FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Stevens, FJ AF Stevens, FJ TI Hypothetical structure of human serum amyloid A protein SO AMYLOID-JOURNAL OF PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE helical bundle; hemocyanin; homology ID ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ACUTE-PHASE; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PRION PROTEIN; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; MACROPHAGE CHOLESTEROL; HOMOLOGOUS PROTEINS AB The proteins known as serum amyloid A (SAA) play major, but relatively uncharacterized, roles in the acute phase response and are important components of the innate immune system of humans and probably all vertebrates. N-terminal fragments of the inducible isoforms, SAA1 and SAA2, are the major constituents of fibrils formed during secondary or reactive amyloidosis. Little is known about the structure of SAA beyond secondary structure analyses and circular dichroism spectroscopic data indicating significant alpha helix conformation. Analysis of the primary structure of human SAA indicates probable homology to the N-terminal domain of hemocyanins of arthropods and suggests that approximately 80% of the molecule may consist of a helical bundle with the remaining portion of the G terminus potentially disordered. This model of SAA suggests that proposed binding sites for laminin, fibronectin, and calcium are segregated to one face of the molecule and that the heparin/heparan binding site is found in the putatively disordered region of the protein. It is possible that removal of the N-terminal 76 amino acid fragment by proteolytic cleavage found generates an unstable entity that undergoes a helix to beta strand transition analogous to the fibril process of A-beta and prion peptides. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fstevens@anl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43957] NR 76 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1350-6129 J9 AMYLOID JI Amyloid-J. Protein Fold. Disord. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1080/13506120412331272296 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 855HS UT WOS:000223964700001 PM 15478462 ER PT J AU Luo, HM Dai, S Bonnesen, PV Buchanan, AC Holbrey, JD Bridges, NJ Rogers, RD AF Luo, HM Dai, S Bonnesen, PV Buchanan, AC Holbrey, JD Bridges, NJ Rogers, RD TI Extraction of cesium ions from aqueous solutions using calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) in ionic liquids SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC NITRATE MEDIA; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; MACROCYCLIC POLYETHERS; CROWN-ETHERS; STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS; METAL-IONS; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE; EXCHANGE; WASTE AB Solvent extraction of cesium ions from aqueous solution to hydrophobic ionic liquids without the introduction of an organophilic anion in the aqueous phase was demonstrated using calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) (BOBCalixC6) as an extractant. The selectivity of this extraction process toward cesium ions and the use of a sacrificial cation exchanger (NaBPh4) to control loss of imidazolium cation to the aqueous solutions by ion exchange have been investigated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Green Mfg, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rogers, Robin/C-8265-2013; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Rogers, Robin/0000-0001-9843-7494; Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Holbrey, John/0000-0002-3084-8438 NR 43 TC 202 Z9 218 U1 8 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3078 EP 3083 DI 10.1021/ac049949k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 825KH UT WOS:000221755200021 PM 15167785 ER PT J AU Aeschliman, DB Bajic, SJ Baldwin, DP Houk, RS AF Aeschliman, DB Bajic, SJ Baldwin, DP Houk, RS TI Multivariate pattern matching of trace elements in solids by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: Source attribution and preliminary diagnosis of fractionation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FORENSIC GLASS ANALYSIS; ICP-MS; FRAGMENTS; VARIANCE; SAMPLES; OXIDE AB Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) is used with two variations of principal components analysis (PCA) for objective, routine comparisons of forensic materials without time-consuming and destructive sample dissolution. The relative concentrations of trace elements in a solid sample are examined to provide a "fingerprint" composition that can be used for identification and source matching of the material. Residue samples are matched to bulk materials using PCA. Variation of laser focus and PCA are also used to diagnose the severity of elemental fractionation in two metal samples that are prone to fractionation, brass and steel. Such fractionation remains the most significant limitation for accurate quantitative analyses by LA-ICPMS. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rshouk@iastate.edu NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 11 BP 3119 EP 3125 DI 10.1021/ac0345042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 825KH UT WOS:000221755200027 PM 15167791 ER PT J AU Xu, TF Apps, JA Pruess, K AF Xu, TF Apps, JA Pruess, K TI Numerical simulation of CO2 disposal by mineral trapping in deep aquifers SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ALBERTA SEDIMENTARY BASIN; OIL-FIELD WATERS; DISSOLUTION KINETICS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NATURAL-GAS; FLUID-FLOW; THERMAL DECARBOXYLATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS; EASTERN AUSTRALIA AB Carbon dioxide disposal into deep aquifers is a potential means whereby atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases may be reduced. However, our knowledge of the geohydrology, geochemistry, geophysics, and geomechanics of CO2 disposal must be refined if this technology is to be implemented safely, efficiently, and predictably. As a prelude to a fully coupled treatment of physical and chemical effects of CO2 injection, the authors have analyzed the impact of CO2 immobilization through carbonate mineral precipitation. Batch reaction modeling of the geochemical evolution of 3 different aquifer mineral compositions in the presence of CO2 at high pressure were performed. The modeling considered the following important factors affecting CO2 sequestration: (1) the kinetics of chemical interactions between the host rock minerals and the aqueous phase, (2) CO2 solubility dependence on pressure, temperature and salinity of the system, and (3) redox processes that could be important in deep subsurface environments. The geochemical evolution under CO2 injection conditions was evaluated. In addition, changes in porosity were monitored during the simulations. Results indicate that CO2 sequestration by matrix minerals varies considerably with rock type. Under favorable conditions the amount Of CO2 that may be sequestered by precipitation of secondary carbonates is comparable with and can be larger than the effect of CO2 dissolution in pore waters. The precipitation of ankerite and siderite is sensitive to the rate of reduction of Fe(III) mineral precursors such as goethite or glauconite. The accumulation of carbonates in the rock matrix leads to a considerable decrease in porosity. This in turn adversely affects permeability and fluid flow in the aquifer. The numerical experiments described here provide useful insight into sequestration mechanisms, and their controlling geochemical conditions and parameters. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tianfu_xu@url.gov NR 84 TC 263 Z9 290 U1 12 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 917 EP 936 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2003.11.003 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 818LO UT WOS:000221246800008 ER PT J AU Pack, MV Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV AF Pack, MV Armstrong, DJ Smith, AV TI Measurement of the X-(2) tensors of KTiOPO4, KTiOAsO4, RbTiOPO4, and RbTiOAsO4 crystals SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL COEFFICIENTS; GENERATION AB We use the separated-beams method to measure the second-order nonlinear optical tensors of the crystals KTiOPO4, KTiOAsO4, RbTiOPO4, and RbTiOAsO4 for second-harmonic generation of 1064-nm light. Our results agree well with most previous measurements but have improved precision. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1118, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM arlsmit@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 16 BP 3319 EP 3323 DI 10.1364/AO.43.003319 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 824WL UT WOS:000221717800017 PM 15181814 ER PT J AU Frank, JH Chen, XL Patterson, BD Settersten, TB AF Frank, JH Chen, XL Patterson, BD Settersten, TB TI Comparison of nanosecond and picosecond excitation for two-photon laser-induced fluorescence imaging of atomic oxygen in flames: erratum (vol 43, pg 2588, 2004) SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Correction C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frank, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,Mail Stop 9051,7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jhfrank@ca.sandia.gov RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009 OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 16 BP 3356 EP 3356 DI 10.1364/AO.43.003356 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 824WL UT WOS:000221717800021 ER PT J AU Thomas, P Nabighian, E Bartelt, MC Fong, CY Zhu, XD AF Thomas, P Nabighian, E Bartelt, MC Fong, CY Zhu, XD TI An oblique-incidence optical reflectivity difference and LEED study of rare-gas growth on a lattice-mismatched metal substrate SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; OXIDATION-KINETICS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; ADSORPTION; GRAPHITE; XE; REFLECTANCE; SRTIO3; HOMOEPITAXY; MONOLAYERS AB We studied the growth of Xe on Nb(110) from 33 K to 100 K using a combination of low-energy electron diffraction and an in situ oblique-incidence optical reflectivity difference technique. We found that a hexagonal close-packed Xe film grows after a transition layer of three monoatomic layers thick is formed. The first two monolayers, influenced by both the interaction with the Nb substrate and the Xe-Xe interaction, lack long-range order. The third monolayer forms a bulk-like hexagonal close-packed structure. Subsequently a bulk-phase Xe(111) film grows in step-flow mode from 54 K down to 40 K. At 40 K, we observed a brief crossover to a layer-by-layer mode. At 33 K the growth proceeds in a kinetically limited multilayer or a three-dimensional island mode. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zhu, XD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM xdzhu@physics.ucdavis.edu NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 79 IS 1 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1007/s00339-003-2261-y PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 805SI UT WOS:000220385600023 ER PT J AU Auer, M Axelsson, A Blanchard, X Bowyer, TW Brachet, G Bulowski, I Dubasov, Y Elmgren, K Fontaine, JP Harms, W Hayes, JC Heimbigner, TR McIntyre, JI Panisko, ME Popov, Y Ringbom, A Sartorius, H Schmid, S Schulze, J Schlosser, C Taffary, T Weisse, W Wernsperger, B AF Auer, M Axelsson, A Blanchard, X Bowyer, TW Brachet, G Bulowski, I Dubasov, Y Elmgren, K Fontaine, JP Harms, W Hayes, JC Heimbigner, TR McIntyre, JI Panisko, ME Popov, Y Ringbom, A Sartorius, H Schmid, S Schulze, J Schlosser, C Taffary, T Weisse, W Wernsperger, B TI Intercomparison experiments of systems for the measurement of xenon radionuclides in the atmosphere SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE CTBT; environmental monitoring; international monitoring system; noble gas; radioactivity monitoring; radioxenon; xenon ID RADIOACTIVE XENON; MONITORING-SYSTEM; XE-133; SUPPORT; KR-85 AB Radioactive xenon monitoring is one of the main technologies used for the detection of underground nuclear explosions. Precise and reliable measurements of Xe-131m, Xe-133g, Xe-133m, and Xe-135g are required as part of the International Monitoring System for compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treat (CTBT). For the first time, simultaneous testing of four highly sensitive and automated fieldable radioxenon measurement systems has been performed and compared to established laboratory techniques. In addition to an intercomparison of radioxenon monitoring equipment of different design, this paper also presents a set of more than 2000 measurements of activity concentrations of radioactive xenon made in the city of Freiburg, Germany in 2000. The intercomparison experiment showed, that the results from the newly developed systems agree with each other and the equipment fulfills the fundamental requirements for their use in the verification regime of the CTBT. For 24-h measurements, concentrations as low as 0.1 mBq m(-3) were measured for atmospheric samples ranging in size from 10 to 80 m(3). The Xe-133 activity concentrations detected in the ambient air ranged from below 1 mBq m(-3) to above 100 mBq m(-3). (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Comprehens Nucl Test Ban Treaty Org, Preparatory Commiss, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Swedish Def Res Agcy, Stockholm, Sweden. Commissariat Energie Atom, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Fed Off Radiat Protect, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany. VG Khlopin Radium Inst, St Petersburg 197022, Russia. RP Bowyer, TW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ted.bowyer@pnl.gov RI McIntyre, Justin/P-1346-2014; OI McIntyre, Justin/0000-0002-3706-4310; Axelsson, Anders/0000-0002-7983-7991 NR 29 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 6 BP 863 EP 877 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.01.011 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 819LE UT WOS:000221315600012 PM 15110352 ER PT J AU Semkow, TM Bari, A Parekh, PP Haines, DK Gao, H Bolden, AN Dahms, KS Scarpitta, SC Thern, RE Velazquez, S AF Semkow, TM Bari, A Parekh, PP Haines, DK Gao, H Bolden, AN Dahms, KS Scarpitta, SC Thern, RE Velazquez, S TI Experimental investigation of mass efficiency curve for alpha radioactivity counting using a gas-proportional detector SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID GROSS ALPHA; SECURITY; WATER AB Gross alpha counting of evaporated water residues offers a simple method for screening alpha radioactivity in water for both public health and emergency purposes. The evaporation process for water has been improved by using a combination of roughening of the surface of counting planchettes, two-stage evaporation, and temperature-controlled block heating. The efficiency of the gas-proportional detector for alpha-particle detection in water residues was studied as a function of sample mass-thickness in the range between 0.1 and 13 ring cm(-2). The effect of alpha energy on the efficiency, as well as moisture absorption on the samples, were studied using Th-230, U-238, Pu-239, Am-241, and Cm-244 radionuclides. Also, alpha-to-beta crosstalk was investigated as a function of sample mass for Th-230, Pu-239, Po-210, Am-241, and Cm-244. The improved method can also be applied for gross alpha detection in biological fluids. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. St Lawrence Univ, Canton, NY 13617 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Semkow, TM (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM tms15@health.state.ny.us NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 60 IS 6 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.01.012 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 819LE UT WOS:000221315600013 PM 15110353 ER PT J AU Gu, BH Tio, J Wang, W Ku, YK Dai, S AF Gu, BH Tio, J Wang, W Ku, YK Dai, S TI Raman spectroscopic detection for perchlorate at low concentrations SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; perchlorate; surface-enhanced Raman scattering; SERS; silver; anion-exchange resin ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; SINGLE MOLECULES; SCATTERING; SILVER; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) has recently emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant found in groundwater and surface water, and there is a great need for rapid detection and monitoring of this contaminant. In this study, we explore the use of surface-enhanced (SERS) and normal Raman spectroscopy for detecting ClO4- at low concentrations. We found that ClO4- is SERS active and, for the first time, were able to detect ClO4- at concentrations as low as 10(-6)-10(-7) M (or 10-100 mug/L) through the application of silver SERS substrates or selective sorbents such as bifunctional anion-exchange resins. The use of selective sorbents greatly enhanced the reproducibility and sensitivity of ClO4- detection by normal Raman spectroscopy. Further exploration and research may allow application of these techniques for in situ, real-time detection and monitoring of ClO4- in environmental samples at even lower concentrations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gub@oml.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 58 IS 6 BP 741 EP 744 DI 10.1366/000370204872890 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 827LZ UT WOS:000221902700016 PM 15198828 ER PT J AU Tommasini, A Not, T Kiren, V Baldas, V Santon, D Trevisiol, C Berti, I Neri, E Gerarduzzi, T Bruno, I Lenhardt, A Zamuner, E Spano, A Crovella, S Martellossi, S Torre, G Sblattero, D Marzari, R Bradbury, A Tamburlini, G Ventura, A AF Tommasini, A Not, T Kiren, V Baldas, V Santon, D Trevisiol, C Berti, I Neri, E Gerarduzzi, T Bruno, I Lenhardt, A Zamuner, E Spano, A Crovella, S Martellossi, S Torre, G Sblattero, D Marzari, R Bradbury, A Tamburlini, G Ventura, A TI Mass screening for coeliac disease using antihuman transglutaminase antibody assay SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; DIAGNOSIS AB Aims: To determine coeliac disease prevalence by an anti-transglutaminase antibody assay in a large paediatric population; to evaluate acceptance of the screening programme, dietary compliance, and long term health effects. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 3188 schoolchildren ( aged 6 - 12) and prospective follow up of diagnosed cases. Main outcome measures were: prevalence of coeliac disease defined by intestinal biopsy or positivity to both human tissue transglutaminase and anti-endomysium antibodies in HLA DQ2-8 positive subjects; percentage of children whose families accepted screening; dietary compliance as defined by negativity for anti-transglutaminase antibodies; and presence of clinical or laboratory abnormalities at 24 month follow up. Results: The families of 3188/3665 children gave their consent (87%). Thirty biopsy proven coeliacs were identified ( prevalence 1: 106). Three other children testing positive for both coeliac related autoantibodies and HLA DQ2-8 but refusing biopsy were considered as having coeliac disease ( prevalence 1: 96). Of 33 cases, 12 had coeliac related symptoms. The 30 biopsy proven coeliacs followed a gluten-free diet. Of 28 subjects completing 18 - 24 months follow up, 20 (71.4%) were negative for anti-transglutaminase antibodies, while eight were slightly positive; symptoms resolved in all 12 symptomatic children. Conclusions: Prevalence of coeliac disease is high in Italian schoolchildren. Two thirds of cases were asymptomatic. Acceptance of the programme was good, as was dietary compliance. Given the high prevalence and possible complications of untreated coeliac disease, the availability of a valid screening method, and evidence of willingness to comply with dietary treatment population mass screening deserves careful consideration. C1 Univ Trieste, Dept Reprod & Dev Scil, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Unit Hlth Serv Res & Int Hlth, Trieste, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dept Biol, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Not, T (reprint author), Ist Infanzia Burlo Garofolo, Pediat Clin, Via Istria 65-1, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. EM not@burlo.trieste.it RI Crovella, Sergio/K-5050-2016; OI Crovella, Sergio/0000-0001-8493-1168; Not, Tarcisio/0000-0003-1059-3009; Berti, Irene/0000-0001-6063-2737; Ventura, Alessandro/0000-0002-4657-1760 FU Telethon [E.1141] NR 24 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 89 IS 6 BP 512 EP 515 DI 10.1136/adc.2003.029603 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 823CM UT WOS:000221587300007 PM 15155392 ER PT J AU Payne, RB Casalot, L Rivere, T Terry, JH Larsen, L Giles, BJ Wall, JD AF Payne, RB Casalot, L Rivere, T Terry, JH Larsen, L Giles, BJ Wall, JD TI Interaction between uranium and the cytochrome c(3) of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain G20 SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome c; Desulfovibrio; uranium reduction ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; INSOLUBLE FE(III) OXIDE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; C-TYPE CYTOCHROME; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; REDUCTION AB Cytochrome c(3) of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain G20 is an electron carrier for uranium (VI) reduction. When D. desulfuricans G20 was grown in medium containing a non-lethal concentration of uranyl acetate (1 mM), the rate at which the cells reduced U(VI) was decreased compared to cells grown in the absence of uranium. Western analysis did not detect cytochrome c(3) in periplasmic extracts from cells grown in the presence of uranium. The expression of this predominant tetraheme cytochrome was not detectably altered by uranium during growth of the cells as monitored through a translational fusion of the gene encoding cytochrome c(3) (cycA) to lacZ. Instead, cytochrome c(3) protein was found tightly associated with insoluble U(IV), uraninite, after the periplasmic contents of cells were harvested by a pH shift. The association of cytochrome c(3) with U(IV) was interpreted to be non-specific, since pure cytochrome c(3) adsorbed to other insoluble metal oxides, including cupric oxide (CuO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), and commercially available U(IV) oxide. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wall, JD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM wallj@missouri.edu RI Casalot, Laurie/B-7536-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 OI Casalot, Laurie/0000-0002-4191-6889; NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-8933 EI 1432-072X J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 181 IS 6 BP 398 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s00203-004-0671-7 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 827FV UT WOS:000221885900002 PM 15114437 ER PT J AU Fischer, S AF Fischer, S TI Assessing value of CHP systems SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fischer, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6 BP 12 EP + PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 827ML UT WOS:000221903900004 ER PT J AU Dieckmann, J Roth, KW Brodrick, J AF Dieckmann, J Roth, KW Brodrick, J TI Radiant ceiling cooling SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX, HVAC & Refirgerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Dieckmann, J (reprint author), TIAX, HVAC & Refirgerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 827ML UT WOS:000221903900014 ER PT J AU Massey, R Rhodes, J Refregier, A Albert, J Bacon, D Bernstein, G Ellis, R Jain, B McKay, T Perlmutter, S Taylor, A AF Massey, R Rhodes, J Refregier, A Albert, J Bacon, D Bernstein, G Ellis, R Jain, B McKay, T Perlmutter, S Taylor, A TI Weak lensing from space. II. Dark matter mapping SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe; space vehicles : general ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; POWER-SPECTRUM NORMALIZATION; RAY-LUMINOUS CLUSTERS; COSMIC SHEAR; SURVEY FIELDS; GALAXIES; TELESCOPE; STATISTICS; SNAP; SHAPELETS AB We study the accuracy with which weak-lensing measurements could be made from a future space-based survey, predicting the subsequent precision of three-dimensional dark matter maps, projected two-dimensional dark matter maps, and mass-selected cluster catalogs. As a baseline, we use the instrumental specifications of the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe ( SNAP) satellite. We first compute its sensitivity to weak lensing shear as a function of survey depth. Our predictions are based on detailed image simulations created using "shapelets,'' a complete and orthogonal parameterization of galaxy morphologies. We incorporate a realistic redshift distribution of source galaxies and calculate the average precision of photometric redshift recovery using the SNAP filter set to be Deltaz = 0.034. The high density of background galaxies resolved in a wide space-based survey allows projected dark matter maps with an rms sensitivity of 3% shear in 1 arcmin(2) cells. This will be further improved using a proposed deep space-based survey, which will be able to detect isolated clusters using a three-dimensional lensing inversion technique with a 1 sigma mass sensitivity of approximately 10(13) M. at z = 0.25. Weak-lensing measurements from space will thus be able to capture non-Gaussian features arising from gravitational instability and map out dark matter in the universe with unprecedented resolution. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, NRC, Washington, DC 20546 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Massey, R (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM rjm@ast.cam.ac.uk RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Massey, Richard/0000-0002-6085-3780 NR 82 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3089 EP 3101 DI 10.1086/420985 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828VU UT WOS:000222002600002 ER PT J AU Refregier, A Massey, R Rhodes, J Ellis, R Albert, J Bacon, D Bernstein, G McKay, T Perlmutter, S AF Refregier, A Massey, R Rhodes, J Ellis, R Albert, J Bacon, D Bernstein, G McKay, T Perlmutter, S TI Weak lensing from space. III. Cosmological parameters SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; POWER SPECTRUM; DARK ENERGY; STATISTICS; OMEGA; PROBE AB Weak gravitational lensing provides a unique method to directly map the dark matter in the universe and measure cosmological parameters. Current weak-lensing surveys are limited by the atmospheric seeing from the ground and by the small fields of view of existing space telescopes. We study how a future wide-field space telescope can measure the lensing power spectrum and skewness and thus set constraints on cosmological parameters. The lensing sensitivity was calculated using detailed image simulations and instrumental specifications studied in earlier papers in this series. For instance, the planned SuperNova/Acceleration Probe ( SNAP) mission will be able to measure the matter density parameter Omega(m) and the dark energy equation-of-state parameter w with precisions comparable and nearly orthogonal to those derived with SNAP from supernovae. The constraints degrade by a factor of about 2 if redshift tomography is not used but are little affected if only the skewness is dropped. We also study how the constraints on these parameters depend on the survey geometry and define an optimal observing strategy. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, NRC, Washington, DC 20546 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Refregier, A (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM refregier@cea.fr RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Massey, Richard/0000-0002-6085-3780 NR 34 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3102 EP 3114 DI 10.1086/420986 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828VU UT WOS:000222002600003 ER PT J AU Hall, PB Hoversten, EA Tremonti, CA Vanden Berk, DE Schneider, DP Strauss, MA Knapp, GR York, DG Hutsemekers, D Newman, PR Brinkmann, J Frye, B Fukugita, M Glazebrook, K Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Ivezic, Z Kleinman, S Krzesinski, J Long, DC Neilsen, E Niederste-Ostholt, M Nitta, A Schlegel, DJ Snedden, S AF Hall, PB Hoversten, EA Tremonti, CA Vanden Berk, DE Schneider, DP Strauss, MA Knapp, GR York, DG Hutsemekers, D Newman, PR Brinkmann, J Frye, B Fukugita, M Glazebrook, K Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Ivezic, Z Kleinman, S Krzesinski, J Long, DC Neilsen, E Niederste-Ostholt, M Nitta, A Schlegel, DJ Snedden, S TI A Ly alpha-only active galactic nucleus from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : emission lines; quasars : general; quasars : individual ( PG 1407+265, SDSS J113658.36+024220.1) ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; BROAD-LINE REGIONS; RADIO GALAXIES; EMISSION-LINES; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STAR-FORMATION; DATA RELEASE; 1ST SURVEY AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has discovered a z = 2.4917 radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) with a luminous, variable, low-polarization UV continuum, H I two-photon emission, and a moderately broad Lyalpha line (FWHM similar or equal to 1430 km s(-1)) but without obvious metal-line emission. SDSS J113658.36+024220.1 does have associated metal-line absorption in three distinct, narrow systems spanning a velocity range of 2710 km s(-1). Despite certain spectral similarities, SDSS J1136+0242 is not a Lyman break galaxy. Instead, the Lyalpha and two-photon emission can be attributed to an extended, low-metallicity narrow-line region. The unpolarized continuum argues that we see SDSS J1136+0242 very close to the axis of any ionization cone present. We can conceive of two plausible explanations for why we see a strong UV continuum but no broad-line emission in this "face-on radio galaxy'' model for SDSS J1136+0242: the continuum could be relativistically beamed synchrotron emission that swamps the broad-line emission, or more likely, SDSS J1136+0242 could be similar to PG 1407+265, a quasar in which for some unknown reason the high-ionization emission lines are very broad, very weak, and highly blueshifted. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Liege, Fonds Natl Rech Sci, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Akad Pedag Krakowie, Observ Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM phall@astro.puc.cl RI Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015 OI Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044 NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3146 EP 3154 DI 10.1086/420804 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828VU UT WOS:000222002600007 ER PT J AU Cavallo, RM Suntzeff, NB Pilachowski, CA AF Cavallo, RM Suntzeff, NB Pilachowski, CA TI Hydra observations of aluminum abundances in the red giants of the globular clusters M80 and NGC 6752 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : individual (NGC 6752, M80); stars : abundances; stars : horizontal-branch; stars : late-type; stars : Population II ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; PROTON CAPTURE CHAINS; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH; BRIGHT GIANTS; M13 GIANTS; OMEGA-CENTAURI; NGC 7006; STARS; OXYGEN; SODIUM AB Aluminum and other metal abundances were determined in 21 red giants in the globular clusters NGC 6752 and M80 as part of a larger study to determine whether the aluminum distribution on the red giant branch is related to the second-parameter effect that causes clusters of similar metallicity to display different horizontal-branch morphologies. The observations were obtained of the Al I lines near 6700 Angstrom with the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Blanco 4 m telescope and Hydra multiobject spectrograph. The spectra have a resolving power of 18,000 or 9400, with typical signal-to-noise ratios of 100 - 200. Mean [Fe/H] values obtained from the spectra are - 1.58 for NGC 6752 and - 1.73 for M80; this represents the first spectroscopic iron abundance determination for M80. Both NGC 6752 and M80 display a spread in aluminum abundance, with mean [Al/Fe] ratios of +0.51 and +0.37, respectively. No trend in the variation of the mean Al abundance with position on the giant branch is discernible in either cluster with our small sample. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Cavallo, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-97,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. EM rcavallo@llnl.gov OI Cavallo, Robert/0000-0002-7696-3650 NR 71 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 6 BP 3411 EP 3421 DI 10.1086/421000 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828VU UT WOS:000222002600025 ER PT J AU Pope, AC Matsubara, T Szalay, AS Blanton, MR Eisenstein, DJ Gray, J Jain, B Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Budavari, T Connolly, AJ Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Johnston, D Kent, SM Lupton, RH Meiksin, A Nichol, RC Schneider, DP Scranton, R Strauss, MA Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I AF Pope, AC Matsubara, T Szalay, AS Blanton, MR Eisenstein, DJ Gray, J Jain, B Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Budavari, T Connolly, AJ Frieman, JA Gunn, JE Johnston, D Kent, SM Lupton, RH Meiksin, A Nichol, RC Schneider, DP Scranton, R Strauss, MA Szapudi, I Tegmark, M Vogeley, MS Weinberg, DH Zehavi, I CA SDSS Collaboration TI Cosmological parameters from eigenmode analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy redshifts SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : theory; galaxies : distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of universe; methods : statistical ID POWER SPECTRUM; DATA RELEASE; SPACE; SYSTEM AB We present estimates of cosmological parameters from the application of the Karhunen-Loeve transform to the analysis of the three-dimensional power spectrum of density fluctuations using Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy redshifts. We use Omega(m)h and f(b) = Omega(b)/Omega(m) to describe the shape of the power spectrum, sigma(8g)(L) for the (linearly extrapolated) normalization, and beta to parameterize linear theory redshift-space distortions. On scales k less than or similar to 0.16 h Mpc(-1), our maximum likelihood values are Omega(m)h = 0.264 +/- 0.043, f(b) 0.286 +/- 0.065, sigma(8g)(L) = 0.0966 +/- 0.048, and beta = 0.45 +/- 0.12. When we take a prior on Omega(b) from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), we find Omega(m)h 0.207 +/- 0.030, which is in excellent agreement with WMAP and the Two-Degree Field. This indicates that we have reasonably measured the gross shape of the power spectrum, but we have difficulty breaking the degeneracy between Omega(m)h and f(b), because the baryon oscillations are not resolved in the current spectroscopic survey window function. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Microsoft Bay Area Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Midlothian, Scotland. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pope, AC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. OI Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057 NR 32 TC 176 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 2 BP 655 EP 660 DI 10.1086/383533 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LC UT WOS:000221540100001 ER PT J AU Scalzo, RA Boone, LM Bramel, D Carson, J Covault, CE Fortin, P Gauthier, G Gingrich, DM Hanna, D Jarvis, A Kildea, J Lindner, T Mueller, C Mukherjee, R Ong, RA Ragan, KJ Williams, DA Zweerink, J AF Scalzo, RA Boone, LM Bramel, D Carson, J Covault, CE Fortin, P Gauthier, G Gingrich, DM Hanna, D Jarvis, A Kildea, J Lindner, T Mueller, C Mukherjee, R Ong, RA Ragan, KJ Williams, DA Zweerink, J CA STACEE Collaboration TI High-energy gamma-ray observations of W Comae with the Solar Tower Atmospheric Cerenkov Effect Experiment (STACEE) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (W Com); galaxies : active; gamma rays : observations ID PROBING GALAXY FORMATION; BL-LAC OBJECTS; PROTON BLAZAR; CRAB-NEBULA; X-RAY; RADIATION; MODEL; ASTRONOMY AB We report on observations of the blazar W Com (ON+231) with the Solar Tower Atmospheric Cerenkov Effect Experiment (STACEE), a wave front-sampling atmospheric Cerenkov telescope, in the spring of 2003. In a data set comprising 10.5 hr of on-source observing time, we detect no significant emission from W Com. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of the composition of the relativistic jet in W Com, examining both leptonic and hadronic models for the jet. We derive 95% confidence level upper limits on the flux at the level of (1.5-3.5) x 10(-10) cm(-2) s(-1) above 100 GeV for the leptonic models, or (0.5-1.1) x 10(-10) cm(-2) s-(1) above 150 GeV for the hadronic models. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Alberta, Ctr Subatom Res, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N5, Canada. Tri Univ Meson Facil, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Scalzo, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 50R5008,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Scalzo, Richard/0000-0003-3740-1214 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 2 BP 778 EP 787 DI 10.1086/383534 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LC UT WOS:000221540100011 ER PT J AU Woosley, SE Wunsch, S Kuhlen, M AF Woosley, SE Wunsch, S Kuhlen, M TI Carbon ignition in type Ia supernovae: An analytic model SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; supernovae : general ID TURBULENT THERMAL-CONVECTION; WHITE-DWARFS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; STELLAR CONVECTION; MASSIVE STARS; DETONATION; EXPLOSION; DEFLAGRATIONS; NUMBER; MATTER AB The observable properties of a Type Ia supernova are sensitive to how the nuclear runaway ignites in a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf: at a single point at its center, off-center, or at multiple points and times. We present a simple analytic model for the runaway guided by a combination of stellar mixing-length theory and analogy to Rayleigh-Benard convection. The convective flow just prior to runaway is likely to have a strong dipolar component, although this dipole may be unstable at the very high Rayleigh number (10(25)) appropriate to the white dwarf core. A likely outcome is multipoint ignition with an exponentially increasing number of ignition points during the few tenths of a second that it takes the runaway to develop. The first sparks ignite approximately 150-200 km off-center, followed by ignition at smaller radii. Rotation may be important to break the dipole asymmetry of the ignition and give a healthy explosion. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Woosley, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM woosley@ucolick.org; sewunsc@ca.sandia.gov; mqk@ucolick.org NR 42 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 2 BP 921 EP 930 DI 10.1086/383530 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LC UT WOS:000221540100027 ER PT J AU Kowalski, PM Saumon, D AF Kowalski, PM Saumon, D TI Radiative transfer in the refractive atmospheres of very cool white dwarfs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; stars : atmospheres; white dwarfs ID OPERATOR PERTURBATION; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; INDEX; SLAB AB We consider the problem of radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres where the index of refraction departs from unity and is a function of density and temperature. We present modified Feautrier and Lambda-iteration methods to solve the equation of radiative transfer with refraction in a plane-parallel atmosphere. These methods are general and can be used in any problem with one-dimensional geometry where the index of refraction is a monotonically varying function of vertical optical depth. We present an application to very cool white dwarf atmospheres in which the index of refraction departs significantly from unity. We investigate how ray curvature and total internal reflection affect the limb darkening and the pressure-temperature structure of the atmosphere. Refraction results in a much weakened limb-darkening effect. We find that through the constraint of radiative equilibrium, total internal reflection warms the white dwarf atmosphere near the surface (tau less than or similar to 1). This effect may have a significant impact on studies of very cool white dwarf stars. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kowalski, PM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM kowalski@lanl.gov RI Kowalski, Piotr/L-7411-2013 OI Kowalski, Piotr/0000-0001-6604-3458 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 2 BP 970 EP 981 DI 10.1086/386280 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LC UT WOS:000221540100032 ER PT J AU Wojdowski, PS Liedahl, DA Sako, M Kahn, SM Paerels, F AF Wojdowski, PS Liedahl, DA Sako, M Kahn, SM Paerels, F TI Resolving the effects of resonant X-ray line scattering in Centaurus X-3 with Chandra (vol 582, pg 959, 2003) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Wojdowski, PS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Adv Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 2 BP 1071 EP 1071 DI 10.1086/383536 PN 1 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LC UT WOS:000221540100043 ER PT J AU Gu, MF Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Chen, H Boyce, KR Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Gu, MF AF Gu, MF Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Chen, H Boyce, KR Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Porter, FS Gu, MF TI Laboratory measurements of 3 -> 2 X-ray emission lines of Ne-like Ni xix SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line : formation; X-rays : general ID HIGHLY CHARGED IONS; FE-XVII; GRATING SPECTROMETER; CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON-BEAM; XMM-NEWTON; SPECTRUM; CHANDRA; MICROCALORIMETER; STRENGTHS AB The intensity ratios between 3 --> 2 emission lines in Ni XIX were measured on the Livermore electron beam ion trap (EBIT-I) with a flat-field grating spectrometer and the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray microcalorimeter. The results are consistent with earlier measurements of Fe XVII and other Ne-like ions at Livermore and confirm the problems in the atomic modeling of the direct collisional excitation for Ne-like systems. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gu, MF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Varian Phys Room 108,382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 2 BP L143 EP L146 DI 10.1086/421975 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LD UT WOS:000221540200020 ER PT J AU Torres, DF Reimer, O Domingo-Santamaria, E Digel, W AF Torres, DF Reimer, O Domingo-Santamaria, E Digel, W TI Luminous infrared galaxies as plausible gamma-ray sources for the gamma-ray large area space telescope and the imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; galaxies : starburst; gamma rays : observations; gamma rays : theory ID DENSE MOLECULAR GAS; STARBURST GALAXIES; ULTRALUMINOUS GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; NGC 253; EMISSION; RESOLUTION; NGC-253; VARIABILITY AB We argue that luminous infrared galaxies may constitute a newly detectable population of gamma-ray sources for the next generation of ground- and space-based high-energy telescopes. In addition, we report for the first time upper limits on their fluxes using data obtained with the EGRET telescope. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. IFAE, Bellaterra, Spain. Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Torres, DF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dtorres@igpp.ucllnl.org; olr@tp4.ruhr-uni-bochum.de; domingo@ifae.es; digel@stanford.edu RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 607 IS 2 BP L99 EP L102 DI 10.1086/421871 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 822LD UT WOS:000221540200009 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, PT TI Relationship of adiposity to the population distribution of plasma triglyceride concentrations in vigorously active men and women SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE triglycerides; body mass index; low-density lipoproteins; waist; hip; chest; regional adiposity ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; SMALL LDL PARTICLES; BODY-MASS INDEX; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; TISSUE ACCUMULATION; SERUM TRIGLYCERIDES AB Although it is known that triglyceride concentrations increase with adiposity, whether the same increase applies for different percentiles of the triglyceride distribution has not been reported. Therefore, physican-supplied triglyceride concentrations from 7288 male and 2326 female runners were divided into strata according to the body mass index (BMI) and circumferences of the waist, hip and chest. The percentiles of the triglyceride distribution within each stratum were used to determine the cross-sectional regression slope between adiposity and triglyceride levels at each triglyceride percentile. Compared to the 5th percentile of the triglyceride distribution, the rise in men's triglycerides at the 95th percentile per unit of adiposity was 14-fold greater for BMI, 7.8-fold greater for waist circumference, 3.6-fold greater for hip circumference, and 4.4-fold greater for chest circumference. The rise in women's triglyceride concentrations at the 95th percentile was 8-fold greater than at the 5th percentile for each kg/m(2) increase in BMI. These results suggest that the metabolic effects of adiposity on plasma triglycerides depend upon whether the concentrations are high or low. This contradicts statistical assumptions upon which prior studies of adiposity have based their analyses. We speculate that the reported greater increases in triglycerides per unit of adiposity in whites than blacks, in men than women, and in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) pattern B than A are all consistent with the relationships we observe. It remains to be verified whether these relationship also apply to less active populations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ptwilliams@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45652]; NIA NIH HHS [R03 AG032004, R03 AG032004-01A1] NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 174 IS 2 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.01.031 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 824GK UT WOS:000221674200020 PM 15136068 ER PT J AU Modey, WK Eatough, DJ Anderson, RR Martello, DV Takahama, S Lucas, LJ Davidson, CI AF Modey, WK Eatough, DJ Anderson, RR Martello, DV Takahama, S Lucas, LJ Davidson, CI TI Ambient fine particulate concentrations and chemical composition at two sampling sites in metropolitan Pittsburgh: a 2001 intensive summer study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5 episode; PM2.5 composition; Pittsburgh; local emissions; long-range transport ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; PM2.5 COMPOSITION; PC-BOSS; PARTICLES; MATTER; SYSTEM; USA AB The concentration and chemical composition of ambient fine particulate material (PM2.5) is reported for two sampling sites in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania metropolitan area: the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) PM study site south of the city center, and the Carnegie Mellon Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) site 5 km east of central Pittsburgh established with funding by the EPA Supersites Program and by DOE-NETL. Data from these sampling sites were characterized by one to three-day episodes with PM2.5 concentrations (constructed from the sum of the chemical components) exceeding 40.0 mug m(-3). The episodes were dominated by high concentrations of ammonium sulfate. The fine particle concentrations were compared with meteorological data from surface weather maps and a Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT model), with back-trajectories estimated over 24 h. High PM2.5 concentrations were associated with transition from a high pressure to a low pressure regime in advance of an approaching frontal system indicating long-range transport of pollutants. In contrast, fine particulate organic material appeared to be dominated by nearby sources. Distinct differences were observed in the diurnal variations in concentration between the two sites. The NETL site showed clear maximum concentrations of semi-volatile organic material (SVOM) during midday, and minimum concentrations of nonvolatile organic compounds in the afternoon. In contrast, the Carnegie Mellon PAQS site showed an absence of diurnal variation in SVOM, but still with minimum concentrations of nonvolatile organic compounds in the afternoon and evening. Neither site showed significant diurnal variation in ammonium sulfate. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM delbert_.eatough@byu.edu NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 3165 EP 3178 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.005 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826ON UT WOS:000221838500006 ER PT J AU Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Cunningham, MM AF Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Cunningham, MM TI Natural radionuclides in fine aerosols in the Pittsburgh area SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosols; fine particulates; aerosol residence times; Pb-210; Po-210; Bi-210; natural radioactivity in aerosols; lead-210 in aerosols ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LIVED RADON DAUGHTERS; RESIDENCE TIME; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DAILY MORTALITY; ACTIVITY RATIOS; AMBIENT AIR; PB-210; PO-210 AB Natural radionuclides have been proposed for use as tracers in assessing the transport of ozone and aerosols in the troposphere. Beryllium-7 is produced in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and after formation rapidly attaches itself to fine aerosol particles. Measurements of Be-7 at ground level can therefore be used as a tracer of stratospheric/tropospheric folding events, leading to injection of ozone and upper atmospheric aerosols into the lower atmosphere. Since its concentration varies little on regional scales it can also be used to detect and correct for sampling problems in particulate monitoring networks. Lead-210 and its progeny, Bi-201, and Po-210 can also be used to determine the apparent tropospheric residence times for fine aerosols by looking at the Bi-210/Pb-210 and Po-210/Pb-210 activity ratios. Reported here are measurements of the natural radionuclides Be-7 and Pb-210, taken at two sites near Pittsburgh, PA in the summer of 2001 and at a site near Centerton, New Jersey in 1999 during the NEOPS field campaign. Beryllium-7 results show no evidence of upper atmospheric input during the sampling period. Apparent residence times as calculated from Po-210/Pb-210 ratios are shorter for Pittsburgh than for Centerton, and shorter for both sites than those obtained previously in other areas, indicating a local aerosol source as well as a higher loading of water-soluble species such as sulfate and nitrate. A comparison of fine and course aerosol lifetimes shows no contribution of excess Po-210 from wind-blown soil or from coal-fired power plants. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203-ER,9700 S Cass Ave,Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gaffney@anl.gov NR 40 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 3191 EP 3200 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.015 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826ON UT WOS:000221838500008 ER PT J AU Agarwal, R Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D Binz, T Swaminathan, S AF Agarwal, R Eswaramoorthy, S Kumaran, D Binz, T Swaminathan, S TI Structural analysis of botulinum neurotoxin type E catalytic domain and its mutant Glu212 -> Gln reveals the pivotal role of the Glu212 carboxylate in the catalytic pathway SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-CHAIN; TETANUS NEUROTOXIN; DIFFRACTION DATA; H-C; SNAP-25; BINDING; PROTEOLYSIS; REPLACEMENT; MUTAGENESIS; REFINEMENT AB The seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (A-G) produced by Clostridium botulinum share significant sequence homology and structural similarity. The functions of their individual domains and the modes of action are also similar. However, the substrate specificity and the peptide bond cleavage selectivity of their catalytic domains are different. The reason for this unique specificity of botulinum neurotoxins is still baffling. If an inhibitor leading to a therapeutic drug common to all serotypes is to be developed, it is essential to understand the differences in their three-dimensional structures that empower them with this unique characteristic. Accordingly, high-resolution structures of all serotypes are required, and toward achieving this goal the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of C. botulinum neurotoxin type E has been determined to 2.1 Angstrom resolution. The crystal structure of the inactive mutant Glu212-->Gln of this protein has also been determined. While the overall conformation is unaltered in the active site, the position of the nucleophilic water changes in the mutant, thereby causing it to lose its ability to activate the catalytic reaction. The structure explains the importance of the nucleophilic water and the charge on Glu212. The structural differences responsible for the loss of activity of the mutant provide a common model for the catalytic pathway of Clostridium neurotoxins since Glu212 is conserved and has a similar role in all serotypes. This or a more nonconservative mutant (e.g., Glu212-->Ala) could provide a novel, genetically modified protein vaccine for botulinum. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Hannover Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Hannover, Germany. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov NR 28 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 21 BP 6637 EP 6644 DI 10.1021/bi036278w PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 824BF UT WOS:000221658000029 PM 15157097 ER PT J AU Semin, BK Seibert, M AF Semin, BK Seibert, M TI Iron bound to the high-affinity Mn-binding site of the oxygen-evolving complex shifts the pK of a component controlling electron transport via Y-Z SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II MEMBRANES; REDOX-ACTIVE TYROSINE; AMINO-ACID-RESIDUES; WATER-OXIDIZING COMPLEX; MANGANESE CLUSTER; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; D1 POLYPEPTIDE; REDUCTION KINETICS; DONOR SIDE; DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY AB Flash-probe fluorescence spectroscopy was used to compare the pH dependence of charge recombination between Yz(.) and Q(a)(-) in Mn-depleted, photosystem II membranes [PSII(-Mn)] and in membranes with the high-affinity (HA(Z)) Mn-binding site blocked by iron [PSII(-Mn,+Fe); Semin, B. K., Ghirardi, M. L., and Seibert, M. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 5854-5864]. The apparent half-time for fluorescence decay (t(1/2)) in PSII(-Mn) increased from 9 ms at pH 4.4 to 75 ms at pH 9.0 [with an apparent pK (pK(app)) of 7.1]. The actual fluorescence decay kinetics can be fit to one exponential component at pH <6.0 (t(1/2) = 9.5 ms), but it requires an additional component at pH >6.0 (t(1/2) = 385 ms). Similar measurements with PSII(-Mn,+Fe) membranes show that iron binding has little effect on the maximum and minimum t(1/2) values measured at alkaline and acidic pHs but that it does shift the pK(app) from 7.1 to 6.1 toward the more acidic pK(app) value typical of intact membranes. Light-induced Fe(II) blocking of the PSII(-Mn) membrane is accompanied by a decrease in buffer Fe(II) concentration. This decrease was not the result of Fe(II) binding, but rather of its oxidation at two sites, the HA(Z) site and the low-affinity site. Mossbauer spectroscopy at 80 K on PSII(-Mn,+Fe) samples, prepared under conditions providing the maximal blocking effect but minimizing the amount of nonspecifically bound iron cations, supports this conclusion since this method detected only Fe(III) cations bound to the membranes. Correlation of the kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation with the blocking parameters showed that blocking occurs after four to five Fe(II) cations were oxidized at the HA(Z) site. In summary, the blocking of the HA(Z) Mn-binding site by iron in PSII(-Mn) membranes not only prevents the access of exogenous donors to Y-Z but also partially restores the properties of the hydrogen bond net found in intact PS(II), which in turn controls the rate of electron transport to Y-Z. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Biophys, Moscow 119899, Russia. RP Seibert, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mike_seibert@nrel.gov NR 78 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 21 BP 6772 EP 6782 DI 10.1021/bi036047p PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 824BF UT WOS:000221658000043 ER PT J AU Roe, JH Kingsbury, BA Herbert, NR AF Roe, JH Kingsbury, BA Herbert, NR TI Comparative water snake ecology: conservation of mobile animals that use temporally dynamic resources SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation; diet; management; Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta; Nerodia sipedon sipedon; radiotelemetry; spatial ecology ID TERRESTRIAL BUFFER ZONES; NERODIA-SIPEDON; DEPRESSION WETLANDS; SPATIAL ECOLOGY; LANDSCAPE; POPULATIONS; AMPHIBIANS; MOVEMENTS; REPTILES; HABITAT AB Obtaining information on movement and spatial patterns of animals and understanding the factors that shape their movements about the landscape are critical steps in designing conservation strategies. We conducted a comparative radiotelemetry study of two snake species, the northern water snake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon, and the imperiled copperbelly water snake, Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta, in northwest Ohio and southern Michigan to assess differences in movement patterns, spatial ecology, and resource use. N. e. neglecta moved distances (53.3 +/- 7.1 m/day and 4809 +/- 603 m/year) over twice as far as N. s. sipedon (25.6 +/- 2.7 m/day and 2244 +/- 228 m/year), and used areas nearly four times larger (15.8 +/- 2.7 ha) than N. s. sipedon (4.0 +/- 0.9 ha). When wetlands were widely dispersed in the landscape, N. e. neglecta moved longer distances and used larger areas, whereas spatial and movement patterns in N. s. sipedon were unaffected by wetland spatial distribution. N. e. neglecta's long movements and large area use are likely related to its use of variable resources such as ephemeral wetlands and anuran prey. N. s. sipedon used more permanent wetlands and preyed more generally on fish and anurans. Habitat alterations that change the spatial distribution of wetlands in the landscape, such as the loss of small isolated wetlands, have likely increased energetic costs and mortality rates for N. e. neglecta. Conservation strategies for vagile wetland animals that use spatially and temporally variable resources over broad spatial scales should focus on protecting and restoring large areas with numerous, heterogeneous wetlands. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. RP Roe, JH (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM roe@srel.edu; kingsbur@ipfw.edu; xnrhx@yahoo.com NR 63 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 118 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2003.07.010 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 817YE UT WOS:000221212000008 ER PT J AU Koegler, WS Griffith, LG AF Koegler, WS Griffith, LG TI Osteoblast response to PLGA tissue engineering scaffolds with PEO modified surface chemistries and demonstration of patterned cell response SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cell patterning; poly(ethylene oxide); poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); three-dimensional printing; tissue engineering scaffolds ID IN-VITRO; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION; FABRICATION; GROWTH; ACID AB Because tissues are characterized by a well-defined three-dimensional arrangement of cells, tissue engineering scaffolds that facilitate the organization and differentiation of new tissue will have improved performance in comparison to scaffolds that only provide surfaces for cell attachment and growth. We hypothesize that instructions for cells can be incorporated into tissue engineering scaffolds by patterning the scaffold's architecture and surface chemistry. Our goals for the presented work were to collect data about cell response to three-dimensional, porous scaffolds with uniformly modified surfaces chemistries, and to demonstrate patterning of cell response by patterning surface chemistry. Our system was osteoblast response to poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds modified with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Scaffolds were fabricated using the Three-Dimensional Printing(TM) (3DP(TM)) process which has control over scaffolds properties to a resolution of similar to100 mum in all three dimensions. At higher PEO concentrations. adhesion, growth rates, and migration of rat osteoblasts were reduced: alkaline phosphate activity was increased, and cells were less spread and had microvilli. Patterned regions of low and high cell adhesion were demonstrated on scaffolds fabricated with I mm thick stripes of PLO and non-PEO regions. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Koegler, WS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wkoegle@ca.sendia.gov NR 22 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2819 EP 2830 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.064 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 776TG UT WOS:000189133000012 PM 14962560 ER PT J AU Miller, CE Majewski, J Faller, R Satija, S Kuhl, TL AF Miller, CE Majewski, J Faller, R Satija, S Kuhl, TL TI Cholera toxin assault on lipid monolayers containing ganglioside GM(1) SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; NEUTRON REFLECTION; PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MEMBRANE; REFLECTOMETRY; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY; INTERFACE; SURFACE AB Many bacterial toxins bind to and gain entrance to target cells through specific interactions with membrane components. Using neutron reflectivity, we have characterized the structure of mixed DPPE:GM, lipid monolayers before and during the binding of cholera toxin (CTAB(5)) or its B-subunit (CTB5). Structural parameters such as the density and thickness of the lipid layer, extension of the GM(1) oligosaccharide headgroup, and orientation and position of the protein upon binding are reported. The density of the lipid layer was found to decrease slightly upon protein binding. However, the A-subunit of the whole toxin is clearly located below the B-pentameric ring, away from the monolayer, and does not penetrate into the lipid layer before enzymatic cleavage. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the observed monolayer expansion was found to be consistent with geometrical constraints imposed on DPPE by multivalent binding of GM(1) by the toxin. Our findings suggest that the mechanism of membrane translocation by the protein may be aided by alterations in lipid packing. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuhl, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn, Biophys Grad Grp, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tlkuhl@ucdavis.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 6 BP 3700 EP 3708 DI 10.1529/biophysj.103.032508 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 829GK UT WOS:000222035200029 PM 15189866 ER PT J AU Watkins, LP Yang, H AF Watkins, LP Yang, H TI Information bounds and optimal analysis of dynamic single molecule measurements SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ENZYMATIC DYNAMICS; 2-STEP PHOTOLYSIS; OPTICAL-DETECTION; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON; F-1-ATPASE; KINETICS AB Time-resolved single molecule fluorescence measurements may be used to probe the conformational dynamics of biological macromolecules. The best time resolution in such techniques will only be achieved by measuring the arrival times of individual photons at the detector. A general approach to the estimation of molecular parameters based on individual photon arrival times is presented. The amount of information present in a data set is quantified by the Fisher information, thereby providing a guide to deriving the basic equations relating measurement uncertainties and time resolution. Based on these information-theoretical considerations, a data analysis algorithm is presented that details the optimal analysis of single-molecule data. This method natively accounts and corrects for background photons and cross talk, and can scale to an arbitrary number of channels. By construction, and with corroboration from computer simulations, we show that this algorithm reaches the theoretical limit, extracting the maximal information out of the data. The bias inherent in the algorithm is considered and its implications for experimental design are discussed. The ideas underlying this approach are general and are expected to be applicable to any information-limited measurement. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Yang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, D-46,Hildebrand hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hawyang@uclink.berkeley.edu NR 62 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 9 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 6 BP 4015 EP 4029 DI 10.1529/biophysj.103.037739 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 829GK UT WOS:000222035200060 PM 15189897 ER PT J AU Hanks, CL Wallace, WK Atkinson, PK Brinton, J Bui, T Jensen, J Lorenz, J AF Hanks, CL Wallace, WK Atkinson, PK Brinton, J Bui, T Jensen, J Lorenz, J TI Character, relative age and implications of fractures and other mesoscopic structures associated with detachment folds: an example from the Lisburne Group of the northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska SO BULLETIN OF CANADIAN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS; CURVATURE ANALYSIS; FIXED HINGES; STRAIN; JOINTS; DEFORMATION; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; ZONES AB Fractures and other mesoscopic structures formed at different times during the evolution of individual detachment folds in Lisburne Group carbonates of the northeastern Brooks Range. These structures provide clues to the mechanism of folding, the conditions under which folds evolved and the paragenesis of fractures in the fold-and-thrust belt as a whole. The earliest fractures strike NNW and probably represent orogen-normal extension fractures that developed in the foreland basin in advance of the fold-and-thrust belt. These rocks and fractures were later incorporated into the thrust belt, where they were thrust-faulted and folded. Later fractures, strained markers and dissolution cleavage developed during detachment folding as a result of flexural slip and homogeneous flattening. Fracturing associated with flexural slip occurred early in them development of folds. These early fractures were commonly overprinted or destroyed by ductile strain as later homogeneous flattening accommodated additional shortening. This penetrative strain was in turn overprinted by late extension fractures that, formed during flexural slip in the waning phases of folding or after folding due to unroofing of the orogenic wedge. Early fracturing, overprinting by ductile structures and subsequent later fracturing in detachment-folded Lisburne Group emphasizes the importance of understanding the unique character and history of each fold-and-thrust belt in a successful hydrocarbon exploration effort. In particular, the mechanical stratigraphy and conditions of deformation play an important role in the type of fold that develops, the fold mechanisms that are active and the subsequent distribution and character of fractures and other mesoscopic structures. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Geol & Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Petr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hanks, CL (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM chanks@gi.alaska.edu RI Jensen, Jerry/B-9525-2012; OI Jensen, Jerry/0000-0002-0353-8143 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SOC PETROL GEOLOGISTS PI CALGARY PA 505, 206 - 7TH AVE SW, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2P 0W7, CANADA SN 0007-4802 J9 B CAN PETROL GEOL JI Bull. Can. Pet. Geol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 2 BP 121 EP 138 DI 10.2113/52.2.121 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 850ZA UT WOS:000223651700002 ER PT J AU Payne, SJ Zollweg, JE Rodgers, DW AF Payne, SJ Zollweg, JE Rodgers, DW TI Stress triggering of conjugate normal faulting: Late aftershocks of the 1983 M-s 7.3 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NORTH YEMEN EARTHQUAKE; BODY-WAVE ANALYSIS; LOST RIVER FAULT; GEODETIC OBSERVATIONS; SOURCE PARAMETERS; UNITED-STATES; RUPTURE; MONTANA; SEGMENTATION; LITHOSPHERE AB The 1984 Devil Canyon sequence was a late aftershock sequence of the 28 October 1983 M-s 7.3 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake. The sequence began on 22 August 1984 with the M-L 5.8 Devil Canyon earthquake, which nucleated at a depth of 12.8 +/- 0.7 kin between the surface traces of two normal faults, the Challis segment of the Lost River fault and the Lone Pine fault. Two hundred thirty-seven aftershocks were recorded by a temporary array during a 3-week period. Their focal mechanisms and hypocenter distribution define a cross-sectional ''V" pattern whose base corresponds to the ML 5.8 event, whose tips correspond to the exposed fault traces, and whose sides define two planar fault zones oriented N25degreesW, 75degreesSW (Challis fault segment) and N39degreesW, 58degreesNE (Lone Pine fault). This pattern describes a graben bounded by conjugate normal faults. Temporal aspects of the Devil Canyon sequence provide strong evidence that slip on conjugate normal faults occurs sequentially. Aftershocks occurred primarily along the Challis segment until the occurrence of the 8 September 1984 M-L 5.0 earthquake along the Lone Pine fault, after which aftershocks primarily occurred along this fault. These observations are consistent with worldwide seismologic and geologic observations and with physical and numerical models of conjugate normal faulting. Aftershocks of the Devil Canyon sequence occurred immediately northwest of the M-L 5.8 Devils Canyon earthquake, which itself was immediately northwest of the Thousand Springs segment of the Lost River fault (the fault that slipped in association with the M-s 7.3 Borah Peak earthquake). Coulomb failure stress analysis indicates that stress increases resulting from both the Borah Peak mainshock and Devil Canyon M-L 5.8 earthquake were sufficient to induce failure on the Lone Pine fault. These space-time patterns suggest that conjugate normal faults may transfer stress or accommodate stress changes at the terminations of major normal faults in the Basin and Range Province. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Payne, SJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM msj1@inel.gov; jzollweg@hotmail.com; rodgdavi@isu.edu NR 62 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 3 BP 828 EP 844 DI 10.1785/0120030122 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 834NM UT WOS:000222417800006 ER PT J AU Kalemos, A Dunning, TH Mavridis, A Harrison, JF AF Kalemos, A Dunning, TH Mavridis, A Harrison, JF TI CH2 revisited SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE CH2; MRCI; potential curves; vbL icons ID SINGLET-TRIPLET SEPARATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION METHOD; ACCURATE ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; ROTATION-VIBRATION ENERGIES; FIELD SPLITTING PARAMETERS AB The first four states of the CH2 molecule ((X) over tilde B-3(1), (a) over tilde (1) A(1,) (b) over tilde (1)A(1), and (c) over tilde (1)A(1)) are examined using state-of-the-art ab initio methods and basis sets. The construction of potential energy curves with respect to the C + H-2 and CH + H channels provides significant clues to understanding the geometric and electronic structure of the above states. All of our numerical findings are in excellent agreement with the existing experimental data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Athens, Phys Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Athens 15710, Greece. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Fundamental Mat Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dunningthjr@ornl.gov OI Kalemos, Apostolos/0000-0002-1022-0029 NR 133 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 22 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4042 EI 1480-3291 J9 CAN J CHEM JI Can. J. Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 684 EP 693 DI 10.1139/V04-045 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 861XA UT WOS:000224450700003 ER PT J AU Kim, MH Li, W Lee, SK Suits, AG AF Kim, MH Li, W Lee, SK Suits, AG TI Probing of the hot-band excitations in the photodissociation of OCS at 288 nm by DC slice imaging SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE DC slicing imaging; OCS; photodissociation; hot-band excitation ID NONADIABATIC BENDING DISSOCIATION; CARBONYL SULFIDE; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRONS; REGION AB The photodissociation dynamics of OCS at 288 nm has been investigated using the DC (direct current) slice imaging technique, which is a recently developed high-resolution "slicing" approach that directly measures the central slice of the photofragment distribution in imaging experiments. By analyzing a DC sliced image of S(D-1(2)) photofragments we observe dissociation originating from OCS molecules excited up to v(2) = 4 in the molecular beam. The measured translational energy distribution was used to determine the branching ratio for the contribution from each initial bending state (0 v(2) 0) of OCS and relative photodissociation cross section ratios compared to v(2) = 1. Large negative anisotropy parameters determined as a function of the S(D-1(2)) fragment recoil speed indicate that the photodissociation of OCS at 288 nm occurs exclusively from the 1(1)A''((1)Sigma(-)) bending excited potential surface that can be accessed through a perpendicular transition. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Suits, AG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM arthur.suits@sunysb.edu NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4042 J9 CAN J CHEM JI Can. J. Chem.-Rev. Can. Chim. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 880 EP 884 DI 10.1139/V04-072 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 861XA UT WOS:000224450700024 ER PT J AU Rathbone, GJ Poliakoff, ED Bozek, JD Lucchese, RR AF Rathbone, GJ Poliakoff, ED Bozek, JD Lucchese, RR TI Intrachannel vibronic coupling in molecular photoionization SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE photoelectron spectroscopy; vibronic coupling; photoionization ID SHAPE RESONANT PHOTOIONIZATION; VIBRATIONAL BRANCHING RATIOS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRUM; RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON; 3-SIGMA-G PHOTOIONIZATION; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; CROSS-SECTIONS; CO2; STATE AB We discuss the excitation of forbidden vibrational transitions accompanying photoionization of linear triatomic molecules. Excitation of a single quantum of the antisymmetric stretching vibration is observed for mole cules with inversion symmetry, as is the bending mode. Photoelectron spectra of the N(2)O(+)(A(2)Pi), CO(2)(+)(C(2)Sigma(g)(+)), and CS(2)(+)(B(2)Sigma(u)(+)) states obtained over a range of ionization energies exhibit contrasting behavior for the relative intensities of the forbidden vibrations. These energy-dependent vibrational branching ratios are shown to result from an intrachannel vibronic coupling mechanism. Moreover, this intrachannel coupling can be further divided into two cases, one in which the photoionization cross section is sensitive to geometry changes, and a second case in which it is not. These different cases can be distinguished by comparing the experimental and theoretical results for all three molecules. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Poliakoff, ED (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM epoliak@lsu.edu RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Lucchese, Robert/O-4452-2014 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; Lucchese, Robert/0000-0002-7200-3775 NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4042 J9 CAN J CHEM JI Can. J. Chem.-Rev. Can. Chim. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1043 EP 1051 DI 10.1139/V04-079 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 861XA UT WOS:000224450700040 ER PT J AU Battaglia, LL Collins, BS Weisenhorn, PB AF Battaglia, LL Collins, BS Weisenhorn, PB TI Quercus michauxii regeneration in and around aging canopy gaps SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BOTTOMLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SURVIVAL; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; SEEDLINGS; EMERGENCE; GRADIENT; PATTERNS; GROWTH AB Floodplain forests are subject to frequent windstorms, which create canopy gaps and microtopographic heterogeneity. Forest regeneration may be enhanced when light and microtopographic conditions are both favorable, but slower growing canopy species may still require multiple disturbance events to reach the canopy. In 2001, we revisited a cohort of Quercus michauxii Nutt. seedlings planted in 1995 on pit-mound microsites that were constructed in and around canopy gaps to determine patterns of seedling persistence and investigate the effects of canopy openness and microtopography on seedling survival and growth. After 7 years, canopy openness in gap centers had decreased to levels that did not differ from levels in forest canopy. Seedling height and maximum root depth were greatest in gap centers, where light was initially greater but seedling growth rates declined over time. Soil moisture was greater in pits, where establishment and survival were very low. Roots of some seedlings reached from mound surfaces to depths and moisture levels comparable to those of adjacent pits, which might facilitate survival in both floods and droughts. Quercus michauxii can persist on elevated sites in aging gaps, and positive feedback in sites favorable for recruitment can enhance seedling growth; ascent into the canopy will likely require additional canopy-opening events. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Battaglia, LL (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Mailcode 6509, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM lbattaglia@plant.siu.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1359 EP 1364 DI 10.1139/X04-019 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 832KK UT WOS:000222266200020 ER PT J AU Fisher, D Rajon, D Breitz, H Goris, M Bolch, W Knox, S AF Fisher, D Rajon, D Breitz, H Goris, M Bolch, W Knox, S TI Dosimetry model for radioactivity localized to intestinal mucosa SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE dosimetry; MIRD; intestinal tract; intestinal mucosa; monoclonal antibodies; radiation effects; yttrium-90 ID BOWEL WALL THICKNESS; PHASE-II TRIAL; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ANTIBODY THERAPY; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; ABSORBED ENERGY; Y-90-DOTA-BIOTIN; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; CT AB Background: This paper provides a new model for calculating radiation-absorbed doses to the full thickness of the small and large intestinal walls, and to the mucosal layers. The model was used to estimate the intestinal radiation doses from yttrium-90-labeled-DOTA-biotin binding to NR-LU-10-streptavidin in patients. Methods: We selected model parameters from published data and observations, and used the model to calculate energy-absorbed fractions using the EGS4 radiation transport code. We determined the cumulated Y-90 activity in the small and large intestines of patients from gamma camera images, and calculated absorbed doses to the mucosal layer and to the whole intestinal wall. Results: The mean absorbed dose to the wall of the small intestine was 16.2 mGy/MBq (60 cGy/mCi) administered from Y-90 localized in the mucosa, and 70 mGy/MBq (260 cGy/mCi) to the mucosal layer within the wall. Doses to the large intestinal wall and to the mucosa of the large intestine were lower than those for the small intestine by a factor of about 2.5. These doses are greater by factors of about 5 to 6 than those that would have been calculated using the standard MIRD models that assume the intestinal activity is in the bowel contents. Conclusions: The specific uptake of radiopharmaceuticals in mucosal tissues may lead to dose-related intestinal toxicities. Tissue dosimetry at the sub-organ level is useful for a better understanding of intestinal tract radiotoxicity and associated dose-response relationships. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NEORX Corp, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Fisher, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,P7-27, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dr.fisher@pnl.gov RI Rajon, Didier/O-9412-2014 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 0070] NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 293 EP 307 DI 10.1089/1084978041425043 PG 15 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 837WS UT WOS:000222672600004 PM 15285876 ER PT J AU Overbury, SH Ortiz-Soto, L Zhu, HG Lee, B Amiridis, MD Dai, S AF Overbury, SH Ortiz-Soto, L Zhu, HG Lee, B Amiridis, MD Dai, S TI Comparison of Au catalysts supported on mesoporous titania and silica: investigation of Au particle size effects and metal-support interactions SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Au; silica; titania; CO oxidation; mesoporous oxides; TEM; FTIR ID LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CO OXIDATION; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TIO2; PERFORMANCE; FTIR; H-2 AB Au catalysts supported on mesoporous silica and titania supports were synthesized and tested for the oxidation of CO. Two approaches were used to prepare the silica-supported catalysts utilizing complexing triamine ligands which resulted in mesoporous silica with wormhole and hexagonal structures. The use of triamine ligands is the key for the formation of uniformly sized 2-3 nm Au nanoparticles in the silica pores. On mesoporous titania, high gold dispersions were obtained without the need of a functional ligand. Au supported on titania exhibited a much higher activity for CO oxidation, even though the Au particle sizes were essentially identical on the titania and the wormhole silica supports. The results suggest that the presence of 2-3 nm particle size alone is not sufficient to achieve high activity in CO oxidation. Instead, the support may influence the activity through other possible ways including stabilization of active sub-nanometer particles, formation of active oxygen-containing reactant intermediates (such as hydroxyls or O-2(-)), or stabilization of optimal Au structures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Overbury, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 28 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 6 U2 53 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1023/B:CATL.0000027281.96719.42 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 819TQ UT WOS:000221338900001 ER PT J AU Gaibler, DW Rochefort, WE Wilson, JB Kelley, SS AF Gaibler, DW Rochefort, WE Wilson, JB Kelley, SS TI Blends of cellulose ester/phenolic polymers - chemical and thermal properties of blends with polyvinyl phenol SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE blends; cellulose ester; FTIR; polyvinyl phenol; pyrolysis mass spectrometry ID ALIPHATIC POLYESTER BLENDS; FORMALDEHYDE RESINS; MISCIBILITY; COMPATIBILITY; ACETATE; DECOMPOSITION; PYROLYSIS; POLY(P-METHOXYSTYRENE); POLY(P-HYDROXYSTYRENE); METHACRYLATE) AB A series of miscible cellulose ester/poly (vinyl phenol) (CE/PVP) blends containing a latent formaldehyde source were prepared. Due to the low molecular weight of the PVP, the maximum PVP content in the films was 50 wt %. The blends were then thermally cross-linked in an attempt to create semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN). The blends were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, swelling experiments, pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results from the swelling experiments, py-MBMS and FTIR showed that the PVP component did react with the formation of methylene bridges. Blends that contained 50% PVP and high levels of formaldehyde formed semi-IPN structures. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Kelley, SS (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steve_kelley@nrel.gov NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD JUN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 2 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1023/B:CELL.0000025425.00668.de PG 13 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 815QR UT WOS:000221057300010 ER PT J AU Daw, CS Halow, JS AF Daw, CS Halow, JS TI Introduction: Global dynamics in spatially extended mechanical systems SO CHAOS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Waynesburg Coll, Dept Chem, Waynesburg, PA 15370 USA. RP Daw, CS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 370 EP 372 DI 10.1063/1.1751351 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 824UJ UT WOS:000221712100018 PM 15189065 ER PT J AU Protopopescu, V Barhen, J AF Protopopescu, V Barhen, J TI Non-Lipschitzian control algorithms for extended mechanical systems SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID STICK-SLIP MOTION; SLIDING FRICTION; CHAOS AB We derive the properties of a general control algorithm [Braiman , Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 094301 (2003)] for quantities describing global features of nonlinear extended mechanical systems. The control algorithm is based on the concepts of non-Lipschitzian dynamics and global targeting. We show that (i) certain average quantities of the controlled system can be driven-exactly or approximately-towards desired targets which become linearly stable attractors for the system's dynamics; (ii) the basins of attraction of these targets are reached in very short times; and (iii) while within reasonably broad ranges the time-scales of the control and of the intrinsic dynamics may be quite different, this disparity does not affect significantly the overall efficiency of the proposed scheme, up to natural fluctuations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Protopopescu, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1063/1.1721111 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 824UJ UT WOS:000221712100021 PM 15189068 ER PT J AU Hively, LM Protopopescu, VA AF Hively, LM Protopopescu, VA TI Machine failure forewarning via phase-space dissimilarity measures SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; CUTTING PROCESS; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; CHAOTIC DYNAMICS; ANALYTICAL MODEL; TIME-SERIES; SCALP EEG; DIMENSION; SYSTEMS; SIGNALS AB We present a model-independent, data-driven approach to quantify dynamical changes in nonlinear, possibly chaotic, processes with application to machine failure forewarning. From time-windowed data sets, we use time-delay phase-space reconstruction to obtain a discrete form of the invariant distribution function on the attractor. Condition change in the system's dynamic is quantified by dissimilarity measures of the difference between the test case and baseline distribution functions. We analyze time-serial mechanical (vibration) power data from several large motor-driven systems with accelerated failures and seeded faults. The phase-space dissimilarity measures show a higher consistency and discriminating power than traditional statistical and nonlinear measures, which warrants their use for timely forewarning of equipment failure. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hively, LM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 408 EP 419 DI 10.1063/1.1667631 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 824UJ UT WOS:000221712100022 PM 15189069 ER PT J AU Pannala, S Daw, CS Halow, JS AF Pannala, S Daw, CS Halow, JS TI Dynamic interacting bubble simulation (DIBS): An agent-based bubble model for reacting fluidized beds SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID GAS-SOLIDS FLOW; CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR; REACTORS; FLUCTUATIONS; PRESSURE AB In this paper we explore the global dynamics of an agent-type model for bubbles in gas-fluidized beds and demonstrate that these features are consistent with experimentally observed behavior. The model accounts for the simultaneous interactions of thousands of individual bubbles and includes mass-transfer and first-order reactions between the gas and solids so that the impact of the dynamics is reflected in reactant conversion. We start with model parameters that have been demonstrated to produce time average behavior consistent with experimental reactor measurements. By observing the temporal variations of spatially averaged bubble properties, we are able to clearly distinguish the onset of global low-dimensional features that appear to be consistent with previous observations. The most prominent of these features is a large-scale oscillation that exhibits intermittency with power-law scaling in the vicinity of a critical gas flow. We show that the oscillation occurs as the result of a globally synchronized horizontal movement of the bubbles toward the center of the reactor. The oscillation appears to be consistent with the occurrence of the so-called "slugging" phenomenon, which is known to have large effects on fluidized bed reactor performance. Although this model can clearly be further improved, its success in replicating several of the key features of slugging indicates that this approach can serve as a useful tool for understanding and possibly controlling fluidized bed dynamics. We also conjecture that this model may be useful for more generally understanding the occurrence of global features in high-dimensional, multi-agent systems. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Waynesburg Coll, Waynesburg, PA 15370 USA. RP Pannala, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pannalas@ornl.gov RI Pannala, Sreekanth/F-9507-2010 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1063/1.1752181 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 824UJ UT WOS:000221712100029 PM 15189076 ER PT J AU Palacios, A Finney, C Cizmas, P Daw, S O'Brien, T AF Palacios, A Finney, C Cizmas, P Daw, S O'Brien, T TI Experimental analysis and visualization of spatiotemporal patterns in spouted fluidized beds SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS; BUBBLE; DYNAMICS; VELOCITY; JET AB A numerical characterization based on experimental data of the spouting regime in a two-dimensional fluidized bed is presented. The aspect ratio of the bed allowed for good visualization of the spouting and solids circulation as the spouting jet gas velocity was varied to highlight the visited bifurcation sequence. Digital video sequences were recorded and then preprocessed for numerical analysis. In this paper, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was applied to these data sets in order to identify and separate the dominant spatial features from the temporal evolution of the spouting dynamics. The results indicate that the overall spatiotemporal dynamics can be captured by a few POD eigenfunctions, and that the POD amplitudes can be used to distinguish between varying degrees of spouting. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Nonlinear Dynam Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Palacios, A (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Nonlinear Dynam Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM palacios@euler.sdsu.edu; finneyc@ornl.gov; cizmas@tamu.edu; dawcs@ornl.gov; thomas.obrien@netl.doe.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1063/1.1739012 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 824UJ UT WOS:000221712100030 PM 15189077 ER PT J AU Karatan, E Merguerian, M Han, ZH Scholle, MD Koide, S Kay, BK AF Karatan, E Merguerian, M Han, ZH Scholle, MD Koide, S Kay, BK TI Molecular recognition properties of FN3 monobodies that bind the Src SH3 domain SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID III DOMAIN; SIGNALING PROTEINS; DISPLAY LIBRARIES; FIBRONECTIN; LIGANDS; NMR; SCAFFOLD; RECEPTOR; PROLINE; IDENTIFICATION AB We have constructed a phage-displayed library based on the human fibronectin tenth type III domain (FN3) scaffold by randomizing residues in its FG and BC loops. Screening against the SH3 domain of human c-Src yielded six different clones. Five of these contained proline-rich sequences in their FG loop that resembled class I (i.e., +xxPxxP) peptide ligands for the Src SH3 domain. The sixth clone lacked the proline-rich sequence and showed particularly high binding specificity to the Src SH3 domain among various SH3 domains tested. Competitive binding, loop replacement, and NMR perturbation experiments were conducted to analyze the recognition properties of selected binders. The strongest binder was able to pull down full-length c-Src from murine fibroblast cell extracts, further demonstrating the potential of this scaffold for use as an antibody mimetic. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kay, BK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bkay@anl.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 62316] NR 39 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1074-5521 EI 1879-1301 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.04.009 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 834KI UT WOS:000222409600015 PM 15217616 ER PT J AU Loy, DA Mather, B Straumanis, AR Baugher, C Schneider, DA Sanchez, A Shea, KJ AF Loy, DA Mather, B Straumanis, AR Baugher, C Schneider, DA Sanchez, A Shea, KJ TI Effect of pH on the gelation time of hexylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILANE COUPLING AGENTS; CONDENSATION; HYDROLYSIS; ALKOXYSILANES; POROSITY; KINETICS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Properties Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Loy, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, MST-7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daloy@lanl.gov RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2041 EP 2043 DI 10.1021/cm0498640 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 824JT UT WOS:000221683300001 ER PT J AU Thoma, SG Bonhomme, F Cygan, RT AF Thoma, SG Bonhomme, F Cygan, RT TI Synthesis, crystal structure, and molecular modeling of a layered manganese(II) phosphate: Mn-3(PO4)(4)center dot 2(H3NCH2CH2)(3)N center dot 6(H2O) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ALUMINOPHOSPHATE; TRIS(2-AMINOETHYL)AMINE; PROGRAM; OXIDE AB A novel layered manganese(II) phosphate, Mn-3(PO4)(4).2(H3NCH2CH2)(3)N.6(H2O), has been synthesized solvothermally using tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) as a template. The structure was solved A initio using X-ray powder diffraction data and confirmed by molecular modeling. The compound was further characterized by SEM, IR spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and elemental and thermal analysis. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group P $(3) over bar $ c1 with a = 8.8706(4) Angstrom, c = 26.158(2) Angstrom, and V= 1782.6(2) Angstrom(3). The structure consists of layers of corner sharing Mn(II)O-4 and PO4 tetrahedra forming infinite [Mn-3(PO4)(4)](6-)macroanions with 4.6 net topology, sandwiched by layers of TREN and water molecules. The protonated TREN molecules provide charge balancing for the inorganic sheets; the interlayer stability is accomplished mainly by a network of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and the inorganic macroanions. This hybrid organic/inorganic layered material can be reversibly dehydrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thoma, SG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, POB 5800,MS 1421, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sgthoma@sandia.gov NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2068 EP 2075 DI 10.1021/cm0348444 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 824JT UT WOS:000221683300005 ER PT J AU Moloy, EC Cygan, RT Bonhomme, F Teter, DM Navrotsky, A AF Moloy, EC Cygan, RT Bonhomme, F Teter, DM Navrotsky, A TI Molecular simulations of anhydrous Na-6[Al6Si6O24] sodalite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; VALENCE FORCE-FIELD; WAVE BASIS-SET; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; ELECTRON-GAS; INITIO; WATER; NMR; ZEOLITES AB An empirical energy force field, one that combines previously published force field parameters with a flexible SPC water model, is used to examine the structures and dynamical properties of the hydrosodalite family of zeolitic materials. In this paper, we present the results for Na-6[Al6Si6O24], one of two anhydrous end-members in this family. Experimentally derived unit cell volumes, T-O bond lengths, and T-O-T and O-T-O bond angles are used to validate the force field. Supplemental plane-wave pseudopotential density functional calculations fully support the potential-based models. Although sodalite materials usually possess P $(4) over bar $ 3n symmetry, the direct modeling results from both simulation techniques employed in this study suggest the formation of volume-doubled C2/c supercells. The loss of symmetry is due to the presence of only six monovalent ions in the unit cell, rather than the usual eight. This result stands in partial agreement with recent simulation and experimental studies that report volume-doubled Pcn2 and orthorhombic supercell structures, respectively. More specifically, Le Bail profile and Rietveld refinements-when compared to the synchrotron-based XRD data from the recent experimental study-favor P2/c symmetry, a sub-group of C2/c. Le Bail profile agreement indices of R-P = 6.18% and R-WP = 7.92% for P2/c are lower than those reported for the orthorhombic cases, and Rietveld refinement indices of R-P = 7.91% and R-WP = 10.50% are lower than those reported for Pcn2. We further propose a new S6R ring structure that can be explained in terms of two crystallographically and energetically distinct oxygen sites. These structural and energetic results offer explicit evidence to support the hypothesis that "vacant ring avoidance" drives supercell formation. The new S6R structure leads to the formation of two enantiomeric beta-cages, which, in turn, leads to the volume-doubled supercell. Finally, the periodic DFT calculations suggest that the sodium ions occupy the centers of the six-membered rings, in full agreement with the force field results. This arrangement, however, stands in contrast to the results of a recent DFT study, where a significant offset of the sodium ions out of the planes of the S6Rs is observed. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moloy, EC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ecmoloy@ucdavis.edu NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2121 EP 2133 DI 10.1021/cm0352302 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 824JT UT WOS:000221683300012 ER PT J AU Lee, TD AF Lee, TD TI A possible origin of dark energy SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB We discuss the possibility that the existence of dark energy may be due to the presence of a spin zero field phi(x), either elementary or composite. In the presence of other matter field, the transformation phi(x) --> phi(x) + constant can generate a negative pressure, like the cosmological constant. In this picture, our universe can be thought as a very large bag, similar to the much smaller MIT bag model for a single nucleon. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. CCAST, World Lab, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RIKEN, RBRC, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, TD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1188 DI 10.1088/0256-307X/21/6/058 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 831NV UT WOS:000222202100058 ER PT J AU Strawn, DG Palmer, NE Furnare, LJ Goodell, C Amonette, JE Kukkadapu, RK AF Strawn, DG Palmer, NE Furnare, LJ Goodell, C Amonette, JE Kukkadapu, RK TI Copper sorption mechanisms on smectites SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE copper; EPR; EXAFS; montmorillonite; smectite; sorption ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CLAY-MINERALS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CU(II) SORPTION; AMORPHOUS SIO2; EDGE STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE; METAL-IONS; MONTMORILLONITE AB Due to the importance of clay minerals in metal sorption, many studies have attempted to derive mechanistic models that describe adsorption processes. These models often include several different types of adsorption sites, including permanent charge sites and silanol and aluminol functional groups on the edges of clay minerals. To provide a basis for development of adsorption models it is critical that molecular-level studies be done to characterize sorption processes. In this study we conducted X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic experiments on copper (II) sorbed on smectite clays using suspension pH and ionic strength as variables. At low ionic strength, results suggest that Cu is sorbing in the interlayers and maintains its hydration sphere. At high ionic strength, Cu atoms are excluded from the interlayer and sorb primarily on the silanol and aluminol functional groups of the montmorillonite or beidellite structures. Interpretation of the XAFS and EPR spectroscopy results provides evidence that multinuclear complexes are forming. Fitting of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra revealed that the Cu-Cu atoms in the multinuclear complexes are 2.65 Angstrom apart, and have coordination numbers near one. This structural information suggests that small Cu dimers are sorbing on the surface. These complexes are consistent with observed sorption on mica and amorphous silicon dioxide, yet are inconsistent with previous spectroscopic results for Cu sorption on montmorillonite. The results reported in this paper provide mechanistic data that will be valuable for modeling surface interactions of Cu with clay minerals, and predicting the geochemical cycling of Cu in the environment. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Strawn, DG (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM dgstrawn@uidaho.edu RI Strawn, Daniel/B-6936-2012 NR 47 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 31 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520307 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 832ZP UT WOS:000222306500007 ER PT J AU Wendling, LA Harsh, JB Palmer, CD Hamilton, MA Flury, M AF Wendling, LA Harsh, JB Palmer, CD Hamilton, MA Flury, M TI Cesium sorption to illite as affected by oxalate SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS LA English DT Article DE frayed-edge sites; phytoremediation; rhizosphere; weathering ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CLAY-MINERALS; ADSORPTION; RADIOCESIUM; SOILS; KINETICS; CATION; CS-137; ACID; CS AB Cesium uptake by plants depends on adsorption/desorption reactions in the soil, as well as root uptake processes controlled by the plant. In this study, sorption and desorption of Cs+ on reference illite (IMt-1) was investigated in the presence of oxalate to gain understanding of mechanisms by which plant root exudates may influence Cs+ bioavailability in micaceous soils. Cesium sorption on illite decreased significantly as oxalate concentration increased from 0.4 to 2 mM. Cesium desorption from illite increased significantly with increasing oxalate concentration. Desorption of Cs+ by exchange with Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ Was significantly enhanced in the presence of oxalate as selectivity for Cs+ decreased with respect to these ions in the presence of oxalate. On the other hand, oxalate had little effect on the Cs+/K+ selectivity coefficient. This suggests that oxalate treatments increase the relative proportion of exchange sites that are not highly selective for Cs+ and K+; e.g. 'planar' sites. The results indicate that oxalate plays an important role in Cs+ binding on illite and, therefore, plant rhizosphere chemistry is likely to alter Cs+ bioavailability in micaceous soils. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wendling, LA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lawendling@wsu.edu RI Wendling, Laura/C-3660-2011; Wendling, Laura/A-2745-2014; Flury, Markus/H-2983-2012 OI Wendling, Laura/0000-0002-5728-3684; Flury, Markus/0000-0002-3344-3962 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 22 PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY PI AURORA PA PO BOX 460130, AURORA, CO 80046-0130 USA SN 0009-8604 J9 CLAY CLAY MINER JI Clay Clay Min. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 3 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520312 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture GA 832ZP UT WOS:000222306500012 ER PT J AU Cheng, W Bleck, R Rooth, C AF Cheng, W Bleck, R Rooth, C TI Multi-decadal thermohaline variability in an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; ISOPYCNIC COORDINATE MODEL; DEEP-WATER FORMATION; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; COUPLED MODEL; FLOW PATTERNS; ANNULAR MODES; GULF-STREAM AB A century scale integration of a near-global atmosphere-ocean model is used to study the multi-decadal variability of the thermohaline circulation (THC) in the Atlantic. The differences between the coupled and two supplementary ocean-only experiments suggest that a significant component of this variability is controlled by either a collective behavior of the ocean and the atmosphere, particularly in the form of air-sea heat exchange, or sub-monthly random noise present in the coupled system. Possible physical mechanisms giving rise to the mode of this THC variability are discussed. The SST anomaly associated with the THC variability resembles an interdecadal SST pattern extracted from observational data, as well as a pattern associated with the 50-60 year THC variability in the GFDL coupled model. In each case, a warming throughout the subpolar North Atlantic but concentrated along the Gulf Stream and its extension is indicated when the THC is strong. Concomitantly, surface air temperature has positive anomalies over the warmer ocean, with the strongest signal located downwind of the warmest SST anomalies and intruding into the western Eurasian Continent. In addition to the thermal response, there are also changes in the atmospheric flow pattern. More specifically, an anomalous northerly wind develops over the Labrador Sea when the THC is stronger than normal, suggesting a local primacy of the atmospheric forcing in the thermohaline perturbation structure. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Cheng, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Campus Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wcheng@ocean.washington.edu NR 65 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6-7 BP 573 EP 590 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0400-6 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835ZT UT WOS:000222525200002 ER PT J AU Scott, MJ Edmonds, JA Mahasenan, N Roop, JM Brunello, AL Haites, EF AF Scott, MJ Edmonds, JA Mahasenan, N Roop, JM Brunello, AL Haites, EF TI International emission trading and the cost of greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and sequestration SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CARBON AB The deployment of carbon capture and sequestration (CC&S) technologies is greatly affected by the marginal cost of controlling carbon emissions (also the value of carbon, when emissions permits are traded). Both the severity and timing of emissions limitations and the degree to which emissions limitation obligations can be traded will affect the value of carbon and thereby the timing and magnitude of CC&S technology deployment. Emissions limits that are more stringent in the near term imply higher near-term carbon values and therefore encourage the local development and deployment of CC&S technologies. Trade in emissions obligations lowers the cost of meeting any regional or global emissions limit and so affects the rate of penetration of CC&S technologies. Trade lowers the marginal value of carbon and CC&S penetration in high cost regions and raises the marginal value of carbon and CC&S penetration in low cost regions. The net impact on the world CC&S technologies depends on whether their increased use in low-cost regions exceeds the reduced use in high-cost regions. In the long term, CC&S technologies must not only remove carbon but permanently sequester it. If reservoirs are not permanent, then the emissions and costs of control are merely displaced into the future. The paper presents quantitative estimates for the impacts of trade in emissions limitation obligations on the timing, magnitude, and geographic distribution of CC&S technologies and the marginal and total costs of carbon control. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Tahoe Baikal Inst, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96151 USA. Margaree Consultants Inc, Toronto, ON M5H 1J8, Canada. RP Scott, MJ (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K6-05, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM michael.scott@pnl.gov; jae@pnl.gov; n.mahasenan@pnl.gov; joe.roop@pnl.gov; tbrunello@tahoebaikal.org; ehaites@attcanada.ca NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUN PY 2004 VL 64 IS 3 BP 257 EP 287 DI 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000025747.12101.37 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 816HR UT WOS:000221101500001 ER PT J AU Bardenhagen, SG Kober, EM AF Bardenhagen, SG Kober, EM TI The generalized interpolation material point method SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE MPM; PIC; meshless methods; Petrov-Galerkin discretization ID IN-CELL METHOD; GRANULAR MATERIAL; MESHLESS METHODS; FINITE-ELEMENT; 2 DIMENSIONS; PARTICLE; FLIP; SIMULATION; MECHANICS; FLOW AB The Material Point Method (MPM) discrete solution procedure for computational solid mechanics is generalized using a variational form and a PetrovGalerkin discretization scheme, resulting in a family of methods named the Generalized Interpolation Material Point (GIMP) methods. The generalization permits identification with aspects of other point or node based discrete solution techniques which do not use a body-fixed grid, i.e. the "meshless methods". Similarities are noted and some practical advantages relative to some of these methods are identified. Examples are used to demonstrate and explain numerical artifact noise which can be expected in MPM calculations. This noise results in nonphysical local variations at the material points, where constitutive response is evaluated. It is shown to destroy the explicit solution in one case, and seriously degrade it in another. History dependent, inelastic constitutive laws can be expected to evolve erroneously and report inaccurate stress states because of noisy input. The noise is due to the lack of smoothness of the interpolation functions, and occurs due to material points crossing computational grid boundaries. The next degree of smoothness available in the GIMP methods is shown to be capable of eliminating cell crossing noise. C1 Univ Florida, Grad Engn Res Ctr, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T 14, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bardenhagen, SG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T 14, MS B214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 146 Z9 154 U1 4 U2 32 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 6 BP 477 EP 495 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 832XP UT WOS:000222301300001 ER PT J AU Ran, SF Burger, C Sics, I Yoon, K Fang, DF Kim, KS Avila-Orta, C Keum, J Chu, B Hsiao, BS Cookson, D Shultz, D Lee, M Viccaro, J Ohta, Y AF Ran, SF Burger, C Sics, I Yoon, K Fang, DF Kim, KS Avila-Orta, C Keum, J Chu, B Hsiao, BS Cookson, D Shultz, D Lee, M Viccaro, J Ohta, Y TI In situ synchrotron SAXS/WAXD studies during melt spinning of modified carbon nanofiber and isotactic polypropylene nanocomposite SO COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon nanofiber; polypropylene; nanocomposite; fiber spinning; SAXS; WAXD ID NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES; DISSOLUTION AB The structural development of a nanocomposite, containing 95 wt% isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and 5 wt% modified carbon nanofiber (MCNF), during fiber spinning was investigated by in situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. The modification of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) was accomplished by a chemical surface treatment using in situ polymerization of olefin segments to enhance its compatibility with iPP, where the iPP/MCNF nanocomposite was prepared by twostep blending to ensure the dispersion of MCNF. X-ray results showed that at low spin-draw ratios, the iPP/MCNF nanocomposite fiber exhibited much higher iPP crystalline orientation than the control iPP fiber. At higher spin-draw ratios, the crystalline orientation of the nanocomposite fiber and that of the pure iPP fiber was about the same. The crystallinity of the composite fiber was higher than that of the control iPP fiber, indicating the nucleating effect of the modified carbon nanofibers. The nanocomposite fiber also showed larger long periods at low spin-draw ratios. Measurements of mechanical properties indicated that the nanocomposite fiber with 5 wt% MCNF had much higher tensile strength, modulus and longer elongation to break. The mechanical enhancement can be attributed to the dispersion of MCNF in the matrix, which was confirmed by SEM results. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, ChemMat CARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Toyobo Res Ctr Co Ltd, Shiga 5200292, Japan. RP Chu, B (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM bchu@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Keum, Jong/N-4412-2015 OI Keum, Jong/0000-0002-5529-1373 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0303-402X J9 COLLOID POLYM SCI JI Colloid Polym. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 282 IS 8 BP 802 EP 809 DI 10.1007/s00396-004-1125-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 825BV UT WOS:000221731900005 ER PT J AU Lau, S AF Lau, S TI The spinning cube of potential doom SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lau, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM slau@lb1.gov NR 0 TC 48 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 25 EP 26 DI 10.1145/990680.990699 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 823VL UT WOS:000221641400011 ER PT J AU Berghel, H Sallach, DL AF Berghel, H Sallach, DL TI A paradigm shift in computing and IT education SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nevada, Sch Comp Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Ctr Cybermedia Res, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Complex Adapt Agent Syst Simulat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berghel, H (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Comp Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM sallach@anl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JUN PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1145/990680.990685 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 823VL UT WOS:000221641400022 ER PT J AU King, JW AF King, JW TI Critical fluid technology for the processing of lipid-related natural products SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Green Chemistry CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL Poitiers, FRANCE DE carbon dioxide; oleochemical; natural products; processing; subcritical fluids; supercritical fluid; water ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOYBEAN OIL; EXTRACTION; FRACTIONATION; WATER; CO2; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLYCEROLYSIS; REACTOR AB In recent years, the technology envelope that embraces critical fluids can involve a wide range of conditions, different types of pure and modified fluids. as well as processing options involving extractions, fractionations or reactions. Technological development drivers continue to be environmentally and consumer-benign processing and/or products, however in recent years expansion of the use of sub- and supercritical fluids has been catalyzed by applications in such opportune fields as nutraceuticals., conversion of biomass (bio-refining), and the ability to modify natural products by reactions. The use of critical fluid technology is an important facet of any sustainable development program, particularly when utilized over a broad, interconnected application platform. In this overview presentation, concepts and applications of critical fluids from the author's research as well as the literature will be cited to support the above trends. A totally 'green' processing platform appears to be viable using carbon dioxide in the appropriate form, ethanol and water as intermediate co-solvents/reactants, and water from above its boiling point to supercritical conditions. These fluids can be combined in overall coupled unit processes, such as combining transesterification with hydrogenation, or glycerolysis of lipid moieties with supercritical fluid fractionation. Such fluids also can exploited sequentially for bio-refining processes or the segregation of value-added products, but may require using coupled fluid or unit operations to obtain the targeted product composition or purity. Changing the reduced temperatures and/or pressures of critical fluids offers a plethora of opportunity, an excellent example being the relative critical fluid state of water. For example, sub-critical water slightly above its boiling point provides a unique medium that mimics polar organic solvents, and has been used even for the extraction of thermally labile solutes or reaction chemistry. (C) 2004 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CACT Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CACT Grp, POB 1663,Mail Stop E-537, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kingjw@lanl.gov NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD JUN-JUL PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6-7 BP 647 EP 659 DI 10.1016/j.crci.2004.02.008 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 838CM UT WOS:000222690700012 ER PT J AU Pankin, A McCune, D Andre, R Bateman, G Kritz, A AF Pankin, A McCune, D Andre, R Bateman, G Kritz, A TI The tokamak Monte Carlo fast ion module NUBEAM in the National Transport Code Collaboration library SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Neutral Beam Injection; NBI; tokamak; heating; Monte Carlo ID NEUTRAL-BEAM INJECTION; PLASMAS; CONFINEMENT; PARTICLES; MDSPLUS AB The NUBEAM module is a comprehensive computational model for Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) in tokamaks. It is used to compute power deposition, driven current, momentum transfer, fueling, and other profiles in tokamak plasmas due to NBI. NUBEAM computes the time-dependent deposition and slowing down of the fast ions produced by NBI, taking into consideration beam geometry and composition, ion-neutral interactions (atomic physics), anomalous diffusion of fast ions, the effects of large scale instabilities, the effect of magnetic ripple, and finite Larmor radius effects. The NUBEAM module can also treat fusion product ions that contribute to alpha heating and ash accumulation, whether or not NBI is present. These physical phenomena are important in simulations of present day tokamaks and projections to future devices such as ITER. The NUBEAM module was extracted from the TRANSP integrated modeling code, using standards of the National Transport Code Collaboration (NTCC), and was submitted to the NTCC module library (http://w3.pppl.gov/NTCC). This paper describes the physical processes computed in the NUBEAM module, together with a summary of the numerical techniques that are used. The structure of the NUBEAM module is described, including its dependence on other NTCC library modules. Finally, a description of the procedure for setting up input data for the NUBEAM module and making use of the output is outlined. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pankin, A (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Phys, Bldg 16, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM pankin@haven.adnc.net NR 36 TC 257 Z9 260 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 159 IS 3 BP 157 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2003.11.002 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 822WP UT WOS:000221571600002 ER PT J AU Iliescu, T Fischer, P AF Iliescu, T Fischer, P TI Backscatter in the rational LES model SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applied Mathematics for Industrial Flow Problems CY APR 17-JUL 20, 2002 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOWS; SUBGRID-SCALE AB This paper presents a comparison for the backscatter (the inverse transfer of energy from small to large scales) in the rational and the gradient large eddy simulation (LES) models. We applied both LES models in the numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows at Re(tau) = 180 and 395. The rational LES model yielded improved results and was more stable numerically. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Iliescu, T (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, 456 McBryde Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM iliescu@math.vt.edu; fischer@mcs.anl.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD JUN-JUL PY 2004 VL 33 IS 5-6 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2003.06.011 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA 772UD UT WOS:000188859100010 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Intrusion prevention SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eeugeneschultz2@aol.com NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 265 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2004.04.004 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 834JS UT WOS:000222408000001 ER PT J AU Gao, HC Aronson, AI AF Gao, HC Aronson, AI TI The delta subunit of RNA polymerase functions in sporulation SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; TRANSFORMATION; INITIATION; CORE AB Purifed RNA polymerase from Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive organisms contains a novel subunit designated 8 encoded by the rpoE gene. There is no distinctive phenotype of strains with a disruption of this gene, so the function of 8 is very subtle or redundant. We have found, however, that suppression of a block in sporulation of B. subtilis at early stage III owing to disruption of the pdhC gene encoding the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was attributable to a Tn10 insertion in the rpoE gene. An independent disruption of this gene also caused suppression. An earlier sporulation block due to absence of the E1beta subunit of PDH was not suppressed. This specific suppression indicates that the delta subunit does have some direct or indirect role in sporulation, probably in the transcription of selected genes at stage II-III of sporulation, which is critical but only when there is functional E2. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microbial Funct Genom Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aronson, AI (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM aronson@purdue.edu RI Gao, Haichun/A-2160-2014 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 48 IS 6 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00284-003-4229-8 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 821QX UT WOS:000221478700003 PM 15170233 ER PT J AU Newman, LA Reynolds, CM AF Newman, LA Reynolds, CM TI Phytodegradation of organic compounds SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PETROLEUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL; JET FUEL JP-8; WEATHERED P,P'-DDE; RHIZOSPHERE-MICROFLORA; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; CUCURBITA-PEPO; CRUDE-OIL; PHYTOREMEDIATION; PLANTS; DEGRADATION AB The phytodegradation of organic compounds can take place inside the plant or within the rhizosphere of the plant. Many different compounds and classes of compounds can be removed from the environment by this method, including solvents in groundwater, petroleum and aromatic compounds in soils, and volatile compounds in the air. Although still a relatively new area of research, there are many laboratories studying the underlying science necessary for a wide range of applications for plant-based remediation of organic contaminants. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USA, Engineer Res Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Newman, LA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, 800 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM Newman2@gwm.sc.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES04696] NR 66 TC 108 Z9 120 U1 7 U2 64 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 3 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2004.04.006 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 835ZF UT WOS:000222523800010 PM 15193330 ER PT J AU Sayler, GS Simpson, ML Cox, CD AF Sayler, GS Simpson, ML Cox, CD TI Emerging foundations: nano-engineering and bio-microelectronics for environmental biotechnology SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WHOLE-CELL BIOSENSORS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTION NETWORKS; REGULATORY NETWORKS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TOGGLE SWITCH; NOISE; CIRCUITS; BIOLOGY; NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY AB The growth of nanotechnology, the emergence of 'nanobiotechnology', and the incorporation of living organisms in biomicroelectronic devices are revolutionizing the interdisciplinary opportunities for microbiologists to participate in understanding, developing and exploiting microbial processes in and from the environment. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol,Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol,Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol MENT Res Grp, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Sayler, GS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol,Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol,Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol MENT Res Grp, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sayler@utk.edu RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Cox, Chris/A-9451-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Cox, Chris/0000-0001-9818-5477 NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.mib.2004.04.003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 836CY UT WOS:000222534100010 PM 15196494 ER PT J AU Klueh, RL AF Klueh, RL TI Reduced-activation bainitic and martensitic steels for nuclear fusion applications SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE steel; bainite; martensite; mechanical properties ID CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN STEELS; FERRITIC STEELS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEELS; IRRADIATION; HFIR; MICROSTRUCTURE; F82H; 9CR-1MOVNB AB Reduced-activation steels were developed to enhance safety and reduce adverse environmental effects of future fusion power plants. Martensitic and bainitic steels were developed during the 1985-1990 timeframe, and the feasibility of their use for fusion was investigated in an international collaboration from 1994 to present. Work continues to improve the steels and understand the effect of neutron irradiation on them. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klueh, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6138, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kluehrl@ornl.gov NR 68 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2004.09.004 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 906KP UT WOS:000227639900009 ER PT J AU Babu, SS AF Babu, SS TI The mechanism of acicular ferrite in weld deposits SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE steels; weld microstructure; acicular ferrite; bainite and phase transformations ID C-MN STEEL; BAINITE TRANSFORMATION KINETICS; CARBON MICROALLOYED STEEL; LOW-ALLOY STEELS; CORED ARC WELDS; INCLUSION FORMATION; NONMETALLIC INCLUSIONS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; DEOXIDIZED STEEL; NUCLEATION AB Research has shown that the acicular ferrite microstructure in steel weld metal, which provides an optimum combination of strength and toughness, is indeed intragranularly nucleated bainite. It is possible to maximize the content of acicular ferrite by increasing the intragranular nucleation sites while maintaining a critical weld metal cooling rate and the steel hardenability. This paper highlights recent research related to nucleation and growth of acicular ferrite during decomposition of austenite. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 4508,Mail Stop 6069, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM babuss@ornl.gov RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 78 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD JUN-AUG PY 2004 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2004.10.001 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 906KP UT WOS:000227639900012 ER PT J AU Lu, HP AF Lu, HP TI Single-molecule spectroscopy studies of conformational change dynamics in enzymatic reactions SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE single-molecule spectroscopy; MD simulation; random walk; enzymatic reaction; protein conformational dynamics; T4 lysozyme ID MUTANT T4 LYSOZYME; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; PROTEIN; ENERGY; DISORDER; NMR; F-1-ATPASE; LANDSCAPES; KINETICS AB Protein conformational dynamics, often associated with static and dynamic inhomogeneities, plays a crucial role in biomolecular functions. It is extremely difficult to characterize such inhomogeneous dynamics in an ensemble-averaged measurement, especially when the protein involves in a multiple-step complex chemical reaction, such as an enzymatic reaction. Single-molecule spectroscopy is a powerful approach to analyze protein conformational dynamics in real time under physiological conditions, providing dynamic perspectives on a molecular-level understanding of protein structure-function mechanisms. In this minireview, we discuss our recent studies on single-molecule enzymatic reaction dynamics and protein conformational dynamics of the T4 lysozyme hydrolyzation reaction of a polysaccharide by a combined approach of single-molecule spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulation, and theoretical modeling. Detailed characterization of the complex enzymatic reaction dynamics identified the nature of the inhomogeneity and revealed multiple intermediate conformational states associated with the enzyme-substrate complex formation in the multiple-step enzymatic reaction. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, HP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM peter.lu@pnl.gov NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2010 J9 CURR PHARM BIOTECHNO JI Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.2174/1389201043376887 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 859XW UT WOS:000224302700004 PM 15180547 ER PT J AU Goodwin, PM Nolan, RL Cai, H AF Goodwin, PM Nolan, RL Cai, H TI Single-molecule spectroscopy for nucleic acid analysis: A new approach for disease detection and genomic analysis SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE single-molecule; fluorescence; two-color; haplotyping; gene expression ID DNA-MOLECULES; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PCR; HAPLOTYPES; SEQUENCE; TEMPERATURE; PROBES; AMPLIFICATION; INFORMATION AB Recently developed single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) permits the analysis of fluorescent mixtures one molecule at a time. SMS methods provide the means to make rapid measurements on small, complex samples without the need for separations and target amplification enabling a new class of ultrasensitive nucleic acid assays. Here we give a brief overview of the current state of the art of SMS nucleic acid analysis and discuss ongoing work in our laboratory on two-color single-molecule fluorescence detection of specific nucleic acid sequences. In the future, two-color SMS nucleic acid assays will be used for a variety of applications including: gene expression analysis, disease detection and genomics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goodwin, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pmg@lanl.gov; cai_hong@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01315] NR 60 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2010 J9 CURR PHARM BIOTECHNO JI Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.2174/1389201043376814 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 859XW UT WOS:000224302700005 PM 15180548 ER PT J AU Marina, O Castro, A AF Marina, O Castro, A TI Applications of single-molecule detection to the analysis of pathogenic DNA SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE single-molecule detection; polymerase extension; DNA detection ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PCR; SEQUENCES; ERRORS; PXO1 AB We have devised a new technique based on Single fluorescent molecule detection for the analysis of specific sequences of DNA. The method consists of synthesizing a fluorescent reporter molecule using a polymerase extension reaction and labeled nucleotides. The fluorescent reporter products are analyzed in a laser-based single-molecule detection system. We have applied this method to the detection of pUC19 and Bacillus anthracis DNA targets. We expect that this method will have applications in rapid detection and identification of DNA from pathogens as well as other sources, and that it will be used for processing of large number of samples in a short period of time. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Castro, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM acx@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1389-2010 J9 CURR PHARM BIOTECHNO JI Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 3 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.2174/1389201043376823 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 859XW UT WOS:000224302700006 PM 15180549 ER PT J AU Lapizco-Encinas, BH Simmons, BA Cummings, EB Fintschenko, Y AF Lapizco-Encinas, BH Simmons, BA Cummings, EB Fintschenko, Y TI Insulator-based dielectrophoresis for the selective concentration and separation of live bacteria in water SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE dielectrophoresis; electrokinesis; electroosmosis; insulators; trapping ID PASSIVE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOLOGICAL CELLS; MICROORGANISMS; CONDUCTIVITY; MANIPULATION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; ELECTRODES; MICROBES AB Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) was utilized to separate and concentrate selectively mixtures of two species of live bacteria simultaneously. Four species of bacteria were studied: the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and B. megaterium. Under an applied direct current (DC) electric field all the bacterial species exhibited negative dielectrophoretic behavior. The dielectrophoretic separations were carried out in a glass microchannel containing an array of insulating posts. The insulating posts in the microchannel produced nonuniformities in the electric field applied along the channel. Mixtures of two species of bacteria were introduced into the microchannel and the electric field was applied. The bacterial species exhibited different dielectrophoretic mobilities under the influence of the nonuniform field. From these experiments a trapping order was established with E coli trapping at the weakest applied electric field, while the Bacillus species were trapped at different characteristic threshold fields. At stronger applied electric fields, the two different species of bacteria in the microchannel were dielectrophoretically trapped into two spatially distinct bands. The results showed that iDEP has the potential to selectively concentrate and separate different species of bacteria. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fintschenko, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microfluid Dept, POB 969,MS 9951, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yfintsc@sandia.gov RI Lapizco-Encinas, Blanca/C-4104-2008; OI Lapizco-Encinas, Blanca/0000-0001-6283-8210; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 NR 42 TC 214 Z9 217 U1 3 U2 55 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 10-11 BP 1695 EP 1704 DI 10.1002/elps.200405899 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 830RK UT WOS:000222140400036 PM 15188259 ER PT J AU Krauss, RM Siri, PW AF Krauss, RM Siri, PW TI Metabolic abnormalities: triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein SO ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; RICH LIPOPROTEINS; PARTICLE-SIZE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS-REGRESSION; POSTPRANDIAL TRIGLYCERIDE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB Increased plasma triglyceride and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are key features of the metabolic syndrome. Although elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not an integral characteristic of this syndrome, there is commonly an increase in the proportion of small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles. Together, these abnormalities constitute the atherogenic dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome. This article reviews the pathophysiology of altered triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein metabolism in the metabolic syndrome, outlines the relationship of these lipoprotein abnormalities to increased risk of coronary heart disease, and highlights the application of this information to clinical practice. The role of reduced high-density lipoprotein in the metabolic syndrome is discussed elsewhere in this issue. C1 Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutrit Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krauss, RM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM rmkrauss@lbl.gov NR 56 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8529 J9 ENDOCRIN METAB CLIN JI Endocrinol. Metabol. Clin. North Amer. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 405 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ecl.2004.03.016 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 828CQ UT WOS:000221950800009 PM 15158526 ER PT J AU Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Rubinstein, FM Selkowitz, SE AF Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Rubinstein, FM Selkowitz, SE TI Low-cost networking for dynamic window systems SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE building energy-efficiency; electrochromic windows; motorized roller shades; motorized Venetian blinds; controls; networking AB A low-cost building communications network is needed that would allow individual window and lighting loads to be controlled from an existing enterprise LAN network. This building communications network concept, which we term Integrated Building Environmental Communications System (IBECS(TM)), would enable both occupant-based and building-wide control of individual window, lighting, and sensor devices. IBECS can reduce the cost of systemic control because it allows a drastic cost reduction in per point networking costs. This kind of effort is needed to encourage the control industry to make the commitment to build this technology and to demonstrate to prospective customers that this breakthrough approach to more comprehensive systemic control will provide them with high-quality, convenient control while saving them money. The development and demonstration of network interfaces to DC- and AC-motorized shades and to an electrochromic window are described. The network interfaces enable one to control and monitor the condition of these fenestration appliances from a variety of sources, including a user's personal computer. By creating a functional specification for an IBECS network interface and testing a prototype, the ability to construct such an interface was demonstrated and the cost-effective price per point better understood. The network interfaces were demonstrated to be reliable in a full-scale test of three DC-motorized Venetian blinds in an open-plan office over 2 years and in limited bench-scale tests of an electrochromic window. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, ES (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Mailstop 90-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eslee@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 6 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2003.12.008 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 826VN UT WOS:000221857700003 ER PT J AU Burger, J Myers, O Boring, CS Dixon, C Lord, C Ramos, R Shukla, S Gochfeld, M AF Burger, J Myers, O Boring, CS Dixon, C Lord, C Ramos, R Shukla, S Gochfeld, M TI Perceptions of general environmental problems, willingness to expend federal funds on these problems, and concerns regarding the Los Alamos National Laboratory: Hispanics are more concerned than Whites SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE risk perceptions; environmental concerns; ethnicity; Hispanic; environmental sensitivity ID SAVANNA RIVER SITE; FUTURE LAND-USE; GENDER DIFFERENCES; ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES; AMERICAN-INDIANS; RISK PERCEPTION; NEW-JERSEY; ATTITUDES; HAZARDS; RECREATION AB Perceptions about general environmental problems, governmental spending for these problems, and major concerns about the US Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) were examined by interviewing 356 people attending a gun show in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The hypothesis that there are differences in these three areas as a function of ethnicity was examined. We predicted that if differences existed, they would exist for all three evaluations (general environmental problems, government spending, and environmental concerns about LANL). However, this was not the case; there were fewer ethnic differences concerning LANL. Hispanics rated most general environmental problems higher than Whites and rated their willingness to expend federal funds higher than Whites, although all groups gave a lower score on willingness than on concern. Further, the congruence between these two types of ratings was higher for Hispanics than for others. In general, the concerns expressed by subjects about LANL showed few ethnic differences, and everyone was most concerned about contamination. These data indicate that Hispanics attending a gun show are equally or more concerned than others about environmental problems generally but are not more concerned about LANL. The data can be useful for developing future research and stewardship plans and for understanding general environmental problems and their relationship to concerns about LANL. More generally, they indicate that the attitudes and perceptions of Hispanics deserve increased study in a general population. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Nelson Biol Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Consortium Risk Evaluat Stakeholder Participat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Nelson Biol Lab, 604 Allison Rd,St Nelson Hall, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM burger@biology.rutgers.edu RI Myers, Orrin/F-1130-2010 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO 5022] NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 95 IS 2 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.envres.2003.12.002 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 825SY UT WOS:000221779800008 PM 15147923 ER PT J AU Neal, AL Amonette, JE Peyton, BM Geesey, GG AF Neal, AL Amonette, JE Peyton, BM Geesey, GG TI Uranium complexes formed at hematite surfaces colonized by sulfate-reducing bacteria SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; HEAVY-METALS; REDUCTION; XPS; DIFFRACTION; SEDIMENTS; IRON; CONTAMINATION AB Modeling uranium (U)transportin subsurface environments requires a thorough knowledge of mechanisms likely to restrict its mobility, such as surface complexation, precipitation, and colloid formation. In closed systems, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) such as Desulfovibrio spp. demonstrably affect U immobilization by enzymatic reduction of U(VI) species (primarily the uranyl ion, UO22+, and its complexes) to U(IV). However, our understanding of such interactions under chronic U(VI) exposure in dynamic systems is limited. As a first step to understanding such interactions, we performed bioreactor experiments under continuous flow to study the effect of a biofilm of the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans attached to specular hematite (alphat-Fe2O3) surfaces on surf ace-associated U(VI) complexation, transformation, and mobility. Employing real-time microscopic observation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we show that the characteristics of the U(VI) complex(es) formed at the hematite surface are influenced by the composition of the bulk aqueous phase flowing across the surface and by the presence of surface-associated SRB. The XPS data further suggest higher levels of U associated with hematite surfaces colonized by SRB than with bacteria-free surfaces. Microscopic observations indicate that at least a portion of the U(VI) that accumulates in the presence of the SRB is exterior to the cells, possibly associated with the extracellular biofilm matrix. The U4f(7/2) core-region spectrum and U5f(2) valence-band spectrum provide preliminary evidence that the SRB-colonized hematite surface accumulates both U(VI) and U(IV) phases, whereas only the U(VI) phase(s) accumulates on uncolonized hematite surfaces. The results suggest that mineral surfaces exposed to a continuously replenished supply of U(VI)-containing aqueous phase will accumulate U phases that may be more representative of those that exist in U-contaminated aquifers than those which accumulate in closed experimental systems. These phases should be considered in models attempting to predict U transport through subsurface environments. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM gill_g@erc.montana.edu RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011; Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 58 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 3019 EP 3027 DI 10.1021/es030648m PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826FR UT WOS:000221815200018 PM 15224730 ER PT J AU Tokunaga, TK Wan, JM Pena, J Sutton, SR Newville, M AF Tokunaga, TK Wan, JM Pena, J Sutton, SR Newville, M TI Hexavalent uranium diffusion into soils from concentrated acidic and alkaline solutions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE MEDIA; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENTS; COEFFICIENTS; TRANSPORT; REDUCTION; STRONTIUM; CARBONATE; SORPTION; POROSITY AB Uranium contamination of soils and sediments often originates from acidic or alkaline waste sources, with diffusion being a major transport mechanism. Measurements of U(VI) diffusion from initially pH 2 and pH 11 solutions into a slightly alkaline Altamont soil and a neutral Oak Ridge soil were obtained through monitoring uptake from boundary reservoirs and from U concentratien profiles within soil columns. The soils provided pH buffering, resulting in diffusion at nearly constant pH. Micro X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra confirmed that U remained in U(VI) forms in all soils. Time trends of U(VI) depletion from reservoirs and U(VI) concentration profiles within soil columns yielded K-d values consistent with those determined in batch tests at similar concentrations (approximate to1 mM) and much lower than values for sorption at much lower concentrations (nM to muM). These results show that U(VI) transport at high concentrations can be relatively fast at non-neutral pH, with negligible surface diffusion, because of weak sorption. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Tokunaga, TK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tktokunaga@lbl.gov RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014; Wan, Jiamin/H-6656-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128; NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 3056 EP 3062 DI 10.1021/es035289+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826FR UT WOS:000221815200023 PM 15224735 ER PT J AU Chu, KH Mahendra, S Song, DL Conrad, ME Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Chu, KH Mahendra, S Song, DL Conrad, ME Alvarez-Cohen, L TI Stable carbon isotope fractionation during aerobic biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA G4; TRICHLOROETHYLENE DEGRADATION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; MICROBIAL DECHLORINATION; NATURAL ATTENUATION; OXIDIZING CULTURES AB Stable isotope analysis is recognized as a powerful tool for monitoring, assessing, and validating in-situ bioremediation processes. In this study, kinetic carbon isotope fractionation factors (epsilon) associated with the aerobic biodegradation of vinyl chloride (VC), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) were examined. Of the three solvents, the largest fractionation effects were observed for biodegradation of VC. Both metabolic and cometabolic VC degradation were studied using Mycobacterium aurum L1 (grown on VC), Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (grown on methane), Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5 (grown on propane), and two VC enrichment cultures seeded from contaminated soils of Alameda Point and Travis Air Force Base, CA. M. aurum L1 caused the greatest fractionation (epsilon = -5.7) while for the cometabolic cultures, c values ranged from -3.2 to -4.8. VC fractionation patterns for the enrichment cultures were within the range of those observed for the metabolic and cometabolic cultures (epsilon = -4.5 to -5.5). The fractionation for cometabolic degradation of TCE by Me. trichosporium OB3b was low (epsilon = -1.1), while no quantifiable carbon isotopic fractionation was observed during the cometabolic degradation of cDCE. For all three of the tested chlorinated ethenes, isotopic fractionation measured during aerobic degradation was significantly smaller than that reported for anaerobic reductive dechlorination. This study suggests that analysis of compound-specific isotopic fractionation could assist in determining whether aerobic or anaerobic degradation of VC and cDCE predominates in field applications of in-situ bioremediation. In contrast, isotopic fractionation effects associated with metabolic and cometabolic reactions are not sufficiently dissimilar to distinguish these processes in the field. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Brown & Caldwell, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 726 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alvarez@ce.berkeley.edu RI Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010; Mahendra, Shaily/F-2759-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42-ES04705] NR 38 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 3126 EP 3130 DI 10.1021/es035238c PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826FR UT WOS:000221815200033 PM 15224745 ER PT J AU Mezyk, SP Cooper, WJ Madden, KP Bartels, DM AF Mezyk, SP Cooper, WJ Madden, KP Bartels, DM TI Free radical destruction of N-nitrosodimethylamine in water SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; NICKEL-ENHANCED IRON; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; RATE CONSTANTS; HYDRATED ELECTRONS; NITROSO COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GRANULAR IRON AB Absolute rate constants for the reactions of the hydroxyl radical, hydrated electron, and hydrogen atom with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water at room temperature have been determined using electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy ((OH)-O-. and e(aq)(-)) and EPR free induction decay attenuation (H-.) measurements. Specific values of (4.30 +/- 0.12) x 10(8), (1.41 +/- 0.02) x 10(10), and (2.01 +/- 0.03) x 10(8) M-1 s(-1) were measured, respectively. DMPO spin-trapping experiments demonstrated that the hydroxyl radical reaction with NDMA occurs by hydrogen atom abstraction from a methyl group, and the rate constant for the subsequent reaction of this radical transient with dissolved oxygen was measured as (5.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(6) M-1 s(-1). This relatively slow rate constant implies that regeneration of the parent nitrosoamine from the oxidized transient could occur in natural waters containing dissolved organic compounds. The reaction of the hydrated electron with NDMA was to form a transient adduct anion, which could subsequently transfer this excess electron to regenerate the parent chemical. Such regeneration reactions would significantly reduce the effectiveness of any applied advanced oxidation technology remediation effort on NDMA-contaminated natural waters. C1 Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Chem & Biochem, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mezyk, SP (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Chem & Biochem, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM Smezyk@csulb.edu NR 65 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 3161 EP 3167 DI 10.1021/es0347742 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826FR UT WOS:000221815200038 PM 15224750 ER PT J AU Gu, BH Ku, YK Jardine, PM AF Gu, BH Ku, YK Jardine, PM TI Sorption and binary exchange of nitrate, sulfate, and uranium on an anion-exchange resin SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ION-EXCHANGE; IMPROVED SELECTIVITY; TERNARY-SYSTEM; EQUILIBRIA; PERTECHNETATE; PREDICTION; SPECIATION; KINETICS AB Competitive ion-exchange reactions were studied on a strong-base anion-exchange resin to remove NO3- and uranium from a contaminated groundwater containing high levels of NO3- (similar to140 mM), SO42- (similar to10 mM), and U(VI) (similar to0.2 mM). Results indicate that although SO42- carries divalent negative charges, it showed the least selectivity for sorption by the Purolite A-520E resin, which is functionalized with triethylamine exchange sites. Nitrate was the most strongly sorbed. Sorption selectivity followed the order of NO3- > Cl- > SO42- under the experimental conditions. Nitrate competitively sorbed and displaced previously sorbed SO42- in a column flow-through experiment and resulted in a high elution front of SO42- in the effluent. Although the concentration of uranium in groundwater is orders of magnitude lower than that of NO3- or SO42-, it was found to be strongly sorbed by the anion-exchange resin. Because the most stable uranium species in oxic and suboxic environments is the UO22+ cation, its strong sorption by anion-exchange resins is hypothesized to be the result of the co-ion effect of NO3- by forming anionic UO2(NO3)(3)(-) complexes in the resin matrix. These observations point out a potential alternative remediation strategy that uses strong-base anion-exchange resins to remove uranium from this site-specific groundwater, which has a low pH and a relatively high NO3- concentration. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM b26@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 NR 25 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 8 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 11 BP 3184 EP 3188 DI 10.1021/es034902m PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826FR UT WOS:000221815200041 PM 15224753 ER PT J AU Wheldon, C Valiente-Dobon, JJ Regan, PH Pearson, CJ Wu, CY Smith, JF Macchiavelli, AO Cline, D Chakrawarthy, RS Chapman, R Cromaz, M Fallon, P Freeman, SJ Gorgen, A Gelletly, W Hayes, A Hua, H Langdown, SD Lee, IY Liang, X Podolyak, Z Sletten, G Teng, R Ward, D Warner, DD Yamamoto, AD AF Wheldon, C Valiente-Dobon, JJ Regan, PH Pearson, CJ Wu, CY Smith, JF Macchiavelli, AO Cline, D Chakrawarthy, RS Chapman, R Cromaz, M Fallon, P Freeman, SJ Gorgen, A Gelletly, W Hayes, A Hua, H Langdown, SD Lee, IY Liang, X Podolyak, Z Sletten, G Teng, R Ward, D Warner, DD Yamamoto, AD TI Multi-quasi particle states in W-184 via multi-nucleon transfer SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Letter ID NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; ISOMERS AB A multi-nucleon transfer reaction using an 850 MeV Xe-136 beam incident on a Pt-198 target was used to populate high-spin states in W-184, 14 nucleons from the target. A 4-quasiparticle isomer with t(1/2) = 188 +/- 38 us has been.-observed for the first time and its de-excitation through collective and intrinsic structures studied. The results are compared with predictions of blocked BCS Nilsson calculations. Observation of this metastable state completes the tungsten 4-quasiparticle isomer systematics from A = 176 to 186. Mapping out the most yrast 4-quasiparticle isomers in these even-even tungsten isotopes suggests the existence of a highly favoured state in W-188, within reach of current experimental set-ups. C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys, New York, NY USA. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paisley, Sch ICT, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. CCLRC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Wheldon, C (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM wheldon@hmi.de RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013; OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1140/epja/i2003-10189-8 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 836NO UT WOS:000222562800002 ER PT J AU Urban, W Rzaca-Urban, T Durell, JL Phillips, WR Smith, AG Varley, BJ Ahmad, I Schulz, N AF Urban, W Rzaca-Urban, T Durell, JL Phillips, WR Smith, AG Varley, BJ Ahmad, I Schulz, N TI First observation of excited states in the Mo-110 nucleus SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Letter ID GROUND-STATE; ZR NUCLEI; ISOTOPES; REGION; DEFORMATION; FISSION; TRANSITION; SR AB The ground-state band in Mo-110 has been observed for the first time. The band, comprising six levels, has been populated in the spontaneous fission Of Cm-248 and studied by means of prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy using the EUROGAM2 array. The ratio E-exc(4(+))/E-exc(2(+)) suggests that the deformation of Mo-110 is smaller than that in Mo-108 but may stabilize at higher neutron number, where an oblate shape is expected. The new data suggests that the deformation of Sr and Zr isotopes decreases above neutron number N = 64. C1 Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, IN2P3 CNRS, F-38026 Grenoble, France. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, UMR7500, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RP Urban, W (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. EM urban@fuw.edu.pl NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1140/epja/i2004-10023-y PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 836NO UT WOS:000222562800005 ER PT J AU Simovic, B Nicklas, M Hammel, PC Hucker, M Buchner, B Thompson, JD AF Simovic, B Nicklas, M Hammel, PC Hucker, M Buchner, B Thompson, JD TI Interplay between freezing and superconductivity in the optimally doped La1.65Eu0.2Sr0.15CuO4 under hydrostatic pressure SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRIPES; ORDER AB We study the electronic properties of a La1.65Eu0.2Sr0.15CuO4 Single crystal under hydrostatic pressure up to 2.9 GPa. Both the freezing of the Cu 3d moments and the structural transition from the orthorhombic (LTO) to the tetragonal (LTT) phase are observed via the relaxation of the nuclear magnetization of La-139 nuclei. Resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements have been carried out under pressure on the same sample. The combination of all data reveals the connection between glassy dynamics, charge localization and the disappearance of superconductivity in the LTT phase. C1 ETH Honggerberg, Lab Festkorperphys HPF, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Simovic, B (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Lab Festkorperphys HPF, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Nicklas, Michael/B-6344-2008; Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014; Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016 OI Nicklas, Michael/0000-0001-6272-2162; Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798; Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 66 IS 5 BP 722 EP 728 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10030-0 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 843FW UT WOS:000223064900017 ER PT J AU Qian, WJ Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Qian, WJ Camp, DG Smith, RD TI High-throughput proteomics using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry SO EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE accurate mass and time tag; FTICR; high throughput; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; proteomics; stable isotype labeling ID PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; CATALYZED O-16-TO-O-18 EXCHANGE; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; LARGE-SCALE IDENTIFICATION; ACCURATE MASS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; INTACT PROTEINS; YEAST PROTEOME AB The advent of high-throughput proteomic technologies for global detection and quantitation of proteins creates new opportunities and challenges for those seeking to gain greater understanding of the cellular machinery. Here, recent advances in high resolution capillary liquid chromatography coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry are reviewed along with its potential application to high-throughput proteomics. These technological advances combined with quantitative stable isotope labeling methodologies provide powerful tools for expanding our understanding of biology at the system level. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weijun.qian@pnl.gov; dave.camp@pnl.gov; rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 59 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEYY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-9450 J9 EXPERT REV PROTEOMIC JI Expert Rev. Proteomics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 1 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1586/14789450.1.1.87 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 939ZU UT WOS:000230114200009 PM 15966802 ER PT J AU Newby, DT Reed, DW Petzke, LM Igoe, AL Delwiche, ME Roberto, FF McKinley, JP Whiticar, MJ Colwell, FS AF Newby, DT Reed, DW Petzke, LM Igoe, AL Delwiche, ME Roberto, FF McKinley, JP Whiticar, MJ Colwell, FS TI Diversity of methanotroph communities in a basalt aquifer SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methanotroplis; sequence diversity; methane monooxygenase; sMMO; pMMO ID SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE DEGRADATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; GROUNDWATER; SUBSURFACE AB Methanotrophic bacteria play an important role in global cycling of carbon and co-metabolism of contaminants. Methanotrophs from pristine regions of the Snake River Plain Aquifer (SRPA; Idaho, USA) were studied in order to gain insight into the native, groundwater communities genetic potential to carry out TCE co-metabolism. Wells were selected that were proximal to a TCE plume believed to be undergoing natural attenuation. Methane concentrations ranged from I to >1000 nM. Carbon isotope ratios and diversity data together suggest that the SRPA contains active communities of methanotrophs that oxidize microbially produced methane. Microorganisms removed from groundwater by filtration were used as inocula for enrichments or frozen immediately and DNA was subsequently extracted for molecular characterization. Primers that specifically target methanotroph 16S rRNA genes or genes that code for subunits of soluble or particulate methane monooxygenase, mmoX and pmoA, respectively, were used to characterize the indigenous methanotrophs via PCR, cloning, RFLP analysis, and sequencing. Type I methanotroph clones aligned with Methylomonas. Methylocaldum, and Methylobacter sequences and a distinct 16S rRNA phylogenetic lineage grouped near Methylobacter. The majority of clone sequences in type 11 methanotroph 16S rRNA, pmoA, and mmoX gene libraries grouped closely with sequences in the Methylocystis genus. A subset of the type 11 methanotroph clones from the aquifer had sequences that aligned most closely to Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and Methylocystis spp., known TCE-co-metabolizing methanotrophs. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All right, reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Albertson Coll Idaho, Caldwell, ID USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Newby, DT (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 2203, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM newbdt@inel.gov RI Reed, David/C-3337-2017 OI Reed, David/0000-0003-4877-776X NR 50 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 48 IS 3 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.02.001 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 827TK UT WOS:000221923700005 PM 19712303 ER PT J AU Winne, CT Keck, MB AF Winne, CT Keck, MB TI Daily activity patterns of Whiptail Lizards (Squamata : Teiidae : Aspidoscelis): a proximate response to environmental conditions or an endogenous rhythm? SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Circadian rhythm; Cnemidophorus; environmental constraints; reptile; temperature ID SCELOPORUS-MERRIAMI; RUIN LIZARDS; CONSTRAINTS; ECOLOGY; TIME AB 1. The hypothesis that high soil temperatures are required to induce both initiation and cessation of daily activity in Whiptail Lizards (Aspidoscelis; formerly Cnemidophorus), as well as the hypotheses that hunger thresholds and high rates of evaporative water loss influence daily activity patterns, were experimentally tested in A. inornata and A. gularis. 2. Although a critical soil temperature was required to elicit the initiation of morning activity, high temperature was not a necessary stimulus for the cessation of activity. 3. Access to prey did not influence the pattern of daily activity; moreover, evaporative water loss did not appear to explain the cessation of afternoon activity. 4. Reversing the photoperiod during our experiments led only to a change in the time of initiation of daily activity (i.e. activity began 12 h later), not a significant change in the duration of daily activity. 5. These results provide strong evidence that circadian cycles can play a critical role in not only the initiation but also the cessation of activity. 6. While the ultimate cause (i.e. selective advantage, if any) of this unusual circadian rhythm may be related to extreme temperature, limited water supplies or some other exogenous factor, clearly, the rhythm persists in the absence of limiting environmental conditions. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Grayson Cty Coll, Denison, TX 75020 USA. RP Winne, CT (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM winne@srel.edu NR 33 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00819.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 820WW UT WOS:000221421400003 ER PT J AU Edgell, DH Fransson, CM Humphreys, DA Ferron, JR Garofalo, AM Kim, JS La Haye, RJ Okabayashi, M Reimerdes, H Strait, EJ Turnbull, AD AF Edgell, DH Fransson, CM Humphreys, DA Ferron, JR Garofalo, AM Kim, JS La Haye, RJ Okabayashi, M Reimerdes, H Strait, EJ Turnbull, AD TI Real-time identification of the resistive-wall-mode in DIII-D with Kalman filter ELM discrimination SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 21-23, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA DE resistive-wall-mode; edge-localized-modes; tokamak; matched filter; Kalman filter ID FEEDBACK; STABILIZATION AB The resistive-wall-mode (RWM) is a major performance-limiting instability in present-day tokamaks. Active control and stabilization of the mode will almost certainly be essential for the success of advanced tokamaks and for the economic viability of tokamak fusion reactors. High performance tokamak plasmas often experience edge-localized-modes (ELMs) which can interfere with RWM identification and control. If the RWM control scheme reacts to an ELM the RWM may be driven unstable instead of controlled. An algorithm for real-time identification of the RWM with discrimination of ELMs in the DIII-D tokamak has been developed using a combination of matched filter and Kalman filter methods. The algorithm has been implemented in DIII-D's real-time plasma control system (PCS) and is available to drive active mode control schemes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. FAR TECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Signals & Syst, Control & Automat Lab, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Edgell, DH (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM dedg@lle.rochester.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2004.04.010 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 842FK UT WOS:000222988500010 ER PT J AU Mastrovito, D Ferron, J Gates, D Gibney, T Johnson, R AF Mastrovito, D Ferron, J Gates, D Gibney, T Johnson, R TI Real-time control software on NSTX SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 21-23, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA DE real-time software; plasma control; NSTX AB The National Spherical Tokamak Experiment (NSTX) depends on high speed, real-time control to establish initial magnetic field configurations, drive plasma current, and control plasma position and shape. The control required on NSTX is achieved through the combined efforts of several applications developed collaboratively including the power supply real-time controller (PSRTC) and the plasma control system (PCS). The PSRTC communicates with the PCS receiving from the PCS real-time voltage controls and is responsible for supplying dc power to the NSTX poloidal field, toroidal field and Ohmic heating coils. The PCS, which was designed at general atomics, controls the data acquisition, gas injection, plasma current, and plasma shape, including a real-time EFIT and isoflux algorithm for equilibrium reconstruction. Modular control algorithms, specific to NSTX, were written and incorporated into the PCS. The NSTX control system is equipped with 160 channels of fast real-time data acquisition and eight 333 MHz G4 processors, which perform the supervision, position, shape, and performance control. After a discharge, the acquired data and setup parameters are transferred to an MDSPlus central archive for later inspection and can be used to repeat previous machine configurations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Mastrovito, D (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dmastrovito@pppl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-4 BP 65 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2004.04.012 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 842FK UT WOS:000222988500012 ER PT J AU Sichta, P Dong, J Marsala, R Oliaro, G Wertenbaker, J AF Sichta, P Dong, J Marsala, R Oliaro, G Wertenbaker, J TI Developments to supplant CAMAC with industry standard technology at NSTX SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 21-23, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA DE data acquisition; PCI; digitizer; timing; CAMAC AB National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), like other research programs, is facing an inevitable crisis due to end-of-life issues for its 20-year-old CAMAC instrumentation. In many cases, replacement components are not available, effectively rendering a CAMAC module unusable after a failure. The proliferation of high performance, reliable, low-cost commodity computing hardware and software based on industry standard technology can provide the basis for a new generation of instrumentation. At NSTX, there have been several advances towards developing a PCI-based model for data acquisition and control systems. New hardware developments include a High Performance Signal Conditioning board and an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based Multifunction Timing System (MTS). Extensible software interfaces have been developed to integrate these boards into the NSTX computing environment [P. Sichta, J. Dong, G. Oliaro, P. Roney 'Overview of the NSTX Control System,' 8th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, San Jose, CA (2001)]. This paper will illustrate these developments and how they could be used to benefit collaborative fusion research. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Sichta, P (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM psichta@pppl.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-4 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2004.04.023 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 842FK UT WOS:000222988500023 ER PT J AU Davis, W Mastrovito, D AF Davis, W Mastrovito, D TI DbAccess: interactive statistics and graphics for plasma physics databases SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 21-23, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA DE database; data visualization; plasma physics; regression; NSTX ID NSTX AB DbAccess is an X-windows application, written in IDL(R), meeting many specialized statistical and graphical needs of NSTX Plasma Physicists, such as regression statistics and the analysis of variance. Flexible "views" and "joins," which include options for complex SQL expressions, facilitate mixing data from different database tables. General Atomics Plot Objects add extensive graphical and interactive capabilities. An example is included for plasma confinement-time scaling analysis using a multiple linear regression least-squares power fit. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Davis, W (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM bdavis@pppl.gov OI Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-4 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2004.04.031 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 842FK UT WOS:000222988500031 ER PT J AU Schissel, DP Burruss, JR Finkelstein, A Flanagan, SM Foster, IT Fredian, TW Greenwald, MJ Johnson, CR Keahey, K Klasky, SA Li, K McCune, DC Papka, M Peng, Q Randerson, L Sanderson, A Stillerman, J Stevens, R Thompson, MR Wallace, G AF Schissel, DP Burruss, JR Finkelstein, A Flanagan, SM Foster, IT Fredian, TW Greenwald, MJ Johnson, CR Keahey, K Klasky, SA Li, K McCune, DC Papka, M Peng, Q Randerson, L Sanderson, A Stillerman, J Stevens, R Thompson, MR Wallace, G TI Building the US national fusion grid: results from the national fusion collaboratory project SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 21-23, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA DE fusion; computer science; US ID REMOTE COLLABORATION; DIII-D AB The US National Fusion Collaboratory Project is developing a persistent infrastructure to enable scientific collaboration for all aspects of magnetic fusion research. The project is creating a robust, user-friendly collaborative software environment and making it available to more than 1000 fusion scientists in 40 institutions who perform magnetic fusion research in the United States. In particular, the project is developing and deploying a national Fusion Energy Sciences Grid (FusionGrid) that is a system for secure sharing of computation, visualization, and data resources over the Internet. The FusionGrid goal is to allow scientists at remote sites to fully participate in experimental and computational activities as if they were working at a common site thereby creating a virtual organization of the US fusion community. The project is funded by the USDOE Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program and unites fusion and computer science researchers to directly address these challenges. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Schissel, DP (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM schissel@fusion.gat.com OI Stillerman, Joshua/0000-0003-0901-0806; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-4 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2004.04.041 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 842FK UT WOS:000222988500041 ER PT J AU Burruss, JR Flanagan, S Keahey, K Ludescher, C McCune, DC Peng, Q Randerson, L Schissel, DP Thompson, A AF Burruss, JR Flanagan, S Keahey, K Ludescher, C McCune, DC Peng, Q Randerson, L Schissel, DP Thompson, A TI Remote computing using the National Fusion Grid SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research CY JUL 21-23, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP IAEA DE grid computing; TRANSP; MDSplus; National Fusion Grid AB The National Fusion Collaboratory (http://www.fusiongrid.org) uses grid technology to implement remote computing on the National Fusion Grid. The motivations are to reduce the cost of computing resources, shorten the software deployment cycle, and simplify remote computing for the user community. The National Fusion Collaboratory has successfully demonstrated remote access as a grid service to the TRANSP transport analysis code for tokamak experiments. TRANSP development and administration are now centralized at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), obviating both the need to port TRANSP to different platforms and the process of deploying TRANSP to remote sites. TRANSP users now share the resources of a powerful Linux cluster located at PPPL. Fusion researchers have completed over 900 TRANSP runs utilizing over 5600 It of CPU time since the TRANSP service was installed in October 2002. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Burruss, JR (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM burruss@fusion.gat.com NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-4 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2004.04.042 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 842FK UT WOS:000222988500042 ER PT J AU Ward, RC Steiner, D AF Ward, RC Steiner, D TI The EPQ code system for simulating the thermal response of plasma-facing components to high-energy electron impact SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma-facing-component modeling; erosion; quickest numerical method ID RUNAWAY ELECTRONS; DISRUPTION EROSION; TOKAMAKS; INSTABILITIES; ENVIRONMENT; GENERATION; DEPOSITION; MODEL; JET AB The generation of runaway electrons during a thermal plasma disruption is a concern for the safe and economical operation of a tokamak power system. Runaway electrons have high energy, 10 to 300 MeV, and may potentially cause extensive damage to plasma-facing components (PFCs) through large temperature increases, melting of metallic components, surface erosion, and possible burnout of coolant tubes. The EPQ code system was developed to simulate the thermal response of PFCs to a runaway electron impact. The EPQ code system consists of several parts: UNIX scripts that control the operation of an electron-photon Monte Carlo code to calculate the interaction of the runaway electrons with the plasma-facing materials; a finite difference code to calculate the thermal response, melting, and surface erosion of the materials; a code to process, scale, transform, and convert the electron Monte Carlo data to volumetric heating rates for use in the thermal code; and several minor and auxiliary codes for the manipulation and postprocessing of the data. The electron-photon Monte Carlo code used was Electron-Gamma-Shower (EGS), developed and maintained by the National Research Center of Canada. The Quick-Therm-Two-Dimensional-Nonlinear (QTTN) thermal code solves the two-dimensional cylindrical modified heat conduction equation using the Quickest third-order accurate and stable explicit finite difference method and is capable of tracking melting or surface erosion. The EPQ code system is validated using a series of analytical solutions and simulations of experiments. The verification of the QTTN thermal code with analytical solutions shows that the code with the Quickest method is better than 99.9% accurate. The benchmarking of the EPQ code system and QTTN versus experiments showed that QTTN's erosion tracking method is accurate within 30% and that EPQ is able to predict the occurrence of melting within the proper time constraints. QTTN and EPQ are verified and validated as able to calculate the temperature distribution, phase change, and surface erosion successfully. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Ward, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-4,MS B296, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wardr@lanl.gov NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 529 EP 548 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 829OA UT WOS:000222057300002 ER PT J AU Gosnell, TR Hoffer, JK AF Gosnell, TR Hoffer, JK TI Effect of thermal radiation on melting times of DT ice layers in polymer-capsule targets for IFE reactors SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IFE; fusion target; target survival ID SOLID HYDROGEN DEUTERIDE; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM AB Estimates of the time-to-melt for cryogenic DT inertial fusion targets in the presence of thermal radiation are presented. This time is defined as that required for thermal radiation in a hypothetical reactor to raise the temperature of small polymer capsules containing solid DT by I K and to fully liquefy the contents. The time estimates are in turn based on estimates of the infrared absorption spectra of both solid DT and the polymer capsule material. Assuming typical target dimensions and rapid equilibratior, of the target temperature, the estimates show that the absorption of thermal radiation and subsequent heating of likely capsule materials will dominate the corresponding quantities of DT ice and thus that the former effect largely determines the time-to-melt of the target. Specific estimates are made for capsules fabricated from Kapton(TM) polyimide. Comparisons are also made for capsules coated with reflective metal coatings, and the potential benefit of these coatings is discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gosnell, TR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gosnell@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 567 EP 572 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 829OA UT WOS:000222057300005 ER PT J AU Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH AF Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH TI Modeling the transverse thermal conductivity of 2-D SiCf/SiC composites made with woven fabric SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal conductivity; ceramic matrix composite; silicon carbide ID 2D-SICF/SIC COMPOSITES AB The hierarchical two-layer (H2L) model describes the effective transverse thermal conductivity (k(eff)) of a two-dimensional (2-D) SiCf/SiC composite plate made from stacked and infiltrated woven fabric layers in terms of constituent properties and microstructural and architectural variables. The H2L model includes the effects of fiber-matrix interfacial conductance, high-fiber packing fractions within individual tows, and the nonuniform nature of 2-D fabric/matrix layers that usually include a significant amount of interlayer porosity. Previously, H2L model keff predictions were compared to measured values for two versions of 2-D Hi-Nicalon(TM)/pyrocarbon (PyC)/isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI)-SiC composite, one with a "thin" (0.11-mum) and the other with a "thick" (1.04-mum) PyC fiber coating, and for a 2-D Tyranno(TM) SA/thin PyC/forced flow chemical vapor infiltration SiC composite. In this study, H2L model keff predictions were compared to measured values for a 2-D SiCf/SiC composite made using the ICVI process with Hi-Nicalon type S fabric and a thin PyC fiber coating. The values of keff determined for the latter composite were significantly greater than the k(eff) values determined for the composites made with either the Hi-Nicalon or the Tyranno SA fabrics. Differences in keff values were expected for the different fiber types, but major differences also were due to observed microstructural and architectural variations between the composite systems, and as predicted by the H2L model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Youngblood, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ge.youngblood@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 583 EP 591 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 829OA UT WOS:000222057300007 ER PT J AU Marshall, T Pawelko, R Anderl, RA Smolik, GR Moore, RL Merrill, B AF Marshall, T Pawelko, R Anderl, RA Smolik, GR Moore, RL Merrill, B TI SOMBRERO LOVA analysis using CFCNB31 oxidation data SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxidation; graphite; SOMBRERO AB Carbon fiber composites (CFCs) are often suggested as armor material for the first wall of a fusion plasma chamber because of carbon's low atomic number, high thermal conductivity, and high melting point. However, carbon is chemically reactive in air and readily absorbs tritium. Accordingly, it is believed that during a loss-of-vacuum accident (LOVA), the CFC armor will react with the air ingress and release its absorbed tritium. The mobilization of this tritium and the carbon monoxide produced by the CFC-air chemical reaction are both safety concerns. This paper discusses the MELCOR thermal-hydraulic analysis of a simulated LOVA for the SOMBRERO fusion design. The MELCOR analysis is important because it included data from recent oxidation experiments that studied the advanced CFC NB31. A previous MELCOR analysis of a simulated SOMBRERO LOVA event suggested that the ingress of air would aggressively oxidize the CFC. While the current analysis revealed initial first-wall temperatures that exceed those of the prior analyses, the trend reversed 161 h after the onset of the LOVA. The calculated wall temperatures at the back of the blanket for the current analysis were consistently lower than those previously calculated using the older data. Accordingly, the conclusion is that a LOVA event for a fusion design similar to SOMBRERO may not be as grave as once predicted. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Marshall, T (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM marstd@inel.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 4 BP 592 EP 596 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 829OA UT WOS:000222057300008 ER PT J AU Bellen, HJ Levis, RW Liao, GC He, YC Carlson, JW Tsang, G Evans-Holm, M Hiesinger, PR Schulze, KL Rubin, GM Hoskins, RA Spradling, AC AF Bellen, HJ Levis, RW Liao, GC He, YC Carlson, JW Tsang, G Evans-Holm, M Hiesinger, PR Schulze, KL Rubin, GM Hoskins, RA Spradling, AC TI The BDGP gene disruption project: Single transposon insertions associated with 40% of Drosophila genes SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED ENHANCER DETECTION; INDUCED MALE RECOMBINATION; P-ELEMENT TRANSPOSITION; PREFERENTIAL TRANSPOSITION; CENTRIC HETEROCHROMATIN; TARGETED TRANSPOSITION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; GENOME PROJECT; 3RD CHROMOSOME AB The Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) strives to disrupt each Drosophila gene by the insertion of a single transposable element. As part of this effort, transposons in >30,000 fly strains were localized and analyzed relative to predicted Drosophila gene Structures. Approximately 6300 lines that maximize genomic coverage were selected to be sent to the Bloomington Stock Center for public distribution, bringing the size of the BDGP gene disruption collection to 7140 lines. It now includes individual lines predicted to disrupt 5362 of the 13,666 currently annotated Drosophila genes (39%). Other lines contain an insertion at least 2 kb from others in the collection and likely mutate additional incompletely annotated or uncharacterized genes and chromosomal regulatory elements. The remaining strains contain insertions likely to disrupt alternative gene promoters or to allow gene misexpression. The expanded BDGP gene disruption collection provides a public resource that will facilitate the application of Drosophila,genetics to diverse biological problems. Finally, the project reveals new insight into how transposons interact with a eukaryotic genome and helps define optimal strategies for using insertional mutagenesis as a genomic tool. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Embryol, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Program Dev Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spradling, AC (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Embryol, 115 W Univ Pkwy, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM spradling@ciwemb.edu OI Bellen, Hugo/0000-0001-5992-5989; Rubin, Gerald/0000-0001-8762-8703 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute NR 94 TC 543 Z9 553 U1 0 U2 21 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 2 BP 761 EP 781 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.026427 PG 21 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 837QN UT WOS:000222650500018 PM 15238527 ER PT J AU Chick, WSH Mentzer, SE Carpenter, DA Rinchik, EM You, Y AF Chick, WSH Mentzer, SE Carpenter, DA Rinchik, EM You, Y TI Modification of an existing chromosomal inversion to engineer a balancer for mouse chromosome 15 SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; DELETION COMPLEXES; ES CELL; MOUSE; MICE; MUTATIONS; GENERATION; RADIATION; MUTANT; LOCUS AB Chromosomal inversions are valuable genetic tools for mutagenesis screens, where appropriately, marked inversions can be used as balancer chromosomes to recover and maintain mutations in the corresponding chromosomal region. For any inversion to be effective as a balancer, it should exhibit both dominant and recessive visible traits; ideally the recessive trait should be a fully penetrant lethality in which inversion homozygotes die before birth. Unfortunately, most inversions recovered by classical radiation or chemical mutagenesis techniques do not have an overt phenotype in either the heterozygous or the homozygous state. However, the, can be modified by relatively simple procedures to make them suitable as an appropriately marked balancer. W have used homologous recombination to modify, in embryonic stem cells, the recessive-lethal In (15)21Rk inversion to endow it with a dominant-visible phenotype. Several ES cell lines were derived from inversion heterozygotes, and a keratin-14 (K14) promoter-driven agouti minigene was introduced onto the inverted chromosome 15 in the ES cells by gene targeting. Mice derived from the targeted ES cells carry the inverted chromosome 15 and, at the same time, exhibit lighter coat color on their ears and tails, making this modified In (15) 21Rk useful as a balancer for proximal mouse chromosome 15. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mammalian Genet & Genomics Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP You, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mammalian Genet & Genomics Grp, Div Life Sci, Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 1061,Room 206, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM youy@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 167 IS 2 BP 889 EP 895 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.026468 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 837QN UT WOS:000222650500028 PM 15238537 ER PT J AU Siegel, RW Velappan, N Pavlik, P Chasteen, L Bradbury, A AF Siegel, RW Velappan, N Pavlik, P Chasteen, L Bradbury, A TI Recombinatorial cloning using heterologous lox sites SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; CRE-MEDIATED RECOMBINATION; ANTIBODY VARIABLE DOMAINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHAGE DISPLAY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POSITIVE SELECTION; PICHIA-PASTORIS; YEAST PROTEOME AB Recombination systems based on lambda and Cre/loxP have been described to facilitate gene transfer from one vector to another in a high-throughput fashion, avoiding the bottlenecks associated with traditional cloning. However, no system described to date is suitable for the cloning of affinity reagents selected from display libraries, which requires that the recombination signals flanking the affinity reagent are translated with a minimum impact on functionality. As affinity reagents will be essential tools in the functional characterization of proteomes, and display technologies represent the most effective means to generate such affinity reagents on a genomic scale, we developed a Cre/loxP-based system, using mutually exclusive heterologous loxP sites placed 5' (Lox 2372) and 3' (Lox WT) of an affinity reagent (scFv). The translated lox sites have minimal impact on scFv expression or functionality, and, in association with a conditionally lethal gene (SacB) permit efficient, high-fidelity transfer to destination vectors. This approach will considerably facilitate the high-throughput downstream use of affinity reagents selected by display technologies, as well as being widely applicable to general recombinatorial cloning for genomic purposes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradbury, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amb@lanl.gov OI Siegel, Robert/0000-0002-0833-5580 NR 66 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1119 EP 1129 DI 10.1101/gr.1821804 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 826TR UT WOS:000221852400014 PM 15173117 ER PT J AU Crooks, GE Hon, G Chandonia, JM Brenner, SE AF Crooks, GE Hon, G Chandonia, JM Brenner, SE TI WebLogo: A sequence logo generator SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-CONTENT; DNA; RECOGNITION; PROTEINS; SITES AB WebLogo generates sequence logos, graphical representations of the patterns within a multiple sequence alignment. Sequence logos provide a richer and more precise description of sequence similarity than consensus sequences and can rapidly reveal significant features of the alignment otherwise difficult to perceive. Each logo consists of stacks of letters, one stack for each position in the sequence. The overall height of each stack indicates the sequence conservation at that position (measured in bits), whereas the height of symbols within the stack reflects the relative frequency of the corresponding amino or nucleic acid at that position. WebLogo has been enhanced recently with additional features and options, to provide a convenient and highly configurable sequence logo generator. A command line interface and the complete, open WebLogo source code are available for local installation and customization. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Struct Genomics Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brenner, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM brenner@compbio.berkeley.edu RI Crooks, Gavin/H-7111-2012; Brenner, Steven/A-8729-2008 OI Brenner, Steven/0000-0001-7559-6185 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [1-K22-HG00056, K22 HG000056]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1-P50-GM62412, P50 GM062412] NR 25 TC 4180 Z9 4274 U1 21 U2 159 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1188 EP 1190 DI 10.1101/gr.849004 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 826TR UT WOS:000221852400021 PM 15173120 ER PT J AU Ovcharenko, I Boffelli, D Loots, GG AF Ovcharenko, I Boffelli, D Loots, GG TI EShadow: A tool for comparing closely related sequences SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN GENOMES; DNA-SEQUENCES; HUMAN GENES; DIVERGENCE; PROTEIN; REGIONS; ALIGNMENTS; CHIMPANZEE; CLUSTERS; IDENTIFICATION AB Primate sequence comparisons are difficult to interpret due to the high degree Of Sequence similarity shared between such closely related species. Recently, a novel method, phylogenetic shadowing, has been pioneered for predicting functional elements in the human genome through the analysis of multiple primate sequence alignments. We have expanded this theoretical approach to create a computational tool, eShadow, for the identification of elements Under selective pressure in multiple sequence alignments of closely related genomes, such as in comparisons of human-to-primate or mouse-to-rat DNA. This tool integrates two different statistical methods and allows for the dynamic visulaization of the resulting conservation profile. eShadow also includes a versatile optimization module capable of training the Underlying Hidden Markov Model to differentially predict functional sequences. This module grants the tool high flexibility in the analysis Of multiple sequence alignments and in comparing sequences with different divergence rates. Here, we describe the eShadow comparative tool and its potential Uses for analyzing both multiple nucleotide and protein alignments to predict putative functional elements. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, EEBI, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ovcharenko, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, EEBI, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ovcharenko1@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1191 EP 1198 DI 10.1101/gr.1773104 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 826TR UT WOS:000221852400022 PM 15173121 ER PT J AU Xi, T Jones, IM Mohrenweiser, HW AF Xi, T Jones, IM Mohrenweiser, HW TI Many amino acid substitution variants identified in DNA repair genes during human population screenings are predicted to impact protein function SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE DNA repair genes; genetic variations; polymorphisms; predicted protein activity ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; CELL REACTIVATION ASSAY; 41 CANDIDATE GENES; MAJOR HUMAN; JAPANESE POPULATION; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; MISSENSE MUTATIONS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN GENOME; DISEASE AB Over 520 different amino acid substitution variants have been previously identified in the systematic screening of 91 human DNA repair genes for sequence variation. Two algorithms were employed to predict the impact of these amino acid substitutions on protein activity. Soiling Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT) classified 226 of 508 variants (44%) as "Intolerant." Polymorphism Phenotyping (PolyPhen) classed 165 of 489 amino acid substitutions (34%) as "Probably or possibly damaging." Another 9-15% of the variants were classed as "Potentially intolerant or damaging." The results from the two algorithms are highly associated, with concordance in predicted impact observed for similar to62% of the variants. Twenty-one to thirty-one percent of the variant proteins are predicted to exhibit reduced activity by both algorithms. These variants occur at slightly lower individual allele frequency than do the variants classified as "Tolerant" or "Benign." Both algorithms correctly predicted the impact of 26 functionally characterized amino acid substitutions in the APE1 protein on biochemical activity, with one exception. It is concluded that a substantial fraction of the missense variants observed in the general human population are functionally relevant. These variants are expected to be the molecular genetic and biochemical basis for the associations of reduced DNA repair capacity phenotypes with elevated cancer risk. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mohrenweiser, HW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Div Epidemiol, Dept Med, 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM hmohrenw@uci.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [YI-ES-8054-05] NR 78 TC 175 Z9 182 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 83 IS 6 BP 970 EP 979 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2003.12.016 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 824CY UT WOS:000221662900003 PM 15177551 ER PT J AU Eggleston, CM Stack, AG Rosso, KM Bice, AM AF Eggleston, CM Stack, AG Rosso, KM Bice, AM TI Adatom Fe(III) on the hematite surface: Observation of a key reactive surface species SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; DISSOLUTION-ACTIVE SITES; MINERAL-WATER INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; OXIDE SURFACES; ALPHA-FE2O3; REGENERATION; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY AB The reactivity of a mineral surface is determined by the variety and population of different types of surface sites (e.g., step, kink, adatom, and defect sites). The concept of "adsorbed nutrient" has been built into crystal growth theories, and many other studies of mineral surface reactivity appeal to ill-defined "active sites." Despite their theoretical importance, there has been little direct experimental or analytical investigation of the structure and properties of such species. Here, we use ex-situ and in-situ scanning tunneling microcopy (STM) combined with calculated images based on a resonant tunneling model to show that observed nonperiodic protrusions and depressions on the hematite (001) surface can be explained as Fe in an adsorbed or adatom state occupying sites different from those that result from simple termination of the bulk mineral. The number of such sites varies with sample preparation history, consistent with their removal from the surface in low pH solutions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Eggleston, CM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM carrick@uwyo.edu; astack@ucdavis.edu; Kevin.Rosso@pnl.gov RI Stack, Andrew/D-2580-2013 OI Stack, Andrew/0000-0003-4355-3679 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 2 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1063/1.1772991 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 924PL UT WOS:000228990700002 ER PT J AU Ilton, ES Haiduc, A Moses, CO Heald, SM Elbert, DC Veblen, DR AF Ilton, ES Haiduc, A Moses, CO Heald, SM Elbert, DC Veblen, DR TI Heterogeneous reduction of uranyl by micas: Crystal chemical and solution controls SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; NATURAL NUCLEAR-REACTOR; BOOM CLAY WATER; SORPTION COMPLEXES; MICROANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; URANIUM SORPTION; MINERALS; BIOTITE; MONTMORILLONITE; ADSORPTION AB This contribution primarily uses X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to better understand mechanisms for coupled sorption-reduction of aqueous U-VI by ferrous micas. Additional information was obtained with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The research is important because homogeneous reduction of aqueous U-VI is sluggish compared to heterogeneous reduction pathways, and micas are important sorbents for uranium in granitic terrains, which have been proposed as potential radionuclide waste disposal sites. Three micas (high, medium and low Fe/Mg biotites), prepared as thin centimeter-sized books, were reacted with U-VI solutions that contained 0-25 mM Na+ or K+, at pH = 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, and 9.5. All the experiments were performed under argon at one bar. Solid samples were retrieved at timed intervals for up to 20 h. Both mica edge and basal plane orientations were analyzed by XPS. Analyses of peak positions, core satellites, and the 5f valence band indicate that U-VI can be reduced by biotite and that heterogeneous reduction depends on the type and concentration of alkali cation in solution, crystallography, and mica composition. We conclude that ferrous micas can reduce U-VI on edge sites, but not on exposed basal plane surfaces, and that Na+ and K+ facilitate and hinder the reaction, respectively. These observations pertain over a broad range of pH. X-Ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) of annite sections indicates that the interlayer region, as opposed to external basal surfaces, also offers possible sites for heterogeneous reduction of U-VI. TEM of annites with high uranium coverage confirmed the presence of interlayer uranium; interestingly, this uranium is concentrated in U-rich nano-scale zones. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. PNCCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Shell Global Solut Int BV, NL-1030 BN Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Ilton, ES (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, PBO 999,MSIn K8-96,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eugene.Ilton@PNL.gov NR 85 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2417 EP 2435 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.010 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 823UG UT WOS:000221638200002 ER PT J AU Elzinga, EJ Tait, CD Reeder, RJ Rector, KD Donohoe, RJ Morris, DE AF Elzinga, EJ Tait, CD Reeder, RJ Rector, KD Donohoe, RJ Morris, DE TI Spectroscopic investigation of U(VI) sorption at the calcite-water interface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID URANIUM(VI) SORPTION; URANYL INCORPORATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SPECIATION; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; XAFS; COMPLEXES; HEMATITE; LUMINESCENCE AB The interaction of U(VI) species with the calcite surface in pre-equilibrated calcite suspensions at pH 7.4 and 8.3 and P(CO2) = 10(-3.5) bar was characterized in situ using extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) and luminescence spectroscopies. Results indicate that uranyl triscarbonate-like adsorption complexes dominate at U(VI) solution concentrations < 500 muM, whereas the formation of U(VI) hydroxide and carbonato precipitates is observed at higher concentrations, consistent with isotherm data and aqueous speciation calculations. The EXAFS data indicate weak splitting in the equatorial O shell of the U(VI) adsorption complexes, which may indicate that the adsorption complexes are bound in an inner-sphere fashion at the calcite surface, although no Ca backscattering could be positively identified. The luminescence data indicate the presence of at least two adsorption complexes that change proportion with U(VI) loading. One species, dominating at low-surface coverage, is the uranyl triscarbonate complex. A second species is observed at higher surface loadings with a luminescence spectrum that is intermediate between the triscarbonate species found at the lowest loadings and uranyl incorporated into bulk polycrystalline calcite. The combined EXAFS and luminescence data indicate that the U(VI) adsorption complexes forming at the calcite surface are triscarbonate-like complexes, with a change in interaction with calcite surface sites as the surface loading increases, and the formation of U(VI) hydroxide/carbonato precipitates at high concentrations. Consequently, multiple uranyl species are likely to exist at the calcite surface during interaction of U(VI)containing waters in the near-surface environment. Furthermore, complex sorption/desorption behavior and kinetics may be associated with differing stabilities of sorbed U(VI) species in calcite-containing materials. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm Mol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, G T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, G T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Elzinga, EJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM eelzinga@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Rector, Kirk/C-3584-2011; Morris, David/A-8577-2012 NR 39 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 8 U2 36 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2437 EP 2448 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.023 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 823UG UT WOS:000221638200003 ER PT J AU Manceau, A Marcus, MA Tamura, N Proux, O Geoffroy, N Lanson, B AF Manceau, A Marcus, MA Tamura, N Proux, O Geoffroy, N Lanson, B TI Natural speciation of Zn at the micrometer scale in a clayey soil using X-ray fluorescence, absorption, and diffraction SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; NA-RICH BIRNESSITE; NAVAL-AIR-STATION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE SPECIATION; HEXAGONAL BIRNESSITE; FERROMANGANESE NODULES; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS AB Combined use of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (SXRF), diffraction (XRD), and absorption (EXAFS) with an X-ray spot size as small as five micrometers allows us to examine noninvasively heterogeneous soils and sediments. Specifically, the speciation of trace metals at low bulk concentrations and the nature of host minerals can be probed with a level of detail unattainable by other techniques. The potential of this novel analytical approach is demonstrated by determining the Zn species in the solid phases of a pristine horizon of a clayey acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.0) having a Zn concentration of 128 mg/kg. The sample presents a differentiated fabric under the optical microscope with traces of localized manganiferous, ferriferous and argillaceous accumulations. The high chemical and textural heterogeneity of this soil offers an opportunity to identify new Zn species and to confirm the existence of others proposed from published least-squares fits of bulk averaged EXAFS spectra. As many as five to six Zn species were observed: sphalerite (ZnS), zincochromite (ZnCr(2)O(4)), Zn-containing phyllosilicate and lithiophorite, and Zn-sorbed ferrihydrite or Zn-phosphate, the results being less definitive for these two last species. Bulk EXAFS spectroscopy applied to the powdered soil indicated that Zn is predominantly associated with phyllosilicates, all other species amounting to < similar to10 to 20% of total zinc. The role of lithiophorite in the sequestration of zinc in soils had been inferred previously, but the firm identitication of lithiophorite in this study serves as an excellent demonstration of the capabilities of combined micro-SXRF/XRD/EXAFS measurements. The micro-EXAFS spectrum collected in an area containing only phyllosilicates could not be simulated assuming a single Zn structural environment. Two distinct octahedrally-coordinated crystallographic sites (i.e., two EXAFS components) were considered: one site located within the phyllosilicate structure (isomorphic cationic substitution in the octahedral sheet) and another in the interlayer region in the form of a Zn-sorbed hydroxy-Al interlayered species. This second subspecies is less certain and further investigation of the individual EXAFS spectrum of this component is needed to precise its exact nature and the uptake mechanism of zinc in it. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, FAME, CRG, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Manceau, A (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, Environm Geochem Grp, Maison Geosci,BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM alain.manceau@ujf-grenoble.fr RI lanson, bruno/A-4207-2009; Proux, Olivier/F-7344-2012; Beamline, FAME/G-9313-2012 OI lanson, bruno/0000-0003-1187-3221; NR 64 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 BP 2467 EP 2483 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.021 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 823UG UT WOS:000221638200005 ER PT J AU Sani, RK Peyton, BM Amonette, JE Geesey, GG AF Sani, RK Peyton, BM Amonette, JE Geesey, GG TI Reduction of uranium(VI) under sulfate-reducing conditions in the presence of Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS G20; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; GALVANIC INTERACTIONS; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; U(VI) REDUCTION; NATURAL-WATERS; IRON SULFIDES; BACTERIA; TOXICITY; FE(III) AB Hexavalent uranium [U(VI)] dissolved in a modified lactate-C medium was treated under anoxic conditions with a mixture of an Fe(III)-(hydr)oxide mineral (hematite, goethite, or ferrihydrite) and quartz. The mass of Fe(Ill)-(hydr)oxide mineral was varied to give equivalent Fe(Ill)-mineral surface areas. After equilibration, the U(VI)-mineral suspensions were inoculated with sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20. Inoculation of the suspensions containing sulfate-limited medium yielded significant G20 Growth, alone, with concomitant reduction of sulfate and U(VI) from solution. With lactate-limited medium, however, some of the uranium that had been removed from solution was resolubilized in the hematite treatments and. to a lesser extent, in the goethite treatments, once the lactate was depleted. No resolubilization was observed in the lactate-limited ferrihydrite treatment even after a prolonged incubation of 4 months. Uranium resolubilization was attributed to reoxidation of the uraninite by Fe(III) present in the (hydr)oxide phases. Analysis by U L-3-edge XANES spectroscopy of mineral specimens sampled at the end of the experiments yielded spectra similar to that of uraninite, but having distinct features, notably a much more intense and slightly broader white line consistent with precipitation of nanometer-sized particles. The XANES spectra thus provided strong evidence for SRB-promoted removal of U(VI) from solution by reductive precipitation of uraninite. Consequently, our results suggest that SRB mediate reduction of soluble U(VI) to an insoluble U(IV) oxide, so long as a suitable electron donor is available. Depletion of the electron donor may result in partial reoxidation of the U(IV) to soluble U(VI) species when the surfaces of crystalline Fe(III)(hydr)oxides are incompletely reduced. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Peyton, BM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Multiphase Environm Res, Dept Chem Engn, Dana Hall Rm 118, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bmp@wsu.edu RI Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651 NR 69 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 12 BP 2639 EP 2648 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.005 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TE UT WOS:000221922900003 ER PT J AU Asimow, PD Sun, D Akins, JA Luo, SN Ahrens, TJ AF Asimow, PD Sun, D Akins, JA Luo, SN Ahrens, TJ TI Petrology of the lowermost mantle SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asimow@gps.caltech.edu RI Asimow, Paul/E-7451-2010 OI Asimow, Paul/0000-0001-6025-8925 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A561 EP A561 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400988 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Webb, SM Fuller, CC Tebo, BM AF Bargar, JR Webb, SM Fuller, CC Tebo, BM TI Structural chemistry and formation mechanisms of bacteriogenic manganese oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM bargar@ssri.slac.stanford.edu; samwebb@slac.stanford.edu; ccfuller@usgs.gov; btebo@ucsd.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A157 EP A157 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400250 ER PT J AU Bickmore, BR Tadanier, CJ Rosso, KM AF Bickmore, BR Tadanier, CJ Rosso, KM TI Combined ab initio/bond-valence method of pK(a) prediction for oxide surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM barry_bickmore@byu.edu; ctadanie@vt.edu; Kevin.Rosso@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A121 EP A121 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400185 ER PT J AU Brady, PV Teter, DM Krumhans, JL Khandaker, NR AF Brady, PV Teter, DM Krumhans, JL Khandaker, NR TI Anion uptake by mixed-metal (hydr)oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM pvbrady@sandia.gov; dmteter@sandia.gov; jlkrumh@sandia.gov; nrk@1postbox.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A522 EP A522 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400922 ER PT J AU Brantley, SL Lichtner, P Steefel, C AF Brantley, SL Lichtner, P Steefel, C TI Modeling depletion zones in weathering profiles and comparison with field data SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM brantley@essc.psu.edu; lichtner@lanl.gov; CISteefel@lbl.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A417 EP A417 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400720 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Yoon, TH Johnson, SB Templeton, AS Trainor, TP Bostick, BC Kendelewicz, T Doyle, CS Spormann, AM AF Brown, GE Yoon, TH Johnson, SB Templeton, AS Trainor, TP Bostick, BC Kendelewicz, T Doyle, CS Spormann, AM TI The role of organic molecules and microbial organisms in metal ion sorption processes SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gordon@pangea.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A160 EP A160 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400256 ER PT J AU Christensen, JN Richter, FM Mendybaev, R AF Christensen, JN Richter, FM Mendybaev, R TI Kinetic fractionation of lithium isotopes during diffusion in water SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jnchristensen@lbl.gov; richter@geosci.uchicago.edu; ramendyb@midway.uchicago.edu RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A152 EP A152 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400244 ER PT J AU Conrad, CF Kelley, MJ AF Conrad, CF Kelley, MJ TI Bridging the gap in metal ion sorption studies with planar oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA USA. EM cfconrad@vims.edu; mkelley@jlab.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A369 EP A369 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400634 ER PT J AU Cygan, RT Wang, J Kalinichev, AG Kirkpatrick, RJ AF Cygan, RT Wang, J Kalinichev, AG Kirkpatrick, RJ TI Molecular models of the external surfaces of kaolinite and the dynamics of the clay-water interface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rtcygan@sandia.gov; jianwei7@uiuc.edu; kalinich@uiuc.edu; kirkpat@uiuc.edu RI Kalinichev, Andrey/B-4519-2008; Wang, Jianwei/B-1827-2009 OI Kalinichev, Andrey/0000-0003-0743-4242; NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A133 EP A133 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400209 ER PT J AU Dutrow, BL Foster, CT Gable, CW Travis, BJ AF Dutrow, BL Foster, CT Gable, CW Travis, BJ TI Heating rates and mineral textures as indicators of fluid flow during metamorphism SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Geol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM dutrow@geol.lsu.edu; tomfoster@uiowa.edu; gable@lanl.gov; bjtravis@lanl.gov RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A249 EP A249 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400410 ER PT J AU Fehn, U Snyder, GT Moran, JE AF Fehn, U Snyder, GT Moran, JE TI Source ages of hydrocarbons: I-129 investigations of oil field brines, gas hydrates and coal-bed methane SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM fehn@earth.rochester.edu; gsnyder@rice.edu; moran10@llnl.gov RI Snyder, Glen/E-7873-2017 OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A229 EP A229 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400376 ER PT J AU Feineman, MD Ryerson, FJ DePaolo, D AF Feineman, MD Ryerson, FJ DePaolo, D TI Quantitative models for the composition of slab-derived fluids SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A600 EP A600 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923401060 ER PT J AU Huang, F Gilbert, B Zhang, H Finnegan, MP Rustad, JR Kim, CS Waychunas, GA Banfield, JF AF Huang, F Gilbert, B Zhang, H Finnegan, MP Rustad, JR Kim, CS Waychunas, GA Banfield, JF TI Interface interactions in nanoparticle aggregates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fhuang@eps.berkeley.edu; bgilbert@eps.berkeley.edu; heng@eps.berkeley.edu; mfinn@seismo.berkeley.edu; rustad@geology.davis.edu; jill@eps.berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A222 EP A222 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400367 ER PT J AU Kaszuba, JP Williams, L Janecky, DR Hollis, WK AF Kaszuba, JP Williams, L Janecky, DR Hollis, WK TI Importance of immiscible CO2-H2O fluids for geochemical processes in low to moderate temperature crustal environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E537, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J591, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkaszuba@lanl.gov; williamsl@lanl.gov; janecky@lanl.gov; hollis@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A252 EP A252 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400417 ER PT J AU Kim, CS Toney, MF Waychunas, GA Rustad, JR Banfield, JF AF Kim, CS Toney, MF Waychunas, GA Rustad, JR Banfield, JF TI Synchrotron-based studies of nanoparticulate iron oxyhydroxide growth and metal uptake SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cskim@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A101 EP A101 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400150 ER PT J AU Korenevsky, AA Gorby, YA Beveridge, TJ AF Korenevsky, AA Gorby, YA Beveridge, TJ TI Shewanella's surface physicochemistry and adhesiveness to Fe-oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Microbiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A190 EP A190 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400308 ER PT J AU Lopano, CL Heaney, PJ Post, JE Hanson, J Komarneni, S AF Lopano, CL Heaney, PJ Post, JE Hanson, J Komarneni, S TI Time-resolved structural analysis of K-, Ba-, and Cs-exchange in synthetic birnessite using synchrotron X-ray diffraction SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM clopano@geosc.psu.edu; heaney@geosc.psu.edu; post.jeffrey@nmnh.si.edu; hanson1@bnl.gov; komarneni@geosc.psu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A86 EP A86 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400121 ER PT J AU Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Ridley, MK Palmer, DA Fenter, PA Zhang, Z Kubicki, JD Pedota, M AF Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ Ridley, MK Palmer, DA Fenter, PA Zhang, Z Kubicki, JD Pedota, M TI Ion adsorption at the rutile-water interface to hydrothermal conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen ID 250-DEGREES-C C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ S Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. EM machesky@sws.uiuc.edu; dqw@ornl.gov; Moira.Ridley@ttu.edu; ddp@ornl.gov; Fenter@anl.gov; zhanzhang@northwestern.edu; kubicki@geosc.psu.edu; predota@icpf.cas.cz RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A159 EP A159 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400253 ER PT J AU Maher, K Steefel, CI DePaolo, DJ AF Maher, K Steefel, CI DePaolo, DJ TI U-234/U-238 disequilibrium as a measure of weathering rates in soils and sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM katem@eps.berkeley.edu; steefel@lbl.gov; depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A416 EP A416 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400718 ER PT J AU McGrail, BP Alexander, ML Young, JS Martin, PF AF McGrail, BP Alexander, ML Young, JS Martin, PF TI Gas hydrate formation and dissociation in the environmental scanning electron microscope SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Appl Geol & Geochem Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pete.mcgrail@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A103 EP A103 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400154 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SC Bickmore, BR Tadanier, CJ Rosso, KM AF Mitchell, SC Bickmore, BR Tadanier, CJ Rosso, KM TI An improved MUSIC model for gibbsite surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Geol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM scm26@geology.byu.edu; barry_bickmore@byu.edu; ctadanie@vt.edu; Kevin.Rosso@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400190 ER PT J AU Phoenix, VR Korenevsky, AA Beveridge, TJ Gorby, YA Ferris, FG AF Phoenix, VR Korenevsky, AA Beveridge, TJ Gorby, YA Ferris, FG TI Lipopolysaccharide and surface proton binding characterization of Shewanella sp. SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Guelph, Dept Microbiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM vernon@geology.utoronto.ca RI Phoenix, Vernon/J-8871-2014 OI Phoenix, Vernon/0000-0002-8682-5200 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A191 EP A191 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400309 ER PT J AU Post, JE Heaney, PJ Hanson, J AF Post, JE Heaney, PJ Hanson, J TI In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of the dehydration behaviors of Na- and K-birnessites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM post.jeffrey@nmnh.si.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A64 EP A64 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400079 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Dupus, M AF Rosso, KM Dupus, M TI Electron transfer in iron oxides: Theoretical assessment of electron hopping rates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen ID TRANSPORT C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. EM kevin.rosso@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A131 EP A131 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400205 ER PT J AU Snyder, GT Fehn, U Muramatsu, Y Sultana, MS Moran, JE Rao, U AF Snyder, GT Fehn, U Muramatsu, Y Sultana, MS Moran, JE Rao, U TI Factors influencing the global distribution of iodine-129 in the environment: A look at the iodine cycle in surface reservoirs SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NIRS, Chiba, Japan. Jahanirnagar Univ, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. St Josephs Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA. EM gsnyder@rice.edu; fehn@earth.rochester.edu; y_murama@nirs.go.jp; mssultana@bdonline.com; moran10@llnl.gov; urao@sju.edu RI Snyder, Glen/E-7873-2017 OI Snyder, Glen/0000-0001-5289-7903 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A491 EP A491 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400861 ER PT J AU Steefel, CI Zachara, JM Frederickson, JK AF Steefel, CI Zachara, JM Frederickson, JK TI Rates of Tc reduction by biogenic Fe(II) in subsurface sediment SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM CISteefel@lbl.gov; John.Zachara@pnl.gov; Jim.Frederickson@pnl.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A382 EP A382 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400656 ER PT J AU Thomas, TN Land, TA Johnson, M Casey, WH AF Thomas, TN Land, TA Johnson, M Casey, WH TI Experiments to identify the molecular properties of Step-Pinning Adsorbates on KDP SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Chem Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Livermore, CA USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tnthomas@ucdavis.edu; land1@llnl.gov; johnson@nmsu.edu; whcasey@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A168 EP A168 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400271 ER PT J AU Wasylenki, LE Dove, PM De Yoreo, J AF Wasylenki, LE Dove, PM De Yoreo, J TI Sensitivity of calcite growth rate to solution Mg/Ca increases with increasing temperature SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA USA. LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. EM lew@vt.edu RI Dove, Patricia/A-7911-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A200 EP A200 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400324 ER PT J AU Yoshida, T Ozaki, T Ohnuki, T Francis, AJ AF Yoshida, T Ozaki, T Ohnuki, T Francis, AJ TI Adsorption of heavy elements by Pseudomonas fluorescens cells in the presence of desferrioxamine siderophore SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 14th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 05-11, 2004 CL Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Geochem, Geochem Soc, Geochem Soc Japan, Mineralog Soc Amer HO Univ Copenhagen C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yoshida@sparclt.tokai.jaeri.go.jp; ajfrancis@bnl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2004 VL 68 IS 11 SU S BP A359 EP A359 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 827TH UT WOS:000221923400614 ER PT J AU Brennan, ST Lowenstein, TK Horita, J AF Brennan, ST Lowenstein, TK Horita, J TI Seawater chemistry and the advent of biocalcification SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE seawater; evaporites; fluid inclusions; biomineralization; Cambrian explosion ID SECULAR VARIATION; FLUID INCLUSIONS; MARINE; CALCIFICATION; OSCILLATIONS; EVAPORITES; MAGNESIUM; STRONTIUM; EVOLUTION; CALCIUM AB Major ion compositions of primary fluid inclusions from terminal Proterozoic (ca. 544 Ma) and Early Cambrian (ca. 515 Ma) marine halites indicate that seawater Ca2+ concentrations increased approximately threefold during the Early Cambrian. The timing of this shift in seawater chemistry broadly coincides with the "Cambrian explosion," a brief drop in marine Sr-87/Sr-86 values, and an increase in tectonic activity, suggesting a link between the advent of biocalcification, hydrothermal mid-ocean-ridge brine production, and the composition of seawater. The Early Cambrian surge in oceanic [Ca2+] was likely the first such increase following the rise of metazoans and may have spurred evolutionary changes in marine biota. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brennan, ST (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 956 Natl Ctr,12201 Sunrise Valley Dr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 33 TC 98 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 32 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1130/g20251.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 826SS UT WOS:000221849500003 ER PT J AU Horn, JM Masterson, BA Rivera, A Miranda, A Davis, MA Martin, S AF Horn, JM Masterson, BA Rivera, A Miranda, A Davis, MA Martin, S TI Bacterial growth dynamics, limiting factors, and community diversity in a proposed geological nuclear waste repository environment SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacterial survival; microbiological biodiversity; microbiological growth kinetics; subsurface ecology; subsurface nutrients; vadose ecology; Yucca Mountain ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DEEP-SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; SEQUENCE; SURVIVAL; NEVADA; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; HETEROGENEITY AB Microbiological growth parameters, including limiting factors, kinetics, and minimal cell densities were assessed for subsurface microbiological communities collected with rock from an area proposed for a nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed that approximately 10(4)-10(5) viable cells per gram of dry rock are extant, and water availability was shown to be the primary factor limiting microbial growth in situ. Phosphate and carbon limitation, however, also suppress final cell densities by at least one order of magnitude under saturated conditions. Despite these limiting factors, significant growth of aerobic chemoheterotrophic microorganisms was shown to occur in unconcentrated simulated groundwater with or without addition of a reduced carbon source (7 x 10(7) and 8 x 10(6) planktonic cells/mL, respectively), indicating that when water becomes available in the repository environment, microbial growth will ensue. Organisms that were isolated from stationary cultures grown from Yucca Mountain rock in concentrated and unconcentrated simulated groundwaters showed significant 16S rDNA sequence divergence from reference organisms. Different (but related) organisms were isolated from concentrated and unconcentrated groundwater-grown cultures. Generally, as experimental conditions approached those expected to be encountered in situ, the organisms isolated were more divergent from reference organisms. Organisms that were isolated have metabolic properties that could allow them to be active and grow within the repository environment if water availability is sufficient. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Horn, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 808,L-631, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM horn3@llnl.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 273 EP 286 DI 10.1080/01490450490438775 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 817OI UT WOS:000221186400004 ER PT J AU Lippmann, MJ Truesdell, AH Rodriguez, MH Perez, A AF Lippmann, MJ Truesdell, AH Rodriguez, MH Perez, A TI Response of Cerro Prieto II and III (Mexico) to exploitation SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE water-dominated systems; boiling; condensation; recharge; injection; reservoir; Cerro Prieto; Mexico ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA; GEOTHERMAL-FIELD; HEAT AB The Cerro Prieto field of northern Mexico is the largest water-dominated geothermal field under commercial production at the present time. In 2000 more than 115 million tons of fluids were extracted, but only about 20% was injected back into the reservoirs. This deficit has contributed to a drop in pressures resulting in localized boiling, influx of cooler groundwater and other reservoir processes. The influence of geologic features, especially faults, on these processes and on the response of different parts of the field to production is described. The study illustrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to gain an understanding of the behavior of geothermal systems under production. (C) 2003 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Comis Fed Elect, Residencia Gen Cerro Prieto, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. RP Lippmann, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjlippmann@lbl.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 229 EP 256 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2003.08.009 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 823EK UT WOS:000221592300001 ER PT J AU Kiryukhin, A Xu, TF Pruess, K Apps, J Slovtsov, I AF Kiryukhin, A Xu, TF Pruess, K Apps, J Slovtsov, I TI Thermal-hydrodynamic-chemical (THC) modeling based on geothermal field data SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE modeling; TOUGHREACT; geothermal fields; Japan; Kamchatka; Russia ID NORTHEAST JAPAN; FLUID-FLOW; KYUSHU; RESERVOIR; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; EQUILIBRIA; RESOURCES; PHASE; GASES AB Data on fluid chemistry and rock mineralogy are evaluated for a number of geothermal fields located in the volcanic arc of Japan and Kamchatka, Russia, Common chemical characteristics are identified and used to define scenarios for detailed numerical modeling of coupled thermal-hydrodynamic-chemical (THC) processes. The following scenarios of parental geothermal fluid upflow were studied: (1) single-phase conditions, 260 degreesC at the bottom ('Ogiri' type); (2) two-phase conditions, 300 degreesC at the bottom ('Hatchobaru' type); and (3) heat pipe conditions, 260 degreesC at the bottom ('Matsukawa' type). THC modeling for the single-phase upflow scenario shows wairakite, quartz, K-feld spar and chlorite formed as the principal secondary minerals in the production zone, and illite-smectite formed below 230 degreesC. THC modeling of the two-phase upflow shows that quartz, K-feldspar (microcline), wairakite and calcite precipitate in the model as principal secondary minerals in the production zone. THC modeling of heat pipe conditions shows no significant secondary deposition of minerals (quartz, K-feldspar, zeolites) in the production zone. The influence of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of chemical interaction, and of mass fluxes on mineral phase changes, was found to be significant, depending on the upflow regime. It was found that no parental geothermal fluid inflow is needed for zeolite precipitation, which occurs above 140 degreesC in saturated andesite, provided that the porosity is greater than 0.001. In contrast, quartz and K-feldspar precipitation may result in a significant porosity reduction over a hundred-year time scale under mass flux conditions, and complete fracture sealing will occur given sufficient time under either single-phase or two-phase upflow scenarios. A heat pipe scenario shows no significant porosity reduction due to lack of secondary mineral phase deposition. (C) 2004 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Volcanol Piip 9, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683006, Russia. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Inst Volcanol Piip 9, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683006, Russia. EM avk2@kcs.iks.ru RI Kiryukhin, Alexey/Q-3615-2016; OI Kiryukhin, Alexey/0000-0001-5468-1452 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 EI 1879-3576 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 3 BP 349 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2003.09.005 PG 33 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 823EK UT WOS:000221592300006 ER PT J AU King, JS Hanson, PJ Bernhardt, E DeAngelis, P Norby, RJ Pregitzer, KS AF King, JS Hanson, PJ Bernhardt, E DeAngelis, P Norby, RJ Pregitzer, KS TI A multiyear synthesis of soil respiration responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 from four forest FACE experiments SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Betula; global change; liquidambar; Pinus; Populus; soil CO2 efflux ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EFFLUX; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; BELOW-GROUND CARBON; PINUS-TAEDA; DECIDUOUS FOREST; TEMPERATE FOREST; ENRICHMENT FACE; PONDEROSA PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; RHIZOSPHERE RESPIRATION AB The rapidly rising concentration of atmospheric CO2 has the potential to alter forest and global carbon cycles by altering important processes that occur in soil. Forest soils contain the largest and longest lived carbon pools in terrestrial ecosystems and are therefore extremely important to the land-atmosphere exchange of carbon and future climate. Soil respiration is a sensitive integrator of many soil processes that control carbon storage in soil, and is therefore a good metric of changes to soil carbon cycling. Here, we summarize soil respiration data from four forest free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments in developing and established forests that have been exposed to elevated atmospheric [CO2] (168 muL L-1 average enrichment) for 2-6 years. The sites have similar experimental design and use similar methodology (closed-path infrared gas analyzers) to measure soil respiration, but differ in species composition of the respective forest communities. We found that elevated atmospheric [CO2] stimulated soil respiration at all sites, and this response persisted for up to 6 years. Young developing stands experienced greater stimulation than did more established stands, increasing 39% and 16%, respectively, averaged over all years and communities. Further, at sites that had more than one community, we found that species composition of the dominant trees was a major controller of the absolute soil CO2 efflux and the degree of stimulation from CO2 enrichment. Interestingly, we found that the temperature sensitivity of bulk soil respiration appeared to be unaffected by elevated atmospheric CO2. These findings suggest that stage of stand development and species composition should be explicitly accounted for when extrapolating results from elevated CO2 experiments or modeling forest and global carbon cycles. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP King, JS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jsking@mtu.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; De Angelis, Paolo/A-6863-2012; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; De Angelis, Paolo/0000-0001-8310-8831; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X NR 79 TC 106 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1042 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00789.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825FQ UT WOS:000221741800009 ER PT J AU Gilmore, TJ Mitroshkov, AV Dresel, PE Sklarew, DS AF Gilmore, TJ Mitroshkov, AV Dresel, PE Sklarew, DS TI Laboratory investigation into the contribution of contaminants to ground water from equipment materials used in sampling SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article AB Benzene contamination was detected in well water samples from the Ogallala Aquifer beneath and adjacent to the Department of Energy's Pantex Plant near Amarillo, Texas. This study assessed whether or not the materials used in multilevel sampling equipment at this site could have contributed to the contaminants found in well water samples. As part of this investigation, laboratory testing of the sample equipment material was conducted. Results from the laboratory tests indicated three different materials from two types of multilevel samplers did, in fact, contribute volatile and semivolatile organic compounds to the ground water samples from static leach tests that were conducted during an eight week period. The nylon-11 tubing contributed trace concentrations of benzene (1.37 mug/L) and relatively high concentrations of the plasticizer N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBSA) (764 mg/L) to the water; a urethane-coated nylon well liner contributed relatively high concentrations of toluene (278 mug/L) and trace amounts of NBSA; and a sampling port spacer material made of nylon/polypropylene/polyester-composite contributed trace amounts of toluene and NBSA. While the concentrations of benzene and toluene measured in the laboratory tests were below the concentrations measured in actual ground water samples, the concentrations of organics from these equipment materials were sufficient to render the results reported for the ground water samples suspect. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gilmore, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 99,MS K6-81, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tyler.gilmore@pnl.gov; alex.mitroshkov@pnl.gov; evan.dresel@pnl.gov; debbie.sklarew@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 850FC UT WOS:000223595600008 ER PT J AU Turin, HJ Jones, CL Groffman, AR Dunn, SD Lowry, WE Soll, WE AF Turin, HJ Jones, CL Groffman, AR Dunn, SD Lowry, WE Soll, WE TI Collection of unsaturated-zone water samples for tracer analysis: Evaluation of an inverting membrane technique SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID BUSTED-BUTTE; TRANSPORT; NEVADA; TUFFS AB As part of the site characterization efforts at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a series of unsaturated zone tracer tests has been performed at nearby Busted Butte. The phase 2 tracer test was conducted within an instrumented 10 m by 10 m by 7 m in situ block of vitric tuff. A complex tracer solution containing both reactive and nomeactive tracers was pumped into the block during a period of 27 months. Throughout the test, thousands of unsaturated zone pore water samples were collected OD sorptive pads attached to inverting membranes and then analyzed for tracer concentration. Partway through the experiment, three new boreholes were drilled into the block, and two intercepted the tracer plume. The rock core was removed for pore water extraction and analysis, and the boreholes were then instrumented with inverting membranes and sorptive pads. The initial set of pore water-soaked pads was removed from the boreholes a week after they were emplaced, and the pore water was extracted and analyzed. This paper compares the tracer concentration data from the rock cores and the pads to evaluate the effectiveness of the inverting membrane collection technique for a variety of tracers. While the sorptive pads sample only dissolved tracers, rock cores contain both dissolved and sorbed tracer. For nonreactive tracers, such as halides (bromide and iodide) and fluorinated benzoic acids (FBAs), this distinction is immaterial, and the rock and pad data agree quantitatively for the halide tracers, and qualitatively for the FBAs. For reactive tracers, such as lithium, the dissolved tracer concentrations can be estimated from rock analyses by dividing by the tracer's retardation factor; when this correction is applied, the rock and pad lithium data are also in reasonable agreement. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci & Engn Assoc Inc, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. RP Turin, HJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM turin@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 850FC UT WOS:000223595600009 ER PT J AU Pfiffner, SM Palumbo, AV Sayles, GD Gannon, D AF Pfiffner, SM Palumbo, AV Sayles, GD Gannon, D TI Microbial population and degradation activity changes monitored during a chlorinated solvent biovent demonstration SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID EXPANDED-BED BIOREACTORS; AEROBIC COMETABOLISM; TRICHLOROETHYLENE DEGRADATION; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; VINYL-CHLORIDE; BIODEGRADATION; HYDROCARBONS; TOLUENE; BIOAUGMENTATION; METHANE AB Microbial populations and degradation activity increased significantly during a chlorinated solvent bioventing bioremediation effort using propane at Dover Air Force Base in Delaware. The propane injection resulted in degradation of a mixture of chlorinated solvents, including trichloroethylene (TCE), cis-dichloroethylene (c-DCE), and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA). In only 20 d, the propane injection resulted in decreases of TCE and c-DCE of > 98%, and a decrease in TCA in soil gas by similar to70%. The degradation of the TCA may not have occurred with a methane, butane, toluene, or phenol injection. These decreases in chlorinated solvent concentrations were accompanied by large increases in propane-utilizing bacteria that ranged from below detection levels prior to the injection to similar to1% of the ending total aerobic heterotrophic population by the end of the propane injection. Thus, a proportional increase occurred as heterotrophic counts increased a hundredfold. Microbial TCE degradation activity, as measured in microcosms, also increased with the propane injection. The highest rates of degradation were observed in microcosms with propane and nutrients, indicating the potential for higher field rates of degradation with nutrient additions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. US EPA, Natl Risk Management Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Astra Zenecas, Sheridan Pk Environm Lab, Mississauga, ON, Canada. RP Pfiffner, SM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 10515 Res Dr,Ste 300, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM pfiffner@utk.edu RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 1069-3629 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 24 IS 3 BP 102 EP 110 PG 9 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 850FC UT WOS:000223595600010 ER PT J AU Olsher, RH Seagraves, DT Eisele, SL Bjork, CW Martinez, WA Romero, LL Mallett, MW Duran, MA Hurlbut, CR AF Olsher, RH Seagraves, DT Eisele, SL Bjork, CW Martinez, WA Romero, LL Mallett, MW Duran, MA Hurlbut, CR TI Prescila: A new, lightweight neutron rem meter SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE instruments; neutrons; monitors; radiation; detector; radiation AB Conventional neutron rem meters currently in use are based on 1960's technology that relies on a large neutron moderator assembly surrounding a thermal detector to achieve a rem-like response function over a limited energy range. Such rem meters present an ergonomic challenge, being heavy and bulky, and have caused injuries during radiation protection surveys. Another defect of traditional rem meters is a poor high-energy response above 10 MeV, which makes them unsuitable for applications at high-energy accelerator facilities. Proton Recoil Scintillator-Los Alamos (PRESCILA) was developed as a low-weight (2 kg) alternative capable of extended energy response, high sensitivity, and moderate gamma rejection. An array of ZnS(Ag) based scintillators is located inside and around a Lucite light guide, which couples the scintillation light to a sideview bialkali photomultiplier tube. The use of both fast and thermal scintillators allows the energy response function to be optimized for a wide range of operational spectra. The light guide and the borated polyethylene frame provide moderation for the thermal scintillator element. The scintillators represent greatly improved versions of the Hornyak and Stedman designs from the 1950's, and were developed in collaboration with Eljen Technology. The inherent pulse height advantage of proton recoils over electron tracks in the phosphor grains eliminates the need for pulse shape discrimination and makes it possible to use the PRESCILA probe with standard pulse height discrimination provided by off-the-shelf health physics counters. PRESCILA prototype probes have been extensively tested at both Los Alamos and the German Bureau of Standards, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Test results are presented for energy response, directional dependence, linearity, sensitivity, and gamma rejection. Initial field tests have been conducted at Los Alamos and these results are also given. It is concluded that PRESCILA offers a viable, ergonomically superior, alternative to traditional rem meters that is effective for a wide range of neutron fields. The probe is capable of excellent sensitivity (40 counts per minute per muSv h(-1) for (AmBe)-Am-241) and extended energy response to beyond 20 MeV. Directional response is uniform (+/-15%) over a wide range of energies. Response linearity has been characterized to over 20 mSv h(-1). Gamma rejection is effective in gamma fields up to 2 mSv h(-1). The PRESCILA technology has been commercialized and is now offered under license by Ludlum Measurements, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Eljen Technol, Sweetwater, TX 79556 USA. RP Olsher, RH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, Mail Stop J573,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dick@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 86 IS 6 BP 603 EP 612 DI 10.1097/00004032-200406000-00005 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 822DM UT WOS:000221515700005 PM 15167123 ER PT J AU Bensasson, D Boore, JL Nielsen, KM AF Bensasson, D Boore, JL Nielsen, KM TI Genes without frontiers? SO HEREDITY LA English DT Review DE horizontal gene transfer; biosafety; natural transformation ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE GENES; TRANSGENIC PLANT DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NATURAL TRANSFORMATION; ACINETOBACTER SP; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SOIL MICROCOSMS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MISMATCH-REPAIR AB For bacteria, the primary genetic barrier against the genetic exchange of DNA that is not self-transmissible is dissimilarity in the bacterial DNA sequences concerned. Genetic exchange by homologous recombination is frequent among close bacterial relatives and recent experiments have shown that it can enable the uptake of closely linked nonhomologous foreign DNA. Artificial vectors are mosaics of mobile DNA elements from free-living bacterial isolates and so bear a residual similarity to their ubiquitous natural progenitors. This homology is tightly linked to the multitude of different DNA sequences that are inserted into synthetic vectors. Can homology between vector and bacterial DNA enable the uptake of these foreign DNA inserts? In this review we investigate pUC18 as an example of an artificial vector and consider whether its homology to broad host-range antibiotic resistance transposons and plasmid origins of replication could enable the uptake of insert DNA in the light of studies of homology-facilitated foreign DNA uptake. We also discuss the disposal of recombinant DNA, its persistence in the environment and whether homologies to pUC18 may exist in naturally competent bacteria. Most DNA that is inserted into the cloning site of artificial vectors would be of little use to a bacterium, but perhaps not all. C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Evolut Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Tromso, Dept Pharm, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Norwegian Inst Gene Ecol, Tromso, Norway. RP Bensasson, D (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biol Sci, Silwood Pk,Buckhurst Rd, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. EM d.bensasson@imperial.ac.uk OI Nielsen, Kaare Magne/0000-0002-7217-2114; Bensasson, Douda/0000-0002-9015-2707 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUN PY 2004 VL 92 IS 6 BP 483 EP 489 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800451 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 823VC UT WOS:000221640500003 PM 15162114 ER PT J AU Xu, J Ding, Y Jacobsen, SD Mao, HK Hemley, RJ Zhang, J Qian, J Pantea, C Vogel, SC Williams, DJ Zhao, Y AF Xu, J Ding, Y Jacobsen, SD Mao, HK Hemley, RJ Zhang, J Qian, J Pantea, C Vogel, SC Williams, DJ Zhao, Y TI Powder neutron diffraction of wustite (Fe0.93O) to 12 GPa using large moissanite anvils SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; wustite; moissanite anvil cell; high pressure ID HIGH-PRESSURE; SCATTERING AB High-pressure powder neutron diffraction of wustite-Fe0.93O has been achieved to 12 GPa using a large gemmoissanite (SiC) anvil cell. The moissanite anvils are weakly absorbing and provide greater neutron fluxes to the sample than is possible with tungsten carbide anvils. There is minimal diffraction overlap from the single-crystal moissanite anvils compared to tungsten carbide or synthetic diamond anvils, providing cleaner background profiles. The required sample volume for high-pressure neutron diffraction is dramatically reduced to several cubic millimeters. High-quality powder diffraction patterns of wustite were recorded at 90 min exposure times on the HIPPO diffractometer at LANSCE when the sample volume was in the range of similar to10 mm(3). This is about two orders of magnitude smaller than the necessary sample volume (similar to1.0 cm(3)) for the same kind of experiment with other high-pressure cells and nominal neutron fluxes. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Res Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Liaoning Univ, Dept Phys, Shenyang 110036, Peoples R China. EM j.xu@gl.ciw.edu RI Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Ding, Yang/K-1995-2014; Jacobsen, Steven/F-3443-2013; OI Ding, Yang/0000-0002-8845-4618; Jacobsen, Steven/0000-0002-9746-958X; Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1080/0895795042000218749 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 839EQ UT WOS:000222766600003 ER PT J AU Mescheryakov, YI Petrov, YA Zhigacheva, NI Divakov, AK Cline, CF AF Mescheryakov, YI Petrov, YA Zhigacheva, NI Divakov, AK Cline, CF TI Comparative analysis of uniaxial strain shock tests and Taylor tests for maraging steels SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE yield stress; Taylor tests; plane shock tests; maraging steel AB High-strength constructional 38XH3MPhiA steel and three kinds of maraging steel were tested to determine the yield stress under dynamic loading. The 38XH3MPhiA steel was used as central test material to work out the experimental technique and compare the results obtained in different test methods. Results obtained in the plane shock tests under uniaxial strain condition show roughly the same yield stress values as those obtained in Taylor tests. C1 RAS, Inst Problems Mech Engn, St Petersburg 199178, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94506 USA. RP Mescheryakov, YI (reprint author), RAS, Inst Problems Mech Engn, VO Bolshoi 61, St Petersburg 199178, Russia. EM ymesch@impact.ipme.ru; carlclinel@cs.com NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 2 BP 263 EP 286 DI 10.1080/08957950410001710616 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 839EQ UT WOS:000222766600005 ER PT J AU Schmid, TE Brinkworth, MH Hill, F Sloter, E Kamischke, A Marchetti, F Nieschlag, E Wyrobek, AJ AF Schmid, TE Brinkworth, MH Hill, F Sloter, E Kamischke, A Marchetti, F Nieschlag, E Wyrobek, AJ TI Detection of structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities by ACM-FISH analysis in sperm of oligozoospermic infertility patients SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE ACM; FISH; infertility; oligozoospermic; sperm ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; HEALTHY-MEN; COMET ASSAY; INJECTION; ANEUPLOIDY; MUTATION; DAMAGE AB BACKGROUND: Modern reproductive technologies are enabling the treatment of infertile men with severe disturbances of spermatogenesis. The possibility of elevated frequencies of genetically and chromosomally defective sperm has become an issue of concern with the increased usage of ICSI, which can enable men with severely impaired sperm production to father children. Several papers have been published reporting aneuploidy in oligozoospermic patients, but relatively little is known about chromosome structural aberrations in the sperm of these patients. METHODS: We examined sperm from infertile, oligozoospermic individuals for structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities using a multicolour ACM fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay that utilizes DNA probes specific for three regions of chromosome 1 to detect human sperm that carry numerical chromosomal abnormalities plus two categories of structural aberrations: duplications and deletions of 1pter and 1cen, and chromosomal breaks within the 1cen-1q12 region. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the average frequencies of sperm with duplications and deletions in the infertility patients compared with the healthy concurrent controls. There was also a significantly elevated level of breaks within the 1cen-1q12 region. There was no evidence for an increase in chromosome 1 disomy, or in diploidy. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal that oligozoospermia is associated with chromosomal structural abnormalities, suggesting that oligozoospermic men carry a higher burden of transmissible, chromosome damage. The findings raise the possibility of elevated levels of transmissible chromosomal defects following ICSI treatment. C1 Univ Bradford, Dept Biomed Sci, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Munster, Inst Reprod Med, D-4400 Munster, Germany. RP Brinkworth, MH (reprint author), Univ Bradford, Dept Biomed Sci, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. EM m.h.brinkworth@bradford.ac.uk OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P4ZES04705] NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1395 EP 1400 DI 10.1093/humrep/deh278 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 825HX UT WOS:000221748200025 PM 15117895 ER PT J AU McKenna, SA Selroos, JO AF McKenna, SA Selroos, JO TI Constraining performance assessment models with tracer test results: a comparison between two conceptual models SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fractured rocks; inverse modeling; matrix diffusion; numerical modeling; tracer tests ID PORE-SCALE HETEROGENEITY; MASS-TRANSFER PROCESSES; DIFFUSION; MIGRATION; MATRIX AB Tracer tests are conducted to ascertain solute transport parameters of a single rock feature over a 5-m transport pathway. Two different conceptualizations of double-porosity solute transport provide estimates of the tracer breakthrough curves. One of the conceptualizations (single-rate) employs a single effective diffusion coefficient in a matrix with infinite penetration depth. However, the tracer retention between different flow paths can vary as the ratio of flow-wetted surface to flow rate differs between the path lines. The other conceptualization (multirate) employs a continuous distribution of multiple diffusion rate coefficients in a matrix with variable, yet finite, capacity. Application of these two models with the parameters estimated on the tracer test breakthrough curves produces transport results that differ by orders of magnitude in peak concentration and time to peak concentration at the performance assessment (PA) time and length scales (100,000 years and 1,000 m). These differences are examined by calculating the time limits for the diffusive capacity to act as an infinite medium. These limits are compared across both conceptual models and also against characteristic times for diffusion at both the tracer test and PA scales. Additionally, the differences between the models are examined by re-estimating parameters for the multirate model from the traditional double-porosity model results at the PA scale. Results indicate that for each model the amount of the diffusive capacity that acts as an infinite medium over the specified time scale explains the differences between the model results and that tracer tests alone cannot provide reliable estimates of transport parameters for the PA scale. Results of Monte Carlo runs of the transport models with varying travel times and path lengths show consistent results between models and suggest that the variation in flow-wetted surface to flow rate along path lines is insignificant relative to variability in the amount of diffusive capacity that can be accessed along the transport pathway. C1 Swedish Nucl Fuel & Waste Management Co, S-10240 Stockholm, Sweden. Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McKenna, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM samcken@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 12 IS 3 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s10040-004-0336-2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 836IU UT WOS:000222549900001 ER PT J AU Mellon, MT Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH AF Mellon, MT Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH TI The presence and stability of ground ice in the southern hemisphere of Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; ice; surfaces; planets; regolith ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; WATER-VAPOR; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SUBSURFACE ICE; NEAR-SURFACE; HYDROGEN; ODYSSEY; BEHAVIOR; NEUTRONS; DEPOSITS AB We calculate new estimates of ground-ice stability and the depth distribution of the ice table (the depth boundary between ice-free soil above and ice-cemented soil below) and compare these theoretical estimates of the distribution of ground ice with the observed distribution of leakage neutrons measured by the Neutron Spectrometer instrument of the Mars Odyssey spacecraft's Gamma Ray Spectrometer instrument suite. Our calculated ground-ice distribution contains improvements over previous work in that we include the effects of the high thermal conductivity of ice-cemented soil at and below the ice table, we include the surface elevation dependence of the near-surface atmospheric humidity, and we utilize new high resolution maps of thermal inertia, albedo, and elevation from Mars Global Surveyor observations. Results indicate that ground ice should be about 5 times shallower than in previous predictions. While results are dependent on the atmospheric humidity, depths are generally between a few millimeters and a few meters with typical values of a few centimeters. Results are also geographically similar to previous predictions with differences due to the higher resolution of thermal inertia and the inclusion of elevation effects on humidity. Comparison with the measured epithermal-neutron count rates in the southern hemisphere indicate that the geographic distribution of the count rate is best correlated with ground ice in equilibrium with 10 to 20 pr mum (precipitable micrometers) column abundance of atmospheric water, assuming a uniform distribution with CO2; however, given the uncertainties, 5 to 30 pr mum also may be viable. This water abundance represents a longer-term average over 100 to 1000 yr. There is a high degree of correlation between the depth of the ice table and the epithermal count rate that agrees remarkably well with predicted count rates as a function of ice-table depth. These results indicate that ground ice in the upper meter of the martian soil is in diffusive equilibrium with the atmosphere. Since ground ice in this depth zone is expected to undergo saturation/desiccation cycles with orbital variations, this ice should be younger than about 500 kyr and was emplaced under similar cold and dry climate conditions of today. Remaining differences between the predicted depths of the ice table and those inferred from the neutron data are likely to be due to subpixel heterogeneity in the martian surface including the presence of rocks, slopes, and patches of soil with varying thermophysical properties. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Mellon, MT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mellon@argyre.colorado.edu RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 33 TC 177 Z9 177 U1 4 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 2 BP 324 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.jicarus.10.022 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 823IM UT WOS:000221604300004 ER PT J AU Gibbard, SG Macintosh, B Gavel, D Max, CE de Pater, I Roe, HG Ghez, AM Young, EF McKay, CP AF Gibbard, SG Macintosh, B Gavel, D Max, CE de Pater, I Roe, HG Ghez, AM Young, EF McKay, CP TI Speckle imaging of Titan at 2 microns: surface albedo, haze optical depth, and tropospheric clouds 1996-1998 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE titan; infrared observations; surfaces; satellite ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; TRIPLE CORRELATION; GEOMETRIC ALBEDO; ATMOSPHERE; IMAGES; MODEL; HST; BRIGHTNESS; RESOLUTION AB We present results from 14 nights of observations of Titan in 1996-1998 using near-infrared (centered at 2.1 microns) speckle imaging at the 10-meter W.M. Keck Telescope. The observations have a spatial resolution of 0.06 arcseconds. We detect bright clouds on three days in October 1998, with a brightness about 0.5% of the brightness of Titan. Using a 16-stream radiative transfer model (DISORT) to model the central equatorial longitude of each image, we construct a suite of surface albedo models parameterized by the optical depth of Titan's hydrocarbon haze layer. From this we conclude that Titan's equatorial surface albedo has plausible values in the range of 0-0.20. Titan's minimum haze optical depth cannot be constrained from this modeling, but an upper limit of 0.3 at this wavelength range is found. More accurate determination of Titan's surface albedo and haze optical depth, especially at higher latitudes, will-require a model that fully considers the 3-dimensional nature of Titan's atmosphere. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gibbard, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sgibbard@igpp.ucllnl.org OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2004 VL 169 IS 2 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.026 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 823IM UT WOS:000221604300012 ER PT J AU Palmer, JA Dessent, B Mulling, JF Usher, T Grant, E Eischen, JW Kingon, AI Franzon, PD AF Palmer, JA Dessent, B Mulling, JF Usher, T Grant, E Eischen, JW Kingon, AI Franzon, PD TI The design and characterization of a novel piezoelectric transducer-based linear motor SO IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS LA English DT Article DE direct drive motors; linear piezomotor; passive latches; piezoelectric transducers AB Before microminiature robots can be realized, new direct drive micromotor systems must be developed. In this research, a linear motor system for a miniature jumping robot was desired. However, current systems must display better force/torque characteristics than is currently available. This paper deals with the design, construction, and testing, of a macro-scale, unidirectional, direct drive linear piezomotor that operates like an inchworm. It uses a parallel arrangement of unimorph piezoelectric transducers, in conjunction with passive mechanical latches, to perform work on a coil spring. Experimental results showed that the linear piezomotor achieved a maximum no-load velocity of 161 mm/s, and a blocked force of 14 N, at a drive signal frequency of 100 Hz. Thereafter, back slip in the latch assembly restricted the forward motion. Based on the results obtained with the macro-level linear piezomotor, it is concluded that smaller direct drive piezomotor designs based on unimorph piezoelectric transducers are achievable. System scalability will be addressed in a future publication. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Dept Phys, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Palmer, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM japalme@sandia.gov; brian@dessent.net; jfmullin@eos.nesu.edu; tusher@csusb.edu; egrant@eos.ncsu.edu; eischen@eos.ncsu.edu; angus-kingon@ncsu.edu; paulf@ncsu.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1083-4435 J9 IEEE-ASME T MECH JI IEEE-ASME Trans. Mechatron. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 BP 392 EP 398 DI 10.1109/TMECH.2004.828647 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 832GX UT WOS:000222256500011 ER PT J AU Heebner, JE Wong, V Schweinsberg, A Boyd, RW Jackson, DJ AF Heebner, JE Wong, V Schweinsberg, A Boyd, RW Jackson, DJ TI Optical transmission characteristics of fiber ring resonators SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE delay effects; interferometry; optical fiber coupling; optical fiber delay lines; resonators ID MICRORING RESONATORS; FILTERS AB We present the results of an experimental investigation of the transfer characteristics of a fiber ring resonator for various values of the resonator finesse. In particular, we measure the spectral dependence of the intensity transmission and the induced phase shift in the undercoupled, critically coupled, and over-coupled regimes. We also demonstrate tunable optical (true time) group delay via a fiber ring resonator and show that a high finesse is unnecessary. Our laboratory results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. C1 Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Heebner, JE (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Heebner, John/C-2411-2009; Schweinsberg, Aaron/D-7488-2012 NR 17 TC 119 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 40 IS 6 BP 726 EP 730 DI 10.1109/JQE.2004.828232 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 826VO UT WOS:000221857800015 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, T Hoff, R AF Zimmerman, T Hoff, R TI The design of a charge-integrating modified floating-point ADC chip SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS LA English DT Article DE analog-digital conversion; BiCMOS analog integrated circuits; floating-point analog-digital conversion; mixed analog-digital integrated circuits ID SYSTEM; CALORIMETER AB One of the challenges posed by calorimeters in high-energy physics experiments is digitizing wide dynamic range charge signals at high rate to a specified precision. One response to this challenge is the development of the QIE (charge integrator and encoder) concept. A QIE chip divides the input signal into multiple ranges, with each range integrating a scaled fraction of the signal. The range integrators are offset so that for any given signal magnitude, only one range will be selected as valid. The selected range integrator output is digitized to form a mantissa, and a digital code associated with that range forms an exponent. The resulting modified floating-point output format gives approximately constant measurement precision over a wide dynamic range. Floating-point converter designs are usually tailored for a specific application. A general description of the QIE concept shows how parameters are chosen to suit the application. The design of a mixed-signal chip that has been produced for a specific experiment is presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zimmerman, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM zimmerman@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9200 J9 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC JI IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit PD JUN PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 895 EP 905 DI 10.1109/JSSC.2004.827808 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 826BJ UT WOS:000221803600004 ER PT J AU Bossert, R Carson, J Chichili, DR Feher, S Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nobrega, A Nicol, T Ogitsu, T Orris, D Page, T Peterson, T Rabehl, R Robotham, W Scanlan, R Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Strait, J Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Velev, G Yadav, S Zlobin, AV AF Bossert, R Carson, J Chichili, DR Feher, S Kerby, J Lamm, MJ Nobrega, A Nicol, T Ogitsu, T Orris, D Page, T Peterson, T Rabehl, R Robotham, W Scanlan, R Schlabach, P Sylvester, C Strait, J Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Velev, G Yadav, S Zlobin, AV TI Test results from the LQXB quadrupole production program at Fermilab for the LHC interaction regions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE interaction region; LHC; low-beta quadrupole; superconducting magnet AB As part of the US-LHC Accelerator Project, Fermilab is producing fully cryostated assemblies that will be installed as the Q1, Q2 and Q3 optical elements for the LHC Inner Triplets. The main quadrupole magnets in the Q1 (LQXA) and Q3 (LQXC) assemblies are MQXA elements designed and fabricated by KEK and Toshiba, while those in the Q2 (LQXB) assemblies are MQXB quadrupoles designed and fabricated by Fermilab. The cryostat assemblies for all magnets are designed by Fermilab, and final assembly of the optical elements occurs at Fermilab. This paper describes the production test results for the second LQXB cryostat assembly. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. KEK High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bossert, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829042 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500012 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Bartlett, SE Dietderich, DR Ferracin, R Gourlay, SA Hafalia, RR Hannaford, CR Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Sabbi, G Scanlan, RM AF Caspi, S Bartlett, SE Dietderich, DR Ferracin, R Gourlay, SA Hafalia, RR Hannaford, CR Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Sabbi, G Scanlan, RM TI Mechanical design of a second generation LHC IR quadrupole SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE large hadron collider; Nb3Sn; quadrupole; superconducting magnets ID MAGNETS AB One of the proposed options to increase the LHC luminosity is the replacement of the existing inner triplets at the Interaction Regions with new low-beta larger aperture quadrupoles operating at the same gradient. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is carrying out preliminary studies of a large-bore Nb3Sn quadrupole. The mechanical design presents a support structure based on the use of keys and bladders without self-supporting collars. This technology has been proven effective in several successful common coil Nb-3 Sn dipoles built at LBNL, and it is for the first time applied to a cos(279) design. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of the quadrupole mechanical behavior, demonstrating the possibility of delivering, through this method, well-controlled coil pre-compression during assembly, cool-down and excitation. The study has been performed with the finite element program ANSYS. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829057 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500024 ER PT J AU Nicol, TH DiMarco, JE Kerby, JS Page, TM Peterson, TJ Rabehl, RJ AF Nicol, TH DiMarco, JE Kerby, JS Page, TM Peterson, TJ Rabehl, RJ TI LHC interaction region quadrupole cryostat production, alignment, and performance summary SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE cryostat; interaction region quadrupole; LHC; superconducting magnet ID MAGNETS AB The cryostat of a Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Interaction Region (IR) quadrupole magnet consists of all components of the inner triplet except the magnet assembly itself. It serves to support the magnet accurately and reliably within the vacuum vessel, to provide all required cryogenic piping, and to insulate the cold mass from heat radiated and conducted from the environment. The major components of the cryostat are the vacuum vessel, thermal shield, multi-layer insulation system, cryogenic piping, interconnections, and suspension system. While responsibility for the design and manufacture of the main quadrupole elements is divided between Fermilab and KEK, Fermilab alone is responsible for the design and final assembly of the cryostat for the LHC inner triplets. This paper describes the experience gained during fabrication of the first complete Q2 magnets, the alignment operation and results, and the cryogenic performance of the magnet on the test stand at Fermilab. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Nicol, TH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tnicol@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 247 EP 250 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829062 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500027 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Anerella, M Harrison, M Schmalzle, J Mokhov, N AF Gupta, R Anerella, M Harrison, M Schmalzle, J Mokhov, N TI Open midplane dipole design for LHC IR upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE accelerators; interaction region and large hadron collider; quadrupoles ID MAGNETS AB The proposed luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), now under construction, will bring a large increase in the number of secondary particles from p-p collisions at the interaction point (IP). Energy deposition will be so large that the lifetime and quench performance of interaction region (IR) magnets may be significantly reduced if conventional designs are used. Moreover, the cryogenic capacity of the LHC will have to be significantly increased as the energy deposition load on the interaction region (IR) magnets by itself will exhaust the present capacity. We propose an alternate open midplane dipole design concept for the dipole-first optics that mitigates these issues. The proposed design takes advantage of the fact that most of the energy is deposited in the midplane region. The coil midplane region is kept free of superconductor, support structure and other material. Initial energy deposition calculations show that the increase in temperature remains within the quench tolerance of the superconducting coils. In addition, most of the energy is deposited in a relatively warm region where the heat removal is economical. We present the basic concept and preliminary design that includes several innovations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gupta@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829066 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500030 ER PT J AU Ageyev, AI Andreev, NI Bogdanov, IV Kozub, SS Myznikov, KP Olyunin, AA Orlov, AP Shcherbakov, PA Sytnik, VV Tkachenko, LM Zlobin, AV AF Ageyev, AI Andreev, NI Bogdanov, IV Kozub, SS Myznikov, KP Olyunin, AA Orlov, AP Shcherbakov, PA Sytnik, VV Tkachenko, LM Zlobin, AV TI Investigation of the power losses in a laminated dipole magnet with superconducting coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE eddy current losses in cable; oxide strand coating; superconducting magnet AB This paper describes the properties of SC cable with natural oxide on the strands developed for the UNK SC magnets and summarizes the performance of short and long magnets made of such cable. The coating was selected based on the studies of cable samples with various strand coating. Ten 1-m long dipoles and two 6-m long dipoles were manufactured using the cable with natural oxide coating of strands. These dipoles had low value of AC losses in the coil and reached the maximum magnetic field of 6.5 T in magnet aperture at the current ramp rates up to 0.8 T/s and 4.25 K temperature. The effects of interlayer splices and cable electrical insulation on the magnet ramp rate dependence are also reported. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ageyev, AI (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. EM ageyev@mx.ihep.su; andreev@fnal.gov; bogdanov@mx.ihep.su; kozub@mx.ihep.su; myznikov@mx.ihep.su; Olynin@mx.ihep.su; orlov@sirius.ihep.su; shcherbakov@mx.ihep.su; v_sytnik@mx.ihep.su; tkachenko@mx.ihep.su; zlobin@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829067 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500031 ER PT J AU Hafalia, AR Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Chiesa, L Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Goli, M Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Higley, H Lietzke, AF Liggins, N Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Nyman, M Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RM Swanson, J AF Hafalia, AR Bartlett, SE Caspi, S Chiesa, L Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Goli, M Gourlay, SA Hannaford, CR Higley, H Lietzke, AF Liggins, N Mattafirri, S McInturff, AD Nyman, M Sabbi, GL Scanlan, RM Swanson, J TI HD1: Design and fabrication of a 16 Tesla Nb3Sn dipole magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE Nb3Sn; superconducting accelerator magnet AB The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Superconducting Magnet Group has completed the design, fabrication and test of HD1, a 16 T block-coil dipole magnet. State of the art Nb3Sn conductor was wound in double-layer racetrack coils and supported by an iron yoke and a tensioned aluminum shell. In order to prevent conductor movement under magnetic forces up to the design field, a coil pre-stress of 150 MPa was required. To achieve this level without damaging the brittle conductor, the target stress was generated during cool-down to 4.2 K by exploiting the thermal contraction differentials between yoke and shell. Accurate control of the shell tension during assembly was obtained using pressurized bladders and interference load keys. An integrated 3D CAD model was used to optimize magnetic and mechanical design and analysis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hafalia, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rrhafalia@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829085 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500036 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VS Andreev, N DiMarco, J Feher, S Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Novitski, I Orris, D Schlabach, P AF Kashikhin, VS Andreev, N DiMarco, J Feher, S Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Novitski, I Orris, D Schlabach, P TI Field quality measurements of fermilab Nb3Sn common coil dipole model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE eddy currents; magnetic field measurements; magnetization; superconducting accelerator magnet AB A short model of single-layer Nb3Sn common CIA dipole magnet has been fabricated and tested at Fermilab. The paper summarizes results of magnetic measurements in the common coil model. The geometrical harmonics, coil magnetization and iron saturation effects, ramp-rate dependence, field decay and the "snap-back" effect at injection are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kash@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829087 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500037 ER PT J AU Yamada, R Marscin, E Lee, A Wake, M AF Yamada, R Marscin, E Lee, A Wake, M TI 3D ANSYS quench simulation of cosine theta Nb3Sn high field dipole magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE superconducting magnet; 3D animation; 3D ANSYS quench simulation AB To study detailed quench behavior of cosine theta Nb3Sn high field dipole magnets a three-dimensional simulation program is made using ANSYS finite element analysis program. The simulation program reproduces the detailed end structure, as well as the straight section, based from a CAD rile of I-DEAS. It can calculate the thermal and its resulting mechanical stress distribution inside the coil after a quench. Its detailed method is explained. With the present program, quench propagation along the cable length and also azimuthal quench propagation is shown. Animation programs based on this quench program are shown very effective for the detailed quench analysis. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Yamada, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yamada@fnal.gov; marscin@fnal.gov; alee@fnal.gov; wake@post.kek.jp NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829088 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500038 ER PT J AU Wilson, AN Anerella, M Ganetis, G Ghosh, AK Joshi, P Marone, A Muehle, C Muratore, J Schmazle, J Soika, R Thomas, R Wanderer, P Kaugerts, J Moritz, G Hassenzahl, WV AF Wilson, AN Anerella, M Ganetis, G Ghosh, AK Joshi, P Marone, A Muehle, C Muratore, J Schmazle, J Soika, R Thomas, R Wanderer, P Kaugerts, J Moritz, G Hassenzahl, WV TI Measured and calculated losses in model dipole for GSI's heavy ion synchrotron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE AC loss; dipole magnet; heavy ion; Rutherford cable; superconducting magnet; synchrotron ID RUTHERFORD CABLES; MAGNETS AB The new heavy ion synchrotron facility proposed by GSI will have two superconducting magnet rings in the same tunnel, with rigidities of 300 T (.) m and 100 T (.) m. Fast ramp times are needed. These can cause problems of ac loss and field distortion in the magnets. For the high energy ring, a 1 m model dipole magnet has been built, based on the RHIC dipole design. This magnet was tested under boiling liquid helium in a vertical dewar. The quench current showed very little dependence on ramp rate. The ac losses, measured by an electrical method, were fitted to straight line plots of loss/cycle versus ramp rate, thereby separating the eddy current and hysteresis components. These results were compared with calculated values, using parameters which had previously been measured on short samples of cable. Reasonably good agreement between theory and experiment was found, although the measured hysteresis loss is higher than expected in ramps to the highest field levels. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. GSI, Abt BTE, Darmstadt, Germany. Adv energy Anal, Piedmont, CA 94611 USA. RP Wilson, AN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM m-wilson@dsl.pipex.com; mda@bnl.gov; ganetis1@bnl.gov; aghosh@bnl.gov; joshi@bnl.gov; andym@bnl.gov; C.Muehle@gsi.de; muratore@bnl.gov; schmalz1@bnl.gov; soika@bnl.gov; thoillas@bnl.gov; wanderer@bnl.gov; j.kaugerts@gsi.de; G.Moritz@gsi.de NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 306 EP 309 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829096 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500041 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, NN Manahan, RR Meinke, RB Chiesa, L Lietzke, AF Sabbi, GL Seidl, PA AF Martovetsky, NN Manahan, RR Meinke, RB Chiesa, L Lietzke, AF Sabbi, GL Seidl, PA TI Development and testing of the improved focusing quadrupole for heavy ion fusion accelerators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE magnetic variables measurement; superconducting accelerator magnets; superconducting device testing AB An improved version of the focusing magnet for a Heavy Ion Fusion (HIF) accelerator was designed, built and tested in 2002-2003. This quadrupole has higher focusing power and lower error field than the previous version of the focusing quadrupoles successfully built and tested in 2001. We discuss the features of the new design, selected fabrication issues and test results. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Adv Magnet Lab, Palm Bay, FL 32905 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martovetsky, NN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM martovetsky1@llnl.gov; rmeinke@magnetlab.com; lchiesa@mit.edu; aflietzke@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829107 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500043 ER PT J AU Yamada, R Marscin, E AF Yamada, R Marscin, E TI Precursory voltage signals in cosine theta Nb3Sn high field model magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE Nb3Sn high field magnets; quench; Rutherford cable AB To understand the premature quenches of the Nb3Sn high field model magnets, we also made mirror design model magnets, and studied their quenches. With one of the mirror magnet, HFDA-03A, which had extra lead cables installed, some precursory voltage signals were observed at soldered joints in the high field region, leading to quenches at high ramp rate. These voltage signals diminish with slower ramp rate. The ramp rate dependence of the quench behaviors is experimentally studied. In the course of these quench investigation we developed a method to cancel the inductive voltage in the voltage tap signals. This method proved very effective to understand clearly how the quenches are propagating in all parts of the magnets. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yamada, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yamada@fnal.gov; emarscin@Comcast.net NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 325 EP 328 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829117 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500045 ER PT J AU Gourlay, SA AF Gourlay, SA TI High field magnet R&D in the USA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE accelerator magnets; superconducting magnets ID QUADRUPOLES; IR AB Accelerator magnet technology is currently dominated by the use of NbTi superconductor. New and more demanding applications for superconducting accelerator magnets require the use of alternative materials. Several programs in the US are taking advantage of recent improvements in Nb3Sn to develop high field magnets for new applications. Highlights and challenges of the US R&D program are presented along with the status of conductor development. In addition, a new R&D focus, the US LHC Accelerator Research Program, will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gourlay, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sagourlay@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829120 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500047 ER PT J AU Lietzke, AF Bartlett, S Bish, P Caspi, S Chiesa, L Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Goli, M Hafalia, RR Higley, H Hannaford, R Lau, W Liggens, N Mattafirri, S McInturff, A Nyman, M Sabbi, G Scanlan, R Swanson, J AF Lietzke, AF Bartlett, S Bish, P Caspi, S Chiesa, L Dietderich, D Ferracin, P Gourlay, SA Goli, M Hafalia, RR Higley, H Hannaford, R Lau, W Liggens, N Mattafirri, S McInturff, A Nyman, M Sabbi, G Scanlan, R Swanson, J TI Test results for HD1, a 16 Tesla Nb3Sn dipole magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE dipole; high-field; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnets; test results AB The Superconducting Magnet Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory* has been developing the technology for using brittle superconductor in high-field accelerator magnets. HD1, the latest in a series of magnets, contains two, double-layer Nb3Sn flat racetrack coils. This single-bore dipole configuration, using the highest performance conductor available, was designed and assembled for a 16 tesla conductor/structure/pre-stress proof-of-principle. With the combination of brittle conductor and high Lorentz stress, considerable care was taken to predict the magnet's mechanical responses to pre-stress, cool-down, and excitation. Subsequent cold testing satisfied expectations: Training started at 13.6 T, 83% of "short-sample", achieved 90% in 10 quenches, and reached its peak bore field (16 T) after 19 quenches. The average plateau, similar to92% of "short-sample", appeared to be limited by "stick-slip" conductor motions, consistent with the 16.2 T conductor "lift-off" pre-stress that was chosen for this first test. Some lessons learned and some implications for future conductor and magnet technology development are presented and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lietzke, AF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM AFLietzke@lbl.gov NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829122 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500049 ER PT J AU Feher, S Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Carcagno, R Chichili, DR Kashikhin, VI Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Yadav, S Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Feher, S Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Carcagno, R Chichili, DR Kashikhin, VI Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Orris, D Pischalnikov, Y Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Yadav, S Yamada, R Zlobin, AV TI Test results of shell-type Nb3Sn dipole coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE accelerator; high field dipole; magnet; Nb3Sn ID MAGNET AB Several different shell type coils were made by using the 'wind-and-react' technique, installed in a mirror magnet configuration and tested at Fermilab. The results revealed that the previously suspect splice technique is adequate and is not responsible for the quench performance limitation. Cable instability is the preferred candidate, however this might be coupled with other effects since all of the experimental results cannot be explained exclusively with cable instability. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Feher, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829126 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500050 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VS Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Chichili, D Imbasciati, L Feher, S Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Limon, PJ Novitski, I Orris, D Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, J Yadav, S Yamada, R Velev, G Zlobin, AV AF Kashikhin, VS Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Chichili, D Imbasciati, L Feher, S Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Limon, PJ Novitski, I Orris, D Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, J Yadav, S Yamada, R Velev, G Zlobin, AV TI Development and test of single-layer common coil dipole wound with reacted Nb3Sn cable SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE common coil dipole; manufacturing; Nb3Sn; superconducting accelerator magnet; tests ID VLHC AB The first one-meter long common coil dipole model (HFDC-01) has been fabricated and tested at Fermilab. This magnet has several innovative features such as: single-layer racetrack coils, a 22-mm wide 60-strand Rutherford-type cable made of 0.7-mm Nb3Sn strands, and a stainless steel coil-support structure reinforced by horizontal bridges inserted between coil blocks. The model was instrumented with voltage taps, quench heaters, temperature sensors and strain gauges in order to monitor the quench origin, and to study mechanical and quench protection issues. This paper summarizes the model design parameters, the fabrication procedures and the test results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 316, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kash@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829128 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500051 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Caspi, S Chiesa, L Gourlay, SA Hafalia, RR Imbasciati, L Lietzke, AF Sabbi, G Scanlan, RM AF Ferracin, P Caspi, S Chiesa, L Gourlay, SA Hafalia, RR Imbasciati, L Lietzke, AF Sabbi, G Scanlan, RM TI Thermal, electrical and mechanical response in Nb3Sn superconducting coils SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE quench propagation; stress analysis; superconducting magnets; thermal analysis ID HIGH-FIELD MAGNETS; QUENCH PROPAGATION; STRESS; DIPOLE AB During a quench, significant temperatures can arise as a magnet's stored energy is dissipated in the normal zone. Temperature gradients during this process give rise to localized strains within the coil. Reactive forces in the magnet structure balance the electromagnetic and thermal forces and maintain on equilibrium. In this paper we present a complete 3D finite element analysis of a racetrack coil. Specifically, the analysis focuses on thermal, electrical and mechanical conditions in a 10 T Nb3Sn coil built and tested as part of LBNL's Subscale Magnet Program. The study attempts to simulate time history of the temperature and voltage rise during quench propagation. The transient thermal stress after the quench is then evaluated and discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 361 EP 364 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829130 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500053 ER PT J AU Spencer, CM Rhee, SJ AF Spencer, CM Rhee, SJ TI Comparison study of electromagnet and permanent magnet systems for an accelerator using cost-based failure modes and effects analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE accelerator; cost; FMEA; magnet; reliability ID RELIABILITY AB The next generation of particle accelerators will be one-of-a-kind facilities, and to meet their luminosity goals they must have guaranteed availability over their several decade lifetimes. The Next Linear Collider (NLC) is one viable option for a 1 TeV electron-positron linear collider, it has an 85% overall availability goal. We previously showed how a traditional Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) of a SLAC electromagnet leads to reliability-enhancing design changes. Traditional FMEA identifies failure modes with high risk but does not consider the consequences in terms of cost, which could lead to unnecessarily expensive components. We have used a new methodology, "Life Cost-Based FMEA," which measures risk of failure in terms of cost, in order to evaluate and compare two different technologies that might be used for the 8653 NLC magnets: electromagnets or permanent magnets. The availabilities for the two different types of magnet systems have been estimated using empirical data from SLAC's accelerator failure database plus expert opinion on permanent magnet failure modes and industry standard failure data. Labor and material costs to repair magnet failures are predicted using a Monte Carlo simulation of all possible magnet failures over a 30-year lifetime. Our goal is to maximize up-time of the NLC through magnet design improvements and the optimal combination of electromagnets and permanent magnets, while reducing magnet system lifecycle costs. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Spencer, CM (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 12, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cherrill@slac.stanford.edu; rhees@mml.stanford.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 413 EP 416 DI 10.1109/tasc.2004.829684 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500066 ER PT J AU Takano, J Hattori, T Okamura, M Roser, T MacKay, WW Luccio, A Takano, K AF Takano, J Hattori, T Okamura, M Roser, T MacKay, WW Luccio, A Takano, K TI Design study of a normal conducting helical snake for AGS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE AGS; depolarizing resonance TOSCA; double pitch; helical; normal conducting; partial snake; polarized proton; simulation; warm snake AB A new normal conducting snake magnet is being fabricated for the Alternate Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). In the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) project, a superconducting type helical dipole magnets had been developed and it performed successfully in high-energy polarized proton acceleration. The new AGS helical snake has the same basic magnetic structure but is more complicated. To achieve no beam shift and no beam deflection in one magnetic device, helical pitches and rotating angles were carefully calculated. Compared to a superconducting magnet, a normal warm magnet must have a large cross-sectional area of conductors which make it difficult to design a magnet with large helical pitch. We developed a modified window frame structure to accommodate the large number of conductors. Its three dimensional magnetic field was simulated by using OPERA3D/TOSCA. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Takano Original Magnet, Kanagawa 2591102, Japan. RP Takano, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. EM 02m19155@nr.titech.ac.jp; thattori@nr.titech.ac.jp; mokamura@riken.jp; roser@bnl.gov; mackay@bnl.gov; luccio@bnl.gov; kouji@tomagnet.com NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1109/tasc.2004.829695 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500077 ER PT J AU Mihara, T Iwashita, Y Kumada, M Evgeny, A Spencer, CM AF Mihara, T Iwashita, Y Kumada, M Evgeny, A Spencer, CM TI Super strong permanent magnet quadrupole for a linear collider SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE accelerator magnet; linear accelerators; magnetic thermal factors; permanent magnet AB The field strength generated by permanent magnets has been further extended by introduction of saturated iron. A permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) lens with such saturated iron is one of the candidates for the final focus lens for an e(+)e(-) Linear Collider accelerator, because of its compactness and low power consumption. The first prototype of the PMQ has been fabricated and demonstrated to have an integrated strength of 28.5 T with an overall length of 10 cm and a 7 mm bore radius. Two drawbacks should be considered: its negative temperature coefficient of field strength and its fixed strength. A thermal compensation material is being tested to cure the first problem. The other problem may be solved by rotating sectioned magnet bricks, but that may lead to movement of the magnetic center and introduction of multipoles beyond some strict requirements. C1 Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Mihara, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM mihara@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp; iwashita@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp; kumada@ama.po-jp.com; Cherrill@slac.stanford.edu NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1109/tasc.2004.829698 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500080 ER PT J AU Gupta, R AF Gupta, R TI Permanent magnet designs with large variations in field strength SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE accelerator; electron cooling; permanent magnets AB The use of permanent magnets has been investigated as an option for electron cooling ring for the proposed luminosity upgrade of RHIC. Several methods have been developed that allow a large variation in field strength. These design concepts were verified with computer simulations using finite element codes. It will be shown that the field uniformity is maintained while the field strength is mechanically adjusted. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gupta@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1109/tasc.2004.829699 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500081 ER PT J AU Peng, QL Parker, B Marone, A Wu, YZ Wang, MT AF Peng, QL Parker, B Marone, A Wu, YZ Wang, MT TI BEPCII interaction region superconducting magnet system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE anti-solenoid; field compensation; magnet cryostat; multi-layers winding technique; support stage AB The superconducting magnet system for the interaction region of BEPCII consists of two sets of compensation solenoids, two SC quadrupoles, and several correction magnets. This paper describes the conceptual design and some technical consideration for these magnets. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Peng, QL (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. EM pengql@mail.ihep.ac.cn; parker@lbl.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 539 EP 541 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829714 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500095 ER PT J AU Herve, A Blau, B Bredy, PH Campi, D Cannarsa, P Cure, B Dupont, TH Fabbricatore, P Farinon, S Feyzi, F Fazilleau, PH Gaddi, A Gerwig, H Greco, M Grillet, JP Kaftanov, V Kircher, F Klyukhin, V Levesy, B Loveless, R Maire, G Musenich, R Pabot, Y Payn, A Perinic, G Petiot, P Rondeaux, F Rykaczewski, H Sbrissa, E Tavares, SS Sgobba, S Smith, RP Veillet, L Waurick, G AF Herve, A Blau, B Bredy, PH Campi, D Cannarsa, P Cure, B Dupont, TH Fabbricatore, P Farinon, S Feyzi, F Fazilleau, PH Gaddi, A Gerwig, H Greco, M Grillet, JP Kaftanov, V Kircher, F Klyukhin, V Levesy, B Loveless, R Maire, G Musenich, R Pabot, Y Payn, A Perinic, G Petiot, P Rondeaux, F Rykaczewski, H Sbrissa, E Tavares, SS Sgobba, S Smith, RP Veillet, L Waurick, G TI Status of the construction of the CMS magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE CMS; LHC; magnet; solenoids ID CONDUCTOR; REINFORCEMENT AB CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) is a general-purpose detector designed to run at the highest luminosity at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Its distinctive features include a 4 T superconducting solenoid with 6 m diameter by 12.5 m long free bore, enclosed inside a 10,000-ton return yoke. The stored magnetic energy is 2.6 GJ. The magnet is being assembled in a surface hall and will be tested at the beginning of 2005 before being transferred to an experimental hall 90 in below ground level. The design and construction of the magnet is a common project of the CMS Collaboration. The task is organized by a CERN based group with strong technical and contractual participation of CEA Saclay, ETH Zurich, Fermilab, INFN Genova, ITEP Moscow, University of Wisconsin and CERN. The return yoke, 21 m long and 14 m in diameter, is equivalent to a thickness of 1.5 m of saturated iron interleaved with four union stations. Manufacture of the yoke and vacuum tank is completed and the first sub-detectors have been installed. The indirectly-cooled, pure-aluminum-stabilized coil is made up from five modules internally wound with four layers of a 20 kA mechanically-reinforced conductor. The manufacture of the conductor is completed and winding is in progress for a final assembly in 2004. All ancillaries are delivered or under contract. The magnet project is described, with emphasis on the present status of the fabrication. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Phys Sci Lab, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Herve, A (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM alain.herve@cem.ch RI Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/D-6850-2012; OI Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8577-6531; Perinic, Goran/0000-0001-5696-0404 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829715 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500096 ER PT J AU Blau, B Campi, D Cure, B Greco, M Kircher, F Liikamaa, R Seppala, J Smith, R Vielllard, L AF Blau, B Campi, D Cure, B Greco, M Kircher, F Liikamaa, R Seppala, J Smith, R Vielllard, L TI Superconducting strand properties at each production stage of the CMS solenoid conductor manufacturing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE aluminum stabilized super-conductors; CMS solenoid; NbTi; strand properties AB The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is one of the general-purpose particle detectors presently being built for the LHC project at CERN. The superconducting CMS solenoid will produce a magnetic field of 4 T in a bore 6 m in diameter and 12.5 m long. The coil is wound from 20 high purity aluminum-stabilized NbTi conductors with a total length of 45 km. The main part of the structural integrity of the CMS coil is ensured by aluminum-alloy reinforcement welded to the high purity aluminum stabilizer of the conductor. The Rutherford type superconducting cable within the stabilizer consists of 32 copper-stabilized multifilamentary NbTi strands each with Nb barrier. The strands are optimized with respect to a high critical current density (> 3000 A/mm(2) at 5 T, 4.2 K). Approximately 1950 km of superconducting strand has been produced from 148 extrusion billets and cabled in unit lengths of 2.65 km. All strands within a cable can unambiguously be identified by distinctive patterns of the NbTi filaments. The statistics of I-c measurements, n-value, copper RRR and (Cu + Nb)/NbTi ratio are presented. Since the strands are subjected to potentially dangerous high temperatures and mechanical strain during the different conductor production steps it was important to trace the critical current properties of the strand as it progressed through the conductor fabrication process. The paper presents results of I-c measurements, which were performed on all individual strands extracted from conductor samples taken at each step of the manufacturing process. The comparison among the measurements assured accurate quality control during the whole process of conductor production. In addition, I-c measurements in fields up to 6 T on the complete CMS conductors using the MaRiSA test facility are reported. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Outokumpu Poricopper Oy, Pori 28330, Finland. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, STCM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Blau, B (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM bertrand.blau@psi.ch NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 548 EP 551 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.829716 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500097 ER PT J AU Ogitsu, T Makida, Y Kobayashi, T Ajima, Y Doi, Y Higashi, N Iwamoto, Y Ichikawa, A Kimura, N Nakamoto, T Ohhata, H Shintomi, T Takasaki, M Tanaka, K Terashima, A Yamamoto, A Obana, T Anerella, M Escallier, J Gupta, R Ganetis, G Harrison, M Jain, A Muratore, J Parker, B Wanderer, P AF Ogitsu, T Makida, Y Kobayashi, T Ajima, Y Doi, Y Higashi, N Iwamoto, Y Ichikawa, A Kimura, N Nakamoto, T Ohhata, H Shintomi, T Takasaki, M Tanaka, K Terashima, A Yamamoto, A Obana, T Anerella, M Escallier, J Gupta, R Ganetis, G Harrison, M Jain, A Muratore, J Parker, B Wanderer, P TI Superconducting magnet system at the 50 GeV proton beam line for the J-PARC neutrino experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE beam line; combined function magnet; neutrino; superconducting magnet AB A neutrino oscillation experiment using the J-PARC 50 GeV 0.75 MW proton beam is planned as a successor to the K2K project currently being operated at KEK. A superconducting magnet system is required for the arc section of the primary proton beam line to be within the space available at the site. A system with 28 combined function magnets is proposed to simplify the system and optimize the cost. The required fields for the magnets are 2.6 T dipole and 19 T/m quadrupole. The magnets are also required to have a large aperture, 173.4 mm diameter, to accommodate the large beam emittance. The magnets will be protected by cold diodes and cooled by forced flow supercritical helium produced by a 4.5 K, 2similar to2.5 kW refrigerator. This paper reports the system overview and the design status. C1 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ogitsu, T (reprint author), KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM toru.ogitsu@kek.jp; obana@post.kek.jp; wanderer@bnl.gov RI Iwamoto, Yosuke/G-5959-2012; Obana, Tetsuhiro/B-8944-2016 NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830011 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500111 ER PT J AU Nakamoto, T Higashi, N Ogitsu, T Terashima, A Ajima, Y Anerella, M Gupta, R Hattori, H Ichihara, T Iwamoto, Y Kimura, N Makida, Y Obana, T Tanaka, K Wanderer, P Yamamoto, A AF Nakamoto, T Higashi, N Ogitsu, T Terashima, A Ajima, Y Anerella, M Gupta, R Hattori, H Ichihara, T Iwamoto, Y Kimura, N Makida, Y Obana, T Tanaka, K Wanderer, P Yamamoto, A TI Design of superconducting combined function magnets for the 50 GeV proton beam line for the J-PARC neutrino experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE asymmetric structure; combined function; plastic spacer; superconducting magnet AB Superconducting combined function magnets will be utilized for the 50 GeV-750 kW proton beam line for the J-PARC neutrino experiment and an R&D program has been launched at KEK. The magnet is designed to provide a combined function with a dipole field of 2.59 T and a quadrupole field of 18.7 T/m in a coil aperture of 173.4 mm. A single layer coil is proposed to reduce the fabrication cost and the coil arrangement in the 2-D cross-section results in left-right asymmetry. This paper reports the design study of the magnet. C1 KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Nakamoto, T (reprint author), KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM tatsushi.nakamoto@kek.jp; obana@post.kek.jp; wanderer@bnl.gov RI Iwamoto, Yosuke/G-5959-2012; Obana, Tetsuhiro/B-8944-2016 NR 7 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 616 EP 619 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830010 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500114 ER PT J AU Coccoli, M Scanlan, RM Calvi, M Caspi, S Chiesa, L Hafalia, R Higley, HC Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Lietzke, A McInturff, AD Sabbi, G AF Coccoli, M Scanlan, RM Calvi, M Caspi, S Chiesa, L Hafalia, R Higley, HC Dietderich, DR Gourlay, SA Lietzke, A McInturff, AD Sabbi, G TI Fabrication and performance of Nb3Sn Rutherford-type cable with Cu added as a separate component SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE copper added as a separate component; magnet protection; mixed strand cables; Nb3Sn; Rutherford-type cables ID MULTIFILAMENTARY NB3SN AB From the standpoint of overall conductor cost, it is desirable to minimize the amount of Cu that is co-processed with the superconductor during strand fabrication. We are investigating several approaches for fabricating multistrand cables in which the Cu is added at the final, i.e., cabling, stage of manufacture. These include mixed strand Rutherford-type cables with pure Cu strands cabled together with superconductor strands that have a low volume fraction of Cu, Cu added as a core to a Rutherford-type cable, and Cu strip added to the surface of the cable. Results on fabrication of several alternate types of Nb3Sn cables are presented. The more promising types of mixed strand and cored cables are being evaluated in short sample and small magnet tests. These results will be presented and the performance will be compared with conventional Rutherford cables where the Cu is an integral component of the superconductor strand. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Coccoli, M (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM Mirco.Coccoli@cern.ch NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 971 EP 974 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830342 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500200 ER PT J AU Hasegawa, T Nishioka, J Ohtani, N Hikichi, Y Scanlan, R Gupta, R Hirano, N Nagaya, S AF Hasegawa, T Nishioka, J Ohtani, N Hikichi, Y Scanlan, R Gupta, R Hirano, N Nagaya, S TI 12kA HTS Rutherford cable SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE bismuth compounds; current density; high temperature superconductors; superconducting cables AB One of the advantages of Bi-2212 is that a high J(c) value can be obtained in wires with various shapes and filament configurations. Realization of a high J(c) round Wire made it possible to fabricate many kinds of cable developed for applications of low temperature superconductors (LTC). We successfully fabricated a 30-strand Rutherford cable using 0.8 mm(d) round wire. Optimization of cabling factor enables to reduce the I-c degradation at the cable edge. I-c values were about 650-750 A at 65 K in a noninductive winding condition, which corresponds to 11-13 kA at 4.2 K in self-field. C1 Showa Elect Wire & Cable Co Ltd, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2291133, Japan. Chubu Elect Power Co Inc, Midori Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4598522, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hasegawa, T (reprint author), Showa Elect Wire & Cable Co Ltd, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2291133, Japan. EM k840353@sntl.swcc.co.jp; k890224@sntl.swcc.co.jp; k930025@sntl.swcc.co.jp; k930367@sntl.swcc.co.jp; rscanlan@lbl.gov; gupta@bnl.gov; nagaya.shigeo@chuden.co.jp; hirano.naoki@chuden.co.jp NR 4 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 1066 EP 1069 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830408 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500224 ER PT J AU Han, K Sims, JR Swanson, CA Schneider-Muntau, HJ AF Han, K Sims, JR Swanson, CA Schneider-Muntau, HJ TI Reinforcement materials for high field magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE high-strength; mechanical property; microstructure; reinforcement AB The material programs related to the fabrication of various magnets include the selection and characterization of reinforcement materials and the development of fabrication routes for these materials. Stainless Steels (SS), Elgiloy and MP35N were studied for their potential use as the reinforcement materials. The fabrication routes include the annealing, deformation and aging. The SS materials were tested in deformed and annealed conditions, whereas Elgiloy and MP35N were tested in aged conditions because of the strengthening effects of aging. Examination of the microstructure and mechanical properties of these materials reveals that the microstructures developed during the fabrication influence the mechanical response of the materials to the Lorentz force and other external forces. The strengthening mechanisms of these materials have been considered in details and related to the possible mechanical response to the Lorentz forces. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Han, K (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM han@magnet.fsu.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 1141 EP 1144 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830449 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500243 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Anerella, A Cozzolino, J Escallier, J Ganetis, G Ghosh, A Harrison, A Marone, A Muratore, J Schmalzle, J Sampson, W Wanderer, P AF Gupta, R Anerella, A Cozzolino, J Escallier, J Ganetis, G Ghosh, A Harrison, A Marone, A Muratore, J Schmalzle, J Sampson, W Wanderer, P TI Status of high temperature superconductor magnet R&D at BNL SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE high temperature superconductor; HTS; HTS coils; HTS magnets; hybrid magnets AB We report the status and test results of the High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) cable and magnet R&D at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). If successful, this will enhance the performance and reduce the cost of operation of magnets that must absorb a large amount of energy. The need for developing this technology has been seen in a number of high field magnet applications for high energy colliders, and a medium field application in the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA). The likelihood of the future use of HTS is improving because of the availability of longer and more uniform length tapes and cables and because of the ongoing construction and test experience at BNL and elsewhere. The design of a super-ferric quadrupole, that must survive the very high radiation environment of RIA, and operate at 20-40 K, is also presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gupta@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 1198 EP 1201 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830526 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500257 ER PT J AU Marshall, WS Swenson, CA Gavrilin, AV Rickel, DG Schneider-Muntau, HJ AF Marshall, WS Swenson, CA Gavrilin, AV Rickel, DG Schneider-Muntau, HJ TI Development of 'poly-layer' assembly technology for pulsed magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE leads; pulse magnet; reinforcement; windings AB Historically the analysis of pulsed magnets has indicated that a coil assembly comprised by a layer-by-layer graded conductor coil is nearly optimum. Additionally the layer-to-layer winding transitions, associated with monolithic coil construction, are problematic and often the source of catastrophic failure in pulsed coils. FEA analysis of transition structures has confirmed the lessons of operational experience. Additionally the layer-to-layer winding transitions present an unacceptable risk a short circuit fault to the reinforcement structure. These attributes of monolithic coil construction have limited the fields where pulsed magnets can be operated to approximately 60 T. Several operational issues arise above this field: coil reliability degrades, and the time required to cool the magnet between shots is increased, since higher field monolithic coils require large amounts of distributed internal reinforcement to limit conductor strain. We are developing a new 'poly-layer' coil construction to address these engineering requirements. In this construction, each layer is wound separately on a forming mandrel, and then installed onto an assembly mandrel. Spool pieces are installed at each end to support the lead exits as they transition out of the windings. Each layer is joined in series with the next in a joint structure that is constrained in the radial and circumferential directions, but free to move with the coil in the axial direction. Furthermore, the coil reinforcement is used to support the lead in the transition region between the windings and the joint. The new design represents a change in our manufacturing template that is intended to allow development of higher field coils. This paper will report design details and the results from prototype testing. C1 Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Pulsed Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marshall, WS (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM smarshal@magnet.fsu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 1241 EP 1244 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830542 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500268 ER PT J AU Zanino, R Bagnasco, M Dittrich, G Fietz, WH Fillunger, H Hampshire, DP Heller, R Komarek, P Langhans, O Maix, R Marchese, V Martovetsky, N Mitchell, N Nijhuis, A Raff, S Ricci, A Suesser, M Salpietro, E Richard, LS Taylor, DMJ Ulbricht, A Vostner, A Wuechner, F Zahn, G AF Zanino, R Bagnasco, M Dittrich, G Fietz, WH Fillunger, H Hampshire, DP Heller, R Komarek, P Langhans, O Maix, R Marchese, V Martovetsky, N Mitchell, N Nijhuis, A Raff, S Ricci, A Suesser, M Salpietro, E Richard, LS Taylor, DMJ Ulbricht, A Vostner, A Wuechner, F Zahn, G TI T-cs tests and performance assessment of the ITER Toroidal Field Model Coil (Phase II) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE cable in conduit; Nb3Sn; nuclear fusion; toroidal field coil ID CURRENT SHARING TEMPERATURE; M-AND-M; CONDUCTORS; STRANDS AB The tests of the Toroidal Field Model Coil (TFMC) were completed in 2002 in the TOSKA facility of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. Operation reached a combined 80 kA in the TFMC and 16 kA in the LCT coil, resulting in a peak electromechanical load very close to that expected in the full-size ITER TF coils (800 kN/m). Here we concentrate on the measurements of the current sharing temperature (T-cs) of the TFMC conductor, possibly the highlight of the whole test campaign. These tests were performed by increasing in steps the helium inlet temperature T-in in double pancake DP1, resulting in an increasing normal voltage V across the DP1.1 and DP1.2 conductors, and were repeated for several combinations of currents in the TFMC and in the LCT coil. The analysis of the V - T-in characteristic by means of the M&M code allows to self-consistently deriving an estimate of T-cs, as well as an indirect assessment of the "average" strain state in the conductor. The TFMC isolated strand has also been very recently characterized at different applied uniaxial strain, and preliminary results indicate a stronger reduction of carrying capacity compared to the extrapolation from Summers scaling used in the analysis so far. As a consequence, the performance of the TFMC conductor, as preliminarily re-evaluated here, appears more in line with the strand performance than in previous analysis, although a BI-dependent "degradation" is still present. C1 Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Vienna Univ Technol, ATI, Vienna, Austria. Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3HP, England. LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. ITER, IT, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. ENEA, Frascati, Italy. EFDA, Close Support Unit, Garching, Germany. RP Politecn Torino, Dipartimento Energet, Cso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM roberto.zanino@polito.it NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 1519 EP 1522 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830682 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500332 ER PT J AU Wanderer, P Escallier, J Ganetis, G Jain, A Louie, W Marone, A Thomas, R AF Wanderer, P Escallier, J Ganetis, G Jain, A Louie, W Marone, A Thomas, R TI Development of a precise magnetic field measurement system for fast-changing magnetic fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE fast magnetic field measurements; nonrotating pickup coil; printed circuit boards AB Several recent applications for fast ramped magnets have been found that require precise measurement of the time-dependent fields. In one instance, accelerator dipoles will be ramped at 1 T/sec, with measurements needed to the typical level of accuracy for accelerators, DeltaB/B better than 0.01%. To meet this need, we have begun development of a system containing 16 stationary pickup windings that will be sampled at a high rate. It is hoped that harmonies through the decapole can be measured with this system. Precise measurement of the time-dependent harmonics requires that both the pickup windings and the voltmeters be nearly identical. To minimize costs, printed circuit boards are being used for the pickup windings and a combination of amplifiers and ADC's for voltmeters. In addition, new software must be developed for the analysis. The paper will present a status report on this work. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wanderer, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wanderer@bnl.gov; escallie@bnl.gov; ganetisl@bnl.gov; jain@bnl.gov; louie@bnl.gov; andym@bnl.gov; thomasl@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 1826 EP 1829 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830872 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500409 ER PT J AU Smith, RP Campi, D Cure, B Gaddi, A Gerwig, H Grillet, JP Herve, A Klyukhin, VI Loveless, R AF Smith, RP Campi, D Cure, B Gaddi, A Gerwig, H Grillet, JP Herve, A Klyukhin, VI Loveless, R TI Measuring the magnetic field in the CMS steel yoke elements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Magnet Technology CY OCT 20-24, 2003 CL Morioka City, JAPAN SP IEEE, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Iwate Prefecture, Morioka City, Cryogen Assoc Japan, IEE Japan, Coca Cola Co, Fuji Xerox Co Ltd, Nippon Telegraph & Telephone E Corp, SEIKO EPSON CORP DE flux loop; hall probe; magnetic field; steel yoke AB Flux loops and Hall probes are being installed on selected segments of the steel flux return of the 4 T solenoid of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector under construction at CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research). This steel also serves as part of the union detection system of CMS and accurate characterization of the magnetic flux density in the steel as elsewhere in the detector is required. Voltages induced in the flux loops during fast discharge of the solenoid will be sampled and integrated to measure the change in average flux density in the steel during the discharge. Hall probes mounted on the surface of the steel segments will provide information about the fields internal and external to the steel. In the laboratory work reported herein small iron discs with flux loops on their peripheries and hall probes on their flat surfaces are magnetized between the pole tips of a laboratory standard magnet and controlled power supply. The voltages induced in the flux loops during charging and discharging of the magnet are integrated and compared with the hall probes which sample the fields immediately external to the discs. The experimental work reported here will provide interpretation of the flux coil and hall probe measurements from the CMS magnet when it is commissioned in 2005. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, European Ctr Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Smith, RP (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rpsmith@fnal.gov; d.campi@cern.ch; b.cure@cern.ch; a.gaddi@cern.ch; h.gerwig@cern.ch; jp.grillet@cern.ch; a.herve@cern.ch; vyacheslav.klyukin@cern.ch; loveless@hep.physics.wisc.edu RI Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/D-6850-2012 OI Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8577-6531 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 SI SI BP 1830 EP 1833 DI 10.1109/TASC.2004.830873 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 844HA UT WOS:000223147500410 ER PT J AU Cordill, MJ Bahr, DF Moody, NR Gerberich, WW AF Cordill, MJ Bahr, DF Moody, NR Gerberich, WW TI Recent developments in thin film adhesion measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE adhesion; interfacial fracture energy; nanoindentation; thin films ID MULTILAYER FILMS; INDENTATION; MICROSCRATCH; MECHANICS; FRACTURE; ENERGY AB Interfacial fracture energies of thin films may be calculated using many different techniques. Nanoindentation and stressed overlayers are by far the most common and more reliable of the testing techniques. They depend on mechanics-based models to calculate the interfacial fracture energy of an interface using only the site specific material properties and the dimensions of the delaminated region, either in spontaneous buckle or indentation-induced blister form. This study will focus on four adhesion measurement techniques: spontaneous buckles, stressed overlayer-induced buckles, and nanoindentation-induced blisters with and without stressed overlayers, to demonstrate that the techniques will produce similar results for the measurement of adhesion energy. Films of tungsten (W), platinum (Pt), and titanium (Ti) on SiO2 (amorphous glass) substrates are examined and values of interfacial fracture energies reported. Results of interfacial fracture energy calculated from spontaneous buckles and indentation-induced blisters compare well to one another and values are reported for the aforementioned films. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cordill, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM cordill@cems.umn.edu RI Bahr, David/A-6521-2012; OI Bahr, David/0000-0003-2893-967X; Cordill, Megan/0000-0003-1142-8312 NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2004.829071 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 842US UT WOS:000223030400006 ER PT J AU Hilali, MM Rohatgi, A AF Hilali, MM Rohatgi, A TI Development of screen-printed silicon solar cells with high fill factors on 100 Omega/sq emitters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE high sheet-resistance emitters; photovoltaic cells; screen-printed contacts; silicon ID CONTACT RESISTANCE AB High-quality DuPont screen-printed Ag contacts were achieved on high sheet-resistance emitters (100 Ohm/sq) by rapid alloying of PV168 Ag paste. Excellent specific contact resistance (similar to 1 mOhm - cm(2)) in conjunction with high fill factor (FF) (0.775) were obtained on 100 Ohm/sq emitters by a 900 degreesC spike firing of the PV168 paste in a belt furnace. The combination of the alloying characteristics of the PV168 Ag paste and optimized single-step rapid low-thermal budget firing resulted in a cost-effective manufacturable process for high-efficiency Si solar cells. In addition, the co-fired 100 Ohm/sq cell showed a noticeable improvement of similar to0.5% in absolute efficiency over a conventional co-fired 45 Ohm/sq emitter cell. Lighter doping in the 100 Ohm/sq emitter cell resulted in better blue-response compared to the 2 conventional cell, contributing to similar to 1.3 mA/cm(2) improvement in short-circuit current. Improved surface passivation on 100 Ohm/sq emitter cell resulted in additional 0.6 mA/cm(2) increase in J(sc), 15-mV higher V-oc, and a 0.6% increase in absolute cell efficiency. Front grid design optimization resulted in a FF of 0.780, and a further improvement in cell efficiency to reach 17.4%. Index Terms-High sheet-resistance emitters, photovoltaic cells, screen-printed contacts, silicon. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Univ Ctr Excellence Photovoltaics Res & Educ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hilali, MM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Univ Ctr Excellence Photovoltaics Res & Educ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM gte639g@prism.gatech.edu NR 22 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 948 EP 955 DI 10.1109/TED.2004.828280 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 824BX UT WOS:000221660100018 ER PT J AU Smith, JT Morrison, HF AF Smith, JT Morrison, HF TI Estimating equivalent dipole polarizabilities for the inductive response of isolated conductive bodies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE dipole polarizabilities; electromagnetic induction; unexploded ordnance (UXO) AB Away from a conductive body, secondary magnetic fields due to currents induced in the body by a time-varying external magnetic field are approximated by (equivalent) magnetic dipole fields. Approximating the external magnetic field by its value at the location of the equivalent magnetic dipoles, the equivalent magnetic dipoles' strengths are linearly proportional to the external magnetic field, for a given time dependence of external magnetic field, and are given by the equivalent dipole polarizability matrix. The polarizability matrix and its associated equivalent dipole location are estimated from magnetic field measurements made with at least three linearly independent polarizations of external magnetic fields at the body. Uncertainties in the polarizability matrix elements and its equivalent dipole location are obtained from analysis of a linearized inversion for polarizability and dipole location. Polarizability matrix uncertainties are independent of the scale of the polarizability matrix. Dipole location uncertainties scale inversely with the scale of the polarizability matrix. Uncertainties in principal polarizabilities and directions are obtained from the sensitivities of eigenvectors and eigenvalues to perturbations of a symmetric matrix. In application to synthetic data from a magnetic conducting sphere and to synthetic data from an axially symmetric elliptic conducting body, the estimated polarizability matrices, equivalent dipole locations, and principal polarizabilities and directions are consistent with their estimated uncertainties. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1208 EP 1214 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.826789 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 830NT UT WOS:000222129900009 ER PT J AU Smith, JT Morrison, HF Becker, A AF Smith, JT Morrison, HF Becker, A TI Resolution depths for some transmitter-receiver configurations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE dipole polarizabilities; electromagnetic induction; unexploded ordnance AB Equivalent dipole polarizability matrices and equivalent dipole location are a convenient way to interpret magnetic field data due to currents induced in isolated conductive objects. The uncertainties in polarizability estimates and in the equivalent dipole location provide a quantitative measure of the performance of different configurations of transmitters and receivers. In another paper, we estimate these uncertainties using a linearized inversion. For many systems, consisting of one or more rectangular loop transmitters and a number of dipole receivers, sited on a horizontal grid, equivalent dipole depth is determined to 10% accuracy to depths approximately 20% deeper than the depths at which polarizability matrix elements can be determined to the same precision. Systems that have a lower product of rms polarizability uncertainty and square root of their number of transmitter-receiver pairs are considered more effective for the number of transmitter-receiver pairs. Among the systems studied, a system with three orthogonal transmitter loops and a three-component receiver is the most effective, for objects shallower than 0.6 times the instrument siting grid spacing, yielding an rms polarizability uncertainty 0.04 times that of a single-transmitter single-receiver system. At intermediate depths, a system with two vertical component receivers on the diagonal of a square horizontal transmitter loop is most effective for its number of transmitter-receiver pairs, yielding an rms polarizability uncertainty 0.07 times that of a single receiver system. At depths greater than 2.5 times, the siting grid spacing a three-orthogonal loop transmitter with a single vertical component receiver is about the most effective for its number of transmitter-receiver pairs, yielding an rms polarizability uncertainty 0.08 times that of a single-transmitter system. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2004 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1221 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.826788 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 830NT UT WOS:000222129900010 ER PT J AU Wu, QS Rao, NSV Barhen, J Iyengar, SS Vaishnavi, VK Qi, HR Chakrabarty, K AF Wu, QS Rao, NSV Barhen, J Iyengar, SS Vaishnavi, VK Qi, HR Chakrabarty, K TI On computing mobile agent routes for data fusion in distributed sensor networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithms; mobile agents; distributed sensor networks ID INTEGRATION; MANAGEMENT AB The problem of computing a route for a mobile agent that incrementally fuses the data as it visits the nodes in a distributed sensor network is considered. The order of nodes visited along the route has a significant impact on the quality and cost of fused data, which, in turn, impacts the main objective of the sensor network, such as target classification or tracking. We present a simplified analytical model for a distributed sensor network and formulate the route computation problem in terms of maximizing an objective function, which is directly proportional to the received signal strength and inversely proportional to the path loss and energy consumption. We show this problem to be NP-complete and propose a genetic algorithm to compute an approximate solution by suitably employing a two-level encoding scheme and genetic operators tailored to the objective function. We present simulation results for networks with different node sizes and sensor distributions, which demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm over two existing heuristics, namely, local closest first and global closest first methods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Informat Syst, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,MS-6016, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wuqn@ornl.gov; raons@ornl.gov; barhen@ornl.gov; iyengar@bit.csc.lsu.edu; vvaishna@gsu.edu; hqi@utk.edu; krish@ee.duke.edu RI Chakrabarty, Krishnendu/J-6086-2012; OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 23 TC 109 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 740 EP 753 DI 10.1109/TKDE.2004.12 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 814MD UT WOS:000220977900008 ER PT J AU Herskovits, EH Peng, HC Davatzikos, C AF Herskovits, EH Peng, HC Davatzikos, C TI A Bayesian morphometry algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Bayesian network; Bayes procedures; computational anatomy; image analysis; image classification; morphology-function analysis; voxel-based morphometry ID VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRY; BRAIN IMAGES; PROBABILISTIC NETWORKS; MARGINAL LIKELIHOOD; DEFORMABLE MODELS; DISTRIBUTIONS; NORMALIZATION; REGISTRATION; DEFORMATIONS; ATLAS AB Most methods for structure-function analysis of the brain in medical images are usually based on voxel-wise statistical tests performed on registered magnetic resonance (MR) images across subjects. A major drawback of such methods is the inability to accurately locate regions that manifest nonlinear associations with clinical variables. In this paper, we propose Bayesian morphological analysis methods, based on a Bayesian-network representation, for the analysis of MR brain images. First, we describe how Bayesian networks (BNs) can represent probabilistic associations among voxels and clinical (function) variables. Second, we present a model-selection framework, which generates a BN that captures structure-function relationships from MR brain images and function variables. We demonstrate our methods in the context of determining associations between regional brain atrophy (as demonstrated on MR images of the brain), and functional deficits. We employ two data sets for this evaluation: the first contains MR images of 11 subjects, where associations between regional atrophy and a functional deficit are almost linear; the second data set contains MR images of the ventricles of 84 subjects, where the structure-function association is nonlinear. Our methods successfully identify voxel-wise morphological changes that are associated with functional deficits in both data sets, whereas standard statistical analysis (i.e., t-test and paired t-test) fails in the nonlinear-association case. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Herskovits, EH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, 3600 Market St,Suite 370,Room 117, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM ehh@ieee.org; hpeng@lbl.gov; christos@rad.upenn.edu RI Peng, Hanchuan/A-1798-2011 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG13743] NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD JUN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 6 BP 723 EP 737 DI 10.1109/TMI.2004.826949 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 824YR UT WOS:000221723600007 PM 15191147 ER PT J AU Love, LJ Jansen, JF McKnight, TE Roh, Y Phelps, TJ AF Love, LJ Jansen, JF McKnight, TE Roh, Y Phelps, TJ TI A magnetocaloric pump for microfluidic applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOBIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ferrofluid; lab-on-a-chip (LOC); microfluidic pump ID MICROPUMP; FABRICATION; FERROFLUID; TECHNOLOGY; DIAPHRAGM AB A magnetocaloric pump provides a simple means of pumping fluid using only external thermal and magnetic fields. The principle, which can be traced back to the early work of Rosensweig, is straightforward. Magnetic materials tend to lose their magnetization as the temperature approaches the material's Curie point. Exposing a column of magnetic fluid to a uniform magnetic field coincident with a temperature gradient produces a pressure gradient in the magnetic fluid. As the fluid heats up, it loses its attraction to the magnetic field and is displaced by cooler fluid. The impact of such a phenomenon is obvious: fluid propulsion with no moving mechanical parts. Until recently, limitations in the magnetic and thermal properties of conventional materials severely limited practical operating pressure gradients. However, recent advancements in the design of metal substituted magnetite enable fine control over both the magnetic and thermal properties of magnetic nanoparticles, a key element in colloidal-based magnetic fluids (ferrofluids). This paper begins with a basic description of the process and previous limitations due to material properties. This is followed by a review of existing methods of synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles as well as an introduction to a new approach based on thermophilic metal-reducing bacteria. We compare two compounds and show, experimentally, significant variation in specific magnetic and thermal properties. We develop the constitutive thermal, magnetic, and fluid dynamic equations associated with a magnetocaloric pump and validate our finite-element model with a series of experiments. Preliminary results show a good match between the model and experiment as well as approximately an order of magnitude increase in the fluid flow rate over conventional magnetite-based ferrofluids operating below 80 degreesC. Finally, as a practical demonstration, we describe a novel application of this technology: pumping fluids at the "lab-on-a-chip" microfluidic scale. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Energet Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Monolith Syst Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Environm Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. RP Love, LJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Energet Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. EM lovelj@oml.gov RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-1241 J9 IEEE T NANOBIOSCI JI IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1109/TNB.2004.828265 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 825GW UT WOS:000221745200004 PM 15382742 ER PT J AU Yoshioka, T Nomachi, M Artamanov, A Bhuyan, B Frank, JS Fujiwara, T Higa, K Kettell, SH Komatsubara, TK Konaka, A Kozjevnikov, A Kushnirenko, A Muramatsu, N Nakano, T Nomura, T Petrenko, S Poutissou, R Redlinger, G Sekiguchi, T Shinkawa, T Sugimoto, S Tsunemi, T AF Yoshioka, T Nomachi, M Artamanov, A Bhuyan, B Frank, JS Fujiwara, T Higa, K Kettell, SH Komatsubara, TK Konaka, A Kozjevnikov, A Kushnirenko, A Muramatsu, N Nakano, T Nomura, T Petrenko, S Poutissou, R Redlinger, G Sekiguchi, T Shinkawa, T Sugimoto, S Tsunemi, T TI Upgrade of the level-0 trigger system for BNL-E949 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE complex programmable logic device (CPLD); field-programmable gate array (FPGA); mean-timer; trigger ID PERFORMANCE AB A new programmable trigger board and digital mean-timer modules using complex programmable logic device have been introduced to the trigger system of the BNL-E949 experiment. The online dead time was reduced from 4.0% to 1.7% by introducing an on-chip prescaler to the programmable trigger board. The acceptance loss of the online photon veto was reduced from 4.9% to 1.8% by introducing the mean-timer modules. C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Osaka Univ, Nucl Studies Lab, OULNS, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. Protvino High Energy Phys Inst, Protvino 142284, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Delhi, Dept Phys, Delhi 110007, India. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Osaka Univ, RCNP, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Natl Def Acad, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan. RP Yoshioka, T (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM tyosioka@post.kek.jp NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.828867 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000003 ER PT J AU Abolins, M Ban, J Bystricky, J Calvet, D Chapin, D Edmunds, D Evans, H Han, L Heintz, U Hildreth, M Hirosky, R Johns, K Johnson, M Laurens, P Le Du, P Mitrevski, J Narain, M Olsen, J Padley, P Parsons, J Partridge, R Perez, E Sippach, W Steinberg, J Tarte, G Wilson, G Wood, D Wu, S AF Abolins, M Ban, J Bystricky, J Calvet, D Chapin, D Edmunds, D Evans, H Han, L Heintz, U Hildreth, M Hirosky, R Johns, K Johnson, M Laurens, P Le Du, P Mitrevski, J Narain, M Olsen, J Padley, P Parsons, J Partridge, R Perez, E Sippach, W Steinberg, J Tarte, G Wilson, G Wood, D Wu, S TI The run IIb trigger upgrade for the DO experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE clustering methods; digital filters; field programmable gate arrays; hadrons; particle collisions; tracking; triggering AB The increase in instantaneous luminosity anticipated in Run IIb of the Tevatron collider at Fermilab requires increased background rejection capabilities from the trigger system of the DO detector. A set of upgrades is under way to improve triggering at level 1 in the calorimeter and tracker, and at level 2 in the silicon track trigger and software triggers. Reductions of up to a factor of ten on the rates of high transverse momentum triggers are anticipated with the upgrades described. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. CEA, CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60501 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Abolins, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM abolins@pa.msu.edu; ban@nevis.columbia.edu; bystri@hep.saclay.cea.fr; calvet@hep.saclay.cea.fr; dpchapin@fnal.gov; edmunds@pa.msu.edu; evans@nevis.columbia.edu; hanl@fnal.gov; heintz@bu.edu; mikeh@fnal.gov; hirosky@virginia.edu; johns@fnal.gov; mjohnson@fnal.gov; laurens@pa.msu.edu; ledu@hep.saclay.cea.fr; jmitrevs@nevis.columbia.edu; narain@bu.edu; jamieson@fnal.gov; padley@phsyies.rice.edu; parsons@nevis.columbia.edu; partridge@hep.brown.edu; eperez@hep.saclay.cea.fr; sippach@nevis.columbia.edu; steinberg@physics.arizona.edu; tarte@hep.saclay.cea.fr; graham@fnal.gov; darien@neu.edu; wusx@bu.edu NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.828811 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000004 ER PT J AU Olsen, J Anderson, J Angstadt, R Babukhadia, L Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Borcherding, F Connolly, B Cooke, M Desai, S Evans, D Grannis, P Grunendahl, S Hu, Y Jain, V Johnson, M Linn, S Lizarazo, J Maravin, Y Martin, M Mutaf, Y Noding, C Ramirez-Gomez, R Rapisarda, S Stevenson, K Tomoto, M Vachon, B Wijnen, T Wilcer, N Wilson, G Xu, QC Yip, K AF Olsen, J Anderson, J Angstadt, R Babukhadia, L Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Borcherding, F Connolly, B Cooke, M Desai, S Evans, D Grannis, P Grunendahl, S Hu, Y Jain, V Johnson, M Linn, S Lizarazo, J Maravin, Y Martin, M Mutaf, Y Noding, C Ramirez-Gomez, R Rapisarda, S Stevenson, K Tomoto, M Vachon, B Wijnen, T Wilcer, N Wilson, G Xu, QC Yip, K TI The DO Central Track Trigger SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE data acquisition; field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); parallel processing; particle tracking; scintillation detectors; triggering ID DETECTOR; READOUT AB An overview of the system architecture and algorithms used for the DO Central Track Trigger (CTT) in the Run 2 of the Fermilab Tevatron Proton-Antiproton Collider is presented. This system uses information from the newly commissioned Central Fiber Tracker and Preshower Detectors to generate Level 1 trigger decisions. It also generates lists of seed tracks and preshower clusters that are sent to the Level 1 Moon Trigger, L2 Silicon Track Trigger, and Central and Forward Preshower Level 2 preprocessors. The system consists of modular boards which utilize field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to implement trigger algorithms. The system delivers trigger decisions every 132 ns, based on input data flowing at a maximum sustained rate of 475 gigabits per second. The first results of trigger efficiency studies are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. No Illinois Univ, NICADD, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Rice Univ, TW Bonner Nucl Labs, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Los Andes, Dept Fis, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Freiburg, D-79005 Freiburg, Germany. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6546 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Olsen, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jamieson@fnal.gov RI Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.828703 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000005 ER PT J AU Annovi, A Bardi, A Campanelli, M Carosi, R Catastini, P Cavasinni, V Cerri, A Clark, A Dell'Orso, M Del Prete, T Dotti, A Ferri, G Giagu, S Giannetti, P Iannaccone, G La Malfa, M Morsani, F Punzi, G Rescigno, M Roda, C Shochet, M Spinella, F Torre, S Usai, G Vacavant, L Vivarelli, L Wu, X Zanello, L AF Annovi, A Bardi, A Campanelli, M Carosi, R Catastini, P Cavasinni, V Cerri, A Clark, A Dell'Orso, M Del Prete, T Dotti, A Ferri, G Giagu, S Giannetti, P Iannaccone, G La Malfa, M Morsani, F Punzi, G Rescigno, M Roda, C Shochet, M Spinella, F Torre, S Usai, G Vacavant, L Vivarelli, L Wu, X Zanello, L TI Hadron collider triggers with high-quality tracking at very high event rates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE parallel processing; particle tracking; pattern matching; triggering; very large scale integration AB We propose precise and fast-track reconstruction at hadron collider experiments, for use in online trigger decisions. We describe the features of fast-track (FTK), a highly parallel processor dedicated to the efficient execution of a fast-tracking algorithm. The hardware-dedicated structure optimizes speed and size; these parameters are evaluated for the ATLAS experiment. We discuss some applications of high-quality tracks available to the trigger logic at an early stage, by using the LHC environment as a benchmark. The most interesting application is online selection of b-quarks down to very low transverse momentum, providing interesting hadronic samples: examples are Z(0) --> b (b) over bar, potentially useful for jet calibration, and multi-b final states for supersymmetric Higgs searches. The paper is generated from outside the ATLAS experiment and has not been discussed by the ATLAS collaboration. C1 Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy. Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Nucl & Corpuscolaire, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Siena, Dipartimento Fis, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RP Annovi, A (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Piazza Torricelli 2, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. EM alberto.annovi@pi.infn.it; antonio.bardi@pi.infn.it; mario.campanelli@mail.cern.ch; roberto.carosi@pi.infn.it; pierluigi.catastini@pi.infn.it; vincenzo.cavasinni@pi.infn.it; acerri@lbl.gov; allan.clark@mail.cern.ch; mauro.dellorso@pi.infn.it; tarcisio.delprete@pi.infn.it; andrea.dotti@pi.infn.it; giampiero.ferri@pi.infn.it; stefano.giagu@romal.infn.it; paola.giannetti@pi.infn.it; g.iannaccone@iet.unipi.it; michele.lamalfa@pi.infn.it; fabio.morsani@pi.infn.it; giovanni.punzi@pi.infn.it; marco.rescigno@romal.infn.it; chiara.roda@pi.infn.it; shochet@hep.uchicago.edu; franco.spinella@pi.infn.it; stefano.torre@pi.infn.it; giulio.usai@pi.infn.it; iacopo.vivarelli@pi.infn.it; xin.wu@mail.cern.ch; lucia.zanello@romal.infn.it RI Iannaccone, Giuseppe/C-4866-2008; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; OI Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Iannaccone, Giuseppe/0000-0003-3375-1647; Torre, Stefano/0000-0002-7565-0118 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.828639 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000012 ER PT J AU Angstadt, R Brooijmans, G Chapin, D Clements, M Cutts, D Haas, A Hauser, R Johnson, M Kulyavtsev, A Mattingly, SEK Mulders, M Padley, P Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Snyder, S Watts, G AF Angstadt, R Brooijmans, G Chapin, D Clements, M Cutts, D Haas, A Hauser, R Johnson, M Kulyavtsev, A Mattingly, SEK Mulders, M Padley, P Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Snyder, S Watts, G TI The DZERO level 3 data acquisition system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE computer networks; data acquisition; monitoring; physics; triggering ID TRIGGER AB The DZERO experiment began RunII datataking operation at Fermilab in spring 2001. The physics program of the experiment requires the Level 3 data acquisition (DAQ) system system to handle average event sizes of 250 kilobytes at a rate of 1 kHz. The system routes and transfers event fragments of approximately 1-20 kilobytes from 63 VME crate sources to any of approximately 100 processing nodes. It is built upon a Cisco 6509 Ethernet switch, standard PCs, and commodity VME single board computers (SBCs). The system has been in full operation since spring 2002. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Angstadt, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM chapin@hep.brown.edu OI Haas, Andrew/0000-0002-4832-0455 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.828785 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000020 ER PT J AU Belias, A Crone, GJ Harris, EF Howcroft, C Madani, S Nicholls, TC Pearce, GE Reyna, DE Tagg, N Thomson, MA AF Belias, A Crone, GJ Harris, EF Howcroft, C Madani, S Nicholls, TC Pearce, GE Reyna, DE Tagg, N Thomson, MA TI The MINOS data acquisition system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE data acquisition; data buses; computer networks; programming ID OSCILLATION AB The MINOS long-baseline neutrino experiment consists of two detectors separated by 730 km. Both are equipped with identical data acquisition (DAQ) systems, based on continuous, dead time free readout. Data are read from the untriggered front-end electronics by VME single board computers and transferred across high-speed PCI data links for consolidation by data routing processors. An array of Linux computers selects events of interest using software-based trigger algorithms. We present the design of the DAQ system and report on experience gathered during early operation of the experiment. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Phys, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Belias, A (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM t.c.nicholls@rl.ac.uk NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 451 EP 455 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.828518 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000021 ER PT J AU Beck, HP Abolins, M Dos Anjos, A Barisonzi, M Beretta, MM Blair, R Bogaerts, JA Boterenbrood, H Botterill, D Ciobotaru, MD Cortezon, EP Cranfield, R Crone, G Dawson, J Di Girolamo, B Dobinson, RW Ermoline, Y Ferrer, ML Francis, D Gadomski, S Gameiro, SM Golonka, P Gorini, B Green, B Gruwe, M Haas, S Haeberli, C Hasegawa, Y Hauser, R Hinkelbein, C Hughes-Jones, R Knezo, E Jansweijer, P Joos, M Kaczmarska, A Kieft, G Korcyl, K Kugel, A Lankford, AJ Lehmann, G LeVine, MJ Liu, WY Maeno, T Maia, ML Mapelli, L Martin, B McLaren, R Meirosu, C Stanislaw, A Mommsen, MR Mornacchi, G Muller, M Nagasaka, Y Nakayoshi, K Papadopoulos, L Petersen, J Pinto, PDL Prigent, D Reale, VP Schlereth, J Shimojima, M Spiwoks, R Stancu, SN Strong, J Tremblet, L Vermeulen, J Werner, P Wickens, FJ Yasu, Y Yu, MY Zobernig, H Zurek, M AF Beck, HP Abolins, M Dos Anjos, A Barisonzi, M Beretta, MM Blair, R Bogaerts, JA Boterenbrood, H Botterill, D Ciobotaru, MD Cortezon, EP Cranfield, R Crone, G Dawson, J Di Girolamo, B Dobinson, RW Ermoline, Y Ferrer, ML Francis, D Gadomski, S Gameiro, SM Golonka, P Gorini, B Green, B Gruwe, M Haas, S Haeberli, C Hasegawa, Y Hauser, R Hinkelbein, C Hughes-Jones, R Knezo, E Jansweijer, P Joos, M Kaczmarska, A Kieft, G Korcyl, K Kugel, A Lankford, AJ Lehmann, G LeVine, MJ Liu, WY Maeno, T Maia, ML Mapelli, L Martin, B McLaren, R Meirosu, C Stanislaw, A Mommsen, MR Mornacchi, G Muller, M Nagasaka, Y Nakayoshi, K Papadopoulos, L Petersen, J Pinto, PDL Prigent, D Reale, VP Schlereth, J Shimojima, M Spiwoks, R Stancu, SN Strong, J Tremblet, L Vermeulen, J Werner, P Wickens, FJ Yasu, Y Yu, MY Zobernig, H Zurek, M TI The base-line DataFlow system of the ATLAS trigger and DAQ SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE computer network performance; data acquisition (DAQ); data buses; field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); flow control; message passing; network testing; networks; optical fiber communication; particle collisions; radiation detectors; software; triggering AB The base-line design and implementation of the ATLAS DAQ DataFlow system is described. The main components of the DataFlow system, their interactions, bandwidths, and rates are discussed and performance measurements on a 10% scale prototype for the final ATLAS TDAQ DataFlow system are presented. This prototype is a combination of custom design components and of multithreaded software applications implemented in C++ and running in a Linux environment on commercially available PCs interconnected by a fully switched gigabit Ethernet network. C1 Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, COOPE EE, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Dept Phys, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Shinshu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Matsumoto, Nagano 3908621, Japan. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Univ Mannheim, Lehrstuhl Informat 5, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Fac Engn, Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima 7315193, Japan. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Dept Elect Engn, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Beck, HP (reprint author), Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM Hans.Peter.Beck@cern.ch OI Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.828707 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000025 ER PT J AU LeVine, MJ Stancu, S Haeberli, C Tremblet, L Beuran, R Meirosu, C Dobinson, RW Martin, B Knezo, E Beck, HP Hauser, R Botterill, D AF LeVine, MJ Stancu, S Haeberli, C Tremblet, L Beuran, R Meirosu, C Dobinson, RW Martin, B Knezo, E Beck, HP Hauser, R Botterill, D TI Validation of the atlas Trigger/Daq network architecture using hardware data emulators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE data acquisition; emulators; Ethernet; networks AB Hardware data emulators are used to deploy a large-scale model of the ATLAS data acquisition architecture. The emulators, based on FPGAs and on the Alteon gigabit Ethernet NIC, are described, and their performance determined. The emulators are used in the large-scale test bed; sample results are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Politehn Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP LeVine, MJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM levine@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829381 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000036 ER PT J AU Haeberli, C dos Anjos, A Beck, HP Bogaerts, A Botterill, D Gadomski, S Golonka, P Hauser, R LeVine, MJ Mommsen, R Reale, VP Stancu, SN Schlereth, J Werner, P Wickens, F Zobernig, H AF Haeberli, C dos Anjos, A Beck, HP Bogaerts, A Botterill, D Gadomski, S Golonka, P Hauser, R LeVine, MJ Mommsen, R Reale, VP Stancu, SN Schlereth, J Werner, P Wickens, F Zobernig, H TI ATLAS TDAQ DataCollection software SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference CY MAY 18-23, 2003 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE, NPSS DE ATLAS; dataflow; event filter; Large Hardron Collider (LHC); object oriented application framework; Second Level Trigger; TDAQ AB The DataCollection (DC) is a subsystem of the ATLAS Trigger and DAQ system. It is responsible for the movement of event data from the ReadOut subsystem to the Second Level Trigger and to the Event Filter. This functionality is distributed on several software applications running on Linux PCs interconnected with Gigabit Ethernet. For the design and implementation of these applications a common approach has been adopted. This approach leads to the design and implementation of a common DC software framework providing a suite of common services. C1 Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE EE, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Haeberli, C (reprint author), Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM christian.haeberli@cern.ch NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 585 EP 590 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.828601 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OE UT WOS:000222644000044 ER PT J AU Qi, YJ Tsui, BMW Gilland, KL Frey, EC Gullberg, GT AF Qi, YJ Tsui, BMW Gilland, KL Frey, EC Gullberg, GT TI Evaluation of parallel and fan-beam data acquisition geometries and strategies for myocardial SPECT imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Channelized Hotelling observer (CHO); fan beam; ROC analysis; SPECT ID OPTIMIZATION; QUALITY; MODEL AB This study evaluates myocardial SPECT images obtained from parallel-hole (PH) and fan-beam (FB) collimator geometries using both circular-orbit (CO) and noncircular-orbit (NCO) acquisitions. A newly developed 4-D NURBS-based cardiac-torso (NCAT) phantom was used to simulate the Tc-99m-sestamibi uptakes in human torso with myocardial defects in the left ventricular (LV) wall. Two phantoms were generated to simulate patients with thick and thin body builds. Projection data including the effects of attenuation, collimator-detector response and scatter were generated using SIMSET Monte Carlo simulations. A large number of photon histories were generated such that the projection data were close to noise free. Poisson noise fluctuations were then added to simulate the count densities found in clinical data. Noise-free and noisy projection data were reconstructed using the iterative OS-EM reconstruction algorithm with attenuation compensation. The reconstructed images from noisy projection data show that the noise levels are lower for the FB as compared to the PH collimator due to increase in detected counts. The NCO acquisition method provides slightly better resolution and small improvement in defect contrast as compared to the CO acquisition method in noise-free reconstructed images. Despite lower projection counts the NCO shows the same noise level as the CO in the attenuation corrected reconstruction images. The results from the channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) study show that FB collimator is superior to PH collimator in myocardial defect detection, but the NCO shows no statistical significant difference from the CO for either PH or FB collimator. In conclusion, our results indicate that data acquisition using NCO makes a very small improvement in the resolution over CO for myocardial SPECT imaging. This small improvement does not make a significant difference on myocardial defect detection. However, an FB collimator provides better defect detection than a PH collimator with similar spatial resolution for myocardial SPECT imaging. C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Radiol, Div Med Imaging Phys, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dep Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qi, YJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Radiol, Div Med Imaging Phys, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM yqi1@jhmi.edu; btsui1@jhmi.edu; kgillan2@jhmi.edu; efrey@jhmi.edu; gtgullberg@lbl.gov RI Qi, Yujin/C-9595-2014 OI Qi, Yujin/0000-0002-1929-1624 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 667 EP 672 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829737 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OF UT WOS:000222644100010 ER PT J AU Peggs, SG AF Peggs, SG TI Fundamental limits to stereotactic proton therapy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accelerator; proton therapy; treatment planning AB Proton therapy techniques are developing from passive scattering toward 3-D multifield scanning modalities, increasing the demands for speed and for dose distributions with sharp edges. Fundamental physics (energy straggling and multiple Coulomb scattering) ultimately limit treatment performance parameters, even for an ideal beam delivery system. This paper calculates how few independent beam delivery control points are needed in a tumor in order to perform the sharpest possible stereotactic surgery, with 1% integrated dose flatness. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Peggs, SG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM peggs@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829734 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OF UT WOS:000222644100012 ER PT J AU Wang, GC Huber, JS Moses, WW Choong, WS Maltz, JS AF Wang, GC Huber, JS Moses, WW Choong, WS Maltz, JS TI Calibration of a I'EM detector with depth of interaction measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomedical imaging; calibration; detectors; depth of interaction (DOI); positron emission tomography (PET) ID PIN PHOTODIODE; SCINTILLATOR; MODULE; DESIGN; APD AB We present an in situ calibration technique for the LBNL positron emission mammography (PEM) detector module that is capable of measuring depth of interaction (DOI). The detector module consists of 64 LSO crystals coupled on one end to a single photomultiplier tube (PMT) and on the opposite end to a 64 pixel array of silicon photodiodes (PD). The PMT provides an accurate timing pulse, the PDs identify the crystal of interaction, the sum provides a total energy signal and the Gamma = PD/(PD + PMT) ratio determines the depth of interaction. We calibrate using the Lu-176 natural background radiation of the LSO crystals. We determine the relative gain (K) of the PMT and PD by minimizing the asymmetry of the I' distribution. We determine the depth dependence from the width of the I' distribution with optimal K. The performance of calibrated detector modules is evaluated by averaging results from 12 modules. The energy resolution is a function of depth ranging from 24% FWHM at the PD end to 51% FWHM of the PMT end, and the DOI resolution ranges from 6 mm FWHM at the PD end to 11 mm FWHM at the PMT end. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gcwang@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 775 EP 781 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829785 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OF UT WOS:000222644100027 ER PT J AU Valentine, JD AF Valentine, JD TI A report from the editor for Nuclear Science Symposium, Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detectors, and Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems contributions to IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONNUCLEAR SCIENCE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Valentine, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 818 EP 818 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829973 PN 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400001 ER PT J AU James, RB AF James, RB TI A report from the general chairman 2003 IEEE NSS/MIC/RTSD/SNPS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, SNPS, RTSD, MIC,NSS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP James, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, SNPS, RTSD, MIC,NSS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 819 EP 819 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829974 PN 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400002 ER PT J AU James, RB Siffert, P AF James, RB Siffert, P TI A report from the co chairs of the 13th RTSD (held in conjunction with the 2003 NSS/MIC) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP James, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 820 EP 820 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829975 PN 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400003 ER PT J AU Tajima, H Nakamoto, T Tanaka, T Uno, S Mitani, T Silva, EDE Fukazawa, Y Kamae, T Madejski, G Marlow, D Nakazawa, K Nomachi, M Okada, Y Takahashi, T AF Tajima, H Nakamoto, T Tanaka, T Uno, S Mitani, T Silva, EDE Fukazawa, Y Kamae, T Madejski, G Marlow, D Nakazawa, K Nomachi, M Okada, Y Takahashi, T TI Performance of a low noise front-end ASIC for Si/CdTe detectors in compton gamma-ray telescope SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE Analog integrated circuits; cadmium telluride; Compton camera; gamma-ray detectors; silicon radiation detectors ID CMOS; READOUT; DESIGN AB Compton telescopes based on semiconductor technologies are being developed to explore the gamma-ray universe in an energy band 0.1-20 MeV, which is not well covered by the present or near-future gamma-ray telescopes. The key feature of such Compton telescopes is the high energy resolution that is crucial for high angular resolution and high background rejection capability. The energy resolution around 1 keV is required to approach physical limit of the angular resolution due to Doppler broadening. We have developed a low noise front-end ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit), VA32TA, to realize this goal for the readout of double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSD) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) pixel detector which are essential elements of the semiconductor Compton telescope. We report on the design and test results of the VA32TA. We have reached an energy resolution of 1.3 keV [full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)] for 60 and 122 keV at 0degrees C with a DSSD and 1.7 keV (FWHM) with a CdTe detector. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94095 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Tajima, H (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94095 USA. EM htajima@slac.stanford.edu RI Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014 NR 18 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 842 EP 847 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829394 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400008 ER PT J AU Schulte, R Bashkirov, V Li, TF Liang, ZR Mueller, K Heimann, J Johnson, LR Keeney, B Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Zhang, L Li, Z Peggs, S Satogata, T Woody, C AF Schulte, R Bashkirov, V Li, TF Liang, ZR Mueller, K Heimann, J Johnson, LR Keeney, B Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Zhang, L Li, Z Peggs, S Satogata, T Woody, C TI Conceptual design of a proton computed tomography system for applications in proton radiation therapy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID CSI(TL) SCINTILLATORS; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; ENERGY RESOLUTION; EMISSION; BEAM AB Proton computed tomography (pCT) has the potential to improve the accuracy of dose calculations for proton treatment planning, and will also be useful for pretreatment verification of patient positioning relative to the proton beam. A design study was performed to define the optimal approach to a pCT system based on specifications for applications in proton therapy. Conceptual and detailed design of a pCT system is presented; the system consists of a silicon-based particle tracking system and a crystal calorimeter to measure energy loss of individual protons. We discuss the formation of pCT images based on the reconstruction of volume electron density maps and the suitability of analytic and statistical algorithms for image reconstruction. C1 Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schulte, R (reprint author), Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA. EM rschulte@dominion.llume.edu RI Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; OI Johnson, Leah/0000-0002-9922-579X NR 19 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 866 EP 872 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829392 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400012 ER PT J AU Howe, MA Cox, GA Harvey, PJ McGirt, F Rielage, K Wilkerson, JF Wouters, JM AF Howe, MA Cox, GA Harvey, PJ McGirt, F Rielage, K Wilkerson, JF Wouters, JM TI Sudbury neutrino observatory neutral current detector acquisition software overview SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Nuclear-Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE data acquisition; detectors; neutrinos; software AB The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory begins a new phase of operation in the autumn of 2003 with the installation of the neutral current detectors (NCDs). This paper focuses mainly on the object-oriented real-time control and acquisition (ORCA) software that is the framework for the data acquisition system of the NCD array. Particular emphasis is given to the general purpose nature of ORCA and the manner in which it provides generic object-oriented software modules that can be configured and connected together at run-time to build general-purpose data acquisition applications. ORCA is the main graphical user interface for the NCD experiment and is used for hardware initialization, run control, data readout, and data shipping. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Howe, MA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM howe@npl.washington.edu; ac00@u.washington.edu; phil@sno.phy.queensu.cs; fmcgirt@swcp.com; rielagek@u.washington.edu; jfw@u.washington.edu; jwouters@lanl.gov OI Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217 NR 7 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 878 EP 883 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829527 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400014 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Neubauer, M Sfiligoi, I Weems, L Wurthwein, F AF Kim, TH Neubauer, M Sfiligoi, I Weems, L Wurthwein, F TI The CDF central analysis farm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE batch; CDF; computing; grid; high-energy physics; physics analysis AB With Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron well underway, many computing challenges inherent to analyzing large volumes of data produced in particle physics research need to be met. We present the computing model within CDF designed to address the physics needs of the collaboration. Particular emphasis is placed on current development of a large O(1000) processor PC cluster at Fermilab serving as the Central Analysis Farm (CAF) for CDF. Future plans leading toward distributed computing and GRID within CDF are also discussed. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kim, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM thkim@fnal.gov; msn@fnal.gov; sfiligoi@lfn.infn.it; lweems@fnal.gov; fkw@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 892 EP 896 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829574 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400016 ER PT J AU Hansen, S Jordan, T Kiper, T Claes, D Snow, G Berns, H Burnett, TH Gran, R Wilkes, RJ AF Hansen, S Jordan, T Kiper, T Claes, D Snow, G Berns, H Burnett, TH Gran, R Wilkes, RJ TI Low-cost data acquisition card for school-network cosmic ray detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE cosmic rays; education; elementary particles; global positioning system (GPS); particle measurements; radiation detectors ID ARRAY AB The Cosmic Ray Observatory Project (CROP) at University of Nebraska/Lincoln and the Washington Area Large-scale Time coincidence Array (WALTA) at University of Washington/Seattle are among several outreach projects siting cosmic-ray detectors at local high schools in cities around North America, to study the origins and interactions of high-energy cosmic rays. In a collaboration between QuarkNet, the outreach program based at Fermilab, CROP, and WALTA, a low-cost data acquisition electronics card has been developed to collect and synchronize the data from each detector site. The cost per card is under US$500 for parts (for 15 boards), functionally replacing much more expensive electronics crates and modules at each high school site. The card has four analog discriminator inputs for photomultiplier tube signals, a four-channel time-to-digital converter (TDC) for local coincidence and time-over-threshold measurements with similar to 1 ns resolution, programmable trigger logic via a CPLD and microcontroller, and a built-in low-cost GPS receiver/antenna module (via external cable) to provide event trigger time stamps with 50 ns accuracy. Temperature sensors and a barometer are also integrated to record environmental data along with the counter data. The card connects to any PC or laptop via a standard RS-232 serial port for data output and control. The microcontroller and CPLD are field programmable and thus make the card functionality flexible and easy to upgrade. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hansen, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM wilkes@u.washington.edu RI Wilkes, R.Jeffrey/E-6011-2013 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 926 EP 930 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829447 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400022 ER PT J AU Akimoto, T Aoki, M Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, CI Derylo, G Fang, I Feng, EJ Fernandez, JP Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Haber, C Hale, D Hara, K Harr, R Hill, C Hoff, J Holbrook, B Hong, SC Hrycyk, M Hsiung, TH Incandela, J Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Junk, T Kahkola, H Karjalainen, S Kim, S Kobayashi, K Kong, DJ Krieger, B Kruse, M Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Lander, R Landry, T Lauhakangas, R Lee, J Lu, RS Lujan, P Lukens, P Mandelli, E Manea, C Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Min, SN Moccia, S Nakano, I Nelson, T Nord, B Novak, J Okusawa, T Orava, R Orlov, Y Osterberg, K Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Riipinen, R Schuyler, B Shenai, A Soha, A Stuart, D Tanaka, R Tavi, M Von der Lippe, H Walder, JP Wang, Z Weber, M Wester, W Yamamoto, K Yang, YC Yao, W Yao, W Yarema, R Yun, JC Zetti, F Zimmerman, T Zimmermann, S Zucchelli, S AF Akimoto, T Aoki, M Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, CI Derylo, G Fang, I Feng, EJ Fernandez, JP Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Haber, C Hale, D Hara, K Harr, R Hill, C Hoff, J Holbrook, B Hong, SC Hrycyk, M Hsiung, TH Incandela, J Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Junk, T Kahkola, H Karjalainen, S Kim, S Kobayashi, K Kong, DJ Krieger, B Kruse, M Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Lander, R Landry, T Lauhakangas, R Lee, J Lu, RS Lujan, P Lukens, P Mandelli, E Manea, C Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Min, SN Moccia, S Nakano, I Nelson, T Nord, B Novak, J Okusawa, T Orava, R Orlov, Y Osterberg, K Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Riipinen, R Schuyler, B Shenai, A Soha, A Stuart, D Tanaka, R Tavi, M Von der Lippe, H Walder, JP Wang, Z Weber, M Wester, W Yamamoto, K Yang, YC Yao, W Yao, W Yarema, R Yun, JC Zetti, F Zimmerman, T Zimmermann, S Zucchelli, S TI CDF run IIb silicon detector: Electrical performance and deadtime-less operation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE CDF; deadtime-less; run IIb; silicon tracker; SVX4 AB The main building block and readout unit of the planned CDF Run IIb silicon detector is a "stave," a highly integrated mechanical, thermal, and electrical structure. One of its characteristic features is a copper-on-Kapton flexible cable for power, high voltage, data transmission, and control signals that is placed directly below the silicon microstrip sensors. The dense packaging makes deadtime-less operation of the stave a challenge since coupling of bus cable activity into the silicon sensors must be suppressed efficiently. The stave design features relevant for deadtime-less operation are discussed. The electrical performance achieved with stave prototypes is presented. C1 Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. PSPT, Kuopio, Finland. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Univ Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. INFN Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Akimoto, T (reprint author), Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM mmweber@lbl.gov RI Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 987 EP 993 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829508 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400033 ER PT J AU Britton, CL Bryan, WL Wintenberg, AL Warmack, RJ McKnight, TE Frank, SS Cooper, RG Dudney, NJ Veith, GM Stephan, AC AF Britton, CL Bryan, WL Wintenberg, AL Warmack, RJ McKnight, TE Frank, SS Cooper, RG Dudney, NJ Veith, GM Stephan, AC TI A detector for neutron imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE neutrons; radiation detector AB A bright neutron source such as the spallation neutron source (SNS) places extreme requirements on detectors including excellent 2-D spatial imaging and high dynamic range. Present imaging detectors have either shown position resolutions that are less than acceptable or they exhibit excessive paralyzing dead times due to the brightness of the source. A detector concept known as MicroMegas (MicroMEsh GAseous Structure) has been developed at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, for high-energy physics charged-particle tracking applications and has shown great promise for handling high data rates with a rather low-cost structure. We are attempting to optimize the MicroMegas detector concept for thermal neutrons and have designed a 1-D neutron strip detector utilizing solid converters which we have tested. In addition, we are performing research into the compatibility of various converter coatings. Our goal is to develop a manufacturable detector that could be scaled to a 1 m(2), 2-D array for use at the SNS and other facilities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. RP Britton, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM BRITTONCL@ornl.gov; cooperrg@ornl.gov; astephan@utk.edu RI McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1016 EP 1019 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829660 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400037 ER PT J AU Kazkaz, K Aalseth, CE Hossbach, TW Gehman, VM Kephart, JD Miley, HS AF Kazkaz, K Aalseth, CE Hossbach, TW Gehman, VM Kephart, JD Miley, HS TI MEGA: A low-background radiation detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID DOUBLE-BETA-DECAY; GE-76; RU-100; MO-100; STATE AB The multiple-element gamma assay (MEGA) is a low-background detector designed to support environmental monitoring and national security applications. MEGA also demonstrates technology needed for Majorana, a next generation neutrino mass experiment. It will employ active and passive shielding to reduce backgrounds. It will also exploit multicoincidence signatures to identify specific radioactive isotopes. MEGA is expected to begin testing in late 2003 for eventual installation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Carlsbad, NM. C1 Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kazkaz, K (reprint author), Univ Washington, CENPA, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kareem@washington.edu; craig.aalseth@pnl.gov; todd.hossbach@pnl.gov; vmg@lanl.gov; jdkephar@unity.nesu.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1029 EP 1033 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829528 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400040 ER PT J AU Veith, GM Dudney, NJ AF Veith, GM Dudney, NJ TI Preparation of thin-film neutron converter foils for Imaging detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE boron films; gadolinium films; lithium films; neutron converter; neutron detectors; thin-film devices ID BORON; MULTILAYERS AB With the pending delivery of the new Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a new generation of highly efficient, position sensitive neutron detectors needs to be developed. One promising prospect for detector development has been the neutron imaging detector consisting of a conversion foil, which produce amongst other things alpha and gamma particles from incident neutrons, and a position sensitive charge particle detector. In order to understand the materials chemistry between layered converters as well as to maximize the production and transmission of the daughter products, we have prepared and characterized a series of thin-films from naturally occurring isotopes of the strong neutron absorbers lithium (Li), boron (B), and gadolinium, (Gd). The films have been created using a combination of sputtering and evaporation techniques. The composition of the resulting films have been investigated using EDS and RBS, while the interfacial mixing between the layers has been studied using a combination of RBS and SEM experiments. Experiments studying the aging of the detector films in the detector gas as well as alloying of Li and the film substrate, have also been undertaken and the results are reported here. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Veith, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM veithgm@ornl.gov; dudneynj@ornl.gov RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1034 EP 1038 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829366 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400041 ER PT J AU Kappler, S Bieser, F Kaminski, J Ledermann, B Muller, T Ronan, M Ropelewski, L Sauli, F Settles, R AF Kappler, S Bieser, F Kaminski, J Ledermann, B Muller, T Ronan, M Ropelewski, L Sauli, F Settles, R TI A GEM-TPC prototype with low-noise highly integrated front-end electronics for linear collider studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE gas electron multiplier (GEM); time projection chambers (TPC) AB Connected to the linear collider project, studies on the readout of time projection chambers (TPCs) based on the gas electron multiplier (GEM) are ongoing. Higher granularity and intrinsically suppressed ion feedback are the major advantages of this technology. After a short discussion of these issues, we present the design of a small and very flexible TPC prototype, whose cylindrical drift volume can be equipped with endcaps of different gas detector types. An endcap with multi-GEM readout is currently set up and successfully operated with a low-noise highly integrated front-end electronics. We discuss results of measurements with this system in high intensity particle beams at CERN, where 99.3 +/- 0.2 % single-pad-row efficiency could be achieved at an effective gain of 2.5 x 10(3) only, and spatial resolutions down to 63 +/- 3 mum could be demonstrated. Finally, these results are extrapolated to the high magnetic field in a linear collider TPC. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. RP Kappler, S (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, Kaiserstr 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM steffen.kappler@cem.ch NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1039 EP 1043 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829390 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400042 ER PT J AU Smith, LE Ellis, JE Valsan, AE Aalseth, CE Miley, HS AF Smith, LE Ellis, JE Valsan, AE Aalseth, CE Miley, HS TI A coincidence signature library for multicoincidence radionuclide analysis systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE gamma-ray spectroscopy; nuclear measurements; radiation signature libraries ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTRA AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, is currently developing multicoincidence systems to perform trace radionuclide analysis at or near the sample collection point for applications that include emergency response, nuclear forensics, and environmental monitoring. Quantifying radionuclide concentrations with these systems requires a library of accurate emission intensities for each detected signature, for all candidate radionuclides. While such data are readily available for single gamma-ray emissions, no signature library has been found for coincident emissions such as beta - gamma, gamma - gamma, or beta - gamma - gamma. To meet this need, a Coincidence Lookup Library (CLL) is being developed to calculate the emission intensities of coincident signatures from a user-specified radionuclide, or conversely, to determine the radionuclides that may be responsible for a specific detected coincident signature. The algorithms used to generate absolute emission intensities and various user interfaces for the developmental CLL are described. C1 Radiat & Nucl Phys Grp, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Elect Syst Grp, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Radiat & Nucl Phys Grp, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM eric.smith@pnl.gov; edward.ellis@pnl.gov; andrei.valsan@pnl.gov; craig.aalseth@pnl.gov; harry.miley@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1044 EP 1048 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829435 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400043 ER PT J AU Hollerman, WA Bergeron, NP Womack, FN Goedeke, SM Allison, SW AF Hollerman, WA Bergeron, NP Womack, FN Goedeke, SM Allison, SW TI Changes in half brightness dose due to preparation pressure for YAG : Ce SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE half brightness dose; fluorescence; phosphor; pressure; YAG : Ce ID PROTON-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; FLUOR MATERIALS; GARNET AB Previous research shows that certain properties, such as half brightness dose (N-1/2) and fluorescence intensity, depend on preparation pressure. Phosphor tablets composed of 50% cellulose and 50% yttrium aluminum garnet doped with cerium (YAG:Ce) powders, were created using a Carver press with an applied force of 78 kN. The average 3-MeV proton N-1/2 for the tablet samples was 11.6 and 36.6 times smaller than equivalent values for the paint and crystal forms of YAG:Ce, respectively. It is quite apparent that the application of a large preparation force damages some of the YAG:Ce grains which reduces the N-1/2. The fluorescence efficiency of the tablets was also less than that measured for the other forms of YAG:Ce. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hollerman, WA (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM hollerman@louisiana.edu; goedekesm@ornl.gov; allisonsm@ornl.gov RI Hollerman, William/F-5943-2011; OI Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1080 EP 1083 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829661 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400049 ER PT J AU Pozzi, SA Neal, JS Oberer, RB Mihalczo, JT AF Pozzi, SA Neal, JS Oberer, RB Mihalczo, JT TI Monte Carlo analysis of neutron detection with a BaF2 scintillation detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE barium flouride; californium; neutron detection; scintillation detector AB This work presents the results of investigations aimed at simulating the response of a barium fluoride (BaF2) detector to neutrons and photons. The simulations are performed with the MCNP-PoliMi code, a modification of MCNP-4C. The simulation results are compared to time-of-flight measurements performed with the nuclear materials identification system (NMIS). In particular, the neutron detection capabilities of the BaF2 scintillator are analyzed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. BWXT, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pozzi, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pozzisa@ornl.gov; nealjsl@oml.gov; obererrb@yl2.doe.gov; mjhalczojt@ornl.gov RI Neal, John/R-8203-2016 OI Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1088 EP 1090 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829446 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400051 ER PT J AU Tindall, CS Amman, M Luke, PN AF Tindall, CS Amman, M Luke, PN TI Large-area Si(Li) orthogonal-strip detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE AB Segmented lithium drifted silicon detectors are being developed for use in large Compton cameras and for medical imaging. We have successfully fabricated 3.5 mm thick crossed-strip detectors with active areas of 40 x 40 mm(2) with a 2 nun strip pitch. These detectors utilize new contact technology consisting of a boron implanted p-type contact and an amorphous silicon (alpha-Si) n-type contact. Good energy resolution and excellent strip separation was obtained from both contacts at relatively high operating temperatures. An energy resolution of 2.1 keV FWHM at 122 keV was obtained for the alpha-Sistrip at temperatures up to 200 K and for the boron strip at temperatures up to 240 K. Measurements of the charge sharing between the strips were also performed. When the detector was flood illuminated with 60 keV gamma-rays, a small signal deficit was observed for events in which the signal was shared between two adjacent strips. The amount of deficit depended on the contact type, strip geometry and the operating temperature. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tindall, CS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CSTindall@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1140 EP 1143 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829382 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400060 ER PT J AU Cancelo, G Gottschalk, E Pavlicek, V Wang, M Wu, J AF Cancelo, G Gottschalk, E Pavlicek, V Wang, M Wu, J TI Failure related dataflow dynamics in a highly parallel processor for L1 triggering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE AB This paper studies how processor failures affect the dataflow of the Level 1 Trigger in the BTeV experiment proposed to run at Fermilab's Tevatron. The failure analysis is crucial for a system with over 2500 processing nodes and a number of storage units and communication links of the same order of magnitude. This paper is based on models of the L1 Trigger architecture and shows the dynamics of the architecture's dataflow. The dataflow analysis provides insight into how system variables are affected by single component failures and provides key information to the implementation of error recovery strategies. The analysis includes both short-term failures from which the system can recover quickly and long-term failures which imply a more drastic error-recovery strategy. The modeling results are supported by behavioral simulations of the Ll Trigger processing BTeV's GEANT Monte Carlo data. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cancelo, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM cancelo@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1158 EP 1162 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829653 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400063 ER PT J AU Bell, ZW Pohl, KR van den Berg, L AF Bell, ZW Pohl, KR van den Berg, L TI Neutron detection with mercuric iodide SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE ID HG-200 AB Mercuric iodide is a high-density high-Z semiconducting material useful for gamma ray detection. This makes it convertible to a thermal neutron detector by covering it with a boron-rich material and detecting the 478-keV gamma rays resulting from the B-10(n, alpha)Li-7* reaction. However, the 374 barn thermal capture cross section of n Hg-nat, makes the detector itself an attractive absorber, and this has been exploited previously. Since previous work indicates that there are no low-energy gamma rays emitted in coincidence with the 368-keV capture gamma from the dominant Hg-199(n, gamma)(200) Hg reaction, only the 368-keV capture gamma is seen with any efficiency with a relatively thin (few millimeter) detector. In this paper, we report measurements of neutrons via capture reactions in a bare mercuric iodide crystal and a crystal covered in B-10-loaded epoxy. The covered detector is an improvement over the bare detector because the presence of both the 478- and 368-keV gamma rays removes the ambiguity associated with the observation of only one of them. Pulse height spectra, obtained with and without lead and cadmium absorbers, showed the expected gamma rays and demonstrated that they were caused by neutrons. C1 Constellat Technol Corp, Largo, FL 33773 USA. RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bellzw@y12.doe.gov; pohl@contech.com; lvdberg@contech.com OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1163 EP 1165 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829651 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400064 ER PT J AU Mengesha, W Aalseth, CE Barnett, DS Bliss, M Schaefer, C AF Mengesha, W Aalseth, CE Barnett, DS Bliss, M Schaefer, C TI Pulse shape analysis for electron mobility study in cadmium zinc telluride gamma-ray detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE cadmium zinc telluride detectors (CZT); digital gamma finder (DGF-4C); electron mobility; pulse shape processing AB A pulse shape analysis technique was implemented to determine the electron mobility mu(e), and the electron mobility lifetime product mu(e)tau(e) in cadmium zinc telluride detectors (CZT). The digital gamma finder (DGF-4C) a single-width CAMAC module produced by X-Ray Instrumentation Associates (XIA), was used to extract pulse height, pulse shape, and signal rise time information. Data analyses using the extracted information allowed measuring the mu(e), and mu(e)tau(e), in selected CZT samples. An almost linear relationship was observed for the signal rise time as a function of the inverse bias. This observed linear relationship was the basis for determination of p. using a simple linear fit. The measured signal amplitude was also used to determine mu(e)tau(e) using the Hecht formulation. Repeated measurements confirmed the consistency of the method in determining mu(e) and muetau(e). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mengesha, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Wondwosen.Mengesha@pnl.gov; Craig.Aalseth@pnl.gov; debra.bamett@pnl.gov; mary.bliss@pni.gov; CJSchaefer@ou.edu RI Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1166 EP 1171 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829650 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400065 ER PT J AU Cui, Y Groza, M Burger, A James, RB AF Cui, Y Groza, M Burger, A James, RB TI Effects of surface processing on the performance of Cd1-xZnxTe radiation detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE CZT; dc photocurrent; radiation detector; surface processing ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; CDZNTE; CDTE AB The effects of polishing on the electron mobility-lifetime product of a detector-grade Cd (1-x) ZnxTe (CZT) crystal is reported. The two surfaces of the crystal were deposited with An layers and illuminated with subband light. A direct current. (dc) photocurrent technique was used to measure the electron mobility-lifetime product as a function of the illuminating power. The measured dependence of the electron mobility-lifetime product on the photogenerated electron concentration was highly affected by the condition of the irradiated surface. This discovery has important implications for processing of CZT surfaces for radiation detector applications. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cui, Y (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM ycui@fisk.edu NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1172 EP 1175 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829654 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400066 ER PT J AU Manfredi, PF Re, V AF Manfredi, PF Re, V TI Trends in the design of spectroscopy amplifiers for room temperature solid state detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE front-end electronics; JFET; MOSFET; noise ID CHARGE SENSITIVE PREAMPLIFIER; FRONT-END ELECTRONICS; STRIP DETECTORS; DRAIN FEEDBACK; X-RAY; JFET; TRANSISTORS; TECHNOLOGY; JUNCTION; READOUT AB This paper discusses the present trends in the design of low-noise front-end systems for room temperature semiconductor detectors. The technological advancement provided by submicron CMOS and BiCMOS processes is examined from several points of view. The noise performances are a fundamental issue in most detector applications and suitable attention is devoted to them for the purpose of judging whether or not the present processes supersede the solutions featuring a field-effect transistor as a front-end element. However, other considerations are also important in judging how well a monolithic technology suits the front-end design. Among them, the way a technology lends itself to the realization of additional functions, for instance, the charge reset in a charge-sensitive loop or the time-variant filters featuring the special weighting functions that may be requested in some applications of CdTe or CZT detectors. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, I-24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy. RP Manfredi, PF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pfmanfredi@lbl.gov; valerio.re@unibg.it OI Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1182 EP 1190 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829539 PN 3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400068 ER PT J AU Luke, PN Amman, M Lee, JS AF Luke, PN Amman, M Lee, JS TI Factors affecting energy resolution of coplanar-grid CdZnTe detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE CdZnTe; coplanar-grid; gamma-ray detector AB Coplanar-grid CdZnTe detectors have been under development for the past ten years as room-temperature gamma-ray spectrometers and are being produced for use in a number of applications. Despite the improvements in detector active volume and spectral response that have been achieved with the coplanar-grid technique, the full potential of such detectors is still far from being realized. There exists a number of material, device, and electronics factors that limit detector performance and yield. Some of the major factors are identified and examined in terms of their origins and the magnitude of their effects on energy resolution. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luke, PN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnluke@lbl.gov; Mark-Amman@lbl.gov; Julie-Lee@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1199 EP 1203 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829441 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OI UT WOS:000222644400070 ER PT J AU Bolotnikov, A Bolozdynya, A DeVito, R Richards, J AF Bolotnikov, A Bolozdynya, A DeVito, R Richards, J TI Dual-anode high-pressure xenon cylindrical ionization chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Frisch-grid; gamma rays; ionization chamber; spectrometer; Xenon ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; GAMMA-RADIATION; CHARGE; SPECTROMETER; COLLECTION; DETECTOR; GAS AB A new approach to the design of high-pressure xenon cylindrical ionization chambers is investigated. In the new approach, a dual anode is used to replace the single anode surrounded by a shielding-grid, which are employed in a conventional design. Two anode wires are stretched near the axis of the 30 cm long cylindrical chamber with a 9 cm diameter cathode. Both the wires are kept at the same (nearly zero) potential and are dc-coupled to the charge-sensitive preamplifiers. For most cases, only one of the wires (it can be either one) collects the electrons produced by. an ionizing event. The difference between the signals read out from the wires is proportional to the total produced charge. The experimental results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations. The optimal design of the dual-anode cylindrical ionization chamber is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Constellat Technol Corp, Largo, FL 33777 USA. RP Bolotnikov, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bolotnik@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1262 EP 1269 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.829369 PN 4 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837OL UT WOS:000222644700002 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, S Booske, JH Kory, CL van der Weide, DW Limbach, S Gallagher, S Welter, JD Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, RM Ives, RL Read, ME Divan, R Mancini, DC AF Bhattacharjee, S Booske, JH Kory, CL van der Weide, DW Limbach, S Gallagher, S Welter, JD Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, RM Ives, RL Read, ME Divan, R Mancini, DC TI Folded waveguide traveling-wave tube sources for Terahertz radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE delayed feedback oscillator; folded waveguide (FWG) traveling-wave tube (TWT); frequency spectrum; high power; microfabrication; phase; Terahertz radiation; wide-band ID DEVICES AB Microfabricated folded waveguide traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) are potential compact sources of wide-band, high-power terahertz radiation. We present feasibility studies of an oscillator concept using an amplifier with delayed feedback. Simulations of a 560-GHz oscillator and experimental evaluation of the concept at 50 GHz are presented. Additionally, results from various fabrication methods that are under investigation, such as X-ray lithography, electroforming, and molding (LIGA), UV LIGA, and deep reactive ion etching are presented. Observations and measurements are reported on the generation of stable single-frequency oscillation states. On varying the feedback level the oscillation changes from a stable single-frequency state at the threshold to multifrequency spectra in the overdriven state. Simulation and experimental results on amplifier characterization and dynamics of the regenerative TWT oscillator include spectral evolution and phase stability of the generated frequencies. The results of the experiment are in good agreement with the simulations. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Analex Corp, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Calabazas Creek Res Inc, Saratoga, CA 95070 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sudeepb@ece.wise.edu RI Bhattacharjee, Sudeep/C-7085-2014 OI Bhattacharjee, Sudeep/0000-0002-5369-9818 NR 32 TC 132 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1002 EP 1014 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828886 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600022 ER PT J AU Chang, CL Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Levush, B Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ Whaley, DR AF Chang, CL Antonsen, TM Chernin, DP Levush, B Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ Whaley, DR TI Calculation of DC space-charge fields in a traveling-wave amplifier in the large signal regime SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron beams; iterative methods; numerical analysis; numerical stability; simulation software; space charge; traveling-wave amplifiers; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) AB A fully two-dimensional (2-D) dc space charge model has been implemented in a large-signal traveling-wave amplifier code. The simulation algorithm takes an iterative approach by alternately solving the Poisson equation and the beam trajectory equations to converge toward a self-consistent steady-state solution. This approach is similar to that employed in steady-state gun codes. However, it is well known from gun simulations that the iterative algorithm can be slow to converge. We have found the slow convergence is due to a convective numerical instability. To speed up convergence, we implemented and tested stabilization schemes based on mixing one-dimensional and 2-D Poisson potentials during the iteration cycles. These schemes are shown to accelerate convergence considerably. The fully 2-D dc space-charge model permits accurate treatment of the axial dc space-charge field in the computation of the large signal gain and efficiency, taking into account the fast variation of beam parameters along the device axis. Therefore, it can be applied to a mismatched beam with large scalloping motion. The methodology of incorporating dc space charge is general and could be incorporated in other large signal codes. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22012 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn & Elect, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. L3 Commun Corp, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Chang, CL (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22012 USA. EM changc@saic.com RI Antonsen, Thomas/D-8791-2017 OI Antonsen, Thomas/0000-0002-2362-2430 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1028 EP 1039 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.827610 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600024 ER PT J AU Wohlbier, JG Booske, JH Dobson, I AF Wohlbier, JG Booske, JH Dobson, I TI On the physics of harmonic injection in a traveling wave tube SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE harmonic injection; intermodulation; traveling wave tube (TWT) ID AMPLIFIER; HELIX AB The physics of signal injection to shape the output spectrum in a traveling wave tube (TWT) is studied using an analytic solution to the approximate nonlinear S-MUSE model and with the large signal code LATTE. The results verify the long-standing conjecture that a frequency canceled by signal injection is composed of a component due to the injected signal and a component due to the nonlinearity of the TWT. Furthermore, the structures of the solutions are exploited to explain and predict behavior for various signal injection schemes. The scenarios studied include second harmonic injection to reduce the second harmonic and enhance the fundamental, multiple harmonic injection to eliminate the sensitive output power dependence on injected phase, second harmonic injection to reduce intermodulation distortion, and multiple signal injection to reduce the intermodulation spectrum. Insights are given regarding the effectiveness of an injection depending on whether the injected signal is within or outside the linear gain bandwidth of the TWT. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wohlbier, JG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wohlbier@lanl.aov; booske@engr.wisc.edu RI Dobson, Ian/C-3989-2008 OI Dobson, Ian/0000-0001-7018-5475 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1073 EP 1085 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828820 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600029 ER PT J AU Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, M Jones, MC White, WM Jordan, DW Johnston, MD Strickler, TS Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Spencer, TA Haworth, MD Cartwright, KL Mardahl, PJ Luginsland, JW Price, D AF Lopez, MR Gilgenbach, M Jones, MC White, WM Jordan, DW Johnston, MD Strickler, TS Neculaes, VB Lau, YY Spencer, TA Haworth, MD Cartwright, KL Mardahl, PJ Luginsland, JW Price, D TI Relativistic magnetron driven by a microsecond e-beam accelerator with a ceramic insulator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-power microwaves; magnetron; pulse shortening; RF breakdown ID ISX-B TOKAMAK; FREQUENCY; CATHODE; OPERATION; BAND AB Relativistic magnetron experiments performed on a six-cavity device have generated over 300 MW total microwave power near 1 GHz. These experiments were driven by the long-pulse electron beam from an accelerator with parameters as follows: voltage of -300 kV, current of 1-10 kA, and typical pulse-length of 0.5 mus. This paper reports investigations of high-power microwave generation, mode competition, and pulse shortening for the relativistic magnetron with a ceramic insulator compared to a plastic insulator. The ceramic insulator improves the vacuum by a factor of ten (to 10(-7) torr range) and flattens the voltage of the accelerator. Relativistic magnetron performance with the ceramic insulator shows increased microwave power and pulselength over the plastic insulator. Effects of RF breakdown in the extraction waveguide on peak microwave power and pulselength are also investigated by utilizing SF6 in one or both of the extraction waveguides. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Intense Energy Beam Interact Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87177 USA. Numerex, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Titan Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. RP Lopez, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rongilg@umich.edu NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1171 EP 1180 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828898 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600039 ER PT J AU Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ AF Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ TI An analysis of the basic space-charge-limited emission algorithm in a finite-element electrostatic gun code SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE convergence of numerical methods; electron gun codes; finite-element methods; space-charge-limited (SCL) emission AB Beam currents computed with a general-purpose gun code can exhibit puzzling behavior as the mesh is refined. To understand such behavior, we analyze the convergence, with respect to element size, of the basic space-charge-limited (SCL) emission algorithm in a one-dimensional (1-D) finite-element electrostatic gun model. With the current density fixed at the Child's law value, we rind that the relative error of the potential at the first vertex adjacent to the cathode does not converge to zero, but rather increases as the mesh is refined. Convergence of the basic SCL emission algorithm, which depends on said error, is due instead to the increasing sensitivity of the potential to the current density. The current density converges slowly from above to the Child's law value, with a maximum error of 2.7% and ultimately with a sublinear convergence rate of 2/3. Tests on a three-dimensional parallel plate geometry with unstructured meshes of tetrahedral elements demonstrate that insight from the 1-D model applies to a general-purpose code. The behavior is similar to the 1-D model, but with a maximum error of 4.3%. Thus, using an unstructured mesh instead of a smooth structured mesh introduces only a modest additional error to the beam current. Based on the analysis of the 1-D model, we present two scaled SCL emission algorithms. The first exhibits linear convergence from below. The second limits the maximum error to 0.9%. Similar scalings can be employed in general-purpose gun codes to improve the accuracy of the computed beam current. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Nelson, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM enelson@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1223 EP 1235 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.828796 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600046 ER PT J AU Shiffler, DA Luginsland, J Ruebush, M LaCour, M Golby, K Cartwright, K Haworth, M Spencer, T AF Shiffler, DA Luginsland, J Ruebush, M LaCour, M Golby, K Cartwright, K Haworth, M Spencer, T TI Emission uniformity and shot-to-shot variation in cold field emission cathodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cold cathode tubes; electron beams; microwave tubes ID CARBON-FIBER CATHODES AB High-power microwave tubes require currents and voltages generally in excess of 1 kA and 100 kV. In the past, these system requirements led to the use of single shot machines, with repetition rates well under 1 Hz. With advances in pulsed power, the Air Force Research Laboratory recently began to investigate the performance of field emission diodes at repetition rate operation. Greater numbers of shots allowed better accuracy in measurements and the application of better statistics to experimental data. In this paper, we report on new measurements that, with better experimental accuracy, show the statistical correlation between emission uniformity and the shot-to-shot variation in diode current. We report on a comparison to particle-in-cell simulations. These comparisons show the importance of randomly occurring nonemission regions on the cathode surface in dictating the spread in current data. These results imply that uniformity, in addition to playing an important role in any electron interaction with radiation, also affects the current stability for any device using these cathodes. Finally, these experiments show that for repetition rate machines, shot-to-shot variation quantified in terms of Gaussian distributions characterized by a standard deviation and skewness, provide a diagnostic capable of inferring beam uniformity in situations where direct uniformity diagnostics prove extremely difficult or impractical. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shiffler, DA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Don.Shiffler@kirtland.af.mil; mdruebu@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 32 IS 3 BP 1262 EP 1266 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.827608 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844UR UT WOS:000223186600050 ER PT J AU Shendell, DG Winer, AM Weker, R Colome, SD AF Shendell, DG Winer, AM Weker, R Colome, SD TI Evidence of inadequate ventilation in portable classrooms: results of a pilot study in Los Angeles County SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE schools; portable classrooms; ventilation; air exchange rate; thermal comfort ID INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; RATES AB The prevalence of prefabricated, portable classrooms (portables) for United States public schools has increased; in California, approximately one of three students learn inside portables. Limited research has been conducted on indoor air and environmental quality in American schools, and almost none in portables. Available reports and conference proceedings suggest problems from insufficient ventilation due to poor design, operation, and/or maintenance of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems; most portables have one mechanical, wall-mounted HVAC system. A pilot assessment was conducted in Los Angeles County, including measurements of integrated ventilation rates based on a perfluorocarbon tracer gas technique and continuous monitoring of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). Measured ventilation rates were low [mean school day integrated average 0.8 per hour (range: 0.1-2.9 per hour)]. Compared with relevant standards, results suggested adequate ventilation and associated conditioning of indoor air for occupant comfort were not always provided to these classrooms. Future school studies should include integrated and continuous measurements of T, RH, and ventilation with appropriate tracer gas methods, and other airflow measures. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, IED EETD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Integrated Environm Sci, Irvine, CA USA. RP Shendell, DG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, IED EETD, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dgshendell@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 3 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00235.x PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 824EP UT WOS:000221669000003 PM 15104781 ER PT J AU Greenberg, HJ Hart, WE Lancia, G AF Greenberg, HJ Hart, WE Lancia, G TI Opportunities for combinatorial optimization in computational biology SO INFORMS JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE computational biology; combinatorial optimization; global optimization; integer programming; minimum energy; bioinformatics; molecular structure prediction; protein folding; protein alignment; rearrangements; assembly; sequence alignment; SNP; sorting by reversals ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; GENETIC ALGORITHM; APPROXIMATION ALGORITHMS; SORTING PERMUTATIONS; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; SIGNED PERMUTATIONS; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; REVERSALS; GENOME; LATTICE AB This is a survey designed for mathematical programming people who do not know molecular biology and want to learn the kinds of combinatorial optimization problems that arise. After a brief introduction to the biology, we present optimization models pertaining to sequencing, evolutionary explanations, structure prediction, and recognition. Additional biology is given in the context of the problems, including some motivation for disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Open problems are cited with an extensive bibliography, and we offer a guide to getting started in this exciting frontier. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Math, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Udine, Dept Matemat & Informat, I-33100 Udine, Italy. RP Greenberg, HJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Math, POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM harvey.greenberg@cudenver.edu; wehart@sandia.gov; lancia@dimi.uniud.it NR 87 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 1091-9856 J9 INFORMS J COMPUT JI INFORMS J. Comput. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 16 IS 3 BP 211 EP 231 DI 10.1287/ijoc.1040.0073 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 844UC UT WOS:000223185100002 ER PT J AU Chao, YJ Zhu, XK Kim, Y Lar, PS Pechersky, MJ Morgan, MJ AF Chao, YJ Zhu, XK Kim, Y Lar, PS Pechersky, MJ Morgan, MJ TI Characterization of crack-tip field and constraint for bending specimens under large-scale yielding SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE crack-tip field; fracture constraint; TPB; SENB; large-scale yielding ID LAW HARDENING MATERIAL; TRIAXIALITY PARAMETER; FRACTURE; TENSION; FAMILY AB Elastic-plastic crack-tip fields and constraint levels in bending specimens under large-scale yielding (LSY) are examined. The J-A(2) three-term solution is modified by introducing an additional term caused by the global bending. Three different methods, i.e. two-point matching, constant A(2) and elastic stress estimation method, are proposed to determine the fourth term. It is shown that the elastic stress estimation method is the simplest, yet effective, in that the fourth term can be derived from the strength theory of materials and the concept of plastic hinge, and effectively quantifies the contribution of the global bending moment on the crack-tip field. Consequently, the modified J-A(2) solution, with the inclusion of the correction for global bending, does not introduce any new parameter. The two parameters remain as the loading (J and M) and the constraint level (A(2)). To validate the present solution, detailed finite element analyses (FEA) were conducted for a Three Point Bend (TPB) specimen with a/W=0.59 in A285 steel, and Single Edge Notched Bend (SENB) specimen subjected to pure bending with a/W=0.5 in A533B steel at different deformation levels ranging from small-scale yielding (SSY) to LSY Results show that the modified J-A(2) Solution matches fairly well with the FEA results for both TPB and SENB specimens at all deformation levels considered. In addition, the fourth stress term is (a) proportional to the global bending moment and inversely proportional to the ligament length; (b) negligibly small under SSY; and (c) significantly large under LSY or fully plastic deformation. Accordingly, the present model effectively characterizes the crack-tip constraint for bending dominated specimens with or without the large influence from the global bending stress on the crack-tip field. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Chao, YJ (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM chao@sc.edu NR 25 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 3 BP 283 EP 302 DI 10.1023/B:FRAC.0000036849.12397.6c PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 851XN UT WOS:000223719900004 ER PT J AU Mahesh, S Phoenix, SL AF Mahesh, S Phoenix, SL TI Lifetime distributions for unidirectional fibrous composites under creep-rupture loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE creep rupture; Monte-Carlo simulations; probabilistic modeling; tough-brittle transition; unidirectional composites ID MECHANICAL BREAKDOWN; WEIBULL FIBERS; TIME DEPENDENCE; STRENGTH; MODEL; FAILURE; EVOLUTION; MATRIX; SIZE; STATISTICS AB Monte-Carlo simulations and theoretical modeling are used to study the statistical failure modes and associated lifetime distribution of unidirectional 2D and 3D fiber-matrix composites under constant load. Within the composite the fibers weaken over time and break randomly, and the matrix undergoes linear viscoelastic creep in shear. The statistics of fiber failure are governed by the breakdown model of Coleman (1958a), which embodies a Weibull hazard functional of fiber load history imparting power-law sensitivity to fiber load with exponent rho, and Weibull lifetime characteristics with shape parameter beta. The matrix has a power-law creep compliance in shear with exponent alpha. Fiber load redistribution at breaks is calculated using a shear-lag mechanics model, which is much more realistic than idealized rules based on equal, global or local load-sharing. The present study is concerned only with the 'avalanche' failure regime discussed by Curtin and Scher (1997) which occurs for sufficiently large rho, and whereby the composite lifetime distribution follows weakest-link scaling. The present Monte-Carlo failure simulations reveal two distinct failure modes within the avalanche regime: For larger rho, where fiber failure is very sensitive to load level, the weakest link volume fails in a 'brittle' manner by the gradual growth of a cluster of mostly contiguous fiber breaks, which then abruptly transitions into a catastrophic crack. For smaller rho, where this load sensitivity is much less, the weakest link volume shows 'tough' behavior, i.e., distributed damage in terms of random fiber failures until the failure of a critical volume and its catastrophic extension. The transition from brittle to tough failure mode for each rho within the avalanche regime is gradual and depends on the matrix creep exponent alpha and Weibull exponent beta. Also, as alpha increases above zero the sensitivity of median composite lifetime to load level increasingly deviates from power-law scaling known to occur in the elastic matrix case, alpha=0. By probabilistic modeling of the dominant failure modes in each regime we obtain distribution forms and various scalings for damage growth, and for carefully chosen sets of parameter values we analytically extend simulation results on small composites (limited by current computer power) to more realistic sizes. Our analytical strength distributions are applicable for rho>2 in 2D, and rhogreater than or similar to4 in 3D. The 2D bound coincides with the avalanche-percolation threshold derived by Curtin and Scher (1997) using entirely different arguments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mahesh, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mahesh@lanl.gov; slp6@cornell.edu NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 127 IS 4 BP 303 EP 360 DI 10.1023/B:FRAC.0000037675.72446.7c PG 58 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 854ID UT WOS:000223895400001 ER PT J AU Aubertine, CD Eaton, JK Song, S AF Aubertine, CD Eaton, JK Song, S TI Parameters controlling roughness effects in a separating boundary layer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena (TSFP-3) CY JUN 25-27, 2003 CL Sendai, JAPAN DE turbulent boundary layer; separation; roughness effects; Reynolds number effects ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SMOOTH-WALL; STRESS; FLOW AB The effects of wall roughness were examined experimentally for two different rough-wall cases involving flow over a ramp with separation and reattachment. For these cases, the roughness Reynolds number was matched at two different momentum thickness Reynolds numbers. Both flow conditions were fully rough. The effect of increasing the wall roughness was to increase the friction velocity and increase the separation region size. The two rough-wall cases produced different size separation regions and different friction velocity values. This shows that the roughness Reynolds number is not sufficient to characterise the roughness effects. Another parameter such as the ratio of the roughness height to the boundary layer thickness is also necessary. In both cases, the outer layer turbulence was mainly affected by the change in the friction velocity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aubertine, CD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM caubertine@stanford.edu; eaton@vonkarman.stanford.edu; ssong@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0142-727X J9 INT J HEAT FLUID FL JI Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow PD JUN PY 2004 VL 25 IS 3 SI SI BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2004.02.007 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 832QM UT WOS:000222282000013 ER PT J AU Deng, Y Glimm, J Davenport, JW Cai, X Santos, E AF Deng, Y Glimm, J Davenport, JW Cai, X Santos, E TI Performance models on QCDOC for molecular dynamics with Coulomb potentials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE parallel computing; molecular dynamics; ewald summation; timing estimates ID PARTICLE MESH EWALD; SYSTEMS; SIMULATIONS; PROTEIN; DOMAIN; SUMS AB We estimate that a novel architecture massively parallel computer, the QCDOC, can integrate molecular dynamics equations for 10(5) particles interacting via long-range forces (including Coulomb) for 1-10 mus of simulated time using several weeks of computing time using 8000 or 10,000 processors. This number of atoms is typical for biological molecules. The two main conclusions we reach are as follows. (1) This is an increase of more than one order of magnitude in simulated time over current simulations. (2) The novel architecture, with 24 parallel channels of low latency communication per processor, allows improved long-range communication and an unusual degree of fine-scale parallelism.' compared to conventional switch-based architectures. The technical heart of the paper is a detailed analysis of the computing time used in the Ewald method as a function of the required accuracy, the size of the molecular dynamics cell, and the hardware design parameters. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Data Intens Comp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Deng, Y (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. OI Deng, Yuefan/0000-0002-5224-3958 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1177/1094342004044010 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 827CD UT WOS:000221875100002 ER PT J AU Kerbyson, DJ Hoisie, A Pakin, S Petrini, F Wasserman, HJ AF Kerbyson, DJ Hoisie, A Pakin, S Petrini, F Wasserman, HJ TI A performance evaluation of an alpha EV7 processing node SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium of the Los-Alamos-Computer-Science-Institute CY OCT 13-16, 2002 CL Santa Fe, NM DE performance; analysis; high performance computing; memory performance; communication performance; application performance ID NETWORK AB In this paper we detail the performance of a new AlphaServer node containing 16 Alpha EV7 CPUs. The EV7 processor is based on the EV68 processor core that is used in terascale systems at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. The EV68 processor core is supplemented with six-way router circuitry that forms connections from the processor internals to four neighboring CPUs in a two-dimensional torus, to a I/O controller and to local memory. The performance evaluation presented in this paper considers memory hierarchy, intra-node MPI communication, and also the performance of a number of complete applications. The measurements are compared with those taken on existing AlphaServer machines. It is clear from our analysis that the superior application performance of the EV7 relative to a similarspeed EV68 is attributable to its excellent main memory bandwidth - over 4 GB/s. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Performance & Architectures Grp, Modeling Algorithms & Inormat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kerbyson, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Performance & Architectures Grp, Modeling Algorithms & Inormat Grp, CCS-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Pakin, Scott/0000-0002-5220-1985 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 18 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1177/1094342004039808 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 827CD UT WOS:000221875100004 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ AF Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ TI Imaging the addicted brain SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 24th CINP Congress CY JUN 20-24, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP CINP C1 NIDA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1461-1457 J9 INT J NEUROPSYCHOPH JI Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 7 SU 1 BP S65 EP S65 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 864WF UT WOS:000224663000245 ER PT J AU Gatti-Bono, C Perkins, NC AF Gatti-Bono, C Perkins, NC TI Numerical simulations of cable/seabed interaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE AND POLAR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference CY MAY 25-30, 2003 CL Honolulu, HI DE cable dynamics; elastica; towed cable; cable laying; seabed modeling ID DYNAMICS AB This paper contributes a method with which to model the interactions of low-tension cables with the seabed. The cable is modeled as an elastica, and it can support tension, torsion and 2-axis bending. It is subjected to hydrodynamic forces as well as self-weight, buoyancy and seabed contact. The seabed is modeled as an elastic foundation with linear damping and prescribed topology. A numerical algorithm is briefly described and then used to simulate cable laying. Several examples are studied, including a cable towed in deep water, dropped onto an uneven seabed, and finally towed across an uneven seabed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gatti-Bono, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC OFFSHORE POLAR ENGINEERS PI CUPERTINO PA PO BOX 189, CUPERTINO, CA 95015-0189 USA SN 1053-5381 J9 INT J OFFSHORE POLAR JI Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 14 IS 2 BP 118 EP 124 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 827UA UT WOS:000221925400007 ER PT J AU Swindeman, RW Santella, ML Maziasz, PJ Roberts, BW Coleman, K AF Swindeman, RW Santella, ML Maziasz, PJ Roberts, BW Coleman, K TI Issues in replacing Cr-Mo steels and stainless steels with 9Cr-1Mo-V steel SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Operating Pressure Equipment CY APR 02-04, 2003 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE 9Cr steel; ageing; corrosion; creep AB Issues are discussed that affect the development, installation, and operation of 9Cr-1Mo-V steel components in power boilers. Typical issues include chemistry effects, fabricability, weldability, fireside corrosion, steamside corrosion, aging, long-time creep, and damage accumulation. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Swindeman, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM swindemanrw@ornl.gov OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 23 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-0161 J9 INT J PRES VES PIP JI Int. J. Pressure Vessels Pip. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 81 IS 6 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.ijpvp.2003.12.009 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 837YV UT WOS:000222678300007 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Kamenev, DI Tsifrinovich, VI TI Analytic solutions for quantum logic gates and modeling pulse errors in a quantum computer with a Heisenberg interaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM INFORMATION LA English DT Article DE logical qubits; exchange interaction AB We analyze analytically and numerically quantum logic gates in a one-dimensional spin chain with Heisenberg interaction. Analytic solutions for basic one-qubit gates and swap gate are obtained for a quantum computer based on logical qubits. We calculated the errors caused by imperfect pulses which implement the quantum logic gates. It is numerically demonstrated that the probability error is proportional to epsilon(4), while the phase error is proportional to epsilon, where epsilon is the characteristic deviation from the perfect pulse duration. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Kamenev, DI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0219-7499 J9 INT J QUANTUM INF JI Int. J. Quantum Inf. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 2 IS 2 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1142/S0219749904000237 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 907LM UT WOS:000227719600002 ER PT J AU Lai, B Maser, J Vogt, S Paunesku, T Woloschak, GE AF Lai, B. Maser, J. Vogt, S. Paunesku, T. Woloschak, G. E. TI Workshop on Biological Applications of X- ray Microscopy and Imaging Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, 28-29 April 2003 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lai, B.; Maser, J.; Vogt, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, J.; Paunesku, T.; Woloschak, G. E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiol, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM g-woloschak@northwestren.edu RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017; OI Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 EI 1362-3095 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 80 IS 6 BP 459 EP 461 DI 10.1080/09553000410001703246 PG 3 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA V44UX UT WOS:000209775000001 PM 15362699 ER PT J AU Panofsky, WKH AF Panofsky, WKH TI New roles for nuclear weapons SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Panofsky, WKH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM pief@slac.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 839XX UT WOS:000222819400006 ER PT J AU Happer, W AF Happer, W TI Deterring nuclear terrorists SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Off Energy, US Dept Energy, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Happer, W (reprint author), Off Energy, US Dept Energy, Princeton, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 839XX UT WOS:000222819400008 ER PT J AU Garman, DK AF Garman, DK TI How soon for hydrogen? SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Garman, DK (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 839XX UT WOS:000222819400011 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, DJ AF Wesolowski, DJ TI How soon for hydrogen? SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wesolowski, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wesolowskid@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 839XX UT WOS:000222819400014 ER PT J AU Richter, B AF Richter, B TI Federal R&D funding SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Richter, B (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM brichter@slac.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 839XX UT WOS:000222819400017 ER PT J AU Sauter, NK Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD AF Sauter, NK Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Adams, PD TI Robust indexing for automatic data collection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID RAY-DIFFRACTION DATA; UNIT CELLS; ALGORITHMS; SOFTWARE; SYSTEM AB Improved methods for indexing diffraction patterns from macromolecular crystals are presented. The novel procedures include a more robust way to verify the position of the incident X-ray beam on the detector, an algorithm to verify that the deduced lattice basis is consistent with the observations, and an alternative approach to identify the metric symmetry of the lattice. These methods help to correct failures commonly experienced during indexing, and increase the overall success rate of the process. Rapid indexing, without the need for visual inspection, will play an important role as beamlines at synchrotron sources prepare for high-throughput automation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sauter, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys Biosci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 4R0230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nksauter@lbl.gov RI Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062412] NR 28 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 37 BP 399 EP 409 DI 10.1107/S0021889804005874 PN 3 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 820IM UT WOS:000221381500007 PM 20090869 ER PT J AU Stoica, AD Popovici, M Wang, XL Wang, DQ Hubbard, CR AF Stoica, AD Popovici, M Wang, XL Wang, DQ Hubbard, CR TI Neutron imaging with bent perfect crystals. II. Practical multi-wafer approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; 3-AXIS SPECTROMETERS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION; OPTICS; MONOCHROMATORS; POSITION AB In a previous paper [Stoica, Popovici & Hubbard (2001), J. Appl. Cryst. 34, 343 - 357], the phase-space analysis of neutron imaging by Bragg reflection from thick bent perfect crystals or multi-wafer assemblies resulted in the derivation of various imaging conditions. An array of new applications becomes possible, including dispersive and non-dispersive neutron imaging at a sub-millimetre spatial resolution. This paper outlines the experimental test results on nondispersive imaging with thick packets of silicon wafers. The experimental results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoica, AD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM stoicaad@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Stoica, Alexandru/K-3614-2013 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Stoica, Alexandru/0000-0001-5118-0134 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 37 BP 426 EP 437 DI 10.1107/S0021889804008374 PN 3 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 820IM UT WOS:000221381500010 ER PT J AU Lovelace, JJ Soares, AS Bellamy, HD Sweet, RM Snell, EH Borgstahl, GEO AF Lovelace, JJ Soares, AS Bellamy, HD Sweet, RM Snell, EH Borgstahl, GEO TI First results of digital topography applied to macromolecular crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY TOPOGRAPHY; TETRAGONAL LYSOZYME; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; PERFECTION AB An inexpensive digital CCD camera was used to record X-ray topographs directly from large imperfect crystals of cubic insulin. The topographs recorded were not as detailed as those which can be measured with film or emulsion plates, but do show great promise. Six reflections were recorded using a set of finely spaced stills encompassing the rocking curve of each reflection. A complete topographic reflection profile could be digitally imaged in minutes. Interesting and complex internal structure was observed by this technique. The CCD chip used in the camera has anti-blooming circuitry and produced good data quality, even when pixels became overloaded. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CAMD LSU, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NASA Lab Struct Biol, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Borgstahl, GEO (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Eppley Inst Res Canc, 987696 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. EM gborgstahl@unmc.edu RI Soares, Alexei/F-4800-2014 OI Soares, Alexei/0000-0002-6565-8503 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 37 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1107/S0021889804004303 PN 3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 820IM UT WOS:000221381500018 ER PT J AU Ewing, RC Weber, WJ Lian, J AF Ewing, RC Weber, WJ Lian, J TI Nuclear waste disposal-pyrochlore (A(2)B(2)O(7)): Nuclear waste form for the immobilization of plutonium and "minor" actinides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; PU-SUBSTITUTED ZIRCONOLITE; EXCESS WEAPONS PLUTONIUM; OXYGEN VACANCY MIGRATION; SELF-RADIATION DAMAGE; ALPHA-DECAY DAMAGE; ION IRRADIATION; GROUP MINERALS; PU-238-SUBSTITUTED ZIRCONOLITE; GEOCHEMICAL ALTERATION AB During the past half-century, the nuclear fuel cycle has generated approximately 1400 metric tons of plutonium and substantial quantities of the "minor" actinides, such as Np, Am, and Cm. The successful disposition of these actinides has an important impact on the strategy for developing advanced nuclear fuel cycles, weapons proliferation, and the geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste. During the last decade, there has been substantial interest in the use of the isometric pyrochlore structure-type, A(2)B(2)O(7), for the immobilization of actinides. Most of the interest has focused on titanate-pyrochlore because of its chemical durability; however, these compositions experience a radiation-induced transition from the crystalline-to-aperiodic state due to radiation damage from the alpha-decay of actinides. Depending on the actinide concentration, the titanate pyrochlore will become amorphous in less than 1000 years of storage. Recently, systematic ion beam irradiations of a variety of pyrochlore compositions has revealed that many zirconate pyrochlores do not become amorphous, but remain crystalline as a defect fluorite structure-type due to disordering of the A- and B-site cations. The zirconate pyrochlores will remain crystalline even to very high doses, greater than 100 displacements per atom. Systematic experimental studies of actinide-doped and ion beam-irradiated pyrochlore, analyses of natural U- and Th-bearing pyrochlore, and simulations of the energetics of the disordering process now provide a rather detailed understanding of the structural and chemical controls on the response of pyrochlore to radiation. These results provide a solid basis for predicting the behavior and durability of pyrochlore used to immobilize plutonium. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rodewing@umich.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 178 TC 489 Z9 498 U1 19 U2 177 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 5949 EP 5971 DI 10.1063/1.1707213 PN 1 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824AZ UT WOS:000221657300001 ER PT J AU Schelling, PK Phillpot, SR Keblinski, P AF Schelling, PK Phillpot, SR Keblinski, P TI Kapitza conductance and phonon scattering at grain boundaries by simulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HEAT-FLOW; RESISTANCE; LATTICES; SILICON; FILMS AB We use a nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics method to compute the Kapitza resistance of three twist grain boundaries in silicon, which we find to increase significantly with increasing grain boundary energy, i.e., with increasing structural disorder at the grain boundary. The origin of this Kapitza resistance is analyzed directly by studying the scattering of packets of lattice vibrations of well-defined polarization and frequency from the grain boundaries. We find that scattering depends strongly on the wavelength of the incident wave packet. In the case of a high-energy grain boundary, the scattering approaches the prediction of the diffuse mismatch theory at high frequencies, i.e., as the wavelength becomes comparable to the lattice parameter of the bulk crystal. We discuss the implications of our results in terms of developing a general model of scattering probabilities that can be applied to mesoscale models of heat transport in polycrystalline systems. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pschell@mail.ucf.edu RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 20 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6082 EP 6091 DI 10.1063/1.1702100 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824AZ UT WOS:000221657300019 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Shan, W Wu, J Beeman, JW Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Becla, P AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Shan, W Wu, J Beeman, JW Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Becla, P TI Synthesis and optical properties of II-O-VI highly mismatched alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID N ION-IMPLANTATION; THIN-FILMS; BAND-GAP; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; MUTUAL PASSIVATION; SOLAR-CELLS; NITROGEN; EFFICIENCY; TRANSITIONS; INNXP1-X AB We have synthesized ternary and quaternary diluted II-VI oxides using the combination of O ion implantation and pulsed laser melting. CdOxTe1-x thin films with x up to 0.015, and the energy gap reduced by 150 meV were formed by O+-implantation in CdTe followed by pulsed laser melting. Quaternary Cd0.6Mn0.4OxTe1-x and Zn0.88Mn0.12OxTe1-x with mole fraction of incorporated O as high as 0.03 were also formed. The enhanced O incorporation in Mn-containing alloys is believed to be due to the formation of relatively strong Mn-O bonds. Optical transitions associated with the lower (E-) and upper (E+) conduction subbands resulting from the anticrossing interaction between the localized O states and the extended conduction states of the host are clearly observed in these quaternary diluted II-VI oxides. These alloys fulfill the criteria for a multiband semiconductor that has been proposed as a material for making high efficiency, single-junction solar cells. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6232 EP 6238 DI 10.1063/1.1713021 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824AZ UT WOS:000221657300040 ER PT J AU Li, YL Chen, LQ Asayama, G Schlom, DG Zurbuchen, MA Streiffer, SK AF Li, YL Chen, LQ Asayama, G Schlom, DG Zurbuchen, MA Streiffer, SK TI Ferroelectric domain structures in SrBi2Nb2O9 epitaxial thin films: Electron microscopy and phase-field simulations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; SRBI2TA2O9 FILMS; BISMUTH TITANATE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; 110 SRTIO3; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; BI4TI3O12; EVOLUTION; DEFECTS AB Ferroelectric domain structures of (001)SrBi2Nb2O9 epitaxial films, investigated using both transmission electron microscopy and phase-field simulations, are reported. Experiment and numerical simulation both reveal that the domain structures consist of irregularly shaped domains with curved domain walls. It is shown that the elastic contribution to domain structures can be neglected in SrBi2Nb2O9 due to its small ferroelastic distortion, less than 0.0018%. Two-beam dark-field imaging using reflections unique to domains of each of the two 90degrees polarization axes reveal the domain structure. Phase-field simulation is based on the elastic and electrostatic solutions obtained for thin films under different mechanical and electric boundary conditions. The effects of ferroelastic distortion and dielectric constant on ferroelectric domains are systematically analyzed. It is demonstrated that electrostatic interactions which favor straight domain walls are not sufficient to overcome the domain wall energy which favors curved domains in SrBi2Nb2O9. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM yil1@psu.edu RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Zurbuchen, Mark/H-1664-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Zurbuchen, Mark/0000-0002-8947-6309; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6332 EP 6340 DI 10.1063/1.1707211 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824AZ UT WOS:000221657300056 ER PT J AU Lang, JC Lee, DR Haskel, D Srajer, G AF Lang, JC Lee, DR Haskel, D Srajer, G TI Imaging spiral magnetic domains in Ho metal using circularly polarized Bragg diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID X-RAY SCATTERING; EXCHANGE SCATTERING; HOLMIUM; DEPENDENCE AB We have used circularly polarized x rays to image the spiral magnetic domain structure in a single crystal of Ho metal. In these structures, the magnetization direction rotates between successive atomic layers forming a helix. At magnetic Bragg diffraction peaks, circularly polarized x rays are sensitive to the handedness of such a helix (i.e., either right or left handed). By reversing the helicity of the incident beam with phase-retarding optics and measuring the difference in the Bragg scattering, contrast between domains of opposing handedness can be obtained. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lang, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6537 EP 6539 DI 10.1063/1.1688252 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900010 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Park, S Falco, CM AF Shaw, JM Park, S Falco, CM TI Structure and spin dynamics of annealed buried ultra-thin Fe layers on GaAs(001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; FILMS; GAAS; BRILLOUIN; EVOLUTION AB We used Brillouin light scattering (BLS) to study spin dynamics in annealed ultra-thin (0.4-2.0 nm) Fe layers buried by 6.0-8.0 nm of Al. All samples reported here were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001). We correlated our BLS results with film structure obtained from reflection high energy electron diffraction low angle x-ray reflectometry, and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. Our results find that annealing of room temperature deposited Fe layers to 300 degreesC has a significant effect on both the magnetic properties and surface structure of the Fe. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6552 EP 6554 DI 10.1063/1.1682891 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900015 ER PT J AU Nicholson, DMC Kisner, RA Ludtka, GM Sparks, CJ Petit, L Jaramillo, R Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G Wilgen, JB Sheikh-Ali, A Kalu, PN AF Nicholson, DMC Kisner, RA Ludtka, GM Sparks, CJ Petit, L Jaramillo, R Mackiewicz-Ludtka, G Wilgen, JB Sheikh-Ali, A Kalu, PN TI The effect of high magnetic field on phase stability in Fe-Ni SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID ALLOYS AB Identically prepared samples of Fe0.85Ni0.15 were annealed either in the ambient magnetic field or in a field of 29 T. Room temperature x-ray powder diffraction measurements that were performed after magnetic annealing showed that the ratio of the volume of the gamma to alpha phase is decreased in the field-annealed sample by a factor of 2. First-principles calculations of the magnetic structure in the presence of a magnetic field are used to compute the resulting change in free energy. Analysis in terms of the phase diagram calculated with and without a magnetic field is in substantial agreement with the measurements. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, FAMU FSU, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Nicholson, DMC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Math & Comp Sci, MS6164 Bldg 5700,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nicholsondm@ornl.gov RI Petit, Leon/B-5255-2008; OI Petit, Leon/0000-0001-6489-9922 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6580 EP 6582 DI 10.1063/1.1689761 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900023 ER PT J AU Bazaliy, YB Tsymbal, LT Kakazei, GN Wigen, PE AF Bazaliy, YB Tsymbal, LT Kakazei, GN Wigen, PE TI The role of erbium magnetization anisotropy during the magnetic reorientation transition in ErFeO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID SPIN-REORIENTATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ORTHOFERRITES; REGION; SMFEO3; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TMFEO3 AB Magnetization of ErFeO3 single crystal was measured by a super conducting quantum interference device magnetometer with greatly improved precision. A dramatic (70%) increase of magnetization was observed in the spin-reorientation interval (88-97 K). This and the temperature dependence of the spin-rotation angle are accurately described by the modified mean field theory, which uses the key fact of the magnetic anisotropy of erbium subsystem. Calculated temperature dependence of the rotation angle shows a remarkable correspondence with the experiment with no fitting parameters. Proposed model is general and can be used to analyze orientation transitions in many orthoferrites. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, O Galkin Donetsk Phys & Technol Inst, UA-83114 Donetsk, Ukraine. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Magnetism, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bazaliy, YB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tsymbal@sova.fti.ac.donetsk.ua RI Kakazei, Gleb/A-5106-2008 OI Kakazei, Gleb/0000-0001-7081-581X NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6622 EP 6624 DI 10.1063/1.1687271 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900037 ER PT J AU Farrell, D Ding, Y Majetich, SA Sanchez-Hanke, C Kao, CC AF Farrell, D Ding, Y Majetich, SA Sanchez-Hanke, C Kao, CC TI Structural ordering effects in Fe nanoparticle two- and three-dimensional arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID COLLECTIVE MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PARTICLES AB Two- and three-dimensional arrays were prepared by self-assembly of iron nanoparticles with similar magnetic moments and interparticle separations, and characterized both magnetically and structurally. The rapid magnetization decay in the three-dimensional (3D) arrays suggests a relaxation mechanism than has been previously reported, perhaps associated with the existence of domain walls within large structurally ordered regions. Small angle x-ray scattering indicates the presence of such regions in the 3D arrays. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Majetich, SA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sm70@andrew.cmu.edu RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6636 EP 6638 DI 10.1063/1.1688644 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900041 ER PT J AU Li, DQ Cheng, RH Yu, CT Pearson, J Fradin, FY Bader, SD AF Li, DQ Cheng, RH Yu, CT Pearson, J Fradin, FY Bader, SD TI Placement of epitaxial magnetic Co dots on Ru(0001) via substrate modifications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; GE ISLANDS; CHAINS; SURFACES; GROWTH AB Co has been epitaxially grown onto flat and modified Ru(0001) substrates via molecular beam epitaxy at elevated temperature and characterized ex situ with atomic force and magnetic force microscopy. On flat Ru(0001), Co grows into three-dimensional Co islands (dots) of similar to20-900 nm or a flat Co film network with deep holes (antidots) in truncated pyramidal shapes, which randomly distribute on the surface. When the Ru surface morphology is modified via either scratches or e-beam lithography, the dots align along the edges of the surface features (similar to4-100 nm deep), and form dot chains, wires, arrays, and dots around lithographic patterns. The dots exhibit in-plane single domains with magnetic easy axis along the edges of these surface features. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, DQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dongqi@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6663 EP 6665 DI 10.1063/1.1688257 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900050 ER PT J AU Brown, G Stinnett, SM Novotny, MA Rikvold, PA AF Brown, G Stinnett, SM Novotny, MA Rikvold, PA TI Angular dependence of switching properties in single Fe nanopillars SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID HALL MAGNETOMETRY; REVERSAL; PARTICLES AB The continued increase in areal densities in magnetic recording makes it crucial to understand magnetization reversal in nanoparticles. We present finite-temperature micromagnetic simulations of hysteresis in Fe nanopillars with the long axis tilted at angles from 0degrees to 90degrees to the applied sinusoidal field. The field period is 15 ns, and the particle size is 9x9x150 nm. The system is discretized into a rectangular pillar of 7x7x101 spins each with uniform magnetization. At low angles, reversal begins at the endcaps and proceeds toward the center of the particle. At 90degrees reversal proceeds along the entire length of the particle (save at the ends). The switching field was observed to increase over the entire range of angles, consistent with recent experimental observations. A second, lower-resolution micromagnetic simulation with 1x1x17 spins, does not agree with experiment, but shows behavior very similar to that of the Stoner-Wohlfarth model of coherent rotation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. Mississippi State Univ, ERC Ctr Computat Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. Florida State Univ, Ctr Mat Res & Technol, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, CSIT, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM browngrg@csit.fsu.edu; man40@ra.msstate.edu; rikvold@csit.fsu.edu RI Brown, Gregory/F-7274-2016 OI Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-7524-8962 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6666 EP 6668 DI 10.1063/1.1689151 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900051 ER PT J AU Eisenbach, M Stocks, GM Ujfalussy, B AF Eisenbach, M Stocks, GM Ujfalussy, B TI Magnetic structure of iron inclusions in copper SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA AB We investigate the magnetic ground states of iron inclusions embedded in fcc copper using first principles calculations. We find that even for a single iron atom inclusion the induced magnetic moments on the copper sites order noncollinearly with respect to the prescribed direction of the iron moments. Furthermore, this noncollinear ordering depends on the direction of the iron moment. We study this effect by performing both constrained and fully relaxed moment calculations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Eisenbach, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Ujfalussy, Balazs/A-8155-2013; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016; OI Ujfalussy, Balazs/0000-0003-3338-4699; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X; Eisenbach, Markus/0000-0001-8805-8327 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6684 EP 6686 DI 10.1063/1.1687253 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900057 ER PT J AU Thomson, T Terris, BD Toney, MF Raoux, S Baglin, JEE Lee, SL Sun, S AF Thomson, T Terris, BD Toney, MF Raoux, S Baglin, JEE Lee, SL Sun, S TI Silicide formation and particle size growth in high-temperature-annealed, self-assembled FePt nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID X-RAY AB L1(0) FePt nanoparticle assemblies consisting of a few layers of 4-nm-diameter particles, are a potential data storage medium beyond 1 Tbit/in(2). However, annealing at temperatures >500 degreesC is required to form the high anisotropy L1(0) phase. Recent studies have shown a substantial drop in magnetization for T-anneal>650 degreesC. We show that this reduction in magnetization is due to silicide formation as a result of a chemical reaction with the native oxide or Si substrate. We also show that full L1(0) ordering is established only after annealing at 725 degreesC for 60 min and note that particle agglomeration occurs under these conditions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hitachi San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 90250 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Thomson, T (reprint author), Hitachi San Jose Res Ctr, 650 Harry Rd, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. EM thomas.thomson@hgst.com RI Lee, Stephen/G-9791-2016; Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 OI Lee, Stephen/0000-0002-2020-3310; NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6738 EP 6740 DI 10.1063/1.1667802 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900075 ER PT J AU Stern, RA MacLaren, JM Charlton, T Lederman, D AF Stern, RA MacLaren, JM Charlton, T Lederman, D TI First principles calculations of magnetoresistance as a function of external field in layered Co-Re hexagonal-close-packed superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSPORT; EXCHANGE; ALLOYS AB The magnetoresistance was calculated for a layered Co/Re hcp(10 (1) over bar0) superlattice as a function of external magnetic field. Similar to recent experiments which showed a maximum magnetoresistance of 4.5%, the system modeled here had its growth axis along the (10 (1) over bar0) axis and the magnetic easy axis in the plane of the film. Orientations of the magnetic moments in each Co layer as a function of external field were calculated using a self-consistent mean-field method, and were used as input parameters in the calculation of the conductivity tensor. The conductivity tensor was calculated via the Kubo-Greenwood linear response formalism within the layered-Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker approach to density functional theory. The total magnetoresistance is explained as a sum of anisotropic magnetoresistance and giant magnetoresistance. A calculated spin-flop transition at low fields has obvious consequences on the calculated magnetoresistance. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Stern, RA (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM astern@tulane.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6765 EP 6767 DI 10.1063/1.1667414 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900084 ER PT J AU Lascialfari, A Borsa, F Corti, M Micotti, E Furukawa, Y Cornia, A Gatteschi, D AF Lascialfari, A Borsa, F Corti, M Micotti, E Furukawa, Y Cornia, A Gatteschi, D TI Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance in the hexairon(III) antiferromagnetic molecular ring Fe6 : Li SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID SPIN DYNAMICS; H-1-NMR; IONS AB The molecular nanomagnet [LiFe6(OCH3)(12)(dbm)(6)]B(C6H5)(4).5CH(2)Cl(2) (Fe6:Li in short) is formed by six Fe(III) s=5/2 spins arranged in an almost coplanar ring with antiferromagnetic (AFM) nearest-neighbor coupling constant J/k(B)similar to20 K. We report Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (NSLR) measurements as a function of temperature from 1.5 to 50 K with applied field H=1.5 T. No evidence of quadrupole effects was found on the Li-7 NMR spectrum within the linewidth resolution (similar to25 kHz) ruling against a molecular distortion. The Li-7 NSLR is compared with the H-1 NSLR results in Fe6:Li and in other AFM rings. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Pavia, Dept Phys A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Unita INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Chem, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Unita INSTM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Univ Florence, Dept Chem, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, Unita INSTM, I-50019 Florence, Italy. RP Lascialfari, A (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Phys A Volta, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM lascialfari@fisicavolta.unipv.it RI Gatteschi, Dante/B-5429-2008; Cornia, Andrea/N-8587-2015; OI Cornia, Andrea/0000-0001-9765-3128; Gatteschi, Dante/0000-0002-4859-4317 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6879 EP 6881 DI 10.1063/1.1687225 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900122 ER PT J AU Shiratsuchi, Y Endo, Y Yamamoto, M Li, DQ Bader, SD AF Shiratsuchi, Y Endo, Y Yamamoto, M Li, DQ Bader, SD TI Magnetic phase transition and anisotropy of ultrathin Fe films grown on inclined Al2O3(0001) substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID THIN-FILMS AB We investigated the magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe films grown on inclined Al2O3(0001) substrates at various growth temperatures. We report the evolution of the magnetism with Fe thickness t(Fe), growth temperature, and the effect of the inclination of the substrate orientation on the magnetic anisotropy. The films are superparamagnetic (t(Fe)approximate to5 monolayer, ML), ferromagnetic (t(Fe)>15 ML), or coexistent (t(Fe)approximate to10 ML). The effect of inclination of the substrate is small in the superparamagnetic region and substantial in the ferromagnetic region. Fe thin films grown on the inclined substrate have a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the magnetic easy axis parallel to the step edge. This uniaxial magnetic anisotropy might be derived from the effective demagnetizing field due to the magnetic charge distribution at the corrugated surface. The strength of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy decreases as the growth temperature increases. The dependence of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy on growth temperature is caused by the change of growth mechanism, from smooth to rough with an increasing of growth temperature. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yamamoto, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM yamamoto@mat.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Endo, Yasushi/E-8962-2016 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6897 EP 6899 DI 10.1063/1.1667432 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900128 ER PT J AU Lewis, LH Yu, MH Welch, DO Gambino, RJ AF Lewis, LH Yu, MH Welch, DO Gambino, RJ TI Manipulation of the metamagnetic transition and entropy change in Gd-5(Si,Ge)(4) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIALS; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB 100 nm coatings of Fe and of Al were found to alter the magnetic attributes, such as the initial susceptibility and metamagnetic transition field, of the giant magnetocaloric material Gd-5(Ge,Si)(4) and thereby increase the entropy change for a given applied magnetic field, relative to uncoated samples. The experimental data strongly suggest that these coatings confer a strain that propagates through the material and enhances the effect of the magnetic field in the metamagnetic phase transition range. A simplified Landau theory of coupled magnetic and structural transitions was developed for Gd-5(Si1-xGex)(4) and used to analyze the thermodynamics and phase transitions of this material under the influence of magnetic fields and elastic strain fields. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lhlewis@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6912 EP 6914 DI 10.1063/1.1688572 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900132 ER PT J AU Leib, J Snyder, JE Lograsso, TA Schlagel, D Jiles, DC AF Leib, J Snyder, JE Lograsso, TA Schlagel, D Jiles, DC TI Dynamics of the magnetic field-induced first order magnetic-structural phase transformation of Gd-5(Si0.5Ge0.5)(4) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA AB The system Gd-5(SixGe1-x)(4) for 0.4less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.5 has been shown to have an unusual first order, coupled magnetic-structural phase transformation at the Curie temperature. Above the transformation temperature T-c, the material is paramagnetic with a monoclinic structure; below T-c, it is ferromagnetic with an orthorhombic structure. Another unusual feature of this phase transformation is that an applied magnetic field can increase T-c by 5 K per tesla. In this study, the magnetic-structural transformation in single crystal Gd5Si2Ge2 was triggered by holding the sample at a temperature just above T-c, then using an applied field to increase T-c beyond the sample temperature, thereby inducing the magnetic-structural transformation. The dynamics of this field-induced phase transformation at various temperatures just above T-c were observed by measuring the magnetization as a function of time. This magnetization change is caused by the first order phase transformation which is distinctly different from the magnetization reversal which one observes in conventional magnetic relaxation experiments. The transformation could be modeled as a thermal activation process with a single energy barrier of height 4.2+/-0.2 eV. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Leib, J (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6915 EP 6917 DI 10.1063/1.1687591 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900133 ER PT J AU Pasquale, M Sasso, CP Lewis, LH AF Pasquale, M Sasso, CP Lewis, LH TI Magnetic entropy in Ni2MnGa single crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA AB A first-order phase transition in mechanically soft, nonstoichiometric Ni2MnGa oriented single crystals was achieved by the application of a magnetic field lower than 1 T on a sample with a forward martensitic transformation temperature T-M of 314 K. The observed change in magnetization corresponds to a temperature decrease of 1 K. The entropy variation, corresponding to this partial phase rearrangement, is of the order of -1.5 J/kg K at 1 T, and reaches a value of -18 J/kg K at 5 T. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, Dept Mat, I-10135 Turin, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pasquale, M (reprint author), Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, Dept Mat, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RI Pasquale, Massimo/I-8390-2012; Sasso, Carlo/G-4591-2015 OI Pasquale, Massimo/0000-0002-8336-1391; Sasso, Carlo/0000-0002-5715-7688 NR 7 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6918 EP 6920 DI 10.1063/1.1682784 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900134 ER PT J AU Garlea, O Morosan, E Bud'ko, SL Zarestky, JL Canfield, PC Stassis, C AF Garlea, O Morosan, E Bud'ko, SL Zarestky, JL Canfield, PC Stassis, C TI Neutron scattering study of TbPtIn intermetallic compound SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID DIFFRACTION AB Neutron diffraction techniques have been used to study the magnetic properties of a TbPtIn single-crystal as a function of temperature and magnetic field. In the absence of an externally applied magnetic field, the compound orders, below approximately 47 K, in an antiferromagnetic structure with propagation vector k=(1/2,0,1/2); the magnetic moments were found to be parallel to the [1 (2) over bar0] direction. Measurements at 4.2 K, with a magnetic field applied along the [1 (2) over bar0] direction, revealed metamagnetic transitions at approximately 20 kG and 40 kG. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Garlea, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM garleao@ornl.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016 OI Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271 NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6921 EP 6923 DI 10.1063/1.1664401 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900135 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA Petculescu, G AF Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M Restorff, JB Lograsso, TA Petculescu, G TI Magnetostriction and elasticity of body centered cubic Fe100-xBex alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID MAGNETOELASTICITY; CONSTANTS; IRON AB Magnetostriction measurements from 77 K to room temperature on oriented (100) and (110) disk samples of Fe93.9Be6.1 and Fe88.7Be11.3 reveal substantial increases in lambda(100) compared to iron. For the 11.3% alloy, lambda(100)=110 ppm, a sixfold increase above that of alpha-Fe. For the 6.1% alloy, lambda(100)=81 ppm, similar to40% and similar to170% greater than lambda(100) of comparable Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys, respectively, for H=15 kOe. Large differences exist between the values of lambda(100) and lambda(111) (lambda(100)>0, lambda(111)<0) and their temperature dependencies. Elastic constants, c(11), c(12), and c(44), from 4 to 300 K were obtained on the same Fe-Be alloys. From these measurements, the magnetoelastic energy coefficients b(1) and b(2) were calculated. While the magnitudes of the magnetostrictions lambda(100) and lambda(111) are widely different, the magnitudes of b(1) and b(2) are within a factor of 2. The Fe-Be alloys are highly anisotropic magnetostrictively, elastically, and magnetoelastically. For Fe88.7Be11.3 at room temperature lambda(100)/lambda(111), 2c(44)/(c(11)-c(12)), and b(1)/b(2) are -6.6, 3.55, and -1.86, respectively. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Wun-Fogle, M (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM wunfoglem@nswccd.navy.mil NR 9 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6942 EP 6944 DI 10.1063/1.1688676 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900142 ER PT J AU Han, M Jiles, DC Snyder, JE Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL AF Han, M Jiles, DC Snyder, JE Lograsso, TA Schlagel, DL TI Giant magnetostriction behavior at the Curie temperature of single crystal Gd-5(Si0.5Ge0.5)(4) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID THERMAL-EXPANSION AB We report results of thermal expansion (TE) and magnetostriction (MS) measurements on a single crystal sample of Gd-5(Si0.5Ge0.5)(4) prepared by the Bridgman method. TE and MS were measured along the c axis by the strain gauge method and the temperature was controlled using a closed cycle helium refrigerator. From the TE measurements the magnetic structural phase transition temperature was found to be 259.5 K on cooling and 261.5 K on heating. The abrupt change in strain and the temperature hysteresis indicate that it is a first order transition. MS measurements were conducted at 15, 258, and 265 K. At 15 K, the magnetostriction amplitude was 3-4 ppm, whereas at 258 K it was 100 ppm. At 265 K, which is just above the Curie temperature, a giant magnetostriction of 2000 ppm was found. This unusual behavior is due to the fact that the external magnetic field can increase the transition temperature above 265 K, resulting in a first order magnetic/structural phase transition. The results reveal that giant magnetostriction in Gd-5(Si0.5Ge0.5)(4) only occurs as a result of the magnetic/structural transformation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, US DOE,Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Han, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, US DOE,Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mghan@iastate.edu RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 6 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 6945 EP 6947 DI 10.1063/1.1688680 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900143 ER PT J AU Lee, DR Freeland, JW Srajer, G Metlushko, V You, CY AF Lee, DR Freeland, JW Srajer, G Metlushko, V You, CY TI Domain-specific magnetization reversals on a Permalloy square ring array SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA AB We present domain-specific magnetization reversals extracted from soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering measurements on a Permalloy square ring array. The extracted domain-specific hysteresis loops reveal that the magnetization of the domain parallel to the field is strongly pinned, while those of other domains rotate continuously. In comparison with the micromagnetic simulation, the hysteresis loop on the pinned domain indicates a possibility of the coexistence of the square rings with the vortex and onion states. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Inha Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 402751, South Korea. RP Lee, DR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM drlee@aps.anl.gov RI You, Chun-Yeol/B-1734-2010 OI You, Chun-Yeol/0000-0001-9549-8611 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7016 EP 7018 DI 10.1063/1.1668611 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900167 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Haskel, D Lee, DR Lang, JC Srajer, G Im, JS AF Choi, Y Haskel, D Lee, DR Lang, JC Srajer, G Im, JS TI Measurement of local magnetization in the buried layer of a pseudo-spin-valve submicron wire SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY; X-RAYS AB A pseudo-spin-valve (PSV) wire [Au(3 nm)/Py(10 nm)/Cu(5 nm)/Co(10 nm)/Si] was patterned by e-beam lithography into two sections with different widths, connected by a narrow part that acts as a domain wall trap. The two sections have different magnetic shape anisotropies and thus different coercive fields. Since the sample has two different magnetic layers (soft and hard) and two different anisotropies (thick and thin widths), this patterned system has more than two magnetic configuration states depending on the applied field strength. To probe local magnetization from the two different sections, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements were done on the PSV wire with a microfocused x-ray beam. Measurements were done on the buried hard layer, from which magnetic information cannot be obtained by surface-sensitive techniques. The XMCD experimental results are compared with micromagnetic simulations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choi, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM choys@northwestern.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7028 EP 7030 DI 10.1063/1.1667798 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900171 ER PT J AU Jiles, DC Li, L AF Jiles, DC Li, L TI A new approach to modeling the magnetomechanical effect SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID HYSTERESIS; STRESS AB This paper reports on results taken to validate the extension to the theory of the magnetomechanical effect reported recently. This theory is based on a "law of approach" but the underlying equations have been generalized to include linear and nonlinear terms which are analogous to those in the well-known Rayleigh law of magnetization. It is shown that the generalized theory can be applied to materials with negative magnetostriction, such as nickel, and that the stress dependent model parameters can be determined from experimental measurements. It has been found that the results show improved agreement with experimental observation compared with the more restricted previous exposition of the model. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiles, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Jiles, David/H-9548-2012 NR 7 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7058 EP 7060 DI 10.1063/1.1687200 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900181 ER PT J AU Zhao, Z Mani, P Lee, WT Mankey, GJ AF Zhao, Z Mani, P Lee, WT Mankey, GJ TI Magnetic properties of uniaxial synthetic antiferromagnetic films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; SPIN VALVES; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB A study of the properties of uniaxial synthetic antiferromagnetic films with the structure Si(100)/Ta(5 nm)/Co(a)/NM(b)/Co(c)/Ta(10 nm) prepared by oblique sputtering is reported. Easy axis and hard axis hysteresis loops show a strong uniaxial anisotropy. The structural origin of the anisotropy is revealed by atomic force microscopy. The magnetization switching process was measured by polarized neutron reflectometry. The system exhibits biquadratic coupling, since the experimental remanence differs from that calculated by a model considering only bilinear coupling. The dependence of the critical fields on top ferromagnetic layer thickness is measured. A fit including both bilinear and biquadratic coupling qualitatively agrees with the results. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mankey, GJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, MINT Ctr, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM gmankey@mint.ua.edu RI Mankey, Gary/G-9110-2011 OI Mankey, Gary/0000-0003-3163-5159 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7157 EP 7159 DI 10.1063/1.1652417 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900212 ER PT J AU Shik, HY Wang, YQ Gubernatis, JE Lin, HQ AF Shik, HY Wang, YQ Gubernatis, JE Lin, HQ TI Effect of f-band dispersion on the magnetic properties of periodic Anderson lattice model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID DIMENSIONAL KONDO-LATTICE; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; FERMION GROUND-STATES; PHASE-DIAGRAM; FERROMAGNETISM AB Using the exact diagonalization and constrained path Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the effects of impurity f-band dispersion on the magnetic properties of Periodic Anderson lattice model in one and two dimensions (square lattice). The model is defined by the Hamiltonian: H=t(di,j,sigma)Sigma(d(isigma)(dagger)d(jsigma)+H.c.)+t(fi,j,sigma)Sigma(f(isigma)(dagger)f(jsigma)+H.c.) +V(i,sigma)Sigma(d(isigma)(dagger)f(isigma)+H.c.)+U(i)Sigman(iup arrow)(f)n(idown arrow)(f)+mu(fi,sigma)Sigman(isigma)(f). We fix t(d)=-1 be the energy scale. When t(f)=0, previous studies [Phy. Rev. B 63, 184 428 (2001)] showed that the system could be in partially saturated ferromagnet phase for low concentrations of conduction electrons. In the noninteracting limit, a nonzero t(f) changes the f-band from being flat to dispersive. By calculating the ground state energy as a function of total spin S we demonstrate that the inclusion of f-band dispersion (t(f)not equal0) could destabilize the ferromagnetic phase depending on values of t(f) and mu(f). Both t(f) and mu(f) have profound effects on the shape of the fermi surface and hence on the magnetic properties of the system, exemplified by the calculation of the fourier transform of the spin-spin correlation functions. Antiferromagnetic correlation is induced by the f-band dispersion. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shik, HY (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM hqlin@phy.cuhk.edu.hk NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7195 EP 7197 DI 10.1063/1.1676024 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900225 ER PT J AU Bauer, ED Christianson, AD Lawrence, JM Goremychkin, EA Moreno, NO Curro, NJ Trouw, FR Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD McQueeney, RJ Bao, W Osborn, R AF Bauer, ED Christianson, AD Lawrence, JM Goremychkin, EA Moreno, NO Curro, NJ Trouw, FR Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD McQueeney, RJ Bao, W Osborn, R TI Crystalline electric field excitations in the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID UNCONVENTIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AB The crystalline electric field (CEF) energy level scheme of the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 has been determined by means of inelastic neutron scattering (INS). Peaks observed in the INS spectra at similar to8 and similar to27 meV with incident neutron energies between E-i=30 and 60 meV and at a temperature T=10 K correspond to transitions from the ground state to the two excited states, respectively. The wave vector and temperature dependence of these peaks are consistent with CEF excitations. Fits of the data to a CEF model yield the CEF parameters B-2(0)=-0.80 meV, B-4(0)=0.059 meV, and \B-4(4)\=0.137 meV corresponding to an energy level scheme: Gamma(7)((1))(0)[=0.487\+/-5/2>-0.873parallel to-/+3/2>], Gamma(7)((2))(8.6 meV,100 K), and Gamma(6)(24.4 meV,283 K). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bauer, ED (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM edbauer@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016; christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602; christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7201 EP 7203 DI 10.1063/1.1667444 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900227 ER PT J AU Vecchini, C Moze, O Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Bruck, E Bewley, R Kolesnikov, A AF Vecchini, C Moze, O Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Bruck, E Bewley, R Kolesnikov, A TI Dynamic magnetic susceptibility of Gd5Si2Ge2 and Gd4YSi1.9Ge2.1 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; GD-5(SI2GE2); EXCITATIONS AB The effects of diluting Gd with Y on the magnetic properties of the giant magnetocaloric effect material Gd5Si2Ge2 have been investigated by high incident energy inelastic neutron scattering, magnetization, and x-ray powder diffraction measurements. The dynamic response for Gd5Si2Ge2 at 15 and 150 K consists of two magnetic excitations extending up to 40 meV. From the x-ray powder diffraction data, Gd4YSi1.9Ge2.1 is monoclinic at room temperature, space group P112(1)/a with the 4e site at x=-0.0092(3), y=0.1005(2), z=0.1808(4) almost exclusively occupied by Gd (97%), while the remaining four Gd/Y sites are randomly occupied by Gd and Y. The magnetization measurements show that the ordering temperature of Gd4YSi1.9Ge2.1 is about half that of Gd5Si2Ge2, as the former orders ferromagnetically at 149 K with an effective paramagnetic moment of 7.87mu(B). The observed magnetic dynamic response for the Gd4YSi1.9Ge2.1 at 7 K is also different from the nondiluted compound, whereby the positions and intensities of the magnetic excitations have decreased markedly with respect to Gd5Si2Ge2. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Modena & Reggio Emila, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Van Der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 OQX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vecchini, C (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emila, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. RI Bruck, Ekkes/E-3365-2014; OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7207 EP 7209 DI 10.1063/1.1652371 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900229 ER PT J AU Iwamoto, Y Ueda, K Kohara, T Kohori, Y Zapf, VS Sayles, TA Maple, MB Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL AF Iwamoto, Y Ueda, K Kohara, T Kohori, Y Zapf, VS Sayles, TA Maple, MB Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL TI Nuclear quadrupole resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of heavy fermion Ce1-xRxRhIn5 (R=Y,La) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE AB The results of In-115 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements on Ce1-xYxRhIn5 and Ce1-xLaxRhIn5 are reported. The observed NQR frequency at an In(1) site varies linearly with lattice parameter and dopant concentration for Y- and La-substituted systems. For the samples of LaMIn5 (M=Co,Rh,Ir) and YRhIn5, T-1(-1)'s are proportional to the temperature, which means the system is in the Fermi liquid state in a wide temperature range. On the other hand, in Ce0.1La0.9RhIn5 and Ce0.5Y0.5RhIn5, T-1(-1)'s have power-law temperature dependences (close to T-1/4), which are expected to be from non-Fermi-liquid behavior near a quantum critical point. For Ce0.5La0.5RhIn5 and Ce0.25La0.75RhIn5, T-1(-1)'s stay temperature independent below 4.2 K and the observed linewidths of In-115 become broader with decreasing temperature. This behavior may be associated with a short-range magnetic order of Ce expected from the macroscopic measurements. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Kobe Univ, Fac Maritime Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6580022, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Grad Sch Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Chiba Univ, Fac Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Iwamoto, Y (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Fac Maritime Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6580022, Japan. EM kohara@sci.himeji-tech.ac.jp RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Zapf, Vivien/K-5645-2013 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Zapf, Vivien/0000-0002-8375-4515 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7210 EP 7212 DI 10.1063/1.1669349 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900230 ER PT J AU Hauser, H Ruhrig, M Wecker, J AF Hauser, H Ruhrig, M Wecker, J TI Hysteresis modeling of tunneling magnetoresistance strain sensor elements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS AB Utilizing the inverse magnetostriction effect, magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) elements have been demonstrated to also be useful as highly sensitive stress or strain transducers. The prediction of the stress dependent hysteresis of the tunneling magnetoresistance R is done by the energetic model (EM), minimizing the total magnetization work which consists of the Zeeman energy density, of magnetocrystalline and stress anisotropy of the magnetization rotation processes, and of reversible and irreversible contributions of domain wall displacements. Furthermore, the law of approach to saturation and the initial susceptibility relate the parameters of the EM to the effective anisotropy energy which has to be overcome for a magnetization reversal. The calculated R(H) curves are in good aggreement with the measurements, allowing several predictions of the MTJ parameters as magnetostriction constant, stress (strain) sensitivity and hysteresis, and misalignment of the easy axis. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Ind Elect & Mat Sci, Vienna, Austria. Siemens AG, CTMM1, Innovat Elect, Erlangen, Germany. RP Hauser, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM hans.hauser@tuwien.ac.at NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7258 EP 7260 DI 10.1063/1.1688251 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900246 ER PT J AU Kang, K Suzuki, T Zhang, ZG Papusoi, C AF Kang, K Suzuki, T Zhang, ZG Papusoi, C TI Structural and magnetic studies of nanocomposite FePt-MgO films for perpendicular magnetic recording applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID THIN-FILMS; ANISOTROPY; NANOPARTICLES AB Composite FePt-MgO films composed of L1(0) FePt nanograins were fabricated on glass substrates by annealing multilayer films of [FePt/MgO](3). Films with 2 nm FePt layer thickness that have M-r/M(s)similar to1.0 show a significantly improved (001) texture of L1(0) FePt with a narrow c axis texture dispersion resulting from insertion of 2 nm MgO layers between the FePt layers. Annealing the [FePt 2 nm/MgO 2 nm](3) film creates grains as small as 8.0 nm that confer a relatively high magnetic anisotropy constant K-u=5x10(6) erg/cc and thus fosters a high coercivity of approximately 10.0 kOe. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Toyota Technol Inst, Informat Storage Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4688511, Japan. RP Kang, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM scro0199@hotmail.com NR 12 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7273 EP 7275 DI 10.1063/1.1669213 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900251 ER PT J AU You, CY Lee, S Park, S Falco, CM AF You, CY Lee, S Park, S Falco, CM TI Step-induced slanted perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in 4 degrees-miscut Si(111)/Cu/Au/Co/Au system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID ULTRATHIN CO FILMS; FE FILMS; INTERFACE; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; BRILLOUIN; SURFACES AB We performed magneto-optic Kerr effect and Brillouin light-scattering measurements on a 4degrees-miscut Si(111)/Cu/Au(2ML)/Co(5ML)/Au system to understand the correlation we observed between slanted angle and magnetic anisotropy of the ultrathin Co layer. We find that the easy axis orientation is neither perpendicular nor in-plane with respect to the sample surface. We also find that the direction of incline is strongly correlated with the step direction, and that there is no such slanted magnetic anisotropy axis in films grown on a nonmiscut Si substrate. Therefore, we conclude that the slanted magnetic anisotropy axis is caused by the steps in the 4degrees-miscut Si(111) substrate. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inha Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 402751, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP You, CY (reprint author), Inha Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 402751, South Korea. RI You, Chun-Yeol/B-1734-2010 OI You, Chun-Yeol/0000-0001-9549-8611 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7279 EP 7281 DI 10.1063/1.1651798 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900253 ER PT J AU Didosyan, YS Hauser, H Reider, GA Toriser, W AF Didosyan, YS Hauser, H Reider, GA Toriser, W TI Fast latching type optical switch SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID ORTHOFERRITES AB A magneto-optical latching switch with a yttrium orthoferrite optical rotator is described. The crystal remains in a given magnetic state for unlimited duration without energy supply. The response time is about 20 ns and the aperture of the optical rotator is 350 mum. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn & Informat Technol, Vienna, Austria. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hauser, H (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Fac Elect Engn & Informat Technol, Vienna, Austria. EM hans.hauser@tuwien.ac.at NR 7 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7339 EP 7341 DI 10.1063/1.1669350 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900273 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, VV Robertson, JL Mankey, GJ Cavadini, N Niedermayer, C Mitchell, JF AF Krishnamurthy, VV Robertson, JL Mankey, GJ Cavadini, N Niedermayer, C Mitchell, JF TI Spin wave excitations in the antiferromagnetic state of Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-FIELD; LA1-XCAXMNO3; RESISTIVITY; TRANSITION; LAMNO3 AB The layered A-type antiferromagnet Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3 has been investigated by neutron scattering. Antiferromagnetic ordering is observed with a T-N of 152.3 K and an exponent beta of 0.148+/-0.01 that suggests 2d Ising behavior. The spin-wave excitations, measured for the neutron momentum transfer q perpendicular to the ferromagnetic planes at 2 K, show a gap of 2.3+/-0.2 meV at the zone center [0.5 0 0.5]. The dispersion near zone center yielded the spin-wave stiffness coefficient D-SW of similar to100+/-10 meV A(2) which is twice the value found in the isostructural A-type antiferromagnet LaMnO3. The double-exchange interaction, introduced by hole doping, enhances D-SW in Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3. The spin wave dispersion at low q fits the dispersion of the Heisenberg model with nearest neighbor exchange interaction and single ion anisotropy. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ETH, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, VV (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM vemuru@bama.ua.edu RI Niedermayer, Christof/K-4436-2014; Mankey, Gary/G-9110-2011 OI Mankey, Gary/0000-0003-3163-5159 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7351 EP 7353 DI 10.1063/1.1651814 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900277 ER PT J AU Olson, TW Olson, JMW Scholl, A Suzuki, Y AF Olson, TW Olson, JMW Scholl, A Suzuki, Y TI Magnetic domain structure of colossal magnetoresistance thin films and islands SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID LOW-FIELD MAGNETORESISTANCE; STRAIN; THICKNESS AB We synthesized 10-200 nm thick colossal magnetoresistive La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films under compressive strain, resulting in perpendicular anisotropy. Similar magnetic domain structures in LSMO films thicker than 40 nm were observed by magnetic force microscopy and were also seen with photoemission electron microscopy. Recent transport measurements, in conjunction with this result, suggest a dead layer at the interface, not at the surface. When varying the temperature from below the Curie temperature T-C to above, the magnetic domains disappeared. These domains nucleated uniformly across the film when the temperature was subsequently lowered, but their positions were unrelated to the initial domains or to surface defects. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Olson, TW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7354 EP 7356 DI 10.1063/1.1687272 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900278 ER PT J AU Zaliznyak, IA Tranquada, JM Gu, G Erwin, RW Moritomo, Y AF Zaliznyak, IA Tranquada, JM Gu, G Erwin, RW Moritomo, Y TI Universal features of charge and spin order in a half-doped layered perovskite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA1.5SR0.5COO4; PHYSICS AB We have investigated the peculiar structure of charge and spin ordering in the half-doped layered perovskite oxide La1.5Sr0.5CoO4 by elastic neutron scattering. Two samples with different preparation histories were studied. We find that the generic features of the ordered states, such as their short-range, glassy nature and the spin incommensurability, are sample-independent. At the same time, some subtle features of the ordered phases, such as the correlation lengths, differ. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RP Zaliznyak, IA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014; OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255; moritomo, yutaka/0000-0001-6584-7489 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7369 EP 7371 DI 10.1063/1.1664400 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900283 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AB Roberts, BK Tuan, A Shutthanandan, V McCready, D Thevuthasan, S Chambers, SA Krishnan, KM AF Pakhomov, AB Roberts, BK Tuan, A Shutthanandan, V McCready, D Thevuthasan, S Chambers, SA Krishnan, KM TI Studies of two- and three-dimensional ZnO : Co structures through different synthetic routes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE MAGNETISM; DOPED TIO2 ANATASE; THIN-FILMS; TRANSITION; FERROMAGNETISM AB Multilayers of Co and ZnO, with nominal layer thicknesses on the atomic scale with up to 25 bilayers, were deposited by ion beam sputtering on silicon and glass substrates at ambient temperature. Thick epitaxial CoxZn1-xO films on Al2O3(012) substrates were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using a liquid precursor delivery system. All were co-doped with Al. Comparative analysis of magnetization, resistivity, and magnetoresistance measurements, performed in the temperature range 2.5-300 K, is presented. At small thickness of Co layers in the multilayer samples, these structures are diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) superlattices, with properties close to the epitaxial films. A crossover from DMS to discontinuous magnetic metal/semiconductor multilayers is observed with increasing metal content in the multilayers. This leads to changes in conduction mechanisms, with increasing contribution of quasithree-dimensional or quasitwo-dimensional intergranular hopping, and superparamagnetism. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Krishnan, KM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kannanmk@u.washington.edu NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7393 EP 7395 DI 10.1063/1.1669224 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900291 ER PT J AU Schedin, F Leung, L Muryn, CA Hill, EW Scholl, A Thornton, G AF Schedin, F Leung, L Muryn, CA Hill, EW Scholl, A Thornton, G TI Photoemission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of epitaxial iron oxide films on alpha-Al2O3(0001) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID FE3O4 FILMS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; MOMENT AB The morphology and stoichiometry of a model iron oxide magnetic tunneling junction heterostructure has been investigated using x-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM data evidence islands of width a few mu m and height 10 nm. X-PEEM data show that two types of iron oxide are present, the islands being Fe3O4(111) and the terraces alpha-Fe2O3(0001). The Fe3O4(111) islands appear as dark areas in X-PEEM, which is attributed to difference in work function and/or mean free path of the two iron oxide phases. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Manchester, Nanosci Res Ctr, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schedin, F (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Nanosci Res Ctr, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM f.schedin@man.ac.uk RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012; Hill, Ernie/K-6942-2015 OI Hill, Ernie/0000-0001-9412-6795 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7450 EP 7452 DI 10.1063/1.1669339 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900307 ER PT J AU Barmak, K Kim, J Lewis, LH Coffey, KR Toney, MF Kellock, AJ Thiele, JU AF Barmak, K Kim, J Lewis, LH Coffey, KR Toney, MF Kellock, AJ Thiele, JU TI Stoichiometry-anisotropy connections in epitaxial L1(0) FePt(001) films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA ID FEPT THIN-FILMS; GROWTH TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; COPT; COERCIVITY AB The order parameters and anisotropy constants of a series of epitaxial L1(0) FePt films with compositions in the range of 45-55 at. % Fe and nominal thicknesses of 50 nm have been characterized. The films were made by cosputtering the elements onto single crystal MgO(001) substrates. The substrates were coated with 1 nm Pt/1 nm Fe bilayer seeds prior to alloy deposition. Both the bilayer seed and the alloy film were deposited at 620 degreesC. Lattice and order parameters were obtained by x-ray diffraction. Film compositions and thicknesses were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and room-temperature magnetocrystalline anisotropies were determined with a torque magnetometer. It was found that the order parameter had a maximum for the film composition closest to the equiatomic composition, whereas the magnetocrystalline anisotropy increased as the Fe content increased from below to slightly above the equiatomic composition. These results imply that nonstoichiometric FePt compositions, with a slight excess of Fe, may in fact be preferred for applications that require high anisotropy. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Barmak, K (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Data Storage Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM katayun@andrew.cmu.edu RI Barmak, Katayun/A-9804-2008 OI Barmak, Katayun/0000-0003-0070-158X NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 95 IS 11 BP 7501 EP 7503 DI 10.1063/1.1667856 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 824BE UT WOS:000221657900323 ER PT J AU Dennis, DA AF Dennis, DA TI Evaluation of painful total knee arthroplasty SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Current Concepts in Joint Replacement CY 2003 CL Las Vegas, NV DE knee pain; total knee arthroplasty ID RECURRENT HEMARTHROSIS; HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; IN-111 LEUKOCYTE; REVISION; COMPLICATION; PROSTHESIS; ASPIRATION; DIAGNOSIS AB Numerous conditions exist that may cause pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that can be categorized into articular versus nonarticular etiologies. To critically evaluate the painful TKA, the treating physician must perform a thorough history and physical examination, as well as both laboratory and radiographic testing. Laboratory anaysis is directed to differentiate septic versus aseptic etiologies of knee pain and commonly includes assessment of white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and knee aspiration for cell count and cultures. Available radiographic tools include plain radiographs, stress views, arthrography, nuclear scanning, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. in cases of unexplained pain, reoperation is unwise and frequently associated with suboptimal results. Periodic repeat evaluations are recommended until the etiology of pain is clearly determined. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Musculoskeletal Res, Knoxville, TN USA. Rocky Mtn Musculoskeletal Res Lab, Denver, CO USA. RP Dennis, DA (reprint author), Colorado Joint Replacement, 2425 S Colorado Blvd,Suite 270, Denver, CO 80222 USA. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 SU 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.arth.2004.03.003 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 833QN UT WOS:000222353400009 PM 15190547 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Martin, VJJ Mohn, WW AF Smith, DJ Martin, VJJ Mohn, WW TI A cytochrome P450 involved in the metabolism of abietane diterpenoids by Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESIN ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; DEHYDROABIETIC ACID; BACTERIA; HYDROXYLATION; PROTEIN; GENE; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; CONIFERS AB Diterpenoids are naturally occurring plant compounds which have pharmaceutical properties. We have sequenced a 10.4-kbp extension of the dit cluster in Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9, containing genes involved in abietane diterpenoid biodegradation. The ditQ gene was found to encode a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, P450(dit), and to be homologous to the tdtD gene of Pseudomonas diterpeniphila A19-6a. Knocking out ditQ had little effect on growth of BKME-9 on abietic acid but severely impaired growth on dehydroabietic acid (DhA) and palustric acid (PaA), increasing doubling times from 3.8 to 15 h on DhA and from 5.6 to 18.5 h on PaA. A xylE transcriptional fusion showed that transcription of ditQ was induced by a range of diterpenoids. Substrate binding assays of P450(dit) expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that DhA binds to the enzyme and yields a type I binding spectrum with a K-d of 0.4 muM. These results indicate that P450(dit) is involved in the metabolism of DhA and PaA and are consistent with its putative role in converting DhA to 7-hydroxy-DhA. Finally, an amino acid sequence identity of greater than 72% and conserved gene arrangement support the hypothesis that the dit gene cluster of P. abietaniphila BKME-9 and the tdt cluster of P. diterpeniphila A19-6a contain functional homologues. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mohn, WW (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 300-6174 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM wmohn@interchange.ubc.ca NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 186 IS 11 BP 3631 EP 3639 DI 10.1128/JB.186.11.3631-3639.2004 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 822TE UT WOS:000221562300040 PM 15150251 ER PT J AU Kunz-Schughart, LA Freyer, JP Hofstaedter, F Ebner, R AF Kunz-Schughart, LA Freyer, JP Hofstaedter, F Ebner, R TI The use of 3-D cultures for high-throughput screening: The multicellular spheroid model SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING LA English DT Review DE cell-based assay; 3-D culture; spheroid; co-culture; anti-tumor drug testing ID 3-DIMENSIONAL CELL-CULTURES; HUMAN GLIOMA SPHEROIDS; HUMAN-TUMOR SPHEROIDS; EARLY CLINICAL-TRIALS; IN-VITRO; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; DIFFERENT REGIONS; EXTRAVASCULAR TRANSPORT AB Over the past few years, establishment and adaptation of cell-based assays for drug development and testing has become an important topic in high-throughput screening (HTS). Most new assays are designed to rapidly detect specific cellular effects reflecting action at various targets. However, although more complex than cell-free biochemical test systems, HTS assays using monolayer or suspension cultures still reflect a highly artificial cellular environment and may thus have limited predictive value for the clinical efficacy of a compound. Today's strategies for drug discovery and development, be they hypothesis free or mechanism based, require facile, HTS-amenable test systems that mimic the human tissue environment with increasing accuracy in order to optimize preclinical and preanimal selection of the most active molecules from a large pool of potential effectors, for example, against solid tumors. Indeed, it is recognized that 3-dimensional cell culture systems better reflect the in vivo behavior of most cell types. However, these 3-D test systems have not yet been incorporated into mainstream drug development operations. This article addresses the relevance and potential of 3-D in vitro systems for drug development, with a focus on screening for novel antitumor drugs. Examples of 3-D cell models used in cancer research are given, and the advantages and limitations of these systems of intermediate complexity are discussed in comparison with both 2-D culture and in vivo models. The most commonly used 3-D cell culture systems, multicellular spheroids, are emphasized due to their advantages and potential for rapid development as HTS systems. Thus, multicellular tumor spheroids are an ideal basis for the next step in creating HTS assays, which are predictive of in vivo antitumor efficacy. C1 Univ Regensburg, Inst Pathol, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. Avalon Pharmaceut Inc, Germantown, MD USA. RP Kunz-Schughart, LA (reprint author), Univ Regensburg, Inst Pathol, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. EM leoni.kunz-schughart@klinik.uni-regensburg.de NR 158 TC 343 Z9 350 U1 9 U2 88 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1087-0571 J9 J BIOMOL SCREEN JI J. Biomol. Screen PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP 273 EP 285 DI 10.1177/1087057104265040 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA 828NP UT WOS:000221980300001 PM 15191644 ER PT J AU Andrews, SS AF Andrews, SS TI Using rotational averaging to calculate the bulk response of isotropic and anisotropic samples from molecular parameters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID LIGHT C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Andrews, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Calvin Lab, Bldg 3-130,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssandrews@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 81 IS 6 BP 877 EP 885 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 820OZ UT WOS:000221400500035 ER PT J AU Belkin, MA Shen, YR Harris, RA AF Belkin, MA Shen, YR Harris, RA TI Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy of chiral liquids off and close to electronic resonance and the antisymmetric Raman tensor SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; PROBE AB The strength of the chiral vibrational peaks in infrared-visible sum-frequency (SF) vibrational spectra from isotropic chiral liquids is proportional to the square of the corresponding antisymmetric Raman element. Under the Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic approximation with nonadiabatic corrections, the antisymmetric Raman tensor is much weaker than the symmetric counterpart, but becomes significantly stronger as the input frequency (or the sum-frequency in SF generation) approaches electronic resonance. We verify the theory with experimental results obtained from infrared-visible doubly resonant sum-frequency generation from an isotropic solution of chiral molecules. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Belkin, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbelkin@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Belkin, Mikhail/E-9041-2013 OI Belkin, Mikhail/0000-0003-3172-9462 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 21 BP 10118 EP 10126 DI 10.1063/1.1724826 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 820QN UT WOS:000221404500029 PM 15268034 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV Kahl, G Cummings, PT AF Kalyuzhnyi, YV Kahl, G Cummings, PT TI Phase coexistence in polydisperse charged hard-sphere fluids: Mean spherical approximation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTED PRIMITIVE MODEL; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; IONIC FLUIDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ASYMMETRIC ELECTROLYTES; CRITICAL PARAMETERS; CHAIN MOLECULES; FREE-ENERGY; EQUILIBRIA; SYSTEMS AB Taking advantage of the availability of the analytic solution of the mean spherical approximation for a mixture of charged hard spheres with an arbitrary number of components we show that the polydisperse fluid mixture of charged hard spheres belongs to the class of truncatable free energy models, i.e., to those systems where the thermodynamic properties can be represented by a finite number of (generalized) moments of the distribution function that characterizes the mixture. Thus, the formally infinitely many equations that determine the parameters of the two coexisting phases can be mapped onto a system of coupled nonlinear equations in these moments. We present the formalism and demonstrate the power of this approach for two systems; we calculate the full phase diagram in terms of cloud and shadow curves as well as binodals and discuss the distribution functions of the coexisting daughter phases and their charge distributions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Condensed Matter Phys, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. Vienna Tech Univ, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Svientsitskoho 1, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Kahl, Gerhard/Q-9079-2016 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Kahl, Gerhard/0000-0002-4375-4684 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 21 BP 10133 EP 10145 DI 10.1063/1.1737291 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 820QN UT WOS:000221404500031 PM 15268036 ER PT J AU Manaa, MR Reed, EJ Fried, LE Galli, G Gygi, F AF Manaa, MR Reed, EJ Fried, LE Galli, G Gygi, F TI Early chemistry in hot and dense nitromethane: Molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID NITROMETHANE; AB-INITIO; SHOCKED NITROMETHANE; LIQUID NITROMETHANE; NEAT NITROMETHANE; HIGH-PRESSURE; ACI ION; DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB We report density functional molecular dynamic simulations to determine the early chemical events of hot (T=3000 K) and dense (rho=1.97 g/cm(3), V/V-0=0.68) nitromethane (CH3NO2). The first step in the decomposition process is an intermolecular proton abstraction mechanism that leads to the formation of CH3NO2H+ and the aci ion H2CNO2-. This event is also confirmed to occur in a fast annealing simulation to a final temperature of 4000 K at rho=2.20 g/cm(3). An intramolecular hydrogen transfer that transforms nitromethane into the aci acid form, CH2NO2H, accompanies this event. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of chemical reactivity with bond selectivity for an energetic material near the Chapman-Jouget state of the fully reacted material. We also report the decomposition mechanism followed up to the formation of H2O as the first stable product. We note that similarities in the global features of reactants, intermediates, and products of the reacting fluid seem to indicate a threshold for similar chemistry in the range of high densities and temperatures reported herein. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Manaa, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM manaa1@llnl.gov RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 40 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 120 IS 21 BP 10146 EP 10153 DI 10.1063/1.1724820 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 820QN UT WOS:000221404500032 PM 15268037 ER PT J AU Steele, WV Chirico, RD Cowell, AB Nguyen, A Knipmeyer, SE AF Steele, WV Chirico, RD Cowell, AB Nguyen, A Knipmeyer, SE TI Possible precursors and products of deep hydrodesulfurization of gasoline and distillate fuels III. The thermodynamic properties of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrodibenzothiophene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE enthalpy of combustion; heat capacity; vapor pressure; density; thermodynamic functions ID THERMOCHEMICAL BOND ENERGIES; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; TEMPERATURES 250 K; VAPOR-PRESSURE; XYLENE ISOMERIZATION; RECOMMENDED VALUES; HEAT-CAPACITIES; PART 2; KINETICS; EQUILIBRIA AB Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrodibenzothiophene (Chemical Abstracts registry number [16587-33-0]) are reported. Experimental methods include combustion calorimetry, adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, vibrating-tube densitometry, comparative ebulliometry, inclined-piston gauge manometry, and differential-scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.). Critical properties are estimated for 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrodibenzothiophene. Standard molar entropies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation are derived at selected T between (298.15 and 600) K. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NIST, TRC, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. BDM Petr Technol, Bartlesville Thermodynam Grp, Bartlesville, OK 74005 USA. RP Steele, WV (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Dept Chem Engn, 327 Dougherty Engn Bldg,1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM steelewv@ornl.gov; chirico@boulder.nist.gov NR 74 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 6 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2003.12.012 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 823JT UT WOS:000221608400008 ER PT J AU Dinh, LN Schildbach, MA Maxwell, RS Siekhaus, WJ Balazs, B McLean, W AF Dinh, LN Schildbach, MA Maxwell, RS Siekhaus, WJ Balazs, B McLean, W TI H2O outgassing from silica-filled polysiloxane TR55 SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE silica; polysiloxane; water outgassing; temperature-programmed desorption/decomposition ID DESORPTION; KINETICS AB Temperature-programmed desorption/decomposition (TPD) was employed to obtain the moisture content and outgassing kinetics of TR55, a silica-filled cross-linked polysiloxane. The total moisture content of TR55 in the as-received state and after 20-30 min of vacuum pumping in the load-lock prior to TPD was measured to be on the order of 0.35 wt%. Physisorbed H2O and chemisorbed H2O account for about 13.2 and 86.8%, respectively, of the 0.35 wt% measured moisture content. H2O outgassing models based on the kinetics measured from TPD experiments suggest that loosely bound chemisorbed water outgasses in a dry environment slowly but continuously over many decades at or a little above room temperature. However, physisorbed water can be easily pumped out in a matter of hours at around 400 K. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dinh, LN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dinh1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 274 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.12.052 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 819GP UT WOS:000221303300004 PM 15120274 ER PT J AU Unger, A Finsterle, S Bodvarsson, G AF Unger, A Finsterle, S Bodvarsson, G TI Transport of radon gas into a tunnel at Yucca Mountain - estimating large-scale fractured tuff hydraulic properties and implications for the operation of the ventilation system SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yucca Mountain; radon; fracture permeability; fracture porosity; ventilation; inverse modeling ID CAVE; PERMEABILITY; CRYSTALLINE; EXPOSURE; NEVADA; ROCKS AB Radon gas concentrations have been monitored as part of the operation of a tunnel (the Exploratory Studies Facility-ESF) at Yucca Mountain to ensure worker safety. The objective of this study was to examine the potential use of the radon data to estimate large-scale formation properties of fractured tuffs. This objective was examined by developing a numerical model, based upon the characteristics of the ESF and the Topopah Spring welded (TSw) tuff unit, capable of predicting radon concentrations for prescribed ventilation conditions. The model was used to address two specific issues. First, it was used to estimate the permeability and porosity of the fractures in the TSw at the length scale of the ESF and extending tens of meters into the TSw, which surrounds the ESE Second, the model was used to understand the mechanism leading to radon concentrations exceeding a specified level within the ESF. The mechanism controlling radon concentrations in the ESF is a function of atmospheric barometric fluctuations being propagated down the ESF along with ventilated air flow and the slight suction induced by the ventilation exhaust fans at the South Portal of the ESE These pressure fluctuations are dampened in the TSw fracture continuum according to its permeability and porosity. Consequently, as the barometric pressure in the ESF drops rapidly, formation gases from the TSw are pulled into the ESF, resulting in an increase in radon concentrations. Model calibration to both radon concentrations measured in the ESF and gas-phase pressure fluctuations in the TSw yielded concurrent estimates of TSw fracture permeability and porosity of 1 x 10(-11) m(2) and 0.00034, respectively. The calibrated model was then used as a design tool to predict the effect of adjusting the current ventilation-system operation strategy for reducing the probability of radon gas concentrations exceeding a specified level. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 361, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Unger, A (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth Sci, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 361, Canada. EM aunger@scimail.uwaterloo.ca; SAFinsterle@lbl.gov; GSBodvarsson@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.07.001 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 830VN UT WOS:000222152300001 PM 15134873 ER PT J AU Pruess, K AF Pruess, K TI A composite medium approximation for unsaturated flow in layered sediments SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE modeling; layered media; vadose zone; aniostropy; lateral spreading ID WETTING FRONT INSTABILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CAPILLARY BARRIERS; STRATIFIED SOILS; FLUID-FLOW; EQUATION AB Saturated-unsaturated flow in strictly layered sediments proceeds via conductors in parallel in the direction parallel to bedding, and via resistors in series in the direction perpendicular to bedding. On sufficiently small scales of space and time, flow in such media will be subject to approximate capillary equilibrium locally, which provides a basis for approximating the effective hydraulic conductivity of a composite multi-layer medium in terms of the conductivities of the individual layers. Equations for the hydraulic conductivity tensor in "composite medium approximation" (COMA) are given in a coordinate system aligned with bedding. Hydraulic conductivity parallel to bedding is generally larger than in the perpendicular direction. The anisotropy depends on the spread of the conductivity distribution, and tends to increase for dryer conditions. The COMA model was implemented in a multi-phase flow simulator and tested by comparison with high-resolution simulations in which all layering heterogeneity is resolved explicitly. Under favorable conditions, COMA is found to accurately represent sub-grid scale flow and transport processes, providing a practical method for simulating field-scale flow and transport in layered media. The approximation improves when layers are thinner, and when flow rates are smaller. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM k_pruess@lbl.gov NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 70 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.09.007 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 830VN UT WOS:000222152300004 PM 15134876 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ AF Lee, YJ TI Formation of aluminum nitride thin films as gate dielectrics on Si (100) SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Letter DE atomic layer deposition; thin film growth; aluminum nitride ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ALN AB Aluminum nitride (AlN) films were prepared on p-type Si (100) substrates using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) with AlCl3 as the precursor and an NH3/Ar/H-2 plasma as the reactant. The compositional depth profiles of the AlN films were analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES); hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) impurities were determined from Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and elastic recoil detection-time of flight (ERD-TOF). To study the formation of the interfacial layer, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained of AlN films before and after annealing. As-deposited films were annealed using a rapid thermal process (RTP) at 700degreesC for 5 min in ambient N-2. The AlN films were nitrogen-rich, and the concentrations of H and Cl incorporated in the AlN were 2.01 and 0.25 at%, respectively. An approximately 0.4-nm-thick interfacial layer was generated after the annealing process, and the nitrogen-rich AlN films contributed to the formation of the interlayer. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yjlee2@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 266 IS 4 BP 568 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.03.016 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 827RF UT WOS:000221917400026 ER PT J AU Chiang, MH Dzielawa, JA Dietz, ML Antonio, MR AF Chiang, MH Dzielawa, JA Dietz, ML Antonio, MR TI Redox chemistry of the Keggin heteropolyoxotungstate anion in ionic liquids SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cyclic voltammetry; differential pulse voltammetry; ionic liquid; Keggin anion; polyoxometalate ID VOLTAMMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GAMMA-ISOMER; CATION SIZE; BEHAVIOR; ALPHA; POTENTIALS; STABILITY; COMPLEXES AB The solid salts of the 1-ethyl-3-methytimidazolium and the 1-n-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium cations, abbreviated [C(2)mim](+) and [C(5)mim](+), respectively, of the Keggin heteropolyanion, alpha-[PW12O40](3-), were prepared. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements of both [C(n)mim](3)[alpha-PW12O40] salts (for n = 2 and 5) were performed in acetonitrile containing either tetra-n-butyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate, abbreviated TBAPF(6), or the corresponding [C(n)mim]BF4 ionic liquids (ILs) as electrolytes. The results are compared with the corresponding data obtained in the neat [C(n)mim]BF4 ILs without addition of other electrolytes. The effects of countercation and supporting electrolyte on the voltammetry of the Keggin ion alpha-[PW12O40](3-) are interpreted as resulting from an amalgamation of isomerization, ion-association, and redox processes. The combination of the unique solvent/electrolyte properties of ILs with the well-known electrochemistry of molecular polyoxometalates (POMs) like the Keggin anion leads to redox behavior that may have impact on the research and technology of catalytic and energy-storage phenomena. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mantonio@anl.gov RI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/E-2044-2015 OI Chiang, Ming-Hsi/0000-0002-7632-9369 NR 45 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 567 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.11.062 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 822CS UT WOS:000221513000007 ER PT J AU Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Versteeg, RJ Casey, CC AF Lane, JW Day-Lewis, FD Versteeg, RJ Casey, CC TI Object-based inversion of crosswell radar tomography data to monitor vegetable oil injection experiments SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOPHYSICAL TOMOGRAPHY; BOREHOLE RADAR AB Crosswell radar methods can be used to dynamically image ground-water flow and mass transport associated with tracer tests, hydraulic tests, and natural physical processes, for improved characterization of preferential flow paths and complex aquifer heterogeneity. Unfortunately, because the raypath coverage of the interwell region is limited by the borehole geometry, the tomographic inverse problem is typically underdetermined, and tomograms may contain artifacts such as spurious blurring or streaking that confuse interpretation. We implement object-based inversion (using a constrained, non-linear, least-squares algorithm) to improve results from pixel-based inversion approaches that utilize regularization criteria, such as damping or smoothness. Our approach requires pre- and post-injection travel-time data. Parameterization of the image plane comprises a small number of objects rather than a large number of pixels, resulting in an overdetermined problem that reduces the need for prior information. The nature and geometry of the objects are based on hydrologic insight into aquifer characteristics, the nature of the experiment, and the planned use of the geophysical results. The object-based inversion is demonstrated using synthetic and crosswell radar field data acquired during vegetable-oil injection experiments at a site in Fridley, Minnesota. The region where oil has displaced ground water is discretized as a stack of rectangles of variable horizontal extents. The inversion provides the geometry of the affected region and an estimate of the radar slowness change for each rectangle. Applying petrophysical models to these results and porosity from neutron logs, we estimate the vegetable-oil emulsion saturation in various layers. Using synthetic- and field-data examples, object-based inversion is shown to be an effective strategy for inverting crosswell radar tomography data acquired to monitor the emplacement of vegetable-oil emulsions. A principal advantage of object-based inversion is that it yields images that hydrologists and engineers can easily interpret and use for model calibration. C1 Univ Connecticut, US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Geol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USN, So Div, NAVFAC, N Charleston, SC USA. RP Lane, JW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, US Geol Survey, Off Ground Water, Branch Geophys, 11 Sherman,U-5015, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOC PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 BP 63 EP 77 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 856FL UT WOS:000224031000002 ER PT J AU Frangos, W Becker, A Lee, KH AF Frangos, W Becker, A Lee, KH TI High-frequency and very-high-frequency (HF & VHF) above-ground electromagnetic impedance measurements SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We have field-tested an apparatus for measuring the electromagnetic impedance above the ground at several frequencies in the 0.3-30 MHz range. This window in the frequency spectrum, which lies between frequencies used for GPR and those used for conventional loop-loop EM soundings, has not been used because of difficulties in fielding equipment for making absolute and accurate measurements. Model and physical parameter studies however confirm that data in this frequency band can be used to construct high-resolution maps of electrical conductivity and permittivity of near-surface material. Our equipment was assembled using commercial electric and magnetic antennas. The magnetic loop source is excited by a conventional signal generator-power amplifier assembly. Signal detection is accomplished using RF lock-in amplifiers. All system elements are appropriately isolated by optical fiber links. We estimate a measurement accuracy of about 10% for an 8-m separation between source and detector. Field tests were done at the University of California Richmond Field Station where the near surface electrical structure is well known. The experimental data at this site are mainly a function of electrical conductivity. In this context, we have obtained good agreement with the known local variations in resistivity both with depth and with position along a 35-m traverse. Additional tests in more resistive regimes where dielectric permittivity is not negligible yield spectral data compatible with the less well known near-surface electrical properties. C1 James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, GeoEngn Grp, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frangos, W (reprint author), James Madison Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Harrisonburg, VA 22801 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 856FL UT WOS:000224031000004 ER PT J AU Sheffield, J Obenschain, S Conover, D Bajura, R Greene, D Brown, M Boes, E McCarthy, K Christian, D Dean, S Kulcinski, G Denholm, PL AF Sheffield, J Obenschain, S Conover, D Bajura, R Greene, D Brown, M Boes, E McCarthy, K Christian, D Dean, S Kulcinski, G Denholm, PL TI Energy options for the future SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE energy; fuels; nuclear; fusion; efficiency; renewables AB This paper summarizes the presentations and discussion at the Energy Options for the Future meeting held at the Naval Research Laboratory in March of 2004. The presentations covered the present status and future potential for coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass energy sources and the effect of measures for energy conservation. The longevity of current major energy sources, means for resolving or mitigating environmental issues, and the role to be played by yet to be deployed sources, like fusion, were major topics of presentation and discussion. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Joint Inst Energy & Environm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US DOE, Climate Change Technol Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NTRC, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Energy Anal Off, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Dominion Generat, Glen Allen, VA 23060 USA. Fus Power Associates, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Obenschain, S (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Code 6730, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM steveo@this.nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 63 EP 109 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-3472-3 PG 47 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 919TS UT WOS:000228641100001 ER PT J AU Nilson, RH Griffiths, SK Tchikanda, SW Martinez, MJ AF Nilson, RH Griffiths, SK Tchikanda, SW Martinez, MJ TI Axially tapered microchannels of high aspect ratio for evaporative cooling devices SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE channel flow; evaporation; heat transfer; heat pipes; microscale ID HEAT-TRANSFER; GROOVES; MODEL; FLOW; PIPE AB Analytical solutions are derived,for evaporating flow in open rectangular microchannels having a uniform depth and a width that decreases along the channel axis. The flow generally consists of two sequential domains, an entry domain where the meniscus is attached to the top corners of the channel followed by a recession domain where the meniscus retreats along the sidewalls toward the channel bottom. Analytical solutions applicable within each domain are matched at their interface. Results demonstrate that tapered channels provide substantially better cooling capacity than straight channels of rectangular or triangular cross section, particularly tinder opposing gravitational forces. A multiplicity of arbitrarily tapered channels can be microfabricated in metals using LIGA, a process involving electrodeposition into a lithographically patterned mold. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Fluid & Thermal Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Multiphase Transport Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nilson, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fluid & Thermal Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3 BP 453 EP 462 DI 10.1115/1.1735744 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 832XR UT WOS:000222301500018 ER PT J AU Batra, P Delgado, A Kaplan, DE Tait, TMP AF Batra, P Delgado, A Kaplan, DE Tait, TMP TI Running into new territory in SUSY parameter space SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry breaking; supersymmetry phenomenology; Higgs physics; asymptotic freedom ID HIGGS-BOSON MASS; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; MU-PROBLEM; HADRON COLLIDERS; NATURAL SOLUTION; PHENOMENOLOGY; UNIFICATION; SPECTRUM; BREAKING; SECTOR AB The LEP-II bound on the light Higgs mass rules out the vast majority of parameter space left to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with weak-scale soft-masses. This suggests the importance of exploring extensions of the MSSM with non-minimal Higgs physics. In this article, we explore a theory with an additional singlet superfield and an extended gauge sector. The theory has a number of novel features compared to both the MSSM and Next-to-MSSM, including easily realizing a light CP-even Higgs mass consistent with LEP-II limits, tan beta less than or similar to 1, and a lightest Higgs which is charged. These features are achieved while remaining consistent with perturbative unification and without large stop-masses. Discovery modes at the Tevatron and LHC are discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pbatra@post.harvard.edu; adelgado@pha.jhu.edu; dkaplan@pha.jhu.edu; tait@fnal.gov NR 54 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 IS 6 AR 032 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 847NV UT WOS:000223403100032 ER PT J AU Lawrence, A McGreevy, J AF Lawrence, A McGreevy, J TI Local string models of soft supersymmetry breaking SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE d-branes; supersymmetry breaking; superstring vacua. ID YANG-MILLS THEORY; LARGE N DUALITY; GAUGE-THEORIES; CALABI-YAU; MIRROR SYMMETRY; MATRIX MODELS; SPACETIME SUPERSYMMETRY; GLOBAL SUPERSYMMETRY; TOPOLOGICAL STRINGS; SUSY-BREAKING AB We study soft supersymmetry breaking in local models of type II string theory compactifications with branes and fluxes. In such models, magnetic fluxes can be treated as auxiliary fields in N = 2 SUSY multiplets. These multiplets appear as "spurion superfields" in the low-energy effective action for the local model. We discuss the pattern of SUSY breaking from N = 2 to N = 1 to N = 0 in these models, and then identify the fields leading to soft SUSY breaking terms in various examples. In the final section, we reconsider arguments for the Dijkgraaf-Vafa conjecture in gauge theories with softly broken supersymmetry. C1 Brandeis Univ, Martin Fisher Sch Phys, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. SLAC Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Stanford ITP, Aspen, CO USA. UCSB, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA USA. RP Brandeis Univ, Martin Fisher Sch Phys, MS 057,POB 549110, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. EM albion@brandeis.edu; mcgreevy@Princeton.EDU NR 132 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 IS 6 AR 007 PG 37 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 847NV UT WOS:000223403100007 ER PT J AU Yoshida, PG AF Yoshida, PG TI Picking winners? From technology catch-up to the space race in Japan. SO JOURNAL OF JAPANESE STUDIES LA English DT Book Review C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Yoshida, PG (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC JAPANESE STUD PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON THOMSON HALL DR-05, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0095-6848 J9 J JPN STUD JI J. Jpn. Stud. PD SUM PY 2004 VL 30 IS 2 BP 564 EP 569 DI 10.1353/jjs.2004.0058 PG 6 WC Area Studies; Asian Studies SC Area Studies; Asian Studies GA 846BV UT WOS:000223290700039 ER PT J AU Lefmann, K Lake, B Aeppli, G Cheong, SW Christensen, NB Clausen, KN Hayden, S Mason, TE McMorrow, DF Mook, HA Ronnow, HM Takagi, H AF Lefmann, K Lake, B Aeppli, G Cheong, SW Christensen, NB Clausen, KN Hayden, S Mason, TE McMorrow, DF Mook, HA Ronnow, HM Takagi, H TI Static and dynamic spins in superconducting La2-xSrxCuO4: The Riso years SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; O COMPOUND SYSTEM; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; C SUPERCONDUCTORS AB One important area of modern condensed matter research is the investigation of the nature of the superconducting cuprates. Much progress in this field has been obtained with the technique of neutron scattering. We here present a review of neutron scattering studies of the high-temperature superconductor La2-xSrx CuO4, performed at Riso National Laboratory. We review the work on the mapping of the incommensurate spin fluctuations, the investigation of the gap in the fluctuation spectrum, the magnetic properties of the vortices appearing in an applied field, and the quantum critical behaviour of the system. We discuss our findings in the light of results of neutron scattering from other groups, on other cuprate systems, and results from other experimental methods, e.g. NMR, muSR, STM, X-ray diffraction, and ARPES. We end with a discussion on the implications of the experimental results for the progress in the general understanding of high-temperature superconductivity. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1E 6BT, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Lefmann, K (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM kim.lefmann@risoe.dk RI McMorrow, Desmond/C-2655-2008; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Hayden, Stephen/F-4162-2011; Christensen, Niels/A-3947-2012; Mason, Thomas/M-5809-2014; Lefmann, Kim/M-9228-2014; Ronnow, Henrik/A-4953-2009; OI McMorrow, Desmond/0000-0002-4947-7788; Hayden, Stephen/0000-0002-3209-027X; Christensen, Niels/0000-0001-6443-2142; Mason, Thomas/0000-0003-1880-3971; Lefmann, Kim/0000-0003-4282-756X; Ronnow, Henrik/0000-0002-8832-8865; Lake, Bella/0000-0003-0034-0964 NR 148 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 135 IS 5-6 BP 621 EP 664 DI 10.1023/B:JOLT.0000029513.76152.ae PG 44 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 824TW UT WOS:000221710600017 ER PT J AU McDermott, R Kelso, N Lee, SK Mossle, M Muck, M Myers, W ten Haken, B Seton, HC Trabesinger, AH Pines, A Clarke, J AF McDermott, R Kelso, N Lee, SK Mossle, M Muck, M Myers, W ten Haken, B Seton, HC Trabesinger, AH Pines, A Clarke, J TI SQUID-detected magnetic resonance imaging in microtesla magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SQUID; nuclear magnetic resonance; magnetic resonance imaging ID DC SQUID; NMR; JUNCTIONS; NOISE; COIL; MRI AB We describe studies of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of liquid samples at room temperature in microtesla magnetic fields. The nuclear spins are prepolarized in a strong transient field. The magnetic signals generated by the precessing spins, which range in frequency from tens of Hz to several kHz, are detected by a low-transition temperature dc SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) coupled to an untuned, superconducting flux transformer configured as an axial gradiometer. The combination of prepolarization and frequency-independent detector sensitivity results in a high signal-to-noise ratio and high spectral resolution (similar to 1 Hz) even in grossly inhomogeneous magnetic fields. In the NMR experiments, the high spectral resolution enables us to detect the 10-Hz splitting of the spectrum of protons due to their scalar coupling to a P-31 nucleus. Furthermore, the broadband detection scheme combined with a non-resonant field-reversal spin echo allows the simultaneous observation of signals from protons and P-31 nuclei, even though their NMR resonance frequencies differ by a factor of 2.5. We extend our methodology to MRI in microtesla fields, where the high spectral resolution translates into high spatial resolution. We demonstrate two-dimensional images of a mineral oil phantom and slices of peppers, with a spatial resolution of about 1 mm. We also image an intact pepper using slice selection, again with 1-mm, resolution. A further experiments we demonstrate T-1-contrast imaging of a water phantom, some parts of which were doped with a paramagnetic salt to reduce the longitudinal relaxation time T-1. Possible applications of this MRI technique include screening for tumors and integration with existing multichannel SQUID systems for brain imaging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Aberdeen, Dept Biomed Phys & Bioengn, Aberdeen AB9 27D, Scotland. RP Clarke, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM clarke@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Lee, Seung-Kyun/A-3464-2008; Trabesinger, Andreas/J-2008-2016 OI Lee, Seung-Kyun/0000-0001-7625-3141; Trabesinger, Andreas/0000-0003-3078-8399 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 135 IS 5-6 BP 793 EP 821 DI 10.1023/B:JOLT.0000029519.09286.c5 PG 29 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 824TW UT WOS:000221710600023 ER PT J AU Arskold, SP Prince, BJ Krausz, E Smith, PJ Pace, RJ Picorel, R Seibert, M AF Arskold, SP Prince, BJ Krausz, E Smith, PJ Pace, RJ Picorel, R Seibert, M TI Low-temperature spectroscopy of fully active PSII cores. Comparisons with CP43, CP47, D1/D2/cyt b(559) fragments SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Dynamical Processes in Excited States of Solids CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Univ Canterbury (NZ), Struers Radiometer, Lastek Pty DE photosystem; exciton coupling; stark shifts; CD; MCD ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REACTION CENTERS; STARK SHIFTS; RESOLUTION; COMPLEXES; PIGMENTS; PROTEIN AB Comparisons of absorption spectra of photosystem 11 (PSII) core complexes with those of isolated CP43, CP47 and D1/D2/cyt b(559) complexes show broadenings and shifts upon disassembly of the PSII core material. Spectra of PSII cores isolated from plants and cyanobacteria reveal marked changes in energies and intensities of the sharp features associated with P680. Low-temperature, illumination-induced electrochromic shifts in PSII cores allow identification of an excitation localized on pheopytin-a (pheo a) in D1. A weak interaction between an exciton component of P680 and the D1 pheo a, both located near 684 nm, is suggested. MCD spectra of 5- and 6-chlorophyll a D1/D2/cytochrome b559 preparations provide links to photoactive pigments in intact PSII cores. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Fac Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Krausz, E (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Fac Chem, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM krausz@rsc.anu.edu.au RI Krausz, Elmars/I-2885-2014; PICOREL, RAFAEL/K-7930-2014 OI Krausz, Elmars/0000-0002-8536-6890; PICOREL, RAFAEL/0000-0003-3791-129X NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 108 IS 1-4 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.01.023 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 822WT UT WOS:000221572000019 ER PT J AU Hughes, JL Prince, BJ Arskold, SP Krausz, E Pace, RJ Picorel, R Seibert, M AF Hughes, JL Prince, BJ Arskold, SP Krausz, E Pace, RJ Picorel, R Seibert, M TI Photo-conversion of chlorophylls in higher-plant CP43 characterized by persistent spectral hole burning at 1.7 K SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Dynamical Processes in Excited States of Solids CY AUG 03-08, 2003 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND SP Univ Canterbury (NZ), Struers Radiometer, Lastek Pty DE CP43; hole burning; vibration; photoproduct ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ANTENNA COMPLEX; RESOLUTION AB The chlorophyll-protein complex CP43 is a proximal-antenna subunit important for excitation energy transfer from peripheral light-harvesting antenna to the Photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre. We report persistent spectral hole burning at 1.7 K in the Q(y) (0,0) origin and Q(y)(1,0) vibrational satellite bands of chlorophyll a (chl a) in CP43 isolated from higher plants. The isolated CP43 is known to possess two quasi-degenerate 'red' trap states. We find persistent hole burning in the primary trap exhibits a photoconversion property, with a photoproduct located well outside its inhomogeneous distribution. This photoconversion of trap chl a molecules also occurs with non-selective white light illumination. The contribution of the 'red' states to CP43 absorption is discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Fac Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Krausz, E (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM krausz@rsc.anu.edu.au RI Krausz, Elmars/I-2885-2014; PICOREL, RAFAEL/K-7930-2014 OI Krausz, Elmars/0000-0002-8536-6890; PICOREL, RAFAEL/0000-0003-3791-129X NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 108 IS 1-4 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.01.030 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 822WT UT WOS:000221572000026 ER PT J AU Meacham, BE Branagan, DJ Shield, JE AF Meacham, BE Branagan, DJ Shield, JE TI Understanding the link between nanoscale microstructural features and dynamic hysteresis phenomena SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE hysteresis; recoil technique; magnetic reversal behavior; remanent susceptibility ID ND-FE-B; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; COERCIVITY; CO AB A Nd-Dy-Fe-B alloy was designed to exhibit high coercivity and optimum loop shapes utilizing a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic alloy design principles. After achieving these initial goals, conventional structural analysis using X-ray and TEM could explain the salient features of the observed hysteresis behavior. However, greater understanding could be gained on the complex dynamic behavior of hysteresis through the exploitation of a new recoil technique that was developed, which focuses on switching field distributions arising from irreversible magnetic behavior. Utilizing this approach, we have successfully linked specific magnetic reversal behavior with distinct magnetic phases that have characteristic microstructural length scales. This new approach may become a powerful tool for the study of the structure-property-hysteresis behavior of hard magnetic materials. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Meacham, BE (reprint author), NanoSteel Co, 505 Linday Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM bmeacham@nanosteelco.com NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.10.034 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 835PV UT WOS:000222498100016 ER PT J AU Bobev, S Bauer, ED Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL AF Bobev, S Bauer, ED Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL TI Single crystal growth, and magnetic and electronic properties of EuGa4 SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE rare-earth intermetallics; crystal growth; flux synthesis; BaAl4-structure type; Eu-magnet ID TRANSITION; BAAL4 AB Large single crystals of the title compound were synthesized from the pure elements using an excess of molten Ga as a solvent. EuGa4 crystallizes in the body-centered tetragonal space group I4/mmm (BaAl4-structure type) with unit cell parameters a = 4.407(1) Angstrom and c = 10.635(3),Angstrom, and c/a ratio of 2.413. Temperature (2-350 K) dependence of the DC magnetization, along with the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity and electronic heat capacity, is presented. According to these measurements, EuGa4 orders antiferromagnetically near T-N = 15 K. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bobev, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sbobev@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.11.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 835PV UT WOS:000222498100032 ER PT J AU Singh, P AF Singh, P TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singh, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 251 EP 251 DI 10.1361/10599490419720 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 826NW UT WOS:000221836800001 ER PT J AU Singh, P Yang, ZG Viswanathan, V Stevenson, JW AF Singh, P Yang, ZG Viswanathan, V Stevenson, JW TI Observations on the structural degradation of silver during simultaneous exposure to oxidizing and reducing environments SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells held at the ASM International Materials Solutions Conference CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP ASM Mat Solut DE corrosion; diffusion; hydrogen; silver; solid oxide; fuel cell ID HYDROGEN; SILBER AB The structural stability of silver (Ag) in dual atmosphere exposure conditions, which are representative of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) current collector and gas seals, has been examined in the 600-800 degreesC temperature range. Experiments conducted on Ag tubular sections exposed to flowing H-2-3% H2O (inside the tube) and air (outside the tube) showed extensive porosity formation along the grain boundaries in the bulk metal. Similar tubular sections, when exposed to air only (both inside and outside the tube), showed no bulk porosity or structural changes. It is postulated that the porosity formation in the bulk metal is related to the formation of gaseous H2O bubbles due to simultaneous diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen followed by subsequent interaction resulting in the formation of steam. Thermochernical processes that are responsible for structural degradation are presented and discussed. Based on experimental observations, it is concluded that Ag metal may not provide adequate long-term structural stability under a dual-environment condition that is typical of interconnects or gas seals in intermediate temperature SOFCs. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singh, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM prabhakar.singh@pnl.gov RI Singh, Prabhakar/M-3186-2013 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1361/10599490419261 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 826NW UT WOS:000221836800007 ER PT J AU Smith, RJ Tripp, C Knospe, A Ramana, CV Kayani, A Gorokhovsky, V Shuffhanandan, V Gelles, DS AF Smith, RJ Tripp, C Knospe, A Ramana, CV Kayani, A Gorokhovsky, V Shuffhanandan, V Gelles, DS TI Using CrAlN multilayer coatings to improve oxidation resistance of steel interconnects for solid oxide fuel cell stacks SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells held at the ASM International Materials Solutions Conference CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP ASM Mat Solut DE CrAIN; coatings; corrosion resistance; interconnect; ion beam analysis ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; FILMS; CR-1-XALXN AB The requirements of low-cost and high-temperature corrosion resistance for bipolar interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cell stacks has directed attention to the use of metal plates with oxidation resistant coatings. The performance of steel plates with multilayer coatings, consisting of CrN for electrical conductivity and CrAIN for oxidation resistance, was investigated. The coatings were deposited using large area filtered arc deposition technology, and subsequently annealed in air for up to 25 hours at 800 degreesC. The composition, structure, and morphology of the coated plates were characterized using Rutherford backscattering, nuclear reaction analysis, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. By altering the architecture of the layers within the coatings, the rate of oxidation was reduced by more than an order of magnitude. Electrical resistance was measured at room temperature. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM smith@physics.montana.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1361/10599490419315 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 826NW UT WOS:000221836800008 ER PT J AU Speakman, SA Carneim, RD Payzant, EA Armstrong, TR AF Speakman, SA Carneim, RD Payzant, EA Armstrong, TR TI Development of proton conductors using pyrochlore-perovskite phase boundaries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells held at the ASM International Materials Solutions Conference CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP ASM Mat Solut DE conductivity; doping; structure-property relationship; X-ray diffraction ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE AB The pyrochlore-perovskite binary systems La2Zr2O7-SrZrO3 and La2Zr2O7-LaYO3 were studied as potential high-temperature proton conductors. X-ray diffraction and direct current conductivity measurements were used to develop empirical relationships between structure and conductivity. The solubilities of Sr in La2Zr2O7 and La in SrZrO3 were low, less than 0.1 mol fraction. The solubility of Zr in LaYO3 was at least 0.125 mol fraction, and the solubility of Y in La2Zr2O7 was at least 0.25 mol fraction. Y-doped La2Zr2O7 had the highest electrical conductivity, though no composition exceeded or = 3 x 10(-4) S/cm at the target temperature of 600 degreesC. The effectiveness of Y as a dopant in La2Zr2O7 was limited because Y substituted for both La on the A-site and Zr on the B-site. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Speakman, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM speakmansa@ornl.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1361/10599490419270 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 826NW UT WOS:000221836800009 ER PT J AU Weil, KS AF Weil, KS TI High-temperature electrical testing of a solid oxide fuel cell cathode contact material SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells held at the ASM International Materials Solutions Conference CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP ASM Mat Solut DE electrical contact; interconnect; mixed ionic/electronic conductor; solid oxide fuel cell ID ION-CONDUCTING CERAMICS; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AB The development of high-temperature solid-state devices for energy generation and environmental control applications has advanced remarkably over the past decade. However, there remain a number of technical barriers that still impede widespread commercial application. One of these, for example, is the development of a robust method of conductively joining the mixed-conducting oxide electrodes that lie at the heart of the device to the heat resistant metal interconnect used to transmit power to or from the electrodes and electrochemically active membrane. This study investigated the high-temperature electrical and microstructural characteristics of a series of conductive glass composite paste junctions between two contact materials representative of those used in solid-state electrochemical devices, lanthanum calcium manganate, and 430 stainless steel. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1361/10599490419289 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 826NW UT WOS:000221836800010 ER PT J AU Weil, KS Deibler, JE Hardy, JS Kim, DS Xia, GG Chick, LA Coyle, CA AF Weil, KS Deibler, JE Hardy, JS Kim, DS Xia, GG Chick, LA Coyle, CA TI Rupture testing as a tool for developing planar solid oxide fuel cell seals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells held at the ASM International Materials Solutions Conference CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP ASM Mat Solut DE glass seal; rupture strength testing; solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); thermal cycling ID COATINGS AB One of the critical issues in designing and fabricating high-performance planar solid oxide fuel cell (pSOFC) stacks is the ability to hermetically seal adjacent metal and ceramic components. In our pSOFC development program, we have designed a testing technique that allows us to screen through the numerous variables involved in developing glass seals. Using this test for example, we have found that the composition of the metal component plays an important role in the strength of the seal. Microstructural analysis of as-sealed specimens revealed that an interfacial reaction zone forms during joining, and it appears that the thickness and composition of this layer are the dominant parameters that control joint strength. In this paper the details of the seal test are reported. The results have proven particularly significant in the development of the next-generation stack design. Supporting microstructural and chemical analyses collected on the test specimens are also presented and used to interpret the seal test results in an effort to identify the necessary steps toward improving glass pSOFC seals. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 20 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 316 EP 326 DI 10.1361/10599490419306 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 826NW UT WOS:000221836800011 ER PT J AU Yang, ZG Xie, GG Meinhardt, KD Weil, KS Stevenson, JW AF Yang, ZG Xie, GG Meinhardt, KD Weil, KS Stevenson, JW TI Chemical stability of glass seal interfaces in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fuel Cells held at the ASM International Materials Solutions Conference CY OCT 13-15, 2003 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP ASM Mat Solut DE ferritic stainless steels; interconnect; sealing glass; solid oxide fuel cell ID ALLOY; INTERCONNECT; DEGRADATION AB In intermediate temperature planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks, the interconnect, which is typically made from cost-effective, oxidation-resistant, high-temperature alloys, is typically sealed to the ceramic positive electrode-electrolyte-negative electrode (PEN) by a sealing glass. To maintain the structural stability and minimize the degradation of stack performance, the sealing glass has to be chemically compatible with the PEN and alloy interconnects. In the present study, the chemical compatibility of a barium-calcium-aluminosilicate (BCAS) based glass-ceramic (specifically developed as a sealant in SOFC stacks) with a number of selected oxidation resistant high temperature alloys (and the yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte) was evaluated. This paper reports the results of that study, with a particular focus on Crofer22 APU, a new ferritic stainless steel that was developed specifically for SOFC interconnect applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yang, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zgary.yang@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 18 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9495 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1361/10599490419298 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 826NW UT WOS:000221836800012 ER PT J AU Rushton, MJD Grimes, RW Stanek, CR Owens, S AF Rushton, MJD Grimes, RW Stanek, CR Owens, S TI Predicted pyrochlore to fluorite disorder temperature for A(2)Zr(2)O(7) compositions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OXIDES AB In a previous publication the order-disorder pyrochlore to fluorite transformation temperatures for a series of A(2)Hf(2)O(7) pyrochlores were predicted [C.R. Stanek and R.W. Grimes: Prediction of rare-earth A(2)Hf(2)O(7), pyrochlore phases. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2002, 85, p. 2139]. This was facilitated by establishing a relationship between these temperatures and the energy required to introduce a specific defect structure into the perfect pyrochlore lattice. Here an equivalent relationship for A(2)Zr(2)O(7) pyrochlores was generated, and from this the disorder temperatures for a number of compositions including Eu2Zr2O7 were predicted. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Nucl Sci & Technol Serv, Risley WA3 6AS, Warrington, England. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. EM r.grimes@ic.ac.uk RI Rushton, Michael/C-9437-2012 OI Rushton, Michael/0000-0001-7650-4377 NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 19 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1603 EP 1604 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0231 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DN UT WOS:000222316700002 ER PT J AU Kent, MS Reedy, ED Yim, H Matheson, A Sorenson, J Hall, J Schubert, K Tallant, D Garcia, M Ohlhausen, T Assink, R AF Kent, MS Reedy, ED Yim, H Matheson, A Sorenson, J Hall, J Schubert, K Tallant, D Garcia, M Ohlhausen, T Assink, R TI Using self-assembling monolayers to study crack initiation in epoxy/silicon joints SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL FRACTURE; FRICTION; SURFACE; FILMS AB The effect of the density and in-plane distribution of interfacial interactions on crack initiation in an epoxy-silicon joint was studied in nominally pure shear loading. Well-defined combinations of strong (specific) and weak (nonspecific) interactions were created using self-assernbling monolayers. The in-plane distribution of strong and weak interactions was varied by employing two deposition methods: depositing mixtures of molecules with different terminal groups resulting in a nominally random distribution, and depositing methyl-terminated molecules in domains defined lithographically with the remaining area interacting through strong acid-base interactions. The two distributions lead to very different fracture behavior. For the case of the methyl-terminated domains (50 mum on a side) fabricated lithographically, the joint shear strength varies almost linearly with the area fraction of strongly interacting sites. From this we infer that cracks nucleate on or near the interface over nearly the entire range of bonded area fraction and do so at nearly the same value of local stress (load/bonded area). We postulate that the imposed heterogeneity in interfacial interactions results in heterogeneous stress and strain fields within the epoxy in close proximity to the interface. Simply, the bonded areas carry load while the methyl terminated domains carry negligible load. Stress is amplified adjacent to the well-bonded regions (and reduced adjacent to the poorly bonded regions), and this leads to crack initiation by plastic deformation and chain scission within the epoxy near the interface. For the case of mixed monolayers, the dependence is entirely different. At low areal density of strongly interacting sites, the joint shear strength is below the detection limit of our transducer for a significant range of mixed monolayer composition. With increasing density of strongly interacting sites, a sharp increase in joint shear strength occurs at a methyl terminated area fraction of roughly 0.90. We postulate that this coincides with the onset of yielding in the epoxy. For methyl-terminated area fractions less than 0.85, the joint shear strength becomes independent of the interfacial interactions. This indicates that fracture no longer initiates on the interface but away from the interface by a competing mechanism, likely plastic deformation and chain scission within the bulk epoxy. The data demonstrate that the in-plane distribution of interaction sites alone can affect the location of crack nucleation and the far-field stress required. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mskent@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1682 EP 1695 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0214 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DN UT WOS:000222316700015 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Misra, A Schulze, RK Wetteland, CJ Wang, H Nastasi, M AF Zhang, X Misra, A Schulze, RK Wetteland, CJ Wang, H Nastasi, M TI Critical factors that determine face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic phase transformation in sputter-deposited austenitic stainless steel films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TIN FILMS; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; 304-STAINLESS STEEL; THIN-FILMS; TEXTURE; GROWTH; MULTILAYERS AB Bulk austenitic stainless steels (SS) have a face-centered cubic (fee) structure. However, sputter deposited films synthesized using austenitic stainless steel targets usually exhibit body-centered cubic (bee) structure or a mixture of fee and bee phases. This paper presents studies on the effect of processing parameters on the phase stability of 304 and 330 SS thin films. The 304 SS thin films with in-plane, biaxial residual stresses in the range of approximately 1 GPa (tensile) to approximately 300 MPa (compressive) exhibited only bee structure. The retention of bee 304 SS after high-temperature annealing followed by slow furnace cooling indicates depletion of Ni in as-sputtered 304 SS films. The 330 SS films sputtered at room temperature possess pure fee phase. The Ni content and the substrate temperature during deposition are crucial factors in determining the phase stability in sputter deposited austenitic SS films. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1696 EP 1702 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0215 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DN UT WOS:000222316700016 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Hardy, JS Weil, KS AF Kim, JY Hardy, JS Weil, KS TI Use of aluminum in air-brazing aluminum oxide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS; MAGNESIUM; SILICON AB A commercial aluminum foil was used to braze alumina plates in air. Although the outer surface of the aluminum oxidizes in air, the majority of the aluminum underneath remains unoxidized during brazing, allowing the ceramic pieces to be joined together with adequate strength. Joint strength testing and subsequent examination of the fracture surfaces of the joints indicate that the joints are inherently ductile, even after long-term, high-temperature air exposure. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016 OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1717 EP 1722 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0221 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DN UT WOS:000222316700018 ER PT J AU Cordill, MJ Moody, NR Bahr, DF AF Cordill, MJ Moody, NR Bahr, DF TI Quantifying improvements in adhesion of platinum films on brittle substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPRESSED THIN-FILMS; INTERFACIAL FRACTURE; MULTILAYER FILMS; DUCTILE FILMS; INDENTATION; COPPER; MICROSCRATCH; INTERLAYERS; PLASTICITY; MECHANICS AB This study used nanoindentation coupled with stressed overlayers to evaluate the effect of titanium interlayers on the interfacial fracture energy of platinum films on SiO2 substrates. Interfacial fracture energy was calculated three ways: from platinum buckles that formed spontaneously upon deposition of the film, from buckles that formed upon deposition of a stressed tungsten overlayer, and from blisters triggered by indentation of a platinum film with a tungsten stressed overlayer. The calculated values for the interfacial fracture energy of the Pt-SiO2 interface were 0.2 and 0.5 J/m(2) for indentation blisters and spontaneous buckles, respectively. The effect of a titanium interlayer on adhesion was examined using a tungsten stressed overlayer coupled with nanoindentation. The addition of a titanium layer improved the adhesion of the platinum film on SiO2 from 0.2 to 1.0 J/m(2). C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cordill, MJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Bahr, David/A-6521-2012; OI Bahr, David/0000-0003-2893-967X; Cordill, Megan/0000-0003-1142-8312 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1818 EP 1825 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0232 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DN UT WOS:000222316700031 ER PT J AU Vella, JB Mann, AB Kung, H Chien, CL Weihs, TP Cammarata, RC AF Vella, JB Mann, AB Kung, H Chien, CL Weihs, TP Cammarata, RC TI Mechanical properties of nanostructured amorphous metal multilayer thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SHEAR BANDS; NI-CU; HARDNESS; FRACTURE; FLOW; DISLOCATIONS; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; COMPOSITES; GLASSES AB The hardness of amorphous metal multilayered films was investigated by nanoindenation. Bilayer material systems of amorphous CuNb, FeB, and FeTi were produced by dc sputtering on <112(-)0> sapphire substrates to a total thickness of 1 mum. The bilayer periods (Lambda) ranged from 2 to 50 nm. The films' noncrystallinity was verified by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction. The layer structure was verified by transmission electron microscopy and grazing angle XRD. The hardness and elastic modulus properties of the films, measured by nanoindentation, were shown to be statistically equivalent to the rule mixtures predictions. The hardness behavior is in contrast with the behavior of crystalline multilayered films, which generally display significant enhancements as the bilayer period is decreased below 10 nm. The lack of a significant hardness variation in the amorphous films strongly suggests that dislocation-mediated mechanisms do not govern inhomogeneous flow in amorphous metals. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Vella, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM joseph.vella@motorola.com RI Cammarata, Robert /A-3307-2010; Mann, Adrian/A-3992-2012; Weihs, Timothy/A-3313-2010 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1840 EP 1848 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0248 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DN UT WOS:000222316700034 ER PT J AU Lee, TA Navrotsky, A AF Lee, TA Navrotsky, A TI Enthalpy of formation of cubic yttria-stabilized hafnia SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; ZIRCONIA; SYSTEM; THERMOCHEMISTRY; CERAMICS; OXIDES; PHASES; HFO2 AB The enthalpy of formation of cubic yttria-stabilized hafnia from monoclinic hafnia and C-type yttria was measured by oxide melt solution calorimetry. The enthalpies of formation fit a function independent of temperature and quadratic in composition. The enthalpies of transition from m-HfO2 and C-type YO1.5, to the cubic fluorite phase are 32.5 +/- 1.7 kJ/mol and 38.0 +/- 13.4 kJ/mol, respectively. The interaction parameter in the fluorite phase is strongly negative, -155.2 +/- 10.2 kJ/mol, suggesting even stronger short range order than in ZrO2-YO1.5. Regular solution theory or,my other model assuming random mixing on the cation and/or anion sublattice is not physically reasonable. A more complex solution model should be developed to be consistent with the new calorimetric data and observed phase relations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95646 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95646 USA. RP Lee, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Technol Div, NMT-16,MS G721, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1855 EP 1861 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0234 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DN UT WOS:000222316700036 ER PT J AU Wang, H Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Jia, QX MacManus-Driscoll, JL Stan, L Li, Y Zhang, X Dowden, PC AF Wang, H Foltyn, SR Arendt, PN Jia, QX MacManus-Driscoll, JL Stan, L Li, Y Zhang, X Dowden, PC TI Microstructure of SrTO3 buffer layers and its effects on superconducting properties of YBa2CU3O7-(delta) coated conductors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THICK-FILMS; MGO TEMPLATE; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; TEXTURE; TAPES AB A thin layer of SrTiO3 (STO) has successfully been used as a buffer layer to grow high-quality superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) thick films on polycrystalline metal substrates with a biaxially oriented MgO template produced by ion-beam-assisted deposition. Using this architecture, 1.5-mum-thick YBCO films with an in-plane mosaic spread in the range of 2.5degrees to 3.5degrees in full width at half-maximum and critical current density over 2 x 10(6) A/cm(2) in self-field at 75 K have routinely been achieved. It is interesting to note that the pulsed laser deposition growth conditions of SrTiO3 buffer layers, such as growth temperature and oxygen pressure, have strong effects on the superconducting properties of YBCO. Detailed studies using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to explore the microstructures of STO deposited at different conditions and to understand further their effects on the growth and properties of YBCO films. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 16 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1869 EP 1875 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0244 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833DN UT WOS:000222316700038 ER PT J AU Klett, JW McMillan, AD Gallego, NC Walls, CA AF Klett, JW McMillan, AD Gallego, NC Walls, CA TI The role of structure on the thermal properties of graphitic foams SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY ORIENTED GRAPHITE; CARBON-FIBERS; CRYSTALLITE BOUNDARIES; METAL FOAMS; CONDUCTIVITY; COMPOSITES; DEFECTS AB A high conductivity graphite foam developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) owes its unique thermal properties to the highly aligned graphitic structure along the cell walls. The material exhibits a peak in thermal conductivity at temperatures similar to that of highly ordered natural graphite, indicating the foam has an extremely graphitic nature. This paper explores the graphitic structure of the foam and attempts to correlate the morphology of the ligaments with the bulk thermal properties, up to 182 W/m.K. First, the manufacturing process of the foam and the resulting material properties are reported. Then, several models for representing the bulk materials properties are reviewed. Examination by optical image analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the structure of the graphite foam. In addition, crystallographic structure determined by X-ray diffraction is reported. A simple two parameter model of the morphology was developed and then used to predict the overall thermal properties of the foam based on the assumed highly ordered ligament structure. This new model correlated (within 5%) thermal conductivity to density of several foams, provided the average ligament conductivity could be accurately represented. From the new model and the material characterization data, it was determined that the average ligament thermal conductivity of the foam is > 1650 W/m.K at room temperature, and increases to more than 2300 W/m.K at liquid nitrogen temperatures. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klett, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM klettjw@ornl.gov RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017; OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649; Gallego, Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194 NR 84 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 34 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 11 BP 3659 EP 3676 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000030719.80262.f8 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 827DP UT WOS:000221879300014 ER PT J AU Renes, JM Blume-Kohout, R Scott, AJ Caves, CM AF Renes, JM Blume-Kohout, R Scott, AJ Caves, CM TI Symmetric informationally complete quantum measurements SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUIANGULAR LINES; STATES; FRAMES AB We consider the existence in arbitrary finite dimensions d of a positive operator valued measure (POVM) comprised of d(2) rank-one operators all of whose operator inner products are equal. Such a set is called a "symmetric, informationally complete" POVM (SIC-POVM) and is equivalent to a set of d(2) equiangular lines in C-d. SIC-POVMs are relevant for quantum state tomography, quantum cryptography, and foundational issues in quantum mechanics. We construct SIC-POVMs in dimensions two, three, and four. We further conjecture that a particular kind of group-covariant SIC-POVM exists in arbitrary dimensions, providing numerical results up to dimension 45 to bolster this claim. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Renes, JM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Scott, Andrew/A-8993-2009; Caves, Carlton/K-8167-2014; OI Caves, Carlton/0000-0001-8876-1186; Renes, Joseph M./0000-0003-2302-8025 NR 26 TC 263 Z9 266 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2171 EP 2180 DI 10.1063/1.1737053 PG 10 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 824BI UT WOS:000221658500005 ER PT J AU Bena, I Khare, A Saxena, A AF Bena, I Khare, A Saxena, A TI Soliton lattice and single soliton solutions of the associated Lame and Lame potentials SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; PERIODIC POTENTIALS; EQUATION; SYSTEMS; FIELDS AB We obtain the exact nontopological soliton lattice solutions of the associated Lame equation in different parameter regimes and compute the corresponding energy for each of these solutions. We show that in specific limits these solutions give rise to nontopological (pulse-like) single solitons, as well as to different types of topological (kink-like) single soliton solutions of the associated Lame equation. Following Manton, we also compute, as an illustration, the asymptotic interaction energy between these soliton solutions in one particular case. Finally, in specific limits, we deduce the soliton lattices, as well as the topological single soliton solutions of the Lame equation, and also the sine-Gordon soliton solution. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Geneva, Dept Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bena, I (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 2323 EP 2337 DI 10.1063/1.1738952 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 824BI UT WOS:000221658500015 ER PT J AU Daines, DA Smith, AL AF Daines, DA Smith, AL TI Construction of a nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-specific ectopic delivery vector SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae; ectopic expression; vector construction ID SEQUENCE AB Complementation of chromosomal mutations in trans can introduce artifacts due to the number of episomal copies of the gene in question. One solution is to study the gene expressed at a single ectopic site in cis. We have designed and constructed a vector that allows homologous recombination into a gene encoding a frame-shifted IS1016-V6 protein in the Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20 chromosome (HI1018). This site is the location of the greater than or equal to 35 kilobase capsule locus in encapsulated type b and d strains. This locus is not present in the nontypeable Rd KW20 strain, thus allowing ectopic expression of genes homologously recombined into HI1018 without polar effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Daines, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-501, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM daines2@llnl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI44002] NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUN PY 2004 VL 57 IS 3 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2004.02.014 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 823RS UT WOS:000221631400012 PM 15134890 ER PT J AU Draper, BL Okandan, M Mani, SS Bennett, RS AF Draper, BL Okandan, M Mani, SS Bennett, RS TI A novel method of fabricating integrated FETs for MEMS applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE field-effect transistors (FETs); microelectromechanical devices; microsensors AB This paper demonstrates a simple technique for building n-channel MOSFETs and complex micromechanical systems simultaneously instead of serially, allowing a more straightforward integration of complete systems. The fabrication sequence uses few additional process steps and only one additional masking layer compared to a MEMS-only technology. The process flow forms the MOSFET gate electrode using the first level of mechanical polycrystalline silicon, while the MOSFET source and drain regions are formed by dopant diffusions into the substrate from subsequent levels of heavily doped poly that is used for mechanical elements. The process yields devices with good, repeatable electrical characteristics suitable for a wide range of digital and analog applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Draper, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM draperbl@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2004.828735 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 826RH UT WOS:000221845700013 ER PT J AU Bernstein, JJ Taylor, WP Brazzle, JD Corcoran, CJ Kirkos, G Odhner, JE Pareek, A Waelti, M Zai, M AF Bernstein, JJ Taylor, WP Brazzle, JD Corcoran, CJ Kirkos, G Odhner, JE Pareek, A Waelti, M Zai, M TI Electromagnetically actuated mirror arrays for use in 3-D optical switching applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE actuators; electromagnetic actuation; magnetic transducers; micromachining; mirror array; optical switching; quadrupole ID SCANNER; MICROMIRROR AB This paper presents an electromagnetic MEMS mirror technology for use in 3-D optical switching applications. These mirrors may be actuated through large angles at low voltage and low current. Multiple coils on the backs of the mirrors interact with permanent magnetic fields to provide two-axis orthogonal actuation. A custom package brings the MEMS mirror array and magnets into close proximity. Actuation is linear versus drive current on both axes, and displays negligible charging and drift. These mirrors have achieved greater than 10degrees mechanical rotation per mA in each axis. The mirror rotation angle is hysteresis free to less than the 0.01degrees measurement accuracy. C1 Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Allegro Microsyst, Manchester, NH 03110 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Corcoran Engn, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. BAE Syst, Merrimack, NH USA. Corning IntelliSense, Wilmington, MA 01887 USA. Phonak AG, Staefa, Switzerland. RP Bernstein, JJ (reprint author), Charles Stark Draper Lab Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jbernstein@draper.com; wtaylor@allegomicro.com; jdbrazz@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 526 EP 535 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2004.828705 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 826RH UT WOS:000221845700016 ER PT J AU Perrey, CR Carter, CB Michael, JR Kotula, PG Stach, EA Radmilovic, VR AF Perrey, CR Carter, CB Michael, JR Kotula, PG Stach, EA Radmilovic, VR TI Using the FIB to characterize nanoparticle materials SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Advances in Focused Ion Beam Microscopy (NanoFIB 2003) CY APR 04, 2003 CL Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, ENGLAND HO Corpus Christi College DE FIB; focused ion beam; nanoparticle; sample preparation; SEM; SiC; SiCN; TEM ID FOCUSED-ION-BEAM; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; TEM SPECIMEN PREPARATION; SUPERHARD NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; PLASMA PARTICLE DEPOSITION; LIFT-OUT; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; CUTTING TECHNIQUE; MATERIALS SCIENCE; SURFACE STRESS AB In the 1-100-nm size regime, the properties of materials can differ significantly from those of their bulk counterparts. The present study applies the focused ion beam (FIB) tool to the characterization of nanoscale structures for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The strength of this method is its ability to manufacture samples that cannot be produced using traditional means. The films of nanoparticles examined here are examples of such systems; the films are found to be not fully dense, composed of chemically heterogeneous areas and mechanically different from the substrate. Distinct advantages of the application of the FIB for characterization of nanoscale structures are highlighted for several nanoparticle structures. This successful application of FIB techniques provides a pathway to integrate the study of nanoscale production techniques and their resulting structure-property relationships. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carter, CB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM carter@cems.umn.edu RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Carter, C. Barry/E-6478-2010; Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Carter, C. Barry/0000-0003-4251-9102; Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 214 BP 222 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01325.x PN 3 PG 15 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 822JS UT WOS:000221536000004 PM 15157190 ER PT J AU Maki, A Blake, TA Sams, RL Frieh, J Barber, J Masiello, T Chrysostom, ETH Nibler, JW Weber, A AF Maki, A Blake, TA Sams, RL Frieh, J Barber, J Masiello, T Chrysostom, ETH Nibler, JW Weber, A TI Analysis of some combination-overtone infrared bands of (SO3)-S-32-O-16 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID NU(1) CARS SPECTRUM; 2-NU(3) BANDS; HOT BANDS; RESOLUTION; (SO3)-S-34-O-16; NU(2); PERTURBATIONS AB several new infrared absorption bands for (SO3)-S-32-O-16 have been measured and analyzed. The principal bands observed were v(1) + v(2) (at 1561 cm(-1)), v(1) + v(4) (at 1594 cm(-1)), v(3) +v(4) (at 1918 cm(-1)), and 3v(3) (at 4136 cm(-1)). Except for 3173, these bands Lire very complicated because of (a) the Coriolis Coupling between v(1) and v(4), (b) the Fermi resonance between v(1) and 2v(4), (c) the Fermi resonance between v(1) and 2v(2), (d) ordinary l-type resonance that couples levels that differ by 2 in both the k and l quantum numbers, and (e) the vibrational l-type resonance between the A(1)', and A(2)' levels of v(3) + v(4). The unraveling of the complex pattern of these bands was facilitated by a systematic approach to the understanding of the various interactions. Fortunately, previous work on the fundamentals permitted good estimates of many constants necessary to begin the assignments and the fit of' the measurements. In addition, the use of hot band transitions accompanying the v(3) band was an essential aid in fitting the v(3) + v(4) transitions since these could be directly observed for only one of four interacting states. From the hot band analysis we find that the A, vibrational level is 3.50 cm(-1) above the A(2)' level, i.e., r(34) = 1.75236(7) cm(-1). In the case of the 3v(3) band, the spectral analysis is straightforward and a weak Deltak = +/-Deltal(3) = +/-2 interaction between the l(3) = 1 and l(3) = 3 substates locates the latter A(1)' and A(2)' "ghost" states 22.55(4)cm(-1) higher than the infrared accessible l(3) = 1 E' state. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. EM Niblerj@chem.orst.edu NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 225 IS 2 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.02.008 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 821UB UT WOS:000221487200001 ER PT J AU Goss, LM Mortensen, CD Blake, TA AF Goss, LM Mortensen, CD Blake, TA TI Rotationally resolved spectroscopy of the nu(8) band of cis-methyl-nitrite SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; MICROWAVE-SPECTRA; MATRIX SPECTRA; NITROMETHANE; ASSIGNMENTS AB The 770-880 cm(-1) region of the methyl nitrite spectrum has been recorded at a resolution of 0.0015 cm(-1) in a static cell. Consistent with published determinations of the barrier to internal rotation of the methyl group, bands belonging to the trans isomer are very congested while those belonging to the cis isomer are more tractable. A total of 634 lines have been assigned in the v(8) vibrational band of the cis isomer. These lines and 32 microwave lines have been globally fit to a Watson-type Hamiltonian with an rms deviation of 0.00044 cm(-1). An additional 150 lines were also assigned but were not included in the fit because they were split by 0.001-0.005 cm(-1), much larger than previously reported torsional or hyperfine splittings. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goss, LM (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Campus Box 8023, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM gosslisa@isu.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 225 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.02.024 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 821UB UT WOS:000221487200008 ER PT J AU Hart, RT Zwanziger, JW Lee, PL AF Hart, RT Zwanziger, JW Lee, PL TI The crystalline phase of (K2O)(15)(Nb2O5)(15)(TeO2)(70) glass ceramic is a polymorph of K2Te4O9 SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; NIOBIUM SILICATE-GLASSES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AB We propose a new model for the crystalline phase of (K2O)(15)(Nb2O5)(15) (TeO2)(70) glass ceramic. A polymorph of K2Te4O9 in space group P2(1)/c with a tetragonal lattice (a = 7.821 Angstrom, b = 16.590 Angstrom) is suggested which explains all the features of the observed diffraction patterns. This model of the ceramic phase has the cubic ordering of the cations that is indicated by the X-ray diffraction patterns, but has reasonable bond lengths and angles for the TeOx polyhedra and predicts the additional features that appear in the neutron diffraction data. The composition of the crystalline phase also explains the observed phase separation behavior. This new description of crystallization in the potassium niobate tellurite system has implications for understanding the non-linear optical response of the glass ceramic. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Mat Res Inst, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zwanziger, JW (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada. EM jzwanzig@dal.ca NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 337 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.03.106 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 824SK UT WOS:000221706600008 ER PT J AU Tang, M Valdez, JA Lu, P Gosnell, GE Wetteland, CJ Sickafus, KE AF Tang, M Valdez, JA Lu, P Gosnell, GE Wetteland, CJ Sickafus, KE TI A cubic-to-monoclinic structural transformation in the sesquioxide DY2O3 induced by ion irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH SESQUIOXIDES; HIGH-PRESSURE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; B-TYPE; OXIDES; POLYMORPHISM AB Polycrystalline pellets of the sesquioxide Dy2O3 were irradiated at cryogenic temperature with Kr++ ions to a fluence of 1 X 10(20) Kr/m(2). The crystal structure of the irradiated Dy2O3 was observed to change from a cubic, so-called C-type rare-earth sesquioxide structure to a monoclinic, B-type rare-earth sesquioxide structure upon ion irradiation. This transformation is accompanied by a decrease in molecular volume (or density increase) of approximately 9%. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kurt@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.jnuemat.2004.02.014 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 831BE UT WOS:000222167100009 ER PT J AU Rajendran, JG Fisher, DR Gopal, AK Durack, LD Press, OW Eary, JF AF Rajendran, JG Fisher, DR Gopal, AK Durack, LD Press, OW Eary, JF TI High-dose I-131-tositumomab (anti-CD20) radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Adjusting radiation absorbed dose to actual organ volumes SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Dosimetry Symposium CY APR 18-22, 2002 CL Nashville, TN DE non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; radioimmunotherapy; internal dosimetry; MIRD models; patient-specific dosimetry ID B-CELL LYMPHOMA; PHASE I/II TRIAL; INTERNAL DOSIMETRY; ANTIBODY; TRANSPLANTATION; THERAPY; I-131; PHARMACOKINETICS; SUPPORT; LIVER AB Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using I-131-tositumomab has been used successfully to treat relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Our approach to treatment planning has been to determine limits on radiation absorbed dose to critical nonhematopoietic organs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using CT to adjust for actual organ volumes in calculating organ-specific absorbed dose estimates. Methods: Records of 84 patients who underwent biodistribution studies after a trace-labeled infusion of I-131-tositumomab for RIT (January 1990 and April 2003) were reviewed. Serial planar gamma-camera images and whole-body Nal probe counts were obtained to estimate I-131-antibody source-organ residence times as recommended by the MIRD Committee. The source-organ residence times for standard man or woman were adjusted by the ratio of the MIRD phantom organ mass to the CT-derived organ mass. Results: The mean radiation absorbed doses (in mGy/MBq) for our data using the MIRD model were lungs = 1.67; liver = 1.03; kidneys = 1.08; spleen = 2.67; and whole body = 0.3; and for CT volume-adjusted organ volumes (in mGy/MBq) were lungs = 1.30; liver = 0.92; kidneys = 0.76; spleen = 1.40; and whole body = 0.22. We determined the following correlation coefficients between the 2 methods for the various organs: lungs, 0.49 (P = 0.0001); liver, 0.64 (P = 0.004); kidneys, 0.45 (P = 0.0004); spleen, 0.22 (P = 0.0001); and whole body 0.78 (P = 0.0001), for the residence times. For therapy, patients received mean 1311 administered activities of 19.2 GBq (520 mCi) after adjustment for CT-derived organ mass compared with 16.0 GBq (433 mCi) that would otherwise have been given had therapy been based only using standard MIRD organ volumes-a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: We observed large variations in organ masses among our patients. Our treatments were planned to deliver the maximally tolerated radiation dose to the dose-limiting normal organ. This work provides a simplified method for calculating patient-specific radiation doses by adjusting for the actual organ mass and shows the value of this approach in treatment planning for RIT. C1 Univ Washington, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Rajendran, JG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, Box 356113, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rajan@u.washington.edu NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1064 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 827AA UT WOS:000221869400023 PM 15181141 ER PT J AU Vadhiyar, SS Dongarra, JJ AF Vadhiyar, SS Dongarra, JJ TI GrADSolve - a grid-based RPC system for parallel computing with application-level scheduling SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE RPC; grid; GrADSolve; application-level scheduling; data staging; execution traces ID REMOTE PROCEDURE CALL; INFRASTRUCTURE AB Although some existing Remote Procedure Call (RPC) systems provide support for remote invocation of parallel applications, these RPC systems lack powerful scheduling methodologies for the dynamic selection of resources for the execution of parallel applications. Some RPC systems support parallel execution of software routines with simple modes of parallelism. Some RPC systems statically choose the configuration of resources for parallel execution even before the parallel routines are invoked remotely by the end user. These policies of the existing systems prevent them from being used for remotely solving computationally intensive parallel applications over dynamic computational Grid environments. In this paper, we discuss a RPC system called GrADSolve that supports execution of parallel applications over Grid resources. In GrADSolve, the resources used for the execution of parallel application are chosen dynamically based on the load characteristics of the resources and the characteristics of the application. Application-level scheduling is employed for taking into account both the application and resource properties. GrADSolve also stages the user's data to the end resources based on the data distribution used by the end application. Finally, GrADSolve allows the users to store execution traces for problem solving and use the traces for subsequent solutions. Experiments are presented to prove that GrADSolve's data staging mechanisms can significantly reduce the overhead associated with data movement in current RPC systems. Results are also presented to demonstrate the usefulness of utilizing the execution traces maintained by GrADSolve for problem solving. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, 107 Ayres Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM vss@cs.utk.edu; dongarra@cs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 EI 1096-0848 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 64 IS 6 BP 774 EP 783 DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2003.10.003 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 838ED UT WOS:000222695400009 ER PT J AU Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT AF Lemmon, EW Jacobsen, RT TI Equations of state for mixtures of R-32, R-125, R-134a, R-143a, and R-152a SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE density; equation of state; heat capacity; HFC-32; HFC-125; HFC-134a; HFC-143a; HFC-152a; R-404A; R-407C; R-410A; R-507; refrigerant mixtures; speed of sound; thermodynamic properties; VLE ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; BINARY REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; 1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE (HFC-143A)+1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE HFC-134A; INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FORMULATION; PLUS PENTAFLUOROETHANE R-32+125; P-RHO-T; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PVTX PROPERTIES; CRITICAL LOCUS; COEXISTENCE CURVE AB Mixture models explicit in Helmholtz energy have been developed to calculate the thermodynamic properties of refrigerant mixtures containing R-32, R-125, R-134a, R143a, and R-152a. The Helmholtz energy of the mixture is the sum of the ideal gas contribution, the compressibility (or real fluid) contribution, and the contribution from mixing. The independent variables are the density, temperature, and composition. The model may be used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of mixtures, including dew and bubble point properties, within the experimental uncertainties of the available measured properties. It incorporates the most accurate equations of state available for each pure fluid. The estimated uncertainties of calculated properties are 0.1% in density and 0.5% in heat capacities and in the speed of sound. Calculated bubble point pressures have typical uncertainties of 0.5%. (C) 2004 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ericl@baulder.nist.gov NR 83 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JUN PY 2004 VL 33 IS 2 BP 593 EP 620 DI 10.1063/1.1649997 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 831RK UT WOS:000222213600009 ER PT J AU Van Siclen, CD AF Van Siclen, CD TI Effective diffusivity of solute in multiphase materials with segregation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE diffusion; transport properties ID WALKER DIFFUSION AB The effective diffusion coefficient D-eff for solute in a multiphase microstructure in which solute segregation can occur is related to D-eff for an isomorphic microstructure in which no segregation occurs. This permits analytical expressions (approximations, bounds, etc.) and methods of numerical calculation for D-eff that neglect solute segregation to be applied to systems that exhibit segregation. As an example, exact results are obtained for solute diffusion and segregation to grain boundaries in an idealized polycrystalline microstructure. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Van Siclen, CD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM cvs@inel.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JUN PY 2004 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.10.063 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 820PM UT WOS:000221401800025 ER PT J AU Helean, KB Ushakov, SV Brown, CE Navrotsky, A Lian, J Ewing, RC Farmer, JM Boatner, LA AF Helean, KB Ushakov, SV Brown, CE Navrotsky, A Lian, J Ewing, RC Farmer, JM Boatner, LA TI Formation enthalpies of rare earth titanate pyrochlores SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; pyrochlore; nuclear waste; enthalpy ID ALPHA-DECAY DAMAGE; GADOLINIUM ZIRCONATE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; DISORDER; OXIDES; CALORIMETRY; WASTE; IMMOBILIZATION; THERMODYNAMICS; PLUTONIUM AB High-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry and Rietveld refinements of powder X-ray diffraction data were used to investigate the structure (Fd3m; Z=8) and energetics of a series of RE2Ti2O7 (RE-Sm-Lu) compounds with the pyrochlore structure as well as La2Ti2O7 with a layered perovskite-type structure. All of the RE-titanates were found to be stable in enthalpy with respect to their oxides. In the pyrochlore series, Lu2Ti2O7 was least stable in enthalpy (DeltaHf-ox at 298K = 56.0+/-4.0kJ/mol); the most stable materials were Gd-, Eu-, and Sm2Ti2O7 with DeltaHf-ox at 298K=-113.4+/-2.7, -106.1+/-4.2. -115.4+/-4.2kJ/mol, respectively. In general, as the radius ratio of the A- to B-site cations. R-A/R-B. decreases, the pyrochlore structure becomes less stable. The trend of ionic radius of the RE3+ cation vs. DeltaHF-ox at 298 K is non-linear and approximately parallels the increasing "resistance" to ion-beam-induced amorphization as R-A/R-B decreases. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Thermochem Facil, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Thermochem Facil, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 1 Sheilds Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu RI Ushakov, Sergey/C-5501-2008; Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Ushakov, Sergey/I-7278-2012; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Ushakov, Sergey/0000-0002-8184-8884 NR 65 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 35 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1858 EP 1866 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.01.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 825PB UT WOS:000221769300011 ER PT J AU Christensen, AN Jensen, TR Hanson, JC AF Christensen, AN Jensen, TR Hanson, JC TI Formation of ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)(3)(OH)(12)center dot 26H(2)O, AFt, and monosulfate, Ca4Al2O6(SO4)center dot 14H(2)O, AFm-14, in hydrothermal hydration of Portland cement and of calcium aluminum oxide - calcium sulfate dihydrate mixtures studied by in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal; hydration; ettringite; monosulfate; in situ powder diffraction; synchrotron radiation ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; SOLID-SOLUTION; TIME AB In the hydration of calcium aluminum oxide-gypsum mixtures, i.e., Ca3Al2O6, Ca12Al14O33 and CaSO(4)(.)2H(2)O, the reaction products can be ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)(3)(OH)(12)(.)26H(2)O, monosulfate, Ca4Al2O6(SO4)(.)14H(2)O, or the calcium aluminum oxide hydrate, Ca4Al2O7 - 19H(2)O. Ettringite is formed if sufficient CaSO(4)(.)2H(2)O is present in the mixture. Ettringite is converted to monosulfate when all CaSO(4)(.)2H(2)O is consumed in the synthesis of ettringite. The reactions were investigated in the temperature range 25-170degreesC using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. This technique allows the study of very fast chemical reactions that are observed here under hydrothermal conditions. A new experimental approach was developed to perform in situ mixing of the reactants during X-ray data collection. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jensen, TR (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM trj@chem.au.dk RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010; Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1944 EP 1951 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2003.12.030 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 825PB UT WOS:000221769300022 ER PT J AU Weil, KS AF Weil, KS TI The chromium tungsten nitride system: evidence of a disorder-order phase transformation SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE transition metal nitridges; phase transformation ID TERNARY NITRIDE; METAL NITRIDES; DIFFRACTION; CHEMISTRY AB A detailed investigation of the synthesis of CrWN2, from a chemical precursor has revealed that it forms via an intermediate disordered nitride. The kinetics of this disordered to ordered phase transformation have been determined and suggest that the layered compound nucleates and grows epitaxially out of the disordered nitride via a two-dimensional transformation mechanism in which cation ordering takes place at the interface between the two structures. Results from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis were used to identify the interfacial relationship between the disordered and ordered phases. In combination with our kinetic data, this information implies that ordering occurs through a short-range, interfacially controlled diffusional process. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.weil@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 177 IS 6 BP 1976 EP 1986 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.01.023 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 825PB UT WOS:000221769300026 ER PT J AU Cherry, BR Nyman, M Alam, TM AF Cherry, BR Nyman, M Alam, TM TI Investigation of cation environment and framework changes in silicotitanate exchange materials using solid-state Na-23, Si-29 and Cs-133 MAS NMR SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE silicotitanate; ion exchange; selectivity; cesium; solid-state NMR ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; ION-EXCHANGE; POROUS TITANOSILICATE; AMPLITUDE-MODULATION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; MQMAS NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALLINE AB Crystalline silicotitanate (CST), HNa3Ti4Si2O14 (.) 4H(2)O and the Nb-substituted CST (Nb-CST), HNa2Ti3NbSi2O14 (.) 4H(2)O, are highly selective Cs+ sorbents, which makes them attractive materials for the selective removal of radioactive species from nuclear waste solutions. The structural basis for the improved Cs+ selectivity in the niobium analogs was investigated through a series of solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments. Changes in the local environment of the Na+ and Cs+ cations in both CST and Nb-CST materials as a function of weight percent cesium exchange were investigated using Na-23 and Cs-133 MAS NMR. Framework changes induced by Cs+ loading and hydration state were investigated with Si-29 MAS NMR. Multiple Cs+ environments were observed in the CST and Nb-CST material. The relative population of these different Cs+ environments varies with the extent of Cs+ loading. Marked changes in the framework Si environment were noted with the initial incorporation of Cs+ however with increased Cs+ loading the impact to the Si environment becomes less pronounced. The Cs+ environment and Si framework structure were influenced by the Nb-substitution and were greatly affected by the amount of water present in the materials. The increased Cs+ selectivity of the Nb-CST materials arises from both the chemistry and geometry of the tunnels and pores. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Environm Monitoring & Characterizat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cherry, BR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800,MS0888, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM brcherr@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 177 IS 6 BP 2079 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.02.020 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 825PB UT WOS:000221769300039 ER PT J AU Sandu, V Cimpoiasu, E Almasan, CC Paulikas, AP Veal, BW AF Sandu, V Cimpoiasu, E Almasan, CC Paulikas, AP Veal, BW TI Charge transport in spin-textured YBa2Cu3O6.25 SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE YBa2Cu3O6+x; charged skyrmion; chiral VRH; magnetic texture; transport mechanisms ID ANTIFERROMAGNETS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; VACANCIES; STATES; MODEL AB The electric transport of the charged particles in a spin texture was investigated in a strongly underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.25 single crystal in order to identify the characteristic electrical transport mechanism. The in-plane resistivity revealed three different regimes of charge transport: a chiral 2D VRH regime up to 55 K with a characteristic temperature T(d)approximate to12,400 K, an impurity band conduction regime above 55 K, and a metallic-like regime beyond 170 K. The out-of-plane resistivity has only one crossover at 115 K, but the conduction mechanisms controlling the two regimes are not clear. C1 Natl Inst Mat Phys, Dept Low Temp Phys & Superconduct, R-76900 Bucharest 7, Romania. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11744 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sandu, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Phys, Dept Low Temp Phys & Superconduct, R-76900 Bucharest 7, Romania. RI Sandu, Viorel/B-8660-2011 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 17 IS 3 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1023/B:JOSC.0000034273.20391.59 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 835RA UT WOS:000222502000021 ER PT J AU Nakagawa, S Nihei, KT Myer, LR AF Nakagawa, S Nihei, KT Myer, LR TI Plane wave solution for elastic wave scattering by a heterogeneous fracture SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; PERIODIC ARRAY; INTERFACE; CONTACT; CRACKS AB A plane-wave method for computing the three-dimensional scattering of propagating elastic waves by a planar fracture with heterogeneous fracture compliance distribution is presented. This method is based upon the spatial Fourier transform of the seismic displacement-discontinuity (SDD) boundary conditions (also. called linear slip interface conditions), and therefore, called the wave-number-domain SDD method (wd-SDD method). The resulting boundary conditions explicitly show the coupling between plane waves with an incident wave number component (specular component) and scattered waves which do not follow Snell's law (nonspecular components) if the fracture is viewed as a planar boundary. For a spatially periodic fracture compliance distribution, these boundary conditions can be cast into a linear system of equations that can be solved for the amplitudes of individual wave modes and wave numbers. We demonstrate the developed technique for a simulated fracture with a stochastic (correlated) surface compliance distribution. Low- and high-frequency solutions of the method are also compared to the predictions by low-order Born series in the weak and strong scattering limit. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakagawa, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM snakagawa@lbl.gov RI Nakagawa, Seiji/F-9080-2015; Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 OI Nakagawa, Seiji/0000-0002-9347-0903; NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 6 BP 2761 EP 2772 DI 10.1121/1.1739483 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 830VZ UT WOS:000222153500006 ER PT J AU Watanabe, T Nihei, KT Nakagawa, S Myer, LR AF Watanabe, T Nihei, KT Nakagawa, S Myer, LR TI Viscoacoustic wave form inversion of transmission data for velocity and attenuation SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC ATTENUATION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; TRAVEL-TIME; TOMOGRAPHY; SPACE; SAND AB This study investigates the performance of a frequency domain viscoacoustic full wave form nonlinear inversion to obtain high resolution images of velocity and attenuation. An efficient frequency domain implementation is applied that consists of performing a series of single frequency inversions sweeping from low to high frequency. A cascaded inversion was adopted in which the real part of the velocity is first imaged using the phase information, then the quality factor (Q) is imaged using the amplitude information. Tests with synthetic data indicate that our approach yielded better images than the simultaneous determination of the real and imaginary parts of the complex velocity. The method is applied to laboratory data obtained in a water tank with suspended acrylic bars. Broadband 200 kHz data are obtained for a crosshole configuration with a computer-controlled scanning-system and piezofilm source and detector. The velocity image produced by the full wave form inversion is compared to a curved ray travel time tomography velocity, image, and was observed to possess higher resolution and more precise locations of the acrylic bars. The Q image shows a lower resolution than the velocity image, but recovers the correct Q for acrylic. This method can be applied for geophysical applications targeted to soil, unconsolidated rocks, and marine sediments and also nondestructive evaluation and medical applications. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Kyoto Univ, Dept Earth Resources Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Watanabe, T (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Res Ctr Seismol Volcanol & Disaster Mitigat, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. EM watanabe@seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Nakagawa, Seiji/F-9080-2015; Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 OI Nakagawa, Seiji/0000-0002-9347-0903; NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 115 IS 6 BP 3059 EP 3067 DI 10.1121/1.1710878 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 830VZ UT WOS:000222153500038 ER PT J AU Malvadkar, SB Smith, D McGurl, GV AF Malvadkar, SB Smith, D McGurl, GV TI Supply curves for using powder river basin coal to reduce sulfur emissions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Supply curves were prepared for coal-fired power plants in the contiguous United States switching to Wyoming's Powder River Basin (PRB) low-sulfur coal. Up to 625 plants, representing similar to44% of the nameplate capacity of all coal-fired plants, could switch. If all switched, more than $8.8 billion additional capital would be required and the cost of electricity would increase by up to $5.9 billion per year, depending on levels of plant derating. Coal switching would result in sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions reduction of 4.5 million t/yr. Increase in cost of electricity would be in the range of 0.31-0.73 cents per kilowatt-hour. Average cost of S emissions reduction could be as high as $1298 per t of SO2. Up to 367 plants, or 59% of selected plants with 32% of 44% nameplate capacity, could have marginal cost in excess of $1000 per t of SO2. Up to 73 plants would appear to benefit from both a lowering of the annual cost and a lowering of SO2 emissions by switching to the PRB coal. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Off Syst & Policy Support, Morgantown, WV USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Off Syst & Policy Support, Morgantown, WV USA. EM shreekant.malvadkar@netl.doe.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 6 BP 741 EP 749 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 828NO UT WOS:000221980200008 PM 15242153 ER PT J AU Barnes, JH Schilling, GD Hieftje, GM Sperline, RP Denton, MB Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW AF Barnes, JH Schilling, GD Hieftje, GM Sperline, RP Denton, MB Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW TI Use of a novel array detector for the direct analysis of solid samples by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma sector-field mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL RESPONSE VARIATIONS; ISOTOPE RATIO MEASUREMENTS; DEPTH PROFILE ANALYSIS; LA-ICP-MS; CAPABILITIES; SPECTROGRAPH; CALIBRATION; METALS AB The use of laser ablation (LA) as a sample-introduction method for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) creates a powerful tool for trace elemental analysis. With this type of instrument, high analyte spatial resolution is possible in three dimensions with ng/g limits of detection and minimal sample consumption. Here, simultaneous detection is used to eliminate the correlated noise that plagues the ablation process. This benefit allows analyses to be performed with single laser pulses, resulting in improved depth resolution, even less sample consumption, and improved measurement precision. The new instrument includes an LA sample-introduction system coupled to an ICP ionization source and a Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrograph (MHMS) fitted with a novel array detector. With this instrument, absolute limits of detection are in the tens to hundreds of fg regime and isotope-ratio precision is better than 0.02% RSD with a one-hour integration period. Finally, depth-profile analysis has been performed with a depth resolution of 5 nm per ablation event. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Hieftje, GM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, A150 Chem Bldg,800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM hieftje@indiana.edu NR 32 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 769 EP 776 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.01.010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 824SW UT WOS:000221707900001 PM 15144966 ER PT J AU Chien, W Anbalagan, V Zandler, M Van Stipdonk, M Hanna, D Gresham, G Groenewold, G AF Chien, W Anbalagan, V Zandler, M Van Stipdonk, M Hanna, D Gresham, G Groenewold, G TI Intrinsic hydration of monopositive uranyl hydroxide, nitrate, and acetate cations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; TRANSITION-METAL IONS; COUPLED CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE HYDRATION; MOLECULE REACTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; BINDING-ENERGIES; COMPLEXES; WATER AB The intrinsic hydration of three monopositive uranyl-anion complexes (UO(2)A)(+) (where A = acetate, nitrate, or hydroxide) was investigated using ion-trap mass spectrometry (IT-MS). The relative rates for the formation of the monohydrates [(UO(2)A)(H2O)](+), with respect to the anion, followed the trend: Acetate greater than or equal to nitrate much greater than hydroxide. This finding was rationalized in terms of the donation of electron density by the strongly basic OH- to the uranyl metal center, thereby reducing the Lewis acidity of U and its propensity to react with incoming nucleophiles, viz., H2O. An alternative explanation is that the more complex acetate and nitrate anions provide increased degrees of freedom that could accommodate excess energy from the hydration reaction. The monohydrates also reacted with water, forming dihydrates and then trihydrates. The rates for formation of the nitrate and acetate dihydrates [(UO(2)A)(H2O)(2)](+) were very similar to the rates for formation of the monohydrates; the presence of the first H2O ligand had no influence on the addition of the second. In contrast, formation of the [(UO2OH)(H2O)(2)](+) was nearly three times faster than the formation of the monohydrate. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Kansas Wesleyan Univ, Dept Chem, Salina, KS USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Van Stipdonk, M (reprint author), Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. EM mike.vanstipdonk@Wichita.edu NR 49 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 777 EP 783 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 824SW UT WOS:000221707900002 PM 15144967 ER PT J AU Hurst, GB Lankford, TK Kennel, SJ AF Hurst, GB Lankford, TK Kennel, SJ TI Mass spectrometric detection of affinity purified crosslinked peptides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN COMPLEXES; DISTANCE CONSTRAINTS; UNIVERSAL ISOLATION; LINKING; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION; EXAMPLE AB Chemical crosslinking of proteins combined with mass spectrometric analysis of the tryptic digest of the products shows considerable promise as a tool for interrogating structure and geometry of proteins and protein complexes. An impediment to the use of this tool has been the difficulty of distinguishing crosslinked peptide pairs from non-crosslinked peptides, and from the products of side reactions. We describe the use of a commercially available biotinylated crosslinking reagent, sulfo-SBED, that allows affinity-based enrichment of crosslinked species. An intramolecular crosslink is prepared using the peptide neurotensin as a model system. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra show the predicted crosslinking product, as well as several side products. Finally, we describe the optimized enrichment of biotinylated species, and reduction of non-specific binding, for a batch-mode affinity separation based on immobilized monomeric avidin. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hurst, GB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS 6131, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hurstgb@ornl.gov NR 30 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 832 EP 839 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.02.008 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 824SW UT WOS:000221707900007 PM 15144972 ER PT J AU Russell, SC Czerwieniec, G Lebrilla, C Tobias, H Fergenson, DP Steele, P Pitesky, M Horn, J Srivastava, A Frank, M Gard, EE AF Russell, SC Czerwieniec, G Lebrilla, C Tobias, H Fergenson, DP Steele, P Pitesky, M Horn, J Srivastava, A Frank, M Gard, EE TI Toward understanding the ionization of biomarkers from micrometer particles by bio-aerosol mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; INTACT MICROORGANISMS; REAL-TIME; BACTERIA; DESORPTION; IONS; MALDI AB The appearance of informative signals in the mass spectra of laser-ablated bio-aerosol particles depends on the effective ionization probabilities (EIP) of individual components during the laser ionization process. This study investigates how bio-aerosol chemical composition governs the EIP values of specific components and the overall features of the spectra from the bio-aerosol mass spectrometry (BAMS). EIP values were determined for a series of amino acid, dipicolinic acid, and peptide aerosol particles to determine what chemical features aid in ionization. The spectra of individual amino acids and dipicolinic acid, as well as mixtures, were examined for extent of fragmentation and the presence of molecular ion dimers, which are indicative of ionization conditions. Standard mixtures yielded information with respect to the significance of secondary ion plume reactions on observed spectra. A greater understanding of how these parameters affect EIP and spectra characteristics of bio-aerosols will aid in the intelligent selection of viable future biomarkers for the identification of bio-terrorism agents. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lebrilla, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cblebrilla@ucdavis.edu RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 900 EP 909 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.02.013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 824SW UT WOS:000221707900015 PM 15144980 ER PT J AU Klein, M Sin, SJ AF Klein, M Sin, SJ TI Matrix model, Kutasov duality and factorization of Seiberg-Witten curves SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE duality; matrix model ID ELECTRIC-MAGNETIC DUALITY; ABELIAN GAUGE-THEORIES; FLAVOR AB We study the duality of N = 1 gauge theories in the presence of a massless adjoint field and massive quarks by calculating the superpotential using the Dighkgraaf-Vafa matrix model and by comparing with the previous result coming from Kutasov duality. The Kutasov duality method gives a result in which one instanton term is absent. The matrix model method confirms it and also shows that the absence of the one instanton term is related to the masslessness of the adjoint field. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Hanyang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Klein, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjsin@hanyang.ac.kr NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1368 EP 1376 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 829QV UT WOS:000222065600005 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Park, JM Hong, SH AF Kim, Y Park, JM Hong, SH TI Geometrical effects of the discharge system on the corona discharge and chemically active species generated in wire-cylinder and wire-plate reactors SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE numerical modeling; corona discharge; chemically active species; wire-cylinder reactor; wire-plate reactor; geometrical effect ID PULSED CORONA; AIR; SIMULATION; STREAMER; PLASMAS AB Time-dependent one- and two-dimensional numerical models are developed to analyze the influence of the design and the operating conditions on streamer propagation and active-species generation in wire-cylinder and wire-plate reactors. One-dimensional calculations for the corona model of a wire-cylinder reactor showed that fixed ratios of the wire to the cylinder radii, a/b, and the applied voltage to the cylinder radius, V-a/b, were the key design parameters for controlling the discharge characteristics. In addition, shape of pulse voltage externally applied to the electrodes is newly suggested for generating a new-uniform electric field over the entire discharge region. Two-dimensional calculations for a wire-plate reactor found that the wire-to-wire spacing, c, along the parallel-plate direction should be at least twice the wire-to-plate distance, d, to produce non-equilibrium plasmas effectively for generating a, large volume of resultant chemically active species (c/d greater than or equal to 2). C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yhkim@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1458 EP 1467 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 829QV UT WOS:000222065600021 ER PT J AU Arsenlis, A Parks, DM Becker, R Bulatov, VV AF Arsenlis, A Parks, DM Becker, R Bulatov, VV TI On the evolution of crystallographic dislocation density in non-homogeneously deforming crystals SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE crystal plasticity; strain gradient plasticity; continuum dislocation theory ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; MODEL; METALS; POLYCRYSTALS; INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB A set of evolution equations for dislocation density is developed incorporating the combined evolution of statistically stored and geometrically necessary densities. The statistical density evolves through Burgers vector-conserving reactions based in dislocation mechanics. The geometric density evolves due to the divergence of dislocation fluxes associated with the inhomogeneous nature of plasticity in crystals. Integration of the density-based model requires additional dislocation density/density-flux boundary conditions to complement the standard traction/displacement boundary conditions. The dislocation density evolution equations and the coupling of the dislocation density flux to the slip deformation in a continuum crystal plasticity model are incorporated into a finite element model. Simulations of an idealized crystal with a simplified slip geometry are conducted to demonstrate the length scale-dependence of the mechanical behavior of the constitutive model. The model formulation and simulation results have direct implications on the ability to explicitly model the interaction of dislocation densities with grain boundaries and on the net effect of grain boundaries on the macroscopic mechanical response of polycrystals. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Arsenlis, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-371, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM arsenlis@llnl.gov RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 50 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 5 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JUN PY 2004 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1213 EP 1246 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2003.12.007 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 813VD UT WOS:000220933700001 ER PT J AU Peters, DW Kemme, SA Hadley, GR AF Peters, DW Kemme, SA Hadley, GR TI Effect of finite grating, waveguide width, and end-facet geometry on resonant subwavelength grating reftectivity SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION FILTERS; BEAMS; SIZE AB Resonant subwavelength gratings (RSGs) offer narrowband high reflectivity with low-reflectivity sidebands. Analysis with the commonly used rigorous coupled-wave analysis assumes an RSG with infinite lateral extent and illumination by plane waves. This analysis is performed with a finite-difference semivectorial high-order accurate two-dimensional Helmholtz code that is able to simulate the entire finite RSG structure in the dimension of the grating vector. We study the effect of finite beam size on RSG reflectivity, resonant wavelength, and spectral response width. Independently, we study the effect of a finite RSG by varying the wave-guide length and number of grating periods while fixing the beam size. We show that the placement of the waveguide end facets relative to the termination of the grating has a significant effect on the reflectivity and response width. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peters, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwpeter@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 981 EP 987 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.000981 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 823SL UT WOS:000221633300009 PM 15191178 ER PT J AU Polonsky, IN Davis, AB AF Polonsky, IN Davis, AB TI Lateral photon transport in dense scattering and weakly absorbing media of finite thickness: asymptotic analysis of the space-time Green function SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID TISSUE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIQUID WATER-CONTENT; ANGLE IMAGING LIDAR; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; RESOLVED REFLECTANCE; PERTURBATION-THEORY; BIOLOGICAL TISSUES; INDEPENDENT PIXEL; STEADY-STATE AB The asymptotic law for the radial distribution of radiance density from an isotropic point source placed in a slab of homogeneous absorbing and scattering material is obtained within the framework of diffusion theory. The exponential shape of the tail of the resulting Green function has been observed but was not theoretically explained until now. We derive formulas for both the steady-state and the time-dependent problems. The theoretical results are verified by comparison with Monte Carlo simulations. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, ISR 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Polonsky, IN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, ISR 2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1025 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.21.001018 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 823SL UT WOS:000221633300015 PM 15191184 ER PT J AU Awasthi, V Meinken, G Springer, K Srivastava, SC Freimuth, P AF Awasthi, V Meinken, G Springer, K Srivastava, SC Freimuth, P TI Biodistribution of radioiodinated adenovirus fiber protein knob domain after intravenous injection in mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED GENE-TRANSFER; CILIATED AIRWAY EPITHELIA; COXSACKIE-B VIRUS; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; 1.7-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; PENTON BASE; IN-VIVO; BINDING; CAR AB The knob domains from the fiber proteins of adenovirus serotypes 2 and 12 were labeled with radioiodine and then injected into the bloodstreams of mice. Knob proteins with functional binding sites for the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) were cleared rapidly from the circulation, with radioactivity appearing predominantly in the stomach, while knob mutants unable to bind to CAR remained in the blood circulation for a prolonged period. The clearance of radiolabeled wild-type knob from the blood was slowed by coinjecting an excess of unlabeled wild-type knob protein. An earlier study showed that Tc-99m-labeled knob protein with intact CAR-binding activity also cleared rapidly from the blood circulation of mice, with radioactivity accumulating predominantly in the liver (K. R. Zinn et al., Gene Ther. 5:798-808, 1998). Together these results suggest that rapid clearance of knob protein from the blood results from specific binding to CAR in the liver and that the bound knob then enters a degradative pathway. The elevated levels of radioiodine in the stomach observed in our experiments are consistent with deiodination of labeled knob by dehalogenases in hepatocyte microsomes and uptake of the resultant free radioiodine by Na/I symporters in the gastric mucosa. Although CAR has been shown to localize in tight junctions of polarized epithelial cells, where it functions in intercellular adhesion, the results of our study suggest that a subset of CAR molecules in the liver is highly accessible to ligands in the blood and able to rapidly deliver bound ligand to an intracellular degradative compartment. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Freimuth, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM freimuth@bnl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 36251, R01 AI036251] NR 51 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 12 BP 6431 EP 6438 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.12.6431-6438.2004 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 825QC UT WOS:000221772000036 PM 15163736 ER PT J AU Kuhmann, SE Pugach, P Kunstman, KJ Taylor, J Stanfield, RL Snyder, A Strizki, JM Riley, J Baroudy, BM Wilson, IA Korber, BT Wolinsky, SM Moore, JP AF Kuhmann, SE Pugach, P Kunstman, KJ Taylor, J Stanfield, RL Snyder, A Strizki, JM Riley, J Baroudy, BM Wilson, IA Korber, BT Wolinsky, SM Moore, JP TI Genetic and phenotypic analyses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape from a small-molecule CCR5 inhibitor (vol 78, pg 2790, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Med Sch, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Schering Plough Corp, Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuhmann, SE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 78 IS 12 BP 6706 EP 6706 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.12.6706.2004 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 825QC UT WOS:000221772000064 ER PT J AU Weber, S Riazuelo, G Michel, P Loubere, R Walraet, F Tikhonchuk, VT Malka, V Ovadia, J Bonnaud, G AF Weber, S Riazuelo, G Michel, P Loubere, R Walraet, F Tikhonchuk, VT Malka, V Ovadia, J Bonnaud, G TI Modeling of laser-plasma interaction on hydrodynamic scales: Physics development and comparison with experiments SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Simulations of Ultra Intense Laser Beams Interaction with Matter CY APR 14-16, 2003 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP Polytechn Univ, Madrid, Univ Bordeaux 1, Univ Milano Bicocca, Commissariat Energie Atom, European Sci Fdn DE ICF plasmas; laser-plasma interaction; nonlocal transport; plasma-induced smoothing; transport modeling of plasmas ID NONLOCAL ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; UNDERDENSE PLASMAS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; HOT-SPOTS; BEAMS; SIMULATIONS AB The forthcoming laser installations related to inertial confinement fusion, Laser Megajoule (LMJ) (France) and National Ignition Facility (NIF) (USA), require multidimensional numerical simulation tools for interpreting current experimental data and to perform predictive modeling for future experiments. Simulations of macroscopic plasma volumes of the order of I mm 3 and laser exposure times of the order of hundreds of picoseconds are necessary. We present recent developments in the PARAX code towards this goal. The laser field is treated in a standard paraxial approximation in three dimensions. The plasma response is described by single-fluid, two-temperature, fully nonlinear hydrodynamical equations in the plane transverse to the laser propagation axis. The code also accounts for the dominant nonlocal transport terms in spectral form originating from a linearized solution to the Fokker-Planck equation. The simulations of interest are hohlraum plasmas in the case of indirect drive or the plasma corona for direct drive. Recent experimental results on plasma-induced smoothing of RPP laser beams are used to validate the code. C1 Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Lasers Intenses & Applicat, UMR 5107, CNRS,CEA, F-33405 Talence, France. CEA, DIF, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, UMR 7605, CNRS,Ecole Polytech,CEA, Palaiseau, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T7, Los Alamos, NM USA. Ecole Natl Super Tech Avancees, CNRS, UMR 7639, Lab Opt Appl, Palaiseau, France. CEA, DEV, CESTA, DAM,SIS, Le Barp, France. CEA, DSE, Paris, France. RP Weber, S (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Lasers Intenses & Applicat, UMR 5107, CNRS,CEA, F-33405 Talence, France. EM weber@celia.u-bordeaux1.fr RI Malka, Victor/F-5260-2010; Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0263-0346 J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 189 EP 195 DI 10.1017/S0263034604222157 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 836RO UT WOS:000222573600015 ER PT J AU Regan, PH Valiente-Dobon, JJ Wheldon, C Wu, CY Smith, JF Macchiavelli, AO Cline, D Chakrawarthy, RS Chapman, R Cromaz, M Fallon, P Freeman, SJ Gorgen, A Gelletly, W Hayes, A Langdown, SD Lee, IY Liang, X Pearson, CJ Podolyak, Z Teng, R Ward, D Warner, DD Yamamoto, AD AF Regan, PH Valiente-Dobon, JJ Wheldon, C Wu, CY Smith, JF Macchiavelli, AO Cline, D Chakrawarthy, RS Chapman, R Cromaz, M Fallon, P Freeman, SJ Gorgen, A Gelletly, W Hayes, A Langdown, SD Lee, IY Liang, X Pearson, CJ Podolyak, Z Teng, R Ward, D Warner, DD Yamamoto, AD TI Production of exotic nuclear isomers in multi-nucleon transfer reactions SO LASER PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nuclear isomeric states; gamma-ray spectroscopy; multinucleon transfer reactions ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; HIGH-SPIN STATES; DEEP-INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; INCOMPLETE FUSION; ATOMIC-NUCLEI; GROUND-STATE; K-ISOMER; SPECTROSCOPY AB This paper reports on recent work using multinucleon transfer reactions to populate metastable states in neutron-rich rare-earth and transitional nuclei with A similar to 180-200. The use of a position sensitive gas-filled detector CHICO allowed the directions of the binary fragments to be measured, thereby enabling event-by-event Doppler corrections to be made for the prompt, in-beam transitions depopulating the nuclei of interest. By using the temporal calibration provided by (i) the measurement of the binary reaction fragments and (ii) the natural pulsing of the cyclotron beam, transitions from metastable states with lifetimes in the nano-to microsecond regime could be identified. The complementarity of this technique with the novel use of relativistic projectile fragmentation reactions is outlined, together with potential future avenues for this research, with a particular emphasis on the population of exotic isomeric states at high angular momentum and excitation energy values. Time of flight difference versus laboratory angle for the binary fragments of the reaction of an 850 MeV Xe-136 beam on a thin, self-supporting Pt-198 target as measured in CHICO. C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Manchester, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paisley, Dept Elect Engn & Phys, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. CLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Regan, PH (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM p.regan@surrey.ac.uk RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Wheldon, Carl/F-9203-2013; OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 NR 78 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1612-2011 EI 1612-202X J9 LASER PHYS LETT JI Laser Phys. Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 1 IS 6 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1002/lapl.200410073 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 899XY UT WOS:000227180300009 ER PT J AU Abuzaina, FM Garetz, BA Mody, JU Newstein, MC Balsara, NP AF Abuzaina, FM Garetz, BA Mody, JU Newstein, MC Balsara, NP TI Birefringence and depolarized light scattering from ordered block copolymers with anisotropic distributions of grain orientations produced by shear flow SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LAMELLAR DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYSTYRENE-POLYISOPRENE; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; INDUCED ALIGNMENT; THIN-FILMS; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSITION AB We have observed birefringence and depolarized light scattering patterns with 2-fold symmetry from a cylindrical diblock copolymer solution that was ordered under shear flow. We have developed a theory to account for such 2-fold symmetric scattering patterns, based on a model that assumes an anisotropic orientation distribution of ellipsoidal grains in the sample. We also show how scattering patterns can be approximately reduced to the sum of three terms of the form C-n(theta) cos(nphi), where theta and phi are polar angles in the detection plane and n = 0, 2, and 4. By comparing the experimentally determined C-n(theta) functions with theoretical calculations, we estimated the fraction of the sample that is composed of misaligned grains, their size and eccentricity, and the angular range over which their optic axes were distributed (DeltaTheta). The analysis of the optical properties of these kinds of systems is complicated by the fact that the signal from misaligned grains diminishes extremely rapidly as DeltaTheta decreases. C1 Polytech Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Sci & Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Energies & Technol Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polytech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garetz, BA (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Sci & Engn, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 11 BP 4185 EP 4195 DI 10.1021/ma035808t PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 824LR UT WOS:000221688600035 ER PT J AU Norton, DP Heo, YW Ivill, MP Ip, K Pearton, SJ Chisholm, MF Steiner, T AF Norton, D. P. Heo, Y. W. Ivill, M. P. Ip, K. Pearton, S. J. Chisholm, M. F. Steiner, T. TI ZnO: growth, doping & processing SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article AB A review is given here of recent results in developing improved control of growth, doping, and fabrication processes for ZnO devices with possible applications to ultraviolet (UV) light emitters, spin functional devices, gas sensors, transparent electronics, and surface acoustic wave devices. ZnO can be grown on cheap substrates such as glass at relatively low temperatures and may have advantages over the GaN system in some of these applications. C1 [Norton, D. P.; Heo, Y. W.; Ivill, M. P.; Ip, K.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Chisholm, M. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Steiner, T.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu FU AFOSR [F49620-03-1-0370]; NSF [DMR-0305228] FX The work at UF is partially supported by AFOSR grant under grant number F49620-03-1-0370 and NSF grant number DMR-0305228. NR 48 TC 347 Z9 353 U1 13 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD JUN PY 2004 VL 7 IS 6 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00287-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32DK UT WOS:000208931700031 ER PT J AU Murphy, MK Piper, RK Greenwood, LR Mitch, MG Lamperti, PJ Seltzer, SM Bales, MJ Phillips, MH AF Murphy, MK Piper, RK Greenwood, LR Mitch, MG Lamperti, PJ Seltzer, SM Bales, MJ Phillips, MH TI Evaluation of the new cesium-131 seed for use in low-energy x-ray brachytherapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE air-kerma strength; anisotropy function; brachytherapy; brachytherapy seed; cesium-131; dose rate constant; dosimetry; Monte Carlo; radial dose function; thermoluminescent dosimetry; TG-43 ID RADIATION-THERAPY COMMITTEE; CARLO-AIDED DOSIMETRY; EGS4 MONTE-CARLO; PERMANENT IMPLANTS; I-125; MODEL; WATER; RECOMMENDATIONS; FRACTIONATION; RADIOTHERAPY AB Characterization measurements and calculations were performed on a new medical seed developed by IsoRay Inc. in Richland, Washington, that utilizes the short-lived isotope Cs-131. This model has recently received FDA 510(k) clearance. The objective of this work was to characterize the dosimetric properties of the new seed according to the AAPM Task Group 43 recommendations. Cesium-131 is a low-energy x-ray emitter, with the most prominent peaks in the 29 keV to 34 keV region. The intended application is brachytherapy for treating cancers in prostate, breast, head and neck, lung, and pancreas. The evaluations performed included air-kerma strength, radial dose function, anisotropy in phantom, half-life, energy spectra, and internal activity. The results indicate the CS-1 seeds have a dose-rate constant of 0.915 cGy hr(-1) U-1 in water, dose penetration characteristics similar to I-125 and Pd-103, anisotropy function values on the order of 0.71 at short distances and small angles, and an average anisotropy factor of 0.964. The overall dosimetric characteristics are similar to I-125 and Pd-103 seeds with the exception of half-life, which is 9.7 days, as compared to 17 days for Pd-103 and 60 days for I-125. The shorter half-life may offer significant advantages in biological effectiveness. (C) 2004 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Murphy, MK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mk.murphy@pnl.gov; kim.piper@pnl.gov RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 38 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1529 EP 1538 DI 10.1118/1.1755182 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 832HW UT WOS:000222259100025 PM 15259657 ER PT J AU Roa, D Smither, R Al-Ghazi, M AF Roa, D Smither, R Al-Ghazi, M TI A high spatial resolution imaging system based on photon diffraction SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Orange, CA 92668 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1730 EP 1730 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 832HW UT WOS:000222259100125 ER PT J AU Sajo, E Williams, M AF Sajo, E Williams, M TI Post-implant prostate dosimetry without seed localization SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1747 EP 1747 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 832HW UT WOS:000222259100193 ER PT J AU Ayyangar, K Chamakuri, S Kensek, R Enke, C AF Ayyangar, K Chamakuri, S Kensek, R Enke, C TI Modifications to ITS Monte Carlo code to simulate brachytherapy seed configurations SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 46th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 25-29, 2004 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1902 EP 1902 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 832HW UT WOS:000222259100891 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, PT TI The relationships of vigorous exercise, alcohol, and adiposity to low and high high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; RISK-FACTORS; HDL CHOLESTEROL; WEIGHT-LOSS; OVERWEIGHT MEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; BLOOD-LIPIDS; WOMEN AB While vigorous exercise, alcohol, and weight loss are all known to increase high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), it is not known whether these interventions increase low HDL as effectively as has been demonstrated for normal HDL. This report tests the hypothesis that there may be differences in the calculated response of men and women with low versus high HDL-C to exercise, alcohol, and weight loss across the spectrum of HDL-C levels. Physican-supplied medical data from 7,288 men and 2,326 women were divided into deciles of self-reported vigorous exercise, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), or body circumferences. Within each decile we determined the percentiles of the HDL distributions and average running distance, alcohol intake, BMI, or body circumference. Simple least-squares regression analysis was then used to estimate the slope for kth HDL percentile (k = 5%, 6%,...,95%) versus running distance, alcohol intake, BMI, or body circumference across cleciles. Bootstrap resampling was used to estimate standard errors and statistical significance for the regression lines. In both sexes, the increase in HDL-C per unit alcohol intake was at least twice as great at the 95th as at the 5th percentile of the HDL distribution. There was also a significant graded increase from the 5th to the 95th HDL percentile for the slopes relating HDL to exercise (km run) and alcohol intake. Men's HDL-C declined in association with fatness (BMI, waist, and chest circumference) more sharply at the 95th than at the 5th percentile of the HDL distribution. The results of this study suggest that the effects of physical activity, alcohol, and weight reduction on HDL-C levels may be, to a large extent, dependent on the initial level with the greatest improvement achieved in subjects with high HDL and the least improvement in those having low HDL-C levels. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45652] NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 53 IS 6 BP 700 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.01.004 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 828RF UT WOS:000221989800003 PM 15164315 ER PT J AU Totemeier, TC Wright, RN Swank, WD AF Totemeier, TC Wright, RN Swank, WD TI Residual stresses in high-velocity oxy-fuel metallic coatings SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS; IRON ALUMINIDE COATINGS; YOUNGS MODULUS; STRENGTH; TEMPERATURE; THICKNESS; FATIGUE; STEEL AB X-ray based residual stress measurements were made on type 316 stainless steel and Fe3Al coatings that were high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed onto low-carbon and stainless steel substrates. Nominal coating thicknesses varied from 250 to 1500 Am. The effect of HVOF spray particle velocity on residual stress and deposition efficiency was assessed by preparing coatings at three different torch chamber pressures. The effect of substrate thickness on residual stress was determined by spraying coatings onto thick (6.4 mm) and thin (1.4 mm) substrates. Residual stresses were compressive for both coating materials and increased in magnitude with spray velocity. For coatings applied to thick substrates, near-surface residual stresses were essentially constant with increasing coating thickness. Differences in thermal expansion coefficient between low-carbon and stainless steels led to a 180 MPa difference in residual stress for Fe3Al coatings. Deposition efficiency for both materials is maximized at an intermediate (similar to600 m/s) velocity. Considerations for X-ray measurement of residual stresses in HVOF coatings are also presented. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM totetc@inel.gov NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 35A IS 6 BP 1807 EP 1814 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0089-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 823AU UT WOS:000221582900017 ER PT J AU Syn, CKC Magnuson, JK Kingsley, MT Swarup, S AF Syn, CKC Magnuson, JK Kingsley, MT Swarup, S TI Characterization of Pseudomonas putida genes responsive to nutrient limitation SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA ASSIMILATORY ENZYMES; PEPPER CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; O TERMINAL OXIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BARLEY RHIZOSPHERE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASES; PROMOTER ACTIVITY; ZETA-CRYSTALLIN; FLUORESCENS AB The low bioavailability of nutrients and oxygen in the soil environment has hampered successful expression of biodegradation and biocontrol genes that are driven by promoters highly active during routine laboratory conditions of high availability of nutrients and oxygen. Hence, in the present study, expression of the gus-tagged genes in 12 Tn5-gus mutants of the soil microbe Pseudomonas putida PNL-MK25 were examined under various conditions chosen to mimic the soil environment: low carbon, phosphate, nitrate or oxygen, and in the rhizosphere. Based on their expression profiles, three nutrient-responsive mutant (NRM) strains, NRM5, NRM7 and NRM17, were selected for identification of the tagged genes. In strain NRM5, expression of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdhA) gene was increased 4(.)9-26(.)4-fold under various low-nutrient conditions. In NRM7, expression of the novel NADPH : quinone oxidoreductase-like (nql) gene was consistently amongst the highest and was synergistically upregulated by low-nutrient and anoxic conditions. The cyoD gene in NRM17, which encodes the fourth subunit of the cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase complex, had decreased expression in low-nutrient conditions but its absolute expression level was still amongst the highest. Additionally, it was independent of oxygen availability, in contrast to that in Escherichia coli. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Sci Biol, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Swarup, S (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Sci Biol, 14 Sci Dr 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore. EM dbsss@nus.edu.sg RI Swarup, Sanjay/I-1592-2012 OI Swarup, Sanjay/0000-0001-6391-0624 NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JUN PY 2004 VL 150 BP 1661 EP 1669 DI 10.1099/mic.0.26657-0 PN 6 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 834UV UT WOS:000222437300007 PM 15184552 ER PT J AU Anderson, EH Ha, D Liddle, JA AF Anderson, EH Ha, D Liddle, JA TI Sub-pixel alignment for direct-write electron beam lithography SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Micro and Nano Engineering (MNE 2003) CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND DE electron-beam lithography; alignment; autocorrelation ID MARK DETECTION; REGISTRATION AB We have developed a novel, sub-pixel alignment algorithm based on calculating a 3 x 3 array of residual values of the fit of an auto-correlation of an alignment mark template with the cross-correlation of the template with an imaged mark. The residual array is then fit by a second order polynomial, and the location having the minimum residual - the optimum alignment location - is determined analytically from the polynomial. This method naturally interpolates between the discrete pixels of the alignment mark and template images. The method is robust and can be used effectively with signal-to-noise ratios as low as -4 dB. Its performance is enhanced by appropriate choice of mark material, with Au marks with a signal-to-noise ratio of 0.48 dB yielding a factor of two. Alignment repeatabilities of +/-2 nm were obtained using 5 nm Cr/50 nm. Au marks with a 5 nm pixel. Using a 10 nm pixel, accuracies of 4.3 nm, 3sigma were achieved with Au/Cr marks while 360 nm of Si topography yielded repeatabilities of 14.8 nm, 3sigma or 19.7 nm, 3sigma with a 100 nm resist coating. The technique was employed in the fabrication of a zone plate using two aligned exposures. Overlay values better than 5 nm were observed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jaliddle@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 73-4 SI SI BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2004.02.019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 830TF UT WOS:000222145400015 ER PT J AU Park, SJ Persaud, A Liddle, JA Nilsson, J Bokor, J Schneider, DH Rangelow, IW Schenkel, T AF Park, SJ Persaud, A Liddle, JA Nilsson, J Bokor, J Schneider, DH Rangelow, IW Schenkel, T TI Processing issues in top-down approaches to quantum computer development in silicon SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Micro and Nano Engineering (MNE 2003) CY SEP 22-25, 2003 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND DE quantum computer; qubit; ion implantation; electron-beam lithography ID SINGLE-ION IMPLANTATION; BEAM AB We describe critical processing issues in our development of single-atom devices for solid-state quantum information processing. Integration of single P-31 atoms with control gates and single electron transistor (SET) readout structures is addressed in a silicon-based approach. Results on electrical activation of low-energy (15 keV) P implants in silicon show a strong dose effect on the electrical activation fractions. We identify dopant segregation to the SiO2/Si interface during rapid thermal annealing as a dopant loss mechanism and discuss means to minimize it. Silicon nanowire SET pairs with nanowire width of 10-20 nm are formed by electron-beam lithography in SOL We present initial results from Coulomb blockade experiments and discuss issues of control gate integration for sub-40 nm gate pitches. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kassel, Inst Microstruct Technol & Analyt, Kassel, Germany. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jaliddle@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 EI 1873-5568 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 73-4 SI SI BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2004.03.037 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 830TF UT WOS:000222145400124 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Kenik, EA AF Miller, MK Kenik, EA TI Atom probe tomography: A technique for nanoscale characterization SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Microscopy and Microanalysis 2002 Meeting CY AUG 05-08, 2002 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA DE atom probe; microstructural characterization ID METALLIC GLASSES; IMPLEMENTATION; ALLOYS AB Atom probe tomography is a technique for the nanoscale characterization of microstructural features. Analytical techniques have been developed to estimate the size, composition, and other parameters of features as small as 1 nm from the atom probe tomography data. These methods are outlined and illustrated with examples of yttrium-, titanium-, and oxygen-enriched particles in a mechanically alloyed, oxide-dispersion strengthened steel. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Microscopy Microanalysis Microstruct Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Microscopy Microanalysis Microstruct Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 33 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1431-9276 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1017/S1431927604040577 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA 824KZ UT WOS:000221686800003 PM 15233851 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Snow, BE Kickhoefer, VA Erdmann, N Zhou, W Wakeham, A Gomez, M Rome, LH Harrington, L AF Liu, Y Snow, BE Kickhoefer, VA Erdmann, N Zhou, W Wakeham, A Gomez, M Rome, LH Harrington, L TI Vault poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase is associated with mammalian telomerase an is dispensable for telomerase function and vault structure in vivo SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN-PARTICLES; TETRAHYMENA TELOMERASE; LENGTH MAINTENANCE; BINDING PROTEINS; MOUSE TELOMERASE; DEFICIENT MICE; RNA COMPONENT; EST GENES; HNRNP A1; VITRO AB Vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (VPARP) was originally identified as a minor protein component of the vault ribonucleoprotein particle, which may be involved in molecular assembly or subcellular transport. In addition to the association of VPARP with the cytoplasmic vault particle, subpopulations of VPARP localize to the nucleus and the mitotic spindle, indicating that VPARP may have other cellular functions. We found that VPARP was associated with telomerase activity and interacted with exogenously expressed telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1) in human cells. To study the possible role of VPARP in telomerase and vault complexes in vivo, mVparp-deficient mice were generated. Mice deficient in mVparp were viable and fertile for up to five generations, with no apparent changes in telomerase activity or telomere length. Vaults purified from mVparpdeficient mouse liver appeared intact, and no defect in association with other vault components was observed. Mice deficient in mTep1, whose disruption alone does not affect tellomere function but does affect the stability of vault RNA, showed no additional telomerase or telomere-related phenotypes when the mTep1 deficiency was combined with an mVparp deficiency. These data suggest that murine mTep1 and mVparp, alone or in combination, are dispensable for normal development, telomerase catalysis, telomere length maintenance, and vault structure in vivo. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Funct Genom Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ontario Canc Inst, Adv Med Discovery Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Harrington, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Funct Genom Grp, Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,Bldg 1061,Room 208, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leah@uhnres.utoronto.ca RI Rome, Leonard/E-8786-2016 OI Rome, Leonard/0000-0002-1236-2063 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG16629-03] NR 77 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 24 IS 12 BP 5314 EP 5323 DI 10.1128/MCB.24.12.5314-5323.2004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 826YA UT WOS:000221864200020 PM 15169895 ER PT J AU Wilson, BS Steinberg, SL Liederman, K Pfeiffer, JR Surviladze, Z Zhang, J Samelson, LE Yang, LH Kotula, PG Oliver, JM AF Wilson, BS Steinberg, SL Liederman, K Pfeiffer, JR Surviladze, Z Zhang, J Samelson, LE Yang, LH Kotula, PG Oliver, JM TI Markers for detergent-resistant lipid rafts occupy distinct and dynamic domains in native membranes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Article ID FC-EPSILON-RI; GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS; BASOPHILIC LEUKEMIA-CELLS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; CHOLERA-TOXIN; LIVING CELLS; SIGNALING ASSEMBLIES; THY-1 GLYCOPROTEIN; IGE RECEPTOR; RAS PROTEINS AB Lipid rafts isolated by detergent extraction and sucrose gradient fractionation from mast cells are enriched for the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein Thy-1, the ganglioside GM1, palmitoylated LAT, and cross-linked IgE receptors, FcepsilonRI. This study addresses the relationship of fractionation data to the organization of raft markers in native membranes. Immunogold labeling and electron microscopy shows there is little or no colocalization of the raft markers Thy-1, GM1, and LAT with each other or with FcepsilonRI on native membrane sheets prepared from unstimulated cells. External cross-linking of Thy-1 promotes coclustering of Thy-1 with LAT, but not with GM1. Thy-1 and LAT clusters occur on membrane regions without distinctive features. In contrast, external cross-linking of FcepsilonRI and GM1 causes their redistribution to electron-dense membrane patches independently of each other and of Thy-1. The distinctive patches that accumulate cross-linked FCepsilonRI and GM1 also accumulate osmium, a stain for unsaturated lipids, and are sites for coated vesicle budding. Electron microscopy reveals a more complex and dynamic topographical organization of membrane microdomains than is predicted by biochemical analysis of detergent-resistant membranes. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NCI, Canc Res Ctr, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, BS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bwilson@salud.umm.edu RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI051575]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM049814, P20 GM66283, R01 GM49814] NR 56 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD JUN PY 2004 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2580 EP 2592 DI 10.1091/mbc.E03-08-0574 PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 825SJ UT WOS:000221778300006 PM 15034144 ER PT J AU Ai, R Sandoval, A Chen, DJ Burma, S Labhart, P AF Ai, R Sandoval, A Chen, DJ Burma, S Labhart, P TI Amplification and overexpression of oncogene Mdm2 and orphan receptor gene Nr1h4 in immortal PRKDC knockout cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article DE caretaker role; DNA-dependent protein kinase; gene amplification; gene expression; Prkdc; Mdm2 ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; HUMAN GLIOMA-CELLS; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; DNA-DAMAGE; EXPRESSION; REPAIR; LINE; PK; PHOSPHORYLATION; TRANSLOCATIONS AB DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is required for the repair of double strand DNA breaks by nonhomologous DNA end joining. The catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, PRKDC, may also be involved in repair-related or separate cell signaling pathways. To learn more about the cellular function of DNA-PK under normal physiological conditions, we identified genes that are differentially expressed between an immortalized wild-type mouse fibroblast cell line and its DNA-PK-deficient counterpart (Prkdc -/-). The proto-oncogene Mdm2 and the farnesoid X receptor gene Nr1h4 were overexpressed in the DNA-PK-deficient cell line. We show that in the DNA-PK-deficient cell line the genes for both Mdm2 and Nr1h4 are amplified to a degree that could account for most, if not all, of their increased expression. Other genes were strongly downregulated in the DNA-PK-deficient cell line, but this opposite expression pattern was not due to gene amplification in the wild-type cells. None of these genes was differentially expressed in DNA-PK-containing and DNA-PK-deficient primary mouse embryo fibroblasts. Our results suggest a model in which DNA-PK indirectly affects the cellular gene expression profile through its caretaker role and by preventing gene amplification. C1 Torrey Pines Inst Mol Studies, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Labhart, P (reprint author), Torrey Pines Inst Mol Studies, 3550 Gen Atom Court, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM plabhart@tpims.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86936, CA50519]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62113] NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4851 J9 MOL BIOL REP JI Mol. Biol. Rep. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 31 IS 2 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1023/B:MOLE.0000031358.71141.78 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 827YK UT WOS:000221939400003 PM 15293784 ER PT J AU Bae, W Chen, X AF Bae, W Chen, X TI Proteomic study for the cellular responses to Cd2+ in Schizosaccharomyces pombe through amino acid-coded mass tagging and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL DETOXIFICATION; FISSION YEAST; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; CADMIUM TOLERANCE; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; GLUTATHIONE; PROTEIN AB Cadmium (Cd2+) is one of well-known toxic heavy metal ions. To gain a global understanding how Cd2+ affects cells at the molecular level, we systematically studied the cellular response of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to Cd2+ using our integrated proteomic strategy of amino acid-coded mass tagging (AACT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Our proteome-wide investigation unequivocally identified 1133 S. pombe proteins. Of which, the AACT-based quantitative analysis revealed 106 up-regulated and 55 down-regulated proteins on the Cd2+ exposure. The most prevalent functional class in the up-regulated proteins, similar to28% of our profile, was the proteins involved in protein biosynthesis, showing a time-dependent biphasic expression pattern characteristic with rapid initial induction and later repression. Most significantly, 27 proteins functionally classified as cell rescue and defense were up-regulated for oxygen and radical detoxification, heat shock response, and other stress response. Furthermore, the large precursor sequence coverage of our AACT approach allowed us to unequivocally identify and quantitate different isozymes for glutathione S-transferase, which have close similarity in their amino acid sequence. Our quantitative dataset also showed that 80% of the up-regulated proteins found in the S. pombe response were different from those in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae response. The function of some of the key identifications was validated through biochemical assays. It is very interesting that the induction of cysteine synthase expression was not observed in our study, although it has been proven as a critical enzyme to supply free cysteines for the enhancing synthesis of Cd2+-sequestering molecules such as glutathione and phytochelatins in plants and some yeasts. Our quantitative proteomic result instead suggested that, as an alternative mechanism for the detoxification of Cd2+, S. pombe produced significantly higher level of inorganic sulfide to immobilize cellular Cd2+ as a form of CdS nanocrystallites capped with glutathione and/or phytochelatins. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B-2,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chen_xian@lanl.gov NR 61 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD JUN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 6 BP 596 EP 607 DI 10.1074/mcp.M300122-MCP200 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 829ET UT WOS:000222029100008 PM 15004206 ER PT J AU Libants, S Kamarainen, AM Scribner, KT Congdon, JD AF Libants, S Kamarainen, AM Scribner, KT Congdon, JD TI Isolation and cross-species amplification of seven microsatellite loci from Emydoidea blandingii SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE behavioural ecology; Blanding's turtle; Chelonia; Emydidae; microsatellite ID TURTLES; DNA AB We describe the cloning and characterization of seven microsatellite loci from [CA]- and [GA]-enriched partial genomic libraries of Blanding's turtle, Emydoidea blandingii, and their use in two other species of freshwater turtle, Chrysemys picta and Chelydra serpentina. These loci will be used in a long-term ecological study of the reproductive success of these co-occurring freshwater turtle species. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Libants, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM libants@pilot.msu.edu NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 2 BP 300 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00650 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 823TN UT WOS:000221636200051 ER PT J AU Tantral, L Panessa-Warren, BJ Tortora, GT Wong, SS Warren, JB Ghebrehiwet, B AF Tantral, L Panessa-Warren, BJ Tortora, GT Wong, SS Warren, JB Ghebrehiwet, B TI The process of B-cereus spore attachment induces upregulation of cell surface gC1q-R/p33 SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Complement Workshop CY JUN 13-18, 2004 CL Honolulu, HI C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Clin Microbiol Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 41 IS 2-3 MA 286 BP 333 EP 333 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 827XK UT WOS:000221936800293 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ Swanson, JM AF Volkow, ND Fowler, JS Wang, GJ Swanson, JM TI Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Review DE PET; orbitofrontal cortex; cingulate gyrus; striatum; dopamine transporters; dopamine D2 receptors; reward; motivation; predisposition; salience; pharmacokinetics ID PRIMATE ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSION; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS DOPAMINE; GAMMA-VINYL GABA; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; HUMAN BRAIN; METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSERS; INTRAVENOUS COCAINE AB The involvement of dopamine in drug reinforcement is well recognized but its role in drug addiction is much less clear. Imaging studies have shown that the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse in humans are contingent upon large and fast increases in dopamine that mimic but exceed in the intensity and duration those induced by dopamine cell firing to environmental events. In addition, imaging studies have also documented a role of dopamine in motivation, which appears to be encoded both by fast as well as smooth DA increases. Since dopamine cells fire in response to salient stimuli, the supraphysiological activation by drugs is likely to be experienced as highly salient ( driving attention, arousal conditioned learning and motivation) and may also reset the thresholds required for environmental events to activate dopamine cells. Indeed, imaging studies have shown that in drug-addicted subjects, dopamine function is markedly disrupted ( decreases in dopamine release and in dopamine D2 receptors in striatum) and this is associated with reduced activity of the orbitofrontal cortex (neuroanatomical region involved with salience attribution and motivation and implicated in compulsive behaviors) and the cingulate gyrus ( neuroanatomical region involved with inhibitory control and attention and implicated in impulsivity). However, when addicted subjects are exposed to drug-related stimuli, these hypoactive regions become hyperactive in proportion to the expressed desire for the drug. We postulate that decreased dopamine function in addicted subjects results in decreased sensitivity to nondrug-related stimuli ( including natural reinforcers) and disrupts frontal inhibition, both of which contribute to compulsive drug intake and impaired inhibitory control. These findings suggest new strategies for pharmacological and behavioral treatments, which focus on enhancing DA function and restoring brain circuits disrupted by chronic drug use to help motivate the addicted subject in activities that provide alternative sources of reinforcement, counteract conditioned responses, enhance their ability to control their drive to take drugs and interfere with their compulsive administration. C1 NIDA, Off Director, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAAA, Bethesda, MD USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), NIDA, Off Director, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 5274,MSC 9581, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 09481]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA 06278, DA 06891, DA 09490] NR 113 TC 449 Z9 465 U1 13 U2 74 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1359-4184 J9 MOL PSYCHIATR JI Mol. Psychiatr. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001507 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 824DK UT WOS:000221664300006 PM 15098002 ER PT J AU Ramsay, G Cropper, M Wu, K Mason, KO Cordova, FA Priedhorsky, W AF Ramsay, G Cropper, M Wu, K Mason, KO Cordova, FA Priedhorsky, W TI XMM-Newton observations of polars in low accretion states SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; novae, cataclysmic variables; X-rays : stars ID MAGNETIC CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; WHITE-DWARF ACCRETION; RAY LIGHT-CURVE; X-RAY; AM HERCULIS; RX J1141.3-6410; V834 CENTAURI; MR-SERPENTIS; UZ FORNACIS; ROSAT AB We have made a series of snap-shot observations of 37 polars using XMM-Newton. We found that 16 of these systems were in a low, or much reduced, accretion state. Of those, six were not detected in X-rays. This suggests that in any survey of polars, around half will be in a low accretion state. We tested if there was a bias towards certain orbital periods: this is not the case. Of the 10 systems that were detected at low but significant rates in X-rays, eight showed significant variability in their X-ray light curves. This implies that non-uniform accretion still takes place during low accretion epochs. The bolometric luminosity of these systems is similar to10(30) erg s(-1), two orders of magnitude less than for systems in a high accretion state. The X-ray spectra show no evidence of a distinct soft X-ray component. However, the X-ray and UV data imply that such a low-temperature component exists: its temperature is low enough for its flux distribution to move outside the bandpass of the X-ray instruments. C1 UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ramsay, G (reprint author), UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. EM gtbr@mssl.ucl.ac.uk RI Cropper, Mark/C-1574-2008; OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 4 BP 1373 EP 1384 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07732.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 828EY UT WOS:000221957800017 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, WH Hunke, EC AF Lipscomb, WH Hunke, EC TI Modeling sea ice transport using incremental remapping SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; ADVECTION; ALGORITHM; PRECIPITATION; SCHEME AB Sea ice models contain transport equations for the area, volume, and energy of ice and snow in various thickness categories. These equations typically are solved with first-order-accurate upwind schemes, which are very diffusive; with second-order-accurate centered schemes, which are highly oscillatory; or with more sophisticated second-order schemes that are computationally costly if many quantities must be transported [ e. g., multidimensional positive-definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA)]. Here an incremental remapping scheme, originally designed for horizontal transport in ocean models, is adapted for sea ice transport. This scheme has several desirable features: it preserves the monotonicity of both conserved quantities and tracers; it is second-order accurate except where the accuracy is reduced locally to preserve monotonicity; and it efficiently solves the large number of equations in sea ice models with multiple thickness categories and tracers. Remapping outperforms the first-order upwind scheme and basic MPDATA scheme in several simple test problems. In realistic model runs, remapping is less diffusive than the upwind scheme and about twice as fast as MPDATA. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T3, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Lipscomb@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 132 IS 6 BP 1341 EP 1354 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1341:MSITUI>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 829ZF UT WOS:000222090700002 ER PT J AU Rajh, T Saponjic, Z Liu, JQ Dimitrijevic, NM Scherer, NF Vega-Arroyo, M Zapol, P Curtiss, LA Thurnauer, MC AF Rajh, T Saponjic, Z Liu, JQ Dimitrijevic, NM Scherer, NF Vega-Arroyo, M Zapol, P Curtiss, LA Thurnauer, MC TI Charge transfer across the nanocrystalline-DNA interface: Probing DNA recognition SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; HOPPING MECHANISM; TRANSPORT; SEPARATION; NANOPARTICLES; RADICALS; HAIRPINS; DAMAGE; TIO2 AB Hybrid nanocomposites that electronically link TiO2 nanoparticles to DNA oligonucleotides were developed. The linking of biomolecules with inorganic components was achieved by using bridging enediol ligands, such as dopamine (DA), which facilitate hole transfer across the interface, establishing efficient crosstalk between the biomolecule and metal oxide nanoparticles. The inherent programmability of oligonucleotides builds recognition properties into the hybrid system, allowing selective binding of nanoparticles to targeted molecules. The inorganic nanoparticles are inherently photoresponsive and therefore serve as a source of photogenerated charges that act as reporters of the electronic properties of the biomolecules. These photoactive bioinorganic TiO2/DA/DNA triads are capable of complex photo chemistries such as light induced manipulation of biomolecules and their switching functions. Consequently, light induced extended charge separation in these systems was found to be a fingerprint of DNA oligonucleotide hybridization. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Rajh, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 30 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1017 EP 1023 DI 10.1021/nl049684p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 828MZ UT WOS:000221978700003 ER PT J AU Williamson, AJ Bostedt, C van Buuren, T Willey, TM Terminello, LJ Galli, G Pizzagalli, L AF Williamson, AJ Bostedt, C van Buuren, T Willey, TM Terminello, LJ Galli, G Pizzagalli, L TI Probing the electronic density of states of germanium nanoparticles: A method for determining atomic structure SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOEMISSION SPECTRA; SILICON NANOCRYSTALS; SI; CRYSTALLINE; GE; SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE; FILMS AB We present first principles electronic structure calculations and photoemission measurements of the change in the valence band DOS of germanium as its dimensions are reduced from the bulk to the nanoscale. By comparing the calculated broadening of the s and s-p band peaks and the energy of surface dangling bonds to the measured DOS, we identify the most likely structure of these nanoparticles. We propose that, in contrast to recent interpretations, small 2-3 nm germanium nanoparticles prepared by gas-phase aggregation have a distorted diamond structure core due to effects of thermal reconstructions of the surface. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CNRS, Met Phys Lab, UMR 6630, Poitiers, France. RP Williamson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM williamson10@linl.gov RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011; Pizzagalli, Laurent/A-1445-2013 OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830; NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1045 DI 10.1021/nl049654m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 828MZ UT WOS:000221978700007 ER PT J AU Freitag, M Perebeinos, V Chen, J Stein, A Tsang, JC Misewich, JA Martel, R Avouris, P AF Freitag, M Perebeinos, V Chen, J Stein, A Tsang, JC Misewich, JA Martel, R Avouris, P TI Hot carrier electroluminescence from a single carbon nanotube SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; ELECTRONICS; MEMORY AB We measure the spectrum and efficiency of the infrared light emission from ambipolar carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. The width of the emission peak is strongly device-structure dependent. Long devices (similar to50 mum) show narrow spectral peaks that we attribute to relaxed carrier recombination, while short devices (similar to500 nm) show broad peaks due to hot carrier recombination. The hot carrier distribution is limited to energies below the energies of the optical/zone boundary phonons near 180 meV. The efficiency of the radiative recombination is between 10(-6) and 10(-7) photons/electron-hole pair, and the possible quenching mechanisms are discussed. C1 IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Carbon Nanotechnol Inc, Houston, TX 77084 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Avouris, P (reprint author), IBM Corp, Div Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. EM avouris@us.ibm.com RI Martel, Richard/G-7589-2011; OI Martel, Richard/0000-0002-9021-4656; Stein, Aaron/0000-0003-4424-5416 NR 21 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1063 EP 1066 DI 10.1021/nl049607u PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 828MZ UT WOS:000221978700012 ER PT J AU Yu, PR Nedeljkovic, JM Ahrenkiel, PA Ellingson, RJ Nozik, AJ AF Yu, PR Nedeljkovic, JM Ahrenkiel, PA Ellingson, RJ Nozik, AJ TI Size dependent femtosecond electron cooling dynamics in CdSe quantum rods SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; SHAPE CONTROL; SOLAR-CELLS; DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Electronic relaxation dynamics of photoexcited CdSe quantum rods have been studied with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Samples with the same length, similar to30 nm, but with different diameters, 2.5 and 8.0 nm, were investigated. We found that the intraband energy relaxation is about 8 times faster in the thin rods than in the thick ones. A comparison is made between relaxation dynamics in quantum rods and dots, and different relaxation mechanisms are discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yu, PR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM pingrong_yu@nrel.gov; anozik@nrel.gov RI Ellingson, Randy/H-3424-2013; Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1092 DI 10.1021/nl049524d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 828MZ UT WOS:000221978700017 ER PT J AU Cui, Y Bjork, MT Liddle, JA Sonnichsen, C Boussert, B Alivisatos, AP AF Cui, Y Bjork, MT Liddle, JA Sonnichsen, C Boussert, B Alivisatos, AP TI Integration of colloidal nanocrystals into lithographically patterned devices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; FABRICATION; PARTICLES; INTERFACES; ROUTE AB We report a facile method for reproducibly fabricating large-scale device arrays, suitable for nanoelectronics or nanophotonics, that incorporate a controlled number of sub-50-nm-diameter nanocrystals at lithographically defined precise locations on a chip and within a circuit. The interfacial capillary force present during the evaporation of a nanocrystal suspension forms the basis of the assembly mechnism. Our results demonstrate for the first time that macromolecule size particles down to 2-nm diameter and complex nanostructures such as nanotetrapods can be effectively organized by the capillary interaction. This approach integrates the merits of bottom-up solution-processed nanostructures with top-down lithographically prepared devices and has the potential to be scaled up to wafer size for a large number of functional nanoelectronics and nanophotonics applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Sonnichsen, Carsten/A-5682-2009; Bjork, Mikael/B-3130-2011; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Cui, Yi/L-5804-2013; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Cui, Yi/0000-0002-6103-6352; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 29 TC 396 Z9 398 U1 13 U2 107 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1093 EP 1098 DI 10.1021/nl049488i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 828MZ UT WOS:000221978700018 ER PT J AU Martinez, D Larrondo, LF Putnam, N Gelpke, MDS Huang, K Chapman, J Helfenbein, KG Ramaiya, P Detter, JC Larimer, F Coutinho, PM Henrissat, B Berka, R Cullen, D Rokhsar, D AF Martinez, D Larrondo, LF Putnam, N Gelpke, MDS Huang, K Chapman, J Helfenbein, KG Ramaiya, P Detter, JC Larimer, F Coutinho, PM Henrissat, B Berka, R Cullen, D Rokhsar, D TI Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENES; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; ORGANIZATION; ELEMENTS; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATION AB White rot fungi efficiently degrade lignin, a complex aromatic polymer in wood that is among the most abundant natural materials on earth. These fungi use extracellular oxidative enzymes that are also able to transform related aromatic compounds found in explosive contaminants, pesticides and toxic waste. We have sequenced the 30-million base-pair genome of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 using a whole genome shotgun approach. The P. chrysosporium genome reveals an impressive array of genes encoding secreted oxidases, peroxidases and hydrolytic enzymes that cooperate in wood decay. Analysis of the genome data will enhance our understanding of lignocellulose degradation, a pivotal process in the global carbon cycle, and provide a framework for further development of bioprocesses for biomass utilization, organopollutant degradation and fiber bleaching. This genome provides a high quality draft sequence of a basidiomycete, a major fungal phylum that includes important plant and animal pathogens. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. Millennium Inst Fundamental & Appl Biol, Santiago, Chile. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Novozymes Biotech, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CNRS, UMR 6098, F-13402 Marseille, France. Univ Aix Marseille 1, F-13402 Marseille, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13402 Marseille, France. Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM dcullen@facstaff.wisc.edu; DSRokhsar@lbl.gov RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Coutinho, Pedro/C-4473-2008; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Larrondo, Luis/A-2916-2013; Larrondo, Luis/J-1086-2016 OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Larrondo, Luis/0000-0002-8832-7109 NR 46 TC 464 Z9 494 U1 9 U2 97 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.1038/nbt967 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 825VA UT WOS:000221785300030 PM 15122302 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Liao, XZ AF Zhu, YT Liao, XZ TI Nanostructured metals - Retaining ductility SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item ID STRAIN-RATE; NANOCRYSTALLINE; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; COPPER AB Structural applications of nanostructured metals often require both high strength and good ductility. But although these metals usually have high strength, their ductility is often too low. New experimental work suggests that it is possible to retain the ductility of metals after nanostructuring by activating certain deformation mechanisms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758 NR 10 TC 248 Z9 261 U1 12 U2 113 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 3 IS 6 BP 351 EP 352 DI 10.1038/nmat1141 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 827HQ UT WOS:000221890700009 PM 15173850 ER PT J AU Boffelli, D Nobrega, MA Rubin, EM AF Boffelli, D Nobrega, MA Rubin, EM TI Comparative genomics at the vertebrate extremes SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID REGULATORY ELEMENTS; FUGU-RUBRIPES; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; BINDING-SITE; REPRODUCTIVE PROTEINS; CONSERVED SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; POSITIVE SELECTION; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO; RAPID EVOLUTION AB Annotators of the human genome are increasingly exploiting comparisons with genomes at both the distal and proximal evolutionary edges of the vertebrate tree. Despite the sequence similarity between primates, comparisons among members of this clade are beginning to identify primate-as well as human-specific functional elements. At the distal evolutionary extreme, comparing the human genome to that of non-mammal vertebrates such as fish has proved to be a powerful filter to prioritize sequences that most probably have significant functional activity in all vertebrates. C1 US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM emrubin@lbl.gov NR 86 TC 169 Z9 175 U1 6 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0056 J9 NAT REV GENET JI Nat. Rev. Genet. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 5 IS 6 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1038/nrg1350 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 825LJ UT WOS:000221759700016 PM 15153998 ER PT J AU Goldstein, B Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS AF Goldstein, B Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS TI Mathematical and computational models of immune-receptor signalling SO NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID T-CELL-ACTIVATION; AFFINITY IGE RECEPTOR; FC-EPSILON-RI; PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE; PEPTIDE-MHC COMPLEXES; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE; CUTTING EDGE; TCR ENGAGEMENT; LYN KINASE AB The process of signalling through receptors of the immune system involves highly connected networks of interacting components. Understanding the often counter-intuitive behaviour of these networks requires the development of mathematical and computational models. Here, we focus on the application of these models to understand signalling through immune receptors that are involved in antigen recognition. Simple models, which ignore the details of the signalling machinery, have provided considerable insight into how ligand - receptor binding properties affect signalling outcomes. Detailed models, which include specific molecular components and interactions beyond the ligand and receptor, are difficult to develop but have already provided new mechanistic understanding and uncovered relationships that are difficult to detect by experimental observation alone. They offer hope that models might eventually predict the full spectrum of signalling behaviour. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldstein, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bxg@lanl.gov NR 88 TC 126 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1474-1733 J9 NAT REV IMMUNOL JI Nat. Rev. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 445 EP 456 DI 10.1038/nri1374 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 831IO UT WOS:000222188300014 PM 15173833 ER PT J AU Kenyon, GT Hill, D Theiler, J George, JS Marshak, DW AF Kenyon, GT Hill, D Theiler, J George, JS Marshak, DW TI A theory of the Benham Top based on center-surround interactions in the parvocellular pathway SO NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Benham Top; subjective colors; pattern induced flicker colors; color perception; computer model ID PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE BLOBS; RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; INDUCED FLICKER COLORS; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; MACAQUE MONKEY; PARALLEL PATHWAYS; SUBJECTIVE COLORS; RECEPTIVE-FIELD; PRIMATE RETINA AB A model color-opponent neuron was used to investigate the subjective colors evoked by the Benham Top (BT). Color-opponent inputs from cone-selective parvocellular (P) pathway neurons with center-surround receptive fields were subtracted with a short relative delay, yielding a small transient input in response to a white spot. This transient input was amplified by BT-like stimuli, modeled as a thin dark bar followed by full-field illumination. The narrow bar produced maximal activation of the P-pathway surrounds but only partial activation of the P-pathway centers. Due to saturation, subsequent removal of the bar had little effect on the P-pathway surrounds, whereas the transient input from the P-pathway centers was amplified via disinhibition. Responses to BT-like stimuli became weaker as surround sensitivity recovered, producing an effect analogous to the progression of perceived BT colors. Our results suggest that the BT-illusion arises because cone-selective neurons convey information about both color and luminance contrast, allowing the two signals become confounded. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR2, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Houston, TX USA. RP Kenyon, GT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-21,MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gkenyon@lanl.gov FU NEI NIH HHS [EY06472, R01 EY006472]; NINDS NIH HHS [P01 NS038310-05, P01 NS038310]; PHS HHS [NW38310] NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0893-6080 J9 NEURAL NETWORKS JI Neural Netw. PD JUN-JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 5-6 BP 773 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.neunet.2004.05.005 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 848VG UT WOS:000223495600013 PM 15288897 ER PT J AU van Drongelen, W Lee, HC Hereld, M Jones, D Cohoon, M Elsen, F Papka, ME Stevens, RL AF van Drongelen, W Lee, HC Hereld, M Jones, D Cohoon, M Elsen, F Papka, ME Stevens, RL TI Simulation of neocortical epileptiform activity using parallel computing SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CSN 03) CY JUL 05-09, 2003 CL Alicante, SPAIN DE epilepsy; network bursting; gap junction; parallel computing; EEG ID NETWORK; INTERNEURONS; CORTEX; ORGANIZATION; NEURON; SLICES; MODEL; CELLS; INPUT AB A scalable network model intended for study of neocortical epileptiform activity was built on the pGENESIS neural simulator. The model included superficial and deep pyramidal cells plus four types of inhibitory neurons. An electroencephalogram (EEG) simulator was attached to the model to validate model behavior and to determine the contributions of inhibitory and excitatory neuronal populations to the EEG signal. We examined effects of overall excitation and inhibition on activity patterns in the network, and found that the network-bursting patterns occur within a narrow range of the excitation-inhibition space. Further, we evaluated synchronization effects produced by gap junctions during synchronous and asynchronous states. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP van Drongelen, W (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, 5841 S Maryland Ave MC 3055, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM wvandron@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu OI van Drongelen, Wim/0000-0001-8950-5424 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD JUN PY 2004 VL 58 BP 1203 EP 1209 DI 10.1016/j.neucom.2004.01.186 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 832CX UT WOS:000222245900172 ER PT J AU Jerbi, K Baillet, S Mosher, JC Nolte, G Garnero, L Leahy, RM AF Jerbi, K Baillet, S Mosher, JC Nolte, G Garnero, L Leahy, RM TI Localization of realistic cortical activity in MEG using current multipoles SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article DE MEG; source localization; inverse problem; regularized leastsquares; current multipoles; current dipoles; extended sources; radial sources; cortical patches ID INVERSE PROBLEM; EXTENDED SOURCES; HUMAN-BRAIN; POTENTIALS; EXPANSIONS; GENERATORS; CORTEX; FIELDS; EEG AB We present a novel approach to MEG source estimation based on a regularized first-order multipole solution. The Gaussian regularizing prior is obtained by calculation of the sample mean and covariance matrix for the equivalent moments of realistic simulated cortical activity. We compare the regularized multipole localization framework to the classical dipole and general multipole source estimation methods by evaluating the ability of all three solutions to localize the centroids of physiologically plausible patches of activity simulated on the surface of a human cerebral cortex. The results, obtained with a realistic sensor configuration, a spherical head model, and given in terms of field and localization error, depict the performance of the dipolar and multipolar models as a function of variable source surface area (50-500 mm(2)), noise conditions (20, 10, and 5 dB SNR), source orientation (0-90degrees), and source depth (3-11 cm). We show that as the sources increase in size, they become less accurately modeled as current dipoles. The regularized multipole systematically outperforms the single dipole model, increasingly so as the spatial extent of the sources increases. In addition, our simulations demonstrate that as the orientation of the sources becomes more radial, dipole localization accuracy decreases substantially, while the performance of the regularized multipole model is far less sensitive to orientation and even succeeds in localizing quasiradial source configurations. Furthermore, our results show that the multipole model is able to localize superficial sources with higher accuracy than the current dipole. These results indicate that the regularized multipole solution may be an attractive alternative to current-dipole-based source estimation methods in MEG. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, CNRS, UPR 640, Cognit Neurosci & Brain Imaging Lab, Paris, France. Univ So Calif, Inst Signal & Image Proc, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Baillet, S (reprint author), Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, CNRS, UPR 640, Cognit Neurosci & Brain Imaging Lab, Paris, France. EM Sylvain.Baillet@chups.jussieu.fr FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01-EB002010] NR 49 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JUN PY 2004 VL 22 IS 2 BP 779 EP 793 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.02.010 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 829ZO UT WOS:000222091600031 PM 15193607 ER PT J AU Spanos, PD Cacciola, P Redhorse, J AF Spanos, PD Cacciola, P Redhorse, J TI Random vibration of SMA systems via Preisach formalism SO NONLINEAR DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE hysteresis; Preisach model; shape memory alloys; stochastic averaging ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; RANDOM-EXCITATION; HYSTERESIS; MODEL; DEVICES AB Interest in shape memory alloys (SMA) applications has increased dramatically in recent years. The primary problem in studying systems endowed with SMA devices involves quantifying their mechanical behavior. A most promising tool for this task is the Preisach model, which, due to its abstract nature, is extremely versatile for capturing various hysteretic phenomena present in SMA. In this paper a procedure to calibrate the Preisach model to fit available experimental data is employed first. Then the random responses of SMA systems are investigated by focusing on the numerical implementation of the Preisach model. A version of the stochastic averaging technique is used for this purpose. The probability density function of the amplitude and the power spectral density of the response are determined. Also, the probability density function of the response process is estimated. The analytical results are found in good agreement with those derived by a pertinent Monte Carlo study. Obviously, the methodology described herein can be applied for the study of other hysteretic systems, such as mechanical joints, provided that adequate calibration of the Preisach model has been performed a priori. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Messina, Dipartimento Costruz & Tecnol Avanzate, I-98166 Messina, Italy. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM spanos@rice.edu NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-090X EI 1573-269X J9 NONLINEAR DYNAM JI Nonlinear Dyn. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2-4 BP 405 EP 419 DI 10.1023/B:NODY.0000045514.54248.fa PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 875QU UT WOS:000225437600016 ER PT J AU Akovali, YA AF Akovali, YA TI Nuclear data sheets for A=247 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-DECAY PROPERTIES; FISSION HALF-LIVES; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; ODD-A-NUCLEI; EINSTEINIUM ISOTOPES; ACTINIDE PRODUCTION; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; PROTON STATES; ELEMENTS; ENERGIES AB Available information pertaining to the nuclear structure of all nuclei with mass numbers A=247 is presented. Various decay and reaction data are evaluated and compared. Adopted data, levels, spin, parity and configuration assignments are given. When there are insufficient data, expected values from systematics of nuclear properties or/and theoretical calculations are quoted. Unexpected or discrepant experimental results are also noted. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Akovali, YA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 88 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD JUN PY 2004 VL 102 IS 2 BP 515 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nds.2004.06.002 PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 838IE UT WOS:000222706100004 ER PT J AU Zimmermann, D Grupen, C Kotaidis, V Luitz, S Mailov, A Muller, AS Putzer, A Rensch, B Sander, HG Schmeling, S Schmelling, M Wachsmuth, H Tcaciuc, R Ziegler, T Zuber, K AF Zimmermann, D Grupen, C Kotaidis, V Luitz, S Mailov, A Muller, AS Putzer, A Rensch, B Sander, HG Schmeling, S Schmelling, M Wachsmuth, H Tcaciuc, R Ziegler, T Zuber, K TI The cosmic ray muon spectrum and charge ratio in CosmoALEPH SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging Techniques in Subatomic Physics, Astrophysics, Medicine, Biology and Industry CY JUN 24-27, 2003 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Symposia, ideas, Photonis, Canberra Eurisys SA, Laborel, RaySearch Labs, RAYTHERAPY, MAMEA, SECTRA DE cosmic ray; muon; momentum; charge ratio; shower; neutrino AB The ALEPH experiment at the LEP e(+)e(-) storage ring at CERN has been used to measure the momentum spectrum of cosmic ray muons. ALEPH is located at a vertical depth of 320 m.w.e. underground close to the Jura mountains. The high resolution of the time projection chamber (TPC) of ALEPH allows to reconstruct muon tracks with momenta up to the TeV region. The measured muon momentum spectrum and the charge ratio in the range from 80 to 2500 GeV are presented. After corrections for energy loss in the overburden the sea level muon spectrum at nearly vertical incidence is obtained. The experimental data are compared to theoretical expectations and results from other experiments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. SLAC MS 41, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Synchrotronstrahlung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Erphi Elect GmbH, D-83607 Holzkirchen, Germany. Univ Mainz, Fachbereich Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RP Mailov, A (reprint author), Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. EM mailov@aleph.physik.uni-siegen.de NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 525 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.034 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 828LK UT WOS:000221974600028 ER PT J AU Cusanno, F Garibaldi, F Cisbani, E Colilli, S De Cataldo, G De Leo, R Giuliani, F Gricia, M Lagamba, L Lucentini, M Reitz, B Santavenere, F Urciuoli, GM AF Cusanno, F Garibaldi, F Cisbani, E Colilli, S De Cataldo, G De Leo, R Giuliani, F Gricia, M Lagamba, L Lucentini, M Reitz, B Santavenere, F Urciuoli, GM TI A RICH detector for strangeness physics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging Techniques in Subatomic Physics, Astrophysics, Medicine, Biology and Industry CY JUN 24-27, 2003 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Symposia, ideas, Photonis, Canberra Eurisys SA, Laborel, RaySearch Labs, RAYTHERAPY, MAMEA, SECTRA DE RICH; strangeness AB The high-resolution hypernuclear spectroscopy experiment at Jefferson Lab, Hall A (E94-107), needs unambiguous kaon identification. Due to the huge pion and proton background, the standard Hall A hadron particle identification, based on a time of flight and two aerogel threshold Cherenkov detectors, is not sufficient. For this task a proximity focusing C6F14/CsI RICH has been built. Recently, after some improvements to the mechanical structure of its wire chamber and to its electronics rate capability, the RICH has been tested with cosmic rays. This paper represents a status report of the RICH detector. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Rome, Italy. RP Cusanno, F (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM francesco.cusanno@iss.infn.it RI Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 525 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.041 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 828LK UT WOS:000221974600033 ER PT J AU Moses, WW AF Moses, WW TI Positron emission mammography imaging SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging Techniques in Subatomic Physics, Astrophysics, Medicine, Biology and Industry CY JUN 24-27, 2003 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Symposia, ideas, Photonis, Canberra Eurisys SA, Laborel, RaySearch Labs, RAYTHERAPY, MAMEA, SECTRA DE Positron Emission Mammography; breast cancer; PEM camera design and optimization ID PET DETECTOR; BREAST-CANCER; FIBERS AB This paper examines current trends in Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) instrumentation and the performance tradeoffs inherent in them. The most common geometry is a pair of parallel planes of detector modules. They subtend a larger solid angle around the breast than conventional PET cameras, and so have both higher efficiency and lower cost. Extensions to this geometry include encircling the breast, measuring the depth of interaction (DOI), and dual-modality imaging (PEM and X-ray mammography, as well as PEM and X-ray guided biopsy). The ultimate utility of PEM may not be decided by instrument performance, but by biological and medical factors, such as the patient to patient variation in radiotracer uptake or the as yet undetermined role of PEM in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moses, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wwmoses@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 525 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.068 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 828LK UT WOS:000221974600050 ER PT J AU Vetter, K Burks, M Mihailescu, L AF Vetter, K Burks, M Mihailescu, L TI Gamma-ray imaging with position-sensitive HPGe detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging Techniques in Subatomic Physics, Astrophysics, Medicine, Biology and Industry CY JUN 24-27, 2003 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Nobel Symposia, ideas, Photonis, Canberra Eurisys SA, Laborel, RaySearch Labs, RAYTHERAPY, MAMEA, SECTRA DE Compton camera; HPGe detectors; gamma-ray tracking; gamma-ray imaging ID STRIP DETECTOR; TELESCOPE; CAMERA; PERFORMANCE AB Due to advances in manufacturing large and highly segmented HPGe detectors along with the availability of fast and high-precision digital electronics, it is now possible to build efficient and high-resolution Compton cameras. Two-dimensionally segmented semi-conductor detectors along with pulse-shape analysis allow to obtain three-dimensional positions and energies of individual gamma-ray interactions. By employing gamma-ray tracking procedures it is possible to determine the scattering sequence in the detector and ultimately to deduce the incident direction of gamma rays without the use of a attenuating collimator. These advanced gamma-ray tracking-based Compton cameras are able not only to image gamma-ray sources with higher sensitivity than collimator-based systems but can increase the sensitivity in finding gamma-ray sources over non-imaging detectors, particularly in complex radiation fields. We have implemented a Compton camera built of a single double-sided strip HPGe detector with a strip pitch size of 2 mm. A three-dimensional position resolution of 0.5 mm at 122 keV by using simple pulse-shape analysis is achieved. We have implemented image reconstruction procedures for search scenarios, which are of interest for national security applications. In addition, we have developed reconstruction procedures to optimize image quality which potentially finds applications in other areas as well. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 88-249,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kvetter@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 525 IS 1-2 BP 322 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.087 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 828LK UT WOS:000221974600064 ER PT J AU Wang, YQ AF Wang, YQ TI Hydrogen standards in elastic recoil detection analysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE ERD; hydrogen standard; Kapton; H-implant; ion implanted polymer films ID ION-BEAM ANALYSIS; LOW-ENERGY; SCATTERING AB Quantitative hydrogen analysis using elastic recoil detection (ERD) usually requires the use for a hydrogen standard. In this paper, we first discuss how to correctly use primary hydrogen standards (Kapton and H-implant in Si) through a real example in which Kapton is used to determine the absolute implant-dose in a H-implanted Si target. Second part of the paper is devoted to discussing secondary hydrogen standards. Two types of hydrogen-containing thin films are investigated: H- and D-loaded erbium thin film and ion implanted polymer thin film. The results indicate that both these thin films have high and stable hydrogen content and are suitable as hydrogen thin film standards in ERD analysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, IT Characterizat Facil, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Wang, YQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mailstop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yqwang@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.038 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800023 ER PT J AU Innegraeve, O Blanchet, X Muntele, CI Muntele, IC Zimmerman, RL Popa-Simil, L Voiculescu, D Racolta, PM Ila, D AF Innegraeve, O Blanchet, X Muntele, CI Muntele, IC Zimmerman, RL Popa-Simil, L Voiculescu, D Racolta, PM Ila, D TI PIXE pollution studies across Europe SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE PIXE; environmental; pollution AB We collected vegetation and soil samples from various locations along a route covering Eastern and Western Europe. We measured the level of elemental pollution in different places uniformly spread across the continent to determine which of them may have common sources. To achieve these objectives, samples were collected along the main roads from Romania to Portugal and analyzed using in-air PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. RP Muntele, CI (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Ctr Irradiat Mat, POB 1447, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM claudiu@cim.aamu.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.052 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800037 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Rangelow, IW Keller, R Park, SJ Nilsson, J Persaud, A Radmilovic, VR Grabiec, P Schneider, DH Liddle, JA Bokor, J AF Schenkel, T Rangelow, IW Keller, R Park, SJ Nilsson, J Persaud, A Radmilovic, VR Grabiec, P Schneider, DH Liddle, JA Bokor, J TI Open questions in electronic sputtering of solids by slow highly charged ions with respect to applications in single ion implantation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs ID QUANTUM COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT; SURFACES; SILICON AB In this article we discuss open questions in electronic sputtering of solids by slow, highly charged ions ("potential sputtering") in the context of their application in a single ion implantation scheme. High yields of secondary electrons emitted when highly charged dopant ions impinge on silicon waters allow for formation of non-Poissonian implant structures such as single atom arrays. Control of high spatial resolution and implant alignment require the use of nanometer scale apertures. We discuss electronic sputtering issues on mask lifetimes, and damage to silicon wafers. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM t_schenkel@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.054 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800039 ER PT J AU Veryovkin, IV Belykh, SF Adriaens, A Adams, F AF Veryovkin, IV Belykh, SF Adriaens, A Adams, F TI Sputtering with polyatomic ions: revisiting kinetic energy distributions of secondary ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE sputtering by atom; molecule; and ion impact; ion-surface impact; molecular beams interactions with solids; secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) ID IONIZATION; TANTALUM; CLUSTERS AB A new more accurate data processing procedure for calibration of kinetic energies of secondary ions measured in magnetic sector secondary ion mass spectrometers has been developed. The procedure was applied to reprocessing of raw data from previously published measurements of kinetic energy spectra of secondary atomic and cluster ions sputtered from Ta by 6 keV/atom Au(-), Au(2)(-) and Au(3)(-) projectiles. Absolute energies of the sputtered Ta ions were determined more accurately, which permitted a fairer comparison of energy spectra for the same secondary ions measured under bombardment with different primary ions. Most probable and mean energies were determined for the sputtered ions, and their energy spectra were converted into distributions over inverse velocities. The reprocessed experimental results revealed strong differences between results for atomic and diatomic ions and those for larger cluster ions (consisting of more than seven atoms). In particular, the comparison of atomic and polyatomic bombardment showed that there are strong differences between atomic and diatomic sputtered species, while there were almost no changes between larger sputtered clusters. Results are discussed in terms of observed enhancements under polyatomic ion bombardment for the total sputtering efficiency and the ionization of sputtered species. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Chem, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Veryovkin, IV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM verigo@anl.gov RI Adriaens, Annemie/F-2520-2013 OI Adriaens, Annemie/0000-0003-4034-1881 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 215 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.056 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800041 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ TI Studies of electronic stopping powers using time of flight spectrometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE stopping power; energy loss; Bragg rule; time of flight spectrometry; elastic recoil detection analysis ID ENERGY-LOSS MEASUREMENTS; SWIFT HEAVY-IONS; DETECTOR RESPONSE; HIGH-PRECISION; AL; CARBON; CU AB Electronic stopping powers have been determined by measuring the energy loss of He, O and Al particles using a time of flight (ToF) elastic recoil detection analysis set-up. In transmission geometry, the energy loss of particles in self-supporting foils of C and SiC is measured over a continuous energy range using the ToF spectrometer. By calibrating the Si detector for each channel over the measured energy region based on ToF spectrometry, the current approach eliminates much of the error associated with pulse height defects in Si detectors, and measurement uncertainties of less than 4% are achieved. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yanwen.zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 256 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.064 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800049 ER PT J AU Browning, JF Banks, JC Wampler, WR Doyle, BL AF Browning, JF Banks, JC Wampler, WR Doyle, BL TI Cross-sections for the elastic recoil of hydrogen isotopes for high energy helium ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE cross-sections; elastic recoil; hydrogen isotopes ID SCATTERING AB Cross-sections for the elastic recoil of hydrogen isotopes, including tritium, have been measured for He-4(2+) ions in the energy range of 9.0-11.6 MeV. These cross-sections have been measured at a scattering angle of 30degrees in the laboratory frame. Cross-sections were measured by allowing a He-4(2+) beam to fall incident on solid targets of ErH2, ErD2 and ErT2, each of 500 nm nominal thickness and known areal densities of H, D, T and Er. The uncertainty in each cross-section is estimated to be +/-3.2%. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Browning, JF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jfbrown@sandia.gov OI Browning, James/0000-0001-8379-259X NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.076 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800061 ER PT J AU Rossi, P Brice, DK Seager, CH McDaniel, FD Vizkelethy, G Doyle, BL AF Rossi, P Brice, DK Seager, CH McDaniel, FD Vizkelethy, G Doyle, BL TI Ion beam induced luminescence of doped yttrium compounds SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE ion-luminescence; phosphors; yttrium compounds ID CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; PHOSPHORS AB Rare earth doped yttrium oxide (yttria) and silicate, Y2O3:Eu and Y2SiO5:Tb, are the most promising phosphors for advanced devices such as flat panel field-emission-displays. However, their light yield for electron excitation has proven to be lower than that predicted by early models. New experimental data are needed to improve the theoretical understanding of the cathodoluminescence (CL) that will, in turn, lead to materials that are significantly brighter. Beside the existing CL and photo luminescence (PL) measurements, one can provide new information by studying ion-induced luminescence (IL). Ions penetrate substantially deeper than electrons and their light yield should therefore not depend on surface effects. Moreover, the energy density released by ions can be much higher than that of electrons and photons, which results in possible saturation effects, further testing the adequacy of models. We exposed the above yttrium compounds to three ion beams, H (3 MeV), C (20 MeV), Cu (50 MeV), which have substantially different electronic stopping powers. H was selected to provide an excitation close to CL, but without surface effects. The C and Cu allowed an evaluation of saturation effects because of their higher stopping powers. The IL experiments involved measuring the transient light intensity signal radiating from thin phosphor layers following their exposure to similar to200 ns ion beam pulses. We present the transient yield curves for the two materials and discuss a general model for this behavior. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Rossi, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1111, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM prossi@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1061/j.nimb.2004.01.078 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800063 ER PT J AU Braunstein, G Duffy, M Maina, S Tonner, B Banks, JC AF Braunstein, G Duffy, M Maina, S Tonner, B Banks, JC TI Heavy ion backscattering spectrometry at the University of Central Florida SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE ion beam analysis; surface analysis; trace-element analysis; time-of-flight; micro contamination; silicon cleaning ID TRACE-ELEMENT SENSITIVITY; FLIGHT SPECTROMETER; SCATTERING AB The need for increased sensitivity in the detection of metallic contamination, in microelectronics fabrication, led to the development of heavy ion backscattering spectrometry (HIBS). This technique, based on principles similar to those of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, permits one to quantitatively detect heavy impurities, at a level below 1 x 10(10) atoms/cm(2), on the surface of an otherwise clean silicon substrate. The approach was developed at Sandia National Laboratories, in collaboration with SEMATECH member companies, and Vanderbilt University. Recently, the HIBS instrument was transferred to the Department of Physics of the University of Central Florida, with the purpose of continuing the development of this unique resource, and making it available to industrial and academic investigators. The instrument has been successfully returned to operation, and preliminary tests showed sensitivity levels similar to those obtained at Sandia. A program is being developed to further increase the sensitivity of the instrument, as well as to explore potential new applications, A progress report of these efforts is presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Braunstein, G (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM braunstein@physics.ucf.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 358 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.082 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800067 ER PT J AU Musket, RG Felter, TE AF Musket, RG Felter, TE TI Extending RBS analysis to very fragile, nanometer-thick foils SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB We have applied Rutherford backscattering (RBS) to the analysis of very thin and very fragile, free-standing foils. These foils consisted of a thin metal or other layer encapsulated inside thin layers of a polycarbonate-like polymer. Thicknesses of the middle layers were similar to10 nm of Fe, similar to2 nm of An and similar to7 nm of Ni with similar to12 nm of NaF. The encapsulating, polymer layers each had a thickness of about 75 nm. Application of appropriate sample mounting and RBS techniques has led to spectra with essentially no background. We determined the amounts and depth distributions of all elements with atomic numbers Z greater than or equal to 6. Very low current densities (similar to2 nA/mm(2)) of 2.3 MeV He+ ions were used to minimize heating by the beam and yet obtain useful statistics in a reasonable time. To monitor any changes in the foils during analysis, spectra were obtained in a sequence of low-fluence bombardments. After each bombardment the beam was interrupted, and the data was examined and stored. This procedure permitted us to monitor the data for any significant changes in the foil and allowed cooling of the target during the beam-off interval. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Felter, TE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-356, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM musket6@aol.com; felter1@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.086 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800071 ER PT J AU Knapp, JA Arstila, K Wampler, WR Banks, JC Doyle, BL AF Knapp, JA Arstila, K Wampler, WR Banks, JC Doyle, BL TI Elastic recoil detection analysis of He-3 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE ERD; Monte Carlo; He analysis; ion transport calculations AB We give the results of a study using Monte Carlo ion interaction codes to simulate and optimize elastic recoil detection analysis for He-3 buildup in tritide films. Two different codes were used. The primary tool was MCERD, written especially for simulating ion beam analysis using optimizations and enhancements for greatly increasing the probabilities for the creation and the detection of recoil atoms. MPTRIM, an implementation of the TRIMRC code for a massively parallel computer, was also used for comparison and for determination of absolute yield. This study was undertaken because of a need for high-resolution depth profiling of He-3 and near-surface light impurities (e.g. oxygen) in metal hydride films containing tritium. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Helsinki, Accelerator Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Knapp, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jaknapp@sandia.gov RI Arstila, Kai/K-2237-2013 OI Arstila, Kai/0000-0002-6491-2602 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 440 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.098 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800083 ER PT J AU Banks, JC Browning, JF Wampler, WR Doyle, BL LaDuca, CA Tesmer, JR Wetteland, CJ Wang, YQ AF Banks, JC Browning, JF Wampler, WR Doyle, BL LaDuca, CA Tesmer, JR Wetteland, CJ Wang, YQ TI Round robin analyses of hydrogen isotope thin films standards SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE hydrogen isotope standards; round robin; rutherford backscattering spectrometry; ERD; NRA ID RECOIL DETECTION ANALYSIS/ AB Hydrogen isotope thin film standards have been manufactured at Sandia National Laboratories for use by the materials characterization community. Several considerations were taken into account during the manufacture of the ErHD standards, with accuracy and stability being the most important. The standards were fabricated by e-beam deposition of Er onto a Mo substrate and the film stoichiometrically loaded with hydrogen and deuterium. To determine the loading accuracy of the standards two random samples were measured by thermal desorption mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry techniques with a stated combined accuracy of similar to1.6% (1sigma). All the standards were then measured by high energy RBS/ERD and RBS/NRA with the accuracy of the techniques similar to5% (1sigma). The standards were then distributed to the IBA materials characterization community for analysis. This paper will discuss the suitability of the standards for use by the IBA community and compare measurement results to highlight the accuracy of the techniques used. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Banks, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jcbanks@sandia.gov OI Browning, James/0000-0001-8379-259X NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.099 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800084 ER PT J AU Veryovkin, IV Calaway, WF Moore, JF Pellin, MJ Burnett, DS AF Veryovkin, IV Calaway, WF Moore, JF Pellin, MJ Burnett, DS TI A new time-of-flight instrument for quantitative surface analysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE sputtering by atom. molecule and ion impact; photoionization of atoms; photoionization of molecules; multiphoton ionization; secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); laser ablation of solids; ion optics; time-of-flight mass spectrometry ill chemical analysis; instrumentation for time-of-flight mass spectrometry; computer modeling and simulation ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESONANCE IONIZATION; MISSION; IONS AB A new generation of time-of-flight mass spectrometers that implement ion sputtering and laser desorption for probing solid samples and can operate in regimes of laser post-ionization secondary neutral mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry is being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. These new instruments feature novel ion optical systems for efficient extraction of ions from large laser post-ionization volumes and for lossless transport of these ions to detectors. Another feature of this design is a new in-vacuum all-reflecting optical microscope with 0.5-mum resolution. Advanced ion and light optics and three ion sources, including a liquid metal ion gun (focusable to 50 nm) and a low energy ion gun, give rise to an instrument capable of quantitative analyses of samples for the most challenging applications, such as determining elemental concentrations in shallow implants at ultra-trace levels (for example, solar wind samples delivered by NASA Genesis mission) and analyzing individual sub-micrometer particles on a sample stage (such as, interstellar dust delivered by NASA Stardust mission). Construction of a prototype instrument has been completed and testing is underway. A more advanced instrument of similar design is under construction. The overall design of the new instrument and the innovations that make it unique are outlined. Results of the first tests to characterize its analytical capabilities are presented also. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Veryovkin, IV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM verigo@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.105 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800090 ER PT J AU Nastasi, M Hochbauer, T Verda, RD Misra, A Lee, JK Mayer, JW Lau, SS AF Nastasi, M Hochbauer, T Verda, RD Misra, A Lee, JK Mayer, JW Lau, SS TI Using ion beam analysis in determining the mechanisms of cleavage in hydrogen ion implanted Si SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE ion beam analysis; ion-cut; ion implantation ID RECOIL DETECTION ANALYSIS/; SURFACE-LAYER EXFOLIATION; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; ENERGY SPREAD; DEPTH; DEFECT AB Hydrogen ion implantation in Si has been shown to be an effective means of inducing cleavage in Si and facilitating the transfer of thin slices to other substrates, a process known as Ton-C,ut. Qualitatively it is known that implanted hydrogen in Si evolves under heating to form H, gas bubbles with high internal pressure, which then drives the cleavage process. However, a fundamental understanding of how the physics of ion implantation influence this process is still evolving. In this work we describe how ion channeling and elastic recoil detection studies can be used to gain a more complete understanding of how the ion damage and H concentration profile contribute to the mechanisms of cleavage in hydrogen ion implanted Si. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Nastasi, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8,Mail Stop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nasty@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 604 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.128 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800113 ER PT J AU Lucca, DA Wetteland, CJ Misra, A Klopfstein, MJ Nastasi, M Maggiore, CJ Tesmer, JR AF Lucca, DA Wetteland, CJ Misra, A Klopfstein, MJ Nastasi, M Maggiore, CJ Tesmer, JR TI Assessment of subsurface damage in polished II-VI semiconductors by ion channeling SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE ion channeling; subsurface damage; polishing; II-VI semiconductors AB Surfaces of bulk single crystal CdS, ZnSe and ZnO were prepared by mechanical polishing with 1 and 1/4 mum diamond abrasive slurries and by chemomechanical polishing with sodium hypochlorite:colloidal silica. Etched surfaces, indicative of original crystalline quality were also prepared. Near surface damage was investigated by ion channeling with He ions using incident beam energies of 2 and 5 MeV and detector positions of 75degrees and 13degrees. Damage depths were found to be significantly higher for ZnSe when compared to US or ZnO. The chemomechanical polishing process was seen to introduce small but measurable subsurface damage in US and ZnSe. However, channeling was unable to detect any damage for the chemomechanically polished ZnO surfaces, a result which was supported by cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The presence of damage beyond that identified by the surface peak for the mechanically polished ZnSe surfaces was indicated by the dechanneling behavior below the surface. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lucca, DA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, 218 Engn N, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM lucca@ceat.okstate.edu RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 611 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.129 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800114 ER PT J AU Smith, RJ Zhang, Y Shutthanandan, V Bissell, LJ Thevuthasan, S Jiang, W Weber, WJ AF Smith, RJ Zhang, Y Shutthanandan, V Bissell, LJ Thevuthasan, S Jiang, W Weber, WJ TI NRA and ERDA investigation of helium retention in SiC as a function of irradiation and annealing SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE SiC irradiation; NRA; ERDA; helium; deuterium ID NUCLEAR-REACTION ANALYSIS; SPECTROMETRY; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS; DEFECTS AB Silicon carbide has been proposed for coating applications in advanced reactor designs, so studies of its behavior in the presence of ion irradiation and fission products are of interest. We investigated the retention of He in single crystal 6H SiC as a function of irradiation fluence and annealing temperature using both nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis (ToF ERDA). Ions of He-3(+) were implanted at 40 keV in SiC to a depth of similar to200 nm at room temperature. NRA was performed using 1.0 MeV D+ and the He-3(D,alpha)H-1 reaction. No change in the He profile was seen for irradiation fluence up to 6.8 x 10(17) D+/cm(2) at room temperature. Isochronal annealing of the SiC between 300 and 1200 K also showed no significant helium loss. Subsequently, a sample was irradiated with D+ at 900 K and again at 1100 K. No loss of He-3 associated with irradiation was seen for a fluence up to 5 x 10(17) D+/cm(2). Annealing the sample above 1200 K resulted in thermally activated loss of He. ToF ERDA measurements were performed using 44 MeV I-127(10+) for both irradiation and analysis. Depth profiles of the He distribution showed no significant change under I bombardment with an ion fluence Up to similar to10(14)/cm(2) at room temperature. NRA was performed on the implanted sample subjected to ERDA. The He-3 profiles for regions subjected to I irradiation were similar in shape to those with no I irradiation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, EPS Bldg Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM smith@physics.montana.edu RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 631 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.132 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800117 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wojtowicz, T Lim, WL Liu, X Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK TI Lattice location of Mn and fundamental Curie temperature limit in ferromagnetic Ga1-xMnxAs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE ferromagnetic semiconductors; GaMnAs; ion channeling; Mn interstitials ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB Using ion channeling techniques, we find that a substantial fraction (up to 15%) of the Mn atoms reside in interstitial sites in Ga1-xMnxAs alloys. The increase of saturation magnetization, hole concentration and Curie temperature T-C of Ga1-xMnxAs after low temperature annealing is found to be related to the relocation of Mn atoms from interstitial sites to form random clusters. We believe that the redistribution of the Mn atoms between different sites is controlled by the location of the Fermi energy. This conjecture is investigated using Ga1-x-yMnxBeyAs samples in which the concentration of Mn moments and the Fermi level position can be determined separately by Mn and Be doping. We find a dramatic increase of the concentration of Mn interstitials accompanied by a reduction of T-C with increasing Be concentration, while the free hole concentration remains relatively constant at similar to5 x 10(20) cm(-3). These results confirm that the maximum T-C near 110 K in Ga1-xMnxAs is achieved for the Fermi energy corresponding to a saturation hole concentration in the range of 5 x 10(20)-1 x 10(21) cm(-3). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Elect Mat Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Elect Mat Program, MS 2-200,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kmyu@lbl.gov RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 636 EP 641 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.133 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800118 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, LS AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, LS TI Thermal and dynamic responses of Ag implants in silicon carbide SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE implants diffusion; implantation defects; Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy; channeling; SiC ID BEHAVIOR; DIFFUSION AB A single crystal wafer of 6H-SiC was sequentially implanted in two different areas at 210 and 873 K, respectively, to the same fluence of 500 Ag2+/nm(2). Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) has been used in a random orientation to profile the Ag implants and along the <0001>-axial channeling direction to determine the defect concentrations. Additional irradiation at 873 K with 5.4 MeV Si2+ ions does not promote diffusion of the implants in either the crystalline or fully amorphized SiC. There is no evidence of significant diffusion of the implanted Ag in crystalline SiC during thermal annealing at temperatures up to 1573 K. However, it appears that the Ag tends to diffuse toward the surface in amorphous SiC at 1573 K. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 642 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.134 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800119 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, W Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Janson, M Hallen, A AF Zhang, Y Weber, WJ Jiang, W Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Janson, M Hallen, A TI Annealing behavior of Al-implantation-induced disorder in 4H-SiC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE SiC; ion implantation; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; secondary ion mass spectroscopy; annealing; defect ID SILICON-CARBIDE; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; MATERIAL DEFECTS; DAMAGE; TEMPERATURE; RECOVERY; ACCUMULATION; EVOLUTION; DIODES AB Single crystal 4H-SiC films were implanted at 150 K with 1.1 MeV Al-2(2+) and subsequently annealed at elevated 2 temperatures. In addition to the damage peak, an enhancement of the backscattering yield between the surface peak and damage peak is observed. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry results indicate that the relative Si disorder at the damage peak recovers significantly as the annealing temperature increases, and the near-surface peak disappears after annealing at 570 K. However, the residual Si disorder is more resistant to high-temperature annealing in the region of the implanted Al. The maximum concentration of Al profile measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy is a factor of 1000 lower than the level of the residual Si disorder at the same region. Analysis of these results indicates that the excess residual Si disorder around the implanted Al projected range cannot be accounted for by just the Al interstitials; instead, it appears that implanted Al stabilizes or inhibits recovery Si disorder under the current experimental conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Microelect & IT, SE-16440 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yanwen.zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.135 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800120 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Hochbauer, T Averitt, RD Nastasi, M AF Lee, JK Hochbauer, T Averitt, RD Nastasi, M TI Relationship between damage evolution and Si-H complexes formation in hydrogen implanted Si SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs ID SILICON; CUT AB The lattice damage and the chemical bonding in H implanted Si substrates with different doping levels were analyzed with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) in channeling mode and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), respectively. We observed that the damage of room temperature implanted Si consisted of Si-H complexes and irradiation induced interstitial/vacancy pairs, and that the lattice damage decreased in the presence of pre-implanted boron. This reduction in lattice damage was most pronounced when B was not activated, regardless of Si substrate type. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, G755,MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jklee@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 662 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.138 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800123 ER PT J AU Wei, P Tixier, S Chicoine, M Francoeur, S Mascarenhas, A Tiedje, T Schiettekatte, F AF Wei, P Tixier, S Chicoine, M Francoeur, S Mascarenhas, A Tiedje, T Schiettekatte, F TI Ion beam characterization of GaAs(1-x-y)NxBi(y) epitaxial layers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE III-V semiconductors; GaAsN; Bi; rutherford backscattering spectrometry; elastic recoil detection; nuclear reaction analysis; channeling ID SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOY GAAS1-XBIX; GROWTH AB Incorporation of Bi in GaAs1-xNx epitaxial layers represents a significant interest as Bi compensates the lattice parameter reduction caused by the N incorporation while contributing to the reduction of the band gap energy. GaAs1-x-yNxBiy epitaxial layers were grown on GaAs wafers by molecular beam epitaxy. The quality of the films as well as the concentration and lattice location of Bi and N were characterized by channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis using 2 and 3.72 MeV He beams, respectively. The amount of nitrogen in the film was measured by means of the N-14(alpha, p)O-17 endothermic nuclear reaction and elastic recoil detection. The results indicate that high quality epitaxial layers were obtained, with y = 1.8% Bi incorporated into the layer. Angular scan along the main axes showed no strain in the film and indicated that most of Bi atoms are located at substitutional sites. Nitrogen lattice incorporation is more difficult to establish because of the presence of Bi in the layer, but we estimate the substitutional fraction to be 71 +/- 6%. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Grp Rech Phys & Technol Couches Minces, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, P (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Grp Rech Phys & Technol Couches Minces, CP 6128,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM pengwei@lps.umontreal.ca RI Francoeur, Sebastien/E-6614-2011 OI Francoeur, Sebastien/0000-0002-6129-7026 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.140 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800125 ER PT J AU Wang, YQ Curry, M Tavenner, E Dobson, N Giedd, RE AF Wang, YQ Curry, M Tavenner, E Dobson, N Giedd, RE TI Ion beam modification and analysis of metal/polymer bi-layer thin films SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE metal/polymer interface; microstructure SEM; RBS/ERD; ion implantation; electrical conductivity ID IMPLANTATION; NANOCLUSTERS; POLYMERS; AL2O3 AB A set of varying-thickness Au-films were thermally evaporated onto poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) thin film surfaces. The Au/PSA bi-layer targets were then implanted with 50 keV N+ ions to a fluence of 1 x 10(16) ions/cm(2) to promote metal-to-polymer adhesion and to enhance their mechanical and electrical performance. Electrical conductivity measurements of the implanted Au/PSA thin films showed a sharp percolation behavior versus the pre-implant Au-film thickness with a percolation threshold near the nominal thickness of 44 Angstrom. The electrical conductivity results are discussed along with the film microstructure and the elemental diffusion/mixing within the Au/PSA interface obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ion beam analysis techniques (RBS and ERD). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, IT Characterizat Facil, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Phys Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Brewer Sci Inc, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Wang, YQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mailstop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yqwang@lanl.gov RI Tavenner, Eric/H-2148-2013 OI Tavenner, Eric/0000-0002-0988-811X NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 798 EP 803 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.166 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800151 ER PT J AU Wampler, WR AF Wampler, WR TI Ion beam analysis for fusion energy research SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs ID DIII-D DIVERTOR; D-T EXPERIMENTS; ASDEX-UPGRADE; DETACHED PLASMAS; NET EROSION; JET TOKAMAK; 1ST WALL; TUNGSTEN; CARBON; DEPOSITION AB Proposed next-step devices for development of fusion energy present a major increase in the energy content and duration of plasmas far beyond those encountered in existing machines. This increases the importance of controlling interactions between the fusion plasma and first-wall materials. These interactions change the wall materials and strongly affect the core plasma conditions. Two critical processes are the erosion of materials by the plasma, and the redeposition of eroded material along with hydrogen isotopes from the plasma. These impact reactor design through the lifetime of plasma-facing components and the inventory of tritium retained inside the vessel. Ion beam analysis has been widely used to investigate these complex plasma-material interactions in most of the large fusion plasma experiments. The design and choice of plasma-facing materials for next-step machines rely on knowledge obtained from these studies. This paper reviews the use of ion beam analysis for fusion energy research, and shows how these studies have helped to guide the design and selection of materials for a next-step machine. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wampler, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1111, POB 5800,MS 1056, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wrwampl@sandia.gov NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 836 EP 845 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.0173 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800158 ER PT J AU Veryovkin, IV Calaway, WF Pellin, MJ AF Veryovkin, IV Calaway, WF Pellin, MJ TI Calculating time-of-flight spectra of post-ionized sputtered neutrals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE sputtering by atom, molecule and ion impact; ion-surface impact; time-of-flight mass spectrometers; computer modeling and simulation ID COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IONIZATION; ENERGY; ATOMS AB We have developed a computational approach to estimate the three-dimensional number density distribution of sputtered atoms above a solid target surface. This distribution is a function of pulsed primary ion beam characteristics, such as the time profile of the ion pulse, and the size, shape and current profile of the ion beam spot. The model is also a function of laser post-ionization conditions, namely, the delay time between the end of the ion pulse and the laser shot. The calculations, based on the collision cascade theory of sputtering, are designed to represent accurately the ion cloud produced when sputtered neutrals are photo-ionized. This mathematical framework is important for modeling analytical instruments based on ion sputtering, particularly for pulsed draw out time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry instruments. The output of the calculations is structured for easy input of the derived 3D distribution into ion optics simulation packages. To test the accuracy of the approach.. we calculated the number density distribution of Ca atoms sputtered by normal incident 4 keV Ar+ ions from a pure Ca target and used the results as input for a SIMION 3D(R) computer model of an existing TOF instrument. The model was then used to simulate useful yield estimates and TOF mass spectra and to compare them to actual experimental measurements. Good agreement was observed between the model calculations and the experiments. The developed modeling technique has been used to aid in the design of a new TOF MS instrument at Argonne National Laboratory. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Veryovkin, IV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM verigo@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 1051 EP 1057 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.211 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800196 ER PT J AU Arstila, K Knapp, JA Nordlund, K Doyle, BL AF Arstila, K Knapp, JA Nordlund, K Doyle, BL TI Monte Carlo simulations of multiple scattering effects in ERD measurements SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ion Beam Analysis CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP USAF Res Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs AB Multiple scattering effects in ERD measurements are studied by comparing two Monte Carlo simulation codes, representing different approaches to obtain acceptable statistics, to experimental spectra measured from a HfO2 sample with a time-of-flight-ERD setup. The results show that both codes can reproduce the absolute detection yields and the energy distributions in an adequate way. The effect of the choice of the interatomic potential in multiple scattering effects is also studied. Finally the capabilities of the MC simulations in the design of new measurement setups are demonstrated by simulating the recoil energy spectra from a WCxNy sample with a low energy heavy ion beam. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Helsinki, Accelerator Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Arstila, K (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Accelerator Lab, POB 43, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM kai.arstila@helsinki.fi RI Arstila, Kai/K-2237-2013; Nordlund, Kai/L-8275-2014 OI Arstila, Kai/0000-0002-6491-2602; Nordlund, Kai/0000-0001-6244-1942 NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 219 BP 1058 EP 1061 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.212 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 827JO UT WOS:000221895800197 ER PT J AU Weber, WJ Gao, F Devanathan, R Jiang, W AF Weber, WJ Gao, F Devanathan, R Jiang, W TI The efficiency of damage production in silicon carbide SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE silicon carbide; irradiation effects; defects; computer simulations ID POTENTIALS; SIMULATION; RECOVERY; RECOILS; DEVICES AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the statistics of damage production in 3C-SiC due to C, Si and An primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) over energies from 0.25 to 50 keV. In order to account for the different displacement energies on the Si and C sublattices and accurately assess the damage efficiency, a modified version of the SRIM (stopping and range of ions in matter) code, with the electronic stopping turned off to duplicate the MD conditions, was used to calculate the statistics of damage production for the same PKAs over the energy range from 0.1 to 400 keV under the binary collision approximation using threshold displacement energies of 20 and 35 eV for C and Si, respectively. Using the modified SRIM predictions as a reference, the efficiencies of total damage production are determined for C, Si and Au PKAs as functions of energy. The efficiency for production of C displacements is similar for all PKAs; however, C PKAs have a much lower efficiency for producing stable Si displacements than Si and An PKAs, which leads to a much higher ratio of C to Si displacements for C PKAs. These results are consistent with the experimental damage production behavior observed in SiC irradiated with C, Si and An ions at 150 K. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K8-93,POB 999,3335 Q St, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bill.weber@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.006 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000011 ER PT J AU Gao, F Posselt, M Belko, V Zhang, Y Weber, WJ AF Gao, F Posselt, M Belko, V Zhang, Y Weber, WJ TI Structures and energetics of defects: a comparative study of 3C-and 4H-SiC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE defects and defect properties; computer simulations; 3C-and 4H-SiC AB The structures, formation energies and stable configurations of elementary defects (vacancies, antisite defects and self-interstitials) in 3C- and 4H-SiCare studied using classical molecular dynamics simulation with a recently developed interatomic potential. The defect structures in 3C-SiC are relatively simple, but those in 4H-SiC are more complex. The interstitials between hexagonal and. trigonal rings are characteristic for 4H-SiC and other hexagonal polytypes, but not for 3C-SiC. The number of non-equivalent defects in 4H-SiC is much higher than that in 3C-SiC, and a considerable difference is found for some complex and anisotropic defects, in particular for the dumbbells D1Si-Si, D1Si-C and D2Si-C. The lattice deformation beyond the first nearest neighbor shell, which depends strongly on the polytype structure, plays an important role on these effects. However, the polytypism does not have a significant influence on the structure and energetics of the more compact and isotropic defects, such as vacancies and antisite defects. Despite the complexity of defect configurations, the tetrahedral interstitials have very similar properties in 3C- and 4H-SiC because their first, second and third nearest neighbor shells are identical. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Weber, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, MSIN K8-93,POB 999,3335 Q St, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bill.weber@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.028 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000012 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Shutthanandan, V Devanathan, R Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Young, J Balakrishnan, G Paul, DM Weber, WJ AF Zhang, Y Shutthanandan, V Devanathan, R Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Young, J Balakrishnan, G Paul, DM Weber, WJ TI Damage accumulation and amorphization in samarium titanate pyrochlore SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE damage accumulation; amorphization; samarium titanate pyrochlore; irradiation; Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy ID SELF-RADIATION DAMAGE; ION IRRADIATION; GD2TI2O7; IMMOBILIZATION; ZIRCONOLITE; PLUTONIUM; CERAMICS; WASTE AB Damage accumulation in Sm(2)Ti(2)O(7) single crystals irradiated with Au(2+) ions at 170, 300 and 700 K was studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry using a 2.0 MeV He(+) beam along the <001> channeling direction. The relative disorder on the Sm sublattice follows a nonlinear dependence on ion fluence. The nonlinear behavior is described well by a disorder accumulation model that indicates a predominant role of a defect-stimulated amorphization process. The critical dose for amorphization at 300 K is similar to0.14 dpa, which is in good agreement with in situ transmission electron microscopy results for polycrystalline Sm(2)Ti(2)O(7) irradiated with 600 keV Bi(+) ions and with Gd(2)Ti(2)O(7) doped with (244)Cm. Despite the six orders of magnitude difference in damage rates, the good agreement between the amorphization doses in Sm(2)Ti(2)O(7) at 300 K and (244)Cm-doped Gd(2)Ti(2)O(7) at 340 K indicates that damage accumulation at these temperatures is relatively independent of dose rate. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yanwen.zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; Balakrishnan, Geetha/P-5977-2016 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Balakrishnan, Geetha/0000-0002-5890-1149 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.003 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000014 ER PT J AU Corrales, LR AF Corrales, LR TI Computational methods to study radiation effects in oxide materials SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON DIOXIDE; SELF-TRAPPED HOLES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; IRRADIATED ZIRCON; DAMAGE; PERCOLATION; CARBIDE AB In this work, we briefly review recent theoretical studies of irradiation effects in oxide materials. Research based on classical mechanics and electronic structure methods to study ballistic and electronic excitation processes, respectively, in oxide materials is presented. Oxide materials have both ionic and covalent bonding interactions that make them more complex than metals and semiconductors. Hence, the modern strategy is to use electronic structure methods to help parameterize classical potential models, thus reducing the ambiguity of the potential model. Oxide materials can also support long-lived electronic excitations either as self-trapped holes and excitons or as in the formation of higher energy states, such as in a color center. We have learned that the electronic structure, in particular the low-lying conduction band states of insulators, is strongly coupled to the ionic forces, and so the excited state manifold must be mapped. In carrying out these tasks, many pitfalls are found, some discoveries are made, and many digressions are required to understand how molecular dynamics simulations can eventually couple the ballistic and electronic excitations that occur in irradiation processes in oxide materials. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Corrales, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,902 Batelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rene.corrales@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.045 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000015 ER PT J AU Valdez, JA Tang, M Chi, ZH Peters, MI Sickafus, KE AF Valdez, JA Tang, M Chi, ZH Peters, MI Sickafus, KE TI Characterization of an ion irradiation induced phase transformation in monoclinic zirconia SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE ion irradiation effects; ceramics (oxides); insulators; transmission electron microscopy; theory and models of radiation effects; convergent-beam electron diffraction; selected-area electron diffraction; nanodiffraction; X-ray reflectometry; metastable phases; infrared and Raman spectra ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; PURE ZIRCONIA; HIGH-PRESSURE; TRANSITION; ZRO2; TEMPERATURE AB Ion irradiation damage experiments were performed on polycrystalline samples of monoclinic, sub-stoichiometric zirconia (ZrO1.98). Following irradiation with 300 keV Kr2+ ions, the monoclinic phase was gradually replaced by a new phase. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements revealed that the radiation-induced phase is either a tetragonal or cubic polymorph of zirconia. This phase appeared at peak displacement damage doses as low as 1.8 displacements per atom (dpa). Raman spectroscopy (RS) measurements were performed in an attempt to discern the nature of the transformed irradiated material, but these measurements in the confocal geometry failed to unambiguously establish the nature of the phase transformation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments and particularly microdiffraction (muD) measurements revealed that in a sample irradiated to a fluence of 1 x 10(20) Kr/m(2), the transformed zirconia possesses a tetragonal structure. This was evidenced by the appearance of (1 1 2)-type Bragg reflections (indexed according to a "face-centered" unit cell) in the irradiated sample material. These (1 1 2) reflections are allowed in a tetragonal structure, while they are forbidden in cubic zirconia. Finally, additional GIXRD measurements on Kr2+ ion irradiated zirconia, samples revealed very weak intensities at the diffraction position corresponding to a (1 1 2) tetragonal zirconia reflection. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Renishaw Inc, Hoffman Estates, IL 60192 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kurt@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.02.001 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000016 ER PT J AU Savoini, B Caceres, D Gonzalez, R Chen, Y Pinto, JV da Silva, RC Alves, E AF Savoini, B Caceres, D Gonzalez, R Chen, Y Pinto, JV da Silva, RC Alves, E TI Copper nanocolloids in MgO crystals implanted with Cu ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE ion implantation; defects; precipitates; MgO ID MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; LITHIUM IONS; MGO(100); LI; LUMINESCENCE AB Rutherford backscattering and optical absorption measurements were used to characterize both intrinsic and extrinsic defects produced in MgO single crystals by implantation with 250 keV Cu2+ ions at a fluence of 1 x 10(17) ions/ cm(2). Several absorption bands identical to those found in neutron irradiated crystals were observed and have been previously associated with oxygen vacancies and higher-order defects involving oxygen vacancies. In addition, a broad extinction band centered at approximate to3.0 eV is observed and is attributed to copper precipitates. The maximum concentration of the implanted Cu ions occurs at a penetration depth of approximate to130 nm. The copper colloids start to dissolve at temperatures above 1100 K and by 1500 K most of the copper ions have diffused into substitutional sites. Hardening induced by implantation was characterized by nanoindentation measurements. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Escuela Politecn Super, Madrid 28911, Spain. Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Dept Fis, EN 10, P-2866953 Sacavem, Portugal. US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. CFNUL, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Escuela Politecn Super, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. EM rgonza@fis.uc3m.es RI Alves, Eduardo/K-2481-2013; Vaz Pinto, Joana/J-3632-2013; OI da Silva, Rui/0000-0002-4442-891X; Alves, Eduardo/0000-0003-0633-8937; Vaz Pinto, Joana/0000-0003-0847-7711; SAVOINI, BEGONA/0000-0002-7347-7569 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.053 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000024 ER PT J AU Tardio, M Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Pinto, JV da Silva, RC Alves, E Chen, Y AF Tardio, M Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Pinto, JV da Silva, RC Alves, E Chen, Y TI Electrical conductivity of as-grown and oxidized MgO : Li crystals implanted with Li ions SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE electrical conductivity; ion implantation; defects; MgO ID ALKALINE EARTH OXIDES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LITHIUM IMPURITIES; MAGNESIUM OXIDE; DEFECTS; CENTERS; TIO2; CAO AB Alternating and direct current electrical measurements between 293 and 450 K were used to characterize the electrical conductivity of the implanted region in as-grown and oxidized MgO:Li single crystals. Both types of crystals were implanted with Li(+) ions with art energy of 175 keV and a fluence of 1 x 10(17) ions/cm(2). The electrical conductivity of the implanted regions was approximate to14 and 7 orders of magnitude higher than that of the unimplanted areas, respectively. Electrical measurements at different temperatures of the implanted regions suggest thermally activated processes with activation energies of about 0.14 and 0.06 eV in as-grown and oxidized samples, respectively. In both type of crystals, the I-V characteristics reveal that the contacts are ohmic, in contrast to blocking contacts in unimplanted crystals. The enhancement in conductivity observed in the implanted region is associated with the intrinsic defects created by the implantation, rather than with the implanted Li ions. The differences in both conductivity and activation energy relative to undoped crystals are likely due to free carriers already present in different concentrations in as-grown and oxidized MgO:Li crystals before implantation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Dept Mat Sci, Off Basic Energy, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. CFNUL, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Dept Fis, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. RP Alves, E (reprint author), Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Dept Fis, EN 10, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. EM ealves@itn.mces.pt RI Alves, Eduardo/K-2481-2013; Ramirez Jimenez, Rafael/I-1769-2015; Vaz Pinto, Joana/J-3632-2013; TARDIO LOPEZ, MIGUEL M./G-3177-2016; OI Alves, Eduardo/0000-0003-0633-8937; Vaz Pinto, Joana/0000-0003-0847-7711; TARDIO LOPEZ, MIGUEL M./0000-0001-7413-0009; da Silva, Rui/0000-0002-4442-891X NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.063 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000027 ER PT J AU Smith, DY Shiles, E Inokuti, M AF Smith, DY Shiles, E Inokuti, M TI Refraction and dispersion in optical glass SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE optical properties; dispersion formulas; absorption spectra; optical glass ID FUNDAMENTAL ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; SIO2; REFLECTION; QUARTZ; OXIDE; AL2O3 AB The reflectivity spectra of representative glasses were analyzed to obtain their uv absorption spectra. From these, we show that the first few inverse moments of the absorption give a good representation of the refractive index for visible light when used with the generalized Cauchy dispersion formula [Radiat. Eff. Def. Sol. 157 (2002) 823]. The absorption spectra also illustrate the roles of modifier ions in determining the visible refractive index. These include introduction of ion-specific absorptions (uv color centers); broadening, shifting and altering the strength of glass-former absorptions; and alteration of the density and structure of the glass' random network. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DY (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, 82 Univ Pl, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM dysmith@uvm.edu NR 27 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.006 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000028 ER PT J AU McHargue, CJ Ononye, LC Alves, E Marques, C Allard, LF AF McHargue, CJ Ononye, LC Alves, E Marques, C Allard, LF TI The effect of temperature on the structure of iron-implanted sapphire SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE sapphire; TEM; RBS-C; nanoclusters ID AL2O3 AB The defect structures of sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) implanted with iron at room temperature and 1000 degreesC were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy/ion channelling and transmission electron microscopy. Crystals with the c-axis normal to the surface were implanted with 1 x 10(17) Fe/cm(2) (150 keV). Samples implanted at RT were then annealed at 1000 degreesC in a reducing atmosphere. Implantation at RT produced precipitates, identified as alpha-Fe, 1-3 nm in size and the typical "black spot" damage. Implantation at 1000 degreesC produced little residual disorder and a microstructure containing faceted iron precipitates ranging in size to 100 nm. Voids were associated with many of the precipitates. A second population of voids in the size range of 5-15 nm was also present. Annealing produced a microstructure containing 1-60 nm faceted precipitates but fewer voids. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ITN, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP McHargue, CJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, 100 Eastbrook Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM crl@utk.edu RI Alves, Eduardo/K-2481-2013; Marques, Carlos/C-2241-2008 OI Alves, Eduardo/0000-0003-0633-8937; Marques, Carlos/0000-0001-5691-6569; NR 5 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.089 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000038 ER PT J AU Lian, J Wang, LM Haire, RG Helean, KB Ewing, RC AF Lian, J Wang, LM Haire, RG Helean, KB Ewing, RC TI Ion beam irradiation in La2Zr2O7-Ce2Zr2O7 pyrochlore SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV ID SELF-RADIATION DAMAGE; GADOLINIUM ZIRCONATE; SOLID-SOLUTION; NUCLEAR-WASTE; OXIDE PYROCHLORES; PLUTONIUM; IMMOBILIZATION; DISORDER; OXYGEN; GD2TI2O7 AB Generally, zirconate pyrochlores do not experience a radiation-induced transformation from the crystalline-to-amorphous state, but rather disorder to a defect fluorite structure-type. Thus Gd2Zr2O7 has been proposed as a nuclear waste form for the immobilization of plutonium because of its radiation "stability". In contrast, La2Zr2O7 can be amorphized by a 1.5 MeV Xe+ ion irradiation (similar to5.5 dpa at room temperature), and the critical amorphization temperature is low (similar to310 K). In this study we present data on ion beam irradiations of compositions in the solid solution: (La1-xCex)(2)Zr2O7 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 1). Ce is used as an analogue element for Pu because of similarities in charge and size. La2Zr2O7 can be amorphized by a 1.0 MeV Kr+ ion irradiation at 25 and 293 K at doses of similar to1.19 and similar to3.42 dpa, respectively, confirming that La2Zr2O7 is Susceptible to ion irradiation-induced amorphization. With the addition of 10 mol% Ce in lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore structure, no ion irradiation-induced amorphization has been observed at room temperature. The critical amorphization dose for (La0.9Ce0.1)(2)Zr2O7 at 25 K is similar to3.55 dpa, and with increasing Ce-content, a higher dose (similar to5.20 dpa) is required to fully amorphize (La0.8Ce0.2)(2)Zr2O7 at 25 K. No amorphization occurred for Ce2Zr2O7 at 25 K at a. dose of similar to7 dpa. These results suggest that the addition of Ce into the La2Zr2O7 structure increases the stability of the La2Zr2O7 waste form in a radiation environment, which may be attributed to the decreasing average radius of cations in the A-site, resulting from the smaller ionic radii of Ce3+ (0.114 nm) and Ce4+ (0.097 nm) as compared to La3+ (0.116 nm). An ion beam-induced anion-disordered pyrochlore was observed prior to the final transformation to a disordered fluorite structure. The local structural evolution upon ion irradiation was also investigated for Ce-doped La2Zr2O7 pyrochlores with different average A-site cation sizes and valence states using electron energy-loss spectrometry (EELS). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ewing, RC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, 1906 Cooley Bldg,2355 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rodewing@umich.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010 NR 38 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.01.007 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000040 ER PT J AU Gritsyna, VT Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Kazarinov, YG Sickafus, KE AF Gritsyna, VT Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Kazarinov, YG Sickafus, KE TI Optical transitions in magnesium aluminate spinel crystals of different compositions exposed to irradiation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE magnesium aluminate spinel; radiation induced absorption spectra; F-centers; V-centers; defects ID MGAL2O4 CRYSTALS; RADIATION; ABSORPTION; DEFECTS; SPECTRA; DAMAGE; METALS AB Optical absorption of magnesium aluminate spinel single crystals of different compositions MgO(.)nAl(2)O(3) (n = 1.0 and 2.5) were investigated after irradiation with neutrons, X-rays and the UV-Iight to elucidate existence of specific absorption bands related to lattice defects. The radiation induced absorption envelope is shifted to higher energy and is larger in intensity in non-stoichiometric spinel in comparison with stoichiometric one at the same irradiation conditions. Deconvolution of difference optical spectra of irradiated crystals shows the shift of the F-type centers from 4.75 and 5.3 eV in stoichiometric crystals to 5.08 and 5.63 eV in MgO(.)2.5Al(2)O(3) for F+- and F-centers, respectively. The absorption bands at 3.1 and 3.78 eV are present in both stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric crystals and are identified as V-type centers. By changing the irradiation time and using isochronal annealing it was revealed that additional bands appear in optical absorption spectra at 4.15 eV for MgO (.) 1.0Al(2)O(3) crystals and at 4.46 eV for MgO (.) 2.5Al(2)O(3) crystals. From the shift of the band energy position and the high intensity of this band in non-stoichiometric spinel crystals, it could be identified with electronic centers related to lattice defects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kharkiv Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Technol, UA-61077 Kharkov, Ukraine. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gritsyna, VT (reprint author), Kharkiv Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Technol, Svoboda Sq 4, UA-61077 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM gritsyna@pht.univer.kharkov.ua RI Gritsyna, Vasyl/J-9021-2016; Kazarinov, Yuri/J-5876-2016 OI Gritsyna, Vasyl/0000-0002-6734-3812; Kazarinov, Yuri/0000-0001-5143-8545 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2004.02.002 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000045 ER PT J AU Sun, K Wang, LM Ewing, RC Weber, WJ AF Sun, K Wang, LM Ewing, RC Weber, WJ TI Electron irradiation induced phase separation in a sodium borosilicate glass SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE sodium borosilicate glass; phase separation; EELS; EFTEM ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; METALLIC GLASSES; BORON; WASTE; DECOMPOSITION; BERYLLIUM; LEVEL; ELNES AB Electron irradiation induced phase separation in a sodium borosilicate glass was studied in situ by analytical electron microscopy. Distinctly separate phases that are rich in boron and silicon formed at electron doses higher than 4.0 x 10(11) Gy during irradiation. The separated phases are still in amorphous states even at a much high dose (2.1 x 10(11) Gy). It indicates that most silicon atoms remain tetrahedrally coordinated in the glass during the entire irradiation period, except some possible reduction to amorphous silicon. The particulate B-rich phase that formed at high dose was identified as amorphous boron that may contain some oxygen. Both ballistic and ionization processes may contribute to the phase separation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lmwang@umich.edu RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 368 EP 374 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.022 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000061 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Wang, LM Sun, K AF Jiang, W Weber, WJ Wang, LM Sun, K TI Amorphization processes in Au ion irradiated GaN at 150-300 K SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV DE ion-beam irradiation; disorder accumulation; defect microstructures; GaN ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; IMPLANTED GAN; DISORDER; DEFECTS AB Epitaxial single-crystal gallium nitride (GaN) films on sapphire were irradiated at temperatures between 150 and 300 K using 1.0 MeV An(2+) ions over a range of fluences. The accumulation of disorder on the Ga sublattice has been investigated based on 2.0 MeV He+ RBS along the <0 0 0 1>-axial channeling direction. In general, the degree of disorder in the irradiated GaN increases at low doses and saturates at intermediate doses; at higher doses, a rapid amorphization process occurs as a result of the ingrowth of surface defects. Results from this study indicate that there may be a dynamic recovery stage on the Ga sublattice in GaN between 250 and 300 K. High-resolution TEM studies show that the microstructure in the disorder saturation stage contains a dense network of planar defects (basal-plane dislocation loops and stacking faults), while the more highly disordered regime includes amorphous domains and small crystalline zones that are randomly oriented. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.012 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000071 ER PT J AU Maltez, RL Ribeiro, E Bernussi, AA Amaral, L Behar, M Specht, P Liliental-Weber, Z AF Maltez, RL Ribeiro, E Bernussi, AA Amaral, L Behar, M Specht, P Liliental-Weber, Z TI TEM and PL characterization of erbium and oxygen co-implanted LT-GaAs : Be SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 2003 CL Gramado, BRAZIL SP UFRGS, FAPERGS, CNPQ, FINEP, Elsevier, High Voltage Engn Europa BV ID TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; DOPED GAAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EPITAXY; INP AB Er and 0 have been co-implanted into Be doped low-temperature LT-GaAs. Plateau-like profiles from 10 to similar to 145 nm below the sample surface and with an Er concentration at 10(19) cm(-3) were obtained. Samples with different Er to 0 ratios (1:0, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8) were prepared and annealed in the 550 850 degreesC temperature range for 30 s. Photoluminescence (PL) data for samples with 1:2 ratio shows that Er intensity is enhanced by a factor of similar to5 as compared to the non-oxygen implanted samples. In order to optically activate Er higher temperatures are required compared to the samples where oxygen is not introduced. Once Er emission is activated, it is found to be thermally stable. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows no Er-rich precipitation for the co-implanted samples while those samples without oxygen have ErAs precipitates. We believe that the absence of these precipitates in the co-implanted samples is responsible for better temperature stability for Er emission. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UFRGS, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, BR-13084971 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maltez, RL (reprint author), UFRGS, Inst Fis, CP 15051, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM maltez@if.ufrgs.br RI Ribeiro, Evaldo/C-3464-2008; Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Maltez, Rogerio/K-1173-2016 OI Ribeiro, Evaldo/0000-0002-0901-3049; Maltez, Rogerio/0000-0002-8653-6118 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 2004 VL 218 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.12.061 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 822SR UT WOS:000221561000074 ER PT J AU Lamb, DQ Ricker, GR Atteia, JL Barraud, C Boer, M Braga, J Butler, N Cline, T Crew, GB Dezalay, JP Donaghy, TQ Doty, JP Dullighan, A Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Graziani, C Hurley, K Jernigan, JG Kawai, N Levine, A Manchanda, R Matsuoka, M Martel, F Monnelly, G Morgan, G Olive, JF Pizzichini, G Prigozhin, G Sakamnoto, T Shirasaki, Y Suzuki, M Takagishi, K Tamagawa, T Torii, K Vanderspek, R Vedrenne, G Villasenor, J Woosley, SE Yamauchi, M Yoshida, A AF Lamb, DQ Ricker, GR Atteia, JL Barraud, C Boer, M Braga, J Butler, N Cline, T Crew, GB Dezalay, JP Donaghy, TQ Doty, JP Dullighan, A Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Graziani, C Hurley, K Jernigan, JG Kawai, N Levine, A Manchanda, R Matsuoka, M Martel, F Monnelly, G Morgan, G Olive, JF Pizzichini, G Prigozhin, G Sakamnoto, T Shirasaki, Y Suzuki, M Takagishi, K Tamagawa, T Torii, K Vanderspek, R Vedrenne, G Villasenor, J Woosley, SE Yamauchi, M Yoshida, A TI Scientific highlights of the HETE-2 mission SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd BeppoSAX Conference on Restless High-Energy Universe CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Acad Dei Lincei Rome ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; EARLY OPTICAL-EMISSION; EARLY AFTERGLOW; HIGH REDSHIFTS; STAR-FORMATION; UNIVERSE; SUPERNOVA; DISCOVERY; POLARIZATION; REIONIZATION AB The HETE-2 mission has been highly productive. It has observed more than 250 GRBs so far. It is currently localizing 25 - 30 GRBs per year, and has localized 43 GRBs to date. Twenty-one of these localizations have led to the detection of X-ray, optical, or radio afterglows, and as of now, 11 of the bursts with afterglows have known redshifts. HETE-2 has confirmed the connection between GRBs and Type Ic supernovae, a singular achievement and certainly one of the scientific highlights of the mission so far. It has provided evidence that the isotropic-equivalent energies and luminosities of GRBs are correlated with redshift, implying that GRBs and their progenitors evolve strongly with redshift. Both of these results have profound implications for the nature of GRB progenitors and for the use of GRBs as a probe of cosmology and the early universe. HETE-2 has placed severe constraints on any X-ray or optical afterglow of a short GRB. It is also solving the mystery of "optically dark" GRBs, and revealing the nature of X-ray flashes. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. Tata Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. NASDA, Tokyo, Japan. CNR, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 181, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Aoyama Univ, Tokyo, Japan. RP Lamb, DQ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. OI Boer, Michel/0000-0001-9157-4349 NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 132 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.04.049 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 845FX UT WOS:000223224300051 ER PT J AU Morel, JE Lathrop, KD AF Morel, JE Lathrop, KD TI Singular solutions, integral transport theory, and the S-n method SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The integral transport equation clearly indicates that the angular flux in a void is constant along each characteristic. Yet, simple arguments can be used to demonstrate that there exist angular flux solutions in voids that have a delta-function angular dependence and a nonconstant spatial dependence. Such solutions can appear to be nonconstant along a characteristic. Using a simple example problem, we demonstrate that such solutions represent the limit of a continuous sequence of nonsingular solutions, each of which is constant along every characteristic. We also show that care must be taken in applying the integral transport equation to singular problems of this type because erroneous solutions are easily obtained Two reliable approaches for obtaining proper solutions are presented We also show that the differential form of the transport equation in one-dimensional spherical geometry requires less care than the integral form of the transport equation for problems of this type. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the S, method to problems in curvilinear geometries with singular solutions of this type. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morel, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jim@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 147 IS 2 BP 158 EP 166 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 827ST UT WOS:000221921700004 ER PT J AU Slessarev, I Palmiotti, G Salvatores, M Berthou, V AF Slessarev, I Palmiotti, G Salvatores, M Berthou, V TI Wise: A new fuel cycle concept based on a mobile fuel reactor SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mobile fuel; waste-free fuel cycle concept; feed-and-bleed fuel cycle strategy AB A new fuel cycle concept-waste-free, intrinsically safe, and efficient (WISE)-based on a "clean" nuclear plant using mobile fuel (MF) is proposed. WISE does not perturb the radiological equilibrium by minimizing transuranium and long-lived-fission product wastes. The main characteristic of WISE is the use of MF systems and of a feed-and-bleed fuel cycle strategy. Irradiated fuel together with fission products always remains inside a WISE core. This implies no release of waste until fuel reserves are available. After the fuel reserves are exhausted, an on-line reprocessing technology can be applied in order to minimize waste. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Anal & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM GPalmiotti@anl.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 146 IS 3 BP 230 EP 243 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 831XK UT WOS:000222229800003 ER PT J AU Maji, AK Letellier, B Ross, KW Rao, DV Bartlein, L AF Maji, AK Letellier, B Ross, KW Rao, DV Bartlein, L TI Experimental validation of CFD analyses for estimating the transport fraction of loca-generated insulation debris to ECCS sump screens SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insulation; debris; transport AB This paper presents a comparison between computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and experiments in order to help pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants develop a methodology for estimating the amount of insulation debris that may transport to the sump screens of an emergency core cooling system (ECCS). This information is essential for the resolution of Generic Safety Issue-191 on the safety margins of the ECCS systems subsequent to debris accumulation and head loss at the screen. Tests were carried out on a simulated containment floor in the laboratory to determine the flow velocities in which different types of objects including insulation debris would move along the floor. CFD analyses were independently carried out to determine the flow velocities in the containment under different flow rates and break locations. It was shown that the flow regimes predicted by the CFD analyses compare well with the experimentally observed movement along the floor. Based on this observation the transport fraction of different types of insulation debris can be estimated specific to any PWR plant. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Probabilist Risk & Hazards Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Alion Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Maji, AK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM amaji@unm.edu NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 146 IS 3 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 831XK UT WOS:000222229800007 ER PT J AU Ryan, TJ Plague, GR AF Ryan, TJ Plague, GR TI Hatching asynchrony, survival, and the fitness of alternative adult morphs in Ambystoma talpoideum SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE life-cycle polymorphism; intraspecific priority effects; metamorphosis; paedomorphosis ID EXPERIMENTAL POND COMMUNITIES; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; LIFE-CYCLES; SALAMANDER; PEDOMORPHOSIS; DENSITY; GROWTH; COMPETITION; EVOLUTION; SIZE AB The mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum, exhibits both aquatic (gilled) and terrestrial (metamorphosed) adult morphologies. Previous studies have shown the existence of body-size advantages associated with the terrestrial morph in A. talpoideum and other polymorphic salamanders (e.g., A. tigrinum). However, aquatic adult A. talpoideum mature at a younger age and often breed earlier than terrestrial adults. We tested the hypothesis that early maturation and reproduction in aquatic adults increase fitness (irrespective of body size). We reared larval A. talpoideum in mesocosms and varied the timing of hatching, with early-hatching larvae representing the offspring from early-breeding aquatic adults, and late-hatching larvae representing the offspring of later-breeding terrestrial adults. Our results demonstrate significantly higher survival rates among early-hatchlings relative to late-hatching conspecifics, supporting the hypothesis that early reproduction may be an important mechanism mediating the polymorphism in A. talpoideum. We discuss our results within the context of size-based models of the fitness of alternative life-cycles. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Ryan, TJ (reprint author), Butler Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46208 USA. EM tryan@butler.edu NR 47 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2004 VL 140 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s00442-004-1563-x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 826SZ UT WOS:000221850300005 PM 15127287 ER PT J AU Faure, J Van Tilborg, J Kaindl, RA Leemans, WP AF Faure, J Van Tilborg, J Kaindl, RA Leemans, WP TI Modelling laser-based table-top THz sources: Optical rectification, propagation and electro-optic sampling SO OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Review DE electro-optic sampling; optical rectification; diffraction; THz radiation; transfer function; ultra-short laser pulses ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; FEMTOSECOND PULSES; GENERATION; BEAMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DIELECTRICS; DISPERSION; CRYSTALS; PLASMA AB A model describing the generation of THz pulses by optical recti. cation and the detection of THz pulses by electro-optic sampling is presented. The model is comprehensive and mostly analytical: physical phenomena such as dispersion, group velocity mismatch, multiple reflections and diffraction are represented by one dimensional transfer functions. The model is compared with experimental results and shows good agreement with experiments. It is shown that including diffraction is crucial for retrieving the details of the THz spectrum. C1 Ecole Polytech, ENSTA, Lab Opt Appl, UMR 7639, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Eindhoven, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Faure, J (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, ENSTA, Lab Opt Appl, UMR 7639, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. EM jfaure@ensta.fr NR 41 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0306-8919 J9 OPT QUANT ELECTRON JI Opt. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 36 IS 8 BP 681 EP 697 DI 10.1023/B:OQEL.0000039617.85129.c2 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 849QG UT WOS:000223554000001 ER PT J AU Keeler, BEN Carr, DW Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA Wendt, JR AF Keeler, BEN Carr, DW Sullivan, JP Friedmann, TA Wendt, JR TI Experimental demonstration of a laterally deformable optical nanoelectromechanical system grating transducer SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We experimentally demonstrate operation of a laterally deformable optical nanoelectromechanical system grating transducer. The device is fabricated in amorphous diamond with standard lithographic techniques. For small changes in the spacing of the subwavelength grating elements, lossy propagating resonant modes in the plane of the grating cause a large change in the optical reflection amplitude. An in-plane motion detection sensitivity of 160 fm/rootHz was measured, exceeding that of any other optical microelectromechanical system transducer to our knowledge. Calculations predict that this sensitivity could be improved to better than 40 fm/rootH-z in future designs. In addition to having applications in the field of inertial sensors, this device could also be used as an optical modulator. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keeler, BEN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bekeele@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1182 EP 1184 DI 10.1364/OL.29.001182 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 821SE UT WOS:000221482100004 PM 15209240 ER PT J AU Chung, Y Lebedev, VV Vergeles, SS AF Chung, Y Lebedev, VV Vergeles, SS TI Interaction of solitons through radiation in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; PULSE-PROPAGATION; PRINCIPAL STATES; DECORRELATION; TRANSMISSION; DIFFUSION; CABLE AB Propagation of solitons in optical fibers is studied taking into account the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) effect. We show that the soliton interaction caused by the radiation emitted by solitons due to the PMD disorder leads to soliton jitter, and we find its statistical properties. The theoretical predictions are justified by direct numerical simulations. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 119334, Russia. RP Chung, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ychung@cnls.lanl.gov RI Vergeles, Sergey/F-3117-2017 OI Vergeles, Sergey/0000-0002-7290-758X NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1245 EP 1247 DI 10.1364/OL.29.001245 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 821SE UT WOS:000221482100025 PM 15209260 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF Payzant, EA Walker, LR AF Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF Payzant, EA Walker, LR TI Oxidation behavior of Cr2N, CrNbN, and CrTaN phase mixtures formed on nitrided Cr and Laves-reinforced Cr alloys SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE oxidation; nitridation; Cr; nitride; laves; wear ID IN-SITU COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURE; COATINGS; TEMPERATURE; NB; FILMS; TA AB A series of single-phase Cr(X), single phase Cr2X Laves phase, and two-phase Cr(X) + Cr2X alloys (X = Nb or Ta) were thermally nitrided for 24 hr at 1100degreesC in N-2 - 4H(2) and then oxidized for 2 hr at 1100degreesC in air. The Cr(X) phase nitrided to form Cr2N while the Cr2X phases nitrided to form a complex local mixture of Cr2N/Cr and CrNbN/CrTaN, Cr3Nb3N/Cr3Ta3N phases depending on the depth in the nitrided zone. The Ta only slightly increased the isothermal oxidation rate of nitrided Cr(Ta) and Cr2Ta-reinforced Cr alloys, compared with nitrided, unalloyed Cr. Further, the nitrided two-phase alloys Cr-9.5Ta and Cr-20Ta exhibited improved Cr2O3 scale adherence relative to nitrided unalloyed Cr and Cr-1Ta. In contrast, Nb was detrimental to the oxidation resistance of the nitrided Cr( Nb) and Cr2Nb-reinforced Cr alloys, resulting in the formation of nonprotective Cr - Nb oxides rather than continuous Cr2O3. A phenomenological explanation for these effects based on phase chemistry and microstructural distribution is presented. Implications of these results for understanding the oxidation behavior of developmental high-temperature, Laves-strengthened Cr alloys, as well as possible applications as oxidation and wear-resistant coatings are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 61 IS 5-6 BP 379 EP 401 DI 10.1023/B:OXID.0000032330.95411.ec PG 23 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 831CZ UT WOS:000222171800003 ER PT J AU Peraldi, R Pint, BA AF Peraldi, R Pint, BA TI Effect of Cr and Ni contents on the oxidation behavior of ferritic and austenitic model alloys in air with water vapor SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE ferritic stainless steels; austenitic stainless steels; Fe-Cr; Fe-Cr; Ni; water vapor; breakaway oxidation; accelerated attack; spallation ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXIDE HYDROXIDE EVAPORATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; INITIAL OXIDATION; CHROMIUM STEELS; 1273 K; ATMOSPHERES; MECHANISMS; DIFFUSION; KINETICS AB Ferritic and austenitic model alloys with various contents of Cr and Ni ranging between 10 - 20 % and 0 - 30 %, respectively, were oxidized in air+ 10 % water vapor during 1 hr cyclic oxidation at 650degreesC and 800degreesC. Depending on the alloy composition and temperature, either a thin protective oxide scale was observed or accelerated attack occurred which sometimes included spallation. For austenitic model alloys, increasing either the Cr or Ni contents delayed the accelerated attack. For lower Cr and Ni contents at 800degreesC, accelerated attack, including spallation, occurred at short exposure times. No spallation was observed for the ferritic model alloys. However, accelerated attack can occur quickly with low Cr contents. Increasing the temperature delayed the breakaway observed on ferritic alloys whereas it reduced the protective-oxide-growth stage for austenitic alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peraldi, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 22 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 22 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 61 IS 5-6 BP 463 EP 483 DI 10.1023/B:OXID.0000032334.75463.da PG 21 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 831CZ UT WOS:000222171800007 ER PT J AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, AA TI Weak antiferromagnetism in the metallic phases of layered cuprates SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID IMPURITIES AB The theory of the metal-insulator transition in layered cuprates is used to explain the phenomenon of weak antiferromagnetism observed by neutron diffraction in YBCO. Since the transition is a result of appearance of carriers due to oxygen doping. their concentration can be inhomogeneous leading to patches of anti ferro magnetic and nonmagnetic metallic phases. The concentration of dopant atoms in the patches is described by a Gaussian distribution, which defines the average staggered magnetization of the substance. It is assumed that although the magnetic periodicity is defined by the location of copper atoms, and hence, is the same in all patches of a single-crystalline sample, the directions of the staggered magnetization are random. Only, when the concentration of magnetic patches reaches the percolation threshold, 1/2, the direction becomes ordered through the whole sample. Comparison with experimental data suggests that the effectiveness of the dopant, defined, as an average increase of carriers per an additional dopant atom is smaller than 1. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abrikosov@anl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUN 1 PY 2004 VL 405 IS 2 BP 93 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.02.008 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 822QD UT WOS:000221553800001 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Cho, YC Choe, SB Shin, SC AF Kim, DH Cho, YC Choe, SB Shin, SC TI Fractal analysis of time-resolved magnetic domain patterns in Co/Pd multilayer with varying number of repeats SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Organised Films (ECOF2004) CY JUL 22-25, 2004 CL Valadolid, SPAIN ID ACTIVATION VOLUMES; REVERSAL BEHAVIOR; FILMS; NANOMULTILAYERS; DEPENDENCE AB We investigate the fractal behavior of magnetic domain together with analysis of dynamic reversal behavior in Co/Pd multilayer films prepared with different number of repeats n. We utilize a novel magneto-optical microscope magnetometer technique to visualize the time-resolved domain evolution patterns in these films. Quantitative analysis of the time-resolved domain evolution patterns allows us to determine the fractal dimension D-f and the reversal ratio V/R depending on n, where V/R represents the counterbalance between the wall-motion speed V and the nucleation rate R. As n increases, domain shape becomes more ragged and complex and thus, D-f increases. Interestingly enough, the change in D-f clearly seems to be coupled to the change in V/R with varying n, which implies that the correlation between Df and V/R is mediated via the distributed defects. (C) 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Nanospin Spintron Mat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Sources, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM d.h.kim@kaist.ac.kr RI Shin, Sung-Chul/C-1992-2011; Kim, Dong-Hyun/F-7195-2012 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 241 IS 7 BP 1669 EP 1672 DI 10.1002/pssb.200304608 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 830LG UT WOS:000222123000071 ER PT J AU Armen, GB Kanter, EP Krassig, B Levin, JC Southworth, SH Young, L AF Armen, GB Kanter, EP Krassig, B Levin, JC Southworth, SH Young, L TI Spectator-electron behavior during cascade decay in krypton SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID AUGER DECAY; ATOMS; FLUORESCENCE; KR; PHOTOIONIZATION; EXCITATION; WIDTHS AB We report new measurements of Kr(q+) photo-ions, coincident with Kalpha or Kbeta fluorescence as incident-photon energy is swept through the Kr K-shell threshold. From the branching ratios just above threshold, we obtain measurements of the ion charge-state probabilities for decay from the Kr [2p] and Kr [3p] states. In the threshold region, we observe both resonant enhancement and depletion of the branching ratios. By analyzing this behavior in light of theory, we extract sticking probabilities, which we feel are a useful set of parameters for investigating the general relationship between cascade decay from resonant and nonresonant hole states. A simplified theoretical model is employed to calculate these probabilities for the Kr(2+) and Kr(3+) cases. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Armen, GB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062710 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400057 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Bishop, AR Borgonovi, F Dalvit, DAR AF Berman, GP Bishop, AR Borgonovi, F Dalvit, DAR TI Survival of quantum effects for observables after decoherence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ANHARMONIC-OSCILLATOR; NONLINEAR OSCILLATOR AB When a quantum nonlinear system is linearly coupled to an infinite bath of harmonic oscillators, quantum coherence of the system is lost on a decoherence time scale tau(D). Nevertheless, quantum effects for observables may still survive environment-induced decoherence and be observed for times much larger than the decoherence time scale. In particular, we show that the Ehrenfest time, which characterizes a departure of quantum dynamics for observables from the corresponding classical dynamics, can be observed for a quasiclassical nonlinear oscillator for times tautau(D). We discuss this observation in relation to recent experiments on quantum nonlinear systems in the quasiclassical region of parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. INFM, Unita Brescia, Brescia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062110 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400017 ER PT J AU Caldas, H AF Caldas, H TI Cold asymmetrical fermion superfluids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING QUARK MATTER; EXCHANGE FIELD; GAS; DENSITY; ATOMS AB In this work we investigate the general properties and the ground state of an asymmetrical dilute gas of cold fermionic atoms, formed by two particle species having different densities. We have shown in a recent paper, that a mixed phase composed of normal and superfluid components is the energetically favored ground state of such a cold fermionic system. Here we extend the analysis and verify that in fact, the mixed phase is the preferred ground state of an asymmetrical superfluid in various situations. We predict that the mixed phase can serve as a way of detecting superfluidity and estimating the magnitude of the gap parameter in asymmetrical fermionic systems. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rey, BR-36300000 Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil. RP Caldas, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hcaldas@ufsj.edu.br RI Caldas, Heron/H-5951-2016 OI Caldas, Heron/0000-0001-8783-7265 NR 46 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 063602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.063602 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400089 ER PT J AU Dunford, RW AF Dunford, RW TI Nonvanishing J=1 <-> 0 equal-frequency two-photon decay: E1M2 decay of the He-like 2 S-3(1) state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; RATES AB The selection rule which forbids J=1<---->0 two-photon decay when the energies of the two photons are equal is shown to apply only when the multipolarities of the two photons are the same (i.e., 2E1, 2M1, etc.) and does not generally apply to mixed multipolarity amplitudes such as E1M2. A calculation of the two-photon decay rate for He-like ions in the 2 S-3(1) state including both 2E1 and E1M2 two-photon decay amplitudes is presented. It shows a significant contribution for the case of equal-energy photons. The ratio of the E1M2 contribution to the 2E1 contribution is found to be surprisingly large. For example, it is 0.27 for two-photon decay of the 2 (3)S(1)state in He-like uranium. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dunford, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062502 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400041 ER PT J AU Haxton, DJ Zhang, ZY McCurdy, CW Rescigno, TN AF Haxton, DJ Zhang, ZY McCurdy, CW Rescigno, TN TI Complex potential surface for the B-2(1) metastable state of the water anion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; TRIATOMIC NEGATIVE-IONS; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; EXCITATION; ENERGY; H2O; PHOTODISSOCIATION; FRAGMENTATION; D2O AB The potential-energy surface corresponding to the complex resonance energy of the B-2(1) Feshbach resonance state of the water anion is constructed in its full dimensionality. Complex Kohn variational scattering calculations are used to compute the resonance width, while large-scale configuration interaction calculations are used to compute the resonance energy. Near the equilibrium geometry, an accompanying ground-state potential surface is constructed from configuration interaction calculations that treat correlation at a level similar to that used in the calculations on the anion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Haxton, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM djhaxton@lbl.gov; zyzhang@lbl.gov; cwmccurdy@lbl.gov; tnrescigno@lbl.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062713 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400060 ER PT J AU Haxton, DJ Zhang, ZY Meyer, HD Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW AF Haxton, DJ Zhang, ZY Meyer, HD Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW TI Dynamics of dissociative attachment of electrons to water through the B-2(1) metastable state of the anion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; PROPAGATING WAVEPACKETS; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; MOLECULE-SCATTERING; ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; BOOMERANG MODEL; GENERAL-ASPECTS; HARTREE METHOD; ENERGY-LEVELS AB Calculations of cross sections for dissociative attachment to water through the B-2(1) resonance state are presented using the ab initio surfaces calculated previously for the energy E-R and width Gamma of this resonance state as a function of nuclear geometry. The dynamics of the dissociative attachment process are treated in full dimensionality using the local complex potential model. For the H-+OH channel, the calculations presented here are in substantial agreement with experiment with regard to total cross section and vibrational excitation of the OH fragment. Cross sections for dissociative attachment to excited initial ro-vibrational states are presented and isotope effects are also examined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Haxton, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM djhaxton@lbl.gov; zyzhang@lbl.gov; dieter@tc.pci.uni-heidelberg.de; tnrescigno@lbl.gov; cwmccurdy@lbl.gov RI Meyer, Hans-Dieter/B-5611-2008 OI Meyer, Hans-Dieter/0000-0003-1365-0144 NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062714 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062714 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400061 ER PT J AU Morel, P Meot, V Gosselin, G Gogny, D Younes, W AF Morel, P Meot, V Gosselin, G Gogny, D Younes, W TI Evaluation of nuclear excitation by electronic transition in U-235 plasma at local thermodynamic equilibrium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-CONVERSION; STATISTICAL TREATMENT; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; HOT; DEPENDENCE; TE-125; STATE; DENSE; IONS AB A complete calculation of the nuclear excitation by electronic transition (NEET) rate of the first excited state of U-235 in a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) plasma is presented. The microscopic dynamics of the NEET probability are described allowing a clear description of the coupling between the atomic and nuclear transitions for the NEET effect. The atomic properties are estimated in the framework of a relativistic average-atom model. The statistical nature of the electronic transition spectrum is described by the mean of a Gaussian distribution around the average-atom configuration. The analysis of characteristic times occurring in the NEET probability allows one to calculate an equivalent excitation rate in a LTE U-235 plasma. In the density-temperature plane, the NEET rate is strongly structured, showing the most relevant hydrodynamic conditions for the NEET process. The number of U-235 nuclei, excited up to the 76.8 eV isomeric level in a high-intensity laser shot, has also been estimated. C1 Commissariat Energie Atom, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Morel, P (reprint author), Commissariat Energie Atom, Serv Phys Nucl, Boite Postale 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 063414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.063414 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400085 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY Vanroose, W McCurdy, CW Orel, AE Rescigno, TN AF Zhang, ZY Vanroose, W McCurdy, CW Orel, AE Rescigno, TN TI Low-energy electron scattering of NO: Ab initio analysis of the (3)Sigma(-), (1)Delta, and (1)Sigma(+) shape resonances in the local complex potential model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMS; COLLISIONS; AFFINITY; IMPACT; WIDTHS AB We present an ab initio study of elastic scattering and vibrational excitation of NO by low-energy (0-2.0 eV) electron impact. The low-energy scattering cross sections are dominated by shape resonance contributions associated with the (3)Sigma(-), (1)Delta, and (1)Sigma(+) states of NO-. Resonance parameters for the three anion states were extracted from an analysis of fixed-nuclei variational (complex Kohn) calculations that employed elaborate trial wave functions. Independent estimates of the resonance parameters were obtained by analytically continuing the results of large-scale coupled-cluster calculations into the plane of complex momentum. The local complex potential model was used to calculate vibrational excitation cross sections, as well as the resonant portion of the vibrationally elastic cross sections. These results were combined with background contributions from the fixed-nuclei calculations to compute elastic and grand total cross sections. Our results capture the essential features of recent measurements of the cross sections, but suggest the need at lower energies for a more sophisticated, nonlocal treatment of nuclear dynamics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 6 AR 062711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.69.062711 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 835GT UT WOS:000222471400058 ER PT J AU Ahilan, K Bennett, MC Aronson, MC Anderson, NE Canfield, PC Munoz-Sandoval, E Gortenmulder, T Hendrikx, R Mydosh, JA AF Ahilan, K Bennett, MC Aronson, MC Anderson, NE Canfield, PC Munoz-Sandoval, E Gortenmulder, T Hendrikx, R Mydosh, JA TI Magnetotransport in single-crystal half-Heusler compounds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FERMI-LEVEL; MAGNETORESISTANCE; GAP; ZRNISN; TINISN; SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRON AB We present the results of electrical resistivity and Hall effect measurements on single crystals of HfNiSn, TiPtSn, and TiNiSn. Semiconducting behavior is observed in each case, involving the transport of a small number of highly compensated carriers. Magnetization measurements suggest that impurities and site disorder create both localized magnetic moments and extended paramagnetic states, with the susceptibility of the latter increasing strongly with reduced temperature. The magnetoresistance is sublinear or linear in fields ranging from 0.01-9 T at the lowest temperatures. As the temperature increases, the normal quadratic magnetoresistance is regained, initially at low fields, and at the highest temperatures extending over the complete range of fields. The origin of the vanishingly small field scale implied by these measurements remains unknown, presenting a challenge to existing classical and quantum mechanical theories of magnetoresistance. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. IPICyT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78231, Mexico. Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, Dresden, Germany. RP Ahilan, K (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Munoz-Sandoval, Emilio/N-1059-2014 OI Munoz-Sandoval, Emilio/0000-0002-6095-4119 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 24 AR 245116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.245116 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836CC UT WOS:000222531800031 ER PT J AU Aristov, VY Soukiassian, P Catellani, A Di Felice, R Galli, G AF Aristov, VY Soukiassian, P Catellani, A Di Felice, R Galli, G TI Experimental and theoretical electronic structure determination of the beta-SiC(001)c(4x2) surface reconstruction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ASYMMETRIC-DIMER RECONSTRUCTION; ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; CUBIC SIC(001) SURFACES; CARBIDE 100 SURFACES; C(4 X-2) SURFACE; SI ATOMIC LINES; BETA-SIC(100) SURFACE; SILICON-CARBIDE; DIFFRACTION AB We study the electronic band structure of the beta-SiC(001)c(4x2) surface reconstruction by combined angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy experiments and first principles electronic structure calculations. The experimental and theoretical dispersion curves are found to be in good agreement. Four occupied electronic surface states are found along the two high symmetry directions ((Gamma) over bar-(J) over bar and (Gamma) over bar-(Y) over bar-(J') over bar) of the surface Brillouin zone. The surface state located around approximate to1.5 eV below the Fermi level displays a strong dispersion along the (Gamma) over bar-(J) over bar direction and a weak dispersion along (Gamma) over bar-(Y') over bar-(J') over bar. A weak coupling is found between up- and down-dimers belonging to two different adjacent dimer rows. The electronic structure is discussed in the context of the available real-space models for the c(4x2) reconstruction. The experimental band structure is inconsistent with a model of missing rows of asymmetric dimers (MRAD) while in reasonable agreement with the alternately up- and down-dimer (AUDD) model of the beta-SiC(001)c(4x2) surface reconstruction. C1 Univ Paris 11, Commissariat Energie Atom, Lab SIMA, DSM,DRECAM,SPCSI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CNR, MASPEC, I-43010 Parma, Italy. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ Paris 11, Commissariat Energie Atom, Lab SIMA, DSM,DRECAM,SPCSI, Batiment 462, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RI Aristov, Victor/H-6995-2016 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 24 AR 245326 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.245326 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836CC UT WOS:000222531800071 ER PT J AU Bang, Y Balatsky, AV AF Bang, Y Balatsky, AV TI Anomalous specific-heat jump in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE AB We studied the anomalously large specific-heat jump and its systematic change with pressure in the CeCoIn5 superconductor. Starting with a general free-energy functional of a coupled electron-boson system, we derived an analytic result of the specific-heat jump of the strong-coupling superconductor occurring in the coupled electron-boson system. Then using the spin-fermion model, we calculated the specific-heat coefficient C(T)/T both for the normal and superconducting states and showed a good agreement with the experiments on CeCoIn5. Our result also demonstrated that the specific-heat coefficient C(T)/T of a coupled electron-boson system can be freely interpreted as a renormalization either of the electronic or of the bosonic degrees of freedom. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 212504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.212504 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200026 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI AF Berman, GP Gorshkov, VN Tsifrinovich, VI TI Reduction of magnetic noise in magnetic resonance force microscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN RELAXATION AB We study the opportunity to reduce a magnetic noise produced by a uniform cantilever with a ferromagnetic particle in magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) applications. We demonstrate theoretically a significant reduction of magnetic noise and the corresponding increase of the MRFM relaxation time using a nonuniform cantilever. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/J-3329-2015 OI Gorshkov, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-7700-5649 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 212408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.212408 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200016 ER PT J AU Bordallo, HN Chapon, L Manson, JL Hernandez-Velasco, J Ravot, D Reiff, WM Argyriou, DN AF Bordallo, HN Chapon, L Manson, JL Hernandez-Velasco, J Ravot, D Reiff, WM Argyriou, DN TI S=1/2 Ising behavior in the two-dimensional molecular magnet Fe(NCS)(2)(pyrazine)(2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; SPIN-WAVE ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE; PYRAZINE; MAGNETIZATION; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE; POLYMER; K2MNF4 AB The magnetic ordering and critical behavior of antiferromagnetic Fe(NCS)(2)(pyrazine)(2) has been studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD), inelastic neutron scattering (INS), Mossbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The system can be regarded as a two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnet even in the ordered phase, given that long-range magnetic ordering between the layers simply follows a necessary consequence of the establishment of long-range ordering within the planes. The INS data, which were taken on a cold neutron time-of-flight spectrometer, reveals that when the temperature is lowered towards T-N, the correlation length within the 2D layers increases and ultimately crosses over from two- to three-dimensional (3D) behavior. Indeed, 3D long-range antiferromagnetic order, associated with a propagation vector [1,0,1/4+epsilon], is observed in the NPD data below 6.8 K. Furthermore, in agreement with the behavior of both chi(T) and C-m(T) data, the order parameter follows the exact Osanger solution for a 2D S=1/2, Ising system. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Physicochim Mat Condensee, CNRS, UMR 5617, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM bordallo@hmi.de; L.C.Chapon@rl.ac.uk RI Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012 OI Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 22 AR 224405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.224405 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BU UT WOS:000222530900048 ER PT J AU Gao, F Weber, WJ AF Gao, F Weber, WJ TI Mechanical properties and elastic constants due to damage accumulation and amorphization in SiC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; ION; SIMULATION; IRRADIATION; INSTABILITY; CERAMICS; CASCADE; RAMAN AB Damage accumulation due to cascade overlap, which was simulated previously, has been used to study the changes in elastic constants and the bulk and elastic moduli as a function of dose in SiC. These mechanical properties generally decrease with increasing dose, and the rapid decrease at low-dose levels indicates that point defects and small clusters play a more important role in the change in elastic constants than the topological disorder. The internal strain relaxations, which have no effect on the elastic constants, C-11 and C-12, in a perfect SiC crystal, have a significant influence on the elastic constants calculated in damaged SiC. The elastic constants, C-11, C-12, and C-44, in the cascade-amorphized (CA) SiC decrease about 19%, 29%, and 46%, respectively. The bulk modulus decreases 23%, and the elastic modulus decreases 29%, which is consistent with experimental results. The stability of both the perfect SiC and CA-SiC under hydrostatic tension has been also investigated. The mechanical properties in the CA-SiC exhibit behavior similar to that in perfect SiC, but the critical stress at which the CA-SiC becomes structurally unstable is one order of magnitude smaller than that for perfect SiC. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-93,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 36 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 22 AR 224108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.224108 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BU UT WOS:000222530900029 ER PT J AU Gao, F Weber, WJ Posselt, M Belko, V AF Gao, F Weber, WJ Posselt, M Belko, V TI Atomistic study of intrinsic defect migration in 3C-SiC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; RECOVERY; IMPLANTATION; ACCUMULATION; DIFFUSION AB Atomic-scale computer simulations, both molecular dynamics (MD) and the nudged-elastic band methods, have been applied to investigate long-range migration of point defects in cubic SiC (3C-SiC) over the temperature range from 0.36T(m) to 0.95T(m) (melting temperature). The point defect diffusivities, activation energies, and defect correlation factors have been obtained. Stable C split interstitials can migrate via the first- or second-nearest-neighbor sites, but the relative probability for the latter mechanism is very low. Si interstitials migrate directly from one tetrahedral position to another neighboring equivalent position by a kick-in/kick-out process via a split-interstitial configuration. Both C and Si vacancies jump to one of their equivalent sites through a direct migration mechanism. The migration barriers obtained for C and Si interstitials are consistent with the activation energies observed experimentally for two distinct recovery stages in irradiated SiC. Also, energy barriers for C interstitial and vacancy diffusion are in reasonable agreement with ab initio data. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Rossendorf Inc, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Belarus State Univ, Dept Math Phys, Minsk 220050, Byelarus. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 22 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 31 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 24 AR 245205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.245205 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836CC UT WOS:000222531800043 ER PT J AU Harrison, WA AF Harrison, WA TI Theory of the thermal properties of delta-plutonium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The thermal properties of delta-plutonium are studied in terms of the elementary electronic structure, and contrasted to those of aluminum. In both metals the thermal expansion can be understood as from the pressure of the gas of phonons, a negative expansion in the case of plutonium because of negative Gruneisen constants for some transverse modes. Thermal expansion in aluminum is found positive, in agreement with experiments. This phonon gas also has a bulk modulus, negative for plutonium, which dominates the observed negative temperature dependence of the bulk modulus for plutonium, with a smaller negative contribution arising from the thermal expansion (in contrast to contraction for pure plutonium) of the alloys on which it is measured. For aluminum, the phonon-gas contribution is negligible and thermal expansion causes the bulk modulus to decrease with temperature, as in experiments. The Debye-Waller temperature, another measure of rigidity, contains a small positive contribution to the temperature dependence from thermal expansion in plutonium and a negative contribution in aluminum. There is also a much larger negative contribution to the temperature dependence of the Debye-Waller temperature in both (in accordance with experiments for plutonium) arising from anharmonicity of some transverse modes. The nearest-neighbor, central-force interactions used here inevitably lead to sizable errors in some elastic constants, and replacement of Brillouin-zone averages by averages along the [100] and [111] directions is very questionable for some properties. However, the simplification is major and the results appear to reveal which contributions are important. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harrison, WA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 22 AR 224109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.224109 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BU UT WOS:000222530900030 ER PT J AU He, RH Feng, DL Eisaki, H Shimoyama, JI Kishio, K Gu, GD AF He, RH Feng, DL Eisaki, H Shimoyama, JI Kishio, K Gu, GD TI Superconducting order parameter in heavily overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta: A global quantitative analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; ANISOTROPY; LIQUID; GAP; HE AB A systematic analysis of the complex photoemmision spectrum line shape at (pi,0) of heavily overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta is presented. We show that a coherent component in the quasiparticle excitation is correlated with the superfluid density throughout the entire doping range and suggest it is a direct measure of the order parameter of high temperature superconductors. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Appl Surface Phys State Key Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Fudan Univ, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. AIST, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP He, RH (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Appl Surface Phys State Key Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM dlfeng@fudan.edu.cn RI He, Ruihua/A-6975-2010 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 22 AR 220502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.220502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BU UT WOS:000222530900017 ER PT J AU Juhas, P Grinberg, I Rappe, AM Dmowski, W Egami, T Davies, PK AF Juhas, P Grinberg, I Rappe, AM Dmowski, W Egami, T Davies, PK TI Correlations between the structure and dielectric properties of Pb(Sc-2/3(1/3)3(3)W()O)-Pb(Ti/Zr)O relaxors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; CHEMICAL ORDER; DISORDER; FERROELECTRICS; PEROVSKITES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB Solid solutions of (1-x)Pb(Sc2/3W1/3)O-3-(x)PbTiO3 and (1-x)Pb(Sc2/3W1/3)O-3-(x)PbZrO3 (PSW-PT and PSW-PZ) show remarkably different dielectric responses. Even though PT has a much higher Curie temperature (490 degreesC) than PZ (230 degreesC), addition of Ti up to xapproximate to0.25 decreases T-epsilon,T-max - in contrast to the increase of T-epsilon,T-max for the substitution of PZ. Concentrations of Ti with x>0.25 lead to a strong increase in T-epsilon,T-max. The structural origins of this behavior were studied by x-ray and neutron diffraction, pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For x<0.25 the B cations form a 1:1 ordered doubled perovskite structure (space group Fm (3) over barm) in agreement with the "random site model," where the ordered structure consists of one B sublattice occupied by Sc and the other by a random mixture of the remaining cations. The B site order is reduced by incorporation of Zr, but highly stabilized by Ti with the degree of order in excess of 95% for xless than or equal to0.25. The results of PDF analysis and DFT calculations show that locally the atoms are significantly displaced from their average lattice positions and that T-epsilon,T-max is strongly correlated with the cation displacements. The initial anomalous decrease of T-epsilon,T-max in PSW-PT is due to the suppression of ferroelectricity by a decrease in the perovskite volume and is related to reduced Pb displacements. For x<0.25 the contribution to ferroelectric polarization from Ti and W are restricted because of the high B-site ordering. However, as the order is reduced for x>0.25, the active Ti and W cations couple their displacements and dominate the dielectric response, driving T-epsilon,T-max up. For PZ substitution, the lack of ordering leads to nearly linear growth of T-epsilon,T-max corresponding to a uniform increase in Pb and B-cation displacements. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Makineni Theoret Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Juhas, P (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM juhas@pa.msu.edu; davies@lrsm.upenn.edu RI Juhas, Pavol/A-6544-2008 OI Juhas, Pavol/0000-0001-8751-4458 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 214101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.214101 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200033 ER PT J AU Kaminski, A Rosenkranz, S Fretwell, HM Mesot, J Randeria, M Campuzano, JC Norman, MR Li, ZZ Raffy, H Sato, T Takahashi, T Kadowaki, K AF Kaminski, A Rosenkranz, S Fretwell, HM Mesot, J Randeria, M Campuzano, JC Norman, MR Li, ZZ Raffy, H Sato, T Takahashi, T Kadowaki, K TI Identifying the background signal in angle-resolved photoemission spectra of high-temperature cuprate superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LINESHAPE; BEHAVIOR AB One of the interesting features of the photoemission spectra of the high temperature cuprate superconductors is the presence of a large signal (referred to as the "background") in the unoccupied region of the Brillouin zone. Here we present data indicating that the background signal is a component of the photocurrent that is separate from the spectral function and is most likely due to strong scattering of the photoelectrons. We also present an analytical method that can be used to subtract the background signal. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. PSI Villigen, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba 3053573, Japan. RP Kaminski, A (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RI Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Sato, Takafumi/E-5094-2010; Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 212509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.212509 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200031 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO van Buuren, T Baumann, TF Satcher, JH Willey, TM Meulenberg, RW Felter, TE Poco, JF Gammon, SA Terminello, LJ AF Kucheyev, SO van Buuren, T Baumann, TF Satcher, JH Willey, TM Meulenberg, RW Felter, TE Poco, JF Gammon, SA Terminello, LJ TI Electronic structure of titania aerogels from soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RUTILE TIO2; ENERGY-LOSS; DIOXIDE; SPECTRA; OXIDES; TIO2(001); TIO2(110); ANATASE; EDGES; PURE AB The electronic structure of TiO2 aerogels is studied by soft x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. High-resolution O K-edge and Ti L-2,L-3-edge XANES spectra of aerogels are compared with those of rutile, anatase, and unrelaxed amorphous phases of full-density TiO2. Results show that all the main spectroscopic features of aerogels, reflecting the element-specific partial density of empty electronic states and correlation effects, can be attributed to the absence of long-range order in stoichiometric amorphous TiO2. Based on these results, we discuss the effects of short- and long-range order on the electronic structure of TiO2. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kucheyev1@llnl.gov RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011 OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830 NR 36 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 24 AR 245102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.245102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836CC UT WOS:000222531800017 ER PT J AU Li, AP Flack, F Lagally, MG Chisholm, MF Yoo, K Zhang, ZY Weitering, HH Wendelken, JF AF Li, AP Flack, F Lagally, MG Chisholm, MF Yoo, K Zhang, ZY Weitering, HH Wendelken, JF TI Photoluminescence and local structure of Ge nanoclusters on Si without a wetting layer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ISLAND FORMATION; QUANTUM DOTS; HUT CLUSTERS; GROWTH; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; SI(001); NANOSTRUCTURES; LUMINESCENCE; FILMS AB Photoluminescence (PL) originating from single layers of Ge nanoclusters grown on Si(100) via a buffer layer-assisted growth method is investigated. The nanoclusters are characterized by the absence of a wetting layer. They are quasi-zero-dimensional with tunable sizes and exhibit a high cluster density compared to Ge nanoclusters that are formed from the standard Stranski-Krastanov growth. Samples with different cluster sizes show strong and sharp PL in the near infrared. The excitation power and temperature dependencies of PL spectra indicate that the optical transitions are bound-to-bound in nature, suggesting that defects rather than the band structures are associated with the luminescence centers. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that these nanoclusters are amorphous, which could explain the strong defect-related emission. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Li, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012 OI Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 24 AR 245310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.245310 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836CC UT WOS:000222531800055 ER PT J AU Mazevet, S Blottiau, P Kress, JD Collins, LA AF Mazevet, S Blottiau, P Kress, JD Collins, LA TI Quantum molecular dynamics simulations of shocked nitrogen oxide SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; WAVE BASIS-SET; LIQUID DEUTERIUM; PHASE-TRANSITION; FLUID NITROGEN; OXYGEN; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; HUGONIOT AB Using quantum molecular dynamics, we study the dissociation of nitrogen oxide along the principal and reshocked Hugoniots. We obtain good agreement with available experimental data for the first and highest second-shock Hugoniots. Reminiscent of the experimental and theoretical findings for shocked liquid nitrogen, the calculation indicates little temperature variation along the second shock as the fluid dissociates. The analysis of the concentration of molecular species along both Hugoniots indicates, as expected, that for low final shock densities molecular nitrogen is forming when nitrogen oxide dissociates. In contrast to basic assumptions used for high pressure modeling of nitrogen oxide, we find, however, that oxygen mostly stays in an atomic state for the whole density-temperature range studied. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA, DIF, Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 22 AR 224207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.224207 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BU UT WOS:000222530900039 ER PT J AU Morris, GD Heffner, RH Moreno, NO Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Dunsiger, SR Nieuwenhuys, GJ MacLaughlin, DE Bernal, OO AF Morris, GD Heffner, RH Moreno, NO Pagliuso, PG Sarrao, JL Dunsiger, SR Nieuwenhuys, GJ MacLaughlin, DE Bernal, OO TI Random spin freezing in Ce2MIn8 (M=Co,Rh,Ir) heavy-fermion materials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ZERO-FIELD; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; RELAXATION; CEIRIN5; CECOIN5; CERHIN5; CEIN3 AB Previous specific heat and resistivity measurements have established a preliminary phase diagram for the evolution of magnetic order in heavy-fermion materials Ce2MxIr1-xIn8, M=Co, Rh; a possible quantum critical point (QCP) was postulated for Ce2IrIn8. Zero-field muon spin relaxation studies in Ce2RhIn8 find very rapidly damped oscillations below the Neel temperature T-N=2.8 K, indicating a broad field distribution consistent with the presence of an incommensurate magnetic structure. In Ce2IrIn8, and in samples in which several percent of Ir is substituted by Co or Rh, muon spin relaxation spectra reveal the onset of a Lorentzian field distribution, with zero mean, characteristic of disordered spin freezing. The onset temperature for this freezing depends on composition; it is smallest, but still nonzero, in Ce2IrIn8, ruling out a QCP. The evolution of magnetism in the temperature-composition phase diagram indicates that the type of magnetic ordering depends systematically on the degree of Ce-M hybridization and the local Ce environment. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Morris, GD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 214415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.214415 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200064 ER PT J AU O'Connell, MJ Sivaram, S Doorn, SK AF O'Connell, MJ Sivaram, S Doorn, SK TI Near-infrared resonance Raman excitation profile studies of single-walled carbon nanotube intertube interactions: A direct comparison of bundled and individually dispersed HiPco nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; CHIRALITY DEPENDENCE; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; BROKEN SYMMETRY; ROPES; SCATTERING; SEPARATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSISTORS AB Complete Raman excitation profiles for single-walled carbon nanotube radial breathing modes were obtained for bundled HiPco carbon nanotube samples in the region from 700 to 985 nm excitation. Results are compared to similar profiles generated from individual carbon nanotubes dispersed in aqueous solution, allowing a direct determination of intertube interaction effects on electronic properties for 12 specific semiconducting nanotube chiralities. Redshifts in the excitation profiles (ranging from 54 to 157 meV) are observed on going from isolated individual to bundled nanotubes. Additionally, bundling is found to broaden the electronic transitions by an average factor of 2.4 compared to individualized nanotube bandwidths. These results compare well with recent theoretical predictions for bundling effects. An investigation of bundling effects on radial breathing mode frequencies for 17 different nanotube chiralities finds no evidence for significant perturbation of these frequencies resulting from intertube interactions. Our results demonstrate that previously reported radial breathing mode frequency shifts are apparent shifts only, resulting from redshifting of the resonant electronic transitions for bundled nanotubes. Bundle inhomogeneity, packing efficiency, orientational disorder, and symmetry reduction are indicated as important factors in determining the degree of intertube interaction. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CACS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Doorn, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, CACS, MS-J563, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skdoorn@lanl.gov NR 64 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 23 AR 235415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.235415 PG 15 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BZ UT WOS:000222531400100 ER PT J AU Papadopolos, Z Pleasants, P Kasner, G Fournee, V Jenks, CJ Ledieu, J McGrath, R AF Papadopolos, Z Pleasants, P Kasner, G Fournee, V Jenks, CJ Ledieu, J McGrath, R TI Maximum density rule for bulk terminations of quasicrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; AL-PD-MN; SURFACE; ALPDMN; SHAPE; LEED AB Bravais' rule, of wide validity for crystals, states that their surfaces correspond to the densest planes of atoms in the bulk. Comparing a theoretical model of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn with experimental results on sputter-annealed surfaces, we find that this correspondence breaks down, i.e., the surfaces parallel to the densest planes in the model are not necessarily the most stable bulk terminations. The correspondence is restored by recognizing that there is a contribution to the surface not just from a single geometrical plane but from a layer of stacked atoms, possibly containing more than one plane. We find that not only does the stability of high-symmetry surfaces match the density of the corresponding layerlike bulk terminations but the exact spacings between surface terraces can be determined and the typical area of the terraces can be estimated by a simple analysis of the density of layers predicted by the bulk geometric model. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Queensland, Dept Math, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, PSF 4120, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. Ecole Mines, LSG2M, CNRS, UMR 7584, F-54042 Nancy, France. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Univ Tubingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. EM zorka.papadopolos@uni-tuebingen.de RI McGrath, Ronan/A-1568-2009; Ledieu, Julian/F-1430-2010 OI McGrath, Ronan/0000-0002-9880-5741; NR 24 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 22 AR 224201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.224201 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BU UT WOS:000222530900033 ER PT J AU Patterson, JR Aracne, CM Jackson, DD Malba, V Weir, ST Baker, PA Vohra, YK AF Patterson, JR Aracne, CM Jackson, DD Malba, V Weir, ST Baker, PA Vohra, YK TI Pressure-induced metallization of the Mott insulator MnO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND ANVILS; TRANSITION; COLLAPSE; GPA; STATE AB High-pressure electrical conductivity experiments have been performed on the Mott insulator MnO to a maximum pressure of 106 GPa. We observe a steady decrease in resistivity to 90 GPa, followed by a large, rapid decrease by a factor of 10(5) between 90 and 106 GPa. Temperature cycling the sample at 87 and 106 GPa shows insulating and metallic behavior at these pressures, respectively. Our observations provide strong evidence for a pressure-induced insulator-to-metal transition beginning at 90 GPa. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35124 USA. RP Patterson, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012; OI Baker, Paul/0000-0002-2875-2760 NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 22 AR 220101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.220101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BU UT WOS:000222530900001 ER PT J AU Pena, V Sefrioui, Z Arias, D Leon, C Santamaria, J Varela, M Pennycook, SJ Martinez, JL AF Pena, V Sefrioui, Z Arias, D Leon, C Santamaria, J Varela, M Pennycook, SJ Martinez, JL TI Coupling of superconductors through a half-metallic ferromagnet: Evidence for a long-range proximity effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID JUNCTIONS; MULTILAYERS; SUPERLATTICES; TRANSPORT; COEXISTENCE; INTERFACE; LAYERS AB Here we examine the ferromagnetic/superconducting proximity effect in half-metallic ferromagnetic La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and high- T-c superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 artificial structures. We have found experimental evidence for the coupling between superconducting layers through ferromagnetic spacers in superlattices. This is consistent with a long-range proximity effect in half-metal ferromagnet/ d-wave superconductor structures. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC Dept Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CSIC, ICMM, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Univ Complutense Madrid, GFMC Dept Fis Aplicada 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Martinez, Jose/B-5371-2013; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Martinez, Jose/0000-0001-9046-8237; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339 NR 33 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 22 AR 224502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.224502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BU UT WOS:000222530900064 ER PT J AU Pintschovius, L Reznik, D Reichardt, W Endoh, Y Hiraka, H Tranquada, JM Uchiyama, H Masui, T Tajima, S AF Pintschovius, L Reznik, D Reichardt, W Endoh, Y Hiraka, H Tranquada, JM Uchiyama, H Masui, T Tajima, S TI Oxygen phonon branches in YBa2Cu3O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; T-J MODEL; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; LA2CUO4; DISPERSION; VIBRATIONS; MAGNETISM; ANOMALIES AB We report results of inelastic neutron scattering measurements of phonon dispersions in optimally doped YBa2Cu3O6.95 and compare them with model calculations. The focus is on the in-plane oxygen bond-stretching phonon branches. The study of these modes is complicated by anticrossings with c-axis-polarized branches; such effects are interpreted through lattice-dynamical shell-model calculations. The in-plane anisotropy of the bond-stretching phonons was firmly ascertained from measurements on a detwinned sample. Studying not only the in-plane modes involving in-phase motion for the two Cu-O layers within a unit cell but also those with opposite-phase motion was of great help for establishing a clear experimental picture. The measurements confirm that the in-plane oxygen bond-stretching phonon branches disperse steeply downwards from the zone center in both the a and the b directions indicating a strong electron-phonon coupling. For the b-axis-polarized bond-stretching phonons, there is an additional feature of considerable interest: a sharp local frequency minimum was found to develop on cooling from room temperature to T=10 K at wave vector qapproximate to0.27 r.l.u. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. ISTEC, Superconduct Res Lab, Koutu Ku, Tokyo 1350062, Japan. CE Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Festkorperphys, POB 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 31 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 214506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.214506 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200089 ER PT J AU Pistolesi, F AF Pistolesi, F TI Full counting statistics of a charge shuttle SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COULOMB-BLOCKADE NANOSTRUCTURES; SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; INSTABILITY; NOISE AB We study the charge transfer in a small grain oscillating between two leads. Coulomb blockade restricts the charge fluctuations in such a way that only zero or one additional electrons can sit on the grain. The system thus acts as a charge shuttle. We obtain the full counting statistics of charge transfer and discuss its behavior. For large oscillation amplitude the probability of transferring n electrons per cycle is strongly peaked around one. The peak is asymmetric since its form is controlled by different parameters for n>1 and n<1. Under certain conditions the systems behaves as if the effective charge is 1/2 of the elementary one. Knowledge of the counting statistics gives a new insight on the mechanism of charge transfer. C1 UJF, CNRS, Lab Phys & Modelisat Milieux Condenses, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pistolesi, F (reprint author), UJF, CNRS, Lab Phys & Modelisat Milieux Condenses, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RI Pistolesi, Fabio/A-7537-2012 NR 30 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 24 AR 245409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.245409 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836CC UT WOS:000222531800081 ER PT J AU Ramchal, R Schmid, AK Farle, M Poppa, H AF Ramchal, R Schmid, AK Farle, M Poppa, H TI Spiral-like continuous spin-reorientation transition of Fe/Ni bilayers on Cu(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN FILMS; NI-FILMS; MAGNETIC PHASES; TEMPERATURE; CU(001); FE; NI/CU(001); THICKNESS; ORDER AB The magnetic domain microstructure of 0 to 3 monolayers (ML) of Fe on 7.2 and 11 ML Ni/Cu(100) films was studied by spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy at 300 K. The 11 ML Ni layers showed perpendicular oriented stripe domains of some micrometers in width parallel to the atomic step edges of the Cu(100) substrate, whereas the magnetization of the 7.2 ML Ni film was in a canted state. For both Ni layers, perpendicular oriented domains are stabilized upon Fe deposition up to 2.5 ML Fe without changing the original Ni domain pattern significantly. Between 2.5 and 2.9 ML the domains break up into smaller stripe domains, and the magnetization of the coupled Fe/Ni bilayer continuously rotates within the oppositely oriented magnetic stripe domains into the film plane by an in-plane 74degrees spiral-like motion. At 2.9 ML Fe large (10 mum) in-plane magnetic domains appear. From the critical Fe thickness of 2.7+/-0.2 ML we find that the Fe/Ni interface magnetic anisotropy is K-2,Ni-Fe(S)=-93 mueV/atom favoring an in-plane easy axis. C1 Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NCEM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ramchal, R (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Inst Phys, Lotharstr 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. OI Farle, Michael/0000-0002-1864-3261 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 214401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.214401 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200050 ER PT J AU Ren, SF Cheng, W Yu, PY AF Ren, SF Cheng, W Yu, PY TI Microscopic investigation of phonon modes in SiGe alloy nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY RAMAN-SCATTERING; LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; QUANTUM DOTS; CONFINEMENT; CRYSTALS; SIZE AB Phonon modes in spherical silicon germanium alloy (SiGe) nanocrystals containing up to 1147 atoms (3.6 nm) have been investigated as a function of the Si concentration. Microscopic details of phonon modes, including phonon frequencies and vibrational amplitudes, phonon density-of-states are calculated directly from the dynamic matrices. In particular, the dependence of phonon frequency on the configuration (such as a different ratio of Si to Ge atoms), and location (surface or interior) of clusters of atoms in SiGe alloy nanocrystals have been investigated. Low frequency surface phonons that are related to the spheroidal and torsional modes of a continuum sphere are identified and their frequency dependence on alloy concentration elucidated. The calculated results are compared with measured Raman spectra in bulk, thin films, and superlattices of SiGe alloy reported in the literature. Insights into the behavior of Raman peaks usually identified as Ge-Ge, Si-Si, and Ge-Si optical phonon modes are presented. C1 Illinois State Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, IL 61790 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Low Energy Nucl Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ren, SF (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Phys, Normal, IL 61790 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 23 AR 235327 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.235327 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BZ UT WOS:000222531400080 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, FJ Cohen, ML AF Ribeiro, FJ Cohen, ML TI Possible superconductivity in hole-doped BC3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRONG-COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; MGB2; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB In this work the superconducting transition temperature of hole-doped BC3 was studied. The total energy, phonon frequencies, and electron-phonon couplings were calculated for different hole doping levels using the ab initio pseudopotential method within the local density approximation. The harmonic and anharmonic phonon frequencies were calculated by using the frozen-phonon approximation. As in MgB2, the electron-phonon coupling between the electronic states in the sigma bands and phonon modes associated with bond stretching was found to be very strong. The calculation predicts that the superconducting temperature will increase as a function of doping level. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ribeiro, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Ribeiro, Filipe/0000-0003-3843-7702 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 212507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.212507 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200029 ER PT J AU Shpyrko, O Fukuto, M Pershan, P Ocko, B Kuzmenko, I Gog, T Deutsch, M AF Shpyrko, O Fukuto, M Pershan, P Ocko, B Kuzmenko, I Gog, T Deutsch, M TI Surface layering of liquids: The role of surface tension SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; VAPOR DENSITY PROFILE; CAPILLARY WAVES; INTERFACE; METALS; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; ROUGHNESS; ALLOY; GA AB Recent measurements show that the free surfaces of liquid metals and alloys are always layered, regardless of composition and surface tension; a result supported by three decades of simulations and theory. Recent theoretical work claims, however, that at low enough temperatures the free surfaces of all liquids should become layered, unless preempted by bulk freezing. Using x-ray reflectivity and diffuse scattering measurements we show that there is no observable surface-induced layering in water at T=298 K, thus highlighting a fundamental difference between dielectric and metallic liquids. The implications of this result for the question in the title are discussed. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CMCCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. RP Shpyrko, O (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Shpyrko, Oleg/J-3970-2012 NR 40 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 24 AR 245423 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.245423 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836CC UT WOS:000222531800095 ER PT J AU Springborg, M Albers, RC AF Springborg, M Albers, RC TI Charge and dimensionality effects on the properties of CaNiN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC POPULATION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR WAVE FUNCTIONS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; HELICAL POLYMERS; ENERGY; GAS; NI AB Results of first-principles, density-functional, full-potential calculations on crystalline CaNiN and on single chains of NiN and CaNiN are presented. For crystalline CaNiN and single NiN chains we optimized the structural parameters. The role of dimensionality and charge transfer on the electronic structure is investigated by considering various related hypothetical crystalline structures of CaNiN where we have systematically turned off different interactions. This is achieved by expanding the lattice in different directions and/or rotating the layers of the NiN chains as well as considering structures where the Ca atoms have been removed. This is an unusual study of the dimensionality and charge effects in a crystalline compound and, although it is particularly well suited for CaNiN, it could also be applied to other quasi-low-dimensional materials like high-T-c superconductors and quasi-one-dimensional spin-density materials. Finally, we explore the magnetic properties of pure CaNiN. C1 Univ Saarland, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Saarland, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. EM m.springborg@mx.uni-saarland.de; rca@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 23 AR 235115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.235115 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BZ UT WOS:000222531400045 ER PT J AU Toft, KN Abrahamsen, AB Eskildsen, MR Lefmann, K Andersen, NH Vorderwisch, P Smeibidl, P Meissner, M Canfield, PC AF Toft, KN Abrahamsen, AB Eskildsen, MR Lefmann, K Andersen, NH Vorderwisch, P Smeibidl, P Meissner, M Canfield, PC TI Neutron diffraction study of anomalous high-field magnetic phases in TmNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL TMNI2B2C; SUPERCONDUCTING STATE; HEAVY-FERMION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR; HONI2B2C; ERNI2B2C; YBNI2B2C; ORDER AB We present a (B,T)-phase diagram of the magnetic superconductor TmNi2B2C obtained by neutron scattering. The measurements were performed in magnetic fields up to 6 T applied along the crystalline a axis. The observed phases are characterized by three ordering vectors, Q(F)=(0.094,0.094,0),Q(AI)=(0.483,0,0), and Q(AII)=(0.496,0,0), all with the magnetic moment along the c axis. In zero and low fields the Tm 4f-moments order in a long wavelength transverse spin density wave with Q=Q(F). The magnetic Q(AI) structure is stabilized by an applied field of 1 T and a transition to Q(AII) is observed at 4 T. For both transitions there is a broad temperature and field range of overlap between the different states. Surprisingly, we observe that the Q(A) phases persist to increasingly higher temperatures when the field is increased. Doping with Yb has been introduced to partly suppress superconductivity. In (Tm0.90Yb0.10)Ni2B2C the Q(F)-->Q(AI) phase transition is also observed but at a larger transition field compared to the undoped compound. In (Tm0.85Yb0.15)Ni2B2C the Q(F) phase persists up to at least 1.8 T. The magnetic correlation length of the Q(AI) phase in TmNi2B2C measured parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field, is constant within 10% at all fields and temperatures. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Berlin Neutron Scattering Ctr, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Toft, KN (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RI Eskildsen, Morten/E-7779-2011; Andersen, Niels/A-3872-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Lefmann, Kim/M-9228-2014 OI Lefmann, Kim/0000-0003-4282-756X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 AR 214507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.214507 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 836BO UT WOS:000222530200090 ER EF