; VARIABLES; ROTATION; TOKAMAK AB The dependence of H-mode access on the poloidal location of the gas injection source has been investigated in NSTX. We find that gas fuelling from the centre stack midplane area produces the most reproducible H-mode access, with generally the lowest L-H threshold power in the lower single-null configuration. The edge toroidal rotation velocity of C2+ is largest (in the direction of the plasma current) just before the L-H transition with centre stack midplane fuelling and then reverses direction after the L-H transition. Simulation of these results with a guiding centre Monte Carlo neoclassical transport code (XGC) is qualitatively consistent with the trends in the measured velocities. Double-null discharges exhibit H-mode access with gas fuelling from either the Centre stack midplane or centre stack top locations, indicating a reduced sensitivity of H-mode access to fuelling location in that shape. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon, South Korea. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rmaingi@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Ku, Seung-Hoe/D-2315-2009 OI Ku, Seung-Hoe/0000-0002-9964-1208 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A305 EP A313 AR PII S0741-3335(04)69964-7 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/034 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300035 ER PT J AU McDonald, DC Cordey, JG Petty, CC Beurskens, M Budny, R Coffey, I de Baar, M Giroud, C Joffrin, E Lomas, P Meigs, A Ongena, J Saibene, G Sartori, R Voitsekhovitch, I AF McDonald, DC Cordey, JG Petty, CC Beurskens, M Budny, R Coffey, I de Baar, M Giroud, C Joffrin, E Lomas, P Meigs, A Ongena, J Saibene, G Sartori, R Voitsekhovitch, I CA JET EFDA Contributors TI The beta scaling of energy confinement in ELMy H-modes in JET SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID PLASMA-CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; DATABASE; POWER; ITER AB The disagreement between the weak dependence of the energy confinement time on normalized pressure, beta observed in dedicated scans and the strongly negative dependence in the confinement scaling laws used for the design of next step tokamaks and future reactors, remains an outstanding problem. As such, scans of beta have been undertaken in single null, low triangularity (delta approximate to 0.2) ELMy H-mode plasmas in JET with the MarkIIGB-SRP divertor. The scans varied beta by a factor of 2.8 (normalized from 0.72 to 2.04) and covered a range of magnetic fields (1.5-2.3 T), plasma currents (1.5-2.75 MA) and safety factors (q(95) = 2.8 and 3.3). A weak beta dependence was observed both globally (B(0)tau(E) varied less than 9% across any one scan) and locally. A. scan within Type I ELMy H-modes suggests that this weaker dependence is not due to ELM regimes. A statistical analysis indicates that these results are consistent with log-linear regressions performed on a wide JET database of ELMy H-modes, if correlations in this database are considered. C1 UKAEA, EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Phys, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. CEA, EURATOM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EURATOM, KMS, ERM, LPP, Brussels, Belgium. EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP McDonald, DC (reprint author), UKAEA, EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM dmcd@jet.uk NR 21 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A215 EP A225 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70216-X DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/023 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300024 ER PT J AU Meyer, H Field, AR Akers, RJ Brickley, C Conway, NJ Patel, A Carolan, PG Challis, C Counsell, GF Cunningham, G Helander, P Kirk, A Lloyd, B Maingi, R Tournianski, MR Walsh, MJ AF Meyer, H Field, AR Akers, RJ Brickley, C Conway, NJ Patel, A Carolan, PG Challis, C Counsell, GF Cunningham, G Helander, P Kirk, A Lloyd, B Maingi, R Tournianski, MR Walsh, MJ CA MAST & NBI teams TI Formation of transport barriers in the MAST spherical tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID POWER THRESHOLD; CONFINEMENT; PLASMA; TURBULENCE; FLOW AB In the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) plasmas have been generated with internal (ITB) or edge (ETB) transport barriers. ITBs were achieved in both the electron and the ion energy channel. In the presence of an ITB in the ion energy channel, transport analysis shows that the ion thermal diffusivity, chi(i), is reduced to almost neoclassical values while the ITB persists. The widely tested criteria for ITB formation rho(T)(star) = rho(s)partial derivative ln T/partial derivativeR > rho(ITB)(star) 0.014 (rho(s): Larmor radius at sound speed) obtained from dimensional analysis of JET discharges is easily exceeded on MAST. Even without the evidence of an ITB rho(T)(star) > 0.014 often applies, showing that this criterion in its current form is not generally applicable. ETBs are most easily formed in MAST if in a double null divertor configuration the discharge is vertically balanced, so that both X-points are almost on the same flux surface (CDND), and if the plasma is refuelled from the high field side mid-plane. The H-mode threshold power, P-thr, = 0.5 MW, in connected double null diverted (CDND) is only about half of that in a similar disconnected discharge with the ion delB drift towards the X-point on the fast closed flux surface (LDND). P-thr, scales between lower double null diverted (LDND) and the single null diverted configuration with the plasma surface area on MAST. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Walsh Sci Ltd, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3EB, Oxon, England. RP UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 EI 1361-6587 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A291 EP A298 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70270-9 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/032 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300033 ER PT J AU Petty, CC Luce, TC Cordey, JG McDonald, DC Budny, RV AF Petty, CC Luce, TC Cordey, JG McDonald, DC Budny, RV TI Similarity in H-mode energy confinement: nu(*) rather than n/n(limit) should be kept fixed SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID PLASMA-CONFINEMENT; DENSITY LIMITS; TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; ITER; HEAT AB While most of the dimensionless parameters that govern energy transport are readily apparent, there is some controversy as to whether the collisionality should be represented by the collision frequency normalized to the bounce frequency (v(*)) or the density normalized to the Greenwald density limit (n/n(limit)). To help resolve this question, experiments on the DIII-D and JET tokamaks have compared the normalized energy transport in ELMing H-mode plasmas with matched dimensionless parameters. When v(*) was kept fixed, the normalized energy transport on JET and DIII-D was in good agreement, but when n/n(limit) was kept fixed, the normalized energy confinement time on DIII-D was 20% lower than on JET (for all cases, n/n(limit) < 1). Therefore, v(*) appears to be the correct form of the normalized density, and scaling transport properties from present day tokamaks to ITER at fixed n/n(limit) can result in incorrect predictions. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A207 EP A213 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70707-1 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/022 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300023 ER PT J AU West, WP Lasnier, CJ Casper, TA Osborne, TH Burrell, KH Snyder, PB Thomas, DM Doyle, EJ Leonard, AW AF West, WP Lasnier, CJ Casper, TA Osborne, TH Burrell, KH Snyder, PB Thomas, DM Doyle, EJ Leonard, AW TI Pedestal profiles during QH-mode operation on DIII-D SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID D TOKAMAK; PLASMAS; DISCHARGES; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM AB The quiescent high confinement mode (QH-mode) on DIII-D exhibits an H-mode like edge pedestal, with values of pedestal pressure and global energy confinement similar to those of the ELMing H-mode, but without ELMs. In many cases this mode is observed to reach a nearly stationary operating point, limited in duration only by hardware constraints. This mode is usually obtained in a plasma configuration that is strongly pumped with electron densities at the top of the pedestal below 0.3 of the Greenwald density. Electron temperatures at the top of the pedestal range from 1.2 to 2.2keV. Ion temperatures at the pedestal are much higher, ranging up to 5 keV. In this paper, we will present edge profiles observed in the QH-mode. A selection of these profiles are used as input to the Corsica code to calculate the edge current profile, which is dominated by the bootstrap current. We discuss the implications of these edge profiles on the stability of the QH edge against ballooning/peeling modes. We also discuss results of experiments in which we attempt to expand the range of edge parameters, especially the edge density, achievable in the QH-mode. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP West, WP (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A179 EP A186 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70704-6 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/019 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300020 ER PT J AU Zeng, L Wang, G Doyle, EJ Rhodes, TL Peebles, WA McKee, GR Fonck, R Burrell, KH Fenstermacher, ME Boedo, J Moyer, R AF Zeng, L Wang, G Doyle, EJ Rhodes, TL Peebles, WA McKee, GR Fonck, R Burrell, KH Fenstermacher, ME Boedo, J Moyer, R TI Dynamics of pedestal perturbations by ELMs and edge harmonic oscillations in DIII-D SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 24-26, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA ID DOUBLE-BARRIER REGIME; D TOKAMAK; LOCALIZED MODES; ENERGY; TRANSPORT; PARTICLE; DIVERTOR; PLASMAS AB Edge density profile modifications associated with edge localized modes (ELMs) and edge harmonic oscillations (EHOs) have been measured using fast profile reflectometry in DIII-D H-mode plasmas. Specifically, high time (down to 10 mus) and spatial (similar to4 mm) resolution density profile measurements from 0 x 10(19) to 3.1 x 10(19) m(-3) provide us with new tools to study the dynamics of pedestal perturbations. During ELMs, it has been observed that the SOL density profile expands outwards to the vessel wall while the pedestal density reduces. These measurements provide direct evidence for enhanced particle radial transport to the vessel wall at the onset of ELMs. A large SOL density profile radial expansion velocity is observed during ELMs. A comparison of the velocities for different pedestal densities is made. The density scale length, density at the wall, and density fluctuations during ELMs are determined as a function of pedestal density, as well as particle transport during ELMs. Measurements in quiescent H-mode plasmas indicate that the pedestal density profile is modulated at the fundamental frequency of the EHO. A comparison between reflectometer and beam emission spectroscopy measurements regarding the EHO density fluctuation profile is presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, PSTI, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zeng, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 SU 5A BP A121 EP A129 AR PII S0741-3335(04)70697-1 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/013 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 827CO UT WOS:000221876300014 ER PT J AU Hobbs, ML Lemmon, GH AF Hobbs, ML Lemmon, GH TI Polyurethane foam response to fire in practical geometries SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE polyurethane; foam; decomposition; discretization bias correction AB An efficient polymer mass loss and foam response model has been developed to predict the behavior of unconfined polyurethane foam exposed to fire-like heat fluxes. The mass loss model is based on a simple two-step mechanism using distributed reaction rates. The mass loss model was implemented into a multidimensional finite element heat conduction code that supports chemical kinetics and dynamic enclosure radiation. A discretization bias correction model was parameterized using elements with characteristic lengths ranging from 0.1 cm to I cm. Bias corrected solutions with these large elements gave essentially the same results as grid-independent solutions using 0.01-cm elements. Predictions were compared to measured decomposition front locations determined from real-time X-rays of 9-cm diameter, 15-cm tall cylinders of foam that were heated with lamps. The calculated and measured locations of the decomposition fronts were well within I cm of each other and in some cases the fronts coincided. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hobbs, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800,MS-0836, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mlhobbs@sandia.gov RI Lemmon, Gordon/O-2199-2015 OI Lemmon, Gordon/0000-0002-8381-205X NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 84 IS 2 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.10.009 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 830LA UT WOS:000222122300001 ER PT J AU Simpson, ML Cox, CD Peterson, GD Sayler, GS AF Simpson, ML Cox, CD Peterson, GD Sayler, GS TI Engineering in the biological substrate: Information processing in genetic circuits SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE gene circuit simulation; gene circuits; stochastic gene expression analysis; synthetic biology; systems biology ID EXACT STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; WHOLE-CELL BIOSENSORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; NETWORKS; SYSTEMS; EXPRESSION; NOISE AB We review the rapidly evolving efforts to analyze, model, simulate, and engineer genetic and biochemical information processing systems within living cells. We begin by showing that the fundamental elements of information processing in electronic and genetic systems are strikingly similar, and follow this theme through a review of efforts to create synthetic genetic circuits. In particular we describe and review the "silicon mimetic" approach, where genetic circuits are engineered to mimic the functionality of semiconductor devices such as logic gates, latched circuits, and oscillators. This is followed with a review of the analysis, modeling, and simulation of natural and synthetic genetic circuits, which often proceed in a manner similar to that used for electronic systems. We conclude by presenting examples of naturally occurring genetic and biochemical systems that recently have been conceptualized in terms familiar to systems engineers. Our review of these newly forming fields of, research demonstrates that the expertise and skills contained within electrical and computer engineering disciplines apply not only to design within biological systems, but also to the development of a deeper understanding of biological functionality. This review of these efforts points to the emergence of both engineering and basic science disciplines following parallel paths. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Cox, Chris/A-9451-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Cox, Chris/0000-0001-9818-5477 NR 77 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 2004 VL 92 IS 5 BP 848 EP 863 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2004.826600 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 814TU UT WOS:000220997800006 ER PT J AU Collis, SS Joslin, RD Seifert, A Theofilis, V AF Collis, SS Joslin, RD Seifert, A Theofilis, V TI Issues in active flow control: theory, control, simulation, and experiment SO PROGRESS IN AEROSPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SPATIALLY DEVELOPING FLOWS; PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; VARIATIONAL MULTISCALE METHOD; BOUNDARY-LAYER-TRANSITION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; HIGH REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; NEAR-WALL TURBULENCE; COHERENT STRUCTURES AB The goal of this paper is to provide a perspective on the current status and future directions for active flow-control technology with particular emphasis on oscillatory control. This is not a comprehensive review of the literature; rather, certain issues that are often neglected in studies are highlighted showing their importance or impact on the reported observations and targeted outcomes. Feasible routes using flow instability as an efficiency enhancement tool are discussed as an emerging means to explain the physical phenomena of active flow-control and as a tool for control law design and development. Traditional and more recent theoretical approaches to control design are discussed and recommendations are made relevant to numerical complications on the route to design oscillatory flow-control systems. A generic flow control process is put forward and illustrated using experimental examples. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Univ Politecn Madrid, Escuela Tecn Super, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Seifert, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM seifert@eng.tau.ac.il RI Theofilis, Vassilis/B-6207-2009 OI Theofilis, Vassilis/0000-0002-7720-3434 NR 219 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0376-0421 J9 PROG AEROSP SCI JI Prog. Aeosp. Sci. PD MAY-JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4-5 BP 237 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.06.001 PG 53 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 854SW UT WOS:000223924600002 ER PT J AU Schwarzenbacher, R Jaroszewski, L Von Delft, F Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Brinen, LS Canaves, JM Cambell, J Chiu, HJ Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Eshagi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Levin, I McMullan, D McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Robb, A Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA AF Schwarzenbacher, R Jaroszewski, L Von Delft, F Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Brinen, LS Canaves, JM Cambell, J Chiu, HJ Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Eshagi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Levin, I McMullan, D McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Robb, A Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of a phosphoribosylaminoimidazole mutase PurE (TM0446) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.77-angstrom resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PURINE BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI PURE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; RIBONUCLEOTIDE; PROGRAM C1 Scripps Res Inst, Joint Ctr Struct Genom, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Joint Ctr Struct Genom, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411] NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 55 IS 2 BP 474 EP 478 DI 10.1002/prot.20023 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 814NE UT WOS:000220980600024 PM 15048837 ER PT J AU Xu, QS Shin, DH Pufan, R Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Xu, QS Shin, DH Pufan, R Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of a phosphotransacetylase from Streptococcus pyogenes SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SHKim@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 55 IS 2 BP 479 EP 481 DI 10.1002/prot.20039 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 814NE UT WOS:000220980600025 PM 15048838 ER PT J AU Mandava, S Makowski, L Devarapalli, S Uzubell, J Rodi, DJ AF Mandava, S Makowski, L Devarapalli, S Uzubell, J Rodi, DJ TI RELIC - A bioinformatics server for combinatorial peptide analysis and identification of protein-ligand interaction sites SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; database; phage display; protein-ligand interactions; small molecule ID PHAGE-DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY; BINDING-SITES; DATABASE; COMMON; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; LIBRARY; AFFINITY; FAMILIES; COMPLEX AB Phage display technology provides a versatile tool for exploring the interactions between proteins, peptides and small molecule ligands. Quantitative analysis of peptide population sequence diversity and bias patterns has the power to significantly enhance the impact of these methods [1, 2]. We have developed a suite of computational tools for the analysis of peptide populations and made them accessible by integrating fifteen software programs for the analysis of combinatorial peptide sequences into the REceptor Ligand Contacts (RELIC) relational database and web-server. These programs have been developed for the analysis of statistical properties of peptide populations; identification of weak consensus sequences within these populations; and the comparison of these peptide sequences to those of naturally occurring proteins. RELIC is particularly suited to the analysis of peptide populations affinity selected with a small molecule ligand such as a drug or metabolite. Within this functional context, the ability to identify potential small molecule binding proteins using combinatorial peptide screening will accelerate as more ligands are screened and more genome sequences become available. The broader impact of this work is the addition of a novel means of analyzing peptide populations to the phage display community. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rodi, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM drodi@anl.gov NR 26 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 1439 EP 1460 DI 10.1002/pmic.200300680 PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 820UJ UT WOS:000221414600024 PM 15188413 ER PT J AU Sandweiss, DH Maasch, KA Chai, F Andrus, CFT Reitz, EJ AF Sandweiss, DH Maasch, KA Chai, F Andrus, CFT Reitz, EJ TI Geoarchaeological evidence for multidecadal natural climatic variability and ancient Peruvian fisheries SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE climate change; geoarchaeology; fish; El Nino; Peru ID EL-NINO; PACIFIC-OCEAN; CONSEQUENCES; OSCILLATION; PARAISO; SITE AB Understanding the influence of natural climatic variability on modern fisheries is complicated by over a century of industrial fishing. Archaeological data provide unique opportunities for assessing precolonial and preindustrial fisheries. Records show that anchoveta-vs sardine-dominated fisheries correlate with 20th-century climate change in the Pacific Basin and are linked to multidecadal climatic variability. The "anchovy regime" is characterized by cooler conditions and lower frequency El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, while the "sardine regime" is associated with warmer conditions and higher frequency ENSO. Fish remains excavated at Lo Demas, an Inca-period (ca. A.D. 1480-1540) fishing site at 13degrees25' S on the Peruvian coast, document a shift from an anchoveta-to a sardine-dominated fishery at about A.D. 1500. This shift correlates with records for increasing ENSO frequency at the same time. Middle and late Holocene sites have archaeofish assemblages that also suggest regime changes. Here we show that changes in fish regimes can result from natural variability and we support the potential role of archaeological assemblages in tracking multidecadal climate change in the Pacific Basin throughout the Holocene (0-11,500 cal yr B.P.). (C) 2004 University of Washington. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Anthropol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Bryand Global Sci Ctr, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Studies, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Museum Hist Nat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Sandweiss, DH (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Anthropol, S Stevens Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM dan.sandweiss@umit.maine.edu NR 19 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 61 IS 3 BP 330 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2004.02.008 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 823BV UT WOS:000221585600010 ER PT J AU Icenhour, AS Toth, LM AF Icenhour, AS Toth, LM TI Behavior of uranium oxides and oxyfluorides exposed to moisture and Cm-244 alpha radiation SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE alpha radiolysis; uranium oxides; uranium oxyfluorides ID RADIOLYSIS; PEROXIDE; WATER AB Alpha radiolysis studies have been performed on uranium oxides and oxyfluorides (UO3, U3O8, and UO2F2) to evaluate the long-term storage characteristics of U-233. These uranium compounds (using U-238 as the surrogate for U-233) were subjected to relatively high alpha radiation doses (235-634 MGy) by doping with Cm-244. The typical irradiation time for these samples was about 1.5 years, which would be equivalent to more than 50 years irradiation by a U-233 sample. Both dry and wet (up to 10 wt% water) samples were examined in an effort to identify the gas pressure and composition changes that occurred as a result of radiolysis. This study shows that several competing reactions occur during radiolysis with the net effect of generating only very low pressures of hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide from water, nitrate, and carbon impurities, respectively. In the absence of nitrate impurities, no pressures greater than 1000 Torr are generated. Usually, however, the oxygen in the air atmosphere over the oxides is consumed with the corresponding oxidation of the uranium oxide. In the presence of up to 10 wt% water, the oxides first show a small pressure rise followed by a net decrease due to the oxygen consumption and the attainment of a steady-state pressure at which the rate of generation of gaseous components is balanced by their recombination and/or consumption in the oxide phase. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harbach Engn & Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. RP Icenhour, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM icenhouras@ornl.gov OI Icenhour, Alan/0000-0002-0095-7019 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PD MAY PY 2004 VL 159 IS 5 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1080/10420150410001724954 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 846OQ UT WOS:000223325600002 ER PT J AU Berrah, N Bozek, JD Bilodeau, RC Kukk, E AF Berrah, N Bozek, JD Bilodeau, RC Kukk, E TI Studies of complex systems: from atoms to clusters SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE inner-shell; electron-electron correlation; photodetachment; negative ions; auger decay; shape resonance; doubly and triply excited states; post-collision interaction; photoionization; electrons angular distribution; resonant Raman Auger spectroscopy; molecular-field splitting; electron spin polarization ID RESONANT AUGER-SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLVED ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION SOURCES; INNER-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; POSTCOLLISION-INTERACTION; NEGATIVE-IONS; 1S THRESHOLD; SUBNATURAL LINEWIDTHS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION AB We have investigated with unprecedented levels of detail fundamental studies of dynamical processes and structure of few- and many-body complex systems at the atomic, molecular, and cluster level. This was achieved using inner-shell photodetachment and photoionization experiments using photoion, photoelectron, resonant Auger, resonant Raman Auger and electron-spin resolved experimental techniques coupled with the brightness, spectral resolution, and polarization of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The experimental results, which revealed new phenomena, are pushing the limits of third generation photon sources and are stimulating various enhanced theories. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oulu, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland. RP Berrah, N (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Everett Tower, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM berrah@wmich.edu RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 NR 130 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.12.005 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 815WL UT WOS:000221072300004 ER PT J AU Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L AF Dunford, RW Kanter, EP Krassig, B Southworth, SH Young, L TI Higher-order processes in X-ray photoionization and decay SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE X-ray photoionization; He photoionization; double-K ionization; nondipole photoionization; two-photon decay; nuclear excitation by electronic transition (NEET) ID PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; TO-SINGLE PHOTOIONIZATION; INNER-SHELL TRANSITIONS; HIGH-ENERGY PHOTON; HELIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; CONSISTENT-FIELD CALCULATION; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTIONS; COMPTON DOUBLE-IONIZATION; K-VACANCY PRODUCTION; NUCLEAR-EXCITATION AB Over the past decade, modern synchrotron radiation sources have provided continuously tunable, intense well-collimated beams of hard X-rays. Our group has exploited such beams, in the energy range 2-100 keV, to study higher-order processes in atomic photoionization and vacancy decay which were hitherto difficult to observe and we review five specific examples of that work here. These topics include high-energy photoionization of helium, nondipolar photoionization, double K-shell ionization, two-photon decays of inner-shell vacancies, and nuclear excitations by electronic transition. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM southworth@anl.gov NR 160 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1-3 BP 149 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.12.010 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 815WL UT WOS:000221072300009 ER PT J AU Pratt, ST AF Pratt, ST TI Photoionization of excited states of molecules SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE photoionization; photoelectron; spectroscopy; excited states ID RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENT VIBRATIONAL AUTOIONIZATION; ULTRAFAST INTERNAL-CONVERSION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; RYDBERG STATES; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; DOUBLE-RESONANCE; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; ELECTRONIC CONTINUA; DYNAMICS AB This review focuses on the study of excited state photoionization dynamics for the characterization of the spectroscopy and decay dynamics of low-lying neutral excited states as well as autoionizing states of small polyatomic molecules. The review emphasizes the use of double-resonance excitation techniques to prepare selectively excited states of interest, and the use of energy dispersive photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize the states of interest through their photoionization dynamics. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pratt, ST (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM stpratt@anl.gov NR 78 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 1-3 BP 435 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2003.12.047 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 815WL UT WOS:000221072300024 ER PT J AU Hahn, FF Romanov, SA Guilmette, RA Nifatov, AP Diep, JH Zaytseva, Y AF Hahn, FF Romanov, SA Guilmette, RA Nifatov, AP Diep, JH Zaytseva, Y TI Plutonium microdistribution in the lungs of Mayak workers SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INHALED (PUO2)-PU-239; RADIATION PNEUMONITIS; PATHOLOGICAL RESEARCH; PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; PUO2 PARTICLES; UNITED-STATES; BEAGLE DOGS; RAT LUNG; DOSIMETRY; DISSOLUTION AB The degree of nonuniform distribution of plutonium in the human lung has not been determined; thus current dosimetric models do not account for nonuniform irradiation. A better scientific basis is needed for assessing the risk of developing radiation-induced disease from inhaled alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides. We measured the distribution of plutonium activity in the lung by autoradiography and related the activity to specific compartments of the lung. The study materials were lung specimens from deceased workers employed by the Mayak Production Association. The approach to analyzing these lung samples used contemporary stereological sampling and analysis techniques together with quantitative alpha-particle autoradiography. For the first time, plutonium distribution has been quantified in the human lung. The distribution of long-term retained plutonium is nonuniform, and a significant portion of plutonium was retained in pulmonary scars. In addition, a large fraction of plutonium was present in the parenchyma, where it was retained much longer than was estimated previously. The sequestration of plutonium particles in scars would greatly reduce the radiation exposure of the critical target cells and tissues for lung cancer. Thus the prolonged retention of plutonium in lung scars may not increase the dose or risk for lung cancer. (C) 2004 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. So Urals Biophys Inst, Chelyabinsk 456780, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hahn, FF (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM fhahn@lrri.org NR 47 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 161 IS 5 BP 568 EP 581 DI 10.1667/RR3175 PG 14 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 815WJ UT WOS:000221072100010 PM 15161366 ER PT J AU Roberts, GA Stewart, KD AF Roberts, GA Stewart, KD TI Reflection-mode x-ray powder diffraction cell for in situ studies of electrochemical reactions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES AB The design and operation of an electrochemical cell for reflection-mode powder x-ray diffraction experiments are discussed. The cell is designed for the study of electrodes that are used in rechargeable lithium batteries. It is designed for assembly in a glove box so that air-sensitive materials, such as lithium foil electrodes and carbonate-based electrolytes with lithium salts, can be used. The cell uses a beryllium window for x-ray transmission and electrical contact. A simple mechanism for compressing the electrodes is included in the design. Sample results for the cell are shown with a Cu Kalpha source and a position-sensitive detector. (C) 2004 American Institute Of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Roberts, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, 7011 East Ave,MS 9403, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM garober@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1251 EP 1254 DI 10.1063/1.1710695 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BD UT WOS:000221872300012 ER PT J AU Dorf, L Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ AF Dorf, L Raitses, Y Fisch, NJ TI Electrostatic probe apparatus for measurements in the near-anode region of Hall thrusters SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SEGMENTED ELECTRODE; SHEATH; MODEL AB Near-anode processes in Hall-current plasma thrusters are largely uncharacterized in the experimental literature. In order to perform measurements in the near-anode, region, the high potential of the anode relative to ground, small spatial variations of plasma properties, and the complicated thruster geometry are just some of the features that must be taken into consideration. A diagnostic apparatus for measurements in the near-anode region of Hall thrusters, comprising biased and emissive electrostatic probes, a high-precision positioning system, and low-noise electronic circuitry, was developed and tested. Test data for this apparatus indicate that radially inserted probes negligibly perturb the discharge. Accurate near-anode measurements of the plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma potential performed with this diagnostic have allowed the first experimental identification of the electron-repelling anode sheath predicted theoretically in Hall thrusters. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dorf, L (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dorf@princeton.edu NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1255 EP 1260 DI 10.1063/1.1710698 PN 1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BD UT WOS:000221872300013 ER PT J AU Constantin, C Niemann, C Dewald, E Udrea, S Jacoby, J Varentsov, D Schwab, P Wieser, J Hoffmann, DHH AF Constantin, C Niemann, C Dewald, E Udrea, S Jacoby, J Varentsov, D Schwab, P Wieser, J Hoffmann, DHH TI Density measurements of heavy-ion-beam-induced stress waves in solid matter by a sensitive laser deflection technique SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA LENS; PHYSICS AB We present a sensitive density diagnostic based on the deflection of a laser beam by refractive index gradients. The method is used to investigate stress waves in plexiglass, created by the irradiation of multilayered metal-plexiglass targets with intense relativistic heavy-ion beams. Measured laser deflection angles are of the order of 1 mrad, with a resolution of the apparatus of 50 murad. Results are in excellent agreement with interferometric measurements. The deflection technique is superior to an imaging interferometer in terms of simplicity and sensitivity. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Constantin, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM constantin1@llnl.gov RI Hoffmann, Dieter H.H./A-5265-2008 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1268 EP 1273 DI 10.1063/1.1711141 PN 1 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BD UT WOS:000221872300016 ER PT J AU Wang, CJ Koirala, SP Scherrer, ST Duan, YX Winstead, CB AF Wang, CJ Koirala, SP Scherrer, ST Duan, YX Winstead, CB TI Diode laser microwave induced plasma cavity ringdown spectrometer: Performance and perspective SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; DIAGNOSTICS; FLAMES; SROH AB Recent studies combining an atmospheric-pressure plasma source (inductively coupled plasma or microwave induced plasma) with cavity ringdown spectroscopy (plasma-CRDS) have indicated significant promise for ultra-sensitive elemental measurements. Initial plasma-CRDS efforts employed an inductively coupled plasma as the atomization source and a pulsed laser system as the light source. In an effort to improve the portability and reduce the cost of the system for application purposes, we have modified our approach to include a compact microwave induced plasma and a continuous wave diode laser. A technique for controlling the coupling of the continuous wave laser to the ringdown cavity has been implemented using a standard power combiner. No acouto-optic modulator or cavity modulation is required. To test the system performance, diluted standard solutions of strontium (Sr) were introduced into the plasma by an in-house fabricated sampling device combined with an ultrasonic nebulizer. SrOH radicals were generated in the plasma and detected using both a pulsed laser system and a diode laser via a narrow band transition near 680 nm. The experimental results obtained using both light sources are compared and used for system characterization. The ringdown baseline noise and the detection limit for Sr are determined for the current experimental configuration. The results indicate that a plasma-CRDS instrument constructed using diode lasers and a compact microwave induced plasma can serve as a small, portable, and sensitive analytical tool. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Diagnost Instrumentat & Anal Lab, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CACS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, CJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Diagnost Instrumentat & Anal Lab, 205 Res Blvd, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM wang@dial.msstate.edu NR 55 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1305 EP 1313 DI 10.1063/1.1711150 PN 1 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BD UT WOS:000221872300022 ER PT J AU Lyneis, CM Leitner, D Abbott, SR Dwinell, RD Leitner, M Silver, CS Taylor, C AF Lyneis, CM Leitner, D Abbott, SR Dwinell, RD Leitner, M Silver, CS Taylor, C TI Results with the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source VENUS (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB During the last year, the VENUS electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source was commissioned at 18 GHz and preparations for 28 GHz operation, which is set to begin early in 2004, are now underway. The goal of the VENUS ECR ion source project as the RIA research and development injector is the production of 240 emuA of U30+, a high current medium charge state beam. On the other hand, as an injector ion source for the 88-Inch Cyclotron the design objective is the production of 5 emuA of U48+, a low current, very high charge state beam. During the commissioning phase with 18 GHz, tests with various gases and recently metals have been performed with up to 2000 W if power and the performance is very promising. For example, 1100 emuA of O6+, 180 emuA of Ar12+, 150 emuA of Xe20+, and 100 emuA of Bi24+ were produced in the early commissioning phase, ranking VENUS among the currently highest performance 18 GHz ECR ion sources. The emittance of the beams produced at 18 GHz was measured with a two axis emittance scanner. In FY04 a 10 kW, 28 GHz gyrotron system will be added, which will enable VENUS to reach full performance. The performance of the VENUS ion source, low energy beam transport and its closed loop cryogenic system are described in the article. Recently, a high temperature axial oven has been installed in the source and the first results on metal beams such as bismuth are given. The design of the 28 GHz, 10 kW gyrotron system will also be described. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lyneis, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmlyneis@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1393 DI 10.1063/1.1675927 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500003 ER PT J AU Gobin, R Beauvais, PY Bogard, D Charruau, G Delferriere, O De Menezes, D France, A Ferdinand, R Gauthier, Y Harrault, F Mattei, P Benmeziane, K Leherissier, P Paquet, JY Ausset, P Bousson, S Gardes, D Oliver, A Celona, L Sherman, J AF Gobin, R Beauvais, PY Bogard, D Charruau, G Delferriere, O De Menezes, D France, A Ferdinand, R Gauthier, Y Harrault, F Mattei, P Benmeziane, K Leherissier, P Paquet, JY Ausset, P Bousson, S Gardes, D Oliver, A Celona, L Sherman, J TI Status of the light ion source developments at CEA/Saclay SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB SILHI (High Intensity Light Ion Source) is an ECR ion source producing high intensity proton or deuteron beams at 95 keV. It is now installed in the IPHI site building, at the CEA/Saclay center. IPHI is a front end demonstrator of high power accelerator. The source regularly delivers more than 130 mA protons in cw mode and already produced more than 170 mA deuterons in pulsed mode at nominal energy. The last beam characterizations, including emittance measurements, space charge compensation analysis, and diagnostic improvements, will be reported. Taking into account the SILHI experience, new developments are in progress to build and test a 5 mA deuteron source working in cw mode. This new source will also operate at 2.45 GHz and permanent magnets will provide the magnetic configuration. This source, of which the design will be discussed, will have to fit in with the SPIRAL 2 accelerator developed at GANIL to produce radioactive ion beams. The H- test stand status is briefly presented here and detailed in companion papers. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, LPGP, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. GANIL, F-14076 Caen 5, France. CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, LNS, Catania, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gobin, R (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM rjgobin@cea.fr OI Celona, Luigi/0000-0002-6328-5926 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1414 EP 1416 DI 10.1063/1.1690474 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500009 ER PT J AU Pardo, RC Jiang, CL Nolen, JN Rehm, KE Savard, G AF Pardo, RC Jiang, CL Nolen, JN Rehm, KE Savard, G TI Heavy-ion beams required for the RIA accelerator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res ID GHZ AB The proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator Facility (RIA) will provide beams of heavy ions with up to 400 kW power in order to produce radioactive beams of nuclei far from stability for research on fundamental questions in nuclear physics and astrophysics. The exact mix of heavy-ion driver beams that will be needed by RIA will depend on the actual experimental programs undertaken, but will surely encompass a wide range of isotopes. We will explore a possible facility operations model and identify the driver beams required. One aspect of that model will be to optimally "illuminate" the r-process path nuclei. Present published ECR ion source performance for the identified mix of beams and assumed charge states will be compared to the requirements of the RIA facility needed to achieve the beam power goals of the facility. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pardo, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pardo@phy.anl.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1427 EP 1430 DI 10.1063/1.1690478 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500013 ER PT J AU Alton, GD Bilheux, H AF Alton, GD Bilheux, H TI Extraction of space-charge-dominated ion beams from an ECR ion source: Theory and simulation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res ID DESIGN AB Extraction of high quality space-charge-dominated ion beams from plasma ion sources constitutes an optimization problem centered about finding an optimal concave plasma emission boundary that minimizes half-angular divergence for a given charge state, independent of the presence or lack thereof of a magnetic field in the extraction region. The curvature of the emission boundary acts to converge/diverge the low velocity beam during extraction. Beams of highest quality are extracted whenever the half-angular divergence, omega, is minimized. Under minimum half-angular divergence conditions, the plasma emission boundary has an optimum curvature and the perveance, P, current density, j(+ext), and extraction gap, d, have optimum values for a given charge state, q. Optimum values for each of the independent variables (P, j(+ext) and d) are found to be in close agreement with those derived from elementary analytical theory for extraction with a simple two-electrode extraction system, independent of the presence of a magnetic field. The magnetic field only increases the emittances of beams through additional aberrational effects caused by increased angular divergences through coupling of the longitudinal to the transverse velocity components of particles as they pass though the mirror region of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. This article reviews the underlying theory of elementary extraction optics and presents results derived from simulation studies of extraction of space-charge dominated heavy-ion beams of varying mass, charge state, and intensity from an ECR ion source with emphasis on magnetic field induced effects. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM altongd@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1431 EP 1435 DI 10.1063/1.1690479 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500014 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Alton, GD Bilheux, H Cole, JM Meyer, FW AF Liu, Y Alton, GD Bilheux, H Cole, JM Meyer, FW TI Initial comparative performances of conventional "surface" and "volume" type, all-permanent-magnet, ECR ion sources SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gda@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1436 EP + DI 10.1063/1.1702088 PN 2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500015 ER PT J AU Vondrasek, RC Scott, R Pardo, RC AF Vondrasek, RC Scott, R Pardo, RC TI Magnetic field upgrade of argonne national laboratory 14 GHz ECR ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB The latest developments in superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS), and in particular their capability to vary the hexapole field, have highlighted the importance of optimizing the magnetic field configuration for maximum beam production. With the presently accepted set of magnetic scaling rules serving as a guide, several aspects of the magnetic structure of the Argonne National Laboratory 14 GHz ECRIS (ECR2) have been upgraded. The injection region iron has been modified raising the peak injection side field from 1.7 to 2.0 T. In conjunction with the iron upgrade, the previously damaged hexapole has been replaced with a new permanent magnet hexapole constructed of higher-grade material. This has raised the wall field from 0.80 to 0.95 T. Thus, 250 e muA of Kr14+ and 7.0 e muA of Kr25+ have been measured. Results with lead include 102 e muA of Pb24+ and 6.4 e muA of Pb37+. Uranium has been produced using the sputter method resulting in 39 e muA of U26+, 30 e muA of U29+, and 1.1 e muA of U43+. These results in general represent a factor of 2 improvement over the preupgrade beam intensities. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vondrasek, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vondrasek@phy.anl.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1532 EP 1534 DI 10.1063/1.1691507 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500047 ER PT J AU Zelenski, A Alessi, J LoDestro, V Ritter, J Klenov, V Kokhanovski, S Zubets, V AF Zelenski, A Alessi, J LoDestro, V Ritter, J Klenov, V Kokhanovski, S Zubets, V TI A 29.2 GHz electron cyclotron resonance-primary proton source for the relativistic heavy ion collider optically pumped polarized H- ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB A 29.2 GHz dc electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source produces a primary proton beam in the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) optically pumped polarized H- ion source. A proton beam of a 50- 100 mA is extracted from the ECR plasma at 2.0-3.0 keV energy by a 121-hole, three-grid ion extraction system. Polarized beam injection to RHIC requires only 300-500 mus pulses at 0.2-6 2/3 Hz repetition rate. Pulsed source operation was studied and resulted in a significant current increase at greatly reduced average microwave power and hydrogen gas consumption. A molecular H-2(0) ion beam component out of the ECR source might cause polarization dilution, when Ho molecular beam is dissociated in the sodium ionizer cell with the production of H- ions (having half the energy of the main component) with lower polarization. Admixture of oxygen gas reduces the H-2(+) beam component. A reduction to less than 5% was observed also in pulsed ECR operation. As a result of the ECR-source optimization, the RHIC optically pumped polarized H+ ion source intensity was increased up to 0.5-1.0 mA at routine operation (maximum current 1.5 mA). A polarization of 80% was measured in a 200 MeV polarimeter. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nucl Res Inst, Moscow 117312, Russia. RP Zelenski, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zelenski@bnl.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1535 EP 1538 DI 10.1063/1.1702121 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500048 ER PT J AU Pikin, A Alessi, JG Beebe, EN Kponou, A Prelec, K Ritter, J Snydstrup, L Kuznetsov, G Tiunov, M AF Pikin, A Alessi, JG Beebe, EN Kponou, A Prelec, K Ritter, J Snydstrup, L Kuznetsov, G Tiunov, M TI Electron gun and collector simulations for RHIC EBIS at BNL SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB Based on the successful experience of the Brookhaven National Laboratory test electron beam ion sources (EBIS), the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) EBIS design utilizes a 10 A electron beam to produce the required ion source output intensity of 3.4 x 10(9) of Au32+ ions per 10-40 mus pulse. In order to provide increased cathode lifetime and reliability at the required 10 A, and accommodate future upgrades of RHIC EBIS ion intensity, it is desirable to upgrade the electron gun. Simulations have been made for a new electron gun and electron collector capable of generating and dissipating an electron beam with current up to 20 A. The method of forming the electron beam using magnetic compression and inverse magnetron geometry of the electron gun are the same as has been tested successfully on the electron beam test stand. The new gun has higher perveance and partially shielded spherical cathode. A bell-shaped radial current density distribution with reduced current density on a periphery of the beam, combined with a modified shape of the electron collector magnet shim, yields a simulated power density on the surface of the electron collector below 400 W/cm(2) for electron beam currents up to 20 A. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Pikin, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pikin@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1557 EP 1559 DI 10.1063/1.1691514 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500054 ER PT J AU Donets, ED Donets, EE Becker, R Lijeby, L Rensfelt, KG Beebe, EN Pikin, AI AF Donets, ED Donets, EE Becker, R Lijeby, L Rensfelt, KG Beebe, EN Pikin, AI TI Status report on the development of a tubular electron beam ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res ID STRING MODE; OPERATION; EBIS AB The theoretical estimations and numerical simulations of tubular electron beams in both beam and reflex mode of source operation as well as the off-axis ion extraction from a tubular electron beam ion source (TEBIS) are presented. Numerical simulations have been done with the use of the IGUN and OPERA-3D codes. Numerical simulations with IGUN code show that the effective electron current can reach more than 100 A with a beam current density of about 300-400 A/cm(2) and the electron energy in the region of several KeV with a corresponding increase of the ion output. Off-axis ion extraction from the TEBIS, being the nonaxially symmetric problem, was simulated with OPERA-3D (SCALA) code. The conceptual design and main parameters of new tubular sources which are under consideration at JINR, MSL, and BNL are based on these simulations. (C) 2004 American Institute. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab High Energies, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Angew Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt M, Germany. Manne Siegbahn Inst, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Donets, EE (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab High Energies, Dubna 141980, Russia. EM edonets@sunhe.jinr.ru NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1566 EP 1568 DI 10.1063/1.1691524 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500057 ER PT J AU Yushkov, GY MacGill, RA Brown, IG AF Yushkov, GY MacGill, RA Brown, IG TI Mevva ion source operated in purely gaseous mode SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res ID HOLLOW-CATHODE GLOW; BROAD-BEAM AB We have operated a vacuum arc ion source in such a way as to form beams of purely gaseous ions. The vacuum arc configuration that is conventionally used to produce intense beams of metal ions was altered so as to form gaseous ion beams, with only minimal changes to the external circuitry and no changes internally to the ion source. In our experiments we formed beams from oxygen (O+ and O-2(+)), nitrogen (N+ and N-2(+)), argon (Ar+), and carbon dioxide (C+, CO2+, O+, and O-2(+)) at extraction voltage of 2-50 W We used a pulsed mode of operation, with beam pulses similar to50 ms long and repetition rate 10 pulses per second, for a duty cycle of about 50%. Downstream ion beam current as measured by a 5 cm diameter Faraday cup was typically 0.5 mA pulse or about 250 muA time averaged. This time averaged beam current is very similar to that obtained for metal ions when the source is operated in the usual vacuum arc mode. Here we describe the modifications made to the source and the results of our investigations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634050, Russia. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yushkov, GY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634050, Russia. EM gyushkov@opee.hcei.tsc.ru RI Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1582 EP 1584 DI 10.1063/1.1691474 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500062 ER PT J AU Stockli, MP Welton, RF Keller, R AF Stockli, MP Welton, RF Keller, R TI Self-consistent, unbiased root-mean-square emittance analysis SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB We present a self-consistent method for analyzing measured emittance data that yields unbiased estimates for the root-mean-square (rms) emittance. The self-consistent, unbiased elliptical exclusion analysis uses an ellipse to determine the bias from the data outside the ellipse, before calculating the rms emittance from the bias-subtracted data within the ellipse. Increasing the ellipse size until the rms emittance estimate saturates allows for determining the minimum elliptical area that includes all real signals, even those buried in the noise. Variations of the ellipse shape and orientations are used to test the robustness of the results. Background fluctuations cause fluctuations in the rms emittance estimate, which are an estimate of the uncertainty incur-red through the analysis. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, SNS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stockli, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM stockli@sns.gov NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1646 EP 1649 DI 10.1063/1.1695649 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500080 ER PT J AU Goncharov, A Gorshkov, V Maslov, V Zadorozhny, V Brown, I AF Goncharov, A Gorshkov, V Maslov, V Zadorozhny, V Brown, I TI The low-field permanent magnet electrostatic plasma lens SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res ID ION-BEAMS AB We describe the status of ongoing research and development of the electrostatic plasma lens as used for the manipulation of high current broad beams of heavy ions of moderate energy. In some collaborative work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory the lens was used to good effect for carrying out high dose ion implantation processing. In the process of this work a very narrow range of low magnetic field was found for which the ion-optical characteristics of the lens improved markedly. Subsequent theoretical analysis and computer modeling has led to an understanding of this phenomenon. These serendipitous results open up some attractive possibilities for the development of a new compact and low cost plasma lens based on permanent magnets rather than on current-driven field coils surrounding the lens volume. The development of this kind of lens, including both very low noise and minimal spherical aberration effects, may lead to a tool suitable for use in the injection beam lines of high current heavy ion linear accelerators. Here we briefly review the lens fundamentals, some characteristics of focusing heavy ion beams at low magnetic fields, and summarize recent theoretical and experimental developments, with emphasis on the relevance and suitability of the lens for accelerator injection application. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 NASU, Inst Phys, UA-03039 Kiev, Ukraine. NSC Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. NASU, Inst Cybernet, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goncharov, A (reprint author), NASU, Inst Phys, 46 Pr Nauki, UA-03039 Kiev, Ukraine. EM gonchar@iop.kiev.ua RI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/J-3329-2015 OI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1662 EP 1664 DI 10.1063/1.1699450 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500085 ER PT J AU Gobin, R Delferriere, O Ferdinand, R Harrault, F Benmeziane, K Gousset, G Sherman, JD AF Gobin, R Delferriere, O Ferdinand, R Harrault, F Benmeziane, K Gousset, G Sherman, JD TI Development of an H- ion source based on the electron cyclotron resonance plasma generator at CEA/Saclay SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma generators have demonstrated their efficiency, reproducibility, and long lifetime for the production of light positive ions like protons or deuterons. These sources generally work in cw mode. A 2.45 GHz ECR test stand based on a pure volume H- ion production is currently under development. This negative ion source is working in pulsed mode, 1 ms at 10 Hz. The first H- ions have been observed at the beginning of 2002 with a poor efficiency. Only a few muA were produced. To avoid negative ions destruction by a nonabsorbed microwave close to the extraction aperture, a stainless steel grid was installed in the rectangular plasma chamber. As a result, the chamber is now effectively separated into two zones: the ECR plasma generator and the H- production zone. By plotting the extracted current versus the production zone length, the H- ion intensity reached more than 100 muA with the grid located 25 mm from the aperture. A voltage difference on the order of 10 V can be applied between the two parts of the plasma chamber in order to modify the electron energy entering the production zone. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, Orsay, France. LPGP, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LPGP, F-91405 Orsay, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gobin, R (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM rjgobin@cea.fr NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1741 EP 1743 DI 10.1063/1.1695616 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500106 ER PT J AU Welton, RF Stockli, MP Roseberry, RT Kang, Y Keller, R AF Welton, RF Stockli, MP Roseberry, RT Kang, Y Keller, R TI The design of high power, external antennas for radio frequency multicusp ion sources SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res ID SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE AB The ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a radio-frequency, multicusp source designed to deliver H- beam pulses of 45 mA to the SNS accelerator, with a pulse length of 1 ms and a repetition rate of 60 Hz. In order to achieve this performance the source must operate with both high peak rf power, similar to45 kW, and high average rf power, similar to3 kW, over an operational run period of 3 weeks. The most critical source component in this respect is the plasma-immersed, porcelain coated rf antenna which can be susceptible to damage during high power operation. The DESY group has developed an external antenna configuration utilizing an Al2O3 plasma chamber which has demonstrated a very long operational period exceeding 25 000 h. Their source operates with peak rf powers comparable to the SNS source but with greatly reduced average rf powers, similar to50 W. In order to explore the applicability of this external antenna concept to high average power ion sources like the SNS source, we have performed thermal, mechanical, and electromagnetic analyses of the Al2O3 plasma chamber. This article discusses the final design which has resulted from these studies as well as estimates of the power limitations of such devices. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Spallat Neutron Source, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1789 EP 1792 DI 10.1063/1.1699452 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500121 ER PT J AU Welton, RF Stockli, MP Murray, SN Keller, R AF Welton, RF Stockli, MP Murray, SN Keller, R TI The status of the spallation neutron source ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB The ion source for the spallation neutron source (SNS) is a radio-frequency, multicusp source designed to deliver 45 mA of H- to the SNS accelerator with a pulse length of 1 ms and repetition rate of 60 Hz. A total of three ion sources have been fabricated and commissioned at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and subsequently delivered to the SNS at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The ion sources are currently being rotated between operation on the SNS accelerator, where they are involved in ongoing efforts to commission the SNS LINAC, and the hot spare stand (HSS), where high-current tests are in progress. Commissioning work involves operating the source in a low duty-factor mode (pulse width similar to200 mus and repetition rate similar to5 Hz) for extended periods of time while the high-current tests involve source operation at full duty-factor of 6% (1 ms/60 Hz). This report discusses routine performance of the source employed in the commissioning role as well as the initial results of high-current tests performed on the HSS. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Spallat Neutron Source, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM welton@ornl.gov NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1793 EP 1795 DI 10.1063/1.1702081 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500122 ER PT J AU Hahto, SK Hahto, ST Kwan, JW Leung, KN Grisham, LR Saadatmand, K Benveniste, V AF Hahto, SK Hahto, ST Kwan, JW Leung, KN Grisham, LR Saadatmand, K Benveniste, V TI Negative ions for heavy ion fusion and semiconductor manufacturing applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB Radio frequency driven multicusp source was set up to run chlorine plasma and the source performance was compared between positive and negative chlorine ion production. A maximum Cl- current density of 45 mA/cm(2) was achieved at 2.2 kW of rf power with electron to negative ion ratio of 7 and positive to negative ion ratio of 1.3. 99.8% of the total negative chlorine beam was atomic Cl-. To produce negative boron ions for semiconductor manufacturing applications, a noncesiated, sputtering-type surface production ion source was constructed. An external rf antenna geometry and large LaB6 converter were implemented in the source design. Maximum B-2(-) ion current density of 1 mA/cm(2) was achieved at 800 W of rf power and -600 V converter voltage. Total B-2(-) ion current was 1.8 mA. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Axcelis Technol Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RP Hahto, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM skhahto@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1799 EP 1802 DI 10.1063/1.1699455 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500124 ER PT J AU Oka, Y Tsumori, K Takeiri, Y Ikeda, K Kaneko, O Nagaoka, K Osakabe, M Asano, E Kawamoto, T Kondo, T Sato, M Grisham, L Honda, A Umeda, N Yamamoto, T AF Oka, Y Tsumori, K Takeiri, Y Ikeda, K Kaneko, O Nagaoka, K Osakabe, M Asano, E Kawamoto, T Kondo, T Sato, M Grisham, L Honda, A Umeda, N Yamamoto, T TI Studies of H- source for large helical device-neutral beam injector (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res ID NEGATIVE-ION SOURCE; OPERATION; SYSTEM; DEPOSITION; POWER; LHD AB A powerful neutral beam system with six high current H- ion sources achieved a total power of 10.3 MW in the large helical device (LHD). We describe the present status of the ion sources, and the results of studies of cesium consumption, tungsten filament lifetime, and the velocity spectrum of the beam. Maximum power and beam energy in those ion sources range from 3.5 to 4.4 MW and 165 to 180 keV (design energy), respectively. The maximum H- current is similar to25 A. Much progress on beam acceleration and plasma uniformity was facilitated by a new accelerator and new arc power supply system with careful Cs seeding. Cs consumption for 1/2 year of operation ranges from 3.9 to 10.6 g per one source (over 2 X 10(4) shots). It is converted to the rate of 0.17-1.5 mg per one shot per source. It is considered that Cs deposition on the inside surface of the plasma source could be from 0.11 to 1.0 monolayer per one shot per source. This is of the same order as the expected optimum coverage of similar to0.7. Filament weight loss was measured in each source. Filaments have to be exchanged every 1-3 months (i.e., similar to10(4) shots). The filament lifetime cycle, instead of the Cs consumption, determines the maintenance cycle. Distribution of the filament weight loss in each source is nonuniform. The distribution changed after adjusting the arc current distribution to each filament for optimized H- uniformity by an independently adjustable multiare power supply system and filament supplies. Tungsten deposition is from 0.015 to 0.065 monolayer per shot per source. This is smaller than the Cs deposition. Doppler shift spectroscopy yielded the first velocity spectrum for the LHD-neutral beam injector beam. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. RP Oka, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. EM oka@lhd.nifs.ac.jp NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1803 EP 1808 DI 10.1063/1.1699460 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500125 ER PT J AU Kwan, JW Grote, DP Westenskow, GA AF Kwan, JW Grote, DP Westenskow, GA TI High current density beamlets from a rf argon source for heavy on fusion applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB In a new approach to develop high current beams for heavy ion fusion, beam current at about 0.5 ampere per channel can be obtained by merging an array of high current density beamlets of 5 mA each. We have done computer simulations to study the transport of high current density beamlets and the emittance growth due to this merging process. In our radio frequency (rf) multicusp source experiment, we have produced a cluster of 61 beamlets using minimum gas flow. The current density from a 0.25 cm diameter aperture reached 100 mA/cm(2). The normalized 4 rms emittance of 0.0186pi mm mrad corresponds to an equivalent ion temperature of 2.08 eV. These results showed that the rf argon plasma source is suitable for producing high current density beamlets that can be merged to form a high current high brightness beam for heavy ion fusion application. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kwan, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1838 EP 1840 DI 10.1063/1.1699517 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500135 ER PT J AU Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS Gushenets, VI Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kuibeda, RP Kondratiev, BK Kulevoy, TV Litovko, IV Oks, EM Pershin, VI Poole, HJ Petrenko, SV Seleznev, DN Svarovski, AY Turchin, VI Yushkov, GY AF Batalin, VA Bugaev, AS Gushenets, VI Hershcovitch, A Johnson, BM Kolomiets, AA Kuibeda, RP Kondratiev, BK Kulevoy, TV Litovko, IV Oks, EM Pershin, VI Poole, HJ Petrenko, SV Seleznev, DN Svarovski, AY Turchin, VI Yushkov, GY TI Highly stripped ion sources for MeV ion implantation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res ID VACUUM-ARC PLASMAS; CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRON-BEAM ENHANCEMENT; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB A joint research and development effort whose ultimate goal is to develop an intense, high charge state, ion source for mega-electron-volt ion implanters has been initiated. Present day high-energy ion implanters utilize low charge state (usually single charge) ion sources in combination with radio frequency (rf) accelerators. Usually, a MeV Linear Accelerator (MV LINAC) is used for acceleration of a few milliamperes. It is desirable to have instead an intense, high charge state ion source on a relatively low energy platform [direct current (dc) acceleration] to generate high-energy ion beams for implantation. This endeavor is a continuation of earlier research, which resulted in generating ions like Pb(+7) and Bi(+8) and ion currents exceeding 200 mA. The natural next step is to convert and optimize ion charge state enhancement techniques to generate B, P, As, and Sb ions, and adapt them to a dc implanter. A number of schemes are to be pursued simultaneously. The most promising approach is to be developed into a commercial ion source. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11766 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 11728, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. PVI, Oxnard, CA 93031 USA. AA Bochvara Sci Res Inst Inorgan Mat, Siberian Div, Russian Nat Res Ctr, Seversk 636070, Russia. RP Batalin, VA (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. EM oks@opee.hcei.tsc.ru RI Oks, Efim/A-9409-2014; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Oks, Efim/0000-0002-9323-0686; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1900 EP 1903 DI 10.1063/1.1702116 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500155 ER PT J AU Gaelens, M Loiselet, M Ryckewaert, G Pardo, RC Scott, RH Vondrasek, R Collon, P Kutchera, W AF Gaelens, M Loiselet, M Ryckewaert, G Pardo, RC Scott, RH Vondrasek, R Collon, P Kutchera, W TI Oceans circulation and electron cyclotron resonance sources: Measurement of the AR-39 isotopic ratio in Seawater SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Ion Sources CY SEP 08-13, 2003 CL Dubna, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res AB The radionuclide Ar-39 is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and has an isotopic abundance of 8.1 x 10(-16). Because its half life (T-1/2 = 269 years) is well matched to the time periods involved in the oceanic currents around the Earth, the measurement of the Ar-39 isotopic ratio is an ideal tool to date ocean water from different depths. It would complement the information gained by the C-14 measurements (T-1/2 = 5730 years). However, the measurement of the isotopic ratio Ar-39/Ar-40 is a technical challenge: 1 L of modern ocean water contains similar to6500 atoms of Ar-39, and produces similar to17 decays per year. Although it has been possible to detect the Ar-39 decays in large volumes of sea water by using the low level counting technique, the possibility of measuring the number of Ar-39 atoms faster and in smaller samples using the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) technique would be a major breakthrough for this type of measurement. The development of a viable AMS method for Ar-39 has been underway for several years at Argonne National Laboratory, and is presently hampered by the presence of stable K-39 ions coming from the ion source. Although the intensity of this isobaric contaminant is low (similar topA extracted from the source), it has to be compared with the Ar-39 beam intensity (atoms per minutes). In order to separate, these two beams (whose mass difference is only 1.6 x 10(-5)), the intensity of the K-39 beam coming from the ion source has to be reduced by several orders of magnitude. This reduction has been investigated both at Argonne National Laboratory and at Louvain-la-Neuve. Two techniques have been tried out. In the first, a quartz liner is used to provide a clean surface, while in the second these impurities are buried in a SiO2 layer formed in situ by running the source with a mixture of silane and oxygen. The K-39 background has been reduced by a factor of 100 with these treatments. These techniques and their results obtained both at Argonne and Louvain-la-Neuve will be presented. The ion source specific requirements for this type of application will also be discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Catholique Louvain, Ctr Rech Cyclotron, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Univ Vienna, Vienna Environm Res Accelerator, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Gaelens, M (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Ctr Rech Cyclotron, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM gaelens@cyc.ucl.ac.be NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 75 IS 5 BP 1916 EP 1918 DI 10.1063/1.1699526 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 827BF UT WOS:000221872500160 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Wang, H Koch, CC AF Zhang, X Wang, H Koch, CC TI Mechanical behavior of bulk ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline Zn SO REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID DISK-BEND TEST; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; HIGH-TENSILE DUCTILITY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; FE-CU ALLOYS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; IN-SITU AB Mechanical properties of bulk ultrafine-g rained and nanocrystalline Zn produced by mechanical milling are reviewed. Dynamic recrystallization plays an important role in the microstructural evolution of cryomilled Zn during early milling times. The modulated oscillation of hardness during cryomilling is a combinational effect of dynamic recrystallization, average grain size, grain size distribution and dislocation density variations. Bulk ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline Zn, synthesized by in situ consolidation during milling, possess high tensile ductility. Deformation mechanisms in larger grains (submicron) are different from that in nanoscale grains. Microstructure, ductility and deformation mechanisms in Zn and other ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline elemental metals are compared. These comparisons indicate that the ductility of ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline materials may be enhanced by the following ways (i) increasing strain hardening (ii) increasing strain rate sensitivity (iii) activating other deformation mechanisms such as twinning or stacking faults (iv) accommodating grain boundary sliding to postpone the generation of pores along the grain boundaries or triple junctions. The engineering design of materials with high strength and high tensile ductility can be achieved by optimizing the microstructures of ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline materials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zhangx@lanl.gov RI Koch, Carl/B-9101-2008; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 145 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 18 PU INST PROBLEMS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI ST PTERSBURG PA BOLSHOJ 61, VAS OSTROV, ST PTERSBURG, 199178, RUSSIA SN 1606-5131 J9 REV ADV MATER SCI JI Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 53 EP 93 PG 41 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 884XU UT WOS:000226120800002 ER PT J AU Barnard, AS AF Barnard, AS TI Structural properties of diamond nanowires: Theoretical predictions and experimental progress SO REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INDUCED TRANSFORMATION; SILICON NANOWIRES; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; NANOTUBES; NANORODS; FULLERENES; STABILITY; GRAPHITE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB Although the nanoscience and nanotechnology surrounding sp(2) bonded carbon nanotubes has continued to flourish over recent years the development of the sp(3) analogue, diamond nanowires, has been slow. Diamond-based materials have unique structural properties such as high elastic modulus and strength-to-weight ratio, making them ideal candidates for structural applications at the nanoscale. While few experimentalists have succeeded in synthesizing such materials, a number of researchers have used various theoretical models to compare the structure and stability of diamond nanowires as a function of morphology and size. In this review a summary of these theoretical predictions is given along with the progress made by experimentalists in the synthesis of quasi-one dimensional diamond nanostructures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barnard, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amanda.barnard@anl.gov RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011 OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382 NR 65 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST PROBLEMS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-RUSSIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI ST PTERSBURG PA BOLSHOJ 61, VAS OSTROV, ST PTERSBURG, 199178, RUSSIA SN 1606-5131 J9 REV ADV MATER SCI JI Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 94 EP 119 PG 26 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 884XU UT WOS:000226120800003 ER PT J AU Xia, Z Riester, L Sheldon, BW Curtin, WA Liang, J Yin, A Xu, JM AF Xia, Z Riester, L Sheldon, BW Curtin, WA Liang, J Yin, A Xu, JM TI Mechanical properties of highly ordered nanoporous anodic alumina membranes SO REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARRAYS; FILMS; NANOMATERIALS; INDENTATION; FABRICATION; NANOTUBES; HONEYCOMB; MODULUS; LOAD AB Young's modulus, hardness and fracture toughness of highly ordered nanoporous alumina (PAA) were measured by nanoindentation and Vickers microindentation. A finite element model that accounts for the anisotropy and the pores was developed to extract the Young's modulus and hardness values from the experiments. The measured Young's modulus of 140 GPa was not affected by a heat treatment at 650 degreesC. However, the same heat treatment causes the hardness to increase from 5.2 to 6.3 GPa, while the fracture toughness sharply decreases from 3.4 to 0.4 MPa-m(1/2). When the indentation is made on the top surface of the membrane, nanopore collapse in shear bands rather than crack formation was observed around the indent. This suggests that the pores greatly improve the toughness of the porous alumina in the transverse direction. X-ray diffraction shows no sign of crystallization of the amorphous alumina after annealing at 650 degreesC. However, FTIR spectra show that the heat treatment significantly reduces the OH content of the amorphous structure. Thus it appears that the sharp reduction in the fracture toughness after annealing can be attributed to changes in the amorphous structure due to the loss of water. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sheldon, BW (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM Brian_Sheldon@brown.edu NR 27 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 20 PU INST PROBLEMS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING-RUSSIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI ST PTERSBURG PA BOLSHOJ 61, VAS OSTROV, ST PTERSBURG, 199178, RUSSIA SN 1606-5131 J9 REV ADV MATER SCI JI Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 6 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 884XU UT WOS:000226120800005 ER PT J AU Robart, AR Montgomery, NK Smith, KL Zimmerly, S AF Robart, AR Montgomery, NK Smith, KL Zimmerly, S TI Principles of 3 ' splice site selection and alternative splicing for an unusual group II intron from Bacillus anthracis SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE group II intron; alternative splicing; retroelement; ribozyme; bacteria ID CATALYTIC INTRONS; IN-VIVO; RNA; BINDING; EXON; ELEMENTS; BACTERIA; DOMAINS; PROTEIN; SEGMENT AB We investigated the self-splicing properties of two introns from the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. One intron (B.a.l1) splices poorly in vitro despite having typical structural motifs, while the second (B.a.l2) splices well while having apparently degenerated features. The spliced exons of B.a.l2 were sequenced, and splicing was found to occur at a 3' site shifted one nucleotide from the expected position, thus restoring missing gamma-gamma' and IBS3-EBS3 pairings, but leaving the two conserved exonic ORFs out of frame. Because of the unexpected splice site, the principles for 3' intron definition were examined, which showed that the 3' splice site is flexible but contingent on gamma-gamma' and IBS3-ERS3 pairings, and can be as far away as four nucleotides from the wild-type site. Surprisingly, alternative splicing occurs at position +4 for wild-type B.a.l2 intron, both in vitro and in vivo, and the alternative event fuses the two conserved exon ORFs, presumably leading to translation of the downstream ORF. The finding suggests that the structural irregularities of B.a.l2 may be an adaptation to facilitate gene expression in vivo. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biodef Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zimmerly, S (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM zimmerly@ucalgary.ca NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 10 IS 5 BP 854 EP 862 DI 10.1261/rna.5246804 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 815WN UT WOS:000221072500011 PM 15100440 ER PT J AU Sachenko, PP Schneibel, JH Zhang, W AF Sachenko, PP Schneibel, JH Zhang, W TI Observations of secondary oscillations in thermal grain boundary grooves SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundaries; grain boundary grooving; metals; atomic force microscopy AB Thermal grain boundary grooving by surface diffusion is accompanied not only by main maxima on either side of a groove, but also by secondary maxima and minima. We measure these oscillations in tungsten and give reasons why the observed secondary maxima and minima are larger than predicted. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schneibeljh@ornl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 50 IS 9 BP 1253 EP 1257 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.01.030 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 801YY UT WOS:000220132400012 ER PT J AU Peet, M Babu, SS Miller, MK Bhadeshia, HKDH AF Peet, M Babu, SS Miller, MK Bhadeshia, HKDH TI Three-dimensional atom probe analysis of carbon distribution in low-temperature bainite SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION AB A bainitic microstructure with fine ferrite plates (20-40 nm) in a matrix of high-carbon retained austenite, obtained by isothermal transformation at 200 degreesC, was characterized with an energy-compensated optical position-sensitive three-dimensional atom probe. The average carbon concentration in the austenite was found to be 8.0 +/- 1.6 at.% and in the bainitic ferrite 1.1 +/- 0.7 at.%. The latter concentration is much higher than expected from paraequilibrium between austenite and ferrite, and the austenite carbon concentration is found to be slightly higher than the T-0 limit. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge, England. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM babuss@ornl.gov RI Peet, Mathew/B-9284-2009; Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Peet, Mathew/0000-0002-0162-0063; Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 13 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1277 EP 1281 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.02.024 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 805WB UT WOS:000220395300003 ER PT J AU Jones, RH Gertsman, VY Vetrano, JS Windisch, CF AF Jones, RH Gertsman, VY Vetrano, JS Windisch, CF TI Crack-particle interactions during intergranular stress corrosion of AA5083 as observed by cross-section transmission electron microscopy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloy; intergranular stress corrosion; crack-particle interactions AB Studies of intergranular stress corrosion cracks growing in AA5083 aged to contain beta-phase (Al3Mg2) particles at the grain boundary are reported. These studies have shown that for tests in a NaCl + K2CrO4 solution that beta-phase particles are converted to Al2O3 particles and that the crack propagates through or around them. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rh.jones@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1355 EP 1359 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.01.038 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 805WB UT WOS:000220395300018 ER PT J AU Pinnaduwage, LA Thundat, T Hawk, JE Hedden, DL Britt, R Houser, EJ Stepnowski, S McGill, RA Bubb, D AF Pinnaduwage, LA Thundat, T Hawk, JE Hedden, DL Britt, R Houser, EJ Stepnowski, S McGill, RA Bubb, D TI Detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene using microcantilever sensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE dinitrotoluene (DNT); microcantilever; microsensor; detection ID EXPLOSIVES DETECTION; RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; SURFACE STRESS; THIN-FILMS; VAPOR; CANTILEVERS; TNT AB We report the gas phase detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) with a SXFA-[poly(1-(4-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl-5,5,5-trifluoro)pent-1-enyl)methylsiloxane]-polymer-coated microcantilevers. These studies show that a detection sensitivity of 300 parts-per-trillion (ppt) could be achieved within a few seconds of exposure of the sensor to the vapor stream. The response is reversible and the sensor coating has been shown to be able to withstand repeated exposure to varying levels of DNT concentrations over a year. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pinnaduwagla@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2003.11.011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 822ZS UT WOS:000221580100004 ER PT J AU Essington, ME Foss, JE Roh, Y AF Essington, ME Foss, JE Roh, Y TI The soil mineralogy of lead at Horace's Villa SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SITE; SHOOTING RANGES; SOLUBILITY; IMMOBILIZATION; STABILITY; CARBONATE; SWEDEN AB Lead pipe buried by calcareous alluvium at Horace's Villa near Licenza, Italy, for more than a millennium were excavated, along with soil from around and within the lead pipe, to identify the stable corrosion products and Pb-bearing soil minerals. The corrosion crust of the pipe, soil from inside the pipe, and soil from around the pipe were characterized by chemical means and by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The chemical and thermal conditions necessary to produce the identified Ph mineral assemblage was investigated through the development of activity and predominance diagrams. Analysis of total soil Ph concentrations indicates that the lateral movement of Ph from the pipe in the pH >8 soil has exceeded 9 cm. However, background soil Ph concentrations are observed at a lateral distance of 50 cm. The corrosion crust of the lead pipe is composed of litharge [alpha-PbO(s)], cerussite [PbCO3(s)], and hydrocerussite [Pb-3(CO3)(2)(OH)(2)(s)]. Similarly, soil inside the pipe and in the 0- to 1-cm zone around the pipe contains cerussite and hydrocerussite. A detailed thermochemical analysis indicates that the formation of hydrocerussite is favored, relative to cerussite, when the CO2 partial pressure is approximately atmospheric (10(-3.5) atm or 10-(4.5) MPa) or less, or when the soil temperature is approximately 25degrees or greater. The formation of stable lead phosphates has not occurred in these alkaline environments, even though apatite is present and thermochemical analysis predicts the formation of chloropyromorphite [Pb-5(PO4)(3)CI(S)]. If chloropyromorphite is removed from consideration, hydroxypyromorphite [Pb-5(PO4)(3)OH(S)] is not predicted to form in the presence of apatite. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Soils Int Inc, Knoxville, TN 37933 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Essington, ME (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 2506 EJ Chapman Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM messington@utk.edu OI Essington, Michael/0000-0003-0658-0424 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 979 EP 993 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 819YD UT WOS:000221351400033 ER PT J AU Lezama-Pacheco, J de Leon, JM Espinosa, FJ Rabago, F Conradson, S AF Lezama-Pacheco, J de Leon, JM Espinosa, FJ Rabago, F Conradson, S TI Local atomic structure around iodine in ZnSe : I SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE II-VI-doped semiconductors; ZnSe; local atomic structure; XAFS ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; LATTICE INSTABILITY; CDTE AB We determined the local atomic structure around iodine dopant atoms in single-crystal samples of ZnSe:I by means of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). X-ray diffraction studies show that the introduction of iodine at these concentrations (0.08 at%), produces no other phases and that the average crystalline Structure remains the same as that of pure ZnSe. XAFS results show that the iodine enters into the ZnSe lattice substituting Se. An increase in the I-Zn distance was observed compared to the Se-Zn distance in undoped ZnSe, while the second-neighbor distance was the same as that found in undoped ZnSe. These results contrast with those found in other doped semiconductors such as CdTe:In, CdTe:Cu, and. noteworthy ZnSe:Cl. In those cases, Lit this dopant levels the local structure around the dopant atoms shows a significant lattice distortion, signaled by two different bond lengths to the nearest-neighbor atoms, Suggesting the formation of a dopant-cation vacancy complex defect. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CINVESTAV, Dept Fis Aplicada, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Marista Merida, Merida 97300, Yucatan, Mexico. UASLP, Inst Fis, San Luis Potosi 78240, SLP, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct & Properties Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP de Leon, JM (reprint author), CINVESTAV, Dept Fis Aplicada, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. EM mustrc@mail.cinevastav.mx NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.01.013 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 819BU UT WOS:000221289000015 ER PT J AU Hermann, AM Madan, A Wanlass, MW Badri, V Ahrenkiel, R Morrison, S Gonzalez, C AF Hermann, AM Madan, A Wanlass, MW Badri, V Ahrenkiel, R Morrison, S Gonzalez, C TI MOCVD growth and properties of Zn3P2 and Cd3P2 films for thermal photovoltaic applications SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE MOCVD; heterojunction; absorption studies AB We report the growth and characterization (structural and electronic) of thin films of Zn3P2 and Cd3P2 grown by MOCVD. Heterojunctions of this pair of dopable semiconductors are being studied for applications as thermophotovoltaic devices. We have grown films of these materials on glass substrates, and X-ray diffaction studies confirm the phase formation and polycrystalline nature of the films. Optical absorption studies revealed three distinct transitions in the Zn3P2 films, at 1.3, 1.55, and 1.85 eV (in agreement with literature values found in single crystals). Analysis of optical spectra of the films showed direct transitions at 0.62, 0.65, and 0.71 eV. We also report measurements of photoconductivity and photoluminescence in these films. Hall effect measurements show the Cd3P2 films to be n-type with mobilities as high as 429 cm(2)/Vs. Carrier lifetimes were also measured directly by a photoconductive decay technique. The films show promise for TPV devices, although fabrication of such multilayer devices is in only a preliminary stage. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. MVSyst Inc, Golden, CO USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Hermann, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, CB 390, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM allen.hermann@colorado.edu NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1-2 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.01.021 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 819BU UT WOS:000221289000023 ER PT J AU Kovalev, AE Zvyagin, SA Bowers, CR Reno, JL Simmons, JA AF Kovalev, AE Zvyagin, SA Bowers, CR Reno, JL Simmons, JA TI Observation of a node in the quantum oscillations induced by microwave radiation SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE microwave induced magnetoresistance oscillations AB The microwave induced magnetoresistance in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure was Studied at temperatures below 1 K and frequencies in the range of 150-400 GHz. A distinct node in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, induced by the microwave radiation. is clearly observed. The node position coincides with the position of the cyclotron resonance on the carriers with effective mass (0.068 +/- 0.005)m(0). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bowers, CR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem, POB 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bowers@chem.ufl.edu RI Zvyagin, Sergei/H-8389-2014 NR 17 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 130 IS 6 BP 379 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2004.02.028 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 814XF UT WOS:000221006700003 ER PT J AU Sodano, HA Park, G Inman, DJ AF Sodano, HA Park, G Inman, DJ TI Estimation of electric charge output for piezoelectric energy harvesting SO STRAIN LA English DT Article DE damping; piezoelectric; power harvesting; self powered AB Piezoelectric materials (PZT) can be used as mechanisms to transfer mechanical energy, usually ambient vibration, into electrical energy that can be stored and used to power other devices. With the recent advances in wireless and micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technology, sensors can be placed in exotic and remote locations. As these devices are wireless it becomes necessary that they have their own power supply. The power supply in most cases is the conventional battery; however, problems can occur when using batteries because of their finite life span. Because most sensors are being developed so that they can be placed in remote locations such as structural sensors on a bridge or global positioning service (GPS) tracking devices on animals in the wild, obtaining the sensor simply to replace the battery can become a very expensive task. Furthermore, in the case of sensors located on civil structures, it is often advantageous to embed them, making access impossible. Therefore, if a method of obtaining the untapped energy surrounding these sensors was implemented, significant life could be added to the power supply. One method is to use PZT materials to obtain ambient energy surrounding the test specimen. This captured energy could then be used to prolong the power supply or in the ideal case provide endless energy for the sensors lifespan. The goal of this study is to develop a model of the PZT power harvesting device. This model would simplify the design procedure necessary for determining the appropriate size and vibration levels necessary for sufficient energy to be produced and supplied to the electronic devices. An experimental verification of the model is also performed to ensure its accuracy. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapon Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sodano, HA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 18 TC 346 Z9 360 U1 11 U2 147 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0039-2103 J9 STRAIN JI Strain PD MAY PY 2004 VL 40 IS 2 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1475-1305.2004.00120.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 827YY UT WOS:000221940800002 ER PT J AU Eldred, MS Giunta, AA Waanders, BGV AF Eldred, MS Giunta, AA Waanders, BGV TI Multilevel parallel optimization using massively parallel structural dynamics SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE parallel optimization; structural dynamics; surrogate-based optimization ID CRASH AB A large-scale structural optimization of an electronics package has been completed using a massively parallel structural dynamics code. The optimization goals were to maximize safety margins for stress and acceleration resulting from transient impulse loads, while remaining within strict mass limits. The optimization process utilized nongradient, gradient, and approximate optimization methods in succession to modify shell thickness and foam density values within the electronics package. This combination of optimization methods was successful in improving the performance from an infeasible design that violated response allowables by a factor of two to a completely feasible design with positive design margins, while remaining within the mass limits. In addition, a tradeoff curve of mass versus safety margin was developed to facilitate the design decision process. These studies employed the ASCI Red supercomputer and used multiple levels of parallelism on up to 2560 processors. In total, a series of calculations were performed on ASCI Red in five days, where an equivalent calculation on a single desktop computer would have taken greater than 12 years to complete. This paper conveys the approaches, results, and lessons learnt from this large-scale production design application. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Eldred, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Estimat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mseldre@sandia.gov; aagiunt@sandia.gov; bartv@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1615-147X J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s00158-003-0371-y PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 814SY UT WOS:000220995600009 ER PT J AU Wilson, JJ Malakhova, M Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Hegde, RS AF Wilson, JJ Malakhova, M Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Hegde, RS TI Crystal structure of the Dachshund homology domain of human SKI SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMING-GROWTH-FACTOR; DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; C-SKI; ONCOPROTEIN INTERACTS; PROLINE SUBSTITUTIONS; DROSOPHILA-DACHSHUND; MEDIATED REPRESSION; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN AB The nuclear protooncoprotein SKI negatively regulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in cell growth and differentiation. It directly interacts with the Smads and, by various mechanisms, represses the transcription of TGF-beta-responsive genes. SKI is a multidomain protein that includes a domain bearing high sequence similarity with the retinal determination protein Dachshund (the Dachshund homology domain, DHD). The SKI-DHD has been implicated in SMAD-2/3, N-CoR, SKIP, and PML-RARalpha binding. The 1.65 Angstrom crystal structure of the Dachshund homology domain of human SKI is reported here. The SKI-DHD adopts a mixed alpha/beta structure which includes features found in the forkhead/winged-helix family of DNA binding proteins, although SKI-DHD is not a DNA binding domain. Residues that form a contiguous surface patch on SKI-DHD are conserved within the Ski/Sno family and with Dachshund, suggesting that this domain may mediate intermolecular interactions common to these proteins. C1 Cinvinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Dev Biol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hegde, RS (reprint author), Cinvinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Dev Biol, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM rashmi.hegde@cchmc.org FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY014648] NR 50 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 5 BP 785 EP 792 DI 10.1016/j.str.2004.02.035 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 821VD UT WOS:000221490200009 PM 15130471 ER PT J AU Xu, YB Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Carr, PD Huber, T Vasudevan, SG Ollis, DL AF Xu, YB Zhang, RG Joachimiak, A Carr, PD Huber, T Vasudevan, SG Ollis, DL TI Structure of the N-terminal domain of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION PROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDYLTRANSFERASE SUPERFAMILY; ADENYLYL TRANSFERASE; POLY(A) POLYMERASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NITROGEN CONTROL; DNA; BACTERIA; COMPLEX; ATP AB We report the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of Escherichia coli adenylyltransferase that catalyzes the reversible nucleotidylation of glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation. This domain (AT-N440) catalyzes the deadenylylation and subsequent activation of GS. The structure has been divided into three subdomains, two of which bear some similarity to kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase (KNT). However, the orientation of the two domains in AT-N440 differs from that in KNT. The active site of AT-N440 has been identified on the basis of structural comparisons with KNT, DNA polymerase beta, and polyadenylate polymerase. AT-N440 has a cluster of metal binding residues that are conserved in polbeta-like nucleotidyl transferases. The location of residues conserved in all ATase sequences was found to cluster around the active site. Many of these residues are very likely to play a role in catalysis, substrate binding, or effector binding. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Math, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, YB (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM yibin.xu@jcu.edu.au RI Ollis, David/I-5967-2014; Huber, Thomas/A-5278-2008 OI Huber, Thomas/0000-0002-3680-8699 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD MAY PY 2004 VL 12 IS 5 BP 861 EP 869 DI 10.1016/j.str.2004.02.029 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 821VD UT WOS:000221490200016 PM 15130478 ER PT J AU Barzi, E Andreev, N Boffo, C Borissov, E Elementi, L Del Frate, L Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Barzi, E Andreev, N Boffo, C Borissov, E Elementi, L Del Frate, L Yamada, R Zlobin, AV TI Development and study of Rutherford-type cables for high-field accelerator magnets at Fermilab SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2003) CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID DIPOLE MODELS AB Fermilab is developing a new generation of high-field superconducting magnets for future accelerators based on Nb3Sn. Rutherford-type cables of 27 and 28 strands of various structures, packing factors, with and without a stainless steel core, were fabricated at Fermilab out of Cu, NbTi and various Nb3Sn strands. The effect of cabling degradation was measured. A method was developed to simulate cabling and possibly understand the strains applied during the process. This paper summarizes the results of such R&D efforts at Fermilab. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP S213 EP S216 AR PII S0953-2048(04)73327-8 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/024 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 825XS UT WOS:000221792700025 ER PT J AU Bugoslavsky, Y Miyoshi, Y Perkins, GK Caplin, AD Cohen, LF Zhai, HY Christen, HM Pogrebnyakov, AV Xi, XX Dolgov, OV AF Bugoslavsky, Y Miyoshi, Y Perkins, GK Caplin, AD Cohen, LF Zhai, HY Christen, HM Pogrebnyakov, AV Xi, XX Dolgov, OV TI Superconducting gap structure and pinning in disordered MgB2 films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2003) CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID POINT-CONTACT SPECTROSCOPY; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; THIN-FILMS; FIELD; ENHANCEMENT AB We have performed a comparative study of two thin films of magnesium diboride (MgB2) grown by different techniques. The critical current density at different temperatures and magnetic fields was evaluated from magnetization curves, the structure of the superconducting order parameter was obtained from point-contact spectroscopy and the scattering rates were evaluated by fitting the temperature dependent normal-state resistivity to the two-band model. The films have similar critical temperatures close to 39 K, but the upper critical fields were different by a factor of 2 (5.2 and 2.5 T at 20 K). We have found that the film with higher H-c2 also had stronger scattering in the sigma band and a smaller value of the superconducting gap in this band. As the scattering in the a band is primarily due to the defects in the boron plane, our results are consistent with the assumption that disordering the boron planes leads to enhanced H-c2 and better pinning properties in a magnetic field. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys & Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Dolgov, Oleg/M-8120-2015 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Dolgov, Oleg/0000-0001-8997-2671 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP S350 EP S354 AR PII S0953-2048(04)73193-0 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/052 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 825XS UT WOS:000221792700053 ER PT J AU Cantoni, C Christen, DK Specht, ED Varela, M Thompson, JR Goyal, A Thieme, C Xu, Y Pennycook, SJ AF Cantoni, C Christen, DK Specht, ED Varela, M Thompson, JR Goyal, A Thieme, C Xu, Y Pennycook, SJ TI Characterization of suitable buffer layers on Cu and Cu-alloy metal substrates for the development of coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2003) CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID FILMS; DEPOSITION; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; GROWTH; MGO AB A novel buffer layer architecture consisting of LaMnO3/MgO/TiN is proposed as a suitable structural and chemical template for the epitaxial growth of high-T-c superconductors on Cu metal surfaces. For the first time, high J(c) values are reported for YBCO films grown by laser ablation on (001) Cu single crystals, {100}<100> textured Cu surfaces and {100}<100> textured Cu-48% Ni-1% Al alloys, without intervening metal coatings. The J(c) for single-crystal-like substrates is as high as 3.5 MA cm(-2) and values of 2 MA cm(-2) were obtained on the Cu-alloy tape substrates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Cantoni, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP S341 EP S344 AR PII S0953-2048(04)71771-6 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/050 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 825XS UT WOS:000221792700051 ER PT J AU Iavarone, M Karapetrov, G Koshelev, AE Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Kang, WN Choi, EM Kim, HJ Lee, SI AF Iavarone, M Karapetrov, G Koshelev, AE Kwok, WK Crabtree, GW Kang, WN Choi, EM Kim, HJ Lee, SI TI STM tunnelling spectroscopy in MgB2 thin films: the role of band structure in tunnelling spectra SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2003) CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID OVERLAPPING BANDS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB A very peculiar feature of the recently discovered superconductor MgB2 is the multigap nature of the superconducting state, which is now commonly accepted in the scientific community and confirmed by a large number of experiments. We report a systematic scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) study performed on high quality thin films of MgB2. Electron microscopy images and STM topography together with the STS investigation allow a direct correlation between tunnelling direction and the observed tunnelling spectra, confirming that the two-gap state is intrinsic to MgB2. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, NCRICS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Iavarone, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maria@anl.gov RI Iavarone, Maria/C-3628-2008; Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906; Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP S106 EP S111 AR PII S0953-2048(04)72279-4 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/003 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 825XS UT WOS:000221792700004 ER PT J AU Imbasciati, L Bauer, P Ambrosio, G Lamm, M Caspi, S Chiesa, L Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Lietzke, A Gourlay, S AF Imbasciati, L Bauer, P Ambrosio, G Lamm, M Caspi, S Chiesa, L Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Lietzke, A Gourlay, S TI Study of the effects of high temperatures during quenches on the performance of a small Nb3Sn racetrack magnet SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2003) CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID NIOBIUM-TIN; CABLE AB Several high field Nb3Sn magnets of different design are under development for future particle accelerators. The high levels of stored energy in these magnets and the high current densities in the conductor can cause high peak temperatures during a quench. The thermal gradients generated in the epoxy-Impregnated magnet coils during the fast temperature rise can result in high thermo-mechanical stresses. Considering the sensitivity of Nb3Sn to strain and epoxy cracks, it is important to define a maximum acceptable temperature in the coils during a quench which does not cause degradation of the magnet performance. A program was launched at Fermilab to study the effects of thermo-mechanical stress in Nb3Sn coils, supported by experiments and by analysis. In collaboration with LBNL, a sub-scaled magnet was built and instrumented to measure the effect of the thermo-mechanical shock during magnet quenches. The magnet consisted of two racetrack coils, assembled in a common coil configuration with a small gap in between. During the test, the magnet reached the maximum field of similar to11 T at the short sample current of 9100 A. Temperature excursions up to 400 K did not diminish the magnet quench performance; only after temperature excursions over 430 K did the magnet show detraining effects, which occasionally reduced the quench current to about 6%. Signs of irreversible degradation (reducing the maximum current of about 3%) appeared only after temperature excursions over 550 K. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Imbasciati, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP S389 EP S393 AR PII S0953-2048(04)72953-X DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/060 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 825XS UT WOS:000221792700061 ER PT J AU Kreiskott, S Arendt, PN Coulter, JY Dowden, PC Foltyn, SR Gibbons, BJ Matias, V Sheehan, CJ AF Kreiskott, S Arendt, PN Coulter, JY Dowden, PC Foltyn, SR Gibbons, BJ Matias, V Sheehan, CJ TI Reel-to-reel preparation of ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD)-MgO based coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2003) CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID MGO TEMPLATE; LAYERS; FILMS AB We report on our efforts in developing and scaling-up the systems for IBAD-MgO based coated conductor fabrication. The overall fabrication process involves a number of different processes including: electropolishing of the substrates; barrier-layer, seed-layer, and IBAD-MgO deposition by e-beam evaporation; and pulsed laser deposition of buffer and YBCO layers. All processes are realized in reel-to-reel processing systems. Latest results have shown that the IBAD-MgO approach yields coated conductor performance comparable to the best results achieved elsewhere to date. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kreiskott, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP S132 EP S134 AR PII S0953-2048(04)73089-4 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/008 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 825XS UT WOS:000221792700009 ER PT J AU Xi, XX Pogrebnyakov, AV Zeng, XH Redwing, JM Xu, SY Li, Q Liu, ZK Lettieri, J Vaithyanathan, V Schlom, DG Christen, HM Zhai, HY Goyal, A AF Xi, XX Pogrebnyakov, AV Zeng, XH Redwing, JM Xu, SY Li, Q Liu, ZK Lettieri, J Vaithyanathan, V Schlom, DG Christen, HM Zhai, HY Goyal, A TI Progress in the deposition of MgB2 thin films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2003) CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Sorrento, ITALY ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE FILMS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; IN-SITU GROWTH; MICROWAVE SURFACE-RESISTANCE; SUPERCONDUCTING MGB2; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; ION-BEAM AB An MgB2 thin film deposition technology is the first critical step in the development of superconducting electronics utilizing the 39 K superconductor. It turned out to be a challenging task due to the volatility of Mg and phase stability of MgB2, the low sticking coefficients of Mg at elevated temperatures, and the reactivity of Mg with oxygen. A brief overview of current deposition techniques is provided here from a thermodynamic perspective, with an emphasis on a very successful technique for high quality in situ epitaxial MgB2 films, the hybrid physical-chemical vapour deposition. Examples of heterostructures of MgB2 with other materials are also presented. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xi, XX (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 NR 74 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5 SI SI BP S196 EP S201 AR PII S0953-2048(04)71770-4 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/5/021 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 825XS UT WOS:000221792700022 ER PT J AU Frolov, VD Pimenov, SM Konov, VI Polyakov, VI Rukovishnikov, AI Rossukanyi, NM Carlisle, JA Gruen, DM AF Frolov, VD Pimenov, SM Konov, VI Polyakov, VI Rukovishnikov, AI Rossukanyi, NM Carlisle, JA Gruen, DM TI Electronic properties of low-field-emitting ultrananocrystalline diamond films SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE DE diamond films; nanostructures; electronic properties; correlations ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; CVD DIAMOND; EMISSION; PLASMAS AB This work reports on electronic properties of nitrogen-doped, n-type ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films grown on p-type Si substrates from CH4-Ar-N-2 gas mixtures using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition technique. Films similar to1 mum thick were grown with 5%N-2 and 10%N-2 in the plasmas. Charge-based deep-level transient spectroscopy showed a shallow level of point defects with an activation energy of similar to0.05 eV. The density of these shallow defects was increased with increasing nitrogen content in the plasma. Complex scanning probe microscopy methods were applied to study the film microstructure. Generally it was found that the nitrogen-doped UNCD films showed a periodic 'cell-like' structure in which the cell with a lateral size of several nanometers was less conducting than the boundary between the cells. The boundary width was found to be 0.5-1 nm. The observed details of the periodic structure can be associated with diamond nanocrystallites (grains) and grain boundaries, respectively. In addition, 2-5 nm high-conducting inclusions clustered on the film surface were observed. It was noted that the emission field was inversely proportional to the film electroconductivity, and the lowest emission field of F similar to 10 V mum(-1) was detected near the high-conducting inclusions. Moreover, the surface electron potential at the emission sites was lowered. The reasons why the shallow donor center is predominantly introduced by nitrogen incorporated into the grain boundaries and the possible mechanisms of low-field electron emission from the nitrogen-doped UNCD films have been discussed. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Inst Gen Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Moscow 103907, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Frolov, VD (reprint author), Inst Gen Phys, 38 Vavilov Str, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM frolov@ran.gpi.ru NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 449 EP 454 DI 10.1002/sia.1709 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 833YO UT WOS:000222377800019 ER PT J AU Marquis, EA Seidman, DN AF Marquis, EA Seidman, DN TI Nanostructural evolution of Al3Sc precipitates in an Al-Sc-Mg alloy by three-dimensional atom probe microscopy SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE DE atom probe microscopy; Mg segregation; coherent heterophase interface; Gibbsian excess ID SCALE AB The effects of Mg alloying on the precipitation of Al3Sc precipitates were investigated, focusing on nanostructural. evolution during isothermal aging at 300degreesC. Three-dimensional atom probe microscopy was performed on samples both in the as-quenched state and after aging for various times. Magnesium tends to segregate at the coherent Al/Al3Sc interface, with a measured value of 1.9 +/- 0.5 atom nm(-2) for the relative Gibbsian excess of Mg with respect to Al and Sc. This value is constant for all heat treatments, thereby demonstrating that the system is in global thermodynamic equilibrium. This study provides direct experimental evidence for first-principles calculations, which explain morphological changes of Al3Sc precipitates in the presence of Mg observed by high-resolution electron microscopy. Evidence for the presence of Mg atoms in the center of the precipitates is also found, and is discussed in terms of heterogeneous nucleation of the precipitates on Mg-Sc atomic clusters. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Marquis, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM emarqui@sandia.gov RI Seidman, David/B-6697-2009; LAI, JING/F-6526-2010; Marquis, Emmanuelle/O-5647-2014 OI Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1002/sia.1699 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 833YO UT WOS:000222377800041 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Glade, SC Johnson, WL AF Miller, MK Glade, SC Johnson, WL TI Phase separation in Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE DE atom probe; bulk metallic glass; phase separation ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; CU47TI34ZR11NI8 AB An atom probe tomography characterization of the microstructure of as-cast Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 that was either injection cast into a copper mold (cooling rate 4 x 10(3) K s(-1)) or splat quenched (cooling rate 2 X 10(6) K s(-1)) has been performed. In both materials, the bulk metallic glass had phase-separated into two interconnected amorphous phases. The copper-enriched regions were depleted in titanium and the copper-depleted regions were enriched in titanium. There was no difference in the degree of phase separation associated with the cooling rate. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 598 EP + DI 10.1002/sia.1718 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 833YO UT WOS:000222377800049 ER PT J AU Miller, MK AF Miller, MK TI Proposed XML-based three-dimensional atom probe data standard SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 2002 CL LYON, FRANCE DE atom probe; data exchange; XML AB A platform-independent extensible markup language (XML) standard to describe all types of three-dimensional and classical atom probe data is proposed. An associated XML-based peak assignment or range file format is also described. XML-based databases of elemental parameters and predefined colors are described. These standard formats should facilitate the exchange and analysis of three-dimensional atom probe data. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy Microanal Microstruct Grp, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAY-JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 601 EP 605 DI 10.1002/sia.1719 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 833YO UT WOS:000222377800050 ER PT J AU Hershberger, J Woodford, JB Erdemir, A Fenske, GR AF Hershberger, J Woodford, JB Erdemir, A Fenske, GR TI Friction and wear behavior of near-frictionless carbon coatings in formulated gasolines SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amorphous; profilometry; PACVD; carbon ID ENGINES; INJECTORS AB Million-cycle reciprocating wear tests have been carried out to determine the ultimate wear lifetime of near-frictionless carbon (NFC) coatings applied to production fuel-injector tips. Wear tests were performed in existing and reformulated gasolines as part of a study to improve fuel systems for spark-ignited, direct-injected (SIDI) engines. Ball-on-three-disc (BOTD) tests were performed to determine the lubricity of the gasolines, and the wear surfaces were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. NFC coatings reduced friction and total wear by up to 48% and 39%, respectively. No evidence was seen of coating graphitization, the formation of transfer films from the coatings, or the presence of chemical protective films originating from the gasolines. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hershberger, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jhersh@anl.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 183 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.09.048 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 822CL UT WOS:000221512200014 ER PT J AU Tobin, JG Schumann, FO AF Tobin, JG Schumann, FO TI Direct extraction of exchange splittings from magnetic X-ray dichroism in photoelectron spectroscopy (vol 395, pg 227, 1998) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Correction DE alloys; angle resolved photoemission; iron; magnetic films; magnetic phenomena (cyclotron resonance; phase transitions, etc.); magnetic surfaces; nickel; photoelectron spectroscopy; semi-empirical models and model calculations; soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Free Univ Berlin, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Tobin1@LLNL.Gov RI Schumann, Frank /K-9364-2014; Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 556 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.03.019 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 815SC UT WOS:000221061000009 ER PT J AU Reese, CS Wilson, AG Hamada, M Martz, HF AF Reese, CS Wilson, AG Hamada, M Martz, HF TI Integrated analysis of computer and physical experiments SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical models; calibratiom; regression AB Scientific investigations frequently involve data from computer experiment(s) as well as related physical experimental data on the same factors and related response variable(s). There may also be one or more expert opinions regarding the response of interest. Traditional statistical approaches consider each of these datasets separately with corresponding separate analyses and fitted statistical models. A compelling argument can be made that better, more precise statistical models can be obtained if the combined data are analyzed simultaneously using a hierarchical Bayesian integrated modeling approach. However, such an integrated approach must recognize important differences, such as possible biases, in these experiments and expert opinions. We illustrate our proposed integrated methodology by using it to model the thermodynamic operation point of a top-spray fluidized bed microencapsulation processing unit. Such units are used in the food industry to tune the effect of functional ingredients and additives. An important thermodynamic response variable of interest, Y. is the steady-state outlet air temperature. In addition to a set of physical experimental observations involving six factors used to predict Y, similar results from three different computer models are also available. The integrated data from the physical experiment and the three computer models are used to fit an appropriate response Surface (regression) model for predicting Y. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Stat, Chicago, IL 60208 USA. RP Reese, CS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM reese@stat.byu.edu OI Wilson, Alyson/0000-0003-1461-6212 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD MAY PY 2004 VL 46 IS 2 BP 153 EP 164 DI 10.1198/004017004000000211 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 813PC UT WOS:000220918000004 ER PT J AU Synowicki, RA Hilfiker, JN Whitman, PK AF Synowicki, RA Hilfiker, JN Whitman, PK TI Mueller matrix ellipsometry study of uniaxial deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE-3) CY JUL 06-12, 2003 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE ellipsometry; Mueller matrix; refractive index; optical anisotropy; deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate; potassium dihydrogen phosphate; VASE; optical axis ID SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; GENERALIZED ELLIPSOMETRY AB Deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) is used for third harmonic generation (frequency tripling) in high power laser applications [Ferroelectrics, 72, 1987, 397-441; Int. Mater. Rev. 47, 2002, 113-152]. DKDP is a uniaxial anisotropic crystal, which is highly transparent in the visible and infrared spectral ranges. This makes DKDP challenging but well suited for study by both transmission ellipsometry and more conventional reflection-mode ellipsometry. Mueller matrix ellipsometry measurements were required because the data included both anisotropic and depolarizing effects. A rotating analyzer ellipsometer, with computer-controlled Berek compensator after the input polarizer and before the sample, allowed measurement of 11 Mueller matrix elements in transmission mode. Spectroscopic transmission Mueller matrix measurements allow the index difference Deltan = n(o) - n(c) to be determined throughout the transparent spectral range along with the orientation of the optic axis. Reflection mode ellipsometry is used to extract the absolute index of the ordinary component over the spectral range 0.73 to 9 eV (138-1700 nm). Determination of one index component allows calculation of the other component since the difference n(o) - n(e) is known from the transmission Mueller matrix measurements. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 JA Woollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Synowicki, RA (reprint author), JA Woollam Co Inc, 645 M St,Suite 102, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. EM rsynowicki@jawoolam.com RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 455 BP 624 EP 627 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.02.027 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 824MF UT WOS:000221690000115 ER PT J AU Ferlauto, AS Ferreira, GM Koval, RJ Pearce, JM Wronski, CR Collins, RW Al-Jassim, MM Jones, KM AF Ferlauto, AS Ferreira, GM Koval, RJ Pearce, JM Wronski, CR Collins, RW Al-Jassim, MM Jones, KM TI Evaluation of compositional depth profiles in mixed-phase (amorphous plus crystalline) silicon films from real time spectroscopic ellipsometry SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE-3) CY JUL 06-12, 2003 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE); silicon film growth; mixed-phase silicon films; microcrystalline silicon (mu c-Si : H); composition gradients ID SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; EVOLUTION; GROWTH; GAP AB The ability to characterize the phase of the intrinsic (i) semiconductor layers incorporated into amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline silicon (muc-SM) thin film solar cells is critically important for device optimization. In this study, a new method has been developed to extract the thickness evolution of the muc-Si:H volume fraction in mixed-phase amorphous + microcrystalline silicon [(a+muc)-Si:H] i-layers. This method applies real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) performed using a rotating-compensator multichannel ellipsometer during r.f. plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of the films, in conjunction with a two-layer virtual interface analysis of the RTSE data. In this analysis, the depth profile of the muc-SM volume fraction in the mixed-phase growth regime can be determined simultaneously with the evolution of the surface roughness layer thickness. From this information, the microcrystal lite nucleation density and cone angle can be estimated, the latter describing the preferential growth of the silicon microcrystallites. The results from RTSE analysis correlate well with structural and p-i-n solar cell device measurements. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Collins, RW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rwc@psu.edu RI Pearce, Joshua/D-2052-2010; FERLAUTO, ANDRE/C-1209-2013; Pearce, Joshua/C-9240-2013 OI Pearce, Joshua/0000-0002-4894-5332; FERLAUTO, ANDRE/0000-0003-3056-7289; Pearce, Joshua/0000-0001-9802-3056 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 455 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.11.228 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 824MF UT WOS:000221690000123 ER PT J AU Levi, DH Nelson, BP Iwanizcko, E Teplin, CW AF Levi, DH Nelson, BP Iwanizcko, E Teplin, CW TI In-situ studies of the growth of amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon using real time spectroscopic ellipsometry SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE-3) CY JUL 06-12, 2003 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE hot-wire deposition; spectroscopic ellipsometry; in-situ; nanocrystalline silicon ID HIGH DEPOSITION RATES; FILM SOLAR-CELLS; MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON AB Real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) has been used to characterize the optical and structural properties of hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) deposited amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon as a function of hydrogen dilution, substrate temperature, and gas pressure. Throughout the range of parameters investigated in this three-dimensional parameter space we find good correlations between post-deposition conductivity measurements and the thickness of the film at the transition from amorphous to nanocrystalline growth, as indicated by a smoothering transition in the surface roughness measured by RTSE during film growth. These results validate the use of RTSE as an in-situ diagnostic to elucidate the nature of HWCVD film growth, particularly as it relates to maximization of photovoltaic device efficiency. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Levi, DH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Dean_Levi@NREL.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD MAY 1 PY 2004 VL 455 BP 679 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.11.235 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 824MF UT WOS:000221690000126 ER PT J AU Lu, XJ Sun, YW Petersen, JN AF Lu, XJ Sun, YW Petersen, JN TI Analytical solutions of TCE transport with convergent reactions, Transport in Porous Media 51, 211-225, 2003 SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Letter C1 Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lu, XJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. RI Petersen, James/B-8924-2008; Sun, Yunwei/C-9751-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD MAY PY 2004 VL 55 IS 2 BP 255 EP 255 DI 10.1023/B:TIPM.0000010724.86882.2b PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 759ZY UT WOS:000187786600011 ER PT J AU Matteucci, G Frost, BG Medina, FF AF Matteucci, G Frost, BG Medina, FF TI Study of the field around magnetic force microscopy probes using electron holography SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE magnetic probes; leakage fields; magnetic force microscopy; electron holography ID LEAKAGE FIELD; TIPS AB We have used electron holography to perform quantitative investigations of the leakage flux of thin film tips used as probes in magnetic force microscopy. A method to deduce an arrangement of magnetic domains in a thin magnetic whisker from the knowledge of the stray flux is also described. A simple analytical model of the magnetic propel-ties of the probes allows the extraction of computer images, which simulate the experimental results satisfactory. The reliability of the recorded experimental maps of the magnetic flux arising from these kinds of sensors allows all evaluation of the total flux affecting the sample and the calculation of the magnetic field profile along the tip axis. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dept Phys, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Antioquia, Dept Phys, Medellin 1226, Colombia. RP Matteucci, G (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Dept Phys, Vlle B Pichat 612, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM matteucci@df.unibo.it NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD MAY PY 2004 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2003.06.001 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 817QL UT WOS:000221191900002 PM 15093936 ER PT J AU Rockhold, ML Yarwood, RR Selker, JS AF Rockhold, ML Yarwood, RR Selker, JS TI Coupled microbial and transport processes in soils SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; REACTIVE GROUNDWATER TRANSPORT; IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION; DEEP-BED FILTRATION; SAND COLUMNS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; BACTERIAL TRANSPORT; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB This paper reviews methods for modeling coupled microbial and transport processes in variably saturated porous media. Of special interest in this work are interactions between active microbial growth other transport processes such as gas diffusion and interphase of O-2 and other constituents that partition between the and gas phases. The role of gas-liquid interfaces on microbial transport is also discussed, and various possible kinetic and equilibrium formulations for bacterial cell attachment and detachment are reviewed. The primary objective of this paper is to highlight areas in which additional research may be needed-both experimental and numerical-to elucidate mechanisms associated with the complex interactions that take place between microbial processes and flow and transport processes in soils. In addition to their general ecological significance, these interactions have global-scale implications for C cycling in the environment and the related issue of climate change. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Rockhold, ML (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999-MS K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Mark.Rockhold@pnl.gov OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 NR 138 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 368 EP 383 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800005 ER PT J AU Helm-Clark, CM Smith, RP Rodgers, DW Knutson, CF AF Helm-Clark, CM Smith, RP Rodgers, DW Knutson, CF TI Neutron log measurement of moisture in unsaturated basalt: Progress and problems SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The research described here examines whether neutron logs can be used in unsaturated basalt to quantitatively estimate moisture content, and, in tandem with other wireline logs, to determine the relative to neutron log response by minerals containing chemically bound H. Our results show that it should be possible to quantitatively correlate neutron log response to the amount of both bound and unbound H regardless of saturated or unsaturated conditions. Such a correlation is possible only if bulk density, saturated porosity and neutron log response are already known in saturated conditions. It is not yet known, however, what the exact form of this correlation should be. To evaluate the candidate correlation equations, we compare measured permeability in unsaturated basalts with the calculated H content derived from these correlations. As the result of this evaluation, we identify intervals of clay-free impermeable, unsaturated basalt with apparently high H content. The neutron log response in these intervals may be caused by localized variations of the neutron slowing-down L-s, due to low concentration of H in the formation and borehole environment. When L-s is greater than the source-detector spacing of a neutron logging tool, the neutron log response can invert, resulting in potentially faulty interpretation of neutron logs. These measurement uncertainties in unsaturated basalts might be overcome by using a neutron logging tool with both a higher-flux neutron source and intron creased source-detector spacing, or a neutron tool with several detectors placed at different spacing from the source. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Helm-Clark, CM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,Mail Stop 2107, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM helmcc@inel.gov NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800017 ER PT J AU Sun, AY Zhang, DX AF Sun, AY Zhang, DX TI A solute flux approach to transport through bounded, unsaturated heterogeneous porous media SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NONSTATIONARY STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; FIELD SCALE; SOIL; FLOW; DISPERSION; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; MODEL AB In this paper, we present a solute flux approach for analyzing solute transport statistics in statistically nonstationary, unsaturated flow. Flow nonstationarity in the vadose zone may arise from a number of It is useful to develop a systematic approach that incorporates these factors into an uncertainty analysis. We first derive the general forms for solute flux moments. The solute flux moments are associated with one- and two-particle joint probability distribution functions (JPDF). We illustrate our results for certain forms of one- particle and two-particle JPDFs, in which the particle travel time is assumed to be lognormally distributed and the particle transverse displacement normally distributed. In the numerical examples, the Eulerian velocity moments is obtained by solving the head moment equations numerically using a finite-difference method. Our results show that flow nonstationarity has a significant impact on the statistics of solute fluxes and solute breakthrough curves. C1 SW Res Inst, Ctr Nucl Waste & Regulatory Anal, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sun, AY (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Ctr Nucl Waste & Regulatory Anal, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM asun@cnwra.swri.edu RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; Sun, Alexander/A-9959-2011 OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 513 EP 526 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800020 ER PT J AU Hubbell, JM Nicholl, MJ Sisson, JB McElroy, DL AF Hubbell, JM Nicholl, MJ Sisson, JB McElroy, DL TI Application of a Darcian approach to estimate liquid flux in a deep vadose zone SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER MOVEMENT; SITE AB Approaches for estimating liquid flux in the shallow ( 0 - 2 m) vadose zone are hindered by the high degree of spatial and temporal variability present near the land surface. It is hypothesized that high- frequency variations in flux will be damped with depth. This study was conducted to estimate deep liquid flux using the Darcian approach at a waste disposal site in south-central Idaho that is underlain by a complex sequence of unsaturated basalt flows intercalated with thin sedimentary layers. Flux is estimated by combining in situ water potential measurements from sedimentary interbeds located at depths of 34 and 73 m below land surface (bls) with laboratory estimates for the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Tensiometer data at seven locations indicated nearly constant conditions for 30 mo, while nine of the other 10 sites showed small gradual trends. Assumption of a unit hydraulic gradient led to flux estimates ranging from 0.2 to 10 000 cm yr(-1). Estimates in the 34-m interbed ranged across four orders of magnitude while flux estimates for the 73-m interbed ranged three orders of magnitude. While the tensiometer data appear to reflect in situ conditions and are a sensitive indicator of hydrologic conditions in deep vadose zone, the laboratory-developed hydraulic properties introduce a high degree of uncertainty, potentially affecting predictions by orders of magnitude. There is a need to develop techniques for assessing flux rates for the range of applicable field conditions to improve the confidence in deep flux estimates. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Geosci Res Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89122 USA. RP Hubbell, JM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Geosci Res Dept, POB 1625,MS 2107, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jmh@inel.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 560 EP 569 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800024 ER PT J AU Su, GW Geller, JT Hunt, JR Pruess, K AF Su, GW Geller, JT Hunt, JR Pruess, K TI Small-scale features of gravity-driven flow in unsaturated fractures SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROUGH-WALLED FRACTURES; POROUS-MEDIA; LIQUID-DROPS; INFILTRATION; INSTABILITY; DISPLACEMENTS; DIMENSIONS; PATHS AB Liquid flow through unsaturated fractures often proceeds as fingers or preferential flow paths. During the invasion of liquid fingers into an initially dry, nonhorizontal fracture, fingers may drain, forming a narrow thread of liquid called a rivulet that connects to awider portion of liquid at the advancing front, defined as a blob. Experimental studies using idealized fractures were performed to investigate the effects of wettability, surface roughness, and aperture size on several important features of gravity-driven flow in fractures: liquid drainage, blob migration, and rivulet flow. The experiments demonstrate that the critical length of the blob before drainage occurred was significantly longer on surfaces with intermediate wettability and on surfaces with roughness on the order of 100 mum than on a smooth, flat water-wetting surface. However, drainage did not occur on surfaces with smaller-scale roughness on the order of 10 mum. Blob velocities were also measured and were always less than the saturated gravity-driven flow velocity, even when a liquid with a static contact angle of zero was used. This in velocity was attributed to contact angle hysteresis. Rivulet measured as a function of flow rate between glass and acrylic parallel plates were generally larger on the acrylic plates than the glass plates for a particular flow rate, demonstrating the sensitivity rivulet flow to wettability. In addition, the cubic law overpredicted the measured rivulet widths, except for the widths measured between the acrylic plates at 20degrees. The effect of aperture variability on rivulet flow was also examined. At a critical aperture ranging between 0.25 and 0.37 mm, the liquid in the rivulet did not completely span the aperture, forming two streamlets of liquid on either side of the fracture. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Su, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gwsu@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 592 EP 601 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800026 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Wu, YS Bodvarsson, GS Liu, HH AF Zhang, K Wu, YS Bodvarsson, GS Liu, HH TI Flow focusing in unsaturated fracture networks: A numerical investigation SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WALLED ROCK FRACTURES; WATER SEEPAGE; RELATIVE PERMEABILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; MODEL; MASS AB A numerical modeling study is presented to investigate flow focusing phenomena in a large-scale fracture network, constructed using field data collected from the unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, the proposed repository site for high-level nuclear waste. The two-dimensional fracture network for an area of 100 by 150 m contains more than 20 000 fractures. Steady state unsaturated flow in the fracture network is investigated for different boundary conditions and rock properties. Simulation results indicate that flow paths are generally vertical, and that horizontal fractures mainly provide pathways between neighboring vertical paths. In addition to fracture properties, flow - focusing phenomena are also affected by rock - matrix permeability, with lower matrix permeability leading to a high degree of flow focusing. The simulation results further indicate that the average spacing between flow paths in a layered system tends to increase and flow tends to become more focused, with depth. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kzhang@lbl.gov RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 624 EP 633 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BA UT WOS:000227468800028 ER PT J AU Fuerschbach, PW Norris, JT Dykhuizen, RC Mahoney, AR AF Fuerschbach, PW Norris, JT Dykhuizen, RC Mahoney, AR TI Development and evaluation of an in-situ beam measurement for spot welding lasers SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE laser beam welding; laser focus; spot weld; laserscope; ISO 11146; beam quality; process control AB A straightforward and accurate method for measuring the laser beam diameter at focus is desired in order to develop fundamental understanding and for routine process control. These measurements are useful for laser materials processing by assuring laser performance consistency at the workpiece. By employing multiple-shot exposures on Kapton(TM) film, an unambiguous and precise measurement of the focused Nd:YAG laser beam diameter for spot welding lasers was obtained. A comparison of focused beam measurements produced with the Prometec laserscope and an ISO variable aperture method found that these two methods, which both measure the 86% energy contour, do closely agree. In contrast, Kapton film was found to measure the 99% beam energy contour and to diverge from measurements made with the other two methods. The divergence between Kapton and the other two methods was shown to be due to changes in the laser irradiance distribution that do not affect the location of the 99% energy contour. Since the 86% beam diameter was seen to not always be representative of the true beam diameter, the 99% Kapton film diameter can provide a more representative measurement of the focused laser for in-situ process control. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fuerschbach, PW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 83 IS 5 BP 154S EP 159S PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 818OX UT WOS:000221255500014 ER PT J AU Facciotti, MT Rouhani, S Glaeser, RM AF Facciotti, MT Rouhani, S Glaeser, RM TI Crystal structures of bR(D85S) favor a model of bacteriorhodopsin as a hydroxyl-ion pump SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Structure, Dynamics and Function of Proteins in Biological Membranes CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Monte Verita, Ascona, SWITZERLAND HO Monte Verita DE bacteriorhodopsin; ion pump; hydroxyl ion ID PROTON RELEASE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; RETINAL CHROMOPHORE; ASPARTIC ACID-96; SCHIFF-BASE; D85S MUTANT; M-STATE; PHOTOCYCLE; INTERMEDIATE; MEMBRANE AB Structural features on the extracellular side of the D85S mutant of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) suggest that wild-type bR could be a hydroxyl-ion pump. A position between the protonated Schiff base and residue 85 serves as an anion-binding site in the mutant protein, and hydroxyl ions should have access to this site during the O-intermediate of the wild-type bR photo-cycle. The guanidinium group of R82 is proposed (1) to serve as a shuttle that eliminates the Born energy penalty for entry of an anion into this binding pocket, and conversely, (2) to block the exit of a proton or a related proton carrier. (C) 2004 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glaeser, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mfacciotti@systemsbiology.org; srmanshadi@lbl.gov; rmglaeser@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM51487] NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 564 IS 3 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00208-X PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 817IG UT WOS:000221170600017 PM 15111113 ER PT J AU Chen, WNU Woodbury, RL Kathmann, LE Opresko, LK Zangar, RC Wiley, HS Thrall, BD AF Chen, WNU Woodbury, RL Kathmann, LE Opresko, LK Zangar, RC Wiley, HS Thrall, BD TI Induced autocrine signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor contributes to the response of mammary epithelial cells to tumor necrosis factor alpha SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; EGF RECEPTOR; TYROSINE KINASE; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; TGF-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; METALLOPROTEINASE; PROLIFERATION AB In contrast to the well known cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha in many mammary cancer cells, we have found that TNF stimulates the proliferation and motility of human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Since the response of HMECs to TNF is similar to effects mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) activation, we explored the potential role of cross-talk through the EGFR signaling pathways in mediating cellular responses to TNF. Using a microarray enzyme-linked immunoassay, we found that exposure to TNF stimulated the dose-dependent shedding of the EGFR ligand transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha). Both proliferation and motility of HMECs induced by TNF was prevented either by inhibiting membrane protein shedding with a metalloprotease inhibitor, by blocking epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) kinase activity, or by limiting ligand-receptor interactions with an antagonistic anti-EGFR antibody. EGFR activity was also necessary for TNF-induced release of matrix metalloprotease-9, thought to be an essential regulator of mammary cell migration. The cellular response to TNF was associated with a biphasic temporal pattern of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, which was EGFR-dependent and modulated by inhibition of metalloprotease-mediated shedding. Significantly, the late phase of ERK phosphorylation, detectable within 4 h after exposure, was blocked by the metalloprotease inhibitor batimastat, indicating that autocrine signaling through ligand shedding was responsible for this secondary wave of ERK activity. Our results indicate a novel and important role for metalloprotease activation and EGFR transmodulation in mediating the cellular response to TNF. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Cell Biol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thrall, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Cell Biol Grp, Box 999,Mail Stop P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.thrall@pnl.gov OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA93306] NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 18 BP 18488 EP 18496 DI 10.1074/jbc.M310874200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 815KP UT WOS:000221041500049 PM 14978035 ER PT J AU Heller, WT Vigil, D Brown, S Blumenthal, DK Taylor, SS Trewhella, J AF Heller, WT Vigil, D Brown, S Blumenthal, DK Taylor, SS Trewhella, J TI C Subunits binding to the protein kinase a RI alpha dimer induce a large conformational change SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA REGULATORY SUBUNIT; AMIDE H/H-2 EXCHANGE; CATALYTIC-SUBUNIT; I-ALPHA; TROPONIN-C; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; CAMP BINDING; X-RAY; COMPLEX AB We present structural data on the RIalpha isoform of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A that reveal, for the first time, a large scale conformational change within the RIalpha homodimer upon catalytic subunit binding. This result infers that the inhibition of catalytic subunit activity is not the result of a simple docking process but rather is a multi-step process involving local conformational changes both in the cAMP-binding domains as well as in the linker region of the regulatory subunit that impact the global structure of the regulatory homodimer. The results were obtained using small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation and deuterium labeling. From these experiments we derived information on the shapes and dispositions of the catalytic subunits and regulatory homodimer within a holoenzyme reconstituted with a deuterated regulatory subunit. The scattering data also show that, despite extensive sequence homology between the isoforms, the overall structure of the type Ialpha holoenzyme is significantly more compact than the type IIalpha isoform. We present a model of the type Ialpha holoenzyme, built using available high-resolution structures of the component subunits and domains, which best fits the neutron-scattering data. In this model, the type Ialpha holoenzyme forms a flattened V shape with the RIalpha dimerization domain at the point of the V and the cAMP-binding domains of the RIalpha subunits with their bound catalytic subunits at the ends. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Trewhella, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jtrewhella@lanl.gov RI Brown, Simon/A-3261-2009; OI Brown, Simon/0000-0003-3997-4614; Trewhella, Jill/0000-0002-8555-6766; Blumenthal, Donald/0000-0002-8614-1167 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM19301, GM34921] NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 18 BP 19084 EP 19090 DI 10.1074/jbc.M313405200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 815KP UT WOS:000221041500121 PM 14985329 ER PT J AU Fedorov, DG Olson, RM Kitaura, K Gordon, MS Koseki, S AF Fedorov, DG Olson, RM Kitaura, K Gordon, MS Koseki, S TI A new hierarchical parallelization scheme: Generalized distributed data interface (GDDI), and an application to the fragment molecular orbital method (FMO) SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fragment molecular orbital (FMO); GAMESS; DDI; parallel ID GAMESS AB A two-level hierarchical scheme, generalized distributed data interface (GDDI), implemented into GAMESS is presented. Parallelization is accomplished first at the upper level by assigning computational tasks to groups. Then each group does parallelization at the lower level, by dividing its task into smaller work loads. The types of computations that can be used with this scheme are limited to those for which nearly independent tasks and subtasks can be assigned. Typical examples implemented, tested, and analyzed in this work are numeric derivatives and the fragment molecular orbital method (FMO) that is used to compute large molecules quantum mechanically by dividing them into fragments. Numeric derivatives can be used for algorithms based on them, such as geometry optimizations, saddle-point searches, frequency analyses, etc. This new hierarchical scheme is found to be a flexible tool easily utilizing network topology and delivering excellent performance even on slow networks. In one of the typical tests, on 16 nodes the scalability of GDDI is 1.7 times better than that of the standard parallelization scheme DDI and on 128 nodes GDDI is 93 times faster than DDI (on a multihub Fast Ethernet network). FMO delivered scalability of 80-90% on 128 nodes, depending on the molecular system (water clusters and a protein). A numerical gradient calculation for a water cluster achieved a scalability of 70% on 128 nodes. It is expected that GDDI will become a preferred tool on massively parallel computers for appropriate computational tasks. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3056568, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. RP Fedorov, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3056568, Japan. EM d.g.fedorov@aist.go.jp NR 14 TC 161 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 25 IS 6 BP 872 EP 880 DI 10.1002/jcc.20018 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 808MT UT WOS:000220573900010 PM 15011259 ER PT J AU Harrison, N Kim, KH Jaime, M Mydosh, JA AF Harrison, N Kim, KH Jaime, M Mydosh, JA TI Metamagnetism, quantum criticality, hidden order and crystal electric fields in URu2Si2 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 20-23, 2003 CL Inst Natl Sci Appl, Toulouse, FRANCE SP Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses HO Inst Natl Sci Appl DE heavy fermions; magnetization; hidden order; quantum criticality; metamagnetism ID SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RUTHENATE SR3RU2O7; SYSTEM URU2SI2; FERMI-SURFACE; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; CERU2SI2; MICROMAGNETISM AB This paper presents a brief synopsis of magnetization, electrical transport, specific heat measurements as well as other recent work on URu2Si2, together with some topical discussions of the groundstate properties in relation to metamagnetism, quantum criticality and crystal electric fields. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nharrison@lanl.gov RI Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 346 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.027 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818VA UT WOS:000221271400020 ER PT J AU Wosnitza, J Hagel, J Kozlova, N Eckert, D Muller, KH Mielke, CH Goll, G Yoshino, T Takabatake, T AF Wosnitza, J Hagel, J Kozlova, N Eckert, D Muller, KH Mielke, CH Goll, G Yoshino, T Takabatake, T TI Transport properties of CeBiPt in magnetic fields up to 60 T SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 20-23, 2003 CL Inst Natl Sci Appl, Toulouse, FRANCE SP Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses HO Inst Natl Sci Appl DE Shubnikov-de Haas effect; Fermi-surface studies; magnetoresistance; CeBiPt; LaBiPt AB Electrical-transport measurements of the semimetal CeBiPt in magnetic fields up to 60 T reveal a drastic change of the electronic band structure. The oscillating Shubnikov-de Haas signal vanishes above about 25 T although the quantum limit is not yet reached. Above this field the magneto resistance rises strongly independent of angle and temperature. These unique features are caused by the Cc 4f electrons as evidenced by the absence of any unconventional behavior in the sister compound LaBiPt. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. LANL, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Hiroshima Univ, ADSM, Dept Quantum Matter, Higashihiroshima 7398530, Japan. RP Wosnitza, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. EM Wosnitza@physik.tu-dresden.de RI Takabatake, Toshiro/L-2882-2014; Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016 OI Takabatake, Toshiro/0000-0002-3293-8592; Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 346 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.034 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818VA UT WOS:000221271400027 ER PT J AU Frontera, C Respaud, M Garcia-Munoz, JL Llobet, A Carrillo, AE Caneiro, A Broto, JM AF Frontera, C Respaud, M Garcia-Munoz, JL Llobet, A Carrillo, AE Caneiro, A Broto, JM TI High magnetic field study of HoBaCo2O5.5 and GdBaCo2O5.5 layered cobaltites: the effect of rare-earth size SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 20-23, 2003 CL Inst Natl Sci Appl, Toulouse, FRANCE SP Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses HO Inst Natl Sci Appl DE cobalt oxides; magnetic transition ID TRANSITIONS; PEROVSKITE; LACOO3 AB By means of high-pulsed magnetic field up to mu(o)H = 32 T we have studied HoBaCo2O5+delta (delta = 0.52(1)). The high-field M(H) integrated curves evidence a magnetic field-induced phase transition visible from about T = 75 to 275 K. The obtained results are compared with the field-induced transition found for GdBaCo2O5+delta (with delta = 0.54(2)). The jump of the magnetization at the field-induced transition is independent of the rare earth at this level of oxygen content. In contrast, we have observed larger values of the critical field, and that the transition persists up to higher temperature, when reducing the rare-earth size. This indicates that the low-temperature antiferromagnetic phase becomes more stable when the size of the rare earth is reduced. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. INS, LPMC, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. LNCMP, F-31077 Toulouse, France. RP CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus Univ Bellaterra, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. EM frontera@icmab.es RI Frontera, Carlos/B-4910-2008; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Garcia-Munoz, Jose Luis /A-7983-2015 OI Frontera, Carlos/0000-0002-0091-4756; Garcia-Munoz, Jose Luis /0000-0002-4174-2794 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 346 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.059 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818VA UT WOS:000221271400052 ER PT J AU Movshovich, R Bianchi, A Capan, C Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL AF Movshovich, R Bianchi, A Capan, C Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL TI Possible Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superconducting state in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 20-23, 2003 CL Inst Natl Sci Appl, Toulouse, FRANCE SP Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses HO Inst Natl Sci Appl DE FFLO; heavy fermion; superconductivity; unconventional; inhomogeneous superconducting state ID PAULI PARAMAGNETISM; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; HEAVY-FERMION; UPD2AL3 AB We report observation of the specific heat anomaly within the superconducting state of the heavy fermion CeCoIn5. It appears in the vicinity of the superconducting critical field H-c2, where the superconducting transition changes from second to first order, above 10 T for H parallel to [110] and H parallel to [100], and above 4.7 T for H parallel to [001], and at temperatures on the order of 0.1 T-c. We interpret the anomaly within the superconducting state as a signature of a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov FFLO inhomogeneous superconducting state. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Movshovich, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM roman@lanl.gov RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 346 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.104 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818VA UT WOS:000221271400073 ER PT J AU Swenson, CA Marshall, WS Gavrilin, AV Han, K Schillig, J Sims, JR Schneider-Muntau, HJ AF Swenson, CA Marshall, WS Gavrilin, AV Han, K Schillig, J Sims, JR Schneider-Muntau, HJ TI Progress of the insert coil for the US-NHMFL 100T multi-shot pulse magnet SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 20-23, 2003 CL Inst Natl Sci Appl, Toulouse, FRANCE SP Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses HO Inst Natl Sci Appl DE pulsed-magnet; insert-coil; Cu-Nb conductor; PBO zylon-fibre; MP35N-reinforcement; 100 T ID T NONDESTRUCTIVE MAGNET; REINFORCEMENT AB We review insert development for the US-NHMFL 100 T non-destructive short-pulse magnet program. Coil electromechanics are presented in the context of the selected materials: CuNb conductor, PBO zylon-fibre, and MP35N, a cobalt-based super-alloy, reinforcement. We present the results of conductor cyclic fatigue testing and explore the data's ramifications. We present the coil geometry, and a new "poly-layer" assembly technique. We review the structure of our small coil test program to evaluate the engineering and materials design. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Schneider-Muntau, HJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM smuntau@magnet.fsu.edu NR 12 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 346 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.082 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818VA UT WOS:000221271400117 ER PT J AU Singleton, J Mielke, CH Migliori, A Boebinger, GS Lacerda, AH AF Singleton, J Mielke, CH Migliori, A Boebinger, GS Lacerda, AH TI The national high magnetic field laboratory pulsed-field facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Research in High Magnetic Fields CY JUL 20-23, 2003 CL Inst Natl Sci Appl, Toulouse, FRANCE SP Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses HO Inst Natl Sci Appl DE user facility; high magnetic fields; instrumentation; research in high magnetic fields; magnetometry; magnetoresistance; magneto-optics AB Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is the home institution of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Pulsed-Field Facility (NHMFL-PFF). NHMFL-PFF is the only pulsed-field facility in the US (among a few worldwide) to host qualified users whilst running a strong in-house science program on high magnetic field research. State-of-the-art experimental capabilities and pulsed magnets are used to examine the frontiers of condensed matter physics at extremes of high magnetic field, low temperature and high pressure. This paper describes current facilities and science and future developments at NHMFL-PFF. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, TA-35,MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jsingle@lanl.gov RI Mielke, Charles/S-6827-2016 OI Mielke, Charles/0000-0002-2096-5411 NR 8 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 346 BP 614 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.01.068 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 818VA UT WOS:000221271400127 ER PT J AU Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, DA Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhaskar, P Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guedon, M Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gushin, E Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CP Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, DA Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, S Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trivedi, MD Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Vasiliev, AN Vasiliev, M Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Cross sections and transverse single-spin asymmetries in forward neutral-pion production from proton collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PC CNI POLARIMETER; HIGH CHI-F; ANALYZING-POWER; POLARIZED ANTIPROTONS; AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY; HARD-SCATTERING; PI-0 PRODUCTION; GEV-C; QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION AB Measurements of the production of forward high-energy pi(0) mesons from transversely polarized proton collisions at root200 GeV are reported. The cross section is generally consistent with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. The analyzing power is small at x(F) below about 0.3, and becomes positive and large at higher x(F), similar to the trend in data at roots less than or equal to20 GeV. The analyzing power is in qualitative agreement with perturbative QCD model expectations. This is the first significant spin result seen for particles produced with p(T)>1 GeV/c at a polarized proton collider. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhui 230027, Peoples R China. Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. HZNU, CCNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RI Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nevski, Pavel/M-6292-2015; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014 OI Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; NR 53 TC 256 Z9 256 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 171801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.171801 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200007 PM 15169138 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, L Hruska, M Shnirman, A Smith, D Makhlin, Y AF Bulaevskii, L Hruska, M Shnirman, A Smith, D Makhlin, Y TI Nondemolition measurements of a single quantum spin using Josephson oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JUNCTION; DYNAMICS; STATES AB We consider a single localized spin-1/2 between the singlet superconducting leads of a Josephson junction (e.g., a superconducting STM). For the spin subject to a dc magnetic field Bparallel toz, we study the spin dynamics and the possibility to measure the spin state via transport through the junction embedded in a dissipative circuit. Turning on the tunneling or a voltage bias induces oscillations of the Josephson current, with an amplitude sensitive to the initial value of the z component of the spin, S-z=+/-1/2. At low temperatures, when effects of quasiparticles are negligible, this procedure realizes a quantum nondemolition measurement of S-z. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. RP Bulaevskii, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 177001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.177001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200051 PM 15169182 ER PT J AU Keeling, J Levitov, LS Littlewood, PB AF Keeling, J Levitov, LS Littlewood, PB TI Angular distribution of photoluminescence as a probe of Bose condensation of trapped excitons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED QUANTUM-WELLS; EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; POTENTIAL TRAPS; NOBEL LECTURE; SYSTEM; GAS AB Recent experiments on two-dimensional exciton systems have shown that excitons collect in shallow in-plane traps. We find that Bose condensation in a trap results in a dramatic change of the exciton photoluminescence (PL) angular distribution. The long-range coherence of the condensed state gives rise to a sharply focused peak of radiation in the direction normal to the plane. By comparing the PL profile with and without Bose condensation, we provide a simple diagnostic for the existence of a Bose condensate. The PL peak has strong temperature dependence due to the thermal order parameter phase fluctuations across the system. The angular PL distribution can also be used for imaging vortices in the trapped condensate. Vortex phase spatial variation leads to destructive interference of PL radiation in certain directions, creating nodes in the PL distribution that imprint the vortex configuration. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pulsed field Facil, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keeling, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Littlewood, Peter/B-7746-2008; Keeling, Jonathan/B-7827-2008; Cavendish, TCM/C-9489-2009 OI Keeling, Jonathan/0000-0002-4283-552X; NR 21 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 176402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.176402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200044 PM 15169175 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Heben, MJ Zhang, SB AF Kim, YH Heben, MJ Zhang, SB TI Nanotube wires on commensurate InAs surfaces: Binding energies, band alignments, and bipolar doping by the surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRON-GAS; SINGLE; TRANSISTORS; MODEL; FIELD AB Using first-principles methods, we study the physicochemical properties such as the binding mechanism and band offset for single-wall zigzag nanotubes on InAs. While the tubes maintain their structural and electronic integrity, binding energies as large as 0.4 eV per site are obtained. Except for semiconducting tubes on the polar surfaces, an approximate universal band alignment is also obtained. The exception is due to large surface dipoles. In fact, polar (111) and ((111) over bar) surfaces have opposite dipoles that cause autodoping of a (14,0) tube to the n and the p type, respectively, without actual dopant. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Kim, Yong-Hyun/C-2045-2011; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Kim, Yong-Hyun/0000-0003-4255-2068; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 176102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.176102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200040 PM 15169171 ER PT J AU Krticka, M Becvar, F Honzatko, J Tomandl, I Heil, M Kappeler, F Reifarth, R Voss, F Wisshak, K AF Krticka, M Becvar, F Honzatko, J Tomandl, I Heil, M Kappeler, F Reifarth, R Voss, F Wisshak, K TI Evidence for M1 scissors resonances built on the levels in the quasicontinuum of Dy-163 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2-STEP GAMMA-CASCADES; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; NEUTRON-CAPTURE; COLLECTIVE MODES; STATES; DEFORMATION; SYSTEMATICS; STRENGTHS AB Spectra of two-step gamma cascades following the thermal Dy-162(n,gamma)Dy-163 reaction have been measured. Distinct peaklike structures observed at the midpoints of these spectra are interpreted as a manifestation of the low-energy isovector M1 vibrational mode of excited Dy-163 nuclei. C1 Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Becvar, F (reprint author), Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, V Holesovickach 2, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. EM becvar@mbox.troja.mff.cuni.cz RI Tomandl, Ivo/G-7816-2014 NR 27 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 172501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.172501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200009 PM 15169140 ER PT J AU Liang, E Nishimura, K AF Liang, E Nishimura, K TI Bifurcation and Lorentz-factor scaling of relativistic magnetized plasma expansion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; RADIATION; EMISSION AB We report the long-term results of 21/2-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of the relativistic expansion of strongly magnetized electron-positron plasmas. When the simulation is carried to >150 light-crossing time of the initial plasma, the plasma pulse exhibits a number of remarkable properties. These include the repeated bifurcation of the pulse profile, development of a power-law momentum distribution with low-energy cutoff, and a simple scaling law for the peak Lorentz factor. C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liang, E (reprint author), Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 175005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.175005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200031 PM 15169162 ER PT J AU Masuda, T Zheludev, A Bush, A Markina, M Vasiliev, A AF Masuda, T Zheludev, A Bush, A Markina, M Vasiliev, A TI Competition between helimagnetism and commensurate quantum spin correlations in LiCu2O2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; COMPOUND LICU2O2; DIMERIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MAGNETIZATION; FRUSTRATION; STATE; FIELD AB Neutron diffraction and bulk measurements are used to determine the nature of the low-temperature ordered state in LiCu2O2, a S=1/2 spin-chain compound with competing interactions. The spin structure is found to be helimagnetic, with a propagation vector (0.5,zeta,0), zeta=0.174. The nearest-neighbor exchange constant and frustration ratio are estimated to be J(1)=5.8 meV and J(2)/J(1)=0.29, respectively. For idealized quantum spin chains, these parameter values would signify a gapped spin-liquid ground state with commensurate spin correlations. The observed temperature dependence of the magnetic propagation vector in LiCu2O2 is attributed to a competition between incommensurate helimagnetism in the classical spin model and commensurability in the quantum case. It is also proposed that long-range ordering in LiCu2O2 is facilitated by intrinsic nonstoichiometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Moscow Inst Radiotech Elect & Automat, Moscow 117464, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Low Temp Phys Dept, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Masuda, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Markina, Maria/B-8487-2009; Vasiliev, Alexander/A-7562-2008; Alexandr, Bush/R-2287-2016 OI Markina, Maria/0000-0001-8177-3387; Alexandr, Bush/0000-0003-3990-9847 NR 31 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 177201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.177201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200055 PM 15169186 ER PT J AU Michel, P Labaune, C Bandulet, HC Lewis, K Depierreux, S Hulin, S Bonnaud, G Tikhonchuk, VT Weber, S Riazuelo, G Baldis, HA Michard, A AF Michel, P Labaune, C Bandulet, HC Lewis, K Depierreux, S Hulin, S Bonnaud, G Tikhonchuk, VT Weber, S Riazuelo, G Baldis, HA Michard, A TI Strong reduction of the degree of spatial coherence of a laser beam propagating through a preformed plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICOLLISIONAL PLASMA; STIMULATED BRILLOUIN; INSTABILITY; SCATTERING AB A strong reduction of the spatial coherence of a laser beam after its propagation through a plasma has been measured using a Fresnel biprism interferometer. The laser beam was diffraction limited; the coherence width was reduced from 40 mm in vacuum down to a few mm with the plasma. Numerical results based on a paraxial model exhibit a coherence degree close to the experimental one; they also prove the importance of taking into account the nonlocal transport effects in numerical simulations for such plasma conditions. C1 CEA, DIF, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. CEA, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France. CEA, DSE, F-75015 Paris, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, CEA, UMR 5107 CNRS, Ctr Lasers Intenses & appl, F-33405 Talence, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, UMR 7605 CNRS, CEA,Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Michel, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 175001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.175001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200027 PM 15169158 ER PT J AU Ostrovsky, PM Skvortsov, MA Feigel'man, MV AF Ostrovsky, PM Skvortsov, MA Feigel'man, MV TI Coulomb blockade of proximity effect at large conductance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We consider the proximity effect in a normal dot coupled to a bulk superconducting reservoir by the tunnel contact with large normal conductance. Coulomb interaction in the dot suppresses the proximity minigap induced in the normal part of the system. We find exact expressions for the thermodynamic and tunneling minigaps as functions of the junction's capacitance. The tunneling minigap interpolates between its proximity-induced value in the regime of weak Coulomb interaction to the Coulomb gap in the regime of strong interaction. In the intermediate case a nonuniversal two-step structure of the tunneling density of states is predicted. The charge quantization in the dot is also studied. C1 LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ostrovsky, PM (reprint author), LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. EM ostrov@itp.ac.ru RI Feigelman, Mikhail/M-4113-2013 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 176805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.176805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200050 PM 15169181 ER PT J AU Ping, Y Cheng, WF Suckewer, S Clark, DS Fisch, NJ AF Ping, Y Cheng, WF Suckewer, S Clark, DS Fisch, NJ TI Amplification of ultrashort laser pulses by a resonant raman scheme in a gas-jet plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN; AMPLIFIER; REGIME; DRIVEN; BEAMS; GAIN AB Raman amplification of subpicosecond laser pulses up to 95 times is demonstrated at corresponding frequencies in a gas-jet plasma. The larger amplification is accompanied by a broader bandwidth and shorter pulse duration. Theoretical simulations show a qualitative agreement with the measurements, and the effects of the plasma conditions and laser intensities are discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept MAE, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ping, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept MAE, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 16 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 175007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.175007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200033 PM 15169164 ER PT J AU Poulin, D Blume-Kohout, R Laflamme, R Ollivier, H AF Poulin, D Blume-Kohout, R Laflamme, R Ollivier, H TI Exponential speedup with a single bit of quantum information: Measuring the average fidelity decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; COMPUTER; SYSTEMS; STABILITY; MOTION; STATES; CHAOS AB We present an efficient quantum algorithm to measure the average fidelity decay of a quantum map under perturbation using a single bit of quantum information. Our algorithm scales only as the complexity of the map under investigation. Thus for those maps admitting an efficient gate decomposition, it provides an exponential speedup over known classical procedures. Fidelity decay is important in the study of complex dynamical systems, where it is conjectured to be a signature of eigenvector statistics. Our result also illustrates the role of chaos in the process of decoherence. C1 Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2J 2W9, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. INRIA Projet Codes, F-78153 Le Chesnay, France. RP Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RI Poulin, David/A-1481-2010 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 177906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.177906 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200065 PM 15169196 ER PT J AU Qiang, J Ryne, RD Hofmann, I AF Qiang, J Ryne, RD Hofmann, I TI Space-charge driven emittance growth in a 3D mismatched anisotropic beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR ACCELERATORS; MODEL AB We investigate the phenomenon of space-charge driven emittance growth in a three-dimensional mismatched anisotropic charged particle beam with relevance to high-intensity linear accelerators. The final emittance growth can be understood as a superposition of the contributions from the mismatch-induced halo formation and from the anisotropy-induced energy exchange. The averaged emittance growth per degree of freedom is bounded from above by the so-called "free energy limit" extended by the contributions from energy exchange. The partition of the growth into longitudinal or transverse is, however, a strong function of the tune ratio including the possibility that an initially equipartitioned beam is even driven substantially away from equipartition. The growth of the beam halo extent is dominated by the effect of mismatch, whereas anisotropy itself generates practically no halo. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 174801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.174801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200026 PM 15169157 ER PT J AU Trusina, A Maslov, S Minnhagen, P Sneppen, K AF Trusina, A Maslov, S Minnhagen, P Sneppen, K TI Hierarchy measures in complex networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using each node's degree as a proxy for its importance, the topological hierarchy of a complex network is introduced and quantified. We propose a simple dynamical process used to construct networks which are either maximally or minimally hierarchical. Comparison with these extremal cases as well as with random scale-free networks allows us to better understand hierarchical versus modular features in several real-life complex networks. For random scale-free topologies the extent of topological hierarchy is shown to smoothly decline with gamma, the exponent of a degree distribution, reaching its highest possible value for gammaless than or equal to2 and quickly approaching zero for gamma>3. C1 Umea Univ, Dept Phys, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Umea Univ, Dept Phys, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM trusina@tp.umu.se; maslov@bnl.gov; minnhagen@nordita.dk; sneppen@bi.dk RI Maslov, Sergei/C-2397-2009; Trusina, Ala/L-6069-2013; trusina, ala/H-7312-2012; OI Maslov, Sergei/0000-0002-3701-492X; Trusina, Ala/0000-0003-1945-454X; Sneppen, Kim/0000-0001-9820-3567 NR 15 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 17 AR 178702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.178702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 817LO UT WOS:000221179200070 PM 15169201 ER PT J AU Gaudioso, J Salerno, RM AF Gaudioso, J Salerno, RM TI Biosecurity and research: Minimizing adverse impacts SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gaudioso, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 304 IS 5671 BP 687 EP 687 DI 10.1126/science.1096911 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 816JD UT WOS:000221105300028 PM 15118148 ER PT J AU Yin, YD Rioux, RM Erdonmez, CK Hughes, S Somorjai, GA Alivisatos, AP AF Yin, YD Rioux, RM Erdonmez, CK Hughes, S Somorjai, GA Alivisatos, AP TI Formation of hollow nanocrystals through the nanoscale Kirkendall Effect SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; COBALT; SHAPE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Hollow nanocrystals can be synthesized through a mechanism analogous to the Kirkendall Effect, in which pores form because of the difference in diffusion rates between two components in a diffusion couple. Starting with cobalt nanocrystals, we show that their reaction in solution with oxygen and either sulfur or selenium leads to the formation of hollow nanocrystals of the resulting oxide and chalcogenides. This process provides a general route to the synthesis of hollow nanostructures of a large number of compounds. A simple extension of the process yielded platinum-cobalt oxide yolk-shell nanostructures, which may serve as nanoscale reactors in catalytic applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Yin, Yadong/D-5987-2011; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Yin, Yadong/0000-0003-0218-3042; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 29 TC 2097 Z9 2130 U1 142 U2 1069 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 30 PY 2004 VL 304 IS 5671 BP 711 EP 714 DI 10.1126/science.1096566 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 816JD UT WOS:000221105300038 PM 15118156 ER EF