FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Thomson, T Toney, MF Raoux, S Lee, SL Sun, S Murray, CB Terris, BD AF Thomson, T Toney, MF Raoux, S Lee, SL Sun, S Murray, CB Terris, BD TI Structural and magnetic model of self-assembled FePt nanoparticle arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPY; MEDIA; FIELD AB Chemically ordered, self-assembled FePt nanoparticle arrays with high magnetic anisotropy are considered as a candidate medium for data storage beyond 1 Tbit/in2. We report comprehensive structural and magnetic studies on thin (three-layer) assemblies of polyethylenimine (PEI) and 4 nm Fe(58)Pt(42) nanoparticles using x-ray diffraction, small angle neutron scattering, and magnetometry. We show that prior to annealing FePt nanoparticles in the PEI-FePt assembly consist of a metallic magnetic core surrounded by a weakly magnetic or nonmagnetic shell. High temperature annealing creates the desired L1(0) chemical ordering and results in high coercivity FePt nanoparticles. However, we find that the high temperatures necessary to establish full chemical ordering leads to particle sintering and agglomeration. Understanding the magnetic and physical properties of these assemblies allows future research directions to be clarified for nanoparticle arrays as data storage media. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hitachi San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Thomson, T (reprint author), Hitachi San Jose Res Ctr, 650 Harry Rd, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RI Lee, Stephen/G-9791-2016; Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 OI Lee, Stephen/0000-0002-2020-3310; NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 2 BP 1197 EP 1201 DI 10.1063/1.1759393 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 834DJ UT WOS:000222391500041 ER PT J AU Thorat, SD Phillips, PJ Semenov, V Galkh, A AF Thorat, SD Phillips, PJ Semenov, V Galkh, A TI The effects of chemical structure on the shear rheology of aliphatic polycarbonates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aliphatic polycarbonates; length of side chain; flow curve; dynamic relaxation spectrum; molecular weight distribution ID POLYETHYLENES; EPOXIDES AB Aliphatic polycarbonates are a relatively new class of polymer, which are characterized by an instability at the functional group, which makes them easily degraded and capable of biodegradation; as such, they constitute a potentially powerful group of polymers for exploitation in green technology. Rheological properties in shear flow are presented for the seven following different aliphatic polycarbonate samples: polyethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, linear pentene polycarbonate, linear hexene polycarbonate, linear octene polycarbonate, cyclohexene polycarbonate, copolymer of propylene oxide (20%), and cyclohexene oxide (80%), using parallel plate rheometry. No studies of the rheological properties of aliphatic polycarbonates have been reported in the literature to date. The steady-state and the dynamic properties of these new polymers are investigated, and the resulting flow curves and the dynamic relaxation spectra of the aliphatic polycarbonate melts are presented. One of the major problems encountered in trying to characterize the melt rheology and relate behavior to the underlying molecular structure is the instability of the polymers. Because of this, a narrow processing window is present for each polymer, and it makes it impossible to compare all polymers at a constant temperature or range of temperatures in the melt. Nevertheless, some progress can be made. In all cases, the rheological response is discussed in terms of molecular characteristics, in particular, the length of the side chain and the molecular weight distribution. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. ND Zelinskii Inst Organ Chem, Moscow 117913, Russia. US DOE, Lockheed Martin Energy Syst, Washington, DC USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, POB 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 BP 534 EP 544 DI 10.1002/app.20457 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 820UL UT WOS:000221414900008 ER PT J AU Valeev, EF Janssen, CL AF Valeev, EF Janssen, CL TI Second-order Moller-Plesset theory with linear R12 terms (MP2-R12) revisited: Auxiliary basis set method and massively parallel implementation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CARTESIAN GAUSSIAN FUNCTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE THEORY; 3-ELECTRON INTEGRALS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; 2-ELECTRON INTEGRALS; INTERACTION ENERGIES; BENZENE DIMER; MP2; COMPUTATION AB Ab initio electronic structure approaches in which electron correlation explicitly appears have been the subject of much recent interest. Because these methods accelerate the rate of convergence of the energy and properties with respect to the size of the one-particle basis set, they promise to make accuracies of better than 1 kcal/mol computationally feasible for larger chemical systems than can be treated at present with such accuracy. The linear R12 methods of Kutzelnigg and co-workers are currently the most practical means to include explicit electron correlation. However, the application of such methods to systems of chemical interest faces severe challenges, most importantly, the still steep computational cost of such methods. Here we describe an implementation of the second-order Moller-Plesset method with terms linear in the interelectronic distances (MP2-R12) which has a reduced computational cost due to the use of two basis sets. The use of two basis sets in MP2-R12 theory was first investigated recently by Klopper and Samson and is known as the auxiliary basis set (ABS) approach. One of the basis sets is used to describe the orbitals and another, the auxiliary basis set, is used for approximating matrix elements occurring in the exact MP2-R12 theory. We further extend the applicability of the approach by parallelizing all steps of the integral-direct MP2-R12 energy algorithm. We discuss several variants of the MP2-R12 method in the context of parallel execution and demonstrate that our implementation runs efficiently on a variety of distributed memory machines. Results of preliminary applications indicate that the two-basis(ABS) MP2-R12 approach cannot be used safely when small basis sets (such as augmented double- and triple-zeta correlation consistent basis sets) are utilized in the orbital expansion. Our results suggest that basis set reoptimization or further modifications of the explicitly correlated ansatz and/or standard approximations for matrix elements are necessary in order to make the MP2-R12 method sufficiently accurate when small orbital basis sets are used. The computer code is a part of the latest public release of Sandia's Massively Parallel Quantum Chemistry program available under GNU General Public License. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Computat Mol Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Valeev, EF (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Computat Mol Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM edward.valeev@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Valeyev, Eduard/A-5313-2009 OI Valeyev, Eduard/0000-0001-9923-6256 NR 51 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1214 EP 1227 DI 10.1063/1.1759319 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 837TN UT WOS:000222663300007 PM 15260663 ER PT J AU Kollias, AC Couronne, O Lester, WA AF Kollias, AC Couronne, O Lester, WA TI Quantum Monte Carlo study of the reaction: Cl+CH3OH -> CH2OH+HCl SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID H ABSTRACTION DYNAMICS; HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAUSSIAN-2 THEORY; MOLLER-PLESSET; HCL PRODUCTS; RANDOM-WALK; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO; CL ATOMS AB A theoretical study is reported of the Cl+CH3OH-->CH2OH+HCl reaction based on the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) variant of the quantum Monte Carlo method. Using a DMC trial function constructed as a product of Hartree-Fock and correlation functions, we have computed the barrier height, heat of reaction, atomization energies, and heats of formation of reagents and products. The DMC heat of reaction, atomization energies, and heats of formation are found to agree with experiment to within the error bounds of computation and experiment: Moller-Plesset second order perturbation theory (MP2) and density functional theory, the latter in the B3LYP generalized gradient approximation, are found to overestimate the experimental heat of reaction. Intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations at the MP2 level of theory demonstrate that the reaction is predominantly direct; i.e., proceeds without formation of intermediates, which. is consistent with a recent molecular beam experiment. The reaction barrier as determined from MP2 calculations is found to be 2.24 kcal/mol and by DMC it is computed to be 2.39(49) kcal/mol. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lester, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM walester@lbl.gov RI Couronne, Olivier Couronne/G-1244-2012 NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1357 EP 1363 DI 10.1063/1.1756863 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 837TN UT WOS:000222663300023 PM 15260679 ER PT J AU Schaldach, CM Bourcier, WL Paul, PH Wilson, WD AF Schaldach, CM Bourcier, WL Paul, PH Wilson, WD TI Electrostatic potentials and fields in the vicinity of engineered nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanotechnology; membranes; Poisson-Boltzmann; electrostatic potentials ID POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; SURFACE; CHANNELS; SELECTIVITY AB We have developed a method for calculating the electrostatic potentials and fields in the vicinity of geometrically complex engineered nanostructures composed of varying materials in electrolytes of arbitrary pH and ionic strength. The method involves direct summation of charged Debye-Hockel spheres composing the nanostructural surfaces and, by including charge redistribution on the surface of conducting materials held at constant potential, is applicable to mixed boundary conditions. The method is validated by comparison to analytical solutions for an infinite plane (Gouy-Chapman), an infinite cylinder (Bessel functions), and an infinite plane which contains a hole and which is held at constant potential. Excellent agreement between the potentials obtained by our numerical method and the closed form solutions is found for these conditions. The method is applied to the calculation of the electric field enhancement in the vicinity of a nanomembrane whose pore wall is held at constant charge and whose membrane surfaces are held at constant potential. The electric field is found to be enhanced by the charge buildup in the rim of the hole of the nanomembrane; the buildup results from the potential being held constant in the conducting region. Ion concentrations are also calculated. Positive ion rejection is found to be enhanced by this charge buildup in the region of the rim when a constant positive potential is applied. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Eksigent Technol LLC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, WD (reprint author), Eksigent Technol LLC, 2021 Las Positas Ct,Suite 161, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wdwils@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 275 IS 2 BP 601 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.092 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 829QN UT WOS:000222064800035 PM 15178293 ER PT J AU Yang, JZ Zhang, DX Lu, ZM AF Yang, JZ Zhang, DX Lu, ZM TI Stochastic analysis of saturated-unsaturated flow in heterogeneous media by combining Karhunen-Loeve expansion and perturbation method SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stochastic modeling; saturated-unsaturated flow; Karhunen-Loeve expansion; perturbation method; numerical analysis; vadose zone ID ADSORBING SOLUTE TRANSPORT; FINITE-ELEMENTS; POROUS-MEDIA; FIELD-SCALE; SOILS; NONSTATIONARY; MODEL; MACRODISPERSION; DISPERSION; SYSTEMS AB In this study, a stochastic model for transient saturated-unsaturated flow is developed based on the Karhunen-Loeve expansion of the input random soil properties combined with a perturbation method. The log-transformed saturated hydraulic conductivity f(x) and the soil pore size distribution parameter alpha(x) are assumed to be normal random functions with known covariances. We decompose f(x) and alpha(x) as infinite series in a set of orthogonal normal random variables by the Karhunen-Loeve expansion and expand the pressure head as polynomial chaos with the same set of orthogonal random variables. The perfectly correlated and uncorrelated cases between f(x) and alpha(x) are studied. By using the Karhunen-Loeve expansion of the input random parameters, polynomial chaos decomposition of pressure head, and the perturbation method, the saturated-unsaturated flow equation and the corresponding initial and boundary conditions are represented by a series of partial differential equations in which the dependent variables are the deterministic coefficients of the polynomial chaos expansion. Once the partial differential equations are solved subsequently by a numerical method, the random representation of pressure head is obtained by combining the deterministic coefficients obtained and the random variables from the Karhunen-Loeve expansion of the input random functions. The moments of pressure head and water content are determined directly from the random representation of the pressure head. We demonstrated the applicability of the proposed KL-based stochastic model with some examples of unsaturated and saturated-unsaturated flow in two dimensions, and compared the results with those from the moment-based stochastic model. It is shown that the KL-based models are more computationally efficient than the conventional moment-based models. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Wuhan Univ, Natl Key Lab Water Resources & Hydropower Engn Sc, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Univ Oklahoma, Mewbourne Sch Petr & Geol Eng, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Zhang, DX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, EES-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cshy@public.wh.hb.cn; donzhang@ou.edu; zhiming@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 294 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 18 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.023 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 832QV UT WOS:000222282900003 ER PT J AU Guadagnini, L Guadagnini, A Tartakovsky, DM AF Guadagnini, L Guadagnini, A Tartakovsky, DM TI Probabilistic reconstruction of geologic facies SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE stochastic; random domain decomposition; composite media ID POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; AQUIFERS AB Random domain decomposition (RDD) provides a powerful tool for quantifying uncertainty in flow simulations, when both the geologic makeup of a porous medium and its hydraulic parameters are under-specified by data. Its prior applications dealt with flows in porous media whose internal compositions are amenable to simple parameterizations. This study provides a means for probabilistic reconstruction of boundaries between geologic facies. We apply our general approach to multiple data sets to reconstruct highly permeable zones within an aquitard in the Bologna (Italy) aquifer system and demonstrate how it can be used in conjunction with RDD. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Politecn Milan, DIIAR, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guadagnini, A (reprint author), Politecn Milan, DIIAR, Piazza L Da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM laura.guadagnini@polimi.it; alberto.guadagnini@polimi.it; dmt@lanl.gov RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 294 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.02.007 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 832QV UT WOS:000222282900005 ER PT J AU Orme, CJ Klaehn, JR Stewart, FF AF Orme, CJ Klaehn, JR Stewart, FF TI Gas permeability and ideal selectivity of poly [bis-(phenoxy)phosphazene], poly [bis-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)phosphazene], and poly [bis-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)(1.2)(chloro)(0.8)phosphazene] SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas permeability; polyphosphazene; gas separations ID PHOSPHONITRILIC COMPOUNDS; SEPARATION PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT; POLY; POLY; POLYPHOSPHAZENES; PERVAPORATION AB Described in this paper is the synthesis and gas permeability characterization of poly [bis-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)phosphazene], and poly[bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenox)(1,2)(chloro()0.8)phosphazene]. In general, linear chloro-containing polyphosphazenes are hydrolytically unstable. However, in this work, a novel polymer, poly[bis-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenoxy)(1.2)(chloro)(0.8)phosphazene], was observed to have an unusually high degree of hydrolytic stability and excellent membrane formation characteristics. Data derived from these polymers were compared to that of the more common poly[(bis-phenoxy)phosphazene]. These comparisons showed higher gas permeabilities and ideal separation factors for both of the alkyl-substituted phenoxy-phosphazenes, thus validating the concept that adding sterically bulky pendant groups to phosphazenes can affect membrane performance through disruption of orderly chain packing. Chemical characterization of these polymers was conducted using NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, helium pycnometry, elemental analysis, and multi-angle laser light scattering. Membranes were formed by solution casting and were characterized for their pure gas permeability using the following gases: H-2, Ar, N-2, O-2, CH4. CO2, and H2S. Additionally, ideal selectivities of the significant O-2/N-2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stewart, FF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM fsf@inel.gov RI Klaehn, John/C-6011-2017 OI Klaehn, John/0000-0002-7077-4509 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 238 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.02.032 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 832TU UT WOS:000222290900005 ER PT J AU Scovazzo, P Kieft, J Finan, DA Koval, C DuBois, D Noble, R AF Scovazzo, P Kieft, J Finan, DA Koval, C DuBois, D Noble, R TI Gas separations using non-hexafluorophosphate [PF6](-) anion supported ionic liquid membranes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE liquid membranes; gas separations ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MOLTEN-SALTS; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE; HYDROGEN AB Previously, we reported on using Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in place of traditional solvents for supported liquid membranes to take advantage of their unique properties. This previous work used RTILs with the hexafluorophosphate [PF6](-) anion. However, the [PF6]anion in the presence of water can break down into HE In the current work, we studied RTIL-membranes made from the following water stable anions: bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide [Tf2N](-), trifluoromethanesulfone [CF3SO3](-), chloride [Cl](-)(,) and dicyanamide [dca]-. We report CO2 permeabilities of 350 barrers (for [Cl](-)) to 1000 barters (for [Tf2N](-)) combined with CO2/N-2 ideal selectivities of 15 (for [Cl](-)) to 61 (for [dca](-)). Note that these permeability/selectivities place RTIL-membranes above the upper-bound in a CO2/N-2 Robeson plot of representative polymers. The CO2/CH4 ideal selectivities range from 4 (for [Cl](-)) to 20 (for [dca](-)), thereby placing the [dca]-membrane above the upper-bound for the CO2/CH4 Robeson plot. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Scovazzo, P (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. EM scovazzo@olemiss.edu NR 20 TC 273 Z9 285 U1 7 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 238 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.02.033 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 832TU UT WOS:000222290900006 ER PT J AU Hess, C Hoefelmeyer, JD Tilley, TD AF Hess, C Hoefelmeyer, JD Tilley, TD TI Spectroscopic characterization of highly dispersed vanadia supported on SBA-15 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TIO2/SIO2 MIXED OXIDES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; MOLECULAR PRECURSOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; V-51 NMR; CATALYSTS; SILICA; SURFACE AB Spectroscopic analysis was used to gain new insight into the molecular structures occurring during the synthesis of highly dispersed silica SBA-15 supported vanadia (VOx/SBA-15). VOx/SBA-15 was prepared by a grafting/anion-exchange procedure. As a first step of the procedure, the inner pores of SBA-15 are functionalized via grafting of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. After fort-nation of the corresponding ammonium salt, decavanadate (V10O286-) is incorporated into the pores by anion exchange. In the final step, calcination of the decavanadate precursor, yields the chemically bonded vanadia species. Using this approach, vanadium loadings of up to 22 wt % of V on SBA-15 were obtained. As followed by Raman spectroscopy, upon dehydration, the structure of the supported vanadia changes dramatically. Raman and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy under dehydrated conditions reveal the presence of different vanadia structures (monomers, polymers, and crystals) as a function of vanadium loading (0-22 wt % of V). The maximum coverage of vanadia species on SBA-15 is achieved at 7.2 wt % of V (2.3 V/nm(2)). At loadings up to 7.2 wt % of V, the vanadia species are mainly present as isolated tetrahedral species, whereas at higher loadings V2O5 crystallites are formed, in addition to monomeric and polymeric vanadia species. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Hoefelmeyer, James/B-5278-2011; OI Hoefelmeyer, James/0000-0002-5955-8557 NR 58 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 28 BP 9703 EP 9709 DI 10.1021/jp037714r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 837MP UT WOS:000222639900025 ER PT J AU Dunietz, BD Markovic, NM Ross, PN Head-Gordon, M AF Dunietz, BD Markovic, NM Ross, PN Head-Gordon, M TI Initiation of electro-oxidation of CO on Pt based electrodes at full coverage conditions simulated by ab initio electronic structure calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ADLAYER OXIDATION; PLATINUM; MECHANISM; CHEMISORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; VOLTAMMETRY AB CO electrooxidation on Pt-based electrodes is simulated by density functional calculations on cluster models. Recently, simple cluster models were used to identify a crucial intermediate species for the reaction. In this work, we address the problem of the initiation of the CO electrooxidation process by employing extended models. These extended models are aimed at representing the surface at full coverage, which is believed to be the condition of the physical system at reaction initiation. According to the models employed in this study, it is concluded that for the reaction to begin at reasonable strength of the potential bias a vacancy has to occur at a site adjacent to an adsorbed CO. Such vacancies can be produced either by the presence of surface defects or due to dynamical desorption of CO. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dunietz, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Chem Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 28 BP 9888 EP 9892 DI 10.1021/jp037951u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 837MP UT WOS:000222639900049 ER PT J AU Heijboer, WM Glatzel, P Sawant, KR Lobo, RF Bergmann, U Barrea, RA Koningsberger, DC Weckhuysen, BM de Groot, FMF AF Heijboer, WM Glatzel, P Sawant, KR Lobo, RF Bergmann, U Barrea, RA Koningsberger, DC Weckhuysen, BM de Groot, FMF TI K beta-detected XANES of framework-substituted FeZSM-5 zeolites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; OVER-EXCHANGED FE/ZSM5; IN-SITU XAFS; FE-SILICALITE; EXTRAFRAMEWORK IRON; FE-ZSM-5 CATALYSTS; N2O DECOMPOSITION; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; NOX REDUCTION; ACTIVE-SITES AB The valence and local symmetry of iron in framework-substituted FeZSM-5 with a high Fe dilution (Si/Fe = 360) was studied by means of Kbeta-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This technique combines high-resolution (DeltaE similar to1 eV) fluorescence detection of the 3p to 1s (Kbeta) transition with the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) at the Fe K-edge. An absorption-like spectrum is recorded by detecting the Kbeta fluorescence intensity as a function of the incident energy that is scanned through the K absorption edge. Kbeta-detected XANES spectra allow for a more precise separation of the weak K pre-edge structure from the main edge as compared to conventional absorption spectroscopy. Subsequent analysis and interpretation of the pre-edge spectral features therefore is more accurate. The pre-edge is sensitive to changes in the local coordination and oxidation state of Fe. Using this technique we were able to quantitatively determine the degree of iron extraction out of a zeolite framework upon steaming. With the use of appropriate reference compounds, the pre-edge analysis was used to monitor the activation of low-loaded, framework-substituted FeZSM-5 (0.3 wt % Fe). Template removal and calcination distort the zeolite framework and induce a deviation from T-d symmetry for incorporated iron. The (deliberate) presence of water at high temperature (T > 500 degreesC) facilitates the hydrolysis of the Si-O-Fe bonds and increases the formation of extraframework iron species. The amount of Fe-III occupying tetrahedral sites in the MFI-type zeolite decreases to 32% and 19%, respectively, for mild- and hard-steamed samples. C1 Univ Utrecht, Debye Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, BioCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP de Groot, FMF (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Debye Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Sorbonnelaan 16, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM F.M.F.deGroot@chem.uu.nl RI Weckhuysen, Bert/D-3742-2009; Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 OI Weckhuysen, Bert/0000-0001-5245-1426; Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; NR 38 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 28 BP 10002 EP 10011 DI 10.1021/jp048368w PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 837MP UT WOS:000222639900064 ER PT J AU Itoh, K Muraoka, A Watanabe, K Nagata, T Nishikawa, M Holroyd, RA AF Itoh, K Muraoka, A Watanabe, K Nagata, T Nishikawa, M Holroyd, RA TI Negative charge transport in gaseous, supercritical, and liquid carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTION-BAND ENERGY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; NITROUS-OXIDE; HIGH-PRESSURE; MOBILITY; ETHANE; DENSITY; FLUID AB The mobility of one of two types of fast moving negative charge carriers was measured by a time-of-flight method over a wide range of the solvent density p in gaseous, supercritical, and liquid carbon dioxide. Charge carriers are formed by laser photoinjection into neat CO2. At low densities below 2 mol/L, the mobility decreases inversely proportional to rho(6.3). The mobility becomes minimum near the critical density and increases at higher densities. The location of the mobility minimum approximately coincides with that of the isothermal compressibility maximum. The mobility increase at higher densities is understood as the result of the onset of the hopping electron transport or of the formation of the conduction band. Both of the hopping and the equilibrium (the conduction band) models are consistent with the mobility behavior observed. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Basic Sci, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. Kanagawa Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Atsugi 2430292, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Itoh, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Basic Sci, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Meguro Ku, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. EM ckengo@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Watanabe, Kazuo/D-2016-2011 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 28 BP 10177 EP 10184 DI 10.1021/jp0490731 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 837MP UT WOS:000222639900085 ER PT J AU Lo, CT Laabs, FC Narasimhan, B AF Lo, CT Laabs, FC Narasimhan, B TI Interfacial adhesion mechanisms in incompatible semicrystalline polymer systems SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crystallization; fracture energy; interdiffusion; semicrystalline polymer; interfaces; polyolefins; TEM ID DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM; GLASSY-POLYMERS; STRENGTH; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYETHYLENE; POLYSTYRENE; NUCLEATION; TOUGHNESS; COPOLYMER; BLENDS AB The mechanism of adhesion at semicrystalline polymer interfaces between isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and linear low-density polyethylene (PE) was studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an asymmetric-double-cantilever-beam test. From the TEM images, both the interfacial width and the lamellar thickness of the polymers were extracted. During annealing, the interfacial width increased with the annealing temperature, and this indicated the accumulation of amorphous polymers at the interface. The interfacial strength, determined from the critical fracture energy (G(c)), also increased with the annealing temperature and reached a maximum above the melting temperatures of iPP and PE, whereas the smallest G(c) value was obtained below the melting temperatures of the two materials. A mechanism of interfacial strengthening was proposed accounting for the competition between the interdiffusion of PE and crystallization of iPP. As the annealing temperature increased, the rates of PE diffusion and iPP crystallization increased. Although the crystallization of iPP hindered the interdiffusion of PE, both the interfacial width and the fracture energy increased with the temperature, and this indicated that PE interdiffusion dominated iPP crystallization. Below the critical temperature, the fracture surfaces of both iPP and PE were smooth, and chain pullout dominated the fracture mechanism. Above the critical temperature, iPP crystallization still hindered the interdiffusion, and crazes could be seen on the iPP side. Above the melting temperatures of the two materials, ruptured surfaces could also be seen on the PE side, and crazing was the fracture mechanism. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Narasimhan, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 2035 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nbalaji@iastate.edu RI Narasimhan, Balaji/A-5487-2008 OI Narasimhan, Balaji/0000-0002-7955-5353 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 14 BP 2667 EP 2679 DI 10.1002/polb.20148 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 833LR UT WOS:000222339300005 ER PT J AU Schwarz, RB Harms, U Jain, H AF Schwarz, RB Harms, U Jain, H TI Elastic stiffness of interfaces studied by Rayleigh waves SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Rapidly Quenched and Metastable Materials CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford, Dept Mat DE interfaces; elastic modulus; Rayleigh waves; thin films; XPS ID THIN-FILMS; CONSTANTS AB The properties of nanocrystalline materials are often dominated by the behavior of their interfaces. We use Rayleigh waves to measure in situ the elastic stiffness of elemental and alloy thin films while they are being deposited. Of special interest are changes in stiffness of the multilayer upon switching the deposition from one metal to another. For most film/substrate combinations, the stiffness changes abruptly, as found for Ir/Pd, Pd/Ag, Pd/Co, Au/Co, Ag/Pd, Ag/Co, and Pt/Pd interfaces. For other metal-metal combinations, the stiffness change shows transient effects. These changes reflect either an elastic softening, as found at Co/Pd, Co/Ag, Co/Au, Pd/Pt, and Ir/Pt interfaces, or an elastic stiffening, as found at Pd/Ir and Pt/Ir interfaces. The stiffening at Pd/Ir interfaces is studied in greater detail. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data are used in the interpretation of the results. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Schwarz, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div Grp, MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rxzs@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 375 SI SI BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.177 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 846QC UT WOS:000223329700027 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF AF Sordelet, DJ Besser, MF TI Oxygen effects on glass formation of plasma arc sprayed Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 surface coatings SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Rapidly Quenched and Metastable Materials CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford, Dept Mat DE metallic glass; plasma arc spray; devitrification ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE AB A series of thermal spray experiments were performed to produce Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 coatings from gas atomized powders synthesized with oxygen contents ranging from 0.125 to 0.79 wt.%. The amount of oxygen increased with decreasing particle size, which suggests the oxide is present as a surface film. Surface coatings were deposited using plasma arc spraying (PAS) in air and in an argon environment within an environmental chamber. The amount of amorphous phase was estimated for the gas atomized powders and plasma arc sprayed coatings. Despite the rapid solidification occurring during these two processing methods, substantial devitrification occurs in the high oxygen content powders and their associated coatings. Coatings deposited in air exhibit significantly more devitrification than their counterparts produced in the controlled environment chamber. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Dept Mat Sci & Engn,Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Dept Mat Sci & Engn,Ames Lab, 125 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sordelet@ameslab.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 375 SI SI BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.185 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 846QC UT WOS:000223329700116 ER PT J AU Johnson, E Andersen, JS Levinsen, M Steenstrup, S Prokofjev, S Zhilin, V Dahmen, U Radetic, T Turner, JH AF Johnson, E Andersen, JS Levinsen, M Steenstrup, S Prokofjev, S Zhilin, V Dahmen, U Radetic, T Turner, JH TI Random vibration movements of liquid nanosized Pb inclusions in Al SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Rapidly Quenched and Metastable Materials CY AUG 25-30, 2002 CL Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Univ Oxford, Dept Mat DE liquid lead inclusions; inclusions on dislocations; in situ TEM; random oscillations; fractal analysis ID MELTING-POINT; SOLID AL; SHAPES AB Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the behavior of liquid nanosized Pb inclusions in Al ribbons made by rapid solidification. In situ heating experiments carried out in the temperature range from around 375 to 450degreesC have shown that liquid inclusions with sizes from around 10-50 nm, that are trapped on dislocations, perform random vibrations around their positions of attachment with vibration periods of some fractions of seconds. The amplitudes of the vibrations in directions perpendicular to the dislocations are a few nanometers, while the motion in directions parallel to the dislocations can be more than an order of magnitude larger. Under conditions where two or more inclusions, attached to a dislocation line, display one-dimensional random motion the inclusions are rarely seen to coalesce. Movement of the inclusions has been monitored by video and shorter sequences have been digitized and analyzed frame-by-frame. The analysis shows that the step lengths have Gaussian distributions indicative of random walks. Fractal analysis of the paths shows that the fractal dimension is close to two which agrees well with the observations that the inclusions carry out linear random walks in a confined space. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnson, E (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM erik.johnson@risoe.dk NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 375 SI SI BP 951 EP 955 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.076 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 846QC UT WOS:000223329700183 ER PT J AU Gray, JM Karow, DS Lu, H Chang, AJ Chang, JS Ellis, RE Marletta, MA Bargmann, CI AF Gray, JM Karow, DS Lu, H Chang, AJ Chang, JS Ellis, RE Marletta, MA Bargmann, CI TI Oxygen sensation and social feeding mediated by a C-elegans guanylate cyclase homologue SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL; NITRIC-OXIDE; RESPONSES; HYPOXIA; ACTIVATION; BEHAVIOR; PATHWAYS; NEURONS; STATES AB Specialized oxygen-sensing cells in the nervous system generate rapid behavioural responses to oxygen. We show here that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits a strong behavioural preference for 5-12% oxygen, avoiding higher and lower oxygen levels. 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a common second messenger in sensory transduction and is implicated in oxygen sensation. Avoidance of high oxygen levels by C. elegans requires the sensory cGMP-gated channel tax-2/tax-4 and a specific soluble guanylate cyclase homologue, gcy-35. The GCY-35 haem domain binds molecular oxygen, unlike the haem domains of classical nitric-oxide-regulated guanylate cyclases. GCY-35 and TAX-4 mediate oxygen sensation in four sensory neurons that control a naturally polymorphic social feeding behaviour in C. elegans. Social feeding and related behaviours occur only when oxygen exceeds C. elegans' preferred level, and require gcy-35 activity. Our results suggest that GCY-35 is regulated by molecular oxygen, and that social feeding can be a behavioural strategy for responding to hyperoxic environments. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Grad Program Cellular & Mol Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Osteopath Med, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bargmann, CI (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu; cori@itsa.ucsf.edu RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Bargmann, Cornelia/0000-0002-8484-0618 NR 33 TC 288 Z9 316 U1 3 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 6997 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1038/nature02714 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837LG UT WOS:000222631200032 PM 15220933 ER PT J AU Zhang, JH Zhao, YS AF Zhang, JH Zhao, YS TI Formation of zirconium metallic glass (Retracted Article. See vol 437, pg 1057, 2005) SO NATURE LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication ID PRESSURE-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; BCC PHASE-TRANSITION; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; DECOMPOSITION; ZR; CRYSTALLIZATION; PHONONS; LIQUIDS; MODEL AB Bulk metallic glasses are commonly produced by the rapid cooling of liquid alloys(1). They have emerged over the past decade as a novel class of materials, with attractive properties and technological promise(1,2). The bulk metallic glasses so far produced contain three or more component elements(3,4). These complex compositions are necessary to frustrate the crystallization of the liquid melt on cooling, but can also lead to phase separation, which is detrimental to the thermal and mechanical properties of metallic glasses(5-8). Here we report, using X-ray diffraction measurements, the formation of a bulk metallic glass from elemental zirconium at high static pressures and low temperatures ( relative to its melting temperature at atmospheric pressure). Amorphous zirconium can be recovered at ambient conditions and demonstrates a superior thermal stability compared to amorphous alloys(3,9), which could lead to new high-temperature applications of amorphous metals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jzhang@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 6997 BP 332 EP 335 DI 10.1038/nature02715 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837LG UT WOS:000222631200036 PM 15254533 ER PT J AU Jaeger, J Surkova, S Blagov, M Janssens, H Kosman, D Kozlov, KN Manu Myasnikova, E Vanario-Alonso, CE Samsonova, M Sharp, DH Reinitz, J AF Jaeger, J Surkova, S Blagov, M Janssens, H Kosman, D Kozlov, KN Manu Myasnikova, E Vanario-Alonso, CE Samsonova, M Sharp, DH Reinitz, J TI Dynamic control of positional information in the early Drosophila embryo SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MORPHOGEN GRADIENT; SEGMENTATION; PROTEIN; PATTERN; EMBRYOGENESIS; HUNCHBACK; MODEL; GENES AB Morphogen gradients contribute to pattern formation by determining positional information in morphogenetic fields(1,2). Interpretation of positional information is thought to rely on direct, concentration-threshold-dependent mechanisms for establishing multiple differential domains of target gene expression(1,3,4). In Drosophila, maternal gradients establish the initial position of boundaries for zygotic gap gene expression, which in turn convey positional information to pair-rule and segment-polarity genes, the latter forming a segmental prepattern by the onset of gastrulation(5-7). Here we report, on the basis of quantitative gene expression data, substantial anterior shifts in the position of gap domains after their initial establishment. Using a data-driven mathematical modelling approach(8-11), we show that these shifts are based on a regulatory mechanism that relies on asymmetric gap-gap cross-repression and does not require the diffusion of gap proteins. Our analysis implies that the threshold-dependent interpretation of maternal morphogen concentration is not sufficient to determine shifting gap domain boundary positions, and suggests that establishing and interpreting positional information are not independent processes in the Drosophila blastoderm. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Dev Genet, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, Ctr Adv Studies, Dept Computat Biol, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reinitz, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM reinitz@odd.bio.sunysb.edu RI Kozlov, Konstantin/N-6748-2013; OI Kozlov, Konstantin/0000-0001-6765-236X; Jaeger, Johannes/0000-0002-2568-2103 NR 27 TC 307 Z9 317 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 6997 BP 368 EP 371 DI 10.1038/nature02678 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837LG UT WOS:000222631200045 PM 15254541 ER PT J AU Dangalchev, C AF Dangalchev, C TI Generation models for scale-free networks SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE random networks; scale-free networks; collaboration graph; deterministic static model ID EVOLUTION AB In the last few years it has been established that the connectivity distribution of the large real-world networks often follows the power-law, i.e., they are scale-free networks. In this article stochastic models leading to scale-free network are considered and a model close to them is proposed. Deterministic models for creating scale-free networks with given nodes (static model) are demonstrated. A characteristic of graphs, which could be used for determining the scale-free topology of networks, is suggested. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dangalchev, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 160 Van Giesen Str,Ap 212, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dangalchev@hotmail.com NR 10 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 338 IS 3-4 BP 659 EP 671 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2004.01.056 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 832SE UT WOS:000222286500027 ER PT J AU Hu, XS Biehl, R Prud'homme, RK Monkenbusch, M Lal, J AF Hu, XS Biehl, R Prud'homme, RK Monkenbusch, M Lal, J TI Fluctuations of bare membranes and their modification on incorporation of polymers having equally spaced anchors SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS 2003) CY SEP 03-06, 2003 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP European Neutron Round Table, French Minist Rech, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energ Atom, Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Agglomerat Montpellier, Univ Montpellier II DE membrane; neutron scattering; polymer AB Membrane undulations of highly ordered bare nonionic surfactant penta(ethyleneglycol) dodecyl ether (C12E5) multilayers were studied by neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE). The membrane relaxations profiles were fitted by a stretched exponential law S(q,t) = S(q) exp(Gamma(q)t)(3/2), where S(q) is the static structure factor and Gamma(q) is the relaxation rate. The universal scaling law Gamma(q) similar to q(3) for qd/2pi > 1, where d is the inter-lamellar spacing was observed. From the dependence of Gamma(q) on d as obtained for different surfactant volume fractions, shows that intermembrane contributions are still important at these q values. A model comb-graft polymer with monodisperse Polyethylene glycol (PEG) blocks of 6 kg/mol connecting C-18 stearylamide hydrophobes, which serve as anchors, was introduced in the lamellar phase at increasing polymer concentration at two membrane volume fraction of 20% and 30% (Langmuir 18 (2002) 6). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forsch Zentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hu, XS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xhu@anl.gov; jlal@anl.gov RI Biehl, Ralf /J-9464-2013 OI Biehl, Ralf /0000-0002-1999-547X NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 BP 217 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.04.031 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 845ZZ UT WOS:000223285700052 ER PT J AU Hosokawa, S Pilgrim, WC Sinn, H Alp, EE AF Hosokawa, S Pilgrim, WC Sinn, H Alp, EE TI Microscopic dynamics in trivalent liquid Ga SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Conference on Neutron Scattering (ECNS 2003) CY SEP 03-06, 2003 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP European Neutron Round Table, French Minist Rech, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Commiss Energ Atom, Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Agglomerat Montpellier, Univ Montpellier II DE liquid metal; inelastic X-ray scattering; phonon dispersion ID GALLIUM AB The dynamic structure factor S(Q, omega) of liquid Ga was measured at 100degreesC using high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering. The obtained spectra clearly demonstrate the existence of longitudinal propagating modes at small Q. The Q-omega relation of the excitations shows a so-called positive dispersion of about 15%, which is much smaller than findings from an inelastic neutron-scattering experiment carried out at higher temperature. The spectra are well reproduced by an analysis using memory function formalism with two viscous decay channels. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Marburg, Inst Phys Kern & Makromol Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, SRI, CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hosokawa, S (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Inst Phys Kern & Makromol Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM hosokawa@mailer.uni-marburg.de NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 BP 262 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.04.040 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 845ZZ UT WOS:000223285700063 ER PT J AU Adachi, T Ikeda, K Oku, T Guo, J Lin, W Ohmori, H Morishima, T Shimizu, HM Sakai, K Suzuki, J Littrell, KC Loong, CK AF Adachi, T. Ikeda, K. Oku, T. Guo, J. Lin, W. Ohmori, H. Morishima, T. Shimizu, H. M. Sakai, K. Suzuki, J. Littrell, K. C. Loong, C. -K. TI Possible application of compound Fresnel lens for neutron beam focusing SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Neutron optics; Focusinglens; Small-angle scattering AB We have developed a Fresnel-type focusing device for cold neutrons fabricated using single crystals of magnesium fluoride. This stacked-lens device using 50 elements (with 50 beam-bending interfaces) demonstrated a focal length of 5 m with a good transmission of 0.829 for 1: 14 nm neutrons. The focused beam was 5 times more intense than a beam of the same spot size with the same final flight path length produced with the traditional pinhole collimation. The background-scattering noise from lens was an order of magnitude larger than that of the traditional pinhole collimation in the momentum range of 0.01-0.05 nm(-1); almost 10(-3) of focused direct beam at the lowest momentum transfers measurable. This device produced an intensity gain in measured SANS data of more than 10 times when compared with the conventional pinhole geometry with the same minimum momentum transfer. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Adachi, T.; Ikeda, K.; Oku, T.; Guo, J.; Lin, W.; Ohmori, H.; Morishima, T.; Shimizu, H. M.; Sakai, K.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3511098, Japan. [Sakai, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Suzuki, J.] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Littrell, K. C.; Loong, C. -K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adachi, T (reprint author), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3511098, Japan. EM tadachi@riken.go.jp RI Ohmori , Hitoshi /A-7562-2015; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese Government FX This work was performed with the support of Special Coordination Funds for promoting the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese Government. Authors thank to Dr. Koizumi for offering the sample to measure the small-angle scattering. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E775 EP E778 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.202 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900192 ER PT J AU Bouwman, WG Pynn, R Rekveldt, MT AF Bouwman, Wim G. Pynn, Roger Rekveldt, M. Theo TI Comparison of the performance of SANS and SESANS SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE SANS; SESANS; Radius of gyration; Intensity gain AB Spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) is an efficient methodto measure particle sizes in real space because it eliminates the needfor strong collimation of the beam. In this paper we show calculations on the gain in intensity one achieves for measuring the radius of gyration with SESANS compared to conventional SANS. The gain in intensity is greatest for long length scales. This gain is orders of magnitude for particles larger than 100 nm: (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bouwman, Wim G.; Rekveldt, M. Theo] Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. [Pynn, Roger] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bouwman, WG (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, Mekelweg 15, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. EM w.g.bouwman@iri.tudelft.nl RI Bouwman, Wim/C-8669-2009 OI Bouwman, Wim/0000-0002-5331-8085 FU 'Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)'; 'Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)'; US Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36]; University of California FX This work is part of the research programme of the 'Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)', which is financially supportedby the 'Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)'. One of us (RP) thanks the US Department of Energy for support under contract W-7405-ENG-36 with the University of California. We thank Dr. A.A. van Well for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E787 EP E790 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.205 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900195 ER PT J AU Clementyev, ES Boni, P Demmel, F Shirane, G AF Clementyev, E. S. Boeni, P. Demmel, F. Shirane, G. TI Mapping of magnetic excitations in single-Q chromium SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Magnetic excitations; Antiferromagnetic ordering; Neutron spectroscopy ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE AB The low-energy excitations of antiferromagnetic Cr have been measured by means of inelastic neutron scattering using a novel multi-detector setup on the triple-axis spectrometer IN3 (ILL). A large area in the [010]/[001] scattering plane was investigated around several reciprocal lattice positions in the transverse spin-density-wave phase. The observed intensity map at constant energy transfer E = 6 meV in the Q(k)-Q(l) scattering plane shows rings around (001). The result confirms the recent observation of a dispersive mode perpendicular to the ordering wave vector of the incommensurate structure. In addition, contour maps as measured for various E-transfers indicate the appearance of magnetic intensity at the silent positions (0, +/-delta, 1). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Demmel, F.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Shirane, G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11974 USA. [Clementyev, E. S.; Boeni, P.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Clementyev, ES (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, E21, D-85747 Garching, Germany. EM eclement@frm2.tum.de OI Demmel, Franz/0000-0003-3203-4136 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E67 EP E69 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.019 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900017 ER PT J AU Delheusy, M Raty, JY Detemple, R Welnic, W Wuttig, M Gaspard, JP AF Delheusy, M. Raty, J. Y. Detemple, R. Welnic, W. Wuttig, M. Gaspard, J. -P. TI Structure of liquid Te-based alloys used in rewritable DVDs SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Rewritable DVD; Neutrondiffraction; Peierls distortion AB We analyze the structure of Te-based chalcogenide compounds that are used as materials for rewritable DVDs by using a combination of neutron diffraction and ab initio computer simulation. We show that in the liquid, the atoms have a low average coordination number, as the result of a Peierls distortion. The partial pair correlation functions are obtained from the computer simulation data. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Delheusy, M.; Raty, J. Y.; Gaspard, J. -P.] Univ Liege, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. [Raty, J. Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Detemple, R.; Welnic, W.; Wuttig, M.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Lehrstuhl Phys Neuer Mat, Inst Phys 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. RP Delheusy, M (reprint author), Univ Liege, B5, B-4000 Sart Tilman Par Liege, Belgium. EM m.delheusy@ulg.ac.be; jp.gaspard@ulg.ac.be RI Wuttig, Matthias/A-8860-2012 OI Wuttig, Matthias/0000-0003-1498-1025 FU US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; FNRS FX Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract no. W-7405-Eng-48. JYR acknowledges support from the FNRS. Dr. B. Beuneu (LLB, Saclay) is thanked for her help in the data acquisition. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E1055 EP E1057 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.289 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900261 ER PT J AU Garcia-Munoz, JL Frontera, C Llobet, A Carrillo, AE Caneiro, A Aranda, MAG Ritter, C Dooryee, E AF Garcia-Munoz, J. L. Frontera, C. Llobet, A. Carrillo, A. E. Caneiro, A. Aranda, M. A. G. Ritter, C. Dooryee, E. TI Study of the oxygen-deficient double perovskite PrBaCo2O5.75 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Neutron diffraction; Synchrotron diffraction; Cobaltites; Metal-insulator transition; Antiferromagnetism; Ferromagnetism AB The oxygen-deficient perovskite PrBaCo2O5.75 was prepared by solid-state reaction followed by well-defined annealing and cooling conditions. The oxygen content was measured by thermogravimetric analyses and neutron diffraction. The structural and magnetic properties of this cobaltite that formally corresponds to Co4+/Co3+ = 1:3 have been investigated. Although neutron data are consistent with a tetragonal a(p) x a(p) x 2a(p) cell, synchrotron measurements revealan orthorhombic symmetry and the doubling of the b-axis owing to the ordering of oxygen vacancies along a. PrBaCo2O5.75 presents antiferromagnetic order below T-N approximate to 140K. From neutron diffraction, using a single moment G-type model, the ordered moment at 2K is found to be 1.14(6)mu(B)/Co ion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia-Munoz, J. L.; Frontera, C.; Llobet, A.; Carrillo, A. E.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Llobet, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Caneiro, A.] Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Aranda, M. A. G.] Univ Malaga, E-29071 Malaga, Spain. [Ritter, C.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Dooryee, E.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Garcia-Munoz, JL (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Campus Univ Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM garcia.munoz@icmab.es RI Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Frontera, Carlos/B-4910-2008; Garcia-Munoz, Jose Luis /A-7983-2015 OI Frontera, Carlos/0000-0002-0091-4756; Garcia-Munoz, Jose Luis /0000-0002-4174-2794 FU MEC [PB97-1175]; CICyT [MAT2003-07483-C02-02]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2001SGR-00334, PICS2003-15]; McyT (Spain) FX Financial support by the MEC (PB97-1175), CICyT (MAT2003-07483-C02-02) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2001SGR-00334, PICS2003-15) is thanked. C. F. acknowledges financial support from McyT (Spain). We thank ILL, ESRF and ISIS for the provision of beam time. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E277 EP E279 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.069 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900069 ER PT J AU Haussler, W Ehlers, G Schmidt, U AF Haeussler, W. Ehlers, G. Schmidt, U. TI Field integral correction in neutron resonance spin echo SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Neutron spin echo; Resonance spin echo; Small-angle neutron scattering AB Neutron resonance spin echo (NRSE) as a variant of neutron spin echo (NSE) has the advantage that it needs only relatively small magnetic coils. Field inhomogeneities are therefore less important than in NSE. We have built a new type of NRSE spectrometer that overcomes the main limitation of NRSE towards high-energy resolution. Our setup profits from a new longitudinal NRSE field geometry which allows to use Fresnel coils correcting for the beam divergence effect, while former NRSE setups with transversal static magnetic fields could not use Fresnel coils. We demonstrate the function of the longitudinal resonance flip coils, and show first results of spin echo test measurements performed by means of the new setup. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haeussler, W.] Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Schmidt, U.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Haussler, W (reprint author), Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France. EM haeussle@ill.fr RI Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E807 EP E810 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.210 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900200 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Butler, PD Warr, GG AF Porcar, L. Hamilton, W. A. Butler, P. D. Warr, G. G. TI Relaxation of a shear-induced lamellar phase measured with time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE SANS; Shear; Relaxation; Sponge phase; Lamellar phase AB We have measured the relaxation of Couette shear-induced L(alpha) lamellar states to their isotropic L(3) "sponge" equilibrium phases in the cetylpryridinium-hexanol/dextrose-brine system by (cycled) time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering. Although diffusive motions of adjacent membrane sheets may be estimated to bring them into contact with frequencies similar to 10 kHz, we observe structural relaxation times on the order of seconds. This indicates a significant activation energy against the re-establishment of the passages characterizing the convoluted sponge structure. (C) 2004 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Porcar, L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamilton, W. A.; Butler, P. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Warr, G. G.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Porcar, L (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM porcarl@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 FU US National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization; Australian Research Council FX The NG3 SANS instrument is operated by NIST, US Department of Commerce, with funding from the US National Science Foundation under agreement DMR-9986442. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. G.G.W. acknowledges Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization and Australian Research Council support. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E963 EP E966 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.305 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900238 ER PT J AU Rols, S Bordallo, HN Herwig, KW Barthes, M AF Rols, S. Bordallo, H. N. Herwig, K. W. Barthes, M. TI Dynamical disorder and reorientation of the CH(3) groups in N-methylacetamide SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Simplest model system; Alpha-helical proteins; Polypeptides AB By selective deuteration the influence of the environment on the geometry of the motion of each hydrogen group in N-methylacetamide (NMA, CH(3)NHCOCH(3)) was probed using quasi-elastic neutron scattering. From 100 K to ambient very good agreement was obtained over the entire Q-range (0.35-2.35 angstrom) by fitting the data to a uniaxial rotational model of the methyl groups around the C(3)-axis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bordallo, H. N.] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Rols, S.; Herwig, K. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rols, S.; Barthes, M.] Univ Montpellier 2, GPDC, F-34905 Montpellier 5, France. RP Bordallo, HN (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM bordallo@hmi.de RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012; ROLS, Stephane/A-1609-2013 OI Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553; ROLS, Stephane/0000-0002-9892-816X FU US DOE [W-31-109-Eng-38, DE-AC05-960R22464] FX This work has benefited from the use of IPNS at ANL, funded by the US DOE Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. KWH wishes to thank the support of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-960R22464. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E587 EP E589 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.157 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900146 ER PT J AU Sakai, K Adachi, T Oku, T Ikeda, K Morishima, T Shimizu, HM Fusrusaka, M Ino, T Sato, S Kiyanagi, Y Sakamoto, N Sakuma, T Suzuki, J Listtrell, K Loong, CK Goyette, R AF Sakai, K. Adachi, T. Oku, T. Ikeda, K. Morishima, T. Shimizu, H. M. Fusrusaka, M. Ino, T. Sato, S. Kiyanagi, Y. Sakamoto, N. Sakuma, T. Suzuki, J. Listtrell, K. Loong, C. -K. Goyette, R. TI Recent development of position-sensitive neutron detectors employing wavelength-shifting cross-fiber SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Position-sensitive neutron detector; WLS crossing-fiber; Dynode encoding AB For evaluating neutron optical devices, we have designed and tested two-dimensional position-sensitive neutron detectors (PSND) which employ two wavelength-shifting fiber arrays optically coupled to a scintillator plate. Feasibility on applications of the PSND having a 50 x 50 mm(2) sensitive area and a pixel size of 0.4 x 0.4 mm(2) has been tested at pulsed neutron sources. While, for realizing the large sensitive area, another PSND having a 128 x 128 mm(2) sensitive area and a 0.5 x 0.5 mm(2) pixel size with a dynode coding technique were developed and tested. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sakai, K.; Adachi, T.; Ikeda, K.; Morishima, T.; Shimizu, H. M.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Oku, T.; Suzuki, J.] Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Fusrusaka, M.; Ino, T.; Sato, S.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Kiyanagi, Y.; Sakamoto, N.; Sakuma, T.] Hokkaido Univ, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. [Listtrell, K.; Loong, C. -K.; Goyette, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sakai, K.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Sakai, K (reprint author), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM sakai@yap.nucl.ap.titech.ac.jp RI Kiyanagi, Yoshiaki/D-7132-2012; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese Government FX This work was performed under the support of the Special Coordination Funds for promoting from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese Government. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E841 EP E844 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.218 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900208 ER PT J AU Stunault, A Wildes, AR Ronnow, HM Roux, S Anderson, I AF Stunault, A. Wildes, A. R. Ronnow, H. M. Roux, S. Anderson, I. TI Performances of a new focusing supermirror guide on IN14 SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Neutron optics AB A new focusing supermirror guide has been designed for the IN14 three-axis spectrometer at ILL. The guide is made of four sections, tangent to an ideal parabolic shape. Commissioning on the instrument has shown a gain of 2 to 5, for k(i) between 2.662 and 1.05 angstrom(-1), on a 1 cm(2) section at sample position. The energy resolution is unchanged, compared to the instrument with relaxed collimation. Although the Q-resolution is degraded, it is shown that this setup is perfectly convenient for the study of non-dispersive excitations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stunault, A.; Wildes, A. R.; Roux, S.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Ronnow, H. M.] NEC Res Inst, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Anderson, I.] Expt Facil Div, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Stunault, A (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz,BP 156X, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM stunault@ill.fr OI Ronnow, Henrik M./0000-0002-8832-8865 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E683 EP E686 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.264 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900170 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Dong, SL Kolesnikov, AI Zhang, P Li, JC AF Wang, Y. Dong, S. L. Kolesnikov, A. I. Zhang, P. Li, J. C. TI Muon-spin-relaxation studies of high pressure phases of ices SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Muon spin relaxation; Proton dynamics; Ice AB Positive muon-spin-relaxation (mu SR) has been used to investigate the evolution of spin dynamics in different high-pressure ice phases (e. g. ice-II, ice-VI, ice-VIII and high density amorphous ice) over the temperature range from 5 to 260 K with zero field and a fixed transverse magnetic field of 20 G. The results show that when a high external transverse field is applied to ices, the transverse spin relaxation rate is about 5 times smaller than that at the zero field. The temperature dependencies of the initial muon asymmetry spectra clearly show the phase transition and the muon site/state change in the all high-pressure ice phase (H(2)O and D(2)O) on heating to about 140 K. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Y.; Kolesnikov, A. I.; Zhang, P.; Li, J. C.] Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. [Dong, S. L.] Ocean Univ Qingdao, Dept Phys, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Kolesnikov, A. I.] Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, P.; Li, J. C.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Li, JC (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Dept Phys, POB 88, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. EM j.c.li@umist.ac.uk RI Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E451 EP E454 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.118 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900112 ER PT J AU Woo, H Zaliznyak, I Perring, TG Broholm, C Frost, C Takagi, H AF Woo, Hyungje Zaliznyak, Igor Perring, Toby G. Broholm, Collin Frost, Christopher Takagi, Hidenori TI Spinons in a strongly correlated copper oxide chain SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Spinon; 1D chain; Spin-charge separation; Inelastic neutron scattering AB Inelastic neutron scattering data from the spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains in the copper oxide SrCuO(2) reveal high-energy magnetic excitations to at least 0.6 eV. The magnetic scattering intensity is well-described by the Muller ansatz expression for the two-spinon continuum for the S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain. The nearest-neighbour exchange constant is measured to be J = 226 +/- 12 meV, corresponding to the peak of the lower bound of the two-spinon continuum being 355 +/- 19 meV. The peak of the upper bound, equivalent to pi J congruent to 0.71 eV, is close to the charge excitation energy 0.75 eV. Our results indicate that the spin excitations are unaffected by the proximity in energy of charge excitations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Woo, Hyungje; Zaliznyak, Igor] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Woo, Hyungje; Perring, Toby G.; Frost, Christopher] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Takagi, Hidenori] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Takagi, Hidenori] CREST JST, Tokyo, Japan. RP Woo, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hwoo@bnl.gov RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255 FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH1088]; NSF [DMR-0306940] FX We thank D. T. Adroja, R. Coldea, F. Essler and J.M. Tranquada for useful discussions. This work was supported by DOE contract # DE-AC02-98CH1088 and by the NSF through DMR-0306940. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 350 IS 1-3 SU 1 BP E249 EP E252 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.03.062 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V16RY UT WOS:000207887900062 ER PT J AU Baurceanu, RM Dorris, SE Wiencek, T Ma, B Koritala, RE Maroni, VA Venkataraman, K Mika, M Balachandran, U AF Baurceanu, RM Dorris, SE Wiencek, T Ma, B Koritala, RE Maroni, VA Venkataraman, K Mika, M Balachandran, U TI Optimum copper content of silver for YBa2CU3O7-delta (YBCO) coated conductors SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO.; thin films; Ag-Cu substrates; pulsed laser deposition ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; C-AXIS; GROWTH; SUBSTRATE; TEMPERATURE; DISORDER AB Several Ag-Cu alloys (0-0.25 at.% Cu) were studied as potential substrates for the direct pulsed laser deposition of YBCO without intermediate buffer layer. The microstructural characteristics of films and substrates were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, whereas the superconducting properties of the films were determined by inductive and transport methods. The properties of the YBCO films were significantly influenced by small concentrations of Cu in the substrate; YBCO films on a substrate with 0.2 at.% Cu exhibited the best superconducting properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baurceanu, RM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,EL 212,G-225, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM baurceanu@anl.gov RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 406 IS 3-4 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.04.003 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 833YX UT WOS:000222378800006 ER PT J AU Timchalk, C AF Timchalk, C TI Comparative inter-species pharmacokinetics of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides and related organic acids Evidence that the dog is not a relevant species for evaluation of human health risk SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE relevance of dog; pharmacokinetics; phenoxyacetic acid herbicides; allometric scaling ID 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; 2,4-D; RATS; TRANSPORT; 2,4,5-T; FATE; MCPA; DISPOSITION; ELIMINATION AB Phenoxyacetic acids including 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) are widely utilized organic acid herbicides that have undergone extensive toxicity and pharmacokinetic analyses. The dog is particularly susceptible to the toxicity of phenoxyacetic acids and related organic acids relative to other species. Active renal clearance mechanisms for organic acids are ubiquitous in mammalian species, and thus a likely mechanism responsible for the increased sensitivity of the dog to these agents is linked to a lower capacity to secrete organic acids from the kidney. Using published data describing the pharmacokinetics of phenoxyacetic and structurally related organic acids in a variety of species including humans, inter-species comparative pharmacokinetics were evaluated using allometic parameter scaling. For both 2,4-D and MCPA, the dog plasma half-life (t(1/2)) and renal clearance (Clr; mL/h) rates did not scale as a function of body weight across species; whereas for all other species evaluated, including humans, these pharmacokinetic parameters reasonably scaled. This exceptional response in the dog is clearly illustrated by comparing the plasma t(1/2) at comparable doses of 2,4-D and MCPA, across several species. At a dosage of 5 mg/kg, in dogs, the plasma t(1/2) for 2,4-D and MCPA were similar to92-106 and 63 h, respectively, which is substantially longer than in the rat (similar to1 and 6 h, respectively) or in humans (12 and 11 h, respectively). This longer t(1/2), and slower elimination in the dog, results in substantially higher body burdens of these organic acids, at comparable doses, relative to other species. Although these results indicate the important role of renal transport clearance mechanisms as determinants of the clearance and potential toxicity outcomes of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides across several species, other contributing mechanisms such as reabsorption from the renal tubules is highly likely. These findings suggest that for new structurally similar organic acids, a limited comparative species (rat versus dog) pharmacokinetic analysis early in the toxicology evaluation process may provide important insight into the relevance of the dog. In summary, the substantial difference between the pharmacokinetics of phenoxyacetic acids and related organic acids in dogs relative to other species, including humans, questions the relevance of using dog toxicity data for the extrapolation of human health risk. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Ctr BIol Monitoring & Modeling, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Timchalk, C (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Ctr BIol Monitoring & Modeling, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charies.timchalk@pnl.gov NR 51 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 15 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.03.005 PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 826IA UT WOS:000221821600001 PM 15158559 ER PT J AU Liu, GK Chen, XY Edelstein, NM Reid, MF Huang, J AF Liu, GK Chen, XY Edelstein, NM Reid, MF Huang, J TI Analysis of f-element multiphonon vibronic spectra SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on F-Elements (ICFE-5) CY AUG 24-29, 2003 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Univ Geneva, Fac Sci, Chem Sect, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Off Sci & Technol, COST D18 Symp, Amer Chem Soc, European Rare Earth & Actinide Soc, Firmenich R&D Div, Fdn Helene & Victor Barbour, Swiss Chem Soc, Rolex, Soc Chim Geneve, Treibacher Ind AG, Rhodia Elect & Catalysis, Schering AG, Fdn Boninchi DE ion-phonon interaction; f-d transition; vibronic transition; Pa4+ in Cs2ZrCl6; Ce3+ in Cs2NaYCl6 ID RARE-EARTH IONS; ALKALI HALIDES; CRYSTAL; INTENSITIES; ABSORPTION; FLUORESCENCE; TRANSITIONS; ELECTRON AB Theoretical modeling of multi-phonon vibronic spectra is presented based on the Huang-Rhys theory of ion-phonon interaction in a single-mode lattice. The single-mode spectral function is modified for applications to vibronic spectra involving multiple vibrational modes. It is shown that, for lanthanide and actinide ions in crystals, f-d electronic transitions exhibit two types of vibronic couplings. One type of vibronic coupling to local and pseudo-local modes obeys Frank-Condon selection rules and has a sharp line width, whereas in the second type of vibronic coupling electronic transitions couple to lattice modes in which selectivity is absent, thus forming a broad vibronic band. The model calculation reproduces very well the experimental spectra of 5f-6d transitions of Pa4+ in Cs2ZrCl6 and 4f-5d transitions of Ce3+ in Cs2NaYCl6. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & Astron, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gkliu@anl.gov RI Chen, Xueyuan/C-5613-2012; OI Chen, Xueyuan/0000-0003-0493-839X; Reid, Michael/0000-0002-2984-9951 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 374 IS 1-2 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.11.109 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 831CD UT WOS:000222169600056 ER PT J AU Hay, BP Firman, TK Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Garza, PA Sinkov, SI Hutchison, JE Parks, BW Gilbertson, RD Weakley, TJR AF Hay, BP Firman, TK Lumetta, GJ Rapko, BM Garza, PA Sinkov, SI Hutchison, JE Parks, BW Gilbertson, RD Weakley, TJR TI Toward the computer-aided design of metal ion sequestering agents SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on F-Elements (ICFE-5) CY AUG 24-29, 2003 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Univ Geneva, Fac Sci, Chem Sect, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Swiss Off Sci & Technol, COST D18 Symp, Amer Chem Soc, European Rare Earth & Actinide Soc, Firmenich R&D Div, Fdn Helene & Victor Barbour, Swiss Chem Soc, Rolex, Soc Chim Geneve, Treibacher Ind AG, Rhodia Elect & Catalysis, Schering AG, Fdn Boninchi DE computer-aided design; molecular modeling; metal ion; chelate; ligand ID STRUCTURAL CRITERIA; SELECTIVE LIGANDS; RATIONAL DESIGN; BINDING-AFFINITY; COMPLEXATION; N,N,N',N'-TETRAMETHYLMALONAMIDE; STABILITY; CATIONS AB The concepts embodied in de novo structure-based drug design are being adapted for the computer-aided design of metal ion sequestering agents. This adaptation requires the development of methods for (i) generating candidate structures and (ii) evaluating and prioritizing these structures with respect to their binding affinity for a specific guest. This article summarizes recent progress in this area that includes the creation of a new computer software program, called HostDesigner, that can generate and evaluate millions of new molecular structures per minute on a desktop personal computer. Several methods for evaluating the degree of binding site organization in a host structure are presented. An example is provided to demonstrate how these methods have been used to identify ligand architectures that provide enhanced metal ion binding affinity. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Hay, BP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ben.hay@pnl.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 374 IS 1-2 BP 416 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.11.049 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 831CD UT WOS:000222169600094 ER PT J AU Molinie, G Jacobson, AR AF Molinie, G Jacobson, AR TI Cloud-to-ground lightning and cloud top brightness temperature over the contiguous United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE cloud-to-ground lightning; cloud-to-temperature; statistical study over the CONUS ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; DETECTION NETWORK; FLASH DENSITY; THUNDERSTORM; STORM; PRECIPITATION; CHARGE; MODEL; ELECTRIFICATION; THUNDERCLOUDS AB [1] This study analyzes cloud top brightness temperature (CTBT) and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning stroke densities over the continental United States from May to October 1999. The good coverage of the study period and the large number of colocated stroke densities and CTBTs provide robust statistics. Prior studies have reported nonlinear lightning flash rate increase with cloud depth. In this work, some support is found for such relationships, in the particular case of CG strokes. The likelihood of CG stroke occurrence and of high CG stroke density is higher if CTBTs are among the coldest. However, a monthly and regional analysis of CTBT/stroke density correspondences reveals quasi-constant overall stroke densities for CTBTs warmer than about -55degreesC ( most of the CTBT/ stroke density samples). Overall stroke densities increase as CTBT decreases only for CTBTs colder than about -55degreesC. This is consistent with a statistical but not instantaneous lightning flash rate/cloud depth relationship. Thus the number of +/- CG strokes per CG-producing cloud top surface area per hour, integrated over monthly periods in each geographical region, is approximately constant versus time depending only on the region. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Molinie, G (reprint author), Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Aerol, 14 Ave Ed Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM molg@aero.obs-mip.fr; ajacobson@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D13 AR D13106 DI 10.1029/2003JD003593 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839PS UT WOS:000222797600001 ER PT J AU Mason, DR Rudd, RE Sutton, AP AF Mason, DR Rudd, RE Sutton, AP TI Atomistic modelling of diffusional phase transformations with elastic strain SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID AL-CU ALLOYS; ALUMINUM-COPPER ALLOYS; FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; ELLIPSOIDAL INCLUSION; TRACE ADDITIONS; PRECIPITATION; EQUILIBRIUM; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS AB Phase transformations in 2xxx series aluminium alloys (Al-Cu-Mg) are investigated with an off-lattice atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo simulation incorporating the effects of strain around misfitting atoms and vacancies. Atomic interactions are modelled by Finnis-Sinclair potentials constructed for these simulations. Vacancy diffusion is modelled by comparing the energies of trial states, where the system is partially relaxed for each trial state. No special requirements are made about the description of atomic interactions, making our approach suitable for more fundamentally based models such as tight binding if sufficient computational resources are available. Only a limited precision is required for the energy of each trial state, determined by the value of k(B)T. Since the change in the relaxation displacement field caused by a vacancy hop decays as 1/r(3), it is sufficient to determine the next move by relaxing only those atoms in a sphere of finite radius centred on the moving vacancy. However, once the next move has been selected, the entire system is relaxed. Simulations of the early stages of phase separation in Al-Cu with elastic relaxation show an enhanced rate of clustering compared to those performed on the same system with a rigid lattice. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Aalto Univ, Lab Computat Engn, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. RP Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. EM daniel.mason@materials.ox.ac.uk RI Mason, Daniel/B-5236-2011 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 27 BP S2679 EP S2697 AR PII S0953-8984(04)71492-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/27/007 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 843ED UT WOS:000223057900008 ER PT J AU Stanek, CR Bradford, MR Grimes, RW AF Stanek, CR Bradford, MR Grimes, RW TI Segregation of Ba2+, Sr2+, Ce4+ and Zr4+ to UO2 surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID FISSION-PRODUCTS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CALCIUM SEGREGATION; FORMATION ENERGIES; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; URANIUM-DIOXIDE; IONIC-CRYSTAL; STABILITY; MGO; BOUNDARIES AB Segregation of the cation substitution defects Ba2+, Sr2+, Ce4+ and Zr4+ to the stable low index surfaces of UO2 has been predicted using atomistic simulation techniques. While Ce4+ and Zr4+ substitute simply for U4+, charge compensation in the form of oxygen vacancies is required in the case of Ba2+ and Sr2+. Three surfaces are considered: (110), (111) and (100). Although the (111) and (110) are perfect cleaved surfaces, the (100) necessarily incorporates a series of surface defects to neutralize the inherent dipole. The segregation energies of these cations depend strongly on the surface to which the segregation is proceeding. Furthermore, it is also a function of the orientation of the segregating defect cluster with respect to the surface and, in the case of the (100) dipolar surface, the configuration of the surface defects. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. British Energy Generat Ltd, Barnwood GL4 3RS, Glos, England. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM r.grimes@imperial.ac.uk NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 27 BP S2699 EP S2714 AR PII S0953-8984(04)72316-4 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/27/008 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 843ED UT WOS:000223057900009 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Yang, X Fu, YJ Wang, XB Wang, LS AF Zhai, HJ Yang, X Fu, YJ Wang, XB Wang, LS TI Sequential oxidation of the cubane [4Fe-4S] cluster from [4Fe-4S](-) to [4Fe-4S](3+) in Fe4S4Ln- complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGED ANIONS; ACTIVE-SITES; FE; DELOCALIZATION; RUBREDOXIN; REACTIVITY; PROTEINS AB Gaseous Fe4Sn- (n = 4-6) clusters and synthetic analogue complexes, Fe4S4Ln- (L = Cl, Br, I; n = 1-4), were produced by laser vaporization of a solid Fe/S target and electrospray from solution samples, respectively, and their electronic structures were probed by photoelectron spectroscopy. Low binding energy features derived from minority-spin Fe 3d electrons were clearly distinguished from S-derived bands. We showed that the electronic structure of the simplest Fe4S4- cubane cluster can be described by the two-layer spin-coupling model previously developed for the [4Fe] cubane analogues. The photoelectron data revealed that each extra S atom in Fe4S5- and Fe4S6- removes two minority-spin Fe 3d electrons from the [4Fe-4S] cubane core and each halogen ligand removes one Fe 3d electron from the cubane core in the Fe4S4Ln- complexes, clearly revealing a behavior of sequential oxidation of the cubane over five formal oxidation states: [4Fe-4S](-) --> [4Fe-4S](0) --> [4Fe-4S](+) --> [4Fe-4S](2+) --> [4Fe-4S](3+). The current work shows the electron-storage capability of the [4Fe-4S] cubane, contributes to the understanding of its electronic structure, and further demonstrates the robustness of the cubane as a structural unit and electron-transfer center. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-63555] NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 27 BP 8413 EP 8420 DI 10.1021/ja0498437 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 837EZ UT WOS:000222612600026 PM 15237997 ER PT J AU Song, J Cisar, JS Bertozzi, CR AF Song, J Cisar, JS Bertozzi, CR TI Functional self-assembling bolaamphiphilic polydiacetylenes as colorimetric sensor scaffolds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CHROMATIC TRANSITION; CONJUGATED POLYMER; FILMS; VESICLES; ACID; COLOR; THERMOCHROMISM; RECOGNITION; MONOLAYERS; MORPHOLOGY AB Conjugated polymers capable of responding to external stimuli by changes in optical, electrical, or electrochemical properties can be used for the construction of direct sensing devices. Polydiacetylene-based systems are attractive for sensing applications due to their colorimetric response to changes in the local environment. Here we present the design, preparation, and characterization of self-assembling functional bolaamphiphilic polydiacetylenes (BPDAs) inspired by nature's strategy for membrane stabilization. We show that by placing polar headgroups on both ends of the diacetylene lipids in a transmembranic fashion and by altering the chemical nature of the polar surface residues, the conjugated polymers can be engineered to display a range of radiation-, thermal-, and pH-induced colorimetric responses. We observed dramatic nanoscopic morphological transformations accompanying charge-induced chromatic transitions, suggesting that both side-chain disordering and main-chain rearrangement play important roles in altering the effective conjugation lengths of the poly(ene-yne). These results establish the foundation for further development of BPDA-based colorimetric sensors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jsong@lbl.gov; crb@berkeley.edu RI cisar, justin/C-4002-2012 NR 35 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 27 BP 8459 EP 8465 DI 10.1021/ja039825+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 837EZ UT WOS:000222612600032 PM 15238003 ER PT J AU Song, Z Cai, TH Hanson, JC Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J AF Song, Z Cai, TH Hanson, JC Rodriguez, JA Hrbek, J TI Structure and reactivity of Ru nanoparticles supported on modified graphite surfaces: A study of the model catalysts for ammonia synthesis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS; DISSOCIATIVE ADSORPTION; BARIUM; RU(0001); KINETICS; N-2; SPECTROSCOPY; ACTIVATION; MICROSCOPY; POTASSIUM AB Supported ruthenium metal catalysts have higher activity than traditional iron-based catalysts used industrially for ammonia synthesis. A study of a model Ru/C catalyst was carried out to advance the understanding of structure and reactivity correlations in this structure-sensitive reaction where dinitrogen dissociation is the rate-limiting step. Ru particles were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) via a Ru-3(CO)(12) precursor on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface modified with one-atomic-layer-deep holes mimicking activated carbon support. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to investigate the growth, structure, and morphology of the Ru particles. Thermal desorption of dissociatively adsorbed nitrogen has been used to evaluate the reactivity of the Ru/HOPG model catalysts. Two different Ru particle structures with different reactivities to N-2 dissociation have been identified. The initial sticking coefficient for N2 dissociative adsorption on the Ru/HOPG model catalysts is similar to10(-6), 4 orders larger compared to that of Ru single-crystal surfaces. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hrbek, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hrbek@bnl.gov RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 29 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 10 U2 62 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 27 BP 8576 EP 8584 DI 10.1021/ja031718s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 837EZ UT WOS:000222612600046 PM 15238017 ER PT J AU Ding, SY Rumbles, G Jones, M Tucker, MP Nedeljkovic, J Simon, MN Wall, JS Himmel, ME AF Ding, SY Rumbles, G Jones, M Tucker, MP Nedeljkovic, J Simon, MN Wall, JS Himmel, ME TI Bioconjugation of (CdSe)ZnS quantum dots using a genetically engineered multiple polyhistidine tagged cohesin/dockerin protein polymer SO MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE HPSEC; photoluminescence; polyhistidine tag; protein polymers; quantum dots ID CDSE; SCAFFOLDIN AB We have constructed bioconjugates consisting of genetically modified cohesin/dockerin protein polymers combined with (CdSe)ZnS colloidal quantum dots. This recombinant protein contains fusions of Clostridium. thermo-cellum cellulosomal cohesin and dockerin domains and a C-terminal 6 x -histidine tag. These unique cohesin/dockerin monomeric building blocks (ca. 60 kDa) were allowed to self-assemble, yielding oligomers and polymers, which were subsequently characterized by high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The C-terminal 6 x -His tags from each monomer facilitate binding to the quantum dot surface chemistry while mix the protein polymers with water-soluble QDs at neutral pH. Using HPSEC, we were able to fractionate the reaction mixture into two major distributions of bioconjugate species. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) were employed to characterize the components from these chromatographic fractions. The fraction containing the larger bioconjugates contained clusters of quantum dots surrounded by protein polymers with an estimated radius of 190 30 A and an apparent molecular weight of 8 000 3 000 kDa. The STEM images from the fraction containing the smaller species were amenable to detailed analysis and graphical simulation that revealed species containing one, two, or three quantum dots surrounded by 10, 15, or 18 protein monomers, respectively. Our data demonstrate strong binding coefficients not only between the protein monomers to form polymers, but also with the (CdSe)ZnS colloidal quantum dots and thus provides a method of producing stable, water-soluble luminescent quantum dot bioconjugates. PL spectroscopic analysis shows that the samples from both chromatographic fractions have strong excitonic emission with a peak at ca. 2.2 eV (562 nm). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Basic Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mike_himmel@nrel.gov RI Jones, Marcus/B-3291-2008; Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013 OI Jones, Marcus/0000-0001-9912-1168; NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7492 J9 MACROMOL MATER ENG JI Macromol. Mater. Eng. PD JUL 14 PY 2004 VL 289 IS 7 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.1002/mame.200400081 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 841DD UT WOS:000222908600002 ER PT J AU Casey, OM Fitzpatrick, R McInerney, JO Morris, DG Powell, R Sreenan, JM AF Casey, OM Fitzpatrick, R McInerney, JO Morris, DG Powell, R Sreenan, JM TI Analysis of gene expression in the bovine corpus luteum through generation and characterisation of 960 ESTs SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE bovine (Bos taurus); Corpus luteum; expressed sequence tag; bioinformatics; northern blot ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; MAMMARY-GLAND EST; SEQUENCE TAGS; CORPORA-LUTEA; ESTROUS-CYCLE; CDNA LIBRARY; IGF-I; GROWTH; CATTLE; PROTEIN AB To gain new insights into gene identity and gene expression in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) a directionally cloned CL cDNA library was constructed, screened with a total CL cDNA probe and clones representing abundant and rare mRNA transcripts isolated. The 5' - terminal DNA sequence of 960 cDNA clones, composed of 192 abundant and 768 rare mRNA transcripts was determined and clustered into 351 non-redundant expressed sequence tag (EST) groups. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that 309 (88%) of the ESTs showed significant homology to existing sequences in the protein and nucleotide public databases. Several previously unidentified bovine genes encoding proteins associated with key aspects of CL function including extracellular matrix remodelling, lipid metabolism/steroid biosynthesis and apoptosis, were identified. Forty-two (12%) of the ESTs showed homology with human or with other uncharacterised ESTs, some of these were abundantly expressed and may therefore play an important role in primary CL function. Tissue-specificity and temporal CL gene expression of selected clones previously unidentified in bovine CL tissue was also examined. The most interesting finds indicated that mRNA encoding squalene epoxidase was constitutively expressed in CL tissue throughout the oestrous cycle and 7-fold down-regulated (P < 0.05) in late luteal tissue, concomitant with the disappearance of systemic progesterone, suggesting that de novo cholesterol biosynthesis plays an important role in steroidogenesis. The mRNA encoding the growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1), remained constant during the oestrous cycle and was 1.8-fold up-regulated (P < 0.05) in late luteal tissue implying a role in CL regression. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 TEAGASC, Agr & Food Dev Author, Anim Reprod Dept, Galway, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Microbiol, Galway, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Biol, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. RP Fitzpatrick, R (reprint author), TEAGASC, Agr & Food Dev Author, Anim Reprod Dept, Galway, Ireland. EM rfitzpatrick@athenry.teagasc.ie RI McInerney, James/B-5108-2012 OI McInerney, James/0000-0003-1885-2503 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD JUL 13 PY 2004 VL 1679 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2004.03.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 839XS UT WOS:000222818900002 PM 15245912 ER PT J AU Xu, ZP Braterman, PS Yu, K Xu, HF Wang, YF Brinker, CJ AF Xu, ZP Braterman, PS Yu, K Xu, HF Wang, YF Brinker, CJ TI Unusual hydrocarbon chain packing mode and modification of crystallite growth habit in the self-assembled nanocomposites zinc-aluminum-hydroxide oleate and elaidate (cis- and trans-[Zn2Al(OH)(6)(CH3(CH2)(7)CH=CH(CH2)(7)COO-)] and magnesium analogues SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; INTERCALATION; HYDROTALCITES; INTERLAYERS; STABILITY; ACIDS; MG AB We report a novel packing mode specific to the cis unsaturated hydrocarbon chain in the title compound, a self-assembled layered double hydroxide - surfactant hybrid nanomaterial, and its influence on crystallite morphology and structure. The kink imposed by the cis double bond in oleate leads to partial overlap between chains on adjacent layers, with incomplete space filling, in contrast to the more usual (and more efficient) mono- and bilayer packings exhibited by the trans analogues. Incorporation of surfactant into the growing crystallite leads to a reversal of the usual LDH growth habit and results in crystallite shapes featuring ribbonlike sheets. The thermal decomposition behavior of the as-prepared organic/inorganic nanocomposites in air and N-2 is described. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Braterman, PS (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, POB 305070, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM psb@unt.edu RI Xu, Zhi Ping/G-4987-2011; ye, bin/K-7828-2012; 牛, 开心/C-3081-2014 NR 29 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUL 13 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 14 BP 2750 EP 2756 DI 10.1021/cm0497529 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 836JA UT WOS:000222550600012 ER PT J AU Sun, XG Kerr, JB Reeder, CL Liu, G Han, YB AF Sun, XG Kerr, JB Reeder, CL Liu, G Han, YB TI Network single ion conductors based on comb-branched polyepoxide ethers and lithium bis(allylmalonato)borate SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); SOLID ELECTROLYTES; SULFONATE GROUPS; CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT; COMPLEXES; POLYELECTROLYTES; CHAINS; SALTS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kerr, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbkerr@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 13 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 14 BP 5133 EP 5135 DI 10.1021/ma049331c PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 836QQ UT WOS:000222571000001 ER PT J AU Rottach, DR Curro, JG Grest, GS Thompson, AP AF Rottach, DR Curro, JG Grest, GS Thompson, AP TI Effect of strain history on stress and permanent set in cross-linking networks: A molecular dynamics study SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LINKED POLYMER NETWORKS; RUBBER ELASTICITY; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; RELAXATION; MODEL; ELASTOMERS; MELTS; DEFORMATION; CONSTRAINTS AB Polymer networks undergoing cross-linking reactions are studied using molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how the stress is influenced by the coupling between cross-linking and deformation. For networks cross-linked in the undeformed state, the modulus increases linearly with the cross-link density as expected from rubber elasticity theory. When cross-links are added to a network that was uniaxially deformed, the stress remains constant in accordance with the independent network hypothesis of Tobolsky. When the deformed network is subsequently released, permanent set is observed. Using the independent network hypothesis, together with the affine theory of rubber elasticity, a constitutive model is developed that accounts for the effect of the coupling between the cross-link density and strain histories of the network. The permanent set predictions from the affine model are higher than found from MD simulations. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Curro, JG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Rottach, Dana/E-8350-2010 OI Rottach, Dana/0000-0003-0459-5980 NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 13 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 14 BP 5468 EP 5473 DI 10.1021/ma049723j PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 836QQ UT WOS:000222571000043 ER PT J AU Heilmann, I Pidkowich, MS Girke, T Shanklin, J AF Heilmann, I Pidkowich, MS Girke, T Shanklin, J TI Switching desaturase enzyme specificity by alternate subcellular targeting SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE diiron; enzyme evolution; regiospecificity; compartmentation; FADS ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FATTY-ACIDS; OLEATE 12-HYDROXYLASE; DELTA(9) DESATURASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEINS; GENE; LOCALIZATION; LIPIDS AB The functionality, substrate specificity, and regiospecificity of enzymes typically evolve by the accumulation of mutations in the catalytic portion of the enzyme until new properties arise. However, emerging evidence suggests enzyme functionality can also be influenced by metabolic context. When the plastidial Arabidopsis 16:ODelta(7) clesaturase FADS (ADS3) was retargeted to the cytoplasm, regiospecificity shifted 70-fold, Delta7 to Delta9. Conversely, retargeting of two related cytoplasmic 16:0Delta(9) Arabidopsis desaturases (ADS1 and ADS2) to the plastid, shifted regiospecificity approximate to25-fold, Delta(9) to Delta(7). All three desaturases exhibited Delta9 regiospecificity when expressed in yeast, with desaturated products found predominantly on phosphaticlylcholine. Coexpression of each enzyme with cucumber monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase in yeast conferred Delta7 clesaturation, with 16:1Delta(7) accumulating specifically on the plastidial lipid MGDG. Positional analysis is consistent with ADS clesaturation of 16:0 on MGDG. The lipid headgroup acts as a molecular switch for clesaturase regiospecificity. FADS Delta(7) regiospecificity is thus attributable to plastidial retargeting of the enzyme by addition of a transit peptide to a cytoplasmic Delta(9) clesaturase rather than the numerous sequence differences within the catalytic portion of ADS enzymes. The MGDG-dependent desaturase activity enabled plants to synthesize 16:1Delta(7) and its abundant metabolite, 16:3Delta(7,10,13). Bioinformatics analysis of the Arabidopsis genome identified 239 protein families that contain members predicted to reside in different subcellular compartments, suggesting alternative targeting is widespread. Alternative targeting of bifunctional or multifunctional enzymes can exploit eukaryotic subcellular organization to create metabolic diversity by permitting isozymes to interact with different substrates and thus create different products in alternate compartments. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM shanklin@bnl.gov NR 44 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 13 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 28 BP 10266 EP 10271 DI 10.1073/pnas.0402200101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 837TR UT WOS:000222664200006 PM 15240892 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Li, Y Lee, JS Lee, JK Nastasi, M Crooker, SA Jia, QX Kang, HS Kang, JS AF Lee, SY Li, Y Lee, JS Lee, JK Nastasi, M Crooker, SA Jia, QX Kang, HS Kang, JS TI Effects of chemical composition on the optical properties of Znl(1-x)Cd(x)O thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE ZNO; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPOSITION; PRESSURE AB Zn1-xCdxO thin films were deposited on (0001) sapphire substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. Structural and optical properties of Zn1-xCdxO films were strongly correlated to the processing conditions. The composition of the films varied nonmonotonically as a function of deposition temperatures due to the difference of vapor pressure between Cd and Zn species. The optical energy bandgap of Zn1-xCdxO thin films, measured by photoluminescence and transmittance, changed from 3.249 to 3.291 eV. The change of the optical properties was mainly attributed to the change of the stoichiometry of Zn1-xCdxO, as determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sylee@yonsei.ac.kr; qxjia@lanl.gov RI Lee, Jang-Sik/A-6629-2008; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Lee, Jang-Sik/0000-0002-1096-1783; NR 14 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 218 EP 220 DI 10.1063/1.1771810 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 839KP UT WOS:000222784300020 ER PT J AU Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Jasinski, J Liliental-Weber, Z Lu, H Schaff, WJ TI V-shaped inversiom domains in InN grown on c-plane sapphire SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MG-DOPED GAN; THIN-FILMS; EPITAXY; DEFECTS; LAYERS; CRYSTALS AB Inversion domains with-a V shape were found to nucleate inside a Mg-doped InN heteroepitaxial layer., They resemble Al-polarity domains, observed recently, in N-polarity AlN films. However, the angle between the sidewalls of the V-shaped domain and the c axis differs in these two cases. In InN, this angle is almost two times bigger than that reported for AlN. The origin of V-shaped inversion domains in InN film is not yet clear. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Jasinski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif, Merced, CA 95344 USA. EM jbjasinski@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 233 EP 235 DI 10.1063/1.1772863 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 839KP UT WOS:000222784300025 ER PT J AU Welp, U Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Menzel, A You, HD Liu, X Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T AF Welp, U Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Menzel, A You, HD Liu, X Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T TI Uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy of Ga1-xMnxAs SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; EPITAXY; GAAS; FE AB The anisotropic magnetic properties of a series of epitaxial Ga1-xMnxAs films with thicknesses ranging from 0.2 to 6.8 mum were investigated using magnetometry and x-ray diffraction. The films all show a distinct uniaxial contribution to the magnetic anisotropy along the in-plane [110] direction, whose relative importance increases with the temperature. The uniaxial anisotropy field is found to be essentially thickness independent, ruling out the possibility that this is an effect produced by a single surface or interface due to well-known surface reconstruction. Furthermore, even the very thick samples are found to be tetragonal and coherently strained to the GaAs substrate. Our results suggest that the uniaxial anisotropy arises from surface reconstruction induced preferential Mn incorporation occurring at every step of layer-by-layer growth and thus uniformly penetrates the entire sample. (C) 2004, American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM welp@anl.gov RI You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011; Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483; Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X; NR 21 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 260 EP 262 DI 10.1063/1.1771801 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 839KP UT WOS:000222784300034 ER PT J AU Tsui, S Baikalov, A Cmaidalka, J Sun, YY Wang, YQ Yue, YY Chu, CW Chen, L Jacobson, AJ AF Tsui, S Baikalov, A Cmaidalka, J Sun, YY Wang, YQ Yue, YY Chu, CW Chen, L Jacobson, AJ TI Field-induced resistive switching in metal-oxide interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-LIMITED CURRENTS; INSULATOR; MEMORY; FILMS; SURFACE AB We investigate the polarity-dependent field-induced resistive switching phenomenon driven by electric pulses in perovskite oxides. Our data show that the switching is a common occurrence restricted to an interfacial layer between a deposited metal electrode and the oxide. We determine through impedance spectroscopy that the interfacial layer is no thicker than 10 nm and that the switch is accompanied by a small capacitance increase associated with charge accumulation. Based on interfacial I-V characterization and measurement of the temperature dependence of the resistance, we propose that a field-created crystalline defect mechanism, which is controllable for devices, drives the switch. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Cuperconduct & Adv Mat, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Tsui, S (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston Sci Ctr 202, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM cwchu@uh.edu NR 15 TC 208 Z9 216 U1 4 U2 78 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 2 BP 317 EP 319 DI 10.1063/1.1768305 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 839KP UT WOS:000222784300053 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Manson, JL Hyzer, KA Geiser, U AF Schlueter, JA Manson, JL Hyzer, KA Geiser, U TI Spin canting in the 3D anionic dicyanamide structure (SPh3)Mn(dca)(3) (Ph=phenyl, dca=dicyanamide) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL SUPRAMOLECULAR MOTIFS; PHENYL EMBRACES; NETWORKS; MAGNETIZATION; CATIONS; CO; FERROMAGNETS; N(CN)(2)(-); MAGNETISM; COMPLEXES AB Through use of the SPh3+ (Ph = phenyl, C6H5) cation as a molecular template, a new three-dimensional Mn(dca)(3)(-) [dca = dicyanamide, N(CN)(2)(-)] anionic structure has been crystallized. At room temperature, (SPh3)Mn(dca)(3) (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 11.7079(5) Angstrom, b = 12.8554(5) Angstrom, c = 16.8605(6) Angstrom, beta = 100.666(2)degrees, and V= 2493.8(3) Angstrom(3). Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that this salt exhibits a spin canted long range antiferromagnetically ordered ground state below 2.5 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM JASchlueter@anl.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 14 BP 4100 EP 4102 DI 10.1021/ic035398p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 836FS UT WOS:000222541700001 PM 15236515 ER PT J AU Lemma, K Bakac, A AF Lemma, K Bakac, A TI Reduction and oxidation of hydroperoxo rhodium(III) complexes by halides and hypobromous acid SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; OXYGEN; KINETICS; INTERMEDIATE; HYDROLYSIS; BROMIDE; WATER AB Oxygen atom transfer from trans-L(H2O)RhOOH2+ {L = [14]aneN(4) (L-1), meso-Me-6[14]aneN(4) (L-2), and (NH3)(4)} to iodide takes place according to the rate law -d[L(H2O)RhOOH2+]/dt = k(i)[L(H2O)RhOOH2+][I-][H+]. At 0.10 M ionic strength and 25 degreesC, the rate constant k(l)/M-2 s(-1) has values of 8.8 x 10(3) [L = (NH3)(4)], 536 (L-1), and 530 (L-2). The final products are LRh(H2O)(2)(3+) and I-2/I-3(-). The (NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOOH2+/Br- reaction also exhibits mixed third-order kinetics with k(Br) approximate to 1.8 M-2 s(-1) at high concentrations of acid (close to 1 M) and bromide (close to 0.1 M) and an ionic strength of 1.0 M. Under these conditions, Br-2/Br-3(-) is produced in stoichiometric amounts. As the concentrations of acid and bromide decrease, the reaction begins to generate O-2 at the expense of Br-2, until the limit at which [H+] less than or equal to 0.10 M and [Br-] less than or equal to 0.010 M, when Br-2/Br-3(-) is no longer observed and O-2 is produced quantitatively. At this limit, the loss of (NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOOH2+ is about twice as fast as it is at the high [H+] and [Br-] extreme, and the stoichiometry is 2(NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOOH2+ --> 2(NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOH2+ + O-2; i.e., the reaction has turned into the bromide-catalyzed disproportionation of coordinated hydroperoxide. In the proposed mechanism, the hydrolysis of the initially formed Br-2 produces HOBr, the active oxidant for the second equivalent of (NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOOH2+. The rate constant k(HOBr) for the HOBr/(NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOOH2+ reaction is 2.9 x 10(8) M-1 s(-1). C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bakac@ameslab.gov NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 14 BP 4505 EP 4510 DI 10.1021/ic049819u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 836FS UT WOS:000222541700051 PM 15236565 ER PT J AU Stracher, GB Taylor, TP AF Stracher, GB Taylor, TP TI Coal fires burning out of control around the world: thermodynamic recipe for environmental catastrophe SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coal Fires Burning Around the World CY FEB 18, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Assoc Advancement Sci DE coal fires; coal gas; spontaneous combustion; pollution; acid rain; subsidence ID JHARIA COALFIELD; MINE FIRES; TM DATA; INDIA; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; AREA AB Coal fires burning around the world are an environmental catastrophe characterized by the emission of noxious gases, particulate matter, and condensation by-products. Underground mine fires and burning culm banks ignited by natural causes or human error are responsible for atmospheric pollution, acid rain, perilous land subsidence, the destruction of floral and faunal habitats, human fatalities, and increased coronary and respiratory diseases. Some of the oldest and largest coal fires in the world occur in China, the United States, and India. Techniques used to fight coal fires include slurry and ash injection, surface and tunnel sealing, aqueous foam technology, remote sensing, and computer software. Elusive, unpredictable, or cost prohibitive coal fires may burn indefinitely, choking the life out of a community and its environs while consuming a valuable natural resource. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Syst Georgia, E Georgia Coll, Div Sci & Math, Swainsboro, GA 30401 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stracher, GB (reprint author), Univ Syst Georgia, E Georgia Coll, Div Sci & Math, Swainsboro, GA 30401 USA. EM stracher@ega.edu NR 70 TC 160 Z9 175 U1 10 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2003.03.002 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 836EJ UT WOS:000222537900002 ER PT J AU Kim, AG AF Kim, AG TI Locating fires in abandoned underground coal mines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coal Fires Burning Around the World CY FEB 18, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Assoc Advancement Sci DE abandoned coal mines; underground fires; hydrocarbon desorption; mine fires AB A Mine Fire Diagnostic (MFD) Methodology was developed to determine the location and extent of combustion zones in abandoned underground coal mines. In this method, a characteristic fire signature is based on the ratio of higher molecular weight hydrocarbon gases (C-2 to C-5) to total hydrocarbon gas. Initially, gas samples are obtained at the bottom of boreholes under baseline or static conditions. A second set of samples is obtained when a suction fan is used to influence the direction of gas movement. Pressure data define the degree of communication between boreholes. The value of the diagnostic ratio under communication conditions is taken as a measure of subsurface fire activity related to a particular flow direction. Using a Venn diagram technique, the results are mapped as quadrants on a borehole map of the site. Repetition of the communication tests provides overlapping quadrants that define hot, cold, and indeterminate areas. The MFD has been used to distinguish hearted and cold subsurface areas at four mine fire sites. At each of the sites, the extent of the fire could not be inferred from surface evidence, and the location of combustion zones had a significant impact on plans to control the fire. Although the method is labor intensive and requires drilling cased boreholes, it is relatively simple and provides information that cannot be obtained by other methods. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Kim, AG (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM akim@netl.doe.gov NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2003.11.003 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 836EJ UT WOS:000222537900005 ER PT J AU Kim, AG AF Kim, AG TI Cryogenic injection to control a coal waste bank fire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Coal Fires Burning Around the World CY FEB 18, 2003 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Assoc Advancement Sci DE coal waste bank; subsurface fire; liquid nitrogen; carbon dioxide; cryogenics AB Cryogenic injection, a heat transfer method for extinguishing a subsurface fire, was tested at a bituminous coal waste bank in Midvale, OH. A slurry composed of CO2 particles in liquid N-2 at a temperature of -180degreesC, when injected into heated zones, absorbs heat. Conversion of the slurry to a gas creates a cold pressure front that forces heated combustion gases out of the bank. The waste bank had been burning for approximately 30 years. The 5000-m(2) (1.2 acre) site was characterized by a three-dimensional array of temperature measuring points. Temperatures were measured over a 30-month period, before during and after two tests of cryogenic injection. The amount of cryogenic slurry injected was insufficient to completely extinguish the fire, but evaluation of the temperature profiles indicated that it had cooled localized hot spots and promoted ambient cooling of the more widely disbursed heated areas within the bank. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Kim, AG (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM akim@netl.doe.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2003.08.009 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 836EJ UT WOS:000222537900006 ER PT J AU Richards, GA Berry, DA Freed, A AF Richards, GA Berry, DA Freed, A TI Analysis of a heat recirculating cooler for fuel gas sulfur removal in solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE heat recirculation; sulfur removal; fuel gas; fuel processing; fuel cell; reforming AB When using conventional fossil fuels, most fuel cell systems require sulfur removal as part of their fuel processing. A novel approach to enable conventional sulfur removal in high-temperature fuel processing is presented. Using established principles from heat-recirculating combustors, it is suggested that high-temperature syngas can be momentarily cooled to conditions that would permit conventional sulfur removal to be carried out at relatively low temperatures. The recirculated heat is then used to heat the gas back to conditions that are minimally less than the original temperature. A model for evaluating the performance of this concept is presented, and calculations suggest that relative to fuel cell applications, reasonable physical dimensions can be expected in actual applications. For high-pressure syngas (i.e., coal gasification), the physical dimensions will rise with the operating pressure. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. PLLC, REM Engn Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Richards, GA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM george.richards@netl.doe.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.030 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 836MG UT WOS:000222559300007 ER PT J AU Zaghib, K Charest, P Guerfi, A Shim, J Perrier, M Striebel, K AF Zaghib, K Charest, P Guerfi, A Shim, J Perrier, M Striebel, K TI Safe Li-ion polymer batteries for HEV applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE natural; graphite; LiFePO4; Li-ion battery; gel electrolyte; polymer; LiFSI AB The performance of natural graphite/PEO-based gel electrolyte/LiFePO4 cells (5 mAh, 4 cm(2)) is reported. The gel polymer electrolytes were produced by electron-beam irradiation and then soaked in a liquid electrolyte. The natural graphite anode in gel electrolyte containing lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)-EC + PC + DMC exhibited high reversible capacity (360 mAh/g) and high coulombic efficiency (91.6%). The LiFePO4 cathode in the same gel polymer exhibited a reversible capacity of 160 mAh/g and 92% coulombic efficiency. Better performance was obtained at high-rate discharge with 6% carbon additive (carbon and graphite) in the cathode. The Li-ion gel polymer battery shows a very low capacity fade of 1% after 100 cycles. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zaghib, K (reprint author), Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, 1800 Lionel Boulet, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. EM karimz@ireq.ca NR 7 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 8 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL 12 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 1 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 836MG UT WOS:000222559300016 ER PT J AU Ansari, R Auriere, M Baillon, P Coupinot, G Coutures, C Ghesquiere, C Giraud-Heraud, Y Gillieron, D Gondolo, P Hecquet, J Kaplan, J Kim, A Le Du, Y Melchior, AL Moniez, M Picat, JP Soucail, G AF Ansari, R Auriere, M Baillon, P Coupinot, G Coutures, C Ghesquiere, C Giraud-Heraud, Y Gillieron, D Gondolo, P Hecquet, J Kaplan, J Kim, A Le Du, Y Melchior, AL Moniez, M Picat, JP Soucail, G TI Variable stars towards the bulge of M 31: The AGAPE catalogue SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : M 31; cosmology : dark matter; stars : variables : general; stars : novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : variables : Cepheids; X-rays : stars ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; RAY POINT SOURCES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; ANDROMEDA GALAXY; II CEPHEIDS; LMC BAR; M31; NOVAE AB We present the AGAPE astrometric and photometric catalogue of 1579 variable stars in a 14' x 10' field centred on M 31. This work is the first survey devoted to variable stars in the bulge of M 31. The R magnitudes of the objects and the B - R colours suggest that our sample is dominated by red long-period variable stars (LPV), with a possible overlap with Cepheid-like type II stars. Fits of the light curves with sinusoids suggest that a large fraction of the stars correspond to periodic or semi-periodic objects with periods longer than 100 days. Twelve nova candidates are identified. Correlations with other catalogues suggest that 2 novae could be recurrent novae and provide possible optical counterparts for 2 supersoft X-ray sources candidates observed with Chandra. C1 CNRS, UMR 5572, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-65008 Tarbes, France. Univ Paris 11, Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Coll France, CNRS IN2P3, UMR 7550, F-75231 Paris 05, France. CEN Saclay, SPP, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. CNRS, UMR 5572, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Auriere, M (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 5572, Observ Midi Pyrenees, 57 Ave Azereix,BP 826, F-65008 Tarbes, France. EM michel.auriere@obs-mip.fr OI Gondolo, Paolo/0000-0002-8071-8535 NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 421 IS 2 BP 509 EP 518 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20035659 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840YY UT WOS:000222897700016 ER PT J AU Dou, YS Torralva, BR Allen, RE AF Dou, YS Torralva, BR Allen, RE TI Interplay of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in a femtosecond-scale photochemical reaction SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTENSE LASER-PULSES; DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION; BUTADIENE; FIELD AB The intricate dynamical processes in photochemical reactions are not fully accessible to either experiment or conventional theory. Here, we outline a technique for simulations in photochemistry, which employs classical trajectories for the nuclei moving in a mean field, with the electrons coupled to a laser pulse by the time-dependent Peierls substitution. We demonstrate that it provides an illuminating description of photoisomerization. One observes a nontrivial sequence of events which include multiple electronic excitations, conversion of double bonds to single bonds (and vice versa), nonadiabatic depopulation of excited levels at avoided crossings, vibrational energy redistribution, and an elegant interdependence of the various electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allen, RE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Mail Stop 4242, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM allen@tamu.edu NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 392 IS 4-6 BP 352 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.087 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 836JZ UT WOS:000222553100013 ER PT J AU Kobko, N Masunov, A Tretiak, S AF Kobko, N Masunov, A Tretiak, S TI Calculations of the third-order nonlinear optical responses in push-pull chromophores with a time-dependent density functional theory SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; DATA STORAGE; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; MICROSCOPY; DESIGN; FLUORESCENCE; RANGE AB The third-order resonant and static nonlinear optical polarizabilities of the donor-donor and donor-acceptor substituted pi conjugated molecules are calculated using the third-order response formalism in combination with time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TD-HF) and density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods. Performance of different levels of theory for excited state structure and nonlinear optical responses has been analyzed. Since the exact computations are fairly expensive, and only a few components of the cubic polarizability (corresponding to the Liouville space paths) are important, numerically efficient approximations are suggested. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tretiak, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov RI Masunov, Artem/A-1745-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Masunov, Artem/0000-0003-4924-3380; Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 392 IS 4-6 BP 444 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.078 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 836JZ UT WOS:000222553100028 ER PT J AU De Propris, R Colless, M Peacock, JA Couch, WJ Driver, SP Balogh, ML Baldry, IK Baugh, CM Bland-Hawthorn, J Bridges, T Cannon, R Cole, S Collins, C Cross, N Dalton, G Efstathiou, G Ellis, RS Frenk, CS Glazebrook, K Hawkins, E Jackson, C Lahav, O Lewis, I Lumsden, S Maddox, S Madgwick, D Norberg, P Percival, W Peterson, BA Sutherland, W Taylor, K AF De Propris, R Colless, M Peacock, JA Couch, WJ Driver, SP Balogh, ML Baldry, IK Baugh, CM Bland-Hawthorn, J Bridges, T Cannon, R Cole, S Collins, C Cross, N Dalton, G Efstathiou, G Ellis, RS Frenk, CS Glazebrook, K Hawkins, E Jackson, C Lahav, O Lewis, I Lumsden, S Maddox, S Madgwick, D Norberg, P Percival, W Peterson, BA Sutherland, W Taylor, K CA 2dFGRS Team TI The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the blue galaxy fraction and implications for the Butcher-Oemler effect SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; CLUSTER GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; SDSS; GRADIENTS AB We derive the fraction of blue galaxies in a sample of clusters at z < 0.11 and the general field at the same redshift. The value of the blue fraction is observed to depend on the luminosity limit adopted, cluster-centric radius and, more generally, local galaxy density, but it does not depend on cluster properties. Changes in the blue fraction are due to variations in the relative proportions of red and blue galaxies but the star formation rate for these two galaxy groups remains unchanged. Our results are most consistent with a model where the star formation rate declines rapidly and the blue galaxies tend to be dwarfs and do not favour mechanisms where the Butcher-Oemler effect is caused by processes specific to the cluster environment. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2111, Australia. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead L14 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ New S Wales, Dept Astrophys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91025 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21118 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Phys, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETH Honggerberg, HPF G3 1, ETHZ Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. Queens Univ, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP De Propris, R (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. EM propris@mso.anu.edu.au RI Baugh, Carlton/A-8482-2012; Jackson, Carole/K-1648-2013; Driver, Simon/H-9115-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Baugh, Carlton/0000-0002-9935-9755; Jackson, Carole/0000-0002-7089-8827; Driver, Simon/0000-0001-9491-7327; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Maddox, Stephen/0000-0001-5549-195X; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Colless, Matthew/0000-0001-9552-8075 NR 41 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07756.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 831GY UT WOS:000222184100017 ER PT J AU Tomascik-Cheeseman, LM Coleman, MA Marchetti, F Nelson, DO Kegelmeyer, LM Nath, J Wyrobek, AJ AF Tomascik-Cheeseman, LM Coleman, MA Marchetti, F Nelson, DO Kegelmeyer, LM Nath, J Wyrobek, AJ TI Differential basal expression of genes associated with stress response, damage control, and DNA repair among mouse tissues SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE gene expression; expression profiling; microarray ID MARKER PROTEIN-30 SMP30; HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; CDNA MICROARRAY; LONG-TERM; CARCINOGENESIS EXPERIMENTS; HUMAN CANCER; CD-1 MICE; IN-VIVO; APOPTOSIS; PATTERNS AB Efficient recognition and repair of DNA damage is essential for maintaining genomic integrity. Tissues and cell types within tissues appear to vary in both DNA damage susceptibilities and cancer incidences, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize the baseline transcription profiles of selected genes involved in DNA damage recognition and repair processes among several tissues of healthy adult B6C3F1 mice (testis, brain, liver, spleen and heart), which are routinely used by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) to conduct long-term chemical carcinogenicity studies. Stress response, damage control and DNA repair-associated genes were differentially expressed among the tissues examined. Overall, stress response genes exhibited the greatest variation among tissues with the highest expression in liver and heart while DNA repair genes exhibited the least variation. Damage control genes associated with cell cycle regulation and DNA repair genes generally had the highest expression in testis. The expression levels of several genes were rank correlated with the spontaneous cancer incidences among these tissues. Variations in basal expression of DNA damage recognition and repair-associated genes among healthy tissues may contribute to their differential response to genotoxic agents and susceptibility to genetic disease. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wyrobek1@llnl.gov OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867; Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09117, P4ZES04705] NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 561 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.02.011 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 840KS UT WOS:000222858100001 PM 15238225 ER PT J AU Weber, MJ AF Weber, MJ TI Scintillation: mechanisms and new crystals SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Imaging Technologies in Biomedical Sciences CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Athens, GREECE DE scintillation mechanisms; crystal scintillators; intrinsic scintillators; activated scintillators; semiconductors ID INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS; EFFICIENT; TRAPS; CDS; ZNO AB The physical mechanisms active in inorganic scintillators used for medical imaging are reviewed briefly. These include relaxation of electronic excitation following initial absorption of high-energy radiation, thermalization of electrons and holes, formation of excitons, charge carrier trapping on defects and self-trapping, transfer of excitation to luminescence centers, and emission of detectable light. Materials include intrinsic and activated insulating crystals and semiconductors involving several different luminescent centers and. radiative processes. Fundamental limitations of scintillator performance and nonradiative processes arising from native defects and impurities that can limit scintillation light output are discussed. The properties of several recently reported scintillating crystals are also presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weber, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 55-121,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjweber@lbl.gov NR 38 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 527 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.009 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 838KM UT WOS:000222712200004 ER PT J AU Kolesnikov, NN Kveder, VV James, RB Borisenko, DN Kulakov, MP AF Kolesnikov, NN Kveder, VV James, RB Borisenko, DN Kulakov, MP TI Growth of CdTe nanocrystals by vapor deposition method SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Imaging Technologies in Biomedical Sciences CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Athens, GREECE DE vapor deposition method; CdTe; CdTe nanocrystals; CdTe nanoparticles ID CATALYTIC GROWTH; CDS NANOWIRES; TRANSPORT AB The CdTe monodisperse nanoparticles and quasi-one-dimensional nanocrystals were obtained by the vapor deposition method. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction were used to characterize these nanocrystals. It was found that nanocrystals had wurtzite or sphalerite structure depending on the growth conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kolesnikov, NN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. EM nkolesn@issp.ac.ru NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 527 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.064 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 838KM UT WOS:000222712200016 ER PT J AU Moses, WW Qi, JY AF Moses, WW Qi, JY TI Instrumentation optimization for Positron Emission Mammography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Imaging Technologies in Biomedical Sciences CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Athens, GREECE DE Positron Emission Mammography; breast cancer; PEM camera design and optimization; Fisher information matrix ID BREAST-CANCER; PET DETECTOR; SCANNERS; FIBERS AB The past several years have seen designs for PET cameras optimized to image the breast, commonly known as Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) cameras. The guiding principal behind PEM instrumentation is that a camera whose field of view is restricted to a single breast has higher performance and lower cost than a conventional PET camera. The most common geometry is a pair of parallel planes of detector modules, although geometries that encircle the breast have also been proposed. The ability of the detectors to measure the depth of interaction (DOI) is also a relevant feature. This paper finds that while both the additional solid angle coverage afforded by encircling the breast and the decreased blurring afforded by the DOI measurement improve performance, for small lesions the ability to measure DOI is more important than the ability to encircle the breast. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moses, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wwmoses@lbl.gov RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 527 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.066 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 838KM UT WOS:000222712200017 ER PT J AU Loudos, GK Giokaris, ND Mainta, K Sakelios, N Stiliaris, E Karabarbounis, A Papanicolas, CN Spanoudaki, V Nikita, KS Uzunoglu, NK Archimandritis, SC Varvarigou, AD Stefanis, KN Majewski, S Weisenberger, A Pani, R Maintas, D AF Loudos, GK Giokaris, ND Mainta, K Sakelios, N Stiliaris, E Karabarbounis, A Papanicolas, CN Spanoudaki, V Nikita, KS Uzunoglu, NK Archimandritis, SC Varvarigou, AD Stefanis, KN Majewski, S Weisenberger, A Pani, R Maintas, D TI High-resolution and high-sensitivity SPECT imaging of breast phantoms SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Imaging Technologies in Biomedical Sciences CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Athens, GREECE DE gamma-camera; high-resolution; breast phantom; SPECT; PSPMT ID SCINTIMAMMOGRAPHY AB A small field of view gamma camera based on a Position Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube has been used for tomoscintigraphic imaging of breast phantoms. The breast phantoms consist of small hot quantities of Tc-99m placed in a plastic pot filled with a lower concentration Tc-99m solution. The volume of the hot quantities varied from 0.5 to 0.25 ml and the target to background activity ratio varied from 3:1 to 5:1. The impact of the acquisition time per projection and the number of projections on image quality has been investigated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Accelerating Syst & Applicat, Athens 10024, Greece. Natl Capodistrian Univ Athens, Athens 10679, Greece. Natl Tech Univ Athens, GR-15773 Athens, Greece. Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Athens 15310, Greece. Athens Med Ctr, Inst Isotop Studies, Athens 15125, Greece. Univ Athens, Mental Hlth Res Inst, Athens 11521, Greece. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. RP Giokaris, ND (reprint author), Inst Accelerating Syst & Applicat, POB 17214, Athens 10024, Greece. EM ngiokar@cc.uoa.gr NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 527 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.083 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 838KM UT WOS:000222712200021 ER PT J AU Woody, C Kriplani, A O'Connor, P Pratte, JF Radeka, V Rescia, S Schlyer, D Shokouhi, S Stoll, S Vaska, P Villaneuva, A Volkow, N Yu, B AF Woody, C Kriplani, A O'Connor, P Pratte, JF Radeka, V Rescia, S Schlyer, D Shokouhi, S Stoll, S Vaska, P Villaneuva, A Volkow, N Yu, B TI RatCAP: a small, head-mounted PET tomograph for imaging the brain of an awake RAT SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Imaging Technologies in Biomedical Sciences CY MAY 26-30, 2003 CL Athens, GREECE DE RatCAP; PET; small animal; tomograph; brain imaging AB A small, head-mounted tomograph is being developed which will allow PET imaging of the brain of an awake rat. This device will permit neurophysiological studies to be carried out on small animals without the use of anaesthesia, which severely suppresses brain functions and behavior. The tomograph consists of a 4cm diameter ring consisting of 12 blocks of LSO crystals, each containing a 4 x 8 matrix of 2 x 2 mm(2) pixels read out with a Hamamatsu S8550 avalanche photodiode array. The ring will be mounted to the head of the rat and supported by a tether that carries the weight and provides a pathway for electrical signals. Combined with additional mechanical components, it will allow nearly complete freedom of movement of the animal. In order to minimize the weight of the ring, and to keep all of the front end readout electronics as close as possible to the detector, a new ASIC is being developed in 0.18 mum CMOS technology that will process the analog signals and provide digital readout of the pixel arrays and timing information. This paper will describe the novel features and challenges of this new detector, along with preliminary results obtained with a pair of block detectors used in a configuration similar to the final tomograph. Results are given on studies carried out to optimize the light output of the crystal arrays, measurements of the APDs, a preliminary design of the readout electronics chip, and reconstructed images of various types of phantoms in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the detector concept. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Woody, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM woody@bnl.gov RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903 NR 3 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 2004 VL 527 IS 1-2 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.114 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 838KM UT WOS:000222712200033 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP AF Naulleau, PP TI Relevance of mask-roughness-induced printed line-edge roughness in recent and future extreme-ultraviolet lithography tests SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ENGINEERING TEST STAND; PERFORMANCE; EUVL; SIMULATION; EXPOSURE; SCATTERING; RESISTS; MODEL; TOOL AB The control of line-edge roughness (LER) of features printed in photoresist poses significant challenges to next-generation lithography techniques such as extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Achieving adequately low LER levels requires accurate resist characterization as well as the ability to separate resist effects from other potential contributors to LER. One potentially significant contributor to LER arises from roughness on the mask coupling to speckle in the aerial image and consequently to LER in the printed image. Here I numerically study mask surface roughness and phase roughness to resist LER coupling both as a function of illumination coherence and defocus. Moreover, the potential consequences of this mask effect for recent EUV lithography experiments is studied through direct comparison with experimental through-focus printing data collected at a variety of coherence settings. Finally, the effect that mask roughness will play in upcoming 0.3-numerical-aperture resist testing is considered. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnaulleau@lbl.gov NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 20 BP 4025 EP 4032 DI 10.1364/AO.43.004025 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 838MK UT WOS:000222717200013 PM 15285094 ER PT J AU Sowards-Emmerd, D Romani, RW Michelson, PF Ulvestad, JS AF Sowards-Emmerd, D Romani, RW Michelson, PF Ulvestad, JS TI Blazar counterparts for 3EG sources at-40 degrees < decl. < 0 degrees: Pushing south through the bulge SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; galaxies : active; gamma rays : observations; radio continuum : galaxies; surveys ID HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE; EGRET SOURCES; SKY SURVEY; CATALOG; IDENTIFICATIONS; SELECTION AB Supplementing existing survey data with Very Large Array (VLA) observations, we have extended gamma-ray counterpart identifications down to decl. = -40degrees using our "figure-of-merit'' approach. We find blazar counterparts for similar to70% of EGRET sources above decl. = -40degrees away from the Galaxy. Spectroscopic confirmation is in progress, and spectra for similar to24 sources are presented here. We find evidence that increased exposure in the bulge region allowed EGRET to detect relatively faint blazars; a clear excess of nonblazar objects in this region, however, argues for an additional (new) source class. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94039 USA. RP Sowards-Emmerd, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dse@darkmatter.stanford.edu; rwr@astro.stanford.edu; peterm@stanford.edu; julvesta@nrao.edu NR 21 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 609 IS 2 BP 564 EP 575 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 835BZ UT WOS:000222456200008 ER PT J AU Saumon, D Guillot, T AF Saumon, D Guillot, T TI Shock compression of deuterium and the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE equation of state; planets and satellites : individual (Jupiter; Saturn) ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; FULLY IONIZED HYDROGEN; VOYAGER TRACKING DATA; LIQUID DEUTERIUM; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; GIANT PLANETS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; PHASE-SEPARATION; SOLID DEUTERIUM; GRAVITY-FIELD AB Recently, deuterium has been the focus of a high level of experimental and theoretical activity, sparked by a disagreement on the experimental value of the maximum compression along the principal Hugoniot. The behavior of deuterium at megabar pressures is not well understood. It is of great interest to understand how the current uncertainty on the hydrogen/deuterium equation of state (EOS) affects the inferred structures of Jupiter and Saturn. In particular, the mass of a core of heavy elements ( other than H and He) and the total mass of those heavy elements in these two planets are quite sensitive to the EOS of hydrogen and constitute important clues to their formation process. We present a study of the range of structures allowed for Jupiter and Saturn by the current uncertainty in the hydrogen EOS and astrophysical observations of the two planets. An improved experimental understanding of hydrogen at megabar pressures and better determinations of the gravitational moments of both planets are necessary to put tight bounds on their internal structure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice 04, France. RP Saumon, D (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM dsaumon@lanl.gov; guillot@obs-nice.fr NR 53 TC 187 Z9 188 U1 3 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 609 IS 2 BP 1170 EP 1180 DI 10.1086/421257 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 835BZ UT WOS:000222456200056 ER PT J AU Ozgokmen, TM Fischer, PF Duan, JQ Iliescu, T AF Ozgokmen, TM Fischer, PF Duan, JQ Iliescu, T TI Entrainment in bottom gravity currents over complex topography from three-dimensional nonhydrostatic simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OUTFLOW; DYNAMICS; MODELS; FLOWS AB By recognizing that oceanic overflows follow the seafloor morphology, which shows a self-similar structure at spatial scales ranging from 100 km to 1 m, the impact of topographic bumps on entrainment in gravity currents is investigated using a 3D nonhydrostatic spectral element model. It is found that a bumpy surface can lead to a significant enhancement of entrainment compared to a smooth surface. The change in entrainment is parameterized as a function of statistical estimates of the amplitude and wavenumber parameters of bumps with respect to the background slope. C1 Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Appl Math, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ozgokmen, TM (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM tozgokmen@rsmas.miami.edu NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 13 AR L13212 DI 10.1029/2004GL020186 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 837RT UT WOS:000222654400005 ER PT J AU Rose, MK Borg, A Dunphy, JC Mitsui, T Ogletree, DF Salmeron, A AF Rose, MK Borg, A Dunphy, JC Mitsui, T Ogletree, DF Salmeron, A TI Chemisorption of atomic oxygen on Pd(111) studied by STM SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scanning tunneling microscopy; chemisorption; oxygen; palladium ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION; LATERAL MANIPULATION; SINGLE-MOLECULE; 111 SURFACES; BASIC STEPS; ADSORPTION; O-2; PLATINUM; PT(111) AB Atomic oxygen resulting from the dissociation of O-2 on Pd(111) at low coverage was studied in a variable temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in the range from 30 to 210 K. Oxygen atoms, which typically appear as 30-40 pm deep depressions on Pd(111), occupy fcc hollow sites and form ordered p(2 x 2) islands upon annealing above 180 K. The mobility of the atoms diminishes rapidly below 180 K, with an approximate diffusion barrier of 0.4-0.5 eV. Oxygen atom pairs produced by thermal dissociation Of 02 at 160 K occupy both fcc and hcp hollow sites. The atoms travel approximately 0.25 nm after dissociation, and the distribution of pairs is strongly influenced by the presence of subsurface impurities within the Pd sample. At much lower temperatures, the STM tip can dissociate oxygen molecules. Dissociation occurs at sample bias voltages exceeding approximately 0.1 V. Following tip-induced dissociation, the product atoms occupy only fcc hollow sites. Oxygen atoms can be manipulated via short range repulsive interactions with the STM tip. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM salmeron@stm.lbl.gov RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 2004 VL 561 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.04.037 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 836NI UT WOS:000222562200007 ER PT J AU Schwarzenbacher, R Stenner-Liewen, F Liewen, H Robinson, H Hua, YA Bossy-Wetzel, E Reed, JC Liddington, RC AF Schwarzenbacher, R Stenner-Liewen, F Liewen, H Robinson, H Hua, YA Bossy-Wetzel, E Reed, JC Liddington, RC TI Structure of the Chlamydia protein CADD reveals a redox enzyme that modulates host cell apoptosis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PNEUMONIAE; GENES; DEATH AB The Chlamydia protein CADD (Chlamydia protein associating with death domains) has been implicated in the modulation of host cell apoptosis via binding to the death domains of tumor necrosis factor family receptors. Transfection of CADD into mammalian cells induces apoptosis. Here we present the CADD crystal structure, which reveals a dimer of seven-helix bundles. Each bundle contains a di-iron center adjacent to an internal cavity, forming an active site similar to that of methane mono-oxygenase hydrolase. We further show that CADD mutants lacking critical metal-coordinating residues are substantially less effective in inducing apoptosis but retain their ability to bind to death domains. We conclude that CADD is a novel redox protein toxin unique to Chlamydia species and propose that both its redox activity and death domain binding ability are required for its biological activity. C1 Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Saarland, Dept Med 1, D-66421 Homburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liddington, RC (reprint author), Burnham Inst, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM rlidding@burnham.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CA69381] NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 28 BP 29320 EP 29324 DI 10.1074/jbc.M401268200 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 834XX UT WOS:000222445300062 PM 15087448 ER PT J AU Tang, YH Carmichael, GR Horowitz, LW Uno, I Woo, JH Streets, DG Dabdub, D Kurata, G Sandu, A Allan, J Atlas, E Flocke, F Huey, LG Jakoubek, RO Millet, DB Quinn, PK Roberts, JM Worsnop, DR Goldstein, A Donnelly, S Schauffler, S Stroud, V Johnson, K Avery, MA Singh, HB Apel, EC AF Tang, YH Carmichael, GR Horowitz, LW Uno, I Woo, JH Streets, DG Dabdub, D Kurata, G Sandu, A Allan, J Atlas, E Flocke, F Huey, LG Jakoubek, RO Millet, DB Quinn, PK Roberts, JM Worsnop, DR Goldstein, A Donnelly, S Schauffler, S Stroud, V Johnson, K Avery, MA Singh, HB Apel, EC TI Multiscale simulations of tropospheric chemistry in the eastern Pacific and on the US West Coast during spring 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE chemical transport model; nesting simulation; atmospheric photochemistry ID TRACE-P EXPERIMENT; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; GAS-AEROSOL EQUILIBRIUM; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; OZONE; ASIA; BIOMASS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB [ 1] Regional modeling analysis for the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) experiment over the eastern Pacific and U. S. West Coast is performed using a multiscale modeling system, including the regional tracer model Chemical Weather Forecasting System (CFORS), the Sulfur Transport and Emissions Model 2003 (STEM-2K3) regional chemical transport model, and an off-line coupling with the Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers ( MOZART) global chemical transport model. CO regional tracers calculated online in the CFORS model are used to identify aircraft measurement periods with Asian influences. Asian-influenced air masses measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3 aircraft in this experiment are found to have lower DeltaAcetone/DeltaCO, DeltaMethanol/DeltaCO, and DeltaPropane/DeltaEthyne ratios than air masses influenced by U. S. emissions, reflecting differences in regional emission signals. The Asian air masses in the eastern Pacific are found to usually be well aged (> 5 days), to be highly diffused, and to have low NOy levels. Chemical budget analysis is performed for two flights, and the O-3 net chemical budgets are found to be negative ( net destructive) in the places dominated by Asian influences or clear sites and positive in polluted American air masses. During the trans-Pacific transport, part of gaseous HNO3 was converted to nitrate particle, and this conversion was attributed to NOy decline. Without the aerosol consideration, the model tends to overestimate HNO3 background concentration along the coast region. At the measurement site of Trinidad Head, northern California, high-concentration pollutants are usually associated with calm wind scenarios, implying that the accumulation of local pollutants leads to the high concentration. Seasonal variations are also discussed from April to May for this site. A high-resolution nesting simulation with 12-km horizontal resolution is used to study the WP-3 flight over Los Angeles and surrounding areas. This nested simulation significantly improved the predictions for emitted and secondary generated species. The difference of photochemical behavior between the coarse (60-km) and nesting simulations is discussed and compared with the observation. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Rs, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Ecol Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Rs, 402 IATL, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ytang@cgrer.uiowa.edu; gcarmich@icaen.uiowa.edu; larry.horowitz@noaa.gov; iuno@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; woojh21@cgrer.uiowa.edu; dstreets@anl.gov; ddabdub@uci.edu; kurata@eco.tut.ac.jp; asandu@cs.vt.edu; james.allan@physics.org; atlas@acd.ucar.edu; ffl@acd.ucar.edu; greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; jakoubek@al.noaa.gov; dylan@atmos.berkeley.edu; quinn@pmel.noaa.gov; jr@al.noaa.gov; worsnop@aerodyne.com; ahg@nature.berkeley.edu; donnelly@ucar.edu; sues@acd.ucar.edu; cstroud@acd.ucar.edu; kristen.johnson@colorado.edu; m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov; hanwant.b.singh@nasa.gov; apel@acd.ucar.edu RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S11 DI 10.1029/2004JD004513 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837SG UT WOS:000222655800003 ER PT J AU Feldman, WC Ahola, K Barraclough, BL Belian, RD Black, RK Elphic, RC Everett, DT Fuller, KR Kroesche, J Lawrence, DJ Lawson, SL Longmire, JL Maurice, S Miller, MC Prettyman, TH Storms, SA Thornton, GW AF Feldman, WC Ahola, K Barraclough, BL Belian, RD Black, RK Elphic, RC Everett, DT Fuller, KR Kroesche, J Lawrence, DJ Lawson, SL Longmire, JL Maurice, S Miller, MC Prettyman, TH Storms, SA Thornton, GW TI Gamma-Ray, Neutron, and Alpha-Particle Spectrometers for the Lunar Prospector mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE Alpha-Particle Spectrometer; Gamma-Ray Spectrometer; Neutron Spectrometer ID THORIUM ABUNDANCES; SURFACE; ICE; MOON AB [ 1] Gamma-Ray, Neutron, and Alpha-Particle Spectrometers (GRS, NS, and APS, respectively) were included in the payload complement of Lunar Prospector ( LP). Specific objectives of the GRS were to map abundances of Fe, Ti, Th, K, Si, O, Mg, Al, and Ca to depths of 20 cm. Those of the NS were to search for water ice to depths of 100 cm near the lunar poles and to map regolith maturity. Objectives of the APS were to search for, map, and provide a measure of the time history of gaseous release events at the lunar surface. The purpose of this paper is to document the mechanical, analog electronic, digital electronic, and microprocessor designs of the suite of spectrometers, present a representative sample of the calibrated response functions of all sensors, and document the operation of all three LP spectrometers in sufficient detail as to enable the full knowledgeable use of all data products that were archived in the Planetary Data System for future use by the planetary-science community. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Technol Agcy Finland Tekes, Helsinki, Finland. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Feldman, WC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wfeldman@lanl.gov RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS E7 AR E07S06 DI 10.1029/2003JE002207 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 837SQ UT WOS:000222656800002 ER PT J AU Lee, KK Gan, L Tsuruta, H Hendrix, RW Duda, RL Johnson, JE AF Lee, KK Gan, L Tsuruta, H Hendrix, RW Duda, RL Johnson, JE TI Evidence that a local refolding event triggers maturation of HK97 bacteriophage capsid SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage HK97; fluorescence; circular dichroism; smallangle X-ray scattering (SAXS); conformational change ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; ULTRAVIOLET CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL TRANSITIONS; VIRAL CAPSIDS; SIDE-CHAINS; PROTEIN; DNA AB Bacteriophage capsids are a striking example of a robust yet dynamic genome delivery vehicle. Like most phages, HK97 undergoes a conformational maturation that converts a metastable Prohead into the mature Head state. In the case of HK97, maturation involves a significant expansion of the capsid and concomitant cross-linking of capsid subunits. The final state, termed Head-II, is a 600 Angstrom diameter icosahedral structure with catenated subunit rings. Cryo-EM, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and biochemical assays were used previously to characterize the initial (Prohead-II) and final states (Head-II) as well as four maturation intermediates. Here we extend the characterization of the acid-induced expansion of HK97 in vitro by monitoring changes in intrinsic fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and SAXS. We find that the greatest changes in all observables occur at an early stage of maturation. Upon acidification, fluorescence emissions from HK97 exhibit a blueshift and decrease in intensity. These spectral changes reveal two kinetic phases of the expansion reaction. The early phase exhibits sensitivity to pH, increasing in rate nearly 200-fold when acidification pH is lowered from 4.5 to 3.9. The second, slower phase reported by fluorescence is relatively insensitive to pH. Time-resolved SAXS experiments report an increase in overall particle dimension that parallels the fluorescence changes for the early phase. Native agarose gel assays corroborated this finding. By contrast, probes of CD at far-UV indicate that secondary structural changes precede the early expansion phase reported by SAXS and fluorescence. Based on the crystallographic structure of Head-II and the pseudo-atomic model of Prohead-II, we interpret these changes as reflecting the conversion of subunit N-terminal arms (N-arm) from unstructured polypeptide to the mixture of beta-strand and beta-turn observed in the Head-II crystal structure. Refolding of the N-arm may thus represent the conformational trigger that initiates the irreversible expansion of the phage capsid. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Ctr Integrat Mol Biosci, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Bacteriophage Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Johnson, JE (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, MB-31 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jackj@scripps.edu RI Gan, Lu/F-8317-2011 OI Gan, Lu/0000-0002-8685-4896 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI40101]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM65013, R01-GM44795, R01-GM54076] NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 340 IS 3 BP 419 EP 433 DI 10.1016/j.jmc.2004.05.008 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 836MN UT WOS:000222560000003 PM 15210344 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD El Chenawi, K Dubey, AK Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Moukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Petracek, V Phatak, SC Pinganaud, W Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L von der Pijll, EC von Eijndhoven, N von Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR AF Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Arefiev, V Astakhov, V Avdeitchikov, V Awes, TC Baba, PVKS Badyal, SK Bathe, S Batiounia, B Bernier, T Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bucher, D Busching, H Carlen, L Chattopadhyay, S Decowski, MP Delagrange, H Donni, P Majumdar, MRD El Chenawi, K Dubey, AK Enosawa, K Fokin, S Frolov, V Ganti, MS Garpman, S Gavrishchuk, O Geurts, FJM Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Guskov, B Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hrivnacova, I Ippolitov, M Kalechofsky, H Karadjev, K Karpio, K Kolb, BW Kosarev, I Koutcheryaev, I Kugler, A Kulinich, P Kurata, M Lebedev, A Lohner, H Luquin, L Mahapatra, DP Manko, V Martin, M Martinez, G Maximov, A Miake, Y Mishra, GC Mohanty, B Mora, MJ Morrison, D Moukhanova, T Mukhopadhyay, DS Naef, H Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nianine, A Nikitine, V Nikolaev, S Nilsson, P Nishimura, S Nomokonov, P Nystrand, J Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Peressounko, D Petracek, V Phatak, SC Pinganaud, W Plasil, F Purschke, ML Rak, J Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Rao, NK Retiere, F Reygers, K Roland, G Rosselet, L Roufanov, I Roy, C Rubio, JM Sambyal, SS Santo, R Sato, S Schlagheck, H Schmidt, HR Schutz, Y Shabratova, G Shah, TH Sibiriak, I Siemiarczuk, T Silvermyr, D Sinha, BC Slavine, N Soderstrom, K Sood, G Sorensen, SP Stankus, P Stefanek, G Steinberg, P Stenlund, E Sumbera, M Svensson, T Tsvetkov, A Tykarski, L von der Pijll, EC von Eijndhoven, N von Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Vodopianov, A Voros, S Wyslouch, B Young, GR CA WA98 Collaboration TI Interferometry of direct photons in central 208Pb+208Pb collisions at 158A GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON DYNAMICS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PB+PB COLLISIONS; PLASMA AB Two-particle correlations of direct photons were measured in central (208Pb+208Pb collisions at 158A GeV. The invariant interferometric radii were extracted for 100pi(0)e(+)e- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL EXTRA DIMENSIONS; EPSILON'/EPSILON; IMPACT AB The KTeV/E799 experiment at Fermilab has searched for the rare kaon decay K-L-->pi(0)e(+)e(-) . This mode is expected to have a significant CP violating component. The measurement of its branching ratio could support the standard model or could indicate the existence of new physics. This Letter reports new results from the 1999-2000 data set. One event is observed with an expected background at 0.99+/-0.35 events. We set a limit on the branching ratio of 3.5x10(-10) at the 90% confidence level. Combining with the previous result based on the data set taken in 1997 yields the final KTeV result: BR(K-L-->pi(0)e(+)e(-))<2.8x10(-10) at 90% C.L. C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Elmhurst Coll, Elmhurst, IL 60126 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Osaka Univ, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Virginia, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CPP CNRS, Marseille, France. RP Corcoran, MD (reprint author), Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Gomes, Ricardo/B-6899-2008; Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/K-5313-2016; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Gomes, Ricardo/0000-0003-0278-4876; Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/0000-0002-2818-8813; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 021805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.021805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100022 PM 15323902 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Buono, LD Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Gamba, VD Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Nardo, GD Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Lodovico, FD Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Buono, LD Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Gamba, VD Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Nardo, GD Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Lodovico, FD Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BaBar Collaboration TI Measurement of the direct CP asymmetry in b -> s gamma decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RARE B-DECAYS AB We describe a measurement of the direct CP asymmetry between inclusive b-->sgamma and (b) over bar -->(s) over bar gamma decays. This asymmetry is expected to be less than 0.01 in the standard model, but could be enhanced up to about 0.10 by new physics contributions. We use a sample of 89x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs recorded with the BABAR detector at SLAC PEP-II, from which we reconstruct a set of 12 exclusive b-->sgamma final states containing one charged or neutral kaon and one to three pions. We measure an asymmetry of A(CP)(b-->sgamma)=0.025+/-0.050(stat)+/-0.015(syst), corresponding to an allowed range of -0.06sgamma)<+0.11 at 90% confidence level. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Iowa State Univ, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettr, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX1 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012 OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163 NR 15 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 021804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.021804 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100021 PM 15323901 ER PT J AU Cushman, RH Dullin, HR Giacobbe, A Holm, DD Joyeux, M Lynch, P Sadovskii, DA Zhilinskii, BI AF Cushman, RH Dullin, HR Giacobbe, A Holm, DD Joyeux, M Lynch, P Sadovskii, DA Zhilinskii, BI TI CO2 molecule as a quantum realization of the 1 : 1 : 2 resonant swing-spring with monodromy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRIC PHASES AB We consider the wide class of systems modeled by an integrable approximation to the 3 degrees of freedom elastic pendulum with 1:1:2 resonance, or the swing-spring. This approximation has monodromy which prohibits the existence of global action-angle variables and complicates the dynamics. We study the quantum swing-spring formed by bending and symmetric stretching vibrations of the CO2 molecule. We uncover quantum monodromy of CO2 as a nontrivial codimension 2 defect of the three dimensional energy-momentum lattice of its quantum states. C1 Univ Utrecht, Inst Math, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Loughborough, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Met Eireann, Dublin 9, Ireland. Univ Littoral, CNRS, UMR 8101, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. RP Univ Utrecht, Inst Math, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Giacobbe, Andrea/F-5241-2012; Dullin, Holger/B-2808-2008; Giacobbe, Andrea/H-4106-2012; Joyeux, Marc/E-9606-2017; OI Giacobbe, Andrea/0000-0002-9805-0852; Dullin, Holger/0000-0001-6617-196X; Joyeux, Marc/0000-0002-6282-1846; Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 024302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.024302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100041 PM 15323921 ER PT J AU Drymiotis, FR Ledbetter, H Betts, JB Kimura, T Lashley, JC Migliori, A Ramirez, A Kowach, G Van Duijn, J AF Drymiotis, FR Ledbetter, H Betts, JB Kimura, T Lashley, JC Migliori, A Ramirez, A Kowach, G Van Duijn, J TI Monocrystal elastic constants of the negative-thermal-expansion compound zirconium tungstate (ZrW2O8) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS AB We measured zirconium tungstate's elastic constants C-ij. This compound shows relatively soft, nearly isotropic elastic constants with normal Poisson ratios and no approach to Born instability. ZrW2O8 shows normal ambient-temperature elastic constants C-ij, but remarkable dC(ij)/dT that show dominant low-frequency acoustic-vibration modes. From the bulk modulus, we estimated the total ambient-temperature thermodynamic Gruneisen parameter as gamma=-1.2. The dB/dT slope gives a Gruneisen parameter gamma=-7. The 300-0 K bulk-modulus increase (40%) seems unprecedented and breaks Birch's law of corresponding states. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI van Duijn, Joost/0000-0003-2283-6477 NR 32 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 025502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.025502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100045 PM 15323925 ER PT J AU Hess, C ElHaes, H Buchner, B Ammerahl, U Hucker, M Revcolevschi, A AF Hess, C ElHaes, H Buchner, B Ammerahl, U Hucker, M Revcolevschi, A TI Magnon-hole scattering and charge order in Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON INELASTIC-SCATTERING; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MATERIAL SR14CU24O41; LADDER COMPOUNDS; SPIN DYNAMICS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEM; STATE AB The magnon thermal conductivity kappa(mag) of the hole-doped spin ladders in Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 has been investigated at low doping levels x. The analysis of kappa(mag) reveals a strong doping and temperature dependence of the magnon mean free path l(mag), which is a local probe for the interaction of magnons with the doped holes in the ladders. In particular, this novel approach to studying charge degrees of freedom via spin excitations shows that charge ordering of the holes in the ladders leads to a freezing out of magnon-hole scattering processes. C1 Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Mat Condensee, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. IFW Dresden, Leibniz Inst Solide State & Mat Res, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Univ Paris 11, Lab Physicochim Etat Solide, F-91405 Orsay, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hess, C (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Mat Condensee, 24 Quai E Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM christian.hess@physics.unige.ch RI Hess, Christian/F-3170-2014; Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016 OI Hess, Christian/0000-0002-8977-6811; Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 027005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.027005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100065 PM 15323945 ER PT J AU Htoon, H O'Connell, MJ Cox, PJ Doorn, SK Klimov, VI AF Htoon, H O'Connell, MJ Cox, PJ Doorn, SK Klimov, VI TI Low temperature emission spectra of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes: Multiplicity of subspecies within single-species nanotube ensembles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; WIRES AB Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) studies of individual semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes reveal ultranarrow peaks (down to 0.25 meV linewidths) that exhibit blinking and spectral wandering. Multiple peaks appear within bands previously assigned to nanotubes of certain chiralities, indicating the existence of numerous subspecies within single-chirality specimens. The sharp PL features show two types of distinctly different shapes (symmetric versus asymmetric) and temperature dependences (weak versus strong), which we attribute to the presence of unintentionally doped nanotubes along with undoped species. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Klimov@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 027401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.027401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100069 PM 15323949 ER PT J AU Liu, DW Ashie, Y Fukuda, S Fukuda, Y Ishihara, K Itow, Y Koshio, Y Minamino, A Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Namba, T Nambu, R Obayashi, Y Sakurai, N Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, H Takeuchi, Y Yamada, S Ishitsuka, M Kajita, T Kaneyuki, K Nakayama, S Okada, A Ooyabu, T Saji, C Desai, S Earl, M Kearns, E Messier, MD Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Wang, W Barszczak, T Casper, D Cravens, JP Gajewski, W Kropp, WR Mine, S Smy, MB Sobel, HW Sterner, CW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Hill, J Keig, WE Kim, JY Lim, IT Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Takemori, D Hayato, Y Ichikawa, AK Ishida, T Ishii, T Iwashita, T Kameda, J Kobayashi, T Maruyama, T Nakamura, K Nitta, K Oyama, Y Sakuda, M Totsuka, Y Suzuki, AT Hasegawa, M Hayashi, K Inagaki, T Kato, I Maesaka, H Morita, T Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Sasaki, T Ueda, S Yamamoto, S Haines, TJ Dazeley, S Hatakeyama, S Svoboda, R Blaufuss, E Goodman, JA Guillian, G Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Scholberg, K Habig, A Ackermann, M Jung, CK Kato, T Kobayashi, K Martens, K Malek, M Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Viren, B Yanagisawa, C Toshito, T Mitsuda, C Miyano, K Shibata, T Ishii, J Kajiyama, Y Kuno, Y Nagashima, Y Takita, M Yoshida, M Kim, HI Kim, SB Yoo, J Okazawa, H Ishizuka, T Choi, Y Seo, HK Gando, Y Hasegawa, T Inoue, K Shirai, J Suzuki, A Koshiba, M Hashimoto, T Nakajima, Y Nishijima, K Ishino, H Morii, M Nishimura, R Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Zalipska, J Gran, R Shiraishi, KK Washburn, K Wilkes, RJ AF Liu, DW Ashie, Y Fukuda, S Fukuda, Y Ishihara, K Itow, Y Koshio, Y Minamino, A Miura, M Moriyama, S Nakahata, M Namba, T Nambu, R Obayashi, Y Sakurai, N Shiozawa, M Suzuki, Y Takeuchi, H Takeuchi, Y Yamada, S Ishitsuka, M Kajita, T Kaneyuki, K Nakayama, S Okada, A Ooyabu, T Saji, C Desai, S Earl, M Kearns, E Messier, MD Stone, JL Sulak, LR Walter, CW Wang, W Barszczak, T Casper, D Cravens, JP Gajewski, W Kropp, WR Mine, S Smy, MB Sobel, HW Sterner, CW Vagins, MR Ganezer, KS Hill, J Keig, WE Kim, JY Lim, IT Ellsworth, RW Tasaka, S Kibayashi, A Learned, JG Matsuno, S Takemori, D Hayato, Y Ichikawa, AK Ishida, T Ishii, T Iwashita, T Kameda, J Kobayashi, T Maruyama, T Nakamura, K Nitta, K Oyama, Y Sakuda, M Totsuka, Y Suzuki, AT Hasegawa, M Hayashi, K Inagaki, T Kato, I Maesaka, H Morita, T Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Sasaki, T Ueda, S Yamamoto, S Haines, TJ Dazeley, S Hatakeyama, S Svoboda, R Blaufuss, E Goodman, JA Guillian, G Sullivan, GW Turcan, D Scholberg, K Habig, A Ackermann, M Jung, CK Kato, T Kobayashi, K Martens, K Malek, M Mauger, C McGrew, C Sharkey, E Viren, B Yanagisawa, C Toshito, T Mitsuda, C Miyano, K Shibata, T Ishii, J Kajiyama, Y Kuno, Y Nagashima, Y Takita, M Yoshida, M Kim, HI Kim, SB Yoo, J Okazawa, H Ishizuka, T Choi, Y Seo, HK Gando, Y Hasegawa, T Inoue, K Shirai, J Suzuki, A Koshiba, M Hashimoto, T Nakajima, Y Nishijima, K Ishino, H Morii, M Nishimura, R Watanabe, Y Kielczewska, D Zalipska, J Gran, R Shiraishi, KK Washburn, K Wilkes, RJ CA Super-Kamiokande Collaboration TI Limits on the neutrino magnetic moment using 1496 days of Super-Kamiokande-I solar neutrino data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAUGE THEORIES; SCATTERING; OSCILLATION; CALIBRATION; DETECTOR; MUON AB A search for a nonzero neutrino magnetic moment has been conducted using 1496 live days of solar neutrino data from Super-Kamiokande-I. Specifically, we searched for distortions to the energy spectrum of recoil electrons arising from magnetic scattering due to a nonzero neutrino magnetic moment. In the absence of a clear signal, we found mu(nu)less than or equal to(3.6x10(-10))mu(B) at 90% C.L. by fitting to the Super-Kamiokande day-night spectra. The fitting took into account the effect of neutrino oscillation on the shapes of energy spectra. With additional information from other solar neutrino and KamLAND experiments constraining the oscillation region, a limit of mu(nu)less than or equal to(1.1x10(-10))mu(B) at 90% C.L. was obtained. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Tokyo, Kamioka Observ, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Gifu 5061205, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Cosm Neutrinos, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, Carson, CA 90747 USA. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Shizuoka Seika Coll, Shizuoka 4258611, Japan. Shizuoka Univ, Dept Syst Engn, Shizuoka 4328561, Japan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Tokai Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Takeuchi, Yasuo/A-4310-2011; Sobel, Henry/A-4369-2011; Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Wilkes, R.Jeffrey/E-6011-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Sakurai, Nobuyuki/M-5009-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Koshio, Yusuke/C-2847-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015; Obayashi, Yoshihisa/A-4472-2011; Yoo, Jonghee/K-8394-2016; Suzuki, Yoichiro/F-7542-2010 OI Sakurai, Nobuyuki/0000-0002-1002-217X; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Koshio, Yusuke/0000-0003-0437-8505; NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 021802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.021802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100019 PM 15323899 ER PT J AU Mang, PK Vajk, OP Arvanitaki, A Lynn, JW Greven, M AF Mang, PK Vajk, OP Arvanitaki, A Lynn, JW Greven, M TI Spin correlations and magnetic order in nonsuperconducting Nd2-xCexCuO4 +/-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; T-C SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL; LA2CUO4 AB We report quantitative neutron scattering measurements of the evolution with doping of the Neel temperature, the antiferromagnetic correlations, and the ordered moment of as-grown, nonsuperconducting Nd2-xCexCuO4+/-delta (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.18). The instantaneous correlation length can be effectively described by our quantum Monte Carlo calculations for the randomly site-diluted nearest-neighbor spin-1/2 square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. However, quantum fluctuations have a stronger effect on the ordered moment, which decreases more rapidly than for the quenched-disorder model. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Mang, PK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 29 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 027002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.027002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100062 PM 15323942 ER PT J AU Wu, GH Majewski, J Ege, C Kjaer, K Weygand, MJ Lee, KYC AF Wu, GH Majewski, J Ege, C Kjaer, K Weygand, MJ Lee, KYC TI Lipid corralling and poloxamer squeeze-out in membranes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; IN-VIVO; CELLS; LIPOSOMES; LEAKAGE; PHASES AB Using x-ray scattering measurements we have quantitatively determined the effect of poloxamer 188 (P188), a polymer known to seal damaged membranes, on the structure of lipid monolayers. P188 selectively inserts into low lipid-density regions of the membrane and "corrals" lipid molecules to pack tightly, leading to unexpected Bragg peaks at low nominal lipid density and inducing lipid/poloxamer phase separation. At tighter lipid packing, the once inserted P188 is squeezed out, allowing the poloxamer to gracefully exit when the membrane integrity is restored. C1 Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Wu, GH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 2 AR 028101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.028101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836CF UT WOS:000222532100073 PM 15323953 ER PT J AU Capart, R Khezami, L Burnham, AK AF Capart, R Khezami, L Burnham, AK TI Assessment of various kinetic models for the pyrolysis of a microgranular cellulose SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE cellulose; thermal decomposition; kinetics ID DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; BIOMASS; MASS AB The kinetics of pyrolysis of a micro-crystalline cellulose in nitrogen were studied from TGA and DTG data, obtained with two different modes of heating: a dynamic mode at constant heating rates between 1 and 11 degreesC/min and an isothermal mode at various temperatures, kept constant between 280 and 320 degreesC. In isothermal mode, it appeared very clearly that the mass depletion shows a sigmoid profile characteristic of an auto-accelerated reaction process. This behaviour is consistent with kinetics of nuclei-growth, well represented by the models of Avrami-Erofeev (A-E) and of Prout-Tompkins (P-T) type. All the other kinetic models commonly applied to the thermal decomposition of solids revealed unsatisfactory. The TGA and DTG data were, thus, found ideally simulated from a reaction scheme consisting in two parallel reactions, termed 1 and 2, each one described by the kinetic law: dx/dt = -A(-E/RT)X(n)(1 - 0.99x)(m). Reaction 1 is related to the bulk decomposition of cellulose and is characterised by the set of parameters: E-1 = 202kJ/mol; n(1) = 1;m(1) = 0.48. Reaction 2 is related to the slower residual decomposition, which takes place over approximately 350degreesC and affects only 16% by weight of the raw cellulose. With in, constrained to 1, the optimised parameters of this reaction were: E-2 = 255 kJ/mol; n(2) = 22. Finally, the proposed model allowed to correctly fit not less than to 10 sets of ATG-DTG data, isothermal and dynamic. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Technol Compiegne, CNRS, UMR 6067, Lab Genie Procedes, F-60205 Compiegne, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Capart, R (reprint author), Univ Technol Compiegne, CNRS, UMR 6067, Lab Genie Procedes, POB 20529, F-60205 Compiegne, France. EM richard.capart@utc.fr NR 35 TC 135 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JUL 9 PY 2004 VL 417 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2004.01.029 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 834JX UT WOS:000222408500012 ER PT J AU Pack, RT Walker, RB AF Pack, RT Walker, RB TI Some symmetry-induced isotope effects in the kinetics of recombination reactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; ACCURATE QUANTUM CALCULATIONS; DIATOM DIATOM REACTIONS; OZONE FORMATION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; HEAVY OZONE; INTRAMOLECULAR THEORY; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; O-16-O-18 MIXTURES AB Symmetry-induced isotope effects in recombination and collision-induced dissociation reactions are discussed. Progress on understanding the anomalous isotope effects in ozone is reviewed. Then, calculations are performed for the simpler reaction Ne-x+Ne-y+Hdouble left right arrow(x)Ne(y)Ne+H, where x and y label either identical or different isotopes. The atomic masses in the model are chosen so that symmetry is the only difference between the systems. Starting from a single potential energy surface, the properties of the bound, quasibound, and continuum states of the neon dimer are calculated. Then, the vibration rotation infinite order sudden approximation is used to calculate cross sections for all possible inelastic and dissociative processes. A rate constant matrix that exactly satisfies detailed balance is constructed. It allows recombination to occur both via direct three-body collisions and via tunneling into the quasibound states of the energy transfer mechanism. The eigenvalue rate coefficients are determined. Significant isotope effects are clearly found, and their behavior depends on the pressure, temperature, and mechanism of the reaction. Both spin statistics and symmetry breaking produce isotope effects. Under most conditions the breaking of symmetry enhances the rates, but a wide spectrum of effects is observed; they range from isotope effects with a normal mass dependence to huge, mass-independent isotope effects to cancellation and even to reversal of the isotope effects. This is the first calculation of symmetry-induced isotope effects in recombination rates from first principles. The relevance of the present effects to ozone recombination is discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T12 MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pack, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T12 MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pack@lanl.gov NR 74 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 800 EP 812 DI 10.1063/1.1758697 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 832KE UT WOS:000222265600023 PM 15260608 ER PT J AU He, Y Goldfield, EM Gray, SK AF He, Y Goldfield, EM Gray, SK TI Quantum dynamics of vibrationally activated OH-CO reactant complexes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PACKET DYNAMICS; REACTIVE SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; DECAY; PLUS AB A six-dimensional wave packet study of the unimolecular decay of vibrationally activated OH-CO reactant channel complexes is presented. The ab initio based Lakin-Troya-Schatz-Harding potential energy functions for the A(') and A(') states are employed. Good agreement with the experimental product distributions and lifetimes of Pond and Lester is found. We are able to confirm that complexes with two vibrational quanta of excitation in OH, v(OH)=2, and no vibrational excitation in CO, v(CO)=0, decay through two pathways. One pathway leads to products (v(OH)=1, v(CO)=0) with relatively high OH rotational energy and the other leads to products (v(OH)=1, v(CO)=1) with relatively low OH rotational energy. We also find that the lifetime of the A(') state is less than the A(') state and that there is a propensity for A(') products. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP He, Y (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM evi@sun.science.wayne.edu; gray@anchim.chm.anl.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 2 BP 823 EP 828 DI 10.1063/1.1758942 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 832KE UT WOS:000222265600026 PM 15260611 ER PT J AU Moore, KG Clarke, AD Kapustin, VN McNaughton, C Anderson, BE Winstead, EL Weber, R Ma, Y Lee, YN Talbot, R Dibb, J Anderson, T Doherty, S Covert, D Rogers, D AF Moore, KG Clarke, AD Kapustin, VN McNaughton, C Anderson, BE Winstead, EL Weber, R Ma, Y Lee, YN Talbot, R Dibb, J Anderson, T Doherty, S Covert, D Rogers, D TI A comparison of similar aerosol measurements made on the NASA P3-B, DC-8, and NSFC-130 aircraft during TRACE-P and ACE-Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosols; special field campaigns; instrument comparison ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT; AIRBORNE; CARBON; SIZE; TROPOSPHERE; RADIATION AB Two major aircraft experiments occurred off the Pacific coast of Asia during spring 2001: the NASA sponsored Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored Aerosol Characterization Experiment-Asia (ACE-Asia). Both experiments studied emissions from the Asian continent (biomass burning, urban/industrial pollution, and dust). TRACE-P focused on trace gases and aerosol during March/April and was based primarily in Hong Kong and Yokota Air Force Base, Japan, and involved two aircraft: the NASA DC-8 and the NASA P3-B. ACE-Asia focused on aerosol and radiation during April/May and was based in Iwakuni Marine Corps Air Station, Japan, and involved the NSF C-130. This paper compares aerosol measurements from these aircraft including aerosol concentrations, size distributions (and integral properties), chemistry, and optical properties. Best overall agreement (generally within RMS instrumental uncertainty) was for physical properties of the submircron aerosol, including condensation nuclei concentrations, scattering coefficients, and differential mobility analyzer and optical particle counter (OPC) accumulation mode size distributions. Larger differences (typically outside of the RMS uncertainty) were often observed for parameters related to the supermicron aerosols (total scattering and absorption coefficients, coarse mode Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe and OPC size distributions/integral properties, and soluble chemical species usually associated with the largest particles, e.g., Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, and Mg2+), where aircraft sampling is more demanding. Some of the observed differences reflect different inlets ( e. g., low-turbulence inlet enhancement of coarse mode aerosol), differences in sampling lines, and instrument configuration and design. Means and variances of comparable measurements for horizontal legs were calculated, and regression analyses were performed for each platform and allow for an assessment of instrument performance. These results provide a basis for integrating aerosol data from these aircraft platforms for both the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia experiments. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NASA, Chem & Dynam Branch, Div Atmospher Sci, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, GATS Inc, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAF, Broomfield, CO 80021 USA. RP Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM kmoore@soest.hawaii.edu; tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu; kapustin@soest.hawaii.edu; cameronm@soest.hawaii.edu; b.e.anderson@larc.nasa.gov; e.l.winstead@larc.nasa.gov; rweber@eas.gatech.edu; yma@eas.gatech.edu; ynlee@bnl.gov; robert.talbot@unh.edu; jack.dibb@unh.edu; tadand@atmos.washington.edu; sarahd@atmos.washington.edu; dcovert@u.washington.edu; dcrogers@ucar.edu RI Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968; NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15S15 DI 10.1029/2003JD003543 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837SA UT WOS:000222655100001 ER PT J AU Bylaska, EJ Dixon, DA Felmy, AR Apra, E Windus, TL Zhan, CG Tratnyek, PG AF Bylaska, EJ Dixon, DA Felmy, AR Apra, E Windus, TL Zhan, CG Tratnyek, PG TI The energetics of the hydrogenolysis, dehydrohalogenation, and hydrolysis of 4,4 '-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane from a initio electronic structure theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Correction ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; FREE-ENERGIES; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; CHLORINATED METHANES; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB Electronic structure methods were used to calculate the aqueous reaction energies for hydrogenolysis, dehydrochlorination, and nucleophilic substitution by OH- of 4,4'-DDT. Thermochemical properties DeltaH(f)degrees (298.15 K), Sdegrees (298.15 K, 1 bar), DeltaGs (298.15 K, 1 bar) were calculated by using ab initio electronic structure calculations., isodesmic reactions schemes, gas-phase entropy estimates, and continuum solvation models for a series of DDT type structures (p-C6H4Cl)(2)-CH-CCl3, (p-C6H4Cl)(2)-CH-CCl2., (P-C6H4Cl)(2)-CH-CHCl2, (p-C6H4Cl)(2)-C=CCl2, (P-C6H4Cl)(2)-CH-CCl2OH, (p-C6H4Cl)(2)-CH-CCl(=O), and (p-C6H4Cl)(2)-CH-COOH. On the basis of these thermochemical estimates, the overall aqueous reaction energetics of hydrogenolysis, dehydrochlorination, and hydrolysis of 4,4'-DDT were estimated. The results of this investigation showed that the dehydrochlorination and hydrolysis reactions have strongly favorable thermodynamics in the standard state, as well as under a wide range of pH conditions. For hydrogenolysis with the redactant aqueous Fe(II), the thermodynamics are strongly dependent on pH, and the stability region of the (p-C6H4Cl)(2)-CH-CCl2.((aq)) species is a key to controlling the reactivity in hydrogenolysis. These results illustrate the use of ab initio electronic structure methods to identify the potentially important environmental degradation reactions by calculation of the reaction energetics of a potentially large number of organic compounds with aqueous species in natural waters. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Div Pharmaceut Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Bylaska, EJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eric.Bylaska@pni.gov RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010 OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734 NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 27 BP 5883 EP 5893 DI 10.1021/jp0312316 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 835IW UT WOS:000222477200016 ER PT J AU Maryasov, AG Bowman, MK AF Maryasov, AG Bowman, MK TI Hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectra for paramagnetic centers with nuclear spin I=1 having isotropic hyperfine interactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ECHO ENVELOPE MODULATION; 2-DIMENSIONAL ESEEM; SYSTEMS; SPECTROSCOPY; IMIDAZOLE; COMPLEXES; S=1/2 AB Hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectra of paramagnetic centers that have nuclei with nuclear spin I = 1 and isotropic hyperfine interactions (HFIs) and arbitrary nuclear quadrupole interactions (NQIs) are shown to consist of ridges that have zero width. A parametric presentation of these ridges is suggested that shows the range of possible frequencies in the HYSCORE spectrum and aids in spectral assignments and rapid estimation of spin Hamiltonian parameters. An alternative approach for the spectral density calculation is presented. This methodology is based on spectral decomposition of the Hamiltonian and requires only the eigenvalues. An atlas of HYSCORE spectra is given in the Supporting Information for this paper. This approach is applied to the estimation of the spin Hamiltonian parameters of the oxovanadium-EDTA complex. C1 SB RAS, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Maryasov, AG (reprint author), SB RAS, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM maryasov@ns.kinetics.nsc.ru RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 27 BP 9412 EP 9420 DI 10.1021/jp034912+ PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 835LB UT WOS:000222483500005 ER PT J AU Heinen, U Poluektov, O Stavitski, E Berthold, T Ohmes, E Schlesselman, SL Golecki, JR Moro, GJ Levanon, H Thurnauer, MC Kothe, G AF Heinen, U Poluektov, O Stavitski, E Berthold, T Ohmes, E Schlesselman, SL Golecki, JR Moro, GJ Levanon, H Thurnauer, MC Kothe, G TI Magnetic-field-induced orientation of photosynthetic reaction centers, as revealed by time-resolved D-band electron paramagnetic resonance of spin-correlated radical pairs. II. Field dependence of the alignment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; ZERO-QUANTUM COHERENCE; PLANT PHOTOSYSTEM-I; TRANSIENT EPR; STATE P(700)(CENTER-DOT+)A(1)(CENTER-DOT-); DIAMAGNETIC ANISOTROPY; PULSED EPR; ALGAE; POLARIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The magnetic-field-induced orientation of photosynthetic reaction centers has been studied by time-resolved D-band (130 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of the secondary radical pair, P(700)(+)A(1)(-), in plant photosystem I (PSI). Experiments have been performed for fresh and lyophilized whole cells of the deuterated cyanobacterium. S. lividus. A computer fit of the angle-dependent D-band spectra, measured for two different sample orientations, provides the order parameter S-Z'Z' of the symmetry axis, Z', of the susceptibility tensor, relative to the magnetic field. The positive sign of this order parameter indicates that membrane proteins are the major source for the anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility, DeltachiV. A value for DeltachiV has been extracted from the magnetic-field dependence of S-Z'Z'. The value of DeltachiV = 5.7 x 10(-27) m(3) is in good agreement with an estimate for the susceptibility anisotropy of a cyanobacterial cell. This demonstrates that whole cells are aligned in the magneto-orientation process. The combination of high-field EPR of a magnetically oriented sample with the analysis of quantum beat oscillations allows determination of the three-dimensional structure of P(700)(+)A(1)(-) in the photosynthetic membrane. C1 Univ Freiburg, Dept Chem Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Freiburg, Dept Microbiol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Padua, Dept Phys Chem, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Kothe, G (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Dept Chem Phys, Albertstr 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM gerd.kothe@physchem.uni-freiburg.de RI Stavitski, Eli/C-4863-2009; OI Moro, Giorgio J./0000-0003-3905-3831 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 27 BP 9498 EP 9504 DI 10.1021/jp036232c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 835LB UT WOS:000222483500015 ER PT J AU Xu, HW Navrotsky, A Nyman, M Nenoff, TM AF Xu, HW Navrotsky, A Nyman, M Nenoff, TM TI Crystal chemistry and energetics of pharmacosiderite-related microporous phases in the K2O-Cs2O-SiO2-TiO2-H2O system SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE crystal chemistry; thermodynamics; enthalpy of formation; titanosilicate; pharmacosiderite ID ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES; SODIUM TITANIUM SILICATE; MINERAL PHARMACOSIDERITE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ANALOG; TITANOSILICATES; CALORIMETRY; REFINEMENT; ENTHALPIES; GLASSES AB A complete series of solid solutions with compositions (K1-xCsx)(3)Ti4Si3O15(OH).nH(2)O (n = 4-6, 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1) and having the pharmacosiderite structure (space group P (4) over bar 3m) has been synthesized using hydrothermal and ion-exchange methods. Rietveld analysis of synchrotron XRD data shows that the unit-cell parameter a increases linearly with increasing Cs+ content. In the structure, K+ is situated in the center of the eight-membered titanosilicate ring, whereas Cs+ is displaced from the ring center, and the displacement increases with higher K+/(Cs+ + K+) ratio. The enthalpies of formation from the oxides and from the elements were determined by drop solution calorimetry into molten 2PbO . B2O3 solvent at 974 K. The formation enthalpies from oxides become more exothermic with increasing Cs+/(Cs+ + K+), suggesting a stabilizing effect of K+ --> Cs+ on the pharmacosiderite structure. Calculation of the enthalpy of the K+ --> Cs+ exchange reaction based on the measured formation enthalpies indicates that the Cs+ uptake in these phases is probably thermodynamically (rather than kinetically) driven. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Biol Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 72 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.03.033 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 836QK UT WOS:000222570400023 ER PT J AU Gweon, GH Sasagawa, T Zhou, SY Graf, J Takagi, H Lee, DH Lanzara, A AF Gweon, GH Sasagawa, T Zhou, SY Graf, J Takagi, H Lee, DH Lanzara, A TI An unusual isotope effect in a high-transition-temperature superconductor SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID T-C; LINE-SHAPE; DISPERSION; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PHOTOEMISSION; LA2-XSRXCUO4; VIBRATIONS; STATE AB In conventional superconductors, the electron pairing that allows superconductivity is caused by exchange of virtual phonons, which are quanta of lattice vibration. For high-transition-temperature (high-T-c) superconductors, it is far from clear that phonons are involved in the pairing at all. For example, the negligible change in T-c of optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212; ref. 1) upon oxygen isotope substitution (O-16 --> O-18 leads to T-c decreasing from 92 to 91 K) has often been taken to mean that phonons play an insignificant role in this material. Here we provide a detailed comparison of the electron dynamics of Bi2212 samples containing different oxygen isotopes, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our data show definite and strong isotope effects. Surprisingly, the effects mainly appear in broad high-energy humps, commonly referred to as 'incoherent peaks'. As a function of temperature and electron momentum, the magnitude of the isotope effect closely correlates with the superconducting gap-that is, the pair binding energy. We suggest that these results can be explained in a dynamic spin-Peierls picture(2), where the singlet pairing of electrons and the electron-lattice coupling mutually enhance each other. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, CREST, Saitama 3320012, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Lanzara, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alanzara@lbl.gov RI Zhou, Shuyun/A-5750-2009; Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Sasagawa, Takao/E-6666-2014 OI Sasagawa, Takao/0000-0003-0149-6696 NR 33 TC 232 Z9 235 U1 3 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 6996 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1038/nature02731 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 835GL UT WOS:000222470600038 PM 15241409 ER PT J AU Milliron, DJ Hughes, SM Cui, Y Manna, L Li, JB Wang, LW Alivisatos, AP AF Milliron, DJ Hughes, SM Cui, Y Manna, L Li, JB Wang, LW Alivisatos, AP TI Colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures with linear and branched topology SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DOT QUANTUM-WELL; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH; MOLECULES; NANORODS; STATES AB The development of colloidal quantum dots has led to practical applications of quantum confinement, such as in solution-processed solar cells(1), lasers(2) and as biological labels(3). Further scientific and technological advances should be achievable if these colloidal quantum systems could be electronically coupled in a general way. For example, this was the case when it became possible to couple solid-state embedded quantum dots into quantum dot molecules(4,5). Similarly, the preparation of nanowires with linear alternating compositions-another form of coupled quantum dots-has led to the rapid development of single-nanowire light-emitting diodes(6) and single-electron transistors(7). Current strategies to connect colloidal quantum dots use organic coupling agents(8,9), which suffer from limited control over coupling parameters and over the geometry and complexity of assemblies. Here we demonstrate a general approach for fabricating inorganically coupled colloidal quantum dots and rods, connected epitaxially at branched and linear junctions within single nanocrystals. We achieve control over branching and composition throughout the growth of nanocrystal heterostructures to independently tune the properties of each component and the nature of their interactions. Distinct dots and rods are coupled through potential barriers of tuneable height and width, and arranged in three-dimensional space at well-defined angles and distances. Such control allows investigation of potential applications ranging from quantum information processing to artificial photosynthesis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Nanotechnol Lab INFM, Via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Milliron, Delia/D-6002-2012; Cui, Yi/L-5804-2013; Manna, Liberato/G-2339-2010; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Cui, Yi/0000-0002-6103-6352; Manna, Liberato/0000-0003-4386-7985; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 30 TC 885 Z9 893 U1 32 U2 331 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 6996 BP 190 EP 195 DI 10.1038/nature02695 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 835GL UT WOS:000222470600039 PM 15241410 ER PT J AU Wang, RM Zhang, HZ AF Wang, RM Zhang, HZ TI Analytical TEM investigations on boron carbonitride nanotubes grown via chemical vapour deposition SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES; NITRIDE AB A systematic microstructure investigation on the boron carbonitride (BCN) nanotubes, synthesized by bias-assisted hot-filament chemical vapour deposition, is reported. The BCN nanotubes were found to be well-crystallized with uniform diameters and transverse connections inside. Their lengths can be over a few tens of micrometres. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicate that the BCN nanotubes have near zigzag graphic-layered structures with helical angles of less than 30degrees. Spatial-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy ( EELS) demonstrates typical sp(2) bonding configuration of the nanotubes with pronounced characteristic pi* and sigma* peaks of boron and carbon and characteristic K-shell ionization edges of nitrogen. EELS and energy-filtered TEM analyses reveal that the inner layer of the nanotube contains mass of carbon and some amount of boron, and the outer layer and the connections across the inner walls are rich in boron. The nitrogen is found distributing in the nanotube dispersedly and traceable amount of oxygen is measured existing in the shell of the nanotube. C1 Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Electron Microscopy Lab, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, RM (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Electron Microscopy Lab, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM rmwang@pku.edu.cn; zhanghz@pku.edu.cn RI Zhang, Hongzhou/B-6883-2009; Wang, Rongming/B-2163-2010 OI Zhang, Hongzhou/0000-0002-1188-7810; Wang, Rongming/0000-0003-4075-6956 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 78 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/078 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 836EC UT WOS:000222537200003 ER PT J AU Kumbartzki, G Cooper, JR Benczer-Koller, N Hiles, K Mertzimekis, TJ Taylor, MJ Speidel, KH Maier-Komor, P Bernstein, L McMahan, MA Phair, L Powell, J Wutte, D AF Kumbartzki, G Cooper, JR Benczer-Koller, N Hiles, K Mertzimekis, TJ Taylor, MJ Speidel, KH Maier-Komor, P Bernstein, L McMahan, MA Phair, L Powell, J Wutte, D TI First g factor measurement using a radioactive Kr-76 beam SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE radioactive beam; coulomb excitation; inverse kinematics; magnetic moment; transient field ID MASS NUCLEI; N=Z; COEXISTENCE; ISOTOPES AB The g factor of the first 2(+) state of radioactive Kr-76 (T-1/2 = 14.8 h) has been measured, extending the systematics of the previously measured stable Kr-78,Kr-80,Kr-82,Kr-84,Kr-86 isotopes. The measurement was performed with a radioactive Kr-76 ion beam applying projectile Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics combined with the transient magnetic field technique. The Kr-76 beam was produced and accelerated in batch mode (re-cyclotron method) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-Inch Cyclotron. A total of three production and acceleration cycles yielded six hours of beam on target with peak rates of 10(8) particles/s. About 5.6 x 10(4) particle-gamma coincidence events were recorded. The g factor g(Kr-76; 2(1)(+)) = +0.37(11) was obtained by direct comparison to the known g(Kr-78; 2(1)(+)) value re-measured immediately after the Kr-76 runs with the same setup and under almost identical kinematic conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Brighton, Sch Engn, Brighton BN2 4GJ, E Sussex, England. Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kumbartzki, G (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM kum@physics.rutgers.edu RI Mertzimekis, Theo/A-3287-2008; Taylor, Michael/N-1725-2015 OI Mertzimekis, Theo/0000-0001-9191-7903; Taylor, Michael/0000-0002-8718-3684 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 591 IS 3-4 BP 213 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.04.040 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 831KU UT WOS:000222194100003 ER PT J AU Liu, G Kerr, JB Johnson, S AF Liu, G Kerr, JB Johnson, S TI Dark spot formation relative to ITO surface roughness for polyfluorene devices SO SYNTHETIC METALS LA English DT Article DE OLED; failure mechanism; ITO surface; dark spot; interface ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYMER; FAILURE AB The failure behaviors of ITO/PEDOT;PSS/polyfluorene/Al devices are different depending on the surface roughness of the sputtered ITO anode film. The spikes on ITO surface are responsible for the initial local shorts of the device, which develop into dark spots very quickly. Indium adsorption is observed on the polymer and Al cathode interface. A chemical etching procedure is used to smoothen the ITO surface without changing the ITO thickness and the sheet resistance. Devices made out of smooth ITO show minimum changes at polymer-cathode interface during operation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 62R0203, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gliu@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0379-6779 J9 SYNTHETIC MET JI Synth. Met. PD JUL 8 PY 2004 VL 144 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.01.011 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 824LO UT WOS:000221688300001 ER PT J AU McClelland, MA Westerberg, KW AF McClelland, MA Westerberg, KW TI Material and energy flow in a metal evaporation system with moving boundaries SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; LIQUID BRIDGES; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS; 3 DIMENSIONS; PART II; INSTABILITIES; VOLUME; MOTION AB Finite-element calculations are performed for the transient material and energy flow in a system to evaporate pure titanium. A 60-kW electron beam is used to heat the end of a 10.16-cm-diameter cylindrical rod, which is fed vertically through a water-cooled crucible. Vapor emanates from a liquid pool in which flow is driven strongly by buoyancy and capillary forces. At high evaporation rates, the vapor exerts strong shear and normal forces on the liquid-vapor interface. The MELT finite-element code is used to calculate transient, axisymmetric flow and temperature fields, along with liquid-solid and liquid-vapor interface locations. The influence of the vapor on the liquid top surface is treated using boundary conditions with parameters determined from Monte Carlo results. The upper and lower interfaces of the liquid pool are tracked using a mesh structured with rotating spines. The finite-element results show a characteristic response time of 20 ms to variations in electron beam power. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McClelland, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mcclelland1@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 14 BP 3948 EP 3956 DI 10.1021/ie030731i PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 834WI UT WOS:000222441200043 ER PT J AU Junker, C Sheahan, JN Jennings, SG O'Brien, P Hinds, BD Martinez-Twary, E Hansen, ADA White, C Garvey, DM Pinnick, RG AF Junker, C Sheahan, JN Jennings, SG O'Brien, P Hinds, BD Martinez-Twary, E Hansen, ADA White, C Garvey, DM Pinnick, RG TI Measurement and analysis of aerosol and black carbon in the southwestern United States and Panama and their dependence on air mass origin SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE black carbon; aerosol mass; air mass trajectory; aerosol absorption; statistical analysis of aerosol data; time series analysis of aerosol data ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; MACE-HEAD; ELEMENTAL CARBON; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; THERMAL MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOURCE REGIONS AB Total aerosol mass loading, aerosol absorption, and black carbon ( BC) content were determined from aerosol collected on 598 quartz fiber filters at a remote, semiarid site near Orogrande, New Mexico from December 1989 to October 1995. Aerosol mass was determined by weighing filters before and after exposure, and aerosol absorption was determined by measuring the visible light transmitted through loaded filter samples and converting these measurements to aerosol absorption. BC content was determined by measuring visible light transmitted through filter samples before and after firing and converting the absorption to BC mass, assuming a BC absorption cross section of 19 m(2)/g in the fiber filter medium. Two analyses were then performed on each of the logged variables: an autoregressive integrating moving average (ARIMA) analysis and a decomposition analysis using an autoregressive model to accommodate first-order autocorrelation. The two analyses reveal that BC mass has no statistically significant seasonal dependence at the 5% level of significance but only random fluctuations varying around an average annual value that has a long-term decreasing trend (from 0.16 to 0.11 mug/m(3) during 1990-1995). Aerosol absorption, which is dominated by BC, also displays random fluctuations about an average value, and decreases from 1.9 Mm(-1) to 1.3 Mm(-1) during the same period. Unlike BC, aerosol mass at the Orogrande site displays distinctly different character. The analyses reveal a pronounced seasonal dependence, but no long-term trend for aerosol mass. The seasonal indices resulting from the autoregression analysis have a minimum in January (-0.78) and maximum in June (+0.58). The geometric mean value over the 1990-1995 period for aerosol mass is 16.0 mug/m(3). Since BC aerosol at the Orogrande site is a product of long-range atmospheric transport, a back trajectory analysis of air masses was conducted. Back trajectory analyses indicate that air masses traversing high population centres on the west coast of the USA can lead to significant BC loading, while air masses originating from the southeast of the site tend to have less BC. Additional aerosol measurements are reported for a remote maritime site located on the Atlantic side of the former Panama Canal Zone for the 1976-1979 period, although these data have been analyzed with less statistical rigor. The average geometric mean value of aerosol mass loading for this site is 9.7 mug/m(3), with a significant decreasing trend of -19% per year. The mean value of aerosol absorption is 0.59 Mm(-1), with a decreasing trend of -15% per year. C1 Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Expt Phys, Atmospher Res Grp, Galway, Ireland. Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Math, Galway, Ireland. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 88002 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Junker, C (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Expt Phys, Atmospher Res Grp, Galway, Ireland. EM carsten.junker@nuigalway.ie; jerome.sheahan@nuigalway.ie; gerard.jennings@nuigalway.ie; phillip.obrien@nuigalway.ie; tonyhansen@mageesci.com; dgarvey@arl.army.mil; rpinnick@arl.army.mil RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 58 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D13 AR D13201 DI 10.1029/2003JD004066 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 837RV UT WOS:000222654600001 ER PT J AU Irving, DL Sinnott, SB Wood, RF AF Irving, DL Sinnott, SB Wood, RF TI Building a better unit cell: application to the Ag(111)/GaAs(110) system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN METAL-FILMS; AG FILMS; GAAS(110); DENSITY; GROWTH; ENERGY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; EXCHANGE AB First-principles computational techniques are often employed in studies of heterogeneous material interfaces. In many cases the interface to be studied is not coherent or is only coherent over a small length scale and approximations to the unit cell are necessary to carry out the calculations. Instead of using large, computationally intractable unit cells, artificial strain is frequently induced into one or both of the materials making up the interface. This paper presents calculated adhesion energies for a variety of unit cells all chosen to model the Ag(1 1 1)/GaAs(1 1 0) interface. The results show that the calculated adhesion energy of a single monolayer of Ag is more dependent on the type of artificial strain introduced into the system than it is on the absolute magnitude of strain, and that the surface density of Ag within the monolayer is a crucial factor. The optimized surface structures are also analysed. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Irving, DL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 154 Rhines Hall,POB 116400, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM sinnott@mse.ufl.edu RI Irving, Douglas/A-1247-2010; Sinnott, Susan/P-8523-2014 OI Sinnott, Susan/0000-0002-3598-0403 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 26 BP 4661 EP 4676 AR PII S0953-8984(04)75052-3 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/26/002 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 843LV UT WOS:000223086300004 ER PT J AU Vicic, DA Anderson, TJ Cowan, JA Schultz, AJ AF Vicic, DA Anderson, TJ Cowan, JA Schultz, AJ TI Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of a dinuclear metal complex with linear M-H-M bonding SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; CR BOND; X-RAY; 3-CENTER; HYDRIDE; LIGANDS; BENT C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vicic, DA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dvicic@uark.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 15569] NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 26 BP 8132 EP 8133 DI 10.1021/ja047956k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 834IS UT WOS:000222405400034 PM 15225051 ER PT J AU Lewis, FD Wu, YS Zhang, LG Zuo, XB Hayes, RT Wasielewski, MR AF Lewis, FD Wu, YS Zhang, LG Zuo, XB Hayes, RT Wasielewski, MR TI DNA-Mmdiated exciton coupling and electron transfer between donor and acceptor stilbenes separated by a variable number of base pairs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; HAIRPINS; DYNAMICS; ENERGETICS; LINKERS; TRIPLEX; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; STABILITY; BRIDGE AB The synthesis, steady-state spectroscopy, and transient absorption spectroscopy of DNA conjugates possessing both stilbene electron donor and electron acceptor chromophores are described. These conjugates are proposed to form nicked DNA dumbbell structures in which a stilbenedicarboxamide acceptor and stilbenediether donor are separated by variable numbers of A-T or G-C base pairs. The nick is located either adjacent to one of the chromophores or between two of the bases. Thermal dissociation profiles indicate that stable structures are formed possessing as few as two A-T base pairs. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra in the base pair region are characteristic of B-DNA duplex structures, whereas CD spectra at longer wavelengths display two bands attributed to exciton coupling between the two stilbenes. The sign and intensity of these bands are dependent upon both the distance between the chromophores and the dihedral angle between their transition dipoles [Deltais an element of approximate to R-da(-2) sin(2theta)]. Pulsed laser excitation of the stilbenediamide results in creation of the acceptor-donor radical ion pair, which decays via charge recombination. The dynamics of charge separation and charge recombination display an exponential distance dependence, similar to that observed previously for systems in which guanine serves as the electron donor. Unlike exciton coupling between the stilbenes, there is no apparent dependence of the charge-transfer rates upon the dihedral angle between donor and acceptor stilbenes. The introduction of a single G-C base pair between the donor and acceptor results in a change in the mechanism for charge separation from single step superexchange to hole hopping. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lewis, FD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM lewis@chem.northwestern.edu; wasielew@chem.northwestern.edu RI Zuo, Xiaobing/F-1469-2010 NR 36 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 26 BP 8206 EP 8215 DI 10.1021/ja048664m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 834IS UT WOS:000222405400045 PM 15225062 ER PT J AU Gianotto, AK Rawlinson, JW Cossel, KC Olson, JE Appelhans, AD Groenewold, GS AF Gianotto, AK Rawlinson, JW Cossel, KC Olson, JE Appelhans, AD Groenewold, GS TI Hydration of alumina cluster anions in the gas phase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLAR MOLECULE COLLISIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; CHROMIUM OXYANIONS; 1ST PRINCIPLES; AL2O3 MOLECULE; SODIUM-NITRATE; 0001 SURFACE; TRAP AB Hydration reactions of anionic aluminum oxide clusters were measured using a quadrupole ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometer, wherein the number of Lewis acid sites were determined. The extent of hydration varied irregularly as cluster size increased and indicated that the clusters possessed condensed structures where the majority of the Al atoms were fully coordinated, with a limited number of undercoordinated sites susceptible to hydrolysis. For maximally hydrated ions, the number of OH groups per Al decreased in an exponential fashion from 4.0 in All cluster to 1.4 in the Al-9 cluster, which was greater than that expected for a highly hydroxylated surface but less than that for solution phase alumina clusters. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Rexburg, ID 83460 USA. RP Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM gsg@inel.gov NR 97 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 26 BP 8275 EP 8283 DI 10.1021/ja0492945 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 834IS UT WOS:000222405400053 PM 15225070 ER PT J AU Ahrens, MJ Sinks, LE Rybtchinski, B Liu, WH Jones, BA Giaimo, JM Gusev, AV Goshe, AJ Tiede, DM Wasielewski, MR AF Ahrens, MJ Sinks, LE Rybtchinski, B Liu, WH Jones, BA Giaimo, JM Gusev, AV Goshe, AJ Tiede, DM Wasielewski, MR TI Self-assembly of supramolecular light-harvesting arrays from covalent multi-chromophore peryiene-3,4 : 9,10-bis(dicarboximide) building blocks SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SYNTHETIC MULTIPORPHYRIN ARRAYS; SINGLET-SINGLET ANNIHILATION; INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; EXCITON-EXCITON ANNIHILATION; CONJUGATED PORPHYRIN TAPES; PI-PI INTERACTIONS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; MULTICHROMOPHORIC DENDRIMERS; MESOSCOPIC SUPERSTRUCTURES AB We report on two multi-chromophore building blocks that self-assemble in solution and on surfaces into supramolecular light-harvesting arrays. Each building block is based on perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) chromophores. In one building block, N-phenyl PDI chromophores are attached at their para positions to both nitrogens and the 3 and 6 carbons of pyromellitimide to form a cross-shaped molecule (PI-PDI(4)). In the second building block, N-phenyl PDI chromophores; are attached at their para. positions to both nitrogens and the 1 and 7 carbons of a fifth PDI to produce a saddle-shaped molecule (PDI(5)). These molecules self-assemble into partially ordered dimeric structures (PI-PDI(4))(2) and (PDI(5))(2) in toluene and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solutions with the PDI molecules approximately parallel to one another primarily due to pi-pi interactions between adjacent PDI chromophores. On hydrophobic surfaces, PDI(5) grows into rod-shaped nanostructures of average length 130 nm as revealed by atomic force microscopy. Photoexcitation of these supramolecular dimers in solution gives direct evidence of strong pi-pi interactions between the excited PDI chromophore and other PDI molecules nearby based on the observed formation of an excimer-like state in <130 fs with a lifetime of about 20 ns. Multiple photoexcitations of the supramolecular dimers lead to fast singlet-singlet annihilation of the excimer-like state, which occurs with exciton hopping times of about 5 ps, which are comparable to those observed in photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins from green plants. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Ctr Nanofabricat & Mol Self Assembly, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wasielewski, MR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM wasielew@chem.northwestern.edu RI Sinks, Louise/A-4982-2012 NR 95 TC 221 Z9 223 U1 9 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 26 BP 8284 EP 8294 DI 10.1021/ja039820c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 834IS UT WOS:000222405400054 PM 15225071 ER PT J AU Dey, A Glaser, T Couture, MMJ Eltis, LD Holm, RH Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Dey, A Glaser, T Couture, MMJ Eltis, LD Holm, RH Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI Ligand K-Edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of [Fe4S4](1+,2+,3+) clusters: Changes in bonding and electronic relaxation upon redox SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; ACTIVE-SITES; TRANSFER REACTIVITY; CHROMATIUM-VINOSUM; SYNTHETIC ANALOGS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MODEL COMPLEXES; G-TENSORS; COVALENCY; METAL AB Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is reported for [Fe4S4](1+,2+,3+) clusters. The results are quantitatively and qualitatively compared with DFT calculations. The change in covalency upon redox in both the [Fe4S4](1+/2+) (ferredoxin) and the [Fe4S4](2+/3+) (HPIP) couple are much larger than that expected from just the change in number of 3d holes. Moreover, the change in the HiPIP couple is higher than that of the ferredoxin couple. These changes in electronic structure are analyzed using DFT calculations in terms of contributions from the nature of the redox active molecular orbital (RAMO) and electronic relaxation. The results indicate that the RAMO of HiPIP has 50% ligand character, and hence, the HiPIP redox couple involves limited electronic relaxation. Alternatively, the RAMO of the ferredoxin couple is metal-based, and the ferredoxin redox couple involves extensive electronic relaxation. The contributions of these RAMO differences to ET processes in the different proteins are discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Biochem, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; edward.solomon@stanford.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013; Eltis, Lindsay/J-8272-2015; Glaser, Thorsten/H-5187-2013 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349; Eltis, Lindsay/0000-0002-6774-8158; Glaser, Thorsten/0000-0003-2056-7701 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 28856] NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 26 BP 8320 EP 8328 DI 10.1021/ja0484956 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 834IS UT WOS:000222405400058 PM 15225075 ER PT J AU Chowell, G Hengartner, NW Castillo-Chavez, C Fenimore, PW Hyman, JM AF Chowell, G Hengartner, NW Castillo-Chavez, C Fenimore, PW Hyman, JM TI The basic reproductive number of Ebola and the effects of public health measures: the cases of Congo and Uganda SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ebola; reproductive number; Congo; Uganda; outbreak; interventions ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUS; DISEASE; SEARCH AB Despite improved control measures, Ebola remains a serious public health risk in African regions where recurrent outbreaks have been observed since the initial epidemic in 1976. Using epidemic modeling and data from two well-documented Ebola outbreaks (Congo 1995 and Uganda 2000), we estimate the number of secondary cases generated by an index case in the absence of control interventions (R-0). Our estimate of R-0 is 1.83 (SD 0.06) for Congo (1995) and 1.34 (SD 0.03) for Uganda (2000). We model the course of the outbreaks via an SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed) epidemic model that includes a smooth transition in the transmission rate after control interventions are put in place. We perform an uncertainty analysis of the basic reproductive number R-0 to quantify its sensitivity to other disease-related parameters. We also analyse the sensitivity of the final epidemic size to the time interventions begin and provide a distribution for the final epidemic size. The control measures implemented during these two outbreaks (including education and contact tracing followed by quarantine) reduce the final epidemic size by a factor of 2 relative the final size with a 2-week delay in their implementation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chowell, G (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gc82@cornell.edu RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos/E-1412-2014; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos/0000-0002-1046-3901; Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 NR 26 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 9 U2 85 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUL 7 PY 2004 VL 229 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.03.006 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 831JZ UT WOS:000222192000011 PM 15178190 ER PT J AU Holt, NE Fleming, GR Niyogi, KK AF Holt, NE Fleming, GR Niyogi, KK TI Toward an understanding of the mechanism of nonphotochemical quenching in green plants SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE; PIGMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; CAROTENOID S-1 STATE; II SUBUNIT CP29; 22 KDA PROTEIN; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; IN-VIVO AB Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants involves highly reactive intermediates and byproducts that can damage the photosynthetic apparatus and other chloroplast constituents. The potential for damage is exacerbated when the amount of absorbed light exceeds the capacity for light energy utilization in photosynthesis, a condition that can lead to decreases in photosynthetic efficiency. A feedback de-excitation mechanism (qE), measured as a component of nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, regulates photosynthetic light harvesting in excess light in response to a change in thylakoid lumen pH. qE involves de-excitation of the singlet excited state of chlorophyll in the light-harvesting antenna of photosystem II, thereby minimizing the deleterious effects of high light via thermal dissipation of excess excitation energy. While the physiological importance of qE has been recognized for many years, a description of its physical mechanism remains elusive. We summarize recent biochemical and spectroscopic results that have brought us closer to the goal of a mechanistic understanding of this fundamental photosynthetic regulatory process. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Niyogi, KK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 111 Koshland Hal, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM niyogi@nature.berkeley.edu NR 76 TC 229 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 6 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 26 BP 8281 EP 8289 DI 10.1021/bi0494020 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 834OQ UT WOS:000222420800001 PM 15222740 ER PT J AU Gupta, V Peterson, CB Dice, LT Uchiki, T Racca, J Guo, JT Ying-Xu Hettich, R Zhao, XL Rothstein, R Dealwis, CG AF Gupta, V Peterson, CB Dice, LT Uchiki, T Racca, J Guo, JT Ying-Xu Hettich, R Zhao, XL Rothstein, R Dealwis, CG TI Sm11p is a dimer in solution: Characterization of denaturation and of recombinant Sm11p SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REDUCTASE INHIBITOR SML1; CELL-CYCLE REGULATION; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DNA-DAMAGE; GUANIDINE-HYDROCHLORIDE; MITOTIC RECOMBINATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; CHECKPOINT AB Sm11p is a small 104-amino acid protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that binds to the large subunit (Rnr1p) of the ribonucleotide reductase complex (RNR) and inhibits its activity. During DNA damage, S phase, or both, RNR activity must be tightly regulated, since failure to control the cellular level of dNTP pools may lead to genetic abnormalities, such as genome rearrangements, or even cell death. Structural characterization of Sm11p is an important step in understanding the regulation of RNR. Until now the oligomeric state of Sm11p was unknown. Mass spectrometric analysis of wild-type Sm11p revealed an intermolecular disulfide bond involving the cysteine residue at position 14 of the primary sequence. To determine whether disulfide bonding is essential for Sm11p oligomerization, we mutated the Cys14 to serine. Sedimentation equilibrium measurements in the analytical ultracentrifuge show that both wild-type and C14S Sm11p exist as dimers in solution, indicating that the dimerization is not a result of a disulfide bond. Further studies of several truncated Sm11p mutants revealed that the N-terminal 8-20 residues are responsible for dimerization. Unfolding/refolding studies of wild-type and C14S Sm11p reveal that both proteins retold reversibly and have almost identical unfolding/refolding profiles. It appears that Sm11p is a two-domain protein where the N-terminus is responsible for dimerization and the C-terminus for binding and inhibiting Rnr1p activity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Genome Sci & Technol Grad Sch, Prot Informat Grp,Life Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Genet & Dev, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Dealwis, CG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Walter Life Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cdealwis@utk.edu RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X FU NCI NIH HHS [1R01CA100827-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM50237, R01 GM080670] NR 53 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUL 6 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 26 BP 8568 EP 8578 DI 10.1021/bi0361721 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 834OQ UT WOS:000222420800029 PM 15222768 ER PT J AU Yoon, TH Johnson, SB Brown, GE AF Yoon, TH Johnson, SB Brown, GE TI Adsorption of Suwannee River fulvic acid on aluminum oxyhydroxide surfaces: An in situ ATR-FTIR study SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION INTERFACE; BOEHMITE GAMMA-ALOOH; ORGANIC-MATTER; MINERAL SURFACES; INNER-SPHERE; HUMIC-ACID; GOETHITE; COMPLEXATION; SORPTION; SOILS AB The adsorption of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) on boehmite, gammaw-AIO(OH), has been examined by both macroscopic adsorption and in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopic techniques. At a SRFA concentration approaching surface saturation (Gamma = 5.3 mumol m(-2)), adsorption is at a maximum at low pH and decreases as pH is increased. The ATR-FTIR spectral features of adsorbed SRFA are very similar to those measured approximately 1-2 pH units higher in solution, indicating that (i) the SRFA appears to be predominantly adsorbed at the boehmite/water interface in an outer-sphere complexation mode and (ii) the positively charged boehmite/water interface stabilizes SRFA molecules against protonation at low pH. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brown, GE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gordon@pangea.stanford.edu NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 6 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 14 BP 5655 EP 5658 DI 10.1021/la0499214 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 834RU UT WOS:000222429200004 PM 16459573 ER PT J AU Han, L Wu, W Kirk, FL Luo, J Maye, MM Kariuki, NN Lin, YH Wang, CM Zhong, CJ AF Han, L Wu, W Kirk, FL Luo, J Maye, MM Kariuki, NN Lin, YH Wang, CM Zhong, CJ TI A direct route toward assembly of nanoparticle-carbon nanotube composite materials SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; GOLD CLUSTER MOLECULES; ALLOY NANOPARTICLES; CORE; FILMS; STORAGE; SIZE; ELECTRODES; CHEMISTRY; NETWORK AB The preparation of nanocomposite materials from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal or metal oxide nanoparticles has important implications to the development of advanced catalytic and sensory materials. This paper reports findings of an investigation of the preparation of nanoparticle-coated carbon nanotube composite materials. Our approach involves molecularly mediated assembly of monolayer-capped nanoparticles on multiwalled CNTs via a combination of hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the capping/mediating shell and the CNT surface. The advantage of this route is that it does not require tedious surface modification of CNTs. We have demonstrated its simplicity and effectiveness for assembling alkanethiolate-capped gold nanoparticles of 2-5 nm core sizes onto CNTs with controllable coverage and spatially isolated character. The loading and distribution of the nanoparticles on CNTs depend on the relative concentrations of gold nanoparticles, CNTs, and mediating or linking agents. The composite nanomaterials can be dispersed in organic solvent, and the capping/linking shells can be removed by thermal treatment to produce controllable nanocrystals on the CNT surfaces. The nanocomposite materials are characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The results will be discussed in terms of developing advanced catalytic and sensory nanomaterials. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhong, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM cjzhong@binghamton.edu RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; NR 45 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 6 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 14 BP 6019 EP 6025 DI 10.1021/la0497907 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 834RU UT WOS:000222429200056 PM 16459625 ER PT J AU Gopal, V Stach, EA Radmilovic, VR Mowat, IA AF Gopal, V Stach, EA Radmilovic, VR Mowat, IA TI Metal delocalization and surface decoration in direct-write nanolithography by electron beam induced deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES AB The ability to interconnect different nanostructures is crucial to nanocircuit fabrication efforts. A simple and versatile direct-write nanolithography technique for the fabrication of interconnects is presented. Decomposition of a metalorganic precursor gas by a focused electron beam resulted in the deposition of conductive platinum nanowires. The combination of in situ secondary electron imaging with deposition allows for the simultaneous identification and interconnection of nanoscale components. However, the deposition was not entirely localized to the electron beam raster area, as shown by secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements. The electrical impact of the metallic spread was quantified by measuring the leakage current between closely spaced wires. The origins of the spread and strategies for minimizing it are discussed. These results indicate that, while this direct-write methodology is a convenient one for rapid prototyping of nanocircuits, caution must be used to avoid unwanted decoration of nanostructures by metallic species. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Charles Evans & Associates, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Gopal, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vgopal@lbl.gov RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 10 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 49 EP 51 DI 10.1063/1.1765736 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 833SX UT WOS:000222360300017 ER PT J AU Xie, YY Wu, JZ Yun, SH Emergo, R Aga, R Christen, DK AF Xie, YY Wu, JZ Yun, SH Emergo, R Aga, R Christen, DK TI Magnetic flux pinning enhancement in HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta films on vicinal substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EPITAXIAL YBA2CU3O7-X FILMS; O THIN-FILMS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; GROWTH-MECHANISM; CATION-EXCHANGE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURES; SRTIO3(001) AB High-temperature superconducting HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta films were fabricated on the vicinal surfaces of 4degrees-miscut SrTiO3 single crystal substrates in a cation-exchange process, with the purpose to induce additional growth defects via a step-flow growth mode on the miscut substrates. The critical current densities (J(c)) of these films were measured using a standard four-probe method with magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the film surface. The vicinal Hg-1212 films indeed showed higher J(c)'s in magnetic fields and irreversibility fields (H-irr) than that on 0degrees-cut SrTiO3. H-irr at 77 K is 2.1 T for the film grown 0degrees-cut SrTiO3, and is enhanced to 2.7 T for the one grown on 4degrees-miscut SrTiO3. If optimized so that the shape and the density of the defects can be controlled experimentally, this may be a promising way of improve magnetic flux pinning for many practical applications related to coated conductors. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xie, YY (reprint author), SuperPower Inc, 450 Duane Ave, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. EM yyxie@kualumni.org NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 70 EP 72 DI 10.1063/1.1763985 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 833SX UT WOS:000222360300024 ER PT J AU Lee, TH Kumar, P Mehta, A Xu, KW Dickson, RM Barnes, MD AF Lee, TH Kumar, P Mehta, A Xu, KW Dickson, RM Barnes, MD TI Oriented semiconducting polymer nanostructures as on-demand room-temperature single-photon sources SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMERS; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; VINYLENE); MOLECULES; RESONANCE AB We show that oriented nanostructures from single molecules of a conducting polymer act as highly robust room-temperature single-photon sources. Individual z-oriented polymer nanostructures show high-contrast photon antibunching with a modulation depth exceeding 90%. These results suggest the feasibility of a "push-button" technology for polymer-based single-photon sources in photonic-based quantum information processing applications. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barnesmd1@ornl.gov RI Lee, Tae-Hee/A-1266-2010 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 100 EP 102 DI 10.1063/1.1768301 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 833SX UT WOS:000222360300034 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Zhao, YS Schiferl, D Zha, CS Downs, RT AF Wang, ZW Zhao, YS Schiferl, D Zha, CS Downs, RT TI Pressure induced increase of particle size and resulting weakening of elastic stiffness of CeO2 nanocrystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; COMPRESSIBILITY; NANOPARTICLES; MODULUS; NI AB We demonstrate that the compressibility of cubic fluorite-structure CeO2 nanocrystals (10 nm) increases at pressures above similar to20 GPa. At ambient pressure, CeO2 nanocrystals exhibit larger cell parameters than micro-sized samples, and initially exhibit a higher bulk modulus of 328(12) GPa. However, above 20 GPa, the bulk modulus is reduced to 230(10) GPa. Thus, a critical pressure of similar to20 GPa was determined that signifies the onset of size-induced weakening of elastic stiffness in nanocrystalline CeO2. Comparison of the x-ray diffraction peaks widths between the platinum standard and CeO2 indicates that a significant increase of particle size in CeO2 appears at a pressure of similar to20 GPa. It is suggested that the initial large value of the bulk modulus is a result of either an enhanced surface energy or from the pressure induced stiffness of Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (mu); while the weakening of the elastic stiffness above 20 GPa is due to a pressure-induced increase of particle size. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Wilson Lab, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM z_wang@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 1 BP 124 EP 126 DI 10.1063/1.1768298 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 833SX UT WOS:000222360300042 ER PT J AU Wunschel, DS Masselon, C Feng, BB Smith, RD AF Wunschel, DS Masselon, C Feng, BB Smith, RD TI Proofreading activity of Pfu thermostable DNA polymerase on a 6-O-methylguanine-containing template monitored by ESI-FTICR mass spectrometry SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE base modification; exonuclease activity; mass spectrometry; pfu; polymerase chain reaction ID CHAIN-REACTION PRODUCTS; PCR PRODUCTS; REPAIR; O6-METHYLGUANINE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; O-6-METHYLGUANINE; REPLICATION; KINETICS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Gene Express & Prot Biochem, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. RP Wunschel, DS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.wunschel@pnl.gov RI Wunschel, David/F-3820-2010; Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI Chembiochem PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 5 IS 7 BP 1012 EP 1015 DI 10.1002/cbic.200400059 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 836EQ UT WOS:000222538800020 PM 15239064 ER PT J AU Rivera, SN Gaudioso, J Barnett, N Salerno, RM AF Rivera, SN Gaudioso, J Barnett, N Salerno, RM TI A bioterror risk-assessment methodology SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rivera, SN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sbriver@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3535 MARKET ST, SUITE 200, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3385 USA SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD JUL 5 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 13 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834RL UT WOS:000222428200004 ER PT J AU Gibbard, SG de Pater, I Macintosh, BA Roe, HG Max, CE Young, EF McKay, CP AF Gibbard, SG de Pater, I Macintosh, BA Roe, HG Max, CE Young, EF McKay, CP TI Titan's 2 mu m surface albedo and haze optical depth in 1996-2004 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; TROPOSPHERIC CLOUDS; TRIPLE CORRELATION; SEASONAL-CHANGE; IMAGES AB We observed Titan in 1996-2004 with high-resolution 2 mm speckle and adaptive optics imaging at the W. M. Keck Observatory. By observing in a 2 mm broadband filter we obtain images that have contributions from both Titan's surface and atmosphere. We have modeled Titan's atmosphere using a plane-parallel radiative transfer code that has been corrected to agree with 3-D Monte Carlo predictions. We find that Titan's surface albedo ranges from less than or equal to0.02 in the darkest equatorial region of the trailing hemisphere to similar or equal to0.1 in the brightest areas of the leading hemisphere. Over the past quarter of a Saturnian year haze optical depth in Titan's Southern hemisphere has decreased substantially from a value of 0.48 in 1996 down to 0.18 in 2004, while the northern haze has been increasing over the past few years. As a result of these changes, in 2004 the North/South haze asymmetry at K' band has disappeared. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 94064 USA. SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Gibbard, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sgibbard@igpp.ucllnl.org OI Max, Claire/0000-0003-0682-5436 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 17 AR L17S02 DI 10.1029/2004GL019803 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 839JK UT WOS:000222779900001 ER PT J AU Lichterfeld, M Yu, XG Cohen, D Addo, MM Malenfant, J Perkins, B Pae, E Johnston, MN Strick, D Allen, TM Rosenberg, ES Korber, B Walker, BD Altfeld, M AF Lichterfeld, M Yu, XG Cohen, D Addo, MM Malenfant, J Perkins, B Pae, E Johnston, MN Strick, D Allen, TM Rosenberg, ES Korber, B Walker, BD Altfeld, M TI HIV-1 Nef is preferentially recognized by CD8 T cells in primary HIV-1 infection despite a relatively high degree of genetic diversity SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE acute HIV-1 infection; HIV-specific CD8 T cells; cellular immune responses; HIV-1 Nef; clade B consensus sequence; viral entropy; HLA ID VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CLASS-I ALLELES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LYMPHOCYTE ESCAPE; VIRAL DIVERSITY; VIREMIA; EXPRESSION; LOAD; HLA AB Objective: To compare the magnitude, breadth and protein specificity of HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses against the clade B consensus sequence during primary and chronic HIV-1 infection and to analyze the impact of viral diversity on the localization of detected responses. Methods: HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses against the clade B consensus sequence in individuals with acute (n = 10), early (n = 19) and chronic (n = 10) infection were longitudinally assessed using an interferon-gamma EliSpot assay. Results: CD8 T-cell responses against clade B consensus sequences were preferentially directed against central regions of Nef during primary HIV-1 infection, despite a relatively higher degree of genetic diversity compared with other subsequently targeted regions. In subjects with acute and early infection, Nef-specific CD8 T-cell responses against the consensus Nef sequence represented 94 and 46% of the total magnitude of HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses, respectively. Subjects with untreated chronic infection exhibited broadly diversified CD8 T-cell responses against more conserved viral regions, with only 17% of virus-specific T-cell responses targeting Nef. The initial immunodominance of Nef persisted in individuals with treated,acute infection, but shifted rapidly to Gag, Env and Pol in subjects with continuous antigen exposure. Conclusion: These data show that despite relatively high sequence variability, viral regions within the clade B consensus sequence of Nef are preferentially recognized during primary HIV-1 infection. Later diversification of responses to other proteins during prolonged antigen exposure provides evidence of the initial preferential immunogenicity of Nef epitopes compared to similarly conserved regions within other viral proteins. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02129 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boston, MA 02129 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aids, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Fenway Community Hlth Care Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Los Almos Natl Lab, HIV Immunol Database, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Altfeld, M (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, 149 13th St,Rm 6613, Boston, MA 02129 USA. RI Allen, Todd/F-5473-2011; OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 33 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1383 EP 1392 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000131329.51633.a3 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 837NF UT WOS:000222641500004 PM 15199314 ER PT J AU Corbett, MC Hu, YL Naderi, F Ribbe, MW Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF Corbett, MC Hu, YL Naderi, F Ribbe, MW Hedman, B Hodgson, KO TI Comparison of iron-molybdenum cofactor-deficient nitrogenase MoFe proteins by X-ray absorption spectroscopy - Implications for P-cluster biosynthesis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII NITROGENASE; FEMO-COFACTOR; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 4FE-4S CLUSTERS; DINITROGENASE REDUCTASE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; PHOSPHINE CLUSTERS; NIFB COFACTOR; SULFUR AB Nitrogenase, the enzyme system responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, is believed to utilize two unique metalloclusters in catalysis. There is considerable interest in understanding how these metalloclusters are assembled in vivo. It has been presumed that immature iron-molybdenum cofactor-deficient nitrogenase MoFe proteins contain the P-cluster, although no biosynthetic pathway for the assembly of this complex cluster has been identified as yet. Through the comparison by iron K-edge x-ray absorption edge and extended fine structure analyses of cofactor-deficient MoFe proteins resulting from nifH and nifB deletion strains of Azotobacter vinelandii, a novel [Fe-S] cluster is identified in the DeltanifH MoFe protein. The iron-iron scattering displayed by the DeltanifH MoFe protein is more similar to that of a standard [Fe4S4]-containing protein than that of the DeltanifB MoFe protein, which is shown to contain a "normal" P-cluster. The iron-sulfur scattering of the DeltanifH MoFe protein, however, indicates differences in its cluster from an [Fe4S4](Cys)(4) site that may be consistent with the presence of either oxygenic or nitrogenic ligation. Based on these results, models for the [Fe-S] center in the DeltanifH MoFe protein are constructed, the most likely of which consist of two separate [ Fe4S4] sites, each with some non-cysteinyl coordination. This type of model suggests that the P-cluster is formed by the condensation of two [ Fe4S4] fragments, possibly concomitant with Fe protein (NifH)-induced conformational change. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hedman, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 67626] NR 68 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 27 BP 28276 EP 28282 DI 10.1074/jbc.M403156200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 832KC UT WOS:000222265400058 PM 15102840 ER PT J AU Ogawa, H Qiu, Y Ogata, CM Misono, KS AF Ogawa, H Qiu, Y Ogata, CM Misono, KS TI Crystal structure of hormone-bound atrial natriuretic peptide receptor extracellular domain - Rotation mechanism for transmembrane signal transduction SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GUANYLYL-CYCLASE; ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTOR; VASORELAXANT ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; BINDING DOMAIN; ANP RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION; SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; HYPERTENSION AB A cardiac hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plays a major role in blood pressure and volume regulation. ANP activities are mediated by a single span transmembrane receptor carrying intrinsic guanylate cyclase activity. ANP binding to its extracellular domain stimulates guanylate cyclase activity by an as yet unknown mechanism. Here we report the crystal structure of dimerized extracellular hormone-binding domain in complex with ANP. The structural comparison with the unliganded receptor reveals that hormone binding causes the two receptor monomers to undergo an intermolecular twist with little intramolecular conformational change. This motion produces a Ferris wheel-like translocation of two juxtamembrane domains in the dimer with essentially no change in the interdomain distance. This movement alters the relative orientation of the two domains by a shift equivalent to counterclock-wise rotation of each by 24degrees. These results suggest that transmembrane signaling by the ANP receptor is initiated via a hormone-induced rotation mechanism. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Misono, KS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kmisono@unr.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54329] NR 43 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 27 BP 28625 EP 28631 DI 10.1074/jbc.M313222200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 832KC UT WOS:000222265400098 PM 15117952 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Effect of the pH, the concentration and the nature of the buffer on the adsorption mechanism of an ionic compound in reversed-phase liquid chromatography II. Analytical and overload band profiles on Symmetry-C-18 and Xterra-C-18 SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE pH effects; mobile phase composition; band profiles; adsorption isotherms; stationary phases; LC; propranolol ID WATER MOBILE PHASES; IONIZABLE COMPOUNDS; C-18-BONDED SILICA; ORGANIC-SOLVENT; RETENTION; ISOTHERM; PERFORMANCE; SURFACE; HPLC; REPRODUCIBILITY AB In a previous report, the influence of the PH, the concentration, and the nature of the buffer on the retention and overloading behavior of propranolol (pK(a) = 9.45) was studied on Kromasil-C-18 at 2.75 < PH < 6.75, using four buffers (phosphate, acetate, phthalate, and succinate), at three concentrations, 6, 20, and 60 mM. The results showed that the propranolol cation was eluted as an ion-pair with the buffer counter-anion. A similar study was carried out with Symmetry-C-18 and Xterra-C-18. Two additional buffers, formate and citrate, were also used. Propranolol elution band profiles were recorded for a small (less than 1 mug) and a large (375 jig) sample size. The results are similar to those obtained with Kromasil and confirm earlier conclusions. The buffer concentration, not its pH, controls the retention time of propranolol, in agreement with the chaotropic model. The retention factor depends also on the nature of the buffer, particularly on its valence, and on the hydrophobicity of the basic anion. With the monovalent anions HCOO- (pH 3.75), H2PO4- (pH 2.75), HOOC-Ph-COO- (PH 2.75), HOOC-CH2-CH2-COO- (PH 4.16), CH3COO- (PH 4.75) and HOOC-CHCOOH-COO- (PH 3.14), at moderate loadings, and for the two larger buffer concentrations, the band profiles are well accounted for by a simple bi-Langmuir isotherm model (no adsorbate-adsorbate interactions). By contrast, these profiles are accounted for by a bi-Moreau isotherm model (i.e., with significant adsorbate-adsorbate interactions) with the bivalent anions - (PH 5.61), Hpo(4)(2-) (PH 6.75), and HOOC-CHCOO--COO- (pH 4.77) and with the -OOC-Ph-COO- (pH 4.75), -OOC-CH2-CH2-COO 4 trivalent anion -OOC-CHCOO--COO- (PH 6.39). The best values of the isotherm parameters were determined using the inverse method. The saturation capacity and the equilibrium constant on the low-energy sites increase with increasing buffer concentration, a result consistent with the formation in the mobile phase of a hydrophobic complex between the propranolol cation and the buffer anion. With bivalent and trivalent anions, adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are strong on the low-energy sites but they remain negligible on the high-energy sites. The density of the high energy sites is lower and the equilibrium constant on the low-energy sites are both higher with the bivalent and the trivalent buffer anions than with the univalent buffer anions. These results are consistent with the formation of a 2:1 and a 3:1 propranolol-buffer complex with the bivalent and the trivalent anions, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 42 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 1041 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.004 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 832RN UT WOS:000222284700008 PM 15281255 ER PT J AU Tian, W Chisholm, MF Khalifah, PG Jin, R Sales, BC Nagler, SE Mandrus, D AF Tian, W Chisholm, MF Khalifah, PG Jin, R Sales, BC Nagler, SE Mandrus, D TI Single crystal growth and characterization of nearly stoichiometric LiVO2 SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE oxides; crystal growth; electron diffraction; magnetic properties ID TRANSITION; LATTICE AB LiVO2 undergoes an imperfectly understood orbital ordering transition near 500 K resulting in a loss of magnetic moment below the transition. Studies of the transition have been hampered by a lack of high-quality stoichiometric single crystals. Here we report the growth and basic characterization of large, nearly stoichiometric LiVO2 single crystals. The crystals were characterized by magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, differential scanning calorimetry, and specific heat measurements over a temperature range from 2 to 650 K. A first-order phase transition with large hysteresis near T-1 approximate to 500 K was observed in all measurements. An anisotropy of the order of 100 was observed in the in-plane versus out-of-plane resistivity, and the inferred semiconducting energy gap was 0.18 eV for T < T-t and 0.14 eV for T < T-t. Electron diffraction experiments were performed on LiVO2 single crystals at temperatures below and above T-t. Superlattice reflections were observed below T-t and disappeared upon heating above the phase transition temperature. Upon cooling below T-t, the supperlattice spots reappeared. Bright field electron micrographs indicate that the crystals develop a roughly hexagonal network of cracks. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tian, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wtian@utk.edu RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1319 EP 1328 DI 10.1016/j.materresbull.2004.03.024 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833TL UT WOS:000222362100016 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Arnoud, Y Avila, C Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baffioni, S Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Claes, D Clark, AR Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davis, GA De, K de Jong, SJ Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Ginther, G Gomez, B Goncharov, PI Gounder, K Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Han, C Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, J Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Klima, B Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mattingly, SEK Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Melnitchouk, A Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Nomerotski, A Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Oshima, N Padley, P Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Rajagopalan, S Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Van Kooten, R Vaniev, V Varelas, N Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A Whiteson, D Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yu, J Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abdesselam, A Abolins, M Abramov, V Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Ahmed, SN Alexeev, GD Alton, A Alves, GA Arnoud, Y Avila, C Babintsev, VV Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baffioni, S Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beaudette, F Begel, M Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, D Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chekulaev, SV Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Claes, D Clark, AR Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Crepe-Renaudin, S Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davis, GA De, K de Jong, SJ Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doulas, S Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyshkant, A Edmunds, D Ellison, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, VN Ferbel, T Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gao, M Gavrilov, V Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Ginther, G Gomez, B Goncharov, PI Gounder, K Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Grinstein, S Groer, L Grunendahl, S Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hall, RE Han, C Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Huang, J Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jaffre, M Jain, S Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jostlein, H Juste, A Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Klima, B Kohli, JM Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krivkova, P Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kuznetsov, VE Landsberg, G Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lucotte, A Lueking, L Lundstedt, C Luo, C Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Marshall, T Martin, MI Mattingly, SEK Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McMahon, T Melanson, HL Melnitchouk, A Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Nomerotski, A Nunnemann, T O'Neil, D Oguri, V Oshima, N Padley, P Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Peters, O Petroff, P Piegaia, R Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Rajagopalan, S Rapidis, PA Reay, NW Reucroft, S Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Rizatdinova, F Rockwell, T Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schwartzman, A Shabalina, E Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Shupe, M Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Slattery, P Smith, RP Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Song, Y Sorin, V Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Steinbruck, G Stoker, D Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strang, MA Strauss, M Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Taylor, W Tentindo-Repond, S Trippe, TG Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Van Kooten, R Vaniev, V Varelas, N Villeneuve-Seguier, F Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, ZM Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A Whiteson, D Wijngaarden, DA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Womersley, J Wood, DR Xu, Q Yamada, R Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yu, J Zanabria, M Zhang, X Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA D0 Collaboration TI Search for pair production of light scalar top quarks in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMILAB TEVATRON; SUPERSYMMETRY; COLLIDER; DETECTOR; SQUARKS; PHYSICS AB Using 85.2+/-3.6 pb(-1) of p (p) over bar collisions collected at roots=1.8 TeV with the D0 detector at Fermilab's Tevatron Collider, we present the results of a search for direct pair production of scalar top quarks ((t) over bar), the supersymmetric partners of the top quark. We examined events containing two or more jets and missing transverse energy, the signature of light scalar top quark decays to charm quarks and neutralinos. After selections, we observe 27 events while expecting 31.1+/-6.4 events from known standard model processes. Comparing these results to next-to-leading-order production cross sections, we exclude a significant region of (t) over tilde and neutralino phase space. In particular, we exclude the (t) over tilde mass m((t) over tilde)<122 GeV/c(2) for a neutralino mass of 45 GeV/c(2). C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, IN2P3, CNRS, Paris, France. CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM, Inst NIKHEF, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 011801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.011801 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900008 ER PT J AU Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, E Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, DA Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, ASW Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, I Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Yuting, B Zanevski, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zhaomin, ZP Zizong, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Adler, C Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bhardwaj, S Bhati, AK Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Majumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faine, V Faivre, J Fatemi, R Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Gronstal, S Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, E Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mangotra, LK Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, D Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Mora-Corral, MJ Morozov, DA Morozov, V de Moura, MM Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, LJ Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Singaraju, RN Simon, F Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, ASW Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G VanderMolen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, I Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, W Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Yuting, B Zanevski, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zhaomin, ZP Zizong, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, J Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Azimuthally sensitive hanbury brown-twiss interferometry in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CORRELATIONS; PION INTERFEROMETRY; COULOMB CORRECTIONS; ANISOTROPIC FLOW; ELLIPTIC FLOW; PREDICTIONS; DEPENDENCE; SYSTEMS AB We present the results of a systematic study of the shape of the pion distribution in coordinate space at freeze-out in Au+Au collisions at BNL RHIC using two-pion Hanbury Brown-Twiss (HBT) interferometry. Oscillations of the extracted HBT radii versus emission angle indicate sources elongated perpendicular to the reaction plane. The results indicate that the pressure and expansion time of the collision system are not sufficient to completely quench its initial shape. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230027, Peoples R China. Acad Sinica, Shanghai Inst Nucl Res, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. HZNU, CCNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900 NR 36 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 012301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.012301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900011 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Buono, LD Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, D Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Buono, LD Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, D Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BaBar Collaboration TI Determination of the branching fraction for B -> X(c)l nu decays and of vertical bar V-cb vertical bar from hadronic-mass and lepton-energy moments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMILEPTONIC-B; MESON DECAYS; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPANSION; BEAUTY AB We determine the inclusive B-->X(c)lnu branching fraction, B-clnu, the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element \V-cb\, and other heavy-quark parameters from a simultaneous fit to moments of the hadronic-mass and lepton-energy distributions in semileptonic B-meson decays, measured as a function of the lower limit on the lepton energy, using data recorded with the BABAR detector. Using heavy-quark expansions (HQEs) to order 1/m(b)(3), we extract B-cenu=(10.61+/-0.16(exp)+/-0.06(HQE))% and \V-cb\=(41.4+/-0.4(exp)+/-0.4(HQE)+/-0.6(th))x10(-3). The stated errors refer to the experimental, HQE, and additional theoretical uncertainties. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 29 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 011803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.011803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900010 ER PT J AU Beneke, M Chapovsky, AP Signer, A Zanderighi, G AF Beneke, M Chapovsky, AP Signer, A Zanderighi, G TI Effective theory approach to unstable particle production SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE FIELD-THEORY; GAUGE-INVARIANCE; HEAVY QUARKS AB Using the hierarchy of scales between the mass M and the width Gamma of a heavy, unstable particle, we construct an effective theory that allows calculations for resonant processes to be systematically expanded in powers of the coupling alpha and Gamma/M. We illustrate the method by computing the next-to-leading order line shape of a scalar resonance in an Abelian gauge-Yukawa model. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys E, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys E, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NR 13 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 011602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.011602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900007 ER PT J AU Cicero, G Catellani, A Galli, G AF Cicero, G Catellani, A Galli, G TI Atomic control of water interaction with biocompatible surfaces: The case of SiC(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SILICON; SI(100)-(2X1); ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; HYDROGEN; ARRAYS; H2O AB The interaction of water with Si- and C- terminated beta-SiC(001) surfaces was investigated by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Irrespective of coverage, varied from 1/4 to 1 monolayer, we found that water dissociates on the Si-terminated surface, substantially modifying the clean surface reconstruction, while the C-terminated surface is nonreactive and hydrophobic. Based on our results, we propose that STM images and photoemission experiments may detect specific changes induced by water on both the structural and electronic properties of SiC(001) surfaces. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Politecn Torino, INFM, I-10129 Turin, Italy. Politecn Torino, Dept Phys, I-10129 Turin, Italy. CNR, IMEM, I-43010 Parma, Italy. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM giancarlo.cicero@polito.it OI Cicero, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2920-9882 NR 20 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 016102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.016102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900038 PM 15323996 ER PT J AU Cimino, R Collins, IR Furman, MA Pivi, M Ruggiero, F Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F AF Cimino, R Collins, IR Furman, MA Pivi, M Ruggiero, F Rumolo, G Zimmermann, F TI Can low-energy electrons affect high-energy physics accelerators? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAM AB Present and future accelerators' performances may be limited by the electron cloud (EC) effect. The EC formation and evolution are determined by the wall-surface properties of the accelerator vacuum chamber. We present measurements of the total secondary electron yield (SEY) and the related energy distribution curves of the secondary electrons as a function of incident-electron energy. Particular attention has been paid to the emission process due to very low-energy primary electrons (<20 eV). It is shown that the SEY approaches unity and the reflected electron component is predominant in the limit of zero primary incident electron energy. Motivated by these measurements, we have used state-of-the-art EC simulation codes to predict how these results may impact the production of the electron cloud in the Large Hadron Collider, under construction at CERN, and the related surface heat load. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, POB 13, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. NR 17 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 014801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.014801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900024 ER PT J AU Huang, M Burnstein, RA Chakravorty, A Chen, YC Choong, WS Clark, K Dukes, EC Durandet, C Felix, J Gidal, G Gustafson, HR Holmstrom, T James, C Jenkins, CM Jones, T Kaplan, DM Lederman, LM Leros, N Longo, MJ Lopez, F Lu, L Luebke, W Luk, KB Nelson, KS Park, HK Perroud, JP Rajaram, D Rubin, HA Volk, J White, C White, S Zyla, P AF Huang, M Burnstein, RA Chakravorty, A Chen, YC Choong, WS Clark, K Dukes, EC Durandet, C Felix, J Gidal, G Gustafson, HR Holmstrom, T James, C Jenkins, CM Jones, T Kaplan, DM Lederman, LM Leros, N Longo, MJ Lopez, F Lu, L Luebke, W Luk, KB Nelson, KS Park, HK Perroud, JP Rajaram, D Rubin, HA Volk, J White, C White, S Zyla, P TI New measurement of Xi(-)->Lambda pi(-) decay parameters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP INVARIANCE; XI-HYPERONS; PHASE-SHIFT; NONCONSERVATION; ASYMMETRY; VIOLATION AB Based on a sample of 144x10(6) polarized Xi(-)-->Lambdapi(-),Lambda-->ppi(-) decays collected by the HyperCP experiment (E871) at Fermilab, we report a new measurement of the Xi(-) decay-parameter angle phi(Xi)=(-2.39+/-0.64+/-0.64)degrees from which we deduce the decay parameters beta(Xi)=-0.037+/-0.011+/-0.010 and gamma(Xi)=0.888+/-0.0004+/-0.006. Assuming that the CP-violating phase difference between s and p waves is negligible, the strong phase-shift difference, delta(p)-delta(s), for Lambdapi scattering is determined to be (4.6+/-1.4+/-1.2)degrees. C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Guanajuato, Leon 37000, Mexico. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 011802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.011802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900009 ER PT J AU Jackson, KA Horoi, M Chaudhuri, I Frauenheim, T Shvartsburg, AA AF Jackson, KA Horoi, M Chaudhuri, I Frauenheim, T Shvartsburg, AA TI Unraveling the shape transformation in silicon clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY MEASUREMENTS; STRUCTURAL INFORMATION; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SI CLUSTERS; GEOMETRIES; SPECTRA; OPTIMIZATION; DISSOCIATION; SCATTERING AB The prolate-to-spherical shape transition in Group IV clusters has been a puzzle since its discovery over a decade ago. Here we explain this phenomenon by elucidating the structures of Si-n and Si-n(+) with n=20-27. The geometries were obtained in unbiased searches using a new "big bang" optimization method. They are substantially more stable than any found to date, and their ion mobilities and dissociation energies are in excellent agreement with experiment. The present results prove that the packing of midsize clusters is thermodynamically controlled and open the door to understanding the evolution of semiconductor nanosystems towards the bulk. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jackson, KA (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. RI Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015; OI Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616; Jackson, Koblar/0000-0002-5342-7978 NR 35 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 013401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.013401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900014 ER PT J AU Jiang, CL Rehm, KE Janssens, RVF Esbensen, H Ahmad, I Back, BB Collon, P Davids, CN Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Mukherjee, G Pardo, RC Paul, M Pennington, TO Seweryniak, D Sinha, S Zhou, Z AF Jiang, CL Rehm, KE Janssens, RVF Esbensen, H Ahmad, I Back, BB Collon, P Davids, CN Greene, JP Henderson, DJ Mukherjee, G Pardo, RC Paul, M Pennington, TO Seweryniak, D Sinha, S Zhou, Z TI Influence of nuclear structure on sub-barrier hindrance in Ni+Ni fusion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUB-BARRIER FUSION; HEAVY-ION FUSION; NI-58; NI-64; ENERGY; SCATTERING AB Fusion-evaporation cross sections for Ni-64+Ni-64 have been measured down to the 10 nb level. For fusion between two open-shell nuclei, this is the first observation of a maximum in the S-factor, which signals a strong sub-barrier hindrance. A comparison with the Ni-58+(NI)-N-58, Ni-58+Ni-60, and Ni-58+Ni-64 systems indicates a strong dependence of the energy where the hindrance occurs on the stiffness of the interacting nuclei. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-90914 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 012701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.012701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900012 ER PT J AU Kenzelmann, M Chen, Y Broholm, C Reich, DH Qiu, Y AF Kenzelmann, M Chen, Y Broholm, C Reich, DH Qiu, Y TI Bound spinons in an antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chain with a staggered field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED GAP; COPPER BENZOATE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUM-RULES; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; SPECTRUM; MODEL AB Inelastic neutron scattering was used to measure the magnetic field dependence of spin excitations in the antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chain CuCl2.2(dimethylsulfoxide) in the presence of uniform and staggered fields. Dispersive bound states emerge from a zero-field two-spinon continuum with different finite energy minima at wave numbers q=pi and q(i)approximate topi(1-2). The ratios of the field dependent excitation energies are in excellent agreement with predictions for breather and soliton solutions to the quantum sine-Gordon model, the proposed low-energy theory for S=1/2 chains in a staggered field. The data are also consistent with the predicted soliton and n=1,2 breather polarizations and scattering cross sections. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kenzelmann, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 25 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 017204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.017204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900057 ER PT J AU Maloney, C Lemaitre, A AF Maloney, C Lemaitre, A TI Subextensive scaling in the athermal, quasistatic limit of amorphous matter in plastic shear flow SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM ELASTOPLASTIC BEHAVIOR; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; DEFORMATION; FOAM; DYNAMICS; GLASSES; SOLIDS AB We present results on numerical simulations of an atomistic system undergoing plastic shear flow in the athermal, quasistatic limit. The system is shown to undergo cascades of local rearrangements, associated with quadrupolar energy fluctuations, which induce system-spanning events organized into lines of slip oriented along the Bravais axes of the simulation cell. A finite size scaling analysis reveals subextensive scaling of the energy drops and participation numbers, linear in the length of the simulation cell, in agreement with the observed real-space structure of the plastic events. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMS MSTD, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Paris 06, LMDH, UMR 7603, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Maloney, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Maloney, Craig/A-1923-2012; Lemaitre, Anael/F-1972-2010 OI Lemaitre, Anael/0000-0002-6865-9245 NR 19 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 016001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.016001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900036 ER PT J AU Muggli, P Blue, BE Clayton, CE Deng, S Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Huang, C Iverson, R Joshi, C Katsouleas, TC Lee, S Lu, W Marsh, KA Mori, WB O'Connell, CL Raimondi, P Siemann, R Walz, D AF Muggli, P Blue, BE Clayton, CE Deng, S Decker, FJ Hogan, MJ Huang, C Iverson, R Joshi, C Katsouleas, TC Lee, S Lu, W Marsh, KA Mori, WB O'Connell, CL Raimondi, P Siemann, R Walz, D TI Meter-scale plasma-wakefield accelerator driven by a matched electron beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; SIMULATIONS; WAVES AB A high-gradient, meter-scale plasma-wakefield accelerator module operating in the electron blowout regime is demonstrated experimentally. The beam and plasma parameters are chosen such that the matched beam channels through the plasma over more than 12 beam beta functions without spreading or oscillating over a range of densities optimum for observing both deceleration and acceleration. The wakefield decelerates the bulk of the initially 28.5 GeV beam by up to 155 MeV; however, particles in the back of the same beam are accelerated by up to 280 MeV at a density of 1.9x10(14) cm(-3) as the wakefield changes sign. C1 Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Lu, Wei/F-2504-2016 NR 26 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 014802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.014802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900025 ER PT J AU Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Slutz, SA Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Mehlhorn, TA Leeper, RJ Fehl, D Nelson, AJ Franklin, J Ziegler, L AF Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Slutz, SA Bailey, JE Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Mehlhorn, TA Leeper, RJ Fehl, D Nelson, AJ Franklin, J Ziegler, L TI Production of thermonuclear neutrons from deuterium-filled capsule implosions driven by Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL FUSION; TEMPERATURE AB Evidence for the first production of thermonuclear neutrons by Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum driven deuterium-filled capsules is presented. The average neutron energy and yield isotropy measured is consistent with thermonuclear fusion production. The addition of Xe gas to certain capsules suppressed the fusion neutron yields by an order of magnitude, consistent with a thermonuclear production process. The ion temperature deduced from the neutron energy distribution was 4.8+/-1.5 keV and typical yields were 1-5x10(10). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Ruiz, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.015001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900026 ER PT J AU Vekhter, I Chubukov, AV AF Vekhter, I Chubukov, AV TI Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in itinerant antiferromagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We consider a two-dimensional itinerant antiferromagnet near a quantum-critical point. We show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, fermionic excitations in the ordered state are not the usual Fermi-liquid quasiparticles. Instead, down to very low frequencies, the fermionic self-energy varies as omega(2/3). This non-Fermi-liquid behavior originates in the coupling of fermions to the longitudinal spin susceptibility chi(parallel to)(q,Omega) in which the order-induced "gap" in the spectrum at q=0 dissolves into the Landau damping term at v(F)q>Omega. The transverse spin fluctuations obey the z=1 scaling characteristic of spin waves, but remain overdamped in a finite range near the critical point. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Vekhter, I (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Vekhter, Ilya/M-1780-2013 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 016405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.016405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900043 ER PT J AU Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Shan, W Bourret-Courchesne, E Ager, JW Yu, KM Haller, EE Kissell, K Bachilo, SM Weisman, RB Smalley, RE AF Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Shan, W Bourret-Courchesne, E Ager, JW Yu, KM Haller, EE Kissell, K Bachilo, SM Weisman, RB Smalley, RE TI Structure-dependent hydrostatic deformation potentials of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-SPECTRA; PRESSURE AB The hydrostatic pressure coefficients of interband transition energies of a number of single-walled carbon nanotubes with different chiralities were measured. Optical experiments were performed on debundled, single-walled carbon nanotube suspensions with hydrostatic pressure applied by diamond anvil cells. The pressure coefficients of the band-gap energies are negative and dependent on the nanotube structure, while the second van Hove transitions are much less sensitive to hydrostatic pressure. An empirical equation that relates the pressure coefficients to nanotube structure is presented and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Weisman, R. Bruce/0000-0001-8546-9980; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 16 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 017404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.017404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900062 ER PT J AU Zhao, YF Kim, YH Du, MH Zhang, SB AF Zhao, YF Kim, YH Du, MH Zhang, SB TI First-principles prediction of icosahedral quantum dots for tetravalent semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; PARTICLES; PACKING; STATE; GAS AB Despite the scientific importance of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), little is known about their structure other than the bulk form. Here, we show that one can join segments of tetravalent semiconductors into a seamless icosahedron. Calculations for Si show that pristine icosahedral QDs are more stable than bulklike ones for diameter d<5 nm. Hydrogenated icosahedral quantum dots (IQDs) could also be stable and more atomiclike with larger level spacing and fivefold orbital degeneracy due to the I-h symmetry not possible in the bulk. Experimental feasibility toward synthesizing the IQDs in Si and diamond is also discussed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhao, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Kim, Yong-Hyun/C-2045-2011; Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Kim, Yong-Hyun/0000-0003-4255-2068; Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 22 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1 AR 015502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.015502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 834DD UT WOS:000222390900029 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, S Bedau, MA Chen, LH Deamer, DW Krakauer, DC Packard, NH Stadler, PF AF Rasmussen, S Bedau, MA Chen, LH Deamer, DW Krakauer, DC Packard, NH Stadler, PF TI Living and nonliving matter - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Reed Coll, Portland, OR 97202 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87506 USA. Protolife Srl, I-30124 Venice, Italy. Univ Leipzig, Inst Informat, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM steen@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 2 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5680 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 834BG UT WOS:000222386000016 ER PT J AU Utschig, LM Thurnauer, NC AF Utschig, LM Thurnauer, NC TI Metal ion modulated electron transfer in photosynthetic proteins SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES R-26; PROTON-TRANSFER RATE; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-SPHAEROIDES; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; EPR SPECTROSCOPY; BINDING-SITES; ACCEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION; PATHWAY AB Photosynthetic purple bacterial reaction center (RC) proteins are ideal native systems for addressing basic questions regarding the nature of biological electron transfer because both the protein structure and the electron-transfer reactions are well-characterized. Metal ion binding to the RC can affect primary photochemistry and provides a probe for understanding the involvement of local protein environments in electron transfer. The RC has two distinct transition metal ion binding sites, the well-known non-heme Fe2+ site buried in the protein interior and a recently discovered Zn2+ site located on the surface of the protein. Fe2+ removal and Zn2+ binding systematically affect different electron-transfer steps in the RC. Factors involved in the metal ion alteration of RC electron transfer may provide a paradigm for other biological systems involved in electron transfer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Utschig, LM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 37 IS 7 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1021/ar020197v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 840AL UT WOS:000222829300005 PM 15260506 ER PT J AU Carrozzini, B Cascarano, GL De Caro, L Giacovazzo, C Marchesini, S Chapman, H He, H Howells, M Wu, JS Weierstall, U Spence, JCH AF Carrozzini, B Cascarano, GL De Caro, L Giacovazzo, C Marchesini, S Chapman, H He, H Howells, M Wu, JS Weierstall, U Spence, JCH TI Phasing diffuse scattering. Application of the SIR2002 algorithm to the non-crystallographic phase problem SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMS; RETRIEVAL AB A new phasing algorithm has been used to determine the phases of diffuse elastic X-ray scattering from a non-periodic array of gold balls of 50 nm diameter. Two-dimensional real-space images, showing the charge-density distribution of the balls, have been reconstructed at 50 nm resolution from transmission diffraction patterns recorded at 550 eV energy. The reconstructed image fits well with a scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) image of the same sample. The algorithm, which uses only the density modi cation portion of the SIR2002 program, is compared with the results obtained via the Gerchberg-Saxton-Fienup HiO algorithm. The new algorithm requires no knowledge of the object's boundary and proceeds from low to high resolution. In this way, the relationship between density modi cation in crystallography and the HiO algorithm used in signal and image processing is elucidated. C1 CNR, Ist Cristallog, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Giacovazzo, C (reprint author), CNR, Ist Cristallog, Via G Amendola 122-O, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM carmelo.giacovazzo@ic.cnr.it RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011; Carrozzini, Benedetta/N-5278-2015; OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Carrozzini, Benedetta/0000-0001-9052-0074; CASCARANO, GIOVANNI LUCA/0000-0001-8252-5254 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0108-7673 EI 1600-5724 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1107/S0108767304012395 PN 4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 831ZZ UT WOS:000222237600009 PM 15218213 ER PT J AU Hau-Riege, SP Szoke, H Chapman, HN Szoke, A Marchesini, S Noy, A He, HF Howells, M Weierstall, U Spence, JCH AF Hau-Riege, SP Szoke, H Chapman, HN Szoke, A Marchesini, S Noy, A He, HF Howells, M Weierstall, U Spence, JCH TI SPEDEN: reconstructing single particles from their diffraction patterns SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PHASE RETRIEVAL; HOLOGRAPHIC METHODS; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; ALGORITHM; IMAGE AB SPEDEN is a computer program that reconstructs the electron density of single particles from their X-ray diffraction patterns, using a single-particle adaptation of the holographic method in crystallography [Szoke, Szoke & Somoza (1997). Acta Cryst. A53, 291-313]. The method, like its parent, is unique because it does not rely on 'back' transformation from the diffraction pattern into real space and on interpolation within measured data. It is designed to deal successfully with sparse, irregular, incomplete and noisy data. It is also designed to use prior information for ensuring sensible results and for reliable convergence. This article describes the theoretical basis for the reconstruction algorithm, its implementation, and quantitative results of tests on synthetic and experimentally obtained data. The program could be used for determining the structures of radiation-tolerant samples and, eventually, of large biological molecular structures without the need for crystallization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94539 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94539 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009; Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.1107/S0108767304010293 PN 4 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 831ZZ UT WOS:000222237600002 PM 15218206 ER PT J AU Sevcik, J Dauter, Z Wilson, KS AF Sevcik, J Dauter, Z Wilson, KS TI Crystal structure reveals two alternative conformations in the active site of ribonuclease Sa2 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOMYCES-AUREOFACIENS; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; REFINEMENT; COMPLEX; MOLSCRIPT; MODEL AB Three different strains of Streptomyces aureofaciens produce the homologous ribonucleases Sa, Sa2 and Sa3. The crystal structures of ribonuclease Sa ( RNase Sa) and its complexes with mononucleotides have previously been reported at high resolution. Here, the structures of two crystal forms ( I and II) of ribonuclease Sa2 ( RNase Sa2) are presented at 1.8 and 1.5Angstrom resolution. The structures were determined by molecular replacement using the coordinates of RNase Sa as a search model and were refined to R factors of 17.5 and 15.0% and R-free factors of 21.8 and 17.2%, respectively. The asymmetric unit of crystal form I contains three enzyme molecules, two of which have similar structures to those seen for ribonuclease Sa, with Tyr87 at the bottom of their active sites. In the third molecule, Tyr87 has moved substantially: the CA atom moves almost 5 Angstrom and the OH of the side chain moves 10 Angstrom, inserting itself into the active site of a neighbouring molecule at a similar position to that observed for the nucleotide base in RNase Sa complexes. The asymmetric unit of crystal form II contains two Sa2 molecules, both of which are similar to the usual Sa structures. In one molecule, two main-chain conformations were modelled in the alpha-helix. Finally, a brief comparison is made between the conformations of the Sa2 molecules and those of 34 independent molecules taken from 20 structures of ribonuclease Sa and two independent molecules taken from two structures of ribonuclease Sa3 in various crystal forms. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biol, Bratislava 84551, Slovakia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, NCI, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ York, Struct Biol Lab, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. RP Sevcik, J (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Mol Biol, Dubravska Cesta 21, Bratislava 84551, Slovakia. EM jozef.sevcik@savba.sk NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1198 EP 1204 DI 10.1107/S0907444904009035 PN 7 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 831EX UT WOS:000222177600002 PM 15213380 ER PT J AU Wang, JW Chen, JR Gu, YX Zheng, CD Jiang, F Fan, HF Terwilliger, TC Hao, Q AF Wang, JW Chen, JR Gu, YX Zheng, CD Jiang, F Fan, HF Terwilliger, TC Hao, Q TI SAD phasing by combination of direct methods with the SOLVE/RESOLVE procedure SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS-SCATTERING DATA; COMBINING DIRECT METHODS; STATISTICAL DENSITY MODIFICATION; PROTEIN CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; S-ATOMS; ENTROPY MAXIMIZATION; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; SULFUR; RESOLUTION AB In the initial stage of SAD phasing, the essential point is to break the intrinsic phase ambiguity. The presence of two kinds of phase information enables the discrimination of phase doublets from SAD data prior to density modification. One is from the heavy atoms ( anomalous scatterers), while the other is from the direct-methods phase relationships. The former can be expressed by the Sim distribution, while the latter can be expressed by the Cochran distribution. Typically, only the Sim distribution has been used to yield initial phases for subsequent density modification. However, it has been demonstrated that using direct-methods phases based on the product of the Sim and Cochran distributions can lead to improved initial phases. In this paper, the direct-methods phasing procedure OASIS has been improved and combined with the SOLVE/RESOLVE procedure. Experimental SAD data from three known proteins with expected Bijvoet ratios h[\DeltaF\]/[F] in the range 1.4 - 7.0% were used as test cases. In all cases, the phases obtained using the program RESOLVE beginning with initial phases based on experimental phases plus Sim and direct-methods information were more accurate than those based on experimental plus Sim phase information alone. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, MacCHESS, Wilson Synchrotron Lab 273, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fan, HF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM fan@mail.iphy.ac.cn RI Hao, Quan/C-4304-2009; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 72 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1244 EP 1253 DI 10.1107/S0907444904010674 PN 7 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 831EX UT WOS:000222177600008 PM 15213386 ER PT J AU Oganesyan, V Pufan, R DeGiovanni, A Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Oganesyan, V Pufan, R DeGiovanni, A Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH TI Structure of the putative DNA-binding protein SP_1288 from Streptococcus pyogenes SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLSCRIPT; PROMOTER; VERSION AB The crystal structure of the putative DNA-binding protein SP_ 1288 (gi|15675166, also listed as gi|28895954) from Streptococcus pyogenes has been determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.3 Angstrom using anomalous diffraction data at the Se peak wavelength. SP_ 1288 belongs to a family of proteins whose cellular function is associated with the signal recognition particle; no structural information has been available until now about the members of the family. Crystallographic analysis revealed that the overall fold of SP_ 1288 consists exclusively of alpha-helices and that 75% of the structure has good similarity to domain 4 of the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase. This suggests its possible involvement in the biochemical function of transcription initiation, which includes interaction with DNA. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shkim@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62412] NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1266 EP 1271 DI 10.1107/S0907444904009394 PN 7 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 831EX UT WOS:000222177600010 PM 15213388 ER PT J AU Moiseeva, N Allaire, M AF Moiseeva, N Allaire, M TI Crystals of family 11 xylanase II from Trichoderma longibrachiatum that diffract to atomic resolution SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN DATA-BANK; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; LOW PH; REESEI; CATALYSIS; ENZYMES AB Xylanases catalyse the cleavage of various forms of xylan. A new crystal form of xylanase II from the fungus Trichoderma longi-brachiatum that diffracts to better than 1 Angstrom resolution was grown from 12% PEG 8K, 0.1 M Tris pH 8.5, 0.2 M CaCl2 with the addition of 2% glycerol to overcome crystal twinning. The crystals grow in a body-centered orthorhombic Bravais lattice, with unit-cell parameters a = 66.78, b = 67.94, c = 79.18 Angstrom. The solvent content is 42% with one molecule per asymmetric unit. Molecular-replacement analysis reveals the space group to be I222. This atomic resolution structure will provide important insights that will lead to a better understanding of the enzymatic mechanism of the family 11 xylanases. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Allaire, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM allaire@bnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [Y1 GM0080-03] NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1275 EP 1277 DI 10.1107/S0907444904009400 PN 7 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 831EX UT WOS:000222177600012 PM 15213390 ER PT J AU Gotoda, H Ueda, T Cheng, RK AF Gotoda, H Ueda, T Cheng, RK TI Dynamic motion of rotating Bunsen flame tip in microgravity SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREMIXED FLAMES; BURNER ROTATION; STABILIZATION; BUOYANCY C1 Keio Univ, Sch Sci Open & Environm Syst, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gotoda, H (reprint author), Keio Univ, Sch Sci Open & Environm Syst, Kohoku Ku, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. EM ueda@mech.keio.ac.jp; RKCheng@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1485 EP 1489 DI 10.2514/1.2502 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 839UW UT WOS:000222811400025 ER PT J AU Smith, DH Seshadri, K Uchida, T Wilder, JW AF Smith, DH Seshadri, K Uchida, T Wilder, JW TI Thermodynamics of methane, propane, and carbon dioxide hydrates in porous glass SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE desorption; vapor-liquid equilibria; dissociation; thermodynamics; pore volume distribution ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SILICA-GELS; MEDIA; EQUILIBRIA; PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES AB Equilibrium pressure for the dissociation of methane, propane, or carbon dioxide hydrates confined in porous glass pores of nominal 15 nut radii were measured over a wide temperature range. A previously presented model is used to determine the pore radius involved at each temperature. Based on these results, pore volume distributions were reconstructed and compared with distributions obtained from nitrogen desorption isotherms. The analysis of the reported data indicate that for all three hydrates, nearly all of the sorbed water was converted to hydrate, but the amount of water taken lip by the porous glass was less than that expected from nitrogen desorption studies. When propane was used to form hydrate, the pores not occupied by hydrate were involved in propane vapor-liquid equilibria. (C) 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1589-1598, 2004 C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Parsons Infrastruct & Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. AIST, Inst Energy Utilizat, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628517, Japan. W Virginia Univ, Dept Math, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RI Uchida, Tsutomu/E-3835-2012 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0001-1541 EI 1547-5905 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1589 EP 1598 DI 10.1002/aic.10141 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 833TO UT WOS:000222362500023 ER PT J AU Janney, MA Walls, CA Kupp, DM Kirby, KW AF Janney, MA Walls, CA Kupp, DM Kirby, KW TI Gelcasting SIAION radomes SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Fraunhofer Resource Ctr Delaware, Newark, DE USA. Hughes Res Labs, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP Janney, MA (reprint author), ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 83 IS 7 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 835QN UT WOS:000222500700002 ER PT J AU Silbar, RR Reddy, S AF Silbar, RR Reddy, S TI Neutron stars for undergraduates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The calculation of the structure of white dwarf and neutron stars is a suitable topic for an undergraduate thesis or an advanced special topics or independent study course. The subject is rich in many different areas of physics, ranging from thermodynamics to quantum statistics to nuclear physics to special and general relativity. The computations for solving the coupled structure differential equations (both Newtonian and general relativistic) can be done using a symbolic computational package. In doing so, students will develop computational skills and learn how to deal with units. Along the way they also will learn some of the physics of equations of state and of degenerate stars. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silbar, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM silbar@lanl.gov; reddy@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 72 IS 7 BP 892 EP 905 DI 10.1119/1.1703544 PG 14 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 830KD UT WOS:000222120000009 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Telang, F Maynard, L Logan, J Gatley, SJ Pappas, N Wong, C Vaska, P Zhu, W Swanson, JM AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Telang, F Maynard, L Logan, J Gatley, SJ Pappas, N Wong, C Vaska, P Zhu, W Swanson, JM TI Evidence that methylphenidate enhances the saliency of a mathematical task by increasing dopamine in the human brain SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID C-11 RACLOPRIDE; EXTRACELLULAR DOPAMINE; ORAL METHYLPHENIDATE; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; PET; REWARD; AMPHETAMINE; RELEASE; COCAINE; BINDING AB Objective: Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed drug for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet its therapeutic mechanisms are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess if m ethylphenidate, by increasing dopamine (neurotransmitter involved in motivation) in brain, would enhance the saliency of an academic task, making it more interesting. Method: Healthy subjects (N=16) underwent positron emission tomography with [C-11]raclopride (dopamine D-2 receptor radioligand that competes with endogenous dopamine for binding) to assess the effects of oral methylphenidate (20 mg) on extracellular dopamine in the striatum. The authors compared the effects of methylphenidate during an academic task (solving mathematical problems with monetary reinforcement) and a neutral task (passively viewing cards with no remuneration). in parallel, the effects of methylphenidate on the interest that the academic task elicited were also evaluated. Results: Methylphenidate, when coupled with the mathematical task, significantly increased extracellular dopamine, but this did not occur when coupled with the neutral task. The mathematical task did not increase dopamine when coupled with placebo. Subjective reports about interest and motivation in the mathematical task were greater with methylphenidate than with placebo and were associated with dopamine increases. Conclusions: The significant association between methylphenidate-induced dopamine increases and the interest and motivation for the task confirms the prediction that methylphenidate enhances the saliency of an event by increasing dopamine. The enhanced interest for the task could increase attention and improve performance and could be one of the mechanisms underlying methylphenidate's therapeutic effects. These findings support educational strategies that make schoolwork more interesting as nonpharmacological interventions to treat ADHD. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Child Dev Ctr, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), NIDA, 6001 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. EM nvolkow@nida.nih.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 06278, DA 09490-01] NR 40 TC 145 Z9 152 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1000 WILSON BOULEVARD, STE 1825, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-3901 USA SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 161 IS 7 BP 1173 EP 1180 DI 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1173 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 835EG UT WOS:000222462700006 PM 15229048 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Veblen, DR AF Ding, Y Veblen, DR TI Impactite from Henbury, Australia SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; FAYALITE FE2SIO4; SYMMETRY; GLASS; EQUILIBRIA; CRATERS; DIAMOND; SYSTEM; IRON AB Impactite was formed in several small, closely spaced craters by the impact of iron meteorites on sandstone at Henbury, central Australia. Through application of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, convergent-beam electron diffraction, and selected-area electron diffraction, chemical compositions and space groups were determined for multiple crystalline phases in the impactite. Based on this chemical and structural information, sub-micrometer fayalite (approximately 40% of the total volume of crystalline phases), magnetite (25%), alpha-quartz (20%), hercynite (10%), diamond (3%), and a Ni-sulfide phase (2%) were identified, in addition to abundant glass. Compared with the pre-shock rock, the Henbury impactite was subjected to dramatic phase transformation and chemical redistribution and fractionation processes during the impact event. The newly formed dendritic crystalline phases such as fayalite, magnetite, and hercynite, as well as the surrounding glass, may represent metastable eutectic crystallization that occurred between approximately 1600 degreesC (liquidus temperature of hercynite) and 850 degreesC (75% of the liquidus temperature of fayalite) on a time scale of seconds. Generally, the composition of glass surrounding magnetite, fayalite, and hercynite is close to SiO2, plus small amounts of Fe (about 10%), but the glass around magnetite can also be considerably more enriched in Fe. The distribution of magnetite and fayalite is probably related to the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio in the original melt as altered by the local oxygen fugacity, and the formation of hercynite is governed by both the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio and the distribution of Al in the sample. Alpha quartz probably formed from Fe-depleted silica in the autoannealing period, at low pressure and relatively low temperatures. Diamond crystals in the impactite are euhedral and may have formed through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at very high temperatures. Nickel sulfide probably crystallized directly from sulfide vapor or quenched sulfide melts, under supercooled and reduced conditions. The impactite is chemically very heterogeneous, presumably due to the limited diffusion time available for mixing of Fe and silica during the rapid cooling history. Iron, Ni, and Mg tend to concentrate in fayalite, magnetite, and hercynite, whereas K and Si are enriched in glass. Hercynite contains more Al, and other crystalline phases less Al, than the glass. In general, the Henbury impactite reflects a chaotic mixture of equilibrium, metastable, and non-equilibrium domains produced at high temperatures in a very short time, and most crystallization appears to have occurred in the post-shock period. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Morton K Blaustein Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Ding, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, HPCAT, Bld 434E, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yding@hpcat.aps.anl.gov RI Ding, Yang/K-1995-2014 OI Ding, Yang/0000-0002-8845-4618 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 89 IS 7 BP 961 EP 968 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 838IZ UT WOS:000222708200005 ER PT J AU Catalano, JG Brown, GE AF Catalano, JG Brown, GE TI Analysis of uranyl-bearing phases by EXAFS spectroscopy: Interferences, multiple scattering, accuracy of structural parameters, and spectral differences SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOILS; QUANTITATIVE ZN SPECIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MINE TAILINGS; SODIUM BOLTWOODITE; SORPTION COMPLEXES; URANIUM MINERALS AB As part of a larger study of uranium speciation in complex environmental samples, we have collected and analyzed the U L-m-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of nineteen minerals and compounds containing uranium as the uranyl moiety, UO22+.. Analysis of seventeen of these spectra yielded structural parameters for uranyl local environments that agree with their published crystal structures; the clarkeite EXAFS spectrum and published crystal structure do not agree, and zellerite lacks a published structure. EXAFS fitting results for clarkeite show significant variability in the local environment of uranium, indicating that this phase is not truly hexagonal. Although zellerite lacks a published structure, its EXAFS spectrum is quite similar to that of rutherfordine, suggesting a similar uranyl local environment, and possibly a related structure. Our analysis of the uranium EXAFS spectra of the nineteen phases indicates that multiple scattering (MS) contributes significant spectral amplitude, especially MS associated with the uranyl moiety and carbonate and phosphate ligands. The signal from MS associated with bidentate carbonate is strong and ubiquitous, even in aqueous UO2(CO3)(3)(4-), suggesting that this signal may serve as an indicator of bidentate carbonate binding to uranyl in adsorption complexes. Multiple atomic shells at similar distances, or split atomic shells-both common features in the structure of uranyl-containing phases-produce interferences in the EXAFS spectrum that reduce the accuracy of the analysis. EXAFS-derived interatomic distances do not differ significantly from those derived from XRD, except when spectral interferences cause systematic errors in the analysis. Spectral differences and similarities have been analyzed using statistical methods. Quantitative analysis of the EXAFS spectra of samples containing multiple uranium phases may be complicated by the similarity of spectra from the same or related uranium-containing mineral groups, and by the possibility that two phases may mask the presence of a third. As EXAFS spectroscopy cannot always unambiguously determine the speciation of uranium in environmental samples, other complementary analytical techniques should be employed as well. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Catalano, JG (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM catalano@pangea.stanford.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 100 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 39 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 89 IS 7 BP 1004 EP 1021 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 838IZ UT WOS:000222708200011 ER PT J AU Hindson, BJ Brown, SB Marshall, GD McBride, MT Makarewicz, AJ Gutierrez, DM Wolcott, DK Metz, TR Madabhushi, RS Dzenitis, JM Colston, BW AF Hindson, BJ Brown, SB Marshall, GD McBride, MT Makarewicz, AJ Gutierrez, DM Wolcott, DK Metz, TR Madabhushi, RS Dzenitis, JM Colston, BW TI Development of an automated sample preparation module for environmental monitoring of biowarfare agents SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BEAD INJECTION SPECTROSCOPY; LAB-ON-VALVE; SEQUENTIAL INJECTION; FLOW-INJECTION; RENEWABLE MICROCOLUMNS; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SEPARATIONS; MICROEXTRACTION; IMMUNOASSAY; ARRAYS AB An automated sample preparation module, based upon sequential injection analysis (SIA), has been developed for use within an autonomous pathogen detection system. The SIA system interfaced aerosol sampling with multiplexed microsphere immunoassay-flow cytometric detection. Metering and sequestering of microspheres using SIA was found to be reproducible and reliable, over 24-h periods of autonomous operation. Four inbuilt immunoassay controls showed excellent immunoassay and system stability over five days of unattended continuous operation. Titration curves for two biological warfare agents, Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis, obtained using the automated SIA procedure were shown to be similar to those generated using a manual microtiter plate procedure. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Global FIA Inc, Fox Isl, WA 98333 USA. RP Colston, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM colston1@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 13 BP 3492 EP 3497 DI 10.1021/ac035365r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 834NR UT WOS:000222418300010 PM 15228315 ER PT J AU Gross, GM Prazen, BJ Grate, JW Synovec, RE AF Gross, GM Prazen, BJ Grate, JW Synovec, RE TI High-speed gas chromatography using synchronized dual-valve injection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS; STATIONARY-PHASE; CAPILLARY; INLET AB A novel injection technique for high-speed gas chromatography is demonstrated. Synchronized dual-valve injection is shown to provide peak widths as low as 1.5 ms (width at half-height) for an unretained analyte. This was achieved using a 0.5-m DB-5 column with an internal diameter of 100 pm and a film thickness of 0.4 mum operated at a temperature of 150 degreesC with a column absolute head pressure of 85 psi, resulting in a dead time of only t(0) = 26 ms (similar to 1900 cm/s, 26 mL/min). Using the DB-5 column in a 1-m length under the same instrumental parameters, with a resulting linear flow velocity of 935 cm/s (12.7 mL/min, t(0) = 117 ms), a minimum peak width of 3.3 ms was obtained. During an isothermal separation, 10 analytes were separated in a time window of 400 ms. A rigorous comparison of experimental and theoretical band-broadening data based on the Golay equation showed that band broadening is limited almost entirely by the chromatographic band broadening terms expressed by the Golay equation and not by extra column band broadening due to the injection process. Synchronized dual-valve injection offers a rugged and inexpensive design, providing extremely reproducible injections with peak height precision of 2.4% (RSD) and low run-to-run variation in retention times, with an average standard deviation less than 0.1 ms. Herein, synchronized dual-valve injection is demonstrated as a proof of principle using high-speed diaphragm valves. It is foreseen that the injection technique could be readily implemented using a combination of thermal modulation and high-speed valve hardware, thus optimizing the mass transfer and not significantly sacrificing the limit of detection performance for high-speed GC. Further implications are that, if properly implemented, high-speed temperature programming coupled with this new technology should lead to very large peak capacities for similar to1-s separations. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM synovec@chem.washington.edu NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 13 BP 3517 EP 3524 DI 10.1021/ac049909g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 834NR UT WOS:000222418300014 PM 15228319 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Balkwill, DL Kennedy, D Li, SMW Kostandarithes, HM Daly, MJ Romine, MF Brockman, FJ AF Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Balkwill, DL Kennedy, D Li, SMW Kostandarithes, HM Daly, MJ Romine, MF Brockman, FJ TI Geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford Site, Washington State SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNSATURATED SUBSURFACE; MICROBIAL TRANSPORT; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LOW RECHARGE; ZONE AB Sediments from a high-level nuclear waste plume were collected as part of investigations to evaluate the potential fate and migration of contaminants in the subsurface. The plume originated from a leak that occurred in 1962 from a waste tank consisting of high concentrations of alkali, nitrate, aluminate, Cr(VI), Cs-137, and Tc-99. Investigations were initiated to determine the distribution of viable microorganisms in the vadose sediment samples, probe the phylogeny of cultivated and uncultivated members, and evaluate the ability of the cultivated organisms to survive acute doses of ionizing radiation. The populations of viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were generally low, from below detection to similar to10(4) CFU g(-1), but viable microorganisms were recovered from 11 of 16 samples, including several of the most radioactive ones (e.g., > 10 muCi of Cs-137/g). The isolates from the contaminated sediments and clone libraries from sediment DNA extracts were dominated by members related to known gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria most closely related to Arthrobacter species were the most common isolates among all samples, but other phyla high in G+C content were also represented, including Rhodococcus and Nocardia. Two isolates from the second-most radioactive sample (>20 muCi of Cs-137 g(-1)) were closely related to Deinococcus radiodurans and were able to survive acute doses of ionizing radiation approaching 20 kGy. Many of the gram-positive isolates were resistant to lower levels of gamma radiation. These results demonstrate that gram-positive bacteria, predominantly from phyla high in G+C content, are indigenous to Hanford vadose sediments and that some are effective at surviving the extreme physical and chemical stress associated with radioactive waste. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), MS P7-50,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov OI Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X; Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 NR 50 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4230 EP 4241 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4230-4241.2004 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600059 PM 15240306 ER PT J AU Rhee, SK Liu, XD Wu, LY Chong, SC Wan, XF Zhou, JZ AF Rhee, SK Liu, XD Wu, LY Chong, SC Wan, XF Zhou, JZ TI Detection of genes involved in biodegradation and biotransformation in microbial communities by using 50-mer oligonucleotide microarrays SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM THAUERA-AROMATICA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DNA MICROARRAYS; NAPHTHALENE DIOXYGENASE; ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; CATABOLIC PATHWAYS; DEGRADING BACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA AB To effectively monitor biodegrading populations, a comprehensive 50-mer-based oligonucleotide microarray was developed based on most of the 2,402 known genes and pathways involved in biodegradation and metal resistance. This array contained 1,662 unique and group-specific probes with <85% similarity to their nontarget sequences. Based on artificial probes, our results showed that under hybridization conditions of 50degreesC and 50% formamide, the 50-mer microarray hybridization can differentiate sequences having <88% similarity. Specificity tests with representative pure cultures indicated that the designed probes on the arrays appeared to be specific to their corresponding target genes. The detection limit was similar to5 to 10 ng of genomic DNA in the absence of background DNA and 50 to 100 ng of pure-culture genomic DNA in the presence of background DNA or 1.3 x 10(7) cells in the presence of background RNA. Strong linear relationships between the signal intensity and the target DNA and RNA were observed (r(2) = 0.95 to 0.99). Application of this type of microarray to analyze naphthalene-amended enrichment and soil microcosms demonstrated that microflora changed differently depending on the incubation conditions. While the naphthalene-degrading genes from Rhodococcus-type microorganisms were dominant in naphthalene-degrading enrichments, the genes involved in naphthalene (and polyaromatic hydrocarbon and nitrotoluene) degradation from gram-negative microorganisms, such as Ralstonia, Comamonas, and Burkholderia, were most abundant in the soil microcosms. In contrast to general conceptions, naphthalene-degrading genes from Pseudomonas were not detected, although Pseudomonas is widely known as a model microorganism for studying naphthalene degradation. The real-time PCR analysis with four representative genes showed that the microarray-based quantification was very consistent with real-time PCR (r(2) = 0.74). In addition, application of the arrays to both polyaromatic-hydrocarbon- and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene-contaminated and uncontaminated soils indicated that the developed microarrays appeared to be useful for profiling differences in microbial community structures. Our results indicate that this technology has potential as a specific, sensitive, and quantitative tool in revealing a comprehensive picture of the compositions of biodegradation genes and the microbial community in contaminated environments, although more work is needed to improve detection sensitivity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhouj@ornl.gov NR 61 TC 218 Z9 242 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 70 IS 7 BP 4303 EP 4317 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.7.4303-4317.2004 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 839BP UT WOS:000222758600067 PM 15240314 ER PT J AU Sokhansanj, S Turhollow, AF AF Sokhansanj, S Turhollow, AF TI Biomass densification - Cubing operations and costs for corn stover SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cubing costs; corn stover; densification AB Loose plant-based biomass has a low bulk density ranging from 50 to 130 kg/m(3) depending on the plant species, particle density, and particle size. Biomass densified into bales and cubes increases its bulk density to 120 to 500 kg/m(3). The handling properties of pellets and cubes are similar to those properties for grains. The existing, well-developed, conventional bulk handling equipment can be used to handle pelleted and cubed biomass. Although cubed biomass is easier and safer to handle and store, it is more expensive as a feedstock for a conversion plant than biomass bales. The objective of this research was to develop a base cost for cubing using the existing technology. The cost of corn stover bales delivered to a biorefinery 64 km (40 miles) away from an intermediate storage, including a final grinding, was estimated at $60.15/dry Mg ($54.57/dry ton), whereas the cost for corn stover cubes is $71.92/dry Mg ($65.38/dry ton). These costs included $11/dry Mg ($10/dry toil) payment to the farmer The difference between the cost of baled and cubed biomass was in capital equipment and operation costs. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Turhollow, AF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sokhansanjs@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 495 EP 499 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 851DZ UT WOS:000223667000015 ER PT J AU Hettrick, MC Cuneo, ME Porter, JL Ruggles, LE Simpson, WW Vargas, MF Wenger, DF AF Hettrick, MC Cuneo, ME Porter, JL Ruggles, LE Simpson, WW Vargas, MF Wenger, DF TI Profiled bar transmission gratings: soft-x-ray calibration of new Kirchoff solutions SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCIES AB A new analytical model, derived rigorously from scalar diffraction theory, accurately fits soft-x-ray measurements of symmetrical profile gold transmission gratings in all diffracted orders. The calibration system selects numerous photon energies by use of a high-resolution grazing-incidence monochromator and a de e-beam source. Fine-period free-standing gratings exhibit limited performance and require such testing to determine parameters of and select acceptable gratings for use in time-resolved (0.25 ns) spectrographs of known radiometric response. Unfolded spectra yield a Z-pinch plasma peak kTsimilar to250 eV, total radiated energy similar to900 kJ, and a pinch-driven gold-wall hohlraum Planckian kT similar to86 eV. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Hettrick Sci, Fuchu, Tokyo 1830002, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hettrick, MC (reprint author), Hettrick Sci, 1-39-59 Tama Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 1830002, Japan. EM hettrickscientific@yahoo.com NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 19 BP 3772 EP 3796 DI 10.1364/AO.43.003772 PG 25 WC Optics SC Optics GA 834RD UT WOS:000222427300002 PM 15250544 ER PT J AU Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Smith, RF Dunn, J Keenan, R Hunter, JR Moon, SJ Nilsen, J Ng, A Shlyaptsev, VN AF Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Smith, RF Dunn, J Keenan, R Hunter, JR Moon, SJ Nilsen, J Ng, A Shlyaptsev, VN TI Picosecond-resolution soft-x-ray laser plasma interferometry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GAIN SATURATION; TABLETOP LASER; COHERENCE AB We describe a soft-x-ray laser interferometry technique that allows two-dimensional diagnosis of plasma electron density with picosecond time resolution. It consists of the combination of a robust high-throughput amplitude-division interferometer and a 14.7-nm transient-inversion soft-x-ray laser that produces similar to5-ps pulses. Because of its picosecond resolution and short-wavelength scalability, this technique has the potential for extending the high inherent precision of soft-x-ray laser interferometry to the study of very dense plasmas of significant fundamental and practical interest, such as those investigated for inertial confinement fusion. Results of its use in the diagnostics of dense large-scale laser-created plasmas are presented. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Colorado State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Phys, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Filevich, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Natl Sci Fdn, Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rage@engr.colostate.edu NR 27 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 19 BP 3938 EP 3946 DI 10.1364/AO.43.003938 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 834RD UT WOS:000222427300019 PM 15250561 ER PT J AU Harris, RD Cremers, DA Ebinger, MH Bluhm, BK AF Harris, RD Cremers, DA Ebinger, MH Bluhm, BK TI Determination of nitrogen in sand using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; nitrogen; sand; soil ID TOTAL SOIL CARBON; PLASMA EMISSION; CROP PROPERTIES; HEAVY-METALS; AMBIENT AIR; LIBS AB The use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to detect a variety of elements in soils has been demonstrated and instruments have been developed to facilitate these measurements. The ability to determine nitrogen in soil is also important for applications ranging from precision farming to space exploration. For terrestrial use, the ideal situation is for measurements to be conducted in the ambient air, thereby simplifying equipment requirements and speeding the analysis. The high concentration of nitrogen in air, however, is a complicating factor for soil nitrogen measurements. Here we present the results of a study of LIBS detection of nitrogen in sand at atmospheric and reduced pressures to evaluate the method for future applications. Results presented include a survey of the nitrogen spectrum to determine strong N emission lines and determination of measurement precision and a detection limit for N in sand (0.8% by weight). Our findings are significantly different from those of a similar study recently published regarding the detection of nitrogen in soil. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp C ADI, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NMT 15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp EES 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cremers, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp C ADI, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 58 IS 7 BP 770 EP 775 DI 10.1366/0003702041389201 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 839UN UT WOS:000222810500004 PM 15282040 ER PT J AU Li, F Houk, RS AF Li, F Houk, RS TI Controlled dissolution for elemental analysis of sample layers by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: A feasibility study SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE inductively coupled plasma; ICP; ICP mass spectrometry; sample dissolution; depth-resolved analysis ID ICP-MS; OPTIMIZATION; RESOLUTION; VPD AB Aqueous acid mixtures at room temperature are used to partially dissolve steel samples. The dissolved elements are washed off the surface, diluted, and then determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using a magnetic sector mass analyzer. The amount of material removed is measured from the amount of Fe dissolved and increases linearly with HNO3 concentration in the etch acid. Analyte concentrations in the solid are determined from the signal ratio of analyte ion/Fe+. The shape of a plot of mass of element removed vs. nitric acid concentration yields information about the efficiency of the removal process and the likely chemical form of the element in the sample. For elements like Mn, At, and W in steel, these plots have the same linear shape as that for the major element (Fe), and the measured concentrations agree well with the certified values. For problem elements like Nb and Ta, the plots have two linear regions with different slopes, and measured concentrations are lower than the certified values. Laser ablation ICP-MS and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements show these elements to be associated together in the solid in refractory grains that are not dissolved to the same extent as the Fe matrix. For steel, the amount of Fe dissolved corresponds to an average depth of at least 4 mum, or 20 000 atomic layers. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rshouk@iastate.edu NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 58 IS 7 BP 776 EP 783 DI 10.1366/0003702041389256 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 839UN UT WOS:000222810500005 PM 15282041 ER PT J AU Baroukh, N Bauge, E Akiyama, J Chang, J Afzal, V Fruchart, JC Rubin, EM Fruchart-Najib, J Pennacchio, LA AF Baroukh, N Bauge, E Akiyama, J Chang, J Afzal, V Fruchart, JC Rubin, EM Fruchart-Najib, J Pennacchio, LA TI Analysis of apolipoprotein A5, C3, and plasma triglyceride concentrations in genetically engineered mice SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein; triglyceride; transgenic mice ID FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; AIV GENE-CLUSTER; AV GENE; TRANSGENIC MICE; III GENE; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; ATHEROGENESIS; IV; POLYMORPHISMS; CHOLESTEROL AB Objective - Both the apolipoprotein A5 and C3 genes have repeatedly been shown to play an important role in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans and mice. In mice, transgenic and knockout experiments indicate that plasma triglyceride levels are strongly altered by changes in the expression of either of these 2 genes. In humans, common polymorphisms in both genes have also been associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations. These similar findings raised the issue of the relationship between these 2 genes and altered triglycerides. Methods and Results - To address this issue, we generated independent lines of mice that either overexpressed ("double transgenic") or completely lacked ("double knockout") both apolipoprotein genes. We report that both "double transgenic" and "double knockout" mice display normal triglyceride concentrations compared with overexpression or deletion of either gene alone. Furthermore, we find that human ApoAV plasma protein levels in the "double transgenic" mice are approximate to500-fold lower than human ApoCIII levels, supporting ApoAV as a potent triglyceride modulator despite its low concentration. Conclusions - Together, these data support that APOA5 and APOC3 independently influence plasma triglyceride concentrations but in an opposing manner. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Pasteur, Dept Atherosclerosis, F-59019 Lille, France. US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, MS 84-171,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LAPennacchio@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL071954A, HL66681] NR 29 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1297 EP 1302 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000130463.68272.1d PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 834WR UT WOS:000222442100027 PM 15117734 ER PT J AU Batsford, S Dunn, J Mihatsch, M AF Batsford, S Dunn, J Mihatsch, M TI Outer surface lipoproteins of Borrelia burgdorferi vary in their ability to induce experimental joint injury SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CHRONIC ALLERGIC ARTHRITIS; PREVENT LYME-DISEASE; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; PROTEIN-A; TREATMENT-RESISTANT; DIFFERENTIAL RECOGNITION; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AB Objective. To examine the ability of bacterial lipoproteins from the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi to cause in vivo tissue injury (arthritis). Methods. Outer surface proteins (OSPs) from B burgdorferi were used in a rat model of antigen-induced allergic arthritis. Intraarticular challenge with recombinant OspA, OspB, and OspC in nonlipidated (peptide) and lipidated forms was performed in the left knee joint; the contralateral joint received buffer as control. Inflammation was monitored by technetium scintigraphy and histology. Results. Nonlipidated (peptide) OspA, OspB, and OspC did not induce arthritis; the only exception was polymerized OspA, which was tested in preimmunized rats. Lipidated OspA from 2 different strains and lipidated OspC induced severe arthritis, whereas lipidated OspB failed to induce injury. A synthetic analog of the OSP lipid modification, lipopeptide Pam(3)Cys-Ser-LyS(4)-OH, either alone or coupled to bovine serum albumin, also failed to induce injury. Injury did not develop in control groups that were given the appropriate buffers or lipopolysaccharide. This showed that lipidated borrelial OSPs can be potent arthritogens but vary greatly with respect to their injury-inducing potential. The possession of a lipid modification is essential but is not sufficient to render an OSP arthritogenic. Conclusion. This is the first study to demonstrate that individual lipoproteins from B burgdorferi can induce experimental joint injury in vivo. These results may help elucidate the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis and, above all, underline the importance of bacterial lipoproteins as major virulence factors. C1 Univ Freiburg, Inst Med Microbiol, Dept Immunol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Kantonsspital Basel, Inst Pathol, Basel, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Batsford, S (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Med Microbiol, Dept Immunol, Hermann Herder Str 11, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM bats@ukl.uni-freiburg.de NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 50 IS 7 BP 2360 EP 2369 DI 10.1002/art.20337 PG 10 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 839YG UT WOS:000222820300038 PM 15248237 ER PT J AU Garavini, G Folatelli, G Goobar, A Nobili, S Aldering, G Amadon, A Amanullah, R Astier, P Balland, C Blanc, G Burns, MS Conley, A Dahlen, T Deustua, SE Ellis, R Fabbro, S Fan, X Frye, B Gates, EL Gibbons, R Goldhaber, G Goldman, B Groom, DE Haissinski, J Hardin, D Hook, IM Howell, DA Kasen, D Kent, S Kim, AG Knop, RA Lee, BC Lidman, C Mendez, J Miller, GJ Moniez, M Mourao, A Newberg, H Nugent, PE Pain, R Perdereau, O Perlmutter, S Prasad, V Quimby, R Raux, J Regnault, N Rich, J Richards, GT Ruiz-Lapuente, P Sainton, G Schaefer, BE Schahmaneche, K Smith, E Spadafora, AL Stanishev, V Walton, NA Wang, L Wood-Vasey, WM AF Garavini, G Folatelli, G Goobar, A Nobili, S Aldering, G Amadon, A Amanullah, R Astier, P Balland, C Blanc, G Burns, MS Conley, A Dahlen, T Deustua, SE Ellis, R Fabbro, S Fan, X Frye, B Gates, EL Gibbons, R Goldhaber, G Goldman, B Groom, DE Haissinski, J Hardin, D Hook, IM Howell, DA Kasen, D Kent, S Kim, AG Knop, RA Lee, BC Lidman, C Mendez, J Miller, GJ Moniez, M Mourao, A Newberg, H Nugent, PE Pain, R Perdereau, O Perlmutter, S Prasad, V Quimby, R Raux, J Regnault, N Rich, J Richards, GT Ruiz-Lapuente, P Sainton, G Schaefer, BE Schahmaneche, K Smith, E Spadafora, AL Stanishev, V Walton, NA Wang, L Wood-Vasey, WM CA Supernova Cosmology Project TI Spectroscopic observations and analysis of the peculiar SN 1999aa SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 1999aa) ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; CHANDRASEKHAR MASS MODELS; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HIGH-VELOCITY EJECTA; WHITE-DWARF MODELS; IA SUPERNOVAE; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; DETONATION; CARBON AB We present an extensive new time series of spectroscopic data of the peculiar SN 1999aa in NGC 2595. Our data set includes 25 optical spectra between -11 and +58 days with respect to B-band maximum light, providing an unusually complete time history. The early spectra resemble those of an SN 1991T-like object but with a relatively strong Ca H and K absorption feature. The first clear sign of Si II lambda6355, characteristic of Type Ia supernovae, is found at day - 7, and its velocity remains constant up to at least the first month after B-band maximum light. The transition to normal-looking spectra is found to occur earlier than in SN 1991T, suggesting SN 1999aa as a possible link between SN 1991T - like and Branch-normal supernovae. Comparing the observations with synthetic spectra, doubly ionized Fe, Si, and Ni are identified at early epochs. These are characteristic of SN 1991T - like objects. Furthermore, in the day - 11 spectrum, evidence is found for an absorption feature that could be identified as high velocity C II lambda6580 or Halpha. At the same epoch C III lambda4648.8 at photospheric velocity is probably responsible for the absorption feature at 4500 Angstrom. High-velocity Ca is found around maximum light together with Si II and Fe II confined in a narrow velocity window. Implied constraints on supernovae progenitor systems and explosion hydrodynamic models are briefly discussed. C1 Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Colorado Coll, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Tecn Lisboa, IST, CENTRA, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Tecn Lisboa, IST, Dept Fis, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Dept 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Isaac Newton Grp, E-38780 Tenerife, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Garavini, G (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Folatelli, Gaston/A-4484-2011; Stanishev, Vallery/M-8930-2013; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; Mourao, Ana/K-9133-2015 OI Stanishev, Vallery/0000-0002-7626-1181; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Mourao, Ana/0000-0002-0855-1849 NR 105 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1 BP 387 EP 404 DI 10.1086/421747 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 838GZ UT WOS:000222702800031 ER PT J AU West, AA Hawley, SL Walkowicz, LM Covey, KR Silvestri, NM Raymond, SN Harris, HC Munn, JA McGehee, PM Ivezic, Z Brinkmann, J AF West, AA Hawley, SL Walkowicz, LM Covey, KR Silvestri, NM Raymond, SN Harris, HC Munn, JA McGehee, PM Ivezic, Z Brinkmann, J TI Spectroscopic properties of cool stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: An analysis of magnetic activity and a search for subdwarfs SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : structure; solar neighborhood; stars : activity; stars : late-type; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; subdwarfs ID LOW-MASS STARS; M-DWARF; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; MAIN-SEQUENCE; BROWN DWARFS; DATA RELEASE; 2MASS; KINEMATICS; NEIGHBORS; EMISSION AB We present a spectroscopic analysis of nearly 8000 late-type dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Using the Halpha emission line as an activity indicator, we investigate the fraction of active stars as a function of spectral type and find a peak near type M8, confirming previous results. In contrast to past findings, we find that not all M7 - M8 stars are active. We show that this may be a selection effect of the distance distributions of previous samples, since the active stars appear to be concentrated near the Galactic plane. We also examine the activity strength ( ratio of the luminosity emitted in Halpha to the bolometric luminosity) for each star and find that the mean activity strength is constant over the range M0-M5 and declines at later types. The decline begins at a slightly earlier spectral type than previously found. We explore the effect that activity has on the broadband photometric colors and find no significant differences between active and inactive stars. We also carry out a search for subdwarfs using spectroscopic metallicity indicators and find 60 subdwarf candidates. Several of these candidates are near the extreme subdwarf boundary. The spectroscopic subdwarf candidates are redder by similar to 0.2 mag in g - r compared with disk dwarfs at the same r - i color. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP West, AA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM west@astro.washington.edu RI West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; OI Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797 NR 43 TC 212 Z9 212 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1 BP 426 EP 436 DI 10.1086/421364 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 838GZ UT WOS:000222702800034 ER PT J AU Belle, KE Sanghi, N Howell, SB Holberg, JB Williams, PT AF Belle, KE Sanghi, N Howell, SB Holberg, JB Williams, PT TI A preliminary observational search for circumbinary disks around cataclysmic variables SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (QU Carinae, V592 Cassiopeiae, EX Hydrae, DI Lacertae, TZ Persei, V3885 Sagittarii, IX Velorum) ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR CLOUD; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; EX-HYDRAE; EVOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; BINARY; GAS; PARAMETERS; VELOCITY AB Circumbinary (CB) disks have been proposed as a mechanism to extract orbital angular momentum from cataclysmic variables (CVs) during their evolution. As proposed by Taam & Spruit, these disks extend outward to several astronomical units and should be detected observationally via their infrared flux or by absorption lines in the ultraviolet spectra of the CV. We have made use of archival HST/STIS spectra, as well as our own near-IR imaging, to search for observational evidence of such CB disks in seven CVs. Based on the null result, we place an upper limit on the column density of the disk of N(H) similar to 10(17) cm(-2). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. WIYN Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Belle, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-2 Mail Stop P225, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM belle@lanl.gov; nsanghi@email.arizona.edu; howell@noao.edu; holberg@argus.lpl.arizona.edu; ptw@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1 BP 448 EP 462 DI 10.1086/421736 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 838GZ UT WOS:000222702800036 ER PT J AU Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Kurt Anderson, SJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carliles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gal, RR Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hamabe, M Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Leger, RF Li, N Lin, H Loh, YS Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Malik, T Margon, B Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nakajima, R Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S O'Mullane, W Ostriker, JP Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Quinn, TR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Seljak, U Sergey, G Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Teodoro, L Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Wang, SI Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB AF Abazajian, K Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Kurt Anderson, SJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Baldry, IK Bastian, S Berlind, A Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Briggs, JW Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carliles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Doi, M Dong, F Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gal, RR Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Hamabe, M Harris, FH Harris, HC Harvanek, M Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holmgren, DJ Ichikawa, SI Ichikawa, T Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnston, DE Jorgensen, AM Kent, SM Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kniazev, AY Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kunszt, PZ Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lee, BC Leger, RF Li, N Lin, H Loh, YS Long, DC Loveday, J Lupton, RH Malik, T Margon, B Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Nakajima, R Nash, T Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S O'Mullane, W Ostriker, JP Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Quinn, TR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scranton, R Sekiguchi, M Seljak, U Sergey, G Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Siegmund, WA Silvestri, NM Smith, JA Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Szokoly, GP Tegmark, M Teodoro, L Thakar, AR Tremonti, C Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Vanden Berk, DE Vandenberg, J Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Walkowicz, LM Wang, SI Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Xu, YZ Yanny, B Yasuda, N Yip, CW Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB TI The second data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; 1ST DATA RELEASE; PROPER-MOTION CATALOG; USNO-B; GALAXY SAMPLE; WHITE-DWARFS; STARS; SYSTEM; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERS AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has validated and made publicly available its Second Data Release. This data release consists of 3324 deg(2) of five-band (ugriz) imaging data with photometry for over 88 million unique objects, 367,360 spectra of galaxies, quasars, stars, and calibrating blank sky patches selected over 2627 deg(2) of this area, and tables of measured parameters from these data. The imaging data reach a depth of r approximate to 22.2 ( 95% completeness limit for point sources) and are photometrically and astrometrically calibrated to 2% rms and 100 mas rms per coordinate, respectively. The imaging data have all been processed through a new version of the SDSS imaging pipeline, in which the most important improvement since the last data release is fixing an error in the model fits to each object. The result is that model magnitudes are now a good proxy for point-spread function magnitudes for point sources, and Petrosian magnitudes for extended sources. The spectroscopy extends from 3800 to 9200 8 at a resolution of 2000. The spectroscopic software now repairs a systematic error in the radial velocities of certain types of stars and has substantially improved spectrophotometry. All data included in the SDSS Early Data Release and First Data Release are reprocessed with the improved pipelines and included in the Second Data Release. Further characteristics of the data are described, as are the data products themselves and the tools for accessing them. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Lucent Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Japan Womens Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1128681, Japan. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. USN, Remote Sensing Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Akad Pedag Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. CERN, IT Div, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QJ, E Sussex, England. Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Japan Participat Grp, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Abazajian, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Kunszt, Peter/0000-0003-0933-4763; Holmgren, Donald/0000-0001-6701-7737; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Smith, J. Allyn/0000-0002-6261-4601; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 41 TC 762 Z9 768 U1 3 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1086/421365 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 838GZ UT WOS:000222702800040 ER PT J AU Toft, S Mainieri, V Rosati, P Lidman, C Demarco, R Nonino, A Stanford, SA AF Toft, S Mainieri, V Rosati, P Lidman, C Demarco, R Nonino, A Stanford, SA TI K-s-band luminosity function of the z=1.237 cluster of galaxies RDCS J1252.9-2927 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : individual : RDCS J 1252.9-2927; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : luminosity function; mass function; cosmology : observations ID COLOR-MAGNITUDE RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; DISTANT CLUSTERS; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS AB Using deep VLT/ISAAC near-infrared imaging data, we derive the K-s-band luminosity function (LF) of the z = 1.237 massive X-ray luminous cluster of galaxies RDCS J1252.9-2927. Photometric redshifts, derived from deep multiwavelength BVRIzJK(s) data, and calibrated using a large subset of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, are used to separate the cluster galaxy population from the foreground and background field galaxy population. This allows for a simultaneous determination of the characteristic magnitude K-s* and faint end slope alpha of the LF without having to make an uncertain statistical background subtraction. The derived LF is well represented by the Schechter function with K-s* = 18.54(-0.55)(+0.45) and alpha = -0.64(-0.25)(+0.27) The shape of the bright end of the derived LF is similar to that measured at similar restframe wavelengths (in the z-band) in local clusters, but the characteristic magnitude is brighter by DeltaM(z)* 1.40(-0.58)(+0.49) mag. The derived a is similar to the value derived in the K-s-band in the z = 1 cluster of galaxies MG2016+112 but is shallower (at the 2.2sigma level) than the value measured at similar restframe wavelength (in the z-band) in clusters in the local universe. The brightening of the characteristic magnitude and lack of evolution in the shape of the bright end of the LF suggests that the massive cluster ellipticals that dominate the bright end of the LF were already in place at z = 1.237, while the flattening of the faint end slope suggest that clusters at z similar to 1 contains relatively smaller fractions of low mass galaxies than clusters in the local universe. The results presented in this paper are a challenge for semi analytical hierarchical models of galaxy formation which predict the characteristic magnitude to grow fainter and the faint end slope to steepen with redshift as the massive galaxies break up into their progenitors. The observed evolution is consistent with a scenario in which clusters are composed of a population of massive galaxies which formed at high redshift (z much greater than 1) and subsequently evolved passively, and a population of lower mass galaxies which are gradually accreted from the field, primarily at lower redshift (z < 1). C1 Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. European So Observ, Santiago, Chile. Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. Osserv Astron Trieste, Inst Nazl Astrofis, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. RP Toft, S (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Astron Observ, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM toft@astro.yale.edu OI Nonino, Mario/0000-0001-6342-9662 NR 55 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 422 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20030621 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 844PE UT WOS:000223171300009 ER PT J AU Kaastra, JS Steenbrugge, KC Crenshaw, DM Kraemer, SB Arav, N George, IM Liedahl, DA van der Meer, RLJ Paerels, FBS Turner, TJ Yaqoob, T AF Kaastra, JS Steenbrugge, KC Crenshaw, DM Kraemer, SB Arav, N George, IM Liedahl, DA van der Meer, RLJ Paerels, FBS Turner, TJ Yaqoob, T TI Simultaneous X-ray and ultraviolet spectroscopy of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5548 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : individual : NGC 5548; X-rays : individual : NGC 5548; X-rays : galaxies ID INTRINSIC ABSORPTION; NGC 5548; VARIABILITY; CHANDRA AB The Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 was observed for a week by Chandra using both the HETGS and LETGS spectrometers. In this paper we study the time variability of the continuum radiation. During our observation, the source showed a gradual increase in flux over four days, followed by a rapid decrease and flattening of the light curve afterwards. Superimposed upon these relatively slow variations several short duration bursts or quasi-periodic oscillations occured with a typical duration of several hours and separation between 0.6-0.9 days. The bursts show a delay of the hard X-rays with respect to the soft X-rays of a few hours. We interpret these bursts as occurring due to a rotating, fluctuating hot spot at approximately 10 gravitational radii; the time delay of the hard X-rays from the bursts agrees with the canonical picture of Inverse Compton scattering of the soft accretion disk photons on a hot medium that is relatively close to the central black hole. C1 SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron Off, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astron & Solar Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Kaastra, JS (reprint author), SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM J.S.Kaastra@sron.nl NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 422 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20040291 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 844PE UT WOS:000223171300015 ER PT J AU Lazzati, D Covino, S Gorosabel, J Rossi, E Ghisellini, G Rol, E Ceron, JMC Castro-Tirado, AJ Della Valle, A di Serego Alighieri, S Fruchter, AS Fynbo, JPU Goldini, P Hjorth, J Israel, GL Kaper, L Kawai, N Le Floc'h, E Malesani, D Masetti, N Mazzali, P Mirabel, F Moller, P Ortolani, S Palazzi, E Pian, E Rhoads, J Ricker, G Salmonson, JD Stella, L Tagliaferri, G Tanvir, N van den Heuvel, E Wijers, RAMJ Zerbi, FM AF Lazzati, D Covino, S Gorosabel, J Rossi, E Ghisellini, G Rol, E Ceron, JMC Castro-Tirado, AJ Della Valle, A di Serego Alighieri, S Fruchter, AS Fynbo, JPU Goldini, P Hjorth, J Israel, GL Kaper, L Kawai, N Le Floc'h, E Malesani, D Masetti, N Mazzali, P Mirabel, F Moller, P Ortolani, S Palazzi, E Pian, E Rhoads, J Ricker, G Salmonson, JD Stella, L Tagliaferri, G Tanvir, N van den Heuvel, E Wijers, RAMJ Zerbi, FM TI On the jet structure and magnetic field configuration of GRB 020813 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; polarization; radiation mechanisms : non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; GRB-021206; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; DECAY; ANGLE AB The polarization curve of GRB 020813 is discussed and compared to different models for the structure, evolution and magnetisation properties of the jet and the interstellar medium onto which the fireball impacts. GRB 020813 is best suited for this kind of analysis for the smoothness of its afterglow light curve, ensuring the applicability of current models. The polarization dataset allows us to rule out the standard GRB jet, in which the energy and Lorentz factor have a well defined value inside the jet opening angle and the magnetic field is generated at the shock front. We explore alternative models finding that a structured jet or a jet with a toroidal component of the magnetic field can fit equally well the polarization curve. Stronger conclusions cannot be drawn due to the incomplete sampling of the polarization curve. A more dense sampling, especially at early times, is required to pin down the structure of the jet and the geometry of its magnetic field. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy. CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Granada 18080, Spain. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00044 Monterporzio, Italy. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Lorme Merisiers, DAPNIA, DSM, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Astron Observ, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Tokyo Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Early Univ, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM lazzati@ast.cam.ac.uk RI di Serego Alighieri, Sperello/E-4067-2010; Fynbo, Johan/L-8496-2014; Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Palazzi, Eliana/N-4746-2015; OI di Serego Alighieri, Sperello/0000-0001-8769-2692; Fynbo, Johan/0000-0002-8149-8298; Della Valle, Massimo/0000-0003-3142-5020; Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; ORTOLANI, SERGIO/0000-0001-7939-5348; Ghisellini, Gabriele/0000-0002-0037-1974; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Palazzi, Eliana/0000-0002-8691-7666; Zerbi, Filippo Maria/0000-0002-9996-973X; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Israel, GianLuca/0000-0001-5480-6438; Covino, Stefano/0000-0001-9078-5507; Masetti, Nicola/0000-0001-9487-7740; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 422 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20035951 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 844PE UT WOS:000223171300018 ER PT J AU Fryer, CL Holz, DE Hughes, SA AF Fryer, CL Holz, DE Hughes, SA TI Gravitational waves from stellar collapse: Correlations to explosion asymmetries SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; gravitational waves; stars : neutron; supernovae : general ID ROTATIONAL CORE COLLAPSE; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; II SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS; NEUTRON-STAR KICKS; MASSIVE STARS; BLACK-HOLES; RADIATION; SIMULATIONS; CONVECTION; ACCRETION AB The collapse of massive stars produces not only observable outbursts across the entire electromagnetic spectrum but, for Galactic ( or near-Galactic) supernovae, detectable signals for ground-based neutrino and gravitational-wave detectors. Gravitational waves and neutrinos provide the only means to study the actual engine behind the optical outbursts: the collapsed stellar core. While the neutrinos are most sensitive to details of the equation of state, gravitational waves provide a means to study the mass asymmetries in this central core. We present gravitational-wave signals from a series of three-dimensional core-collapse simulations with asymmetries derived from initial perturbations caused by precollapse convection, core rotation, and low-mode convection in the explosion engine itself. A Galactic supernovae will allow us to differentiate these different sources of asymmetry. Combining this signal with other observations of the supernova, from neutrinos to gamma-rays to the compact remnant, dramatically increases the predictive power of the gravitational-wave signal. We conclude with a discussion of the gravitational-wave signal arising from collapsars, the leading engine for long-duration gamma-ray bursts. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Labs, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM clf@t6-serv.lanl.gov; deholz@itp.ucsb.edu; hughes@itp.ucsb.edu NR 50 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 609 IS 1 BP 288 EP 300 DI 10.1086/421040 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 832FO UT WOS:000222252900028 ER PT J AU Barnard, JC Chapman, EG Fast, JD Schmelzer, JR Slusser, JR Shetter, RE AF Barnard, JC Chapman, EG Fast, JD Schmelzer, JR Slusser, JR Shetter, RE TI An evaluation of the FAST-J photolysis algorithm for predicting nitrogen dioxide photolysis rates under clear and cloudy sky conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE NO2 photolysis; radiative transfer model; cloudy sky; cloud optical thickness; single scattering albedo ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT; ACTINIC FLUX SPECTRORADIOMETRY; INTERCOMPARISON IPMMI; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEXICO-CITY; NO2; AEROSOLS AB The FAST-J algorithm was developed to quickly and accurately calculate photolysis rates under both clear and cloudy sky conditions. In this paper, photolysis rates of nitrogen dioxide were calculated using FAST-J and compared with measurements taken at two sites in the United States: Phoenix, Arizona, and Houston, Texas. The measurements were derived from either an actinic flux filter radiometer (Phoenix) or a spectroradiometer (Houston). A sun photometer sited nearby these radiometers provided irradiance measurements from which aerosol and cloud optical thicknesses were obtained. Aerosol single scattering albedo was not known, but was taken to be either 0.79 or 0.94, representative of either soot- or sulfate-like aerosols, respectively. These optical properties served as input to the FAST-J algorithm, which in turn was used to calculate photolysis rates. For both clear and cloudy sky cases, the modeled and measured photolysis rates agree within the uncertainties of the measurements for a single scattering albedo of 0.94. For a single scattering albedo of 0.79, the agreement is again within the uncertainty limits except for the cloudy sky case in Houston. The results suggest that the FAST-J code may be a practical algorithm for use in atmospheric chemical transport models that make repeated calls to photolysis rate subroutines. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, UVB Monitoring & Res Network, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Barnard, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN K9-30,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.barnard@pnl.gov RI Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 38 IS 21 BP 3393 EP 3403 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.034 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826OJ UT WOS:000221838100003 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Cheng, W Joslin, JD Norby, RJ Edwards, NT Todd, DE AF Johnson, DW Cheng, W Joslin, JD Norby, RJ Edwards, NT Todd, DE TI Effects of elevated CO2 on nutrient cycling in a sweetgum plantation SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; forest; nutrients; uptake; nutrient cycling ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ION-EXCHANGE RESIN; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; CO2-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERE; ENRICHMENT FACE; PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST; NITROGEN; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEMS AB The effects of elevated CO2 on nutrient cycling and selected belowground processes in the closed-canopy sweetgum plantation were assessed as part of a free-air CO2 enrichment ( FACE) experiment at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. We hypothesized that nitrogen (N) constraints to growth response to elevated CO2 would be mitigated primarily by reduced tissue concentrations (resulting in increased biomass production per unit uptake) rather than increased uptake. Conversely, we hypothesized that the constraints of other nutrients to growth response to elevated CO2 would be mitigated primarily by increased uptake because of adequate soil supplies. The first hypothesis was not supported: although elevated CO2 caused reduced foliar N concentrations, it also resulted in increased uptake and requirement of N, primarily because of greater root turnover. The additional N uptake with elevated CO2 constituted between 10 and 40% of the estimated soil mineralizeable N pool. The second hypothesis was largely supported: elevated CO2 had no significant effects on tissue concentrations of P, K, Ca, or Mg and caused significantly increased uptake and requirement of K, Ca, and Mg. Soil exchangeable pools of these nutrients are large and should pose no constraint to continued growth responses. Elevated CO2 also caused increased microbial biomass, reduced N leaching and increased P leaching from O horizons ( measured by resin lysimeters), reduced soil solution NH4+, SO42-, and Ca2+ concentrations, and increased soil solution pH. There were no statistically significant treatment effects on soil nutrient availability as measured by resin capsules, resin stakes, or in situ incubations. Despite significantly lower litterfall N concentrations in the elevated CO2 treatment, there were no significant treatment effects on translocation or forest floor biomass or nutrient contents. There were also no significant treatment effects on the rate of decomposition of fine roots. In general, the effects of elevated CO2 on nutrient cycling in this study were not large; future constraints on growth responses imposed by N limitations will depend on changes in N demand, atmospheric N deposition, and soil mineralization rates. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Belowground Forest Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dwj@cabnr.unr.edu RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Cheng, Weixin/F-4968-2011 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Cheng, Weixin/0000-0003-2964-2376 NR 45 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 49 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD JUL PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 BP 379 EP 403 DI 10.1023/B:BIOG.0000031054.19158.7c PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 827UZ UT WOS:000221930000005 ER PT J AU Jang, H Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ Woolf, TB AF Jang, H Crozier, PS Stevens, MJ Woolf, TB TI How environment supports a state: Molecular dynamics simulations of two states in bacteriorhodopsin suggest lipid and water compensation SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; VECTORIAL PROTON TRANSPORT; INDIVIDUAL ALPHA-HELICES; PURPLE MEMBRANE; SCHIFF-BASE; FREE-ENERGY; EXTRACELLULAR SURFACE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; EARLY INTERMEDIATE; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES AB The light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a transmembrane protein that uses large conformational changes for proton transfer from the cytoplasmic to the extracellular regions. Crystal structures, due to their solvent conditions, do not resolve the effect of lipid molecules on these protein conformational changes. To begin to understand the molecular details behind such large conformational changes, we simulated two conformations of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin, one of the dark-adapted state and the second of an intermediate (M-O) state, each within an explicit dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) lipid bilayer. The simulations included all-hydrogen and all-atom representations of protein, lipid, and water and were performed for 20 ns. We investigate the equilibrium properties and the dynamic motions of the two conformations in the lipid setting. We note that the conformational state of the M-O intermediate bR remains markedly different from the dark-adapted bR state in that the M-O intermediate shows rearrangement of the cytoplasmic portions of helices C, F, and G, and nearby loops. This difference in the states remained throughout the simulations, and the results are stable on the molecular dynamics timescale and provide an illustration of the changes in both lipid and water that help to stabilize a particular state. Our analysis focuses on how the environment adjusts to these two states and on how the dynamics of the helices, loops, and water molecules can be related to the pump mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin. For example, water generally behaves in the same manner on the extracellular sides of both simulations but is decreased in the cytoplasmic region of the M-O intermediate. We suspect that the different water behavior is closely related to the fluctuations of microcavities volume in the protein interior, which is strongly coupled to the collective motion of the protein. Our simulation result suggests that experimental observation can be useful to verify a decreased number of waters in the cytoplasmic regions of the late-intermediate stages by measuring the rate of water exchange with the interior of the protein. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jang, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM hbj@groucho.med.jhmi.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM064746] NR 65 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 1 BP 129 EP 145 DI 10.1529/biophysj.104.039602 PG 17 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 835OJ UT WOS:000222492800014 PM 15240452 ER PT J AU Hu, DH Lu, HP AF Hu, DH Lu, HP TI Placing single-molecule T4 lysozyme enzymes on a bacterial cell surface: Toward probing single-molecule enzymatic reaction in living cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; DNA AB The T4 lysozyme enzymatic hydrolyzation reaction of bacterial cell walls is an important biological process, and single-molecule enzymatic reaction dynamics have been studied under physiological condition using purified Escherichia coli cell walls as substrates. Here, we report progress toward characterizing the T4 lysozyme enzymatic reaction on a living bacterial cell wall using a combined single-molecule placement and spectroscopy. Placing a dye-labeled single T4 lysozyme molecule on a targeted bacterial cell wall by using a hydrodynamic microinjection approach, we monitored single-molecule rotational motions during binding, attachment to, and dissociation from the cell wall by tracing single-molecule fluorescence intensity time trajectories and polarization. The single-molecule attachment duration of the T4 lysozyme to the cell wall during enzymatic reactions was typically shorter than the photobleaching time under physiological conditions. Applying single-molecule fluorescence polarization measurements to characterize the binding and motions of the T4 lysozyme molecules, we observed that the motions of wild-type and mutant T4 lysozyme proteins are essentially the same whether under an enzymatic reaction or not. The changing of the fluorescence polarization suggests that the motions of the T4 lysozyme are associated with orientational rotations. This observation also suggests that the T4 lysozyme binding-unbinding motions on cell walls involve a complex mechanism beyond a single-step first-order rate process. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, HP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, POB 999,MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM peter.lu@pnl.gov RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 1 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1529/biophysj.104.042101 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 835OJ UT WOS:000222492800061 PM 15240499 ER PT J AU Rossle, M Panine, P Urban, VS Riekel, C AF Rossle, M Panine, P Urban, VS Riekel, C TI Structural evolution of regenerated silk fibroin under shear: Combined wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Bombyx mori silk fibroin; small-angle x-ray scattering; wide-angle x-ray scattering; in situ shearing experiment; silk I/II formation; synchrotron radiation ID BOMBYX-MORI; SPIDER SILK; FIBER FORMATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MECHANISM; PROTEINS; MODEL; NMR; MICRODIFFRACTION AB The structural evolution of regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin during shearing with a Couette cell has been studied in situ by synchrotron radiation small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering techniques. An elongation of fibroin molecules was observed with increasing shear rate, followed by an aggregation phase. The aggregates were found to be amorphous with beta-conformation according to infrared spectroscopy. Scanning x-ray microdiffraction with a 5 /mum beam on aggregated material, which had solidified in air, showed silk H reflections and a material with equatorial reflections close to the silk I structure reflections, but with strong differences in reflection intensities. This silk I type material shows up to two low-angle peaks suggesting the presence of water molecules that might be intercalated between hydrogen-bonded sheets. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. European Mol Biol Lab, Hamburg Outstn, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Riekel, C (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. EM riekel@esrf.fr RI Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015 OI Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408 NR 54 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 7 U2 39 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD JUL PY 2004 VL 74 IS 4 BP 316 EP 327 DI 10.1002/bip.20083 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 833AB UT WOS:000222307700004 PM 15211500 ER PT J AU Borole, AP Cheng, CL Davison, BH AF Borole, AP Cheng, CL Davison, BH TI Substrate desolvation as a governing factor in enzymatic transformations of PAHs in aqueous-acetonitrile mixtures SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID MISCIBLE ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; CYTOCHROME-C; WATER; PETROPORPHYRINS; HYDROPHOBICITY; ASPHALTENES; OXIDATION; MEDIA AB Conversion of hydrophobic substrates such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was studied in aqueous-organic media using transformation of pyrene by cytochrome c. The experiments were conducted in pure solvents and aqueous-acetonitrile mixtures. The reaction rates dropped gradually as the solvent concentration was increased and were negligible in pure solvents. Thermodynamic calculations show that substrate desolvation was the governing factor in this reaction. The decrease in free energy of activation upon increasing the solvent concentration was found to be proportional to the substrate transfer free energy. This suggests that in order to make such reactions feasible in organic media, it will be necessary to improve the binding between the proteins and the substrates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Borole, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM borolea@ornl.gov RI Borole, AP/F-3933-2011; Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013; OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609; Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1254 DI 10.1021/bp034302r PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 844SU UT WOS:000223181000033 PM 15296456 ER PT J AU Chasis, JA AF Chasis, JA TI Mammalian primitive erythrocytes: neither fish norfowl SO BLOOD LA English DT Editorial Material ID ERYTHROPOIESIS; MOUSE AB Mammalian primitive erythroblasts undergo enucleation in the circulation, thus refuting the long-standing perception that primitive erythroblasts remain nucleated and are more similar to nucleated avian, fish, and reptile red cells than to definitive red cells of mammals. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chasis, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 104 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1587 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 832ZZ UT WOS:000222307500001 ER PT J AU Miura, M Morris, GM Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Makar, MS Cook, SP Slatkin, DN AF Miura, M Morris, GM Micca, PL Nawrocky, MM Makar, MS Cook, SP Slatkin, DN TI Synthesis of copper octabromotetracarboranylphenylporphyrin for boron neutron capture therapy and its toxicity and biodistribution in tumour-bearing mice SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; BRAIN-TUMORS; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; SODIUM BOROCAPTATE; IN-VIVO; BORONOPHENYLALANINE; PHARMACOKINETICS; NA2B12H11SH; PORPHYRIN; GLIOMA AB Copper tetracarboranyltetraphenylporphyrin (CuTCPH) is a minimally toxic carborane-containing porphyrin that has safely delivered high concentrations of boron for experimental boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Copper octabromotetracarboranylphenylporphyrin (CuTCPBr), synthesized by bromination of CuTCPH, is one of several new minimally toxic analogues of CuTCPH being studied in our laboratory, which could possess comparable or better tumour-targeting properties with enhanced tumour cytotoxicity. Its biodistribution, biokinetics and toxicity in mice with subcutaneous EMT-6 (mammary) or SCCVII (squamous cell) carcinomas were compared with those of CuTCPH. The administration of similar to200 mg kg(-1) of either porphyrin in six intraperitoneal injections over 2 days had no apparent effect, but administration of similar to400 mg kg(-1) slightly lowered body weights, elevated alanine and aspartate transaminase activities in blood plasma, and depressed blood platelet counts for several days. Enzymes and platelets returned to normal within 5 days after those injections and body weights returned to normal within 2 weeks. High average concentrations of boron from either porphyrin were achieved in the two tumour models from a total dose of similar to200 mg kg(-1). The high tumour boron concentration decreased slowly while concentrations in blood decreased rapidly. Boron concentrations in brain and skin were consistently lower than in tumour by a factor of 10 or more. Although either CuTCPH or CuTCPBr can be labelled with Cu-64 for imaging by positron emission tomography (PET), CuTCPBr can also be labelled by Br-76, another PET-imageable nuclide. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miura, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU BRITISH INST RADIOLOGY PI LONDON PA 36 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 4AT, ENGLAND SN 0007-1285 J9 BRIT J RADIOL JI Br. J. Radiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 77 IS 919 BP 573 EP 580 DI 10.1259/bjr/71404908 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 842HA UT WOS:000222993100007 PM 15238404 ER PT J AU Rizki, A Bissell, MJ AF Rizki, A Bissell, MJ TI Homeostasis in the breast: It takes a village SO CANCER CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CANCER; MARKERS AB Progression from normal to malignant phenotype involves aberrations in the reciprocal interactions of multiple cell types with each other and with other components of the microenvironment. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Allinen et al. (2004) demonstrate that progression to breast cancer involves genotypic as well as gene expression changes that are cell type-specific, suggesting that targeted therapies delivered to the tumor may need to include drugs targeted not only to the tumor cells, but also to the other cell types in the tumor microenvironment. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Canc Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Canc Biol, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 83-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjbissell@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1535-6108 J9 CANCER CELL JI Cancer Cell PD JUL PY 2004 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.06.019 PG 2 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 842FE UT WOS:000222987900001 PM 15261134 ER PT J AU Duma, V Popp, KE Kung, MC Zhou, H Nguyen, S Ohyama, S Kung, HH Marshall, CL AF Duma, V Popp, KE Kung, MC Zhou, H Nguyen, S Ohyama, S Kung, HH Marshall, CL TI Gas phase oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol over nickel oxide catalysts SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE benzoic acid; phenol synthesis; nickel oxide; heterogeneous catalysis ID VAPOR-PHASE; NIO-FE2O3 CATALYSTS; DEACTIVATION; KINETICS; VANADIA; TOLUENE; V2O5; NIO AB The catalytic conversion of benzoic acid to phenol in the presence of water and oxygen was studied in the vapor phase over nickel oxide on various supports. NiO/SiO2 was the most selective, and the selectivity reached over 50% using iron oxide and sodium oxide modifiers. Ni-Fe oxide prepared by coprecipitation deactivated with time-on-stream, but that prepared using a cellulose templating method was more stable. Benzene was often a significant by-product. Some coupling products were formed, including xanthone, fluorenone, and biphenyl. From deuterium isotope labeling experiments, the hydroxyl group was found to be formed at the carbon next to the one with the carboxylic acid group. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 201, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kung, HH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM hkung@northwestern.edu RI Kung, Mayfair/B-7648-2009; Kung, Harold/B-7647-2009; Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 99 IS 3 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2003.11.012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 823QU UT WOS:000221628900005 ER PT J AU Hachmann, J Galek, PTA Yanai, T Chan, GKL Handy, NC AF Hachmann, J Galek, PTA Yanai, T Chan, GKL Handy, NC TI The nodes of Hartree-Fock wavefunctions and their orbitals SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; RANDOM-WALK SIMULATION; SCHRODINGER EQUATION; ATOMS; MOLECULES; 1ST-ROW; LI AB Hartree-Fock generated orbitals and wavefunctions feature nodes and nodal artefacts due to theory and different aspects of practical computation (basis set truncation and arrangement, as well as convergence limitations). We find that nodal artefacts occur even in high precision near complete basis set limit calculations. The beryllium atom is studied in detail. The consequences of our discussions have implications for Quantum Monte Carlo studies and the numerical investigation of fermion nodes. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Computat Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Univ Jena, Inst Chem Phys, Arbitsgrp Theoret Chem, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Computat Chem Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hachmann, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Computat Chem, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. EM jh479@cam.ac.uk NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 392 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.070 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 834IT UT WOS:000222405500011 ER PT J AU Meloni, G Ferguson, MJ Sheehan, SM Gomez, H Liu, Z Neumark, DM AF Meloni, G Ferguson, MJ Sheehan, SM Gomez, H Liu, Z Neumark, DM TI Probing the connection between cluster and bulk electronic structure of InP using vacuum ultraviolet anion photoelectron spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE CLUSTERS; X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; GAAS CLUSTERS; BAND-GAP; STATES; SIZE; PHOTODETACHMENT; ENERGETICS; EVOLUTION AB Vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron (PE) spectra of InxPx- (x = 2-13) clusters were measured to probe the evolution of their electronic structure with size. The spectra of smaller (x less than or equal to 6) clusters show numerous discrete electronic features, with fewer seen for x = 7 and 8. For x greater than or equal to 9, the PE spectra comprise two broad peaks resembling the first two valence bands of the InP bulk photoemission spectrum and calculated density of states. Electronic structure calculations show that the character of the electronic states contributing to the two bands in the cluster PE spectra is similar to that in the bulk photoemission spectrum. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dan@radon.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 392 IS 1-3 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 834IT UT WOS:000222405500017 ER PT J AU Rodland, KD AF Rodland, KD TI Proteomics and cancer diagnosis: the potential of mass spectrometry SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE proteomics; mass spectrometry; biomarkers; tumor markers ID NIPPLE ASPIRATE FLUID; HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; BREAST-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; OVARIAN-CANCER; IDENTIFICATION; SERUM; PATTERNS AB Proteomic approaches to the identification of novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and staging have traditionally relied on the identification of differentially expressed proteins between tumor cells and their normal counterparts based on the patterns of protein expression observed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Recent advances in mass spectrometry and in the informatics and statistical tools necessary to interpret mass spectrometric data have revolutionized the approach to defining new tumor markers. The combinations of SELDI mass spectrometry, retentate affinity chromatography, and statistical algorithms for pattern recognition have engendered a great deal of interest in 'proteomic profiling' as a diagnostic tool. However, the ability of new mass spectrometers to provide unambiguous identification of low abundance proteins from mixtures as complex as human serum also provides a mechanism for the discovery and mechanistic validation of small sets of specific proteins that are amenable to more traditional formats for clinical assays. (C) 2004 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rodland, KD (reprint author), US DOE, P7-56,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM karin.rodland@pnl.gov NR 36 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 37 IS 7 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.05.011 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 838XN UT WOS:000222746800010 PM 15234239 ER PT J AU Pickett, LM Siebers, DL AF Pickett, LM Siebers, DL TI Soot in diesel fuel jets: effects of ambient temperature, ambient density, and injection pressure SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE diesel combustion; soot; lifted flames; sprays ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTION AB Measurements of soot distributions in fuel jets injected into high-temperature, high-pressure diesel-like operating conditions were made in an optically accessible constant-volume combustion vessel. A laser-extinction technique was used to make quantitative measurements of path-length-averaged soot volume fraction. Flame luminosity and planar laser-induced incandescence imaging were used to visualize the sooting region of the fuel jet. Flame lift-oft lengths were also measured and used in the interpretation and analysis of the soot measurements. Fuel was injected with a common-rail diesel fuel injector equipped with a single 100-mum-diameter orifice. The fuel used was #2 diesel fuel. The matrix of experimental conditions included ambient gas temperatures from 850 to 1300 K, ambient gas densities from 7.3 to 30.0 kg/m(3), and injection pressures from 43 to 184 MPa. The results show that peak soot level in a fuel jet increases with increasing ambient gas temperature, with the increase scaling linearly with temperature. However, near the tip of the flame, the soot levels decrease with increasing ambient temperature, indicating significantly higher soot oxidation rates in the flame-tip region at higher temperatures. The results also show that the peak soot level in a fuel jet increases with increasing ambient gas density and decreasing injection pressure. The increase with increasing ambient density is nonlinear with respect to density. The increase with decreasing injection pressure is linear with decreasing injection velocity (or the square root of the pressure drop across the injector orifice). Overall, the trends observed in diesel fuel jet soot closely correlate with the cross-sectional average equivalence ratio at the lift-off length, with soot levels decreasing as the equivalence ratio decreases (i.e., as more air entrainment and mixing of fuel and air occur upstream of the lift-off length). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pickett, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lmpicke@sandia.gov NR 75 TC 149 Z9 157 U1 5 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 2004 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.04.006 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 836KD UT WOS:000222553500010 ER PT J AU Dongarra, J AF Dongarra, J TI The Boole Lecture - Trends in high performance computing SO COMPUTER JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Annual Boole Lecture was established and is sponsored by the Boole Centre for Research in Informatics, the Cork Constraint Computation Centre, the Department of Computer Science, and the School of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Statistics at University College Cork. The series is named in honour of George Boole, the first professor of Mathematics at UCC, whose seminal work on logic in the late 1800s is central to modern digital computing. To mark this great contribution, leaders in the fields of computing and mathematics are invited to talk to the general public on directions in science, on past achievements and on visions for the future. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dongarra@cs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0010-4620 J9 COMPUT J JI Comput. J. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 47 IS 4 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1093/comjnl/47.4.399 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 830LK UT WOS:000222123400001 ER PT J AU Qiang, J Gluckstern, RL AF Qiang, J Gluckstern, RL TI Three-dimensional Poisson solver for a charged beam with large aspect ratio in a conducting pipe SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Poisson solver; Hermite-Gaussian approximation; large aspect ratio; open boundary conditions ID COLLOCATION METHOD; ACCURATE SOLUTION; EQUATION; SIMULATION AB In this paper, we present a three-dimensional Poisson equation solver for the electrostatic potential of a charged beam with large longitudinal to transverse aspect ratio in a straight and a bent conducting pipe with open-end boundary conditions. In this solver, we have used a Hermite-Gaussian series to represent the longitudinal spatial dependence of the charge density and the electric potential. Using the Hermite-Gaussian approximation, the original three-dimensional Poisson equation has been reduced into a group of coupled two-dimensional partial differential equations with the coupling strength proportional to the inverse square of the longitudinal-to-transverse aspect ratio. For a large aspect ratio, the coupling is weak. These two-dimensional partial differential equations can be solved independently using an iterative approach. The iterations converge quickly due to the large aspect ratio of the beam. For a transverse round conducting pipe, the two-dimensional Poisson equation is solved using a Bessel function approximation and a Fourier function approximation. The three-dimensional Poisson solver can have important applications in the study of the space-charge effects in the high intensity proton storage ring accelerator or induction linear accelerator for heavy ion fusion where the ratio of bunch length to the transverse size is large. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Qiang, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jqiang@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 2 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.03.002 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 832VH UT WOS:000222295000002 ER PT J AU Mason, DR Rudd, RE Sutton, AP AF Mason, DR Rudd, RE Sutton, AP TI Stochastic kinetic Monte Carlo algorithms for long-range Hamiltonians SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE vacancies; vacancy diffusion; kinetic Monte Carlo; residence time ID FINNIS-SINCLAIR POTENTIALS; SIMULATION; MECHANISM; PHASES; ALLOYS AB We present a higher order kinetic Monte Carlo methodology suitable to model the evolution of systems in which the transition rates are non-trivial to calculate or in which Monte Carlo moves are likely to be non-productive flicker events. The second order residence time algorithm first introduced by Athenes et al. [Phil. Mag. A 76 (1997) 565] is rederived from the n-fold way algorithm of Bortz et al. [J. Comput. Phys. 17 (1975) 10] as a fully stochastic algorithm. The second order algorithm can be dynamically called when necessary to eliminate unproductive flickering between a metastable state and its neighbours. An algorithm combining elements of the first order and second order methods is shown to be more efficient, in terms of the number of rate calculations, than the first order or second order methods alone while remaining statistically identical. This efficiency is of prime importance when dealing with computationally expensive rate functions such as those arising from long-range Hamiltonians. Our algorithm has been developed for use when considering simulations of vacancy diffusion under the influence of elastic stress fields. We demonstrate the improved efficiency of the method over that of the n-fold way in simulations of vacancy diffusion in alloys. Our algorithm is seen to be an order of magnitude more efficient than the n-fold way in these simulations. We show that when magnesium is added to an Al-2at.%Cu alloy, this has the effect of trapping vacancies. When trapping occurs, we see that our algorithm performs thousands of events for each rate calculation performed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. Aalto Univ, Lab Computat Engn, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-045, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM robert.rudd@llnl.gov RI Mason, Daniel/B-5236-2011 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 160 IS 2 BP 140 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.04.002 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 832VH UT WOS:000222295000004 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ AF De Chant, LJ TI An analytical solution for unconfined, unsteady, inviscid jets; with applications to penetration problem debris cloud formation SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE debris cloud formation; analytical model; Laplace transform; similarity solution ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; MODEL; CTH; PLATES AB Here we derive a closed form analytical solution for an unsteady inviscid jet using linearized, acceleration potential theory and classical analytical methods. Use is made of both the Laplace transformation and reduction to a self-similar form to solve the associated governing equations. The convolution theorem provides a closed form mapping from the transformed plane to the real plane. The streamwise diffusion term, e.g., Phi(chichi) is shown to be second order and is neglected. This analytical model is used to estimate the debris cloud geometry and velocity field as a function of location and time. Though formal solutions of the potential equation yield good results for debris cloud expansion near the initial impact point, x much less than 1, the debris cloud expansion front behavior is not recovered. The steady state eigenfunction expansion solution is used to extend the unsteady solution in an approximate manner. The extended solution retains physically correct expansion behavior for x much less than 1 but also provides a reasonable model near the debris cloud expansion front. Since debris cloud dynamics and witness plate impact are readily obtained from experimental observations, this model provides a simple, but useful supplement to conventional hydrocode simulation of impact and penetration phenomenon. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal & React Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal & React Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM ljdecha@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2003.05.009 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 855KM UT WOS:000223972100017 ER PT J AU Schultz, EE AF Schultz, EE TI Sarbanes-Oxley - a huge boon to information security in the US SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eeugeneschultz2@aol.com NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 353 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2004.05.004 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 841PD UT WOS:000222942200001 ER PT J AU Kloucek, P Reynolds, DR Seidman, TI AF Kloucek, P Reynolds, DR Seidman, TI TI Computational modeling of vibration damping in SMA wires SO CONTINUUM MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE thermodynamic control; active vibration damping; nonlinear partial differential equations; shape memory alloys ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; EQUATIONS; EXISTENCE; BEHAVIOR AB Through a mathematical and computational model of the physical behavior of shape memory alloy wires, this study shows that localized heating and cooling of such materials provide an effective means of damping vibrational energy. The thermally induced pseudo-elastic behavior of a shape memory wire is modeled using a continuum thermodynamic model and solved computationally as described by the authors in [23]. Computational experiments confirm that up to 80% of an initial shock of vibrational energy can be eliminated at the onset of a thermally-induced phase transformation through the use of spatially-distributed transformation regions along the length of a shape memory alloy wire. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Computat & Appl Math, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Kloucek, P (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Computat & Appl Math, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kloucek@rice.edu OI Reynolds, Daniel/0000-0002-0911-7841 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0935-1175 J9 CONTINUUM MECH THERM JI Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 495 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s00161-004-0176-2 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 836RQ UT WOS:000222573900007 ER PT J AU Frank, AJ Kopidakis, N van de Lagemaat, J AF Frank, AJ Kopidakis, N van de Lagemaat, J TI Electrons in nanostructured TiO2 solar cells: transport, recombination and photovoltaic properties SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Gratzel cell; dye sensitization; transport; recombination; photovoltaic properties ID NANOCRYSTALLINE TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; MODULATED PHOTOCURRENT SPECTROSCOPY; EXPONENTIAL BAND TAILS; NANOPOROUS TIO2; CHARGE RECOMBINATION; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; LIMITED RECOMBINATION; ELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON AB This review highlights several significant advancements in understanding of electron transport and recombination in dye-sensitized nanostructured TiO2 solar cells and the limitations that these processes impose on cell performance. The influences of the electrolyte composition, network morphology, defect structure, and light intensity on the electron transport dynamics are evaluated. Also assessed are evidences for and implications of the large, spatially distributed nanoparticle-electrolyte interfaces, trap-state distribution, band-edge movement, and the redox electrolyte on the recombination kinetics. The theoretical PV characteristics of a dye-sensitized solar cell are compared with those of the highest confirmed efficiency cells and the fundamental factors that limit their performance are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Frank, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO USA. EM afrank@nrel.gov RI Garcia-Sanchez, Almudena/B-3303-2009; van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015 NR 87 TC 594 Z9 607 U1 24 U2 362 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 248 IS 13-14 BP 1165 EP 1179 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.03.015 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 862ET UT WOS:000224473900002 ER PT J AU Gregg, BA AF Gregg, BA TI Interfacial processes in the dye-sensitized solar cell SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE dye-sensitized solar cell; mechanism; interface; chemical potential; recombination ID ELECTRIC-POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; NANOPOROUS TIO2; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES; CONVERSION; MECHANISM; KINETICS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY; PHOTOSENSITIZATION AB Interfacial energetics and kinetics are far more important in dye-sensitized solar cells than in conventional solar cells. The huge interfacial L area of the nanoporous semiconductor device, with electrolyte permeation throughout the bulk, results in a number of unusual physical characteristics. For example: dark currents can no longer be quantitatively compared to photocurrents; both equilibrium and photoinduced electric fields are rapidly screened throughout the bulk of the cell; the energetics for the crucial processes of electron injection, charge separation and charge recombination are not fixed but depend on a number of dynamic variables; and the open circuit photovoltage is controlled by the photoinduced interfacial chemical potential gradient instead of the built-in equilibrium potential difference. Surface states induced by UV illumination can enhance the photoconversion process in contrast to their detrimental role in conventional cells. Finally, recombination rates can be substantially decreased by modifying the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, rather than by optimizing bulk properties. These effects are described and explained. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM brian_gregg@nrel.gov RI Wei, Zhanhua/D-7544-2013 OI Wei, Zhanhua/0000-0003-2687-0293 NR 48 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 248 IS 13-14 BP 1215 EP 1224 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.02.009 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 862ET UT WOS:000224473900005 ER PT J AU Campbell, WM Burrell, AK Officer, DL Jolley, KW AF Campbell, WM Burrell, AK Officer, DL Jolley, KW TI Porphyrins as light harvesters in the dye-sensitised TiO2 solar cell SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE porphyrin; solar cell; titanium dioxide; TiO2; PEC; DSSC ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; POTENTIAL USE; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPHYLL DERIVATIVES; SPECTRAL SENSITIZATION; NANOPARTICULATE TIO2; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; METAL-COMPLEXES; BUILDING-BLOCK; PHOTOSENSITIZATION AB The sensitisation of TiO2 with a wide variety of inorganic and organic dyes for light harvesting has been investigated over the last 20 years for the development of efficient solar cells. Given their efficacy in photosynthesis, porphyrin dyes have great potential in this regard. A significant number of porphyrins have been evaluated in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs), but little is known about the structural and electronic features required for efficient porphyrin light harvesting on semiconductors (SCs). One of the most appealing aspects of the use of porphyrins as dyes is that a wide variety of large porphyrin arrays can now be synthesised. The attachment of such arrays (or light harvesting antennae) to SCs such as TiO2 provides the potential to dramatically increase the dye surface coverage of the SC, and therefore the dye-sensitised solar cell (DSSC) efficiency. There has been little work carried out in this area to date. Following the development of an efficient building block approach to functionalised porphyrin arrays, we have synthesised a variety of P-carboxylic substituted porphyrin monomers and multi-porphyrin arrays and evaluated their performance in the dye-sensitised TiO2 (Gratzel) solar cell. The effect of porphyrin substituent, functional group position, linker conjugation, binding group and electrolyte on the porphyrin light harvesting efficiency was investigated. It was found that a P-substituted monoporphyrin carboxylic acid derivative with a conjugated linker shows significant advantage over any antennae-type of multi-porphyrin arrays. In particular, of all the porphyrins evaluated, 4-trans-2'-(2"-(5", 10", 15",20"-tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc(II)yl)ethen-1'-yl)-1-benzoic acid gives an overall efficiency of 4.2% under AM 1.5 conditions in an unoptimised Gratzel cell, making it one of the most efficient porphyrin dye sensitisers synthesised to date. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey Univ, Mac Diarmid Inst Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CSIC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Officer, DL (reprint author), Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. EM d.officer@massey.ac.nz RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012 NR 49 TC 575 Z9 579 U1 43 U2 420 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 248 IS 13-14 BP 1363 EP 1379 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.01.007 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 862ET UT WOS:000224473900017 ER PT J AU Zeng, Z Natesan, K Grimsditch, M AF Zeng, Z Natesan, K Grimsditch, M TI Effect of oxide scale compositions on metal dusting corrosion of Fe-based alloys SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE iron-based alloys; metal dusting; oxide scale; phase composition; Raman spectra; spinet ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHITE; MICROPROCESSES; SCATTERING; MECHANISM; CRYSTALS; SPECTRA; STEELS AB Oxide scales on the surface of Fe-based alloys play an important role in prevention of metal dusting corrosion. Phase composition of oxide scales was studied by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and scanning microscopy. Chromium oxide (Cr2O3) and spinet phase were observed on the surface of alloys after exposure in metal dusting environments. Disordered chromium oxide may constitute a third constituent in some oxide scales. The metal dusting rate was low if the major phase of oxide scale was Cr2O3. The spinet phase could be reduced by carbon, thereby creating defects for metal dusting corrosion. High steam pressure stabilizes the spinet phase. In a gas With low P-H2O, magnetite (Fe3O4) on surface of Alloy T22 (UNS K21590) was reduced to cementite (Fe3C) and increased metal loss rate. The phase composition of the oxide scales was determined as a function of alloy composition, oxygen partial pressure, and pretreating conditions. Selecting appropriate alloy composition to minimize spinet phase on the surface of alloys can reduce metal dusting corrosion. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Natesan, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM natesan@anl.gov NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60 IS 7 BP 632 EP 642 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 837XP UT WOS:000222675000003 ER PT J AU Gerena-Lopez, Y Nolan, J Wang, L Gaigalas, A Schwartz, A Fernandez-Repollet, E AF Gerena-Lopez, Y Nolan, J Wang, L Gaigalas, A Schwartz, A Fernandez-Repollet, E TI Quantification of EGFP expression on molt-4 T cells using calibration standards SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Congress of the International-Society-for-Analytical-Cytology CY MAY 04-09, 2002 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Int Soc Analyt Cytol, DB Biosci, Huang Fdn, NCI, Tree Star Inc, Guava Technol Inc, So Biotechnol Assoc Inc, Spherotech Inc, John Wiley & Sons DE EGFP; molt-4 T cells; fluorescence quantification; MESF ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; MUTANT AB Background: Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is used extensively to assess gene expression on cells; however, quantification of this expression by flow cytometry has been limited by the unavailability of calibration standards. Thus, we characterized the response of an experimental set of EGFP calibration standards to environmental changes and then quantitate the expression of EGFP, in molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) units, of a transfected Molt-4 T cell line by How cytometry. Methods: Characterization of the EGFP standards: EGFP standards were equilibrated in suspension solutions having a pH range of 5.0-9.0, temperatures of 37-80degreesC, and osmolalities of 100-600 mOsm/kg. Quantification of EGFP on cells: For transfections, Molt-4 T cells were incubated with two different concentrations (0.2 mug and 0.4 mug) of pEGFP-N2 vector and the EGFP expression was quantified after 48 h by flow cytometry using the EGFP standards and by the cytometry technique using a standard curve of known EGFP solutions. Results: The fluorescence intensity of the EGFP standards increased from pH 5.0 to 9.0 and remained relatively constant from 37degreesC to 65degreesC, and from 100 to 600 mOsm/ kg. After transfection, the expression of the populations with high and low EGFP expression averaged 8,098 +/- 584 MESF and 3,808 +/- 375 MESF respectively. No significant differences were observed after comparing the MESF values obtained by flow cytometry and the values obtained by Cytofluor technique (high: 8,791 +/- 492 MESF; low: 4,082 +/- 398 MESF). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using calibration standards to quantify EGFP expression on cells. Our results emphasize the importance of monitoring the effects of environmental changes in the fluorescence intensity of both standards and samples when quantifying the expression of EGFP on living cells. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gerena-Lopez, Y (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Pharmacol, Lab A331, Med Sci Campus, Rio Piedras, PR 00935 USA. EM ygerena@rcm.upr.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12-RR-03051, RR-01315]; NIDDK NIH HHS [1F31-DK10188-02] NR 20 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60A IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20019 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 834IM UT WOS:000222404800003 PM 15229854 ER PT J AU Ferris, MM Habbersett, RC Wolinsky, M Jett, JH Yoshida, TM Keller, RA AF Ferris, MM Habbersett, RC Wolinsky, M Jett, JH Yoshida, TM Keller, RA TI Statistics of single-molecule measurements: Applications in flow-cytometry sizing of DNA fragments SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; single molecule; SMD; Monte Carlo; statistics; DNA ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTON STATISTICS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SIZE; MICRODROPLETS; TEMPERATURE; EXCITATION AB Background: The measurement of physical properties from single molecules has been demonstrated. However, the majority of single-molecule studies report values based on relatively large data sets (e.g., N > 50). While there are studies that report physical quantities based on small sample sets, there has not been a detailed statistical analysis relating sample size to the reliability of derived parameters. Methods: Monte Carlo simulations and multinomial analysis, dependent on quantifiable experimental parameters, were used to determine the minimum number of Single-molecule measurements required to produce an accurate estimate of a population mean. Simulation results were applied to the fluorescence-based sizing of DNA fragments by ultrasensitive flow cytometry (FCM). Results: Our simulations show, for an analytical technique with a 10% CV, that the average of as few as five single-molecule measurements would provide a mean value within one SD of the population mean. Additional simulations determined the number of measurements required to obtain the desired number of replicates for each subpopulation within a mixture. Application of these results to flow cytometry data for lambda/HindIII and S. aureus Mu50/SmaI DNA digests produced accurate DNA fingerprints from as few as 98 single-molecule measurements. Conclusions: A surprisingly small number of single-molecule measurements are required to obtain a mean measurement descriptive of a normally-distributed parent population. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keller, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM keller@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01315] NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD JUL PY 2004 VL 60A IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20000 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 834IM UT WOS:000222404800005 PM 15229856 ER PT J AU Mozumder, P Marathe, A AF Mozumder, P Marathe, A TI Gains from an integrated market for tradable renewable energy credits SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE renewable energy (RE); tradable renewable energy credit (TREC); renewable portfolio standard (RPS) ID GREEN CERTIFICATE MARKET; ELECTRICITY AB Decoupling the environmental attributes of renewable energy (RE) generation from the physical unit of energy is an innovative mechanism for marketing green or renewable power. The introduction of 'Tradable Renewable Energy Credits' (TRECs) allows the green power attributes of energy to be sold or traded separately from the physical unit of energy. Since the green power certificate system removes potential locational and physical bottlenecks, both suppliers and consumers gain flexibility in the marketplace. The TREC is also an efficient tool to meet 'Renewable Portfolio Standard' (RPS) required by different states in the US. This paper discusses the RPS requirements for different states and examines the implications of an integrated TREC market. It offers a competitive setting to the consumers to pay for renewable energy and a cost effective tool to support renewable energy generation [Grace and Wiser, 2002]. This paper also highlights some practical difficulties that should be addressed in order to establish an efficient integrated TREC market. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Econ, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Marathe, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci CCS-3,MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pallab@unm.edu; achla@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 3 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.01.016 PG 14 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 848VT UT WOS:000223496900002 ER PT J AU Brown, JH Gillooly, JF Allen, AP Savage, VM West, GB AF Brown, JH Gillooly, JF Allen, AP Savage, VM West, GB TI Toward a metabolic theory of ecology SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE allometry; biogeochemical cycles; body size; development; ecological interactions; ecological theory; metabolism; population growth; production; stoichiometry; temperature; trophic dynamics ID POPULATION-DENSITY; BODY-SIZE; GENERAL-MODEL; LIFE-HISTORY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMMON RULE; GROWTH-RATE; ENERGY-USE; FOOD WEBS; TEMPERATURE AB Metabolism provides a basis for using first principles of physics, chemistry, and biology to link the biology of individual organisms to the ecology of populations, communities, And ecosystems. Metabolic rate, the rate at which organisms take up, transform, and expend energy and materials, is the most fundamental biological rate. We have developed a quantitative theory for how metabolic rate varies with body size and temperature. Metabolic theory predicts how metabolic rate, by setting the rates of resource uptake from the environment and resource allocation to survival, growth, and reproduction, controls ecological processes at all levels of organization from individuals to the biosphere. Examples include: (1) life history attributes, including development rate, mortality rate, age at maturity, life span, and population growth rate; (2) population interactions, including carrying capacity, rates of competition and predation, and patterns of species diversity; and (3) ecosystem processes, including rates of biomass production and respiration and patterns of trophic dynamics. Data compiled from the ecological literature strongly support the theoretical predictions. Eventually, metabolic theory may provide a conceptual foundation for much of ecology, just as genetic theory provides a foundation for much of evolutionary biology. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jhbrown@unm.edu RI Allen, Andrew/B-8045-2011 OI Allen, Andrew/0000-0003-0304-7544 NR 109 TC 2250 Z9 2365 U1 116 U2 1279 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1771 EP 1789 DI 10.1890/03-9000 PG 19 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 843VA UT WOS:000223113500001 ER PT J AU Brown, JH Gillooly, JF Allen, AP Savage, VM West, GB AF Brown, JH Gillooly, JF Allen, AP Savage, VM West, GB TI Response to forum commentary on "toward a metabolic theory of ecology" SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENERAL-MODEL; ECOSYSTEMS C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Allen, Andrew/B-8045-2011 OI Allen, Andrew/0000-0003-0304-7544 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 52 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1818 EP 1821 DI 10.1890/03-0800 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 843VA UT WOS:000223113500013 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Staub, BP Baionno, JA Jackson, BP Roe, JH Ford, NB AF Hopkins, WA Staub, BP Baionno, JA Jackson, BP Roe, JH Ford, NB TI Trophic and maternal transfer of selenium in brown house snakes (Lamprophis fuliginosus) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE selenium; reptiles; snakes; trophic transfer; maternal transfer ID NERODIA-FASCIATA; ACCUMULATION; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; MALLARDS; SELENOMETHIONINE; BIOACCUMULATION; CONTAMINANTS; BIOCHEMISTRY; REPRODUCTION AB Excessive concentrations of dietary Se are toxic to oviparous vertebrates (i.e., fish and birds) but little is known about its accumulation and effects in reptiles. We exposed female brown house snakes, Lamprophis fuliginosus, to 10 and 20 mug/g Se by injecting seleno-D,L-methionine into their prey items and compared the snakes to individuals receiving background levels of similar to1 mug/g dietary Se. Snakes were fed meals equaling 25% of their body mass 2-3 times a month for 10 months. Snakes exposed to excessive Se accumulated significant concentrations of Se in kidney, liver, and ovarian tissue, but accumulation had no effect on female survival, food consumption, growth, or body condition. Fewer females exposed to excessive Se reproduced than females exposed to 1 mug/g Se (67% vs. 91%, respectively), but the reduction in reproductive activity was not statistically significant. Total reproductive output of females did not differ among the three dietary treatments. However, snakes exposed to 10 and 20 mug/g Se transferred significant concentrations of Se to their eggs. In the 20 mug/g treatment, maternal transfer resulted in Se concentrations in eggs that surpassed all suggested reproductive toxicity thresholds for birds and fish. Further studies are needed to more rigorously determine whether maternal transfer of Se in this snake species affects the viability of developing embryos or the health of offspring. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Tyler, TX 75799 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM hopkins@srel.edu NR 41 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/S0147-6513(03)00076-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 836ON UT WOS:000222565400001 PM 15223254 ER PT J AU Loo, RRO Yam, L Loo, JA Schumaker, VN AF Loo, RRO Yam, L Loo, JA Schumaker, VN TI Virtual two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of high-density lipoproteins SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE high-density lipoproteins; matrix-assisted laser desorption; ionization-mass spectrometry; virtual two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; IMMOBILIZED PH GRADIENT; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS; FATTY-ACID ACYLATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; YEAST PROTEOME; HUMAN-PLASMA; APOA-I; IDENTIFICATION AB High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography and separated by immobilized pH gradient-isoelectric focusing (IPG-IEF) were examined by mass spectrometry directly, applying a new proteomics technology, virtual two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. A preliminary examination of HDL particles has revealed at least 42 unique masses for protein species with isoelectric points between pH 5.47-5.04, some of which have not been observed previously. By delivering masses of intact proteins from complex cellular mixtures in a format that correlates directly to classical 2-D gel analyses, virtual 2-D gel electrophoresis constitutes a general discovery tool to expose and monitor protein isoforms and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, its general ability to deliver ions from sub-picomole level proteins enmeshed in complex cellular mixtures potentially fulfills the need of top-down proteomics to obtain intact protein ions from microscale samples. Additional comparison of such data to 2-D gel analyses and their identified proteins may elucidate the functions of the individual apolipoprotein components and the cardioprotective effects of HDL. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Lab Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Loo, RRO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 406 Paul D Boyer Hall-MBI,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM RLoo@mednet.ucla.edu NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2384 EP 2391 DI 10.1002/elps.200405955 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 842VX UT WOS:000223033600028 ER PT J AU Chowell, G Castillo-Chavez, C Fenimore, PW Kribs-Zaleta, CM Arriola, L Hyman, JM AF Chowell, G Castillo-Chavez, C Fenimore, PW Kribs-Zaleta, CM Arriola, L Hyman, JM TI Model parameters and outbreak control for SARS SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HONG-KONG; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; SENSITIVITY; UNCERTAINTY; EXAMPLE; AGENT AB Control of the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak was based on rapid diagnosis coupled with effective patient isolation. We used uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the basic reproductive number R-0 to assess the role that model parameters play in outbreak control. The transmission rate and isolation effectiveness have the largest fractional effect on R-0. We estimated the distribution of the reproductive number R-0 under perfect isolation conditions. The distribution lies in the interquartile range 0.19-1.08, with a median of 0.49. Even though the median of R-0 is <1, we found that 25% of our R-0 distribution lies at R-0 > 1, even with perfect isolation. This implies the need to simultaneously apply more than one method of control. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Chowell, G (reprint author), Cornell Univ, 432 Warren Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM gc82@cornell.edu RI Chowell, Gerardo/A-4397-2008; Chowell, Gerardo/F-5038-2012; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos/E-1412-2014; Kribs, Christopher/A-5431-2015; Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Chowell, Gerardo/0000-0003-2194-2251; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos/0000-0002-1046-3901; Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1258 EP 1263 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 835CF UT WOS:000222456800011 PM 15324546 ER PT J AU Oldenburg, CM Stevens, SH Benson, SM AF Oldenburg, CM Stevens, SH Benson, SM TI Economic feasibility of carbon sequestration with enhanced gas recovery (CSEGR) SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER AB Prior reservoir simulation and laboratory studies have suggested that injecting carbon dioxide into mature natural gas reservoirs for carbon sequestration with enhanced gas recovery (CSEGR) is technically feasible. Reservoir simulations show that the high density of carbon dioxide can be exploited to favor displacement of methane with limited gas mixing by injecting carbon dioxide in low regions of a reservoir while producing from higher regions in the reservoir. Economic sensitivity analysis of a prototypical CSEGR application at a large depleting gas field in California shows that the largest expense will be for carbon dioxide capture, purification, compression, and transport to the field. Other incremental costs for CSEGR include: (1) new or reconditioned wells for carbon dioxide injection, methane production, and monitoring; (2) carbon dioxide distribution within the field; and, (3) separation facilities to handle eventual carbon dioxide contamination of the methane. Economic feasibility is most sensitive to wellhead methane price, carbon dioxide supply costs, and the ratio of carbon dioxide injected to incremental methane produced. Our analysis suggests that CSEGR may be economically feasible at carbon dioxide supply costs of up to US$ 4-12/t (US$ 0.20-0.63/Mcf). Although this analysis is based on a particular gas field, the approach is general and can be applied to other gas fields. This economic analysis, along with reservoir simulation and laboratory studies that suggest the technical feasibility of CSEGR, demonstrates that CSEGR can be feasible and that a field pilot study of the process should be undertaken to test the concept further. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div 90 1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Adv Resources Int Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div 90 1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cmoldenburg@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 9 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1413 EP 1422 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.075 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 831DO UT WOS:000222173600019 ER PT J AU Pruess, K Garcia, J Kovscek, T Oldenburg, C Rutqvist, J Steefel, C Xu, TF AF Pruess, K Garcia, J Kovscek, T Oldenburg, C Rutqvist, J Steefel, C Xu, TF TI Code intercomparison builds confidence in numerical simulation models for geologic disposal Of CO2 SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURES; PRESSURES; GASES AB Numerical simulators were exercised on a suite of test problems for CO2 disposal in saline aquifers and depleting oil and gas reservoirs. Intercomparison of results reveals broad agreement in most areas, but also points out sensitivities to fluid properties and discretization approaches that need further study. Currently available simulation codes were shown capable of modeling the complex phenomena accompanying geologic storage of CO2 in a robust manner, and with quantitatively similar results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM k_pruess@lbl.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 18 TC 111 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1431 EP 1444 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.077 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 831DO UT WOS:000222173600021 ER PT J AU Edmonds, JA Clarke, J Dooley, J Kim, SH Smith, SJ AF Edmonds, JA Clarke, J Dooley, J Kim, SH Smith, SJ TI Modeling greenhouse gas energy technology responses to climate change SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER AB Models of the global energy system can help shed light on the competition and complementarities among technologies and energy systems both in the presence and absence of actions to affect the concentration of greenhouse gases. This paper explores the role of modeling in the analysis of technology deployment in addressing climate change. It examines the competition among technologies in a variety of markets, and explores conditions under which new markets, such as for hydrogen and carbon disposal, or modern commercial biomass, could emerge. Carbon capture and disposal technologies are shown to have the potential to play a central role in controlling the cost of stabilizing the concentration of greenhouse gases, the goal of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Edmonds, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jae@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1529 EP 1536 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.057 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 831DO UT WOS:000222173600030 ER PT J AU Dahowski, RT Dooley, JJ AF Dahowski, RT Dooley, JJ TI Carbon management strategies for US electricity generation capacity: A vintage-based approach SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER AB Utilities are under increasing pressure to reduce power plant CO2 emissions. If the US and world follow through on their long-term commitment to dramatically reduce emissions, this pressure will become significant over the coming decades. It is in the face of these concerns that the future of US fossil-fired power plants is examined. There are over 1337 operational fossil-fired power generating units of at least 100 MW in capacity that began operating between the early 1940s and today in the continental US. Together these units provide some 453 GW of electric power. Rapidly retiring this still valuable capital stock or undertaking large-scale immediate redevelopment with advanced power cycles as a means of addressing their greenhouse gas emissions will not be a sensible option for all of these units. Considering a conservative 40-year operating life, there are over 667 existing fossil-fired power plants, representing a capacity of over 291 GW, that have at least a decade's worth of productive life remaining. Applying Battelle's specialized analysis tools, relationships between these 667 plants and their technology type, location, emissions, and vintage have been explored. Based on these factors and the proximity of these plants to geologic reservoirs with potential for sequestering large volumes of CO2, the average costs for retrofitting these newer-vintage plants with capture technology and sequestering their CO2 into such reservoirs are presented. A discussion of a set of planned US fossil-fired power projects within the context of a carbon-constrained world is also included. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Joint Global Change Res Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Dahowski, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, POB 999,K6-10, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bob.dahowski@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1589 EP 1598 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.061 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 831DO UT WOS:000222173600036 ER PT J AU Marland, G Garten, CT Post, WM West, TO AF Marland, G Garten, CT Post, WM West, TO TI Studies on enhancing carbon sequestration in soils SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER ID ORGANIC-MATTER; AGRICULTURE; EMISSIONS; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB Studies of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in ecosystems are leading to an understanding of the factors and mechanisms that affect the inputs to and outputs from soils and how these might be manipulated to enhance C sequestration. Both the quantity and the quality of soil C inputs influence C storage and the potential for C sequestration. Changes in tillage intensity and crop rotations can also affect C sequestration by changing the soil physical and biological conditions and by changing the amounts and types of organic inputs to the soil. Analyses of changes in soil C and N balances are being supplemented with studies of the management practices needed to manage soil carbon and the implications for fossil-fuel use, emission of other greenhouse gases (such as N2O and CH4), and impacts on agricultural productivity. The Consortium for Research on Enhancing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems (CSiTE) was created in 1999 to perform fundamental research that will lead to methods to enhance C sequestration as one component of a C management strategy. Research to date at one member of this consortium, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has focused on C sequestration in soils and we begin here to draw together some of the results. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Marland, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gum@ornl.gov RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013 OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1643 EP 1650 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.066 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 831DO UT WOS:000222173600041 ER PT J AU Soong, Y Goodman, AL McCarthy-Jones, JR Baltrus, JP AF Soong, Y Goodman, AL McCarthy-Jones, JR Baltrus, JP TI Experimental and simulation studies on mineral trapping of CO2 with brine SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE brine; mineral trapping; carbonates ID GREENHOUSE GASES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRECIPITATION; DISPOSAL; KINETICS; CALCITE AB The reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with brine samples collected from the Oriskany Formation in Indiana County, PA, was investigated in an autoclave reactor under various conditions. A geochemical code, PHREEQC, was used as to simulate the reaction in the autoclave reactor. The combined experimental and modeling data suggests that pH (pH>9) plays a key role in the formation of carbonate minerals. The effects of temperature and CO2 pressure have a lesser impact on the formation of carbonate minerals. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Soong, Y (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM soong@netl.doe.gov NR 15 TC 60 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 45 IS 11-12 BP 1845 EP 1859 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2003.09.029 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 807WL UT WOS:000220531500018 ER PT J AU Sands, RD AF Sands, RD TI Dynamics of carbon abatement in the Second Generation Model SO ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE climate policy analysis; general equilibrium modeling AB The Second Generation Model (SGM) is a collection of computable-general-equilibrium models developed for analysis of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Behavior of the Second Generation Model, with respect to changes in carbon prices, can be summarized using marginal abatement cost curves. Marginal abatement costs vary over time, as capital stocks adjust to a new set of prices, and across countries, depending in part on the mix of fuels in the existing energy system. This paper documents the production structure in SGM, marginal abatement cost curves derived from SGM with constant-carbon-price experiments, an application to several Energy Modeling Forum scenarios, and a methodology for including carbon capture and disposal in SGM. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Sands, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Ronald.Sands@pnl.gov NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-9883 J9 ENERG ECON JI Energy Econ. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 26 IS 4 BP 721 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.eneco.2004.04.034 PG 18 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 859UV UT WOS:000224294300013 ER PT J AU Tanaka, R Sato, E Hunt, JE Winans, RE Sato, S Takanohashi, T AF Tanaka, R Sato, E Hunt, JE Winans, RE Sato, S Takanohashi, T TI Characterization of asphaltene aggregates using X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY OIL; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FLOCCULATION; BEHAVIOR; SOLVENTS AB X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were made on asphaltenes and vacuum residua (denoted by the prefixes As and VR, respectively) isolated from three different crude oils-Maya (MY), Khafji (KF), and Iranian Light (IL)-to characterize the petroleum asphaltene aggregates present under various conditions. In the XRD experiments, the samples were loaded on a small plate sample holder that was kept horizontal while measurements were made at 30, 150, and 300 degreesC. The layer distances between aromatic sheets of asphaltenes were similar to3.6 Angstrom, and the number of aromatic sheets in a stacked cluster decreased from eight to five as the temperature increased from 30 degreesC to 300 degreesC. The different crystallite parameters varied little between the three asphaltenes, although maltenes in the vacuum residua interacted with the asphaltenes and loosened their stacking by a small amount. In SAXS experiments, scattering patterns were obtained on the dry asphaltenes at room temperature in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere and the samples were then heated from 30 degreesC to 500 degreesC. The fractal aggregates of As-MY, As-KF, and As-IL broke down at 241, 179, and 243 degreesC, respectively. From these results, and earlier small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data, a hypothetical hierarchical model of asphaltene aggregation is proposed. C1 Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Sodegaura, Chiba 2990293, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Inst Energy Utilizat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. RP Tanaka, R (reprint author), Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, 1280 Kamiizumi, Sodegaura, Chiba 2990293, Japan. EM ryuzo.tanaka@si.idemitsu.co.jp NR 33 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1118 EP 1125 DI 10.1021/ef034082z PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 840YK UT WOS:000222896300027 ER PT J AU Goodman, AL Busch, A Duffy, GJ Fitzgerald, JE Gasem, KAM Gensterblum, Y Krooss, BM Levy, J Ozdemir, E Pan, Z Robinson, RL Schroeder, K Sudibandriyo, M White, CM AF Goodman, AL Busch, A Duffy, GJ Fitzgerald, JE Gasem, KAM Gensterblum, Y Krooss, BM Levy, J Ozdemir, E Pan, Z Robinson, RL Schroeder, K Sudibandriyo, M White, CM TI An inter-laboratory comparison of CO2 isotherms measured on argonne premium coal samples SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MOISTURE; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; METHANE AB Adsorption isotherms, which describe the coal's gas storage capacity, are important for estimating the carbon sequestration potential of coal seams. This study investigated the interlaboratory reproducibility of carbon dioxide isotherm measurements on dry Argonne Premium Coal Samples (Pocahontas No. 3, Upper Freeport, Illinois No. 6, Wyodak-Anderson, and Beulah Zap). Four independent laboratories provided isotherm data for the five coal samples at temperatures of either 22 degreesC or 55 degreesC and pressures up to 7 MPa. The differences among the data sets in this study appeared to be rank-dependent in that the data among the laboratories agreed better for high-rank coal samples than for low-rank coal samples. A number of parameters such as sample size, equilibration time, and apparatus dimensions were examined to explain the rank effect, but no trend could be found that explained the differences. The variations among the data are attributed to different procedures for removing moisture to obtain the "dried" coal. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Aachen, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Geol & Geochem Petr & Coal, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. CSIRO Energy Technol, Lucas Hts Sci & Technol Ctr, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia. RP Goodman, AL (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM angela.goodman@net1.doe.gov RI Pan, Zhejun/A-3157-2011; Krooss, Bernhard/L-3658-2013; Gasem, Khaled /D-4629-2013; Busch, Andreas/O-1911-2015; OI Busch, Andreas/0000-0002-3279-5202; Sudibandriyo, Mahmud/0000-0001-8084-9909; KROOSS, Bernhard/0000-0001-7289-1533 NR 22 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1182 DI 10.1021/ef034104h PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 840YK UT WOS:000222896300033 ER PT J AU Chouparova, E Lanzirotti, A Feng, H Jones, KW Marinkovic, N Whitson, C Philp, P AF Chouparova, E Lanzirotti, A Feng, H Jones, KW Marinkovic, N Whitson, C Philp, P TI Characterization of petroleum deposits formed in a producing well by synchrotron radiation-based microanalyses SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SEA CRUDE OILS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS; WAX PRECIPITATION; ASPHALTENES; DISSOLUTION; SOLUBILITY; ADHERENCE; SOLVENTS; VANADIUM; BITUMEN AB Tubing strings in producing oil wells are often blocked by solid or semisolid deposits that necessitate costly remedial actions to maintain production. We describe here results obtained by a set of synchrotron radiation-based microanalytical techniques to investigate depth profiles and heterogeneity of organic compounds and metals in a series of deposit samples formed at different depths in blocked tubing strings from an operational oil well. Micrometer-scale synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses using facilities at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory are presented. Visualization, compositional mapping, high-resolution, and nondestructive analysis of samples are some of the main advantages of applying synchrotron-based microanalytical techniques. The results indicate that the depth profile of deposits formed along the same well varies and is characterized by the following main trends from deeper to shallower samples: (1) amount of deposits increases, a complete tubing plugging occurs at shallower levels; (2) concentration of inorganic components decreases; (3) sulfur-containing compounds in the deposits shift relative abundances from predominantly reduced to predominantly oxidized forms; (4) carbon content and H/C atomic ratio increase, S/C and N/C atomic ratios decrease; (5) higher molecular weight (HMW) n-alkane mixtures (wax components) shift the maximum of their distribution from higher to lower molecular weight mixtures; (6) maximum concentrations of some elements (V, Ba, Ti, and Cr) are found in the deepest samples; (7) elements present in all samples along the depth profile are Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Br. Three different types of aggregates (10-60 mum) dominated by nonpolar, polar, and mixed polar/nonpolar compounds are identified in the same deposit. Predominantly nonpolar (Type I) aggregates contain long chain alkanes, aromatic compounds, and aliphatic thiols, consistent with the characteristics of "wax" type aggregates. The presence of carboxylic acids distributed irregularly toward the periphery of a FTIR mapped aggregate of this type is indicated. Predominantly polar (Type II) aggregates consist of aromatic structures, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen-containing compounds, some aliphatic structures, and water molecules possibly associated with salts. The characteristics of this type of aggregates are consistent with "asphaltene" type aggregates. This type of aggregate is found associated with inorganic (probably carbonate, clay, and/or corrosion) particles. Aggregates with mixed nonpolar/polar character are also observed, indicating possible adsorption of resins and asphaltenes by high molecular weight hydrocarbons. Depth profiles show heterogeneity in metal distribution, most likely reflecting systematic changes in proportions between the metal concentrations associated with the organic and inorganic phases in the deposits. Spatial heterogeneity in metals distribution is found on a scale of a hundred micrometers within the same sample. The study demonstrates the benefits of applying a set of complementary synchrotron-based microanalytical nondestructive methods for characterization of the deposits. The results demonstrate the suitability of the methods for studying organic solid aggregation and petroleum deposition problems, as well as the potential for testing and developing chemical and microbial methods for solid petroleum deposit remediation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Lab Earth & Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Petr Engn, Norman, OK 73017 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Geol & Geophys, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Lab Earth & Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jones@bnl.gov RI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 NR 66 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1199 EP 1212 DI 10.1021/ef030108a PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 840YK UT WOS:000222896300037 ER PT J AU Sathaye, J Murtishaw, S Price, L Lefranc, M Roy, J Winkler, H Spalding-Fecher, R AF Sathaye, J Murtishaw, S Price, L Lefranc, M Roy, J Winkler, H Spalding-Fecher, R TI Multiproject baselines for evaluation of electric power projects SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE multiproject baselines; electric power GHG mitigation projects; marginal emissions rates AB Calculating greenhouse gas emissions reductions from climate change mitigation projects requires construction of a baseline that sets emissions levels that would have occurred without the project. This paper describes a standardized multiproject methodology for setting baselines, represented by the emissions rate (kg C/kWh), for electric power projects. A standardized methodology would reduce the transaction costs of projects. The most challenging aspect of setting multiproject emissions rates is determining the vintage and types of plants to include in the baseline and the stringency of the emissions rates to be considered, in order to balance the desire to encourage no- or low-carbon projects while maintaining environmental integrity. The criteria for selecting power plants to include in the baseline depend on characteristics of both the project and the electricity grid it serves. Two case studies illustrate the application of these concepts to the electric power grids in eastern India and South Africa. We use hypothetical, but realistic, climate change projects in each country to illustrate the use of the multiproject methodology, and note the further research required to fully understand the implications of the various choices in constructing and using these baselines. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Off Atmospher Programs, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Jadavpur Univ, Dept Econ, Kolkata 700032, W Bengal, India. Univ Cape Town, Energy Dev & Res Ctr, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Sathaye, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, BLDG90R4000-1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jasathaye@lbl.gov; sgmurtishaw@lbl.gov OI Winkler, Harald/0000-0002-5826-4071 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 EI 1873-6777 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1303 EP 1317 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00098-3 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 810JR UT WOS:000220701100006 ER PT J AU Pebay, PP AF Pebay, PP TI Planar quadrilateral quality measures SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Meshing Roundtable Meeting CY SEP 16-18, 2002 CL Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY HO Cornell Univ DE mesh quality; quadrilateral; quadrilateral meshing AB This article examines the quality assessment of planar quadrilateral mesh elements in a comprehensive way. First, an analytic characterization of quadrangular shape is provided, and existing concepts of stretching and skewness, earlier proposed for specific geometries, are generalized. Then, two triangle quality measures are extended to quadrilaterals and their respective extremal and asymptotic behaviors examined, showing in particular that even if needed they cannot detect the triangular degeneracy of a quadrilateral. An existing quality measure is then discussed, which is able to handle this case. In particular, an unbalanced asymptotic behavior is demonstrated, justifying the need for a new approach. Toward this goal, the triangle quality measure based on Frobenius norm is modified in order to replace equilateral reference element by right isosceles triangles, with control on the specific right angle. Finally, two new quadrilateral quality measures are designed and examined using these results. Numerical results illustrate the matter. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pebay, PP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9051,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pppebay@ca.sandia.gov OI Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT-GERMANY JI Eng. Comput. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 20 IS 2 BP 157 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s00366-004-0280-8 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 840NF UT WOS:000222865100006 ER PT J AU Criss, RE Davisson, ML AF Criss, RE Davisson, ML TI Fertilizers, water quality, and human health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANCER MORTALITY; DRINKING-WATER; NITRATE; ISOTOPE; RIVER C1 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Criss, RE (reprint author), Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM criss@wustl.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 112 IS 10 BP A536 EP A536 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 835KR UT WOS:000222482300001 PM 15238290 ER PT J AU Coleman, MD Isebrands, JG Tolsted, DN Tolbert, VR AF Coleman, Mark D. Isebrands, J. G. Tolsted, David N. Tolbert, Virginia R. TI Comparing soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations with agricultural crops and woodlots in North Central United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; hybrid poplar; switchgrass; soil bulk density; bioenergy; climate change ID SEQUESTRATION; DIOXIDE; FORESTS; BIOENERGY; DYNAMICS; OPTIONS; SYSTEMS; HYBRID; CLONES; TREES AB We collected soil samples from 27 study sites across North Central United States to compare the soil carbon of short rotation poplar plantations to adjacent agricultural crops and woodlots. Soil organic carbon (SOC) ranged from 20 to more than 160 Mg/ha across the sampled sites. Lowest SOC levels were found in uplands and highest levels in riparian soils. We attributed differences in bulk density and SOC among cover types to the inclusion of woodlot soils in the analysis. Paired comparison found few differences between poplar and agricultural crops. Sites with significant comparisons varied in magnitude and direction. Relatively greater SOC was often observed in poplar when native soil carbon was low, but there were important exceptions. Woodlots consistently contained greater SOC than the other crops, especially at depth. We observed little difference between paired poplar and switchgrass, both promising bioenergy crops. There was no evidence of changes in poplar SOC relative to adjacent agricultural soils when considered for stand ages up to 12 years. Highly variable native SOC levels and subtle changes over time make verification of soil carbon sequestration among land cover types difficult. In addition to soil carbon storage potential, it is therefore important to consider opportunities offered by long-term sequestration of carbon in solid wood products and carbon-offset through production of bioenergy crops. Furthermore, short rotation poplars and switchgrass offer additional carbon sequestration and other environmental benefits such as soil erosion control, runoff abatement, and wildlife habitat improvement. C1 [Coleman, Mark D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Savannah River So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. [Isebrands, J. G.] Environm Forestry Consultants LLC, New London, WI 54961 USA. [Tolsted, David N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Tolbert, Virginia R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Savannah River So Res Stn, POB 700, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM mcoleman01@fs.fed.us RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S299 EP S308 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9139-9 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700027 ER PT J AU Palumbo, AV Fisher, LS Martin, MZ Yang, ZK Tarver, JR Wullschleger, SD Daniels, WL AF Palumbo, Anthony V. Fisher, L. Suzanne Martin, Madhavi Z. Yang, Zamin K. Tarver, Jana R. Wullschleger, Stan D. Daniels, W. Lee TI Application of emerging tools and techniques for measuring carbon and microbial communities in reclaimed mine soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE TRFLP; reclaimed mine soils; carbon sequestration; laser-induced reakdown spectroscopy; fungal diversity ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; LAND RECLAMATION; FLY-ASH; DIVERSITY; SEQUESTRATION; CROPLAND; STORAGE; POLYMORPHISMS; DEGRADATION AB As part of a study of the potential for carbon sequestration in degraded mine lands, we examined the carbon content of reclaimed mine soils treated with soil amendments (e. g., fly ash and biosolids) using two emerging techniques; terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (TRFLP) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Both of these techniques have potential use for measuring aspects of carbon content and its role in the soil ecosystem. To better understand the relationship between the microbial community and the amount of carbon within mine soils, we examined the diversity among fungal communities in soils with different carbon content using TRFLP. TRFLP was run on 18S rDNA from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using primers specific for fungi. Results from the TRFLP were compared to sequencing of 18S clones. The diversity based on sequence analysis was much higher than that indicated by the TRFLP-based analysis. Rarefaction analysis of the data indicated that the total diversity was even higher than we were able to measure with both levels of effort; however, it was clear that we effectively sampled the dominant populations. The LIBS technique displayed a strong linear relationship when compared to conventional techniques (LECO and Walkley-Black) of measuring carbon in soils. In addition, discrepancies were noted between the two conventional techniques for soils with high carbon content. C1 [Palumbo, Anthony V.; Fisher, L. Suzanne; Martin, Madhavi Z.; Yang, Zamin K.; Tarver, Jana R.; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. [Daniels, W. Lee] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Palumbo, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Martin, Madhavi/A-5268-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Phillips, Jana/G-4755-2016 OI Martin, Madhavi/0000-0002-6677-2180; Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Phillips, Jana/0000-0001-9319-2336 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S518 EP S527 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-9159-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V45UH UT WOS:000203094700047 ER PT J AU Mendell, M Lei, QH Tsai, F Cozen, M Macher, J Shendell, D AF Mendell, M Lei, QH Tsai, F Cozen, M Macher, J Shendell, D TI Association of airborne moisture-indicating microorganisms with building-related symptoms in 100 US office buildings SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology CY AUG 01-04, 2004 CL New York, NY SP NYU Sch Med, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP S165 EP S166 DI 10.1097/00001648-200407000-00438 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 834GO UT WOS:000222399800437 ER PT J AU Perajarvi, K Cerny, J Fraile, LM Jokinen, A Kankainen, A Koster, U Aysto, J AF Perajarvi, K Cerny, J Fraile, LM Jokinen, A Kankainen, A Koster, U Aysto, J TI The beta-decay scheme of Fr-232 and the K=0 ground-state band in Ra-232 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Letter ID ISOLDE; ISOTOPES; TARGETS AB The beta-decay of Fr-232 to excited states in Ra-232 has been studied using gamma-gamma coincidence detection combined with the isotope separator on-line technique at the ISOLDE PSB facility at CERN. Earlier findings are confirmed and three new gamma lines are reported. In addition to the beta-decay characteristics of Fr-232, the K = 0 ground-state band in Ra-232 is identified. A yield survey of neutron-rich Fr isotopes, important also for the EURISOL project, is incorporated. C1 CERN, ISOLDE, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Perajarvi, K (reprint author), CERN, ISOLDE, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM KPerajarvi@lbl.gov RI Fraile, Luis/B-8668-2011; Kankainen, Anu/K-3448-2014; Jokinen, Ari/C-2477-2017 OI Fraile, Luis/0000-0002-6281-3635; Kankainen, Anu/0000-0003-1082-7602; Jokinen, Ari/0000-0002-0451-125X NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUL PY 2004 VL 21 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1140/epja/i2004-10038-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 842RB UT WOS:000223020600002 ER PT J AU Ostapenko, S Romero, M AF Ostapenko, S Romero, M TI Defect mapping in full-size multi-crystalline Si wafers SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP 10) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL Batz sur Mer, FRANCE ID SCANNING PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; MULTICRYSTALLINE SILICON AB Application of scanning techniques is strongly required for in-line/off-line diagnostics of semiconductors with spatial inhomogeneity of electronic properties due to uneven defect distribution. The defect mapping allows performing an initial screening and follow-up local analyses in large-scale materials and devices for electronic applications. This approach is illustrated on multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers for solar cells. Four different mapping techniques were applied concurrently to full-size as-grown and processed mc-Si. They include the mapping of (1) minority carrier lifetime, (2) room-temperature photoluminescence, (3) dislocation density, and (4) temperature dependent EBIC and cathodoluminescence. Analyses revealed a clear correlation between the "defect" PL band intensity with the maximum at about 0.8 eV and concentration of the dislocations contaminated by impurities and defects. The 0.8 eV band has a distinctive location at wafer areas with reduced minority carrier lifetime, i.e. regions with enhanced recombination activity of defects. It is demonstrated that the concentration of the 0.8 eV defects has analytical relation to the concentration of non-radiative defects in dislocated regions. The model of these defects is discussed. C1 Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Ostapenko, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM Ostapenk@eng.usf.edu NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-0042 J9 EUR PHYS J-APPL PHYS JI Eur. Phys. J.-Appl. Phys PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1051/epjap:2004042 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863KC UT WOS:000224559500009 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, RK Dashdorj, J AF Ahrenkiel, RK Dashdorj, J TI Interface recombination velocity measurement by a contactless microwave technique SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP 10) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2003 CL Batz sur Mer, FRANCE ID CARRIER LIFETIME; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The interface or surface recombination velocity is a critical and important parameter in many device applications. In this work. we have developed and applied a contactless microwave technique, which in combination with a continuously tunable pulsed light source, is able to probe the excess carrier lifetime in the surface and bulk regions of a semiconductor wafer. The technique is called resonant coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD) and has been described by the authors in the literature. For strongly absorbed light, the initial (t=0) decay time is a strong function of the absorption coefficient, a, as well as the bulk lifetime. The effective bulk lifetime is a well-known function of the two surfaces (interfaces) and the true bulk lifetime. The effective bulk lifetime is measured by rising very weakly absorbed light, or by measuring the asymptotic decay rate of strongly absorbed light. The latter occurs after diffusion has produced a quasi-equilibrium condition in the wafer. For asymmetric surfaces (such as a wafer polished oil one surface only), the measurement with strongly absorbed light is made at both wafer surfaces. We have solved simultaneuously three nonlinear equations, and the solutions provide values for the three unknowns S-1, S-2 and tau(bulk). Several examples of the technique will be demonstrated for silicon wafers. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM richard_ahrenkiel@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-0042 J9 EUR PHYS J-APPL PHYS JI Eur. Phys. J.-Appl. Phys PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 499 EP 501 DI 10.1051/epjap:2004071 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863KC UT WOS:000224559500111 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hillert, S Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Polini, A Raval, A Rurua, L Schneekloth, U Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, O Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Walsh, R Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, A Heusch, C Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hillert, S Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Polini, A Raval, A Rurua, L Schneekloth, U Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, N Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Lupi, A Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, O Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Walsh, R Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, A Heusch, C Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI The dependence of dijet production on photon virtuality in ep collisions at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID TO-LEADING ORDER; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; GAMMA-P INTERACTIONS; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON SCATTERING; HADRON-COLLISIONS; EVENT GENERATOR AB The dependence of dijet production on the virtuality of the exchanged photon, Q(2), has been studied by measuring dijet cross sections in the range 0 less than or similar to Q(2) < 2000 GeV2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb(-1). Dijet cross sections were measured for jets with transverse energy E-T(jet) > 7.5 and 6.5 GeV and pseudorapidities in the photon-proton centre-of-mass frame in the range -3 < eta(jet) < 0. The variable x(gamma)(obs), a measure of the photon momentum entering the hard process, was used to enhance the sensitivity of the measurement to the photon structure. The Q(2) dependence of the ratio of low- to high-x(gamma)(obs) events was measured. Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions were found to generally underestimate the low-x(gamma)(obs) contribution relative to that at high x(gamma)(obs). Monte Carlo models based on leading-logarithmic parton-showers, using a partonic structure for the photon which falls smoothly with increasing Q(2), provide a qualitative description of the data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Karlovassi, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Phys Expt, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337 NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35 IS 4 BP 487 EP 500 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2004-01885-2 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 834CQ UT WOS:000222389600003 ER PT J AU Appel, JA AF Appel, J. A. TI LHC Symposium 2003: Summary talk SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB This summary talk reviews the LHC 2003 Symposium, focusing on expectations as we prepare to leap over the current energy frontier into new territory. We may learn from what happened in the two most recent examples of leaping into new energy territory. Quite different scenarios appeared in those two cases. In addition, we review the status of the machine and experiments as reported at the Symposium. Finally, I suggest an attitude which may be most appropriate as we look forward to the opportunities anticipated for the first data from the LHC. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Appel, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM appel@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 34 SU 1 BP S451 EP S453 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-050-6 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11XA UT WOS:000207563100048 ER PT J AU Elvira, VD AF Elvira, V. Daniel CA CMS Collaboration TI CMS: Hadronic calorimetry, jets, and E(T) performance SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The CMS experiment [1] uses a general purpose detector designed for detecting the diverse signatures associated with Higgs production and new physics beyond the Standard Model. These processes are typically associated with final states containing a large missing transverse energy and several high energy jets. Here, we present a description and status report of the construction and testing of the CMS hadronic calorimeter system, as well as its ability to measure jets and E(T). C1 [Elvira, V. Daniel; CMS Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60555 USA. RP Elvira, VD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60555 USA. EM daniel@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 34 SU 1 BP S99 EP S108 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-04-011-1 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11XA UT WOS:000207563100012 ER PT J AU Takai, H AF Takai, H. TI Heavy ion physics with the ATLAS detector SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB Recent results from RHIC experiments suggest that a hot and dense QCD matter, which maybe the quark gluon plasma (QGP), is formed in Gold+Gold collisions at a center mass energy of 200 GeV per colliding nucleon pair. The LHC is planning to accelerate heavy nuclei such as Lead at energies of 2.75 TeV/nucleon. At these energies it will be possible to produce a even higher temperature QCD matter. In addition, hard scattering cross sections will increase significantly and they could be used as probes of the QCD matter. RHIC experiments suggest that hard scattered quarks inside the QGP radiate gluons and therefore modify the jet properties such as energy angular distribution. The ATLAS detector with its large acceptance is ideally suited to detect and study jets from nucleus-nucleus collisions. Initial simulation studies show most of the ATLAS detector will perform well in a high multiplicity environment, including inner detector tracking. Jet reconstruction is possible with an energy resolution close to the high luminosity proton-proton run. In this paper we present a summary of our initial round of simulations studies of the ATLAS detector in the heavy ion environment. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takai, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM takai@bnl.gov RI Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012 OI Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307 FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has been performed within the ATLAS Collaboration, and we thank collaboration members for helpful discussions. We have made use of the physics analysis framework and tools which are the result of collaboration-wide efforts. This work was supported in part under DOE Contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886 NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 34 SU 1 BP S307 EP S315 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-04-029-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11XA UT WOS:000207563100030 ER PT J AU Veramendi, GF AF Veramendi, Gregory F. CA CDF Collaboration TI Recent results in high p(T) physics from CDF SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We present the most recent high p T results from the CDF experiment using p (p) over bar collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV produced at the Tevatron Collider at Fermilab. We will summarize results in electroweak physics, top physics and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. Many of the measurements of important signals like W boson, Z boson, and the top quark have been reestablished. Taking advantage of the increase in energy and detector upgrades, these measurements are already beginning to be competitive with previous results. C1 [Veramendi, Gregory F.; CDF Collaboration] UC Berkeley LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Veramendi, GF (reprint author), UC Berkeley LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. EM mendi@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KoSEF); Korea Research Foundation; Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain FX I would like to thank my CDF collaborators for their help in preparing this document. We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Germany; and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KoSEF); the Korea Research Foundation; and the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 34 SU 1 BP S209 EP S220 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-04-021-y PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11XA UT WOS:000207563100022 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S AF Chekanov, S. CA H1 Collaboration ZEUS Collaboration TI Open charm production in DIS at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB An overview of recent HERA results on inclusive production of D*(+/-) mesons in deep inelastic scattering is given. C1 [Chekanov, S.; H1 Collaboration; ZEUS Collaboration] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S488 EP S490 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-438-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000115 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Jackson, CB Orr, LH Reina, L Wackeroth, D AF Dawson, S. Jackson, C. B. Orr, L. H. Reina, L. Wackeroth, D. TI Theoretical progress for the associated production of a Higgs boson with heavy quarks at hadron colliders SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The production of a Higgs boson in association with a pair of t (t) over bar or b (b) over bar quarks plays a very important role at both the Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider. The theoretical prediction of the corresponding cross sections has been improved by including the complete next-to-leading order QCD corrections. After a brief introduction, we review the results obtained for both the Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider. C1 [Dawson, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jackson, C. B.; Reina, L.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Orr, L. H.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Wackeroth, D.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S451 EP S453 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-425-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000103 ER PT J AU Giagu, S AF Giagu, Stefano CA Behalf CDF Collaboration TI Results on CP violation from CDF SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The CDF experiment at the Tevatron collider is collecting a large sample of fully hadronic decays of Bottom and Charm mesons. First CP Violation measurements have been performed using the initial data, achieving results which clearly state the CDF ability in extracting significant CKM information from p (p) over bar collisions. The first results on direct CP asymmetries on Charm and Bottom decays and future plans from the CDF experiment are discussed in this paper. C1 [Giagu, Stefano] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. RP Giagu, S (reprint author), CDF Expt, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S352 EP S354 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1638-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000070 ER PT J AU Hurth, T Porod, W AF Hurth, T. Porod, W. TI Non-diagonal flavour observables in B and collider physics SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB Until now the focus within the direct search for supersymmetry has mainly been on flavour diagonal observables. Recently lepton flavour violating signals at future electron positron colliders have been studied. There is now an opportunity to analyse the relations between collider observables and low-energy observables in the hadronic sector. In a first work in this direction, we study flavour violation in the squark decays of the second and third generations taking into account results from B physics, in particular from the rare decay b -> s gamma. Correlations between various squark decay modes can be used to get more precise information on various flavour violating parameters. C1 [Hurth, T.] CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Hurth, T.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Porod, W.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Hurth, T (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S764 EP S766 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-818-4 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000204 ER PT J AU Hurth, T Lunghi, E Porod, W AF Hurth, T. Lunghi, E. Porod, W. TI Updated NLL results for (B)over-bar -> Xs,d gamma in and beyond the SM SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We present general model- independent formulae for the branching ratios and the direct tagged CP asymmetries for the inclusive (B) over bar -> X(d) gamma and (B) over bar -> X(s) gamma modes. We also update the corresponding SM predictions. C1 [Hurth, T.] CERN, Div Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Hurth, T.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Lunghi, E.; Porod, W.] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Hurth, T (reprint author), CERN, Div Theoret Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S382 EP S384 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-318-7 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000080 ER PT J AU Jager, S Nierste, U AF Jaeger, Sebastian Nierste, Ulrich TI B-s-(B)over-bar(s) mixing in an SO(10) SUSY GUT model SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We perform a renormalisation group analysis of the SO(10) model proposed by Chang, Masiero and Murayama, which links the large atmospheric neutrino mixing angle to loop-induced transitions between right-handed b and s quarks. We compute the impact on B-s - (B) over bar (s) mixing and find that the mass difference in the Bs system can exceed its Standard Model value by a factor of 16. C1 [Jaeger, Sebastian] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys E, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Jaeger, Sebastian] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept T31, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Nierste, Ulrich] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jager, S (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Theoret Phys E, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S256 EP S258 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1581-y PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000039 ER PT J AU Jordre, JI Arsene, I Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Germinario, M Hagel, K Hansen, O Holm, A Ito, H Jipa, A Jundt, F Jordre, JI Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lindal, S Lystad, R Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A McBreen, B Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Neumann, B Nielsen, BS Norris, J Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Ristea, C Ristea, O Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, SJ Scheetz, RA Staszel, P Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Yin, Z Zgura, IS AF Jordre, Jens Ivar Arsene, I. Bearden, I. G. Beavis, D. Besliu, C. Budick, B. Boggild, H. Chasman, C. Christensen, C. H. Christiansen, P. Cibor, J. Debbe, R. Enger, E. Gaardhoje, J. J. Germinario, M. Hagel, K. Hansen, O. Holm, A. Ito, H. Jipa, A. Jundt, F. Jordre, J. I. Jorgensen, C. E. Karabowicz, R. Kim, E. J. Kozik, T. Larsen, T. M. Lee, J. H. Lee, Y. K. Lindal, S. Lystad, R. Lovhoiden, G. Majka, Z. Makeev, A. McBreen, B. Mikelsen, M. Murray, M. Natowitz, J. Neumann, B. Nielsen, B. S. Norris, J. Ouerdane, D. Planeta, R. Rami, F. Ristea, C. Ristea, O. Rohrich, D. Samset, B. H. Sandberg, D. Sanders, S. J. Scheetz, R. A. Staszel, P. Tveter, T. S. Videbaek, F. Wada, R. Yin, Z. Zgura, I. S. CA BRAHMS Collaboration TI Strangeness production in root sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The BRAHMS collaboration has measured identified particle spectra from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. Rapidity densities are deduced from fits to the pion and kaon spectra. dN/dy is plotted as a function of rapidity and 4 pi yields and ratios are calculated. The signed K/pi ratios are compared to values obtained at lower energies. We find that K-/pi(-) increases monotonically from the AGS and SPS regimes, while K+/pi(+) is similar to what was found at the highest root s(NN) at SPS. C1 [Jordre, Jens Ivar; Jordre, J. I.; Lystad, R.; Rohrich, D.; Yin, Z.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. [Beavis, D.; Chasman, C.; Debbe, R.; Ito, H.; Kim, E. J.; Lee, J. H.; McBreen, B.; Scheetz, R. A.; Videbaek, F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jundt, F.; Rami, F.] Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. [Cibor, J.] Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Karabowicz, R.; Kozik, T.; Majka, Z.; Planeta, R.; Staszel, P.] Jagiellonian Univ, Smoluchkowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Lee, Y. K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Budick, B.] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Bearden, I. G.; Boggild, H.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Gaardhoje, J. J.; Germinario, M.; Hansen, O.; Holm, A.; Jorgensen, C. E.; Nielsen, B. S.; Ouerdane, D.; Sandberg, D.; Staszel, P.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hagel, K.; Makeev, A.; Murray, M.; Natowitz, J.; Wada, R.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Arsene, I.; Besliu, C.; Jipa, A.; Ristea, C.; Ristea, O.; Zgura, I. S.] Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. [Ito, H.; Murray, M.; Neumann, B.; Norris, J.; Sanders, S. J.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Enger, E.; Larsen, T. M.; Lindal, S.; Lovhoiden, G.; Mikelsen, M.; Samset, B. H.; Tveter, T. S.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Jordre, JI (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. RI Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010 OI Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S624 EP S626 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1706-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000159 ER PT J AU Kidonakis, N Vogt, R AF Kidonakis, Nikolaos Vogt, Ramona TI Top quark production at the Tevatron at NNLO SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We present results for top quark production at the Tevatron including next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) soft-gluon corrections. We show the stability of the cross section with respect to kinematics choice and scale when the NNLO corrections are taken into account. C1 [Kidonakis, Nikolaos] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Vogt, Ramona] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vogt, Ramona] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kidonakis, N (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S466 EP S468 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-430-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000108 ER PT J AU Langenegger, U AF Langenegger, Urs TI Inclusive semileptonic B decays at BABAR SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We report updates on two analyses of inclusive semileptonic B decays based on a dataset of 89 million B (B) over bar events recorded with the BABAR detector at the (sic)(4S) resonance. Events are selected by fully reconstructing the decay of one B meson and identifying a charged lepton from the decay of the other (B) over bar meson. In the first analysis, the measurement of the first and second moment of the hadronic mass distribution in Cabibbo-favored (B) over bar -> X(c)l (nu) over bar. decays allows for the determination of the nonperturbative parameters (Lambda) over bar and lambda(1) of Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET) and vertical bar V(cb)vertical bar. In the second analysis, the hadronic mass distribution is used to measure the inclusive charmless semileptonic branching fraction and to determine vertical bar V(ub)vertical bar. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Langenegger, U (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S207 EP S209 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-107-4 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000023 ER PT J AU Lesko, KT AF Lesko, K. T. TI Neutrino experiments SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB This review examines a wide variety of experiments investigating neutrino interactions and neutrino properties from a variety of neutrino sources. We have witnessed remarkable progress in the past two years in settling long standing problems in neutrino physics and uncovering the first evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model in nearly 30 years. This manuscript briefly reviews this recent progress in the field of neutrino physics and highlights several significant experimental arenas and topics for the coming decade of particular interest. These highlighted experiments include the precision determination of oscillation parameters including theta(13), theta(12), Delta m(12)(2) and Delta m(23)(2) as well as a number of fundamental properties are likely to be probed included nature of the neutrino (Majorana versus Dirac), the number of neutrino families and the neutrino's absolute mass. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lesko, KT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S43 EP S50 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1693-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000005 ER PT J AU Llanes-Estrada, FJ Cotanch, SR Szczepaniak, AP Swanson, ES AF Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J. Cotanch, Stephen R. Szczepaniak, Adam P. Swanson, Eric S. TI Chiral symmetry and hyperfine q(q)over-bar splittings SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We review theoretical calculations for the pseudoscalar-vector meson hyperfine splitting with no open flavor and also report a many body field theoretical effort to assess the impact of chiral symmetry in the choice of effective potentials for relativistic quark models. Our calculations predict the missing eta(b) meson to have mass near 9400 MeV. C1 [Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J.] Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Teor 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Cotanch, Stephen R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Szczepaniak, Adam P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Szczepaniak, Adam P.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Nucl Theory, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Swanson, Eric S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Swanson, Eric S.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Llanes-Estrada, FJ (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Theoret Phys, Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RI Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J./C-1438-2017 OI Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J./0000-0002-2565-4516 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S521 EP S523 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-510-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000126 ER PT J AU Merkel, P AF Merkel, Petra CA CDF Collaboration TI Searches for physics beyond the Standard Model in t(t)over-bar events SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The top quark is currently only observed at the Tevatron, where it is mainly produced in t (t) over bar pairs. Due to the very high mass of the top quark compared to the other quarks and the gauge bosons, it is expected to play a special role in electroweak symmetry breaking. Therefore it might be especially sensitive to new physics. Measurements of various production and decay quantities of the top quark could lead to discoveries of physics beyond the standard model. Several such measurements were performed by the CDF collaboration during Run1 of the Tevatron. These measurements and first results from CDF in Run2 are presented. C1 [Merkel, Petra; CDF Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Merkel, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 318, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM petra@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S782 EP S784 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-824-6 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000210 ER PT J AU Mioduszewski, S AF Mioduszewski, Saskia TI Relativistic heavy ion physics: An experimental review SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; AU COLLISIONS; PSEUDORAPIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS; PAIR PRODUCTION; ELLIPTIC FLOW; CERN SPS; MULTIPLICITY; MATTER AB A review of relativistic heavy ion physics is given, with emphasis on selected interesting results. The charged particle multiplicity is compared from measurements at the AGS, SPS, and RHIC. Collective motion due to a build-up of pressure is discussed, with implications on estimates of the energy density of the produced medium. The suppression of J/psi and the enhancement of low-mass dileptons observed in experiments at the SPS are highlighted. The high p(T) phenomena at RHIC are discussed in some detail. The suppression of high p(T) hadrons in central Au+Au collisions is shown, as well as the absence of such a suppression in d+Au collisions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mioduszewski, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S107 EP S113 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1665-y PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000010 ER PT J AU Muller, D AF Muller, David CA SLD Collaboration BABAR Collaboration TI Identified hadron production at SLD and BABAR SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We present measurements of identified hadron spectra in e(+)e(-) -> hadrons from the BABAR and SLD experiments at respective c.m. energies of 10.54 GeV and 91.2 GeV. The scaling violations between the two energies are found to be large and described by hadronization models for charged pions, but not for heavier hadrons. SLD measurements show large differences between b (b) over bar, c (c) over bar and light-flavor events that are qualitatively consistent with expectations. The light flavor events are somewhat more consistent with the predictions of MLLA QCD than are events of all flavors, but a discrepancy in the mass dependence remains. SLD have made several new and/or improved measurements of light leading particle production, paving the way for future tagging of u, d and s jets. They have also made a unique study of signed rapidity correlations, showing direct evidence for charge ordering of protons along the quark-antiquark axis. C1 [Muller, David; SLD Collaboration; BABAR Collaboration] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Muller, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S572 EP S574 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1686-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000143 ER PT J AU Nevski, P AF Nevski, Pavel CA ATLAS Collaboration TI Heavy ion collisions with the ATLAS detector SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The ATLAS detector is designed to study high-p(T) physics in proton-proton collisions at the LHC design luminosity. The detector capabilities for heavy-ion physics are now being evaluated. This paper reports on a preliminary assessment of the baseline ATLAS detector potential for heavy-ion physics. The ATLAS sensitivity to some of the expected signatures from the quark-gluon plasma (e.g. jet quenching,. suppression) is discussed. C1 [Nevski, Pavel; ATLAS Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Nevski, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RI Nevski, Pavel/M-6292-2015 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S612 EP S614 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1703-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000155 ER PT J AU Nouicer, R Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Becker, B Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Harrington, AS Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lee, JW Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sedykh, I Skulski, W Smith, CE Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Veres, GI Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyslouch, B Zhang, J AF Nouicer, Rachid Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Becker, B. Betts, R. R. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Gushue, S. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Harrington, A. S. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Khan, N. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Lee, J. W. Lin, W. T. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Park, I. C. Pernegger, H. Reed, C. Roland, C. Roland, G. Sagerer, J. Sarin, P. Sedykh, I. Skulski, W. Smith, C. E. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wyslouch, B. Zhang, J. CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI Evidence of final-state suppression of high-p(T) hadrons in Au plus Au collisions using d plus Au measurements at RHIC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with p(T) < 6 GeV/c have been measured near mid-rapidity (0.2 < eta < 1.4) by the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC in Au + Au and d + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The spectra for different collision centralities are compared to p + <(p)over bar> collisions at the same energy. The resulting nuclear modification factor for central Au + Au collisions shows evidence of strong suppression of charged hadrons in the high-p(T) region (>2 GeV/c). In contrast, the d + Au nuclear modification factor exhibits no suppression of the high-pT yields. These measurements suggest a large energy loss of the high-pT particles in the highly interacting medium created in the central Au + Au collisions. The lack of suppression in d + Au collisions suggests that it is unlikely that initial state effects can explain the suppression in the central Au + Au collisions. C1 [Nouicer, Rachid; Baker, M. D.; Barton, D. S.; Becker, B.; Carroll, A.; George, N.; Gushue, S.; Holzman, B.; Nouicer, R.; Pak, R.; Sedykh, I.; Steinberg, P.; Sukhanov, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Back, B. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gburek, T.; Holynski, R.; Olszewski, A.; Trzupek, A.; Wosiek, B.; Wozniak, K.] Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Ballintijn, M.; Busza, W.; Decowski, M. P.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Henderson, C.; Kane, J. L.; Kulinich, P.; Lee, J. W.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Sarin, P.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wyslouch, B.; Zhang, J.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Nouicer, Rachid; Betts, R. R.; Garcia, E.; Halliwell, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Nouicer, R.; Sagerer, J.; Smith, C. E.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Mignerey, A. C.; Tonjes, M. B.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hamblen, J.; Harrington, A. S.; Johnson, E.; Khan, N.; Manly, S.; Park, I. C.; Skulski, W.; Wolfs, F. L. H.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Nouicer, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S606 EP S608 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1702-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000153 ER PT J AU Poon, AW AF Poon, A. W. CA SNO Collaboration TI Recent results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) measures both the flux of the electron-type neutrinos and the total flux of all active flavours of neutrinos originating from the Sun. A model-independent test of neutrino flavour transformation was performed by comparing these two measurements. In 2002, this flavour transformation was definitively demonstrated. In this talk, results from these measurements and the current status of the SNO detector are presented. C1 [Poon, A. W.; SNO Collaboration] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poon, AW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S823 EP S825 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-908-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000223 ER PT J AU Shanahan, P AF Shanahan, Peter CA MINOS Collaboration TI Status and prospects of the MINOS experiment SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB The MINOS experiment aims to conduct precision measurements of neutrino oscillation properties. Commissioning will start in early 2005, with two detectors separated by a baseline of 735km, and a beam of primarily v(mu). C1 [Shanahan, Peter; MINOS Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Shanahan, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S834 EP S836 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-911-8 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000226 ER PT J AU Thom, J AF Thom, Julia CA Behalf CDF Collaboration TI Rare charm and B decays at CDF SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We present results on rare charm and B decays using 65pb(-1) of data taken with the CDF detector in Run II. Three results are discussed, a measurement of the relative branching ratios Gamma(D(0) -> K(+)K(-))/Gamma(D(0) -> K pi) and Gamma(D(0) -> pi(+)pi(-))/Gamma(D(0) -> K pi) and the direct CP-violating decay rate asymmetry, and a limit on the branching ratio of the FCNC decay D(0) -> mu(+)mu(-). We also discuss the prospects for the search for B(s)(0) -> mu(+)mu(-) decays. C1 [Thom, Julia; Behalf CDF Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60501 USA. RP Thom, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60501 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S303 EP S305 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-212-4 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000054 ER PT J AU Trzupek, A Back, BB Baker, MD Barton, DS Betts, RR Ballintijn, M Bickley, AA Bindel, R Budzanowski, A Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Heintzelman, GA Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Katzy, J Khan, N Kucewicz, W Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lin, WT Manly, S McLeod, D Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Remsberg, LP Reuter, M Roland, C Roland, G Rosenberg, L Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sawicki, P Skulski, W Steadman, SG Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tang, JL Teng, R Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Wadsworth, B Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wuosmaa, AH Wyslouch, B AF Trzupek, Adam Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Ballintijn, M. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Budzanowski, A. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Gushue, S. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Heintzelman, G. A. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Katzy, J. Khan, N. Kucewicz, W. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Lin, W. T. Manly, S. McLeod, D. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Park, I. C. Pernegger, H. Reed, C. Remsberg, L. P. Reuter, M. Roland, C. Roland, G. Rosenberg, L. Sagerer, J. Sarin, P. Sawicki, P. Skulski, W. Steadman, S. G. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Tang, J. -L. Teng, R. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Verdier, R. Wadsworth, B. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wuosmaa, A. H. Wyslouch, B. CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI Low-p(T)spectra of identified charged particles in root sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions from PHOBOS experiment at RHIC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DISORIENTED CHIRAL CONDENSATE AB The PHOBOS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), comprising the spectrometer with multiple layers of silicon wafers, is an excellent detector for very low transverse momentum (p(T)) particles. Transverse momentum distributions of pi(-) + pi(+), K- + K+ and p + (p) over bar produced at mid-rapidity are presented for the 15% most central Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The momentum ranges for measured particles are from 30 to 50 MeV/c for pions, 90 to 130 MeV/c for kaons and 140 to 210 MeV/c for protons and antiprotons. The measurement method is briefly described. A comparison of the pT spectra to experimental results at higher particle momenta and to model predictions is discussed. C1 [Back, B. B.; George, N.; Wuosmaa, A. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baker, M. D.; Barton, D. S.; Carroll, A.; George, N.; Gushue, S.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Holzman, B.; Nouicer, R.; Pak, R.; Remsberg, L. P.; Steinberg, P.; Sukhanov, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Budzanowski, A.; Holynski, R.; Olszewski, A.; Sawicki, P.; Trzupek, A.; Wosiek, B.; Wozniak, K.] Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Ballintijn, M.; Busza, W.; Decowski, M. P.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Henderson, C.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Kulinich, P.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sarin, P.; Steadman, S. G.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Wadsworth, B.; Wyslouch, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Tang, J. -L.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Betts, R. R.; Garcia, E.; Halliwell, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Katzy, J.; Kucewicz, W.; McLeod, D.; Nouicer, R.; Reuter, M.; Sagerer, J.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Mignerey, A. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hamblen, J.; Johnson, E.; Khan, N.; Manly, S.; Park, I. C.; Skulski, W.; Teng, R.; Wolfs, F. L. H.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S600 EP S602 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1700-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000151 ER PT J AU Vacavant, L AF Vacavant, Laurent CA ATLAS Collaboration CMS Collaboration TI Search for extra dimensions at LHC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB Some of the studies performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations to establish the future sensitivity of the experiments to extra dimension signals are reviewed. The discrimination of those signals from other new physics signals and the extraction of the underlying parameters of the extra dimension models are discussed. C1 [Vacavant, Laurent; ATLAS Collaboration; CMS Collaboration] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vacavant, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S924 EP S926 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-03-1107-5 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000249 ER PT J AU Yin, ZB Arsene, I Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Germinario, M Hagel, K Hansen, O Holm, A Ito, H Jipa, A Jundt, F Jordre, JI Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lindal, S Lystad, R Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A McBreen, B Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Neumann, B Nielsen, BS Norris, J Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Staszel, P Ristea, C Ristea, O Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, SJ Scheetz, RA Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Yin, Z Zgura, IS AF Yin, Zhongbao Arsene, I. Bearden, I. G. Beavis, D. Besliu, C. Budick, B. Boggild, H. Chasman, C. Christensen, C. H. Christiansen, P. Cibor, J. Debbe, R. Enger, E. Gaardhoje, J. J. Germinario, M. Hagel, K. Hansen, O. Holm, A. Ito, H. Jipa, A. Jundt, F. Jordre, J. I. Jorgensen, C. E. Karabowicz, R. Kim, E. J. Kozik, T. Larsen, T. M. Lee, J. H. Lee, Y. K. Lindal, S. Lystad, R. Lovhoiden, G. Majka, Z. Makeev, A. McBreen, B. Mikelsen, M. Murray, M. Natowitz, J. Neumann, B. Nielsen, B. S. Norris, J. Ouerdane, D. Planeta, R. Rami, F. Staszel, P. Ristea, C. Ristea, O. Rohrich, D. Samset, B. H. Sandberg, D. Sanders, S. J. Scheetz, R. A. Tveter, T. S. Videbaek, F. Wada, R. Yin, Z. Zgura, I. S. CA BRAHMS Collaboration TI High pT results for Au plus Au collisions at root sNN=200 GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB We present transverse momentum spectra of unidentified charged hadrons at two pseudo-rapidities (eta = 0, 2.2) as well as the first results on identified negatively charged pions at rapidity 2.2 from Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The high p(T) yields of charged hadrons in the most central collisions show a strong suppression when compared to expected binary-scaled yields from nucleon-nucleon collisions or semi-peripheral collisions. The pi(-) spectra at forward rapidity (y = 2.2) also indicate a clear suppression of high pT pi(-) yields in central collisions. C1 [Yin, Zhongbao; Jordre, J. I.; Lystad, R.; Rohrich, D.; Yin, Z.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. [Beavis, D.; Chasman, C.; Debbe, R.; Ito, H.; Kim, E. J.; Lee, J. H.; McBreen, B.; Scheetz, R. A.; Videbaek, F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jundt, F.; Rami, F.] Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. [Jundt, F.; Rami, F.] Univ Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France. [Cibor, J.] Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Karabowicz, R.; Kozik, T.; Majka, Z.; Planeta, R.; Staszel, P.] Jagiellonian Univ, Smoluchkowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Lee, Y. K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bearden, I. G.; Boggild, H.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Gaardhoje, J. J.; Germinario, M.; Hansen, O.; Holm, A.; Jorgensen, C. E.; Nielsen, B. S.; Ouerdane, D.; Staszel, P.; Sandberg, D.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hagel, K.; Makeev, A.; Murray, M.; Natowitz, J.; Wada, R.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Arsene, I.; Besliu, C.; Jipa, A.; Ristea, C.; Ristea, O.; Zgura, I. S.] Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. [Ito, H.; Murray, M.; Neumann, B.; Norris, J.; Sanders, S. J.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Enger, E.; Larsen, T. M.; Lindal, S.; Lovhoiden, G.; Mikelsen, M.; Samset, B. H.; Tveter, T. S.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Yin, ZB (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. RI Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012 OI Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 33 SU 1 BP S603 EP S605 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2004-03-1701-3 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WZ UT WOS:000207563000152 ER PT J AU Baur, G Bedjidian, M Bonner, BE Chatrchyan, S Damgov, J De Min, A Denegri, D Drapier, O Eppley, G Galoyan, A Geist, W Genchev, V Geurts, F Golutvin, IA Haroutunian, R Hayrapetyan, M Hencken, K Jenkovszky, L Kartvelishvili, V Kharlov, Y Kodolova, O Kotlinski, D Krasnov, VA Kruglov, N Kvatadze, R Lamas-Valverde, J Llope, W Lokhtin, I Malakhov, AI Nikitenko, A Petrouchanko, S Platner, E Racz, A Roberts, J Sadovsky, S Sarycheva, L Savina, MV Shanidze, R Shmatov, SV Slavin, NV Slepnev, IV Smirnov, VA Snigirev, A Trautmann, D Uzhinskii, VV Vardanyan, I Vasilishin, YI Vogt, R Wrochna, G Yepes, P Zarubin, PI AF Baur, G. Bedjidian, M. Bonner, B. E. Chatrchyan, S. Damgov, J. De Min, A. Denegri, D. Drapier, O. Eppley, G. Galoyan, A. Geist, W. Genchev, V. Geurts, F. Golutvin, I. A. Haroutunian, R. Hayrapetyan, M. Hencken, K. Jenkovszky, L. Kartvelishvili, V. Kharlov, Yu. Kodolova, O. Kotlinski, D. Krasnov, V. A. Kruglov, N. Kvatadze, R. Lamas-Valverde, J. Llope, W. Lokhtin, I. Malakhov, A. I. Nikitenko, A. Petrouchanko, S. Platner, E. Racz, A. Roberts, J. Sadovsky, S. Sarycheva, L. Savina, M. V. Shanidze, R. Shmatov, S. V. Slavin, N. V. Slepnev, I. V. Smirnov, V. A. Snigirev, A. Trautmann, D. Uzhinskii, V. V. Vardanyan, I. Vasilishin, Yu. I. Vogt, R. Wrochna, G. Yepes, P. Zarubin, P. I. TI Heavy ion physics programme in CMS SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article C1 [Bedjidian, M.; Drapier, O.; Haroutunian, R.] CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Bedjidian, M.; Drapier, O.; Haroutunian, R.] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Baur, G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Bonner, B. E.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Lamas-Valverde, J.; Llope, W.; Platner, E.; Roberts, J.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Bonner Nucl Lab MS315, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Chatrchyan, S.; Galoyan, A.; Golutvin, I. A.; Krasnov, V. A.; Malakhov, A. I.; Savina, M. V.; Shmatov, S. V.; Slavin, N. V.; Slepnev, I. V.; Smirnov, V. A.; Uzhinskii, V. V.; Vasilishin, Yu. I.; Zarubin, P. I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab High Energies, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Damgov, J.; Genchev, V.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [De Min, A.; Racz, A.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Denegri, D.] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Geist, W.] LEPSI Strasbourg, IN2P3 CNRS ULP, Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. [Hayrapetyan, M.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Comp Tech & Automat, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Hencken, K.; Trautmann, D.] Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Jenkovszky, L.] Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, UA-252143 Kiev, Ukraine. [Kartvelishvili, V.; Kvatadze, R.; Shanidze, R.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Kharlov, Yu.; Sadovsky, S.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Kodolova, O.; Kruglov, N.; Lokhtin, I.; Petrouchanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Snigirev, A.; Vardanyan, I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Kotlinski, D.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Nikitenko, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Vogt, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vogt, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wrochna, G.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Bedjidian, M (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM Marc.Bedjidian@ipnl.in2p3.fr RI Lokhtin, Igor/D-7004-2012; Kodolova, Olga/D-7158-2012; Snigirev, Alexander/D-8912-2012; Petrushanko, Sergey/D-6880-2012; Vardanyan, Irina/K-7981-2012; OI DE MIN, ALBERTO/0000-0002-8130-9389 NR 361 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 2004 VL 32 SU 2 BP S69 EP S202 DI 10.1140/epjcd/s2003-01-0015-3 PG 134 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V11WY UT WOS:000207562900004 ER PT J AU Wilding, MC Benmore, CJ Tangeman, JA Sampath, S AF Wilding, MC Benmore, CJ Tangeman, JA Sampath, S TI Coordination changes in magnesium silicate glasses SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURES; MAS-NMR; LIQUIDS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; TRANSITION; MINERALS AB Classes made from the magnesium silicate minerals enstatite (MgSiO(3)) and forsterite (Mg(2)SiO(4)) and three intermediate compositions can be considered as analogues of quenched melts from the Earth and Lunar mantle. Combined neutron and X-ray diffraction data show an abrupt change in glass structure in the narrow compositional range 38% SiO(2) to 33% SiO(2) (Mg(2)SiO(4)). These structural changes reflect a change from a glass characterized by corner-shared SiO(4) tetrahedra and an approximately equal mixture of MgO(4) and MgO(5) polyhedra, to one in which the average coordination of magnesium by oxygen is increased from 4.5 +/- 0.1 to 5.0 +/- 0.1. Both these local environments are very different from that of their crystalline counterparts. The change in structure is associated with a discontinuous change in the rheological properties of these glass-forming liquids close to the forsterite composition. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Wilding, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 13 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 67 IS 2 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-10286-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 846IR UT WOS:000223309700010 ER PT J AU Wildung, RE Li, SW Murray, CJ Krupka, KM Xie, Y Hess, NJ Roden, EE AF Wildung, RE Li, SW Murray, CJ Krupka, KM Xie, Y Hess, NJ Roden, EE TI Technetium reduction in sediments of a shallow aquifer exhibiting dissimilatory iron reduction potential SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, ATV Jord Grundvand, Soc Danish Environm Engineers, Univ New Hampshire, Bedrock Bioremediat Ctr, Univ New Hampshire, Environm Res Grp, US DOE, Danish Tech Res Council, Cowifonden DE technetium; iron reduction; sediments; bioremediation ID REDUCING BACTERIA; HUMIC-ACID; PERTECHNETATE; COMPLEXATION; TRANSPORT; SORPTION; FE(II); OXIDES; TC AB Pertechnetate ion [Tc(VII)O-4(-)] reduction rate was determined in core samples from a shallow sandy aquifer located on the US Atlantic Coastal Plain. The aquifer is generally low in dissolved O-2 (<1 mg L-1) and composed of weakly indurated late Pleistocene sediments differing markedly in physicochemical properties. Thermodynamic calculations, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and statistical analyses were used to establish the dominant reduction mechanisms, constraints on Tc solubility, and the oxidation state, and speciation of sediment reduction products. The extent of Tc(VII) reduction differed markedly between sediments (ranging from 0% to 100% after 10 days of equilibration), with low solubility Tc(IV) hydrous oxide the major solid phase reduction product. The dominant electron donor in the sediments proved to be (0.5 M HCl extractable) Fe(II). Sediment Fe(II)/Tc(VII) concentrations >4.3 were generally sufficient for complete reduction of Tc(VII) added [1-2.5 mumol (dry wt. sediment) g(-1)]. At these Fe(II) concentrations, the Tc(VII) reduction rate exceeded that observed previously for Fe(II)-mediated reduction on isolated solids of geologic or biogenic origin, suggesting that sediment Fe(II) was either more reactive and/or that electron shuttles played a role in sediment Tc(VII) reduction processes. In buried peals, Fe(II) in excess did not result in complete removal of Tc from solution, perhaps because organic complexation of Tc(IV) limited formation of the Tc(IV) hydrous oxide. In some sands exhibiting Fe(II)/Tc(VII) concentrations <1.1, there was presumptive evidence for direct enzymatic reduction of Tc(VII). Addition of organic electron donors (acetate, lactate) resulted in microbial reduction of (up to 35%) Fe(III) and corresponding increases in extractable Fe(II) in sands that exhibited lowest initial Tc(VII) reduction and highest hydraulic conductivities, suggesting that accelerated microbial reduction of Fe(III) could offer a viable means of attenuating mobile Tc(VII) in this type of sediment system. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Wildung, RE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM r.wildung@pnl.gov OI Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 46 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2003.08.016 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 836IL UT WOS:000222549000016 PM 19712393 ER PT J AU Neal, AL Clough, LK Perkins, TD Little, BJ Magnuson, TS AF Neal, AL Clough, LK Perkins, TD Little, BJ Magnuson, TS TI In situ measurement of Fe(III) reduction activity of Geobacter pelophilus by simultaneous in situ RT-PCR and XPS analysis SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology CY SEP 08-13, 2002 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, ATV Jord Grundvand, Soc Danish Environm Engineers, Univ New Hampshire, Bedrock Bioremediat Ctr, Univ New Hampshire, Environm Res Grp, US DOE, Danish Tech Res Council, Cowifonden DE iron respiring bacterium; gene detection; surface attachment; mineral transformation; geobacteraceae ID OUTER-MEMBRANE CYTOCHROMES; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; SHEWANELLA-ALGA BRY; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; IRON SULFIDES; ADHESION; OXIDE; SULFURREDUCENS; CHEMISTRY AB Geobacter pelophilus is capable of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reduction on solid phase Fe(III)-oxides by means of surface attachment and direct electron transport to Fe(III), in part mediated by outer membrane c-type cytochromes. A study was undertaken to characterize surface colonization patterns, gene expression, and mineral transformation by this organism. The gene fer A (Geobacter sulfurreducens outer membrane Fe(III) reductase cytochrome c) was used as a target for PCR based molecular detection methods for visualizing G. pelophilus surface colonization. Protein extracts were prepared from solid-phase cultures, and cytochrome c content assessed. Mineral transformations were followed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results of in situ (IS) RT-PCR experiments demonstrate that G. pelophilus attaches and grows at ferrihydrite mineral surfaces. Fluorescently-labeled cells were observed after IS-RT-PCR experiments, suggesting that G. pelophilus contains a cytochrome c sequence similar to ferA in G. sulfurreducens which is expressed in the presence of ferrihydrite. Protein extracts possessed high mass c-type cytochromes of similar size to those found in G. sulfurreducens. In addition, unique high-mass c-type cytochromes were also detected. XPS analysis demonstrated mineral transformation to occur, mediated by the surface associated population. This study demonstrates that G. pelophilus attaches to Fe(III)-oxide surfaces, reduces the Fe(III) oxides at the surface, produces c-type cytochromes under these growth conditions, and expresses cytochrome c-encoding genes as measured by in situ molecular detection techniques. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83204 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USN, Res Lab, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Magnuson, TS (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, POB 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM magntimo@isu.edu RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.03.014 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 836IL UT WOS:000222549000017 PM 19712394 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Edwards, HC AF Stewart, JR Edwards, HC TI A framework approach for developing parallel adaptive multiphysics applications SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Robert J Melosh Conference CY MAR 28, 2003 CL Duke Univ, Durham, NC HO Duke Univ DE computational framework; computational toolbox; parallel computing; adaptivity; transfer operators; multiphysics applications AB This paper presents the concept of using a computational framework for enabling rapid development of parallel adaptive multiphysics application codes. A computational framework supplies a software architecture along with a toolbox of advanced capabilities for the many mechanics-independent pieces of the software. These pieces include high-level concepts to support parallel communications, parallel transfer operators that support code coupling, and parallel mesh refinement and unrefinement services with dynamic load rebalancing. We describe these capabilities in the context of the SIERRA framework developed at Sandia National Laboratories. Numerical examples are given, demonstrating the use of framework services for developing a parallel coupled application and a parallel single-physics h-adaptive application. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrstewa@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1599 EP 1617 DI 10.1016/j.finel.2003.10.006 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 828WI UT WOS:000222004000003 ER PT J AU McMichael, GA Vucelick, JA Abernethy, CS Neitzel, DA AF McMichael, GA Vucelick, JA Abernethy, CS Neitzel, DA TI Comparing fish screen performance to physical design criteria SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Fish screens associated with irrigation diversion structures perform a vital function by protecting rearing and migrating fishes. Irrigation diversions in the western United States were developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s with little regard to how they might affect fish populations. Fish screens were installed on some diversions beginning in the 1930s but were often ineffective. Beginning in the 1980s a "modern-era" fish screening program was initiated in the Yakima River basin in Washington State. A systematic phased approach was employed, with federal funding, to replace antiquated screens and to install screens where there had not previously been fish protection devices. Also during this time, the federal and state agencies responsible for protecting the fish resources developed regional criteria to guide design of these facilities. These criteria, developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service and used by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, dictated physical metrics such as approach velocity (and mesh size) for fish screen facilities. Scientists at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) developed methods for evaluating new fish screen facilities as they came "on line" to document whether the facilities were designed, constructed, operated, and maintained to be within the fish passage criteria. PNNL uses a combination of water velocity measurements, visual inspection, and underwater videography to determine whether fish screen sites are within the fish protection criteria. This annual evaluation schedule (most sites are evaluated three times/year) is a vital tool to ensure that the large initial capital investment (over $75 million USD) is being operated and maintained to protect fish. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McMichael, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM geoffrey.mcmichael@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JUL PY 2004 VL 29 IS 7 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2004)29[10:CFSPTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 834TH UT WOS:000222433300008 ER PT J AU Fritz, B Lamb, B Westberg, H Folk, R Knighton, B Grimsrud, E AF Fritz, B Lamb, B Westberg, H Folk, R Knighton, B Grimsrud, E TI Pilot- and full-scale measurements of VOC emissions from lumber drying of Inland Northwest species SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; TRACER TECHNIQUES; UNITED-STATES; DOUGLAS-FIR; PINE LUMBER; AIR; KILN; FLUXES; RATES AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from lumber drying operations can contribute to the formation of ground level ozone on a regional scale. Current estimates of VOC emission rates have large uncertainties. Results in this paper are reported for VOC emissions from lumber drying of Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine and grand (white) fir. Measurements were made using a university pilot-scale kiln and evaluated with respect to measurements made for a kiln at a commercial lumber mill. The measured emission factors were 0.51 g/kg(OD) for Douglas-fir, 0.7 g/kg(OD) for ponderosa pine, and 0.15 g/kg(OD) for grand fir. Measurements also showed that 10 percent or more of the VOC emitted by grand fir are aldehyde species. These data were obtained using a novel tracer ratio method that eliminates the need for ventilation flow rate measurements at the small scale and meteorological measurements or modeling at the full scale. We also report the first application of a real-time VOC instrument, the proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, which has capabilities to measure selected VOCs, including oxygenated species, at low levels with a few seconds time resolution. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Fritz, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7-8 BP 50 EP 56 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 847CC UT WOS:000223365400007 ER PT J AU Motojima, O Yamada, H Komori, A Watanabe, KY Mutoh, T Takeiri, Y Ida, K Akiyama, T Asakura, N Ashikawa, N Chikaraishi, H Cooper, WA Emoto, M Fujita, T Fujiwara, M Funaba, H Goncharov, P Goto, M Hamada, Y Higashijima, S Hino, T Hoshino, M Ichimura, M Idei, H Ido, T Ikeda, K Imagawa, S Inagaki, S Isayama, A Isobe, M Itoh, T Itoh, K Kado, S Kalinina, D Kaneba, T Kaneko, O Kato, D Kato, T Kawahata, K Kawashima, H Kawazome, H Kobuchi, T Kondo, K Kubo, S Kumazawa, R Lyon, JF Maekawa, R Mase, A Masuzaki, S Mito, T Matsuoka, K Miura, Y Miyazawa, J More, R Morisaki, T Morita, S Murakami, I Murakami, S Mutoh, S Nagaoka, K Nagasaki, K Nagayama, Y Nakamura, Y Nakanishi, H Narihara, K Narushima, Y Nishimura, H Nishimura, K Nishiura, M Nishizawa, A Noda, N Notake, T Nozato, H Ohdachi, S Ohkubo, K Ohyabu, N Oyama, N Oka, Y Okada, H Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Peterson, BJ Sagara, A Saida, T Saito, K Sakakibara, S Sakamoto, M Sakamoto, R Ttt, MS Sato, K Seki, T Shimozuma, T Shoji, M Sudo, S Takagi, S Takahashi, Y Takase, Y Takenaga, H Takeuchi, N Tamura, N Tanaka, K Tanaka, M Toi, K Takahata, K Tokuzawa, T Torii, Y Tsumori, K Watanabe, F Watanabe, M Watanabe, T Watari, T Yamada, I Yamada, S Yamaguchi, T Yamamoto, S Yamazaki, K Yanagi, N Yokoyama, M Yoshida, N Yoshimura, S Yoshimura, Y Yoshinuma, M AF Motojima, O Yamada, H Komori, A Watanabe, KY Mutoh, T Takeiri, Y Ida, K Akiyama, T Asakura, N Ashikawa, N Chikaraishi, H Cooper, WA Emoto, M Fujita, T Fujiwara, M Funaba, H Goncharov, P Goto, M Hamada, Y Higashijima, S Hino, T Hoshino, M Ichimura, M Idei, H Ido, T Ikeda, K Imagawa, S Inagaki, S Isayama, A Isobe, M Itoh, T Itoh, K Kado, S Kalinina, D Kaneba, T Kaneko, O Kato, D Kato, T Kawahata, K Kawashima, H Kawazome, H Kobuchi, T Kondo, K Kubo, S Kumazawa, R Lyon, JF Maekawa, R Mase, A Masuzaki, S Mito, T Matsuoka, K Miura, Y Miyazawa, J More, R Morisaki, T Morita, S Murakami, I Murakami, S Mutoh, S Nagaoka, K Nagasaki, K Nagayama, Y Nakamura, Y Nakanishi, H Narihara, K Narushima, Y Nishimura, H Nishimura, K Nishiura, M Nishizawa, A Noda, N Notake, T Nozato, H Ohdachi, S Ohkubo, K Ohyabu, N Oyama, N Oka, Y Okada, H Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Peterson, BJ Sagara, A Saida, T Saito, K Sakakibara, S Sakamoto, M Sakamoto, R Ttt, MS Sato, K Seki, T Shimozuma, T Shoji, M Sudo, S Takagi, S Takahashi, Y Takase, Y Takenaga, H Takeuchi, N Tamura, N Tanaka, K Tanaka, M Toi, K Takahata, K Tokuzawa, T Torii, Y Tsumori, K Watanabe, F Watanabe, M Watanabe, T Watari, T Yamada, I Yamada, S Yamaguchi, T Yamamoto, S Yamazaki, K Yanagi, N Yokoyama, M Yoshida, N Yoshimura, S Yoshimura, Y Yoshinuma, M TI Review on the progress of the LHD experiment SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Stellarator Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Greifswald, GERMANY DE large helical device; heliotron; net-current-free plasmas ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; BEAM-HEATED PLASMAS; ENERGY CONFINEMENT; ION TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; FIELD; ECH AB Recent progress in the Large Helical Device (LHD) experiment during the last 2 yr is reviewed. The LHD has been extending its operational regime toward fusion-relevant conditions while taking advantage of the net-current-free heliotron concept employing a superconducting coil system. Heating capability has exceeded 10 MW, and the central ion and electron temperatures have reached 7 and 10 keV respectively. The maximum values of beta and pulse length have been extended to 3.2% and 150 s, respectively. Several encouraging physics observations have been obtained, i.e., simultaneous achievement of the mitigation of the magnetohydro-dynamic instability criteria and good confinement, and formation of an internal transport barrier. The initial results have been obtained using a local island divertor, which shows the possibility of particle control at the plasma edge. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, Lausanne, Switzerland. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138658, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Miura 2400193, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Osaka Univ, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Motojima, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, 322-6 Oroshi Cho, Gifu 5095292, Japan. EM motojima@lhd.nifs.ac.jp RI Nozato, Hideaki/C-9620-2011; Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; Sakamoto, Ryuichi/E-7557-2013; Goncharov, Pavel/I-4288-2013; Murakami, Sadayoshi/A-2191-2016; Mito, Toshiyuki/E-7537-2013; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Sakamoto, Ryuichi/0000-0002-4453-953X; Goncharov, Pavel/0000-0001-9226-1694; Murakami, Sadayoshi/0000-0002-2526-7137; Mito, Toshiyuki/0000-0002-1705-9039; Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561; NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843CT UT WOS:000223053900003 ER PT J AU Geiger, JE Weller, A Zarnstorff, MC Kolesnichenko, YI AF Geiger, JE Weller, A Zarnstorff, MC Kolesnichenko, YI CA W7-AS Team Neutral Beam Injection Grp TI Equilibrium and stability of high-beta plasmas in Wendelstein 7-AS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Stellarator Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Greifswald, GERMANY DE stellarator; equilibrium; stability ID W7-AS STELLARATOR; PHYSICS; DESIGN AB One of the major goals for Wendelstein 7-AS (W7-AS) was the testing of the theoretical basis for the optimized configuration of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), currently under construction in Greifswald, Germany. In the last experimental campaign of W7-AS, volume-averaged,8 values >3% have been achieved. The underlying experimental changes leading to these results are briefly reviewed. The equilibrium characteristics expected from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory are modeled in a simplified picture and compared with three-dimensional equilibrium calculations. A wide range of parameters has been covered in the experiments with and without net toroidal currents. Experimental data are compared with free-boundary equilibrium calculations and exhibit good agreement. The high-beta equilibria usually showed only small MHD activity. The most prominent activities are low-frequency pressure-driven modes connected with low-order rationals also expected from numerical calculations using the CAS3D code, and Alfven modes driven by energetic particles from the tangential neutral beam injection. Comparison of experimentally measured frequencies and mode structures from soft-X-ray tomography with theoretical predictions also shows the improving understanding of these modes in stellarators. The agreement of experiment and theory gives confidence in the predictions for W7-X. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Inst Nucl Res, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Geiger, JE (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. EM joachim.geiger@ipp.mpg.de NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843CT UT WOS:000223053900004 ER PT J AU Ichiguchi, K Nakajima, N Carreras, BA AF Ichiguchi, K Nakajima, N Carreras, BA TI Nonlinear analysis for stabilization of interchange mode in LHD plasmas SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Stellarator Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Greifswald, GERMANY DE magnetohydrodynamics; interchange mode; nonlinear simulation ID LARGE HELICAL DEVICE; FREE-BOUNDARY; INSTABILITIES; STELLARATORS; STABILITY; IDEAL AB The nonlinear behavior of the interchange mode in Large Helical Device (LHD) plasma depends on the overlap of the vortices with different helicity. If the vortices are separated in the radial direction, each mode saturates mildly with generating the local flat regions in the pressure profile. In the case of significant overlap of the vortices, the appearance of large-scale convection results in sudden global reduction of the pressure. The sequence of the saturated pressure profile in the increase of beta can suppress the overlap. Self-organization of the pressure profile to suppress the overlap of the vortices can be the stabilizing mechanism in the LHD plasma. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ichiguchi, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Oroshi Cho 322-6, Toki 5095292, Japan. EM ichiguch@nifs.ac.jp NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843CT UT WOS:000223053900006 ER PT J AU Konig, R Grigull, P McCormick, K Feng, Y Ehmler, H Gadelmeier, F Giannone, L Hildebrandt, D Kisslinger, J Klinger, T Naujoks, D Ramasubramanian, N Renner, H Sardei, F Thomsen, H Wagner, F Wenzel, U Werner, A AF Konig, R Grigull, P McCormick, K Feng, Y Ehmler, H Gadelmeier, F Giannone, L Hildebrandt, D Kisslinger, J Klinger, T Naujoks, D Ramasubramanian, N Renner, H Sardei, F Thomsen, H Wagner, F Wenzel, U Werner, A TI Divertors for helical devices: Concepts, plans, results, and problems SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Stellarator Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Greifswald, GERMANY DE stellarator; island divertor; helical divertor ID SUPRA ERGODIC DIVERTOR; TORE-SUPRA; PLASMA PERFORMANCE; HELIOTRON-E; EDGE; LHD; STELLARATOR; DISCHARGES; W7-AS; FLOW AB With Large Helical Device (LHD) and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), the development of helical devices is now taking a large step forward on the path to a steady-state fusion reactor. Important issues that need to be settled in these machines are particle flux and heat control and the impact of divertors on plasma performance in future continuously burning fusion plasmas. The divertor concepts that will initially be explored in these large machines were prepared in smaller-scale devices like Heliotron E, Compact Helical System (CHS), and Wendelstein 7-AS (W7-AS). While advanced divertor scenarios relevant for W7-X were already studied in W7-AS, other smaller-scale experiments like Heliotron-J, CHS, and National Compact Stellarator Experiment will be used for the further development of divertor concepts. The two divertor configurations that are being investigated are the helical and the island divertor, as well as the local island divertor, which was successfully demonstrated on CHS and just went into operation on LHD. At present, on its route to a fully closed helical divertor, LHD operates in an open helical divertor configuration. W7-X will be equipped right from the start with an actively cooled discrete island divertor that will allow quasi-continuous operation. The divertor design is very similar to the one explored on W7-AS. For sufficiently large island sizes and not too long field line connection lengths, this divertor gives access to a partially detached quasi-steady-state operating scenario in a newly found high-density H-mode operating regime, which benefits from high energy and low impurity confinement times, with edge radiation levels of up to 90% and sufficient neutral compression in the sub-divertor region (>10) for active pumping. The basic physics of the different divertor concepts and associated implementation problems, like asymmetries due to drifts, accessibility of essential operating scenarios, toroidal asymmetries due to symmetry breaking error fields, etc., are discussed. C1 EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. RP Konig, R (reprint author), EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. EM ralf.koenig@ipp.mpg.de NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 152 EP 166 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843CT UT WOS:000223053900019 ER PT J AU Pedersen, TS Boozer, AH Kremer, JP Reiersen, WT Dahlgren, F Pomphrey, N AF Pedersen, TS Boozer, AH Kremer, JP Reiersen, WT Dahlgren, F Pomphrey, N TI The Columbia Nonneutral Torus: A new experiment to confine nonneutral and positron-electron plasmas in a stellarator SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Stellarator Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Greifswald, GERMANY DE fusion; stellarator; nonneutral plasma ID EQUILIBRIA; INJECTION; CLOUDS AB The Columbia Nonneutral Torus is a new stellarator experiment being built at Columbia University, New York, to study the confinement of nonneutral and electron-positron plasmas. It will be a two-period, ultralow aspect ratio classical stellarator configuration created from four circular coils. The theory of the confinement and transport of pure electron plasmas on magnetic surfaces is reviewed. The guiding principles behind the experimental design are presented, together with the actual experimental design configuration. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pedersen, TS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM tsp22@columbia.edu RI pomphrey, neil/G-4405-2010 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 200 EP 208 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843CT UT WOS:000223053900024 ER PT J AU Lazarus, EA Zarnstorff, MC Hudson, SR Ku, LP McCune, DC Mikkelsen, DR Monticello, DA Pomphrey, E Reiman, AH AF Lazarus, EA Zarnstorff, MC Hudson, SR Ku, LP McCune, DC Mikkelsen, DR Monticello, DA Pomphrey, E Reiman, AH TI Simulation of a discharge for the NCSX stellarator SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Stellarator Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Greifswald, GERMANY DE NCSX; plasma control; MHD stability ID EQUILIBRIA AB It is demonstrated that there exists a plausible evolution of the discharge from the vacuum state to the desired high beta state with the self-consistent bootstrap current profile. The discharge evolution preserves stability and has adequate quasi axisymmetry along this trajectory. The study takes advantage of the quasi-axisymmetric nature of the device to model the evolution of flux and energy in two dimensions. The plasma confinement is modeled to be consistent with empirical scaling. The ohmic circuit, the plasma density, and the timing of the neutral beam heating control the poloidal flux evolution. The resulting pressure and current density profiles are then used in a three-dimensional optimization to find the desired sequence of equilibria. In order to obtain this sequence, active control of the helical and poloidal fields is required. These results are consistent with the planned power systems for the magnets. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lazarus, EA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, MS 13-420,POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Lazarus@fusion.gat.com RI Hudson, Stuart/H-7186-2013 OI Hudson, Stuart/0000-0003-1530-2733 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 209 EP 214 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843CT UT WOS:000223053900025 ER PT J AU Spong, DA Strickler, DJ Hirshman, SP Lyon, JF Berry, LA Mikkelsen, DR Monticello, DA Ware, AS AF Spong, DA Strickler, DJ Hirshman, SP Lyon, JF Berry, LA Mikkelsen, DR Monticello, DA Ware, AS TI Qps transport physics flexibility using variable coil currents SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Stellarator Workshop CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Greifswald, GERMANY DE stellarator flexibility; neoclassical transport; magnetic island ID TOROIDAL PLASMAS; STELLARATORS; COEFFICIENTS AB An important goal for a stellarator design is to incorporate enough flexibility to experimentally test a range of physics issues. The proposed Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator device achieves this by allowing independently variable currents in the modular, vertical field, and toroidal coil sets. Numerical optimizations and modeling show that this can allow significant tests of neoclassical cross-field transport rates, reduced poloidal flow damping (relative to the tokamak), and magnetic island width control. This flexibility is achieved in a unique, very low aspect ratio (Ro/(a) = 2.7) two-field period (racetrack-shaped) configuration that generates rotational transform from a combination of internal plasma currents and external shaping. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08502 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Spong, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spongda@ornl.gov RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 46 IS 1 BP 215 EP 223 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 843CT UT WOS:000223053900026 ER PT J AU Kim, J Bergmann, A Lucas, S Stone, R Stubbs, L AF Kim, J Bergmann, A Lucas, S Stone, R Stubbs, L TI Lineage-specific imprinting and evolution of the zinc-finger gene ZIM2 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN-SYNDROME; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME 19Q13.4; PROXIMAL CHROMOSOME-7; ANGELMAN-SYNDROME; HUMAN HOMOLOG; MOUSE GENOME; PEG3; REGIONS; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-19; TRANSCRIPTS AB We have carried out an in-depth comparative analysis of a 100-kb genomic interval containing two imprinted genes, PEG3 and ZIM2, using sequences derived from human, mouse, and cow. In all three mammals, ZIM2 is located at a similar genomic distance and in the same orientation relative to PEG3, indicating the basic structural conservation of this imprinted locus. However, several lineage-specific changes have occurred that affect the exon structure and imprinting status of ZIM2. Human ZIM2 and PEG3 share a set of 5' exons and a common promoter, and both genes are paternally expressed. In contrast, mouse and cow Zim2 genes do not share 5' exons with Peg3, and Zim2 employs a separate downstream promoter in both species. The imprinting status of Zim2 is also not conserved among mammals; mouse Zim2 is expressed biallelically in testis but predominantly from the maternal allele in brain, while cow Zim2 is expressed biallelically in testis. The separate transcription of Zim2 and Peg3 and the change in promoter usage and imprinting status appear to have resulted from independent insertional events that have placed unrelated genes, Zim1 and Ast1, respectively, between Zim2 and Peg3 in mouse and cow. Our results suggest that PEG3 and ZIM2 represent the two original genes at this locus and that rearrangements have occurred independently in different mammalian lineages in recent evolutionary times. Our data also suggest that exon-sharing of human PEG3 and ZIM2 was not ancestral, but may represent a fusion event joining, the two neighboring genes and bringing ZIM2 under paternal expression control. These observations are striking in light of the structural and functional conservation that typifies other imprinted domains and suggest that the PEG3/ZIM2 imprinted domain may have evolved in an unusual lineage-specific pattern. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kim16@llnl.gov OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066225, R01-GM66225] NR 26 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL PY 2004 VL 84 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.02.007 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 835CU UT WOS:000222458400005 PM 15203203 ER PT J AU Haile-Selassie, Y Woldegabriel, G White, TD Bernor, RL Degusta, D Renne, PR Hart, WK Vrba, E Stanley, A Howell, FC AF Haile-Selassie, Y Woldegabriel, G White, TD Bernor, RL Degusta, D Renne, PR Hart, WK Vrba, E Stanley, A Howell, FC TI Mio-Pliocene mammals from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia SO GEOBIOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the IGCP Project 421 CY JUN, 2002 CL Oviedo, SPAIN SP Univ Oviedo DE paleontology; geology; mammals; miocene; Middle Awash; Ethiopia ID LATE MIOCENE; STABLE CARBON; EAST-AFRICA; DIETARY ADAPTATIONS; EARLY HOMINID; FAUNAL CHANGE; AFAR RIFT; KENYA; VALLEY; PRIMATES AB The Middle Awash paleontological study area, located in the Afar Rift of Ethiopia, has yielded fossils spanning the last six million years. The geology and geochronology of the Mio-Pliocene sites of the study area have been refined and a reliable chronostratizalraphy has been established by Ar-40/Ar-39 radiometric dating. The latest Miocene Adu-Asa Formation is divided into four members distinguished from each other by silicic and basaltic tuff marker horizons, most of which are dated basaltic tuffs. Radiometric dating has constrained the age of the Adu-Asa Formation to between 5.2-5.8 Ma. These dates are also supported by paleomagnetic results and biochronology. More than 2,000 fossil specimens were collected from the Adu-Asa Formation between 1992 and 2000. These fossils document 64 mammalian species belonging to 32 genera, 23 families, and 8 orders. This assemblage includes a number of new taxa. Included in the assemblage are First and Last Appearance Datums (FADs and LADs) of some groups, including the earliest record of the hominid genus Ardipithecus. Most of the taxa indicate a predominance of mesic and wooded habitat during the deposition of the Adu-Asa Formation. In these deposits, colobines, viverrids, mustelids, bovines, boselaphines, and tragelaphines are abundant, whereas alcelaphines are absent. Quantitative analyses of biogeographic relationships of the Middle Awash Late Miocene (MALM) mammalian fauna indicate stronger relationships with other African sites than with faunas from Eurasian sites. The MALM deposits have generated a critical dataset for analytic work on past environments, biogeographic relationships, and African vertebrate evolution. Moreover, the geographic position of the Middle Awash, coupled with its precise calibration and chronological span, make it a key section for interpreting latest Miocene faunal interchanges between Africa and Eurasia. (C) 2004 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Museum Nat Hist, Phys Anthropol Dept, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, EES, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Human Evolut Studies Lab, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Anat, Lab Evolut Biol, Coll Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Ctr Geochronol, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geol & Geophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anthropol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Haile-Selassie, Y (reprint author), Museum Nat Hist, Phys Anthropol Dept, 1 Wade Oval Dr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM yhailese@cmnh.org NR 110 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0016-6995 EI 1777-5728 J9 GEOBIOS-LYON JI Geobios PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 37 IS 4 BP 536 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.geobios.2003.03.012 PG 17 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 845VC UT WOS:000223272400011 ER PT J AU Frank, MR Fei, YW Hu, JZ AF Frank, MR Fei, YW Hu, JZ TI Constraining the equation of state of fluid H2O to 80 GPa using the melting curve, bulk modulus, and thermal expansivity of Ice VII SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-PRESSURE; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; DENSE H2O; 200 KBAR; SATELLITES; WATER; COMPRESSION; CALIBRATION AB The study presented here sought to determine the PVT properties of Ice VII at elevated temperatures and pressures up to 60 GPa using a Mao-Bell type diamond anvil cell with an external Mo-wire resistance beater. The unit cells of Ice VII and gold were monitored during the experiment with gold being used as an internal pressure calibrant. Additionally, the melting curve of Ice VII was determined to greater than 40 GPa by using the disappearance of the diffraction pattern of Ice VII to monitor melting in the system. The melting curve for Ice VII from 3 to 60 GPa was found to be accurately related by a Simon equation: (P - 2.17)/ 0.764 = (T/355)(4.32) -1 where pressure and temperature are denoted by P (GPa) and T (kelvin), respectively. These results were used further to constrain the PVT properties of fluid H2O at elevated pressures and temperatures by taking the pressure derivative of the Gibbs free energy difference between Ice VII and fluid H2O along the Ice VII melting curve. Comparison of these results suggests that the previously stated equations of state of fluid H2O overestimate the molar volume of fluid H2O at pressures greater than 20 GPa. Although the data presented in this study is not enough to provide an independent EOS for fluid H2O future work should take account of our data. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Frank, MR (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, Davis Hall 312,Normal Rd, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM mfrank@niu.edu RI Fei, Yingwei/F-3709-2011; Frank, Mark/E-6331-2015 OI Fei, Yingwei/0000-0001-9955-5353; NR 34 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 13 BP 2781 EP 2790 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.007 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 831PL UT WOS:000222206700001 ER PT J AU Kukkadapu, RK Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Kennedy, DW AF Kukkadapu, RK Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Kennedy, DW TI Biotransformation of two-line silica-ferrihydrite by a dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium: Formation of carbonate green rust in the presence of phosphate SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; CONTAINING AQUEOUS-MEDIA; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; IRON-OXIDES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; DIAGENETIC IRON; REDUCTION; HYDROXIDE; SORPTION AB The reductive biotransformation of two Si-ferrihydrite coprecipitates (1 and 5 mole % Si) by Shewanella putrefaciens, strain CN32, was investigated in 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid-buffered media (pH similar to7) with lactate as the electron donor. Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, an electron shuttle, was present in the media. Experiments were performed without and with PO43- (P) (1 to 20 mmol/L) in media containing 50 mmol/L Fe. Our objectives were to define the combined effects of SiO4- (Si) and P on the bioreducibility and biominer4 alization of ferrihydrites under anoxic conditions. Iron reduction was measured as a function of time, solids were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy, and aqueous solutions were analyzed for Si, P, Cl- and inorganic carbon. Both of the ferrihydrites were rapidly reduced regardless of the Si and P content. Si concentration had no effect on the reduction rate or mineralization products. Magnetite was formed in the absence of P whereas carbonate green rust GR(CO32-)((Fe(6-x)FexIII)-Fe-II(OH)(12)](x+)(CO32-)(0.5) . yH(2)O) and vivianite [Fe-3(PO4)(2) . 8H(2)O] were formed when P was present. GR(CO32-) dominated as a mineral product in samples with <4 mmol/L P. The Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio of GR(CO32-) varied with P concentration; the ratio was 2 in 1 nimol/L P and approached 1 with 4- and 10 mmol/L P. Green rust appeared to form by solid-state transformation of fenihydrite. Media P and Si concentration dictated the mechanism of transformation. In the 1 mole % Si coprecipitate with 1 mmol/L P, an intermediate Fe(H)/Fe(III) phase with structural Fe(II) slowly transformed to GR with time. In contrast, when ferrihydrite contained more Si (5 mole %) and/or contained higher P (4 mmol/L), sorbed FeQ and residual ferrihydrite together transformed to GR. Despite similar chemistries, P was shown to have a profound effect on extent of ferrihydrite reduction and biotransformations while that of Si was minimal. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kukkadapu, RK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ravi.kukkadapu@pnl.gov OI Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 71 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 13 BP 2799 EP 2814 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.024 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 831PL UT WOS:000222206700003 ER PT J AU Qafoku, NP Ainsworth, CC Szecsody, JE Qafoku, OS AF Qafoku, NP Ainsworth, CC Szecsody, JE Qafoku, OS TI Transport-controlled kinetics of dissolution and precipitation in the sediments under alkaline and saline conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SPENT BAYER LIQUOR; HYPERALKALINE CONDITIONS; CHEMICAL AFFINITY; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS; NITRATE-CANCRINITE; PH; SODALITE; RATES; ALUMINUM; ACID AB Over 1.6 million liters of radioactive, high-temperature, Al-rich, alkaline and saline high-level waste (HLW) fluids were accidentally discharged from tank leaks onto the sediments at the Hanford Site, Washington. In order to better understand processes that might occur during the migration of HLW through sediments and to estimate their extents, we studied the effects of Al-rich, alkaline and saline solutions on soil mineral dissolution and precipitation during reactive transport. Metal- and glass-free systems were used to conduct miscible-displacement experiments at 50 degreesC under CO, and 0, free conditions. Results showed significant release of Si, K, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Ba into the aqueous phase. The transport-controlled release of these elements was time dependent as evidenced by its extent varying with the fluid residence time. Silica initial dissolution rates (6.08 x 10(-11) and 5.38 x 10(-13) mol m(-2) s(-1)) increased with base concentration, decreased with Al concentration, and decreased with fluid residence time. Aluminum precipitation rates varied in the range from 0.44 to 1.07 x 10(-6) mol s(-1) and were faster in these column experiments than in previous batch studies. The initial rate constant of Al precipitation reaction was 0.07 h(-1) (half-life of 9.9 h at about 3 PV); it increased up to 0.137 h(-1) (half-life of 5.1 h at about 20 PV). The precipitates identified with SEM and suggested from the modeling results were mainly NO3-cancrinite. SEM analyses also indicated the formation of sodalite when Al was not present in the leaching solution. In addition, results from modeling suggested the precipitation of brucite, goethite and gibbsite; the latter may precipitate in the presence of high Al concentrations. Aqueous and solid phase transformations caused by base-induced dissolution and subsequent secondary phases precipitation should be important determinants of the fate of contaminants and radionuclides in the vadose zone under alkaline and saline conditions. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Qafoku, NP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM nik.qafoku@pnl.gov OI Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 14 BP 2981 EP 2995 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.017 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 835DP UT WOS:000222460800002 ER PT J AU Rustad, JR Loring, JS Casey, WH AF Rustad, JR Loring, JS Casey, WH TI Oxygen-exchange pathways in aluminum polyoxocations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID H3O2 BRIDGING LIGAND; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES; MOLECULE; SURFACE; WATER; IONS; REACTIVITY; KINETICS AB Using molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure methods, we postulate a mechanism to explain the complicated reactivity trends that are observed for oxygen isotope exchange reactions between sites in aluminum polyoxocations of the epsilon-Keggin type and bulk solution. Experimentally, the molecules have four nonequivalent oxygens that differ considerably in reactivity both within a molecule, and between molecules in the series: Al-13, GaAl12, and GeAl12 [MO4Al12(OH)(24)(H2O)(12)(n+)(aq); with M = Al(III) for Al-13, n = 7; M = Ga(III) for GaAl12, n = 7; M = Ge(IV) for GeAl12, n = 8]. We find that a partly dissociated. metastable intermediate molecule of expanded volume is necessary for exchange of both sets of mu(2)-OH and that the steady-state concentration of this intermediate reflects the bond strengths between the central metal and the mu(4)-O. Thus the central metal exerts extraordinary control over reactions at hydroxyl bridges. although these are three bonds away. This mechanism not only explains the reactivity trends for oxygen isotope exchange in mu(2)-OH and eta-OH2 sites in the epsilon-Keggin aluminum molecules, but also explains the observation that the reactivities, of minerals tend to reflect the presence of highly coordinated oxygens, such as the mu(4)-O in boehmite, alpha-, and gamma-Al2O3 and their Fe(III) analogs. The partial dissociation of these highly coordinated oxygens, coupled with simultaneous activation and displacement of neighboring metal centers, may be a fundamental process by which metals atoms undergo ligand exchanges at mineral surfaces. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rustad, JR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rustad@geology.ucdavis.edu NR 37 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 14 BP 3011 EP 3017 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.021 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 835DP UT WOS:000222460800004 ER PT J AU Berrodier, I Farges, F Benedetti, M Winterer, M Brown, GE Deveughele, M AF Berrodier, I Farges, F Benedetti, M Winterer, M Brown, GE Deveughele, M TI Adsorption mechanisms of trivalent gold on iron- and aluminum-(oxy)hydroxides. Part 1: X-ray absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopic studies of Au(III) adsorbed on ferrihydrite, goethite, and boehmite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; PB(II) SORPTION PRODUCTS; SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; RAIN-FOREST SOILS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SUPERGENE MIGRATION AB Gold adsorption products on powdered ferrihydrite, goethite, and boehmite samples, prepared by reacting Au(III)-Cl solutions ([Au] = 4.2 x 10(-5)-9.0 x 10(-3) M; [Cl] = 0.017-0.6 M) with these adsorbents at pH Values of 4 to 9 and Au adsorption densities ranging from 0.046 to 1.53 mumol/m(2) were characterized using Au-L-III XAFS spectroscopy. The solutions (before and after uptake) were investigated by Raman scattering to determine speciation and by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) to determine solution composition. We present an analysis of several effects that are observed in the Au L-III-edge XAFS spectra, including X-ray beam.-induced photo-reduction, multi-electronic excitations, disorder effects. and multiple scattering, that would complicate interpretation of the spectra if not accounted for. A combination of methods (spectral deconvolution, principal component analysis, spectral inversion, and wavelet analysis) was used to identify and quantify these effects, to characterize the nature of mixed ligands around gold, and to distinguish between multiple-scattering features and features due to next-nearest neighbors in the XAFS spectra. Analysis of the Au-L-III XAFS spectra showed that Au(III) is present as square-planar Au(III)(O,Cl)(4) complexes in the aqueous solutions and on the surfaces of the Al/Fe-(oxy)hydroxide adsorption samples with dominantly 0 ligands at pH > 6 and mixed O/Cl ligands at lower pH values. The EXAFS-derived Au-O and Au-Cl distances are 2.00(2) and 2.28(2) Angstrom, respectively, and the magnitudes of the Debye-Waller factors and third cumulants from anharmonic analyses indicate very little thermal or positional disorder around Au(III) in the adsorption samples. Iron second neighbors are present around An in the Au(III)/ferrihydrite and Au(III)/ Goethite adsorption samples, with Au-Fe distances of 3.1(1) and 3.3(1) Angstrom. In boehmite, two sets of Au-Al distances were detected at 3.0(1) and 3.2(1) Angstrom. A reverse Monte Carlo study of the XAFS spectroscopic data suggests the presence of a continuum of edge-shared AuO4-FeO6 distances, which cannot be described correctly by a classical model of these data in which only a mean distance (although severely under-estimated) is derived. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. ENSMP ENPC UMLV, FRE CNRS 2455, Ctr Geol Ingn, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7047, F-75251 Paris 05, France. Univ Duisberg Essen, Inst Verbrennung & Gasdynam, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. SLAC, Stanford Synchroton Radiat Lab, Moffett Field, CA 94025 USA. RP Farges, F (reprint author), Univ Marne La Vallee, Lab Geomat, F-77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France. EM farges@univ-mlv.fr RI Benedetti, Marc/A-5463-2011; Winterer, Markus/N-2069-2015 OI Benedetti, Marc/0000-0003-1075-8205; NR 93 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 14 BP 3019 EP 3042 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.02.009 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 835DP UT WOS:000222460800005 ER PT J AU Marcus, MA Manceau, A Kersten, M AF Marcus, MA Manceau, A Kersten, M TI Mn, Fe, Zn and As speciation in a fast-growing ferromanganese marine nodule SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; NA-RICH BIRNESSITE; WESTERN BALTIC SEA; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; HEXAGONAL BIRNESSITE; ABSORPTION; SOILS; FERRIHYDRITE; DIFFRACTION; MANGANESE AB The speciation of Mn, Fe, As, and Zn in a fast-growing (0.02mm/yr), shallow-marine, ferromanganese nodule has been examined by micro X-ray fluorescence, micro X-ray diffraction, and micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This nodule exhibits alternating Fe-rich and Mn-rich layers reflecting redox variations in water chemistry. Fe occurs as two-line ferrihydrite. The As is strictly associated with Fe and is mostly pentavalent, with an environment similar to that of As sorbed on or coprecipitated with synthetic ferrihydrite. The Mn is in the form of turbostratic birnessite with similar to10% trivalent manganese in the layers and probably similar to8% corner-sharing metal octahedra in the interlayers. The Zn is enriched on the rim of the nodule, associated with Mn. The Zn is completely (>90%) tetrahedrally coordinated and sorbed in the interlayers of birnessite on vacant layer Mn sites. The Zn and Mn species are similar to ones found in soils, suggesting common structural principles despite the differing formation conditions in these systems. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, LGIT, Environm Geochem Grp, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. Univ Mainz, Inst Geosci, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Marcus, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mamarcus@lbl.gov RI Kersten, Michael/A-1437-2010; Beamline, FAME/G-9313-2012 OI Kersten, Michael/0000-0002-6385-7031; NR 27 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2004 VL 68 IS 14 BP 3125 EP 3136 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.015 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 835DP UT WOS:000222460800012 ER PT J AU Barnard, PL Owen, LA Sharma, MC Finkel, RC AF Barnard, PL Owen, LA Sharma, MC Finkel, RC TI Late quaternary (holocene) landscape evolution of a monsoon-influenced high Himalayan valley, Gori Ganga, Nanda Devi, NE Garhwal SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Garhwal Himalaya; quaternary; terrace and fan development; denudation rates; glaciation ID CENTRAL NEPAL HIMALAYA; NORTHERN INDIA; CLIMATIC CONTROL; PRODUCTION-RATES; LAHUL-HIMALAYA; NANGA PARBAT; PAKISTAN; EROSION; BE-10; DENUDATION AB The Garhwal Himalaya provides an excellent natural laboratory in which to examine landscape evolution in a monsoon-influenced high mountain environment. Geomorphic and sedimentological analysis and Be-10 cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) surface exposure dating of moraines, fans, and river and strath terraces in the God Ganga Valley of Nanda Devi, NE Garhwal, indicate that fans and river terraces developed rapidly by debris flow and flood processes during periods of deglaciation. These phases of high sediment transfer occurred at similar to1 -2, similar to4-5, and similar to7-8 ka. Fan incision rates, subsequent to major times of resedimentation after each glacial advance, are between similar to19 and 57 mm/year. This contrasts with bedrock incision rates, based on mid-Holocene strath terraces, of similar to5 mm/year. These rates indicate that despite episodes of rapid denudation and resedimentation linked to glacial activity in this region, the background rates of denudation are similar to those for other regions of the Himalaya, averaging several millimeters per year. Furthermore, these data show the importance of climatic controls on landscape evolution and suggest,a strong monsoonal control on the dynamics of earth surface processes in this region. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Ctr Study Reg Dev, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Owen, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM lewis.owen@ucr.edu NR 38 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.12.002 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 837JY UT WOS:000222627000007 ER PT J AU Gritto, R Daley, TM Myer, LR AF Gritto, R Daley, TM Myer, LR TI Joint cross-well and single-well seismic studies of CO2 injection in an oil reservoir SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article ID MONTEREY FORMATION; WAVE; ACQUISITION; CALIFORNIA AB A series of time-lapse seismic cross-well and single-well experiments were conducted in a diatomite reservoir to monitor the injection of CO2 into a hydrofracture zone, based on P- and S-wave data. A high-frequency piezo-electric P-wave source and an orbital-vibrator S-wave source were used to generate waves that were recorded by hydrophones as well as 3-component geophones. During the first phase the set of seismic experiments was conducted after the injection of water into the hydrofractured zone. The set of seismic experiments was repeated after a time period of seven months during which CO2 was injected into the hydrofractured zone. The questions to be answered ranged from the detectability of the geological structure in the diatomic reservoir to the detectability of CO2 within the hydrofracture. Furthermore, it was intended to determine which experiment (cross-well or single-well) is best suited to resolve these features. During the pre-injection experiment, the P-wave velocities exhibited relatively low values between 1700 and 1900 m/s, which decreased to 1600-1800 m/s during the post-injection phase (-5%). The analysis of the pre-injection S-wave data revealed slow S-wave velocities between 600 and 800 m/s, while the post-injection data revealed velocities between 500 and 700 m/s (-6%). These velocity estimates produced high Poisson's ratios between 0.36 and 0.46 for this highly porous (similar to50%) material. Differencing post- and pre-injection data revealed an increase in Poisson's ratio of up to 5%. Both velocity and Poisson's ratio estimates indicate the dissolution of CO2 in the liquid phase of the reservoir accompanied by an increase in pore pressure. The single-well data supported the findings of the cross-well experiments. P- and S-wave velocities as well as Poisson's ratios were comparable to the estimates of the cross-well data. The cross-well experiment did not detect the presence of the hydrofracture but appeared to be sensitive to overall changes in the reservoir and possibly the presence of a fault. In contrast, the single-well reflection data revealed an arrival that could indicate the presence of the hydrofracture between the source and receiver wells, while it did not detect the presence of the fault, possibly due to out-of-plane reflections. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gritto, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rgritto@lbl.gov RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 52 IS 4 BP 323 EP 339 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2004.00418.x PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 828KO UT WOS:000221972400006 ER PT J AU Martinez-Meyer, E Townsend Peterson, A Hargrove, WW AF Martinez-Meyer, E Townsend Peterson, A Hargrove, WW TI Ecological niches as stable distributional constraints on mammal species, with implications for Pleistocene extinctions and climate change projections for biodiversity SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate change modelling; ecological niche; extinction; GARP; geographical distribution; Pleistocene; mammals; North America ID EUROPEAN HIGHER-PLANTS; UNITED-STATES; HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON STORAGE; CHANGE IMPACTS; GREAT-BASIN; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB Aim Theoretical work suggests that species' ecological niches should remain relatively constant over long-term ecological time periods, but empirical tests are few. We present longitudinal studies of 23 extant mammal species, modelling ecological niches and predicting geographical distributions reciprocally between the Last Glacial Maximum and present to test this evolutionary conservatism. Location This study covered distributional shifts in mammal species across the lower 48 states of the United States. Methods We used a machine-learning tool for modelling species' ecological niches, based on known occurrences and electronic maps summarizing ecological dimensions, to assess the ability of ecological niches as modelled in one time period to predict the geographical distribution of the species in another period, and vice versa. Results High intertemporal predictivity between niche models and species' occurrences indicate that niche conservatism is widespread among the taxa studied, particularly when statistical power is considered as a reason for failure of reciprocal predictions. Niche projections to the present for 8 mammal taxa that became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene generally increased in area, and thus do not support the hypothesis of niche collapse as a major driving force in their extinction. Main conclusions Ecological niches represent long-term stable constraints on the distributional potential of species; indeed, this study suggests that mammal species have tracked consistent climate profiles throughout the drastic climate change events that marked the end of the Pleistocene glaciations. Many current modelling efforts focusing on anticipating climate change effects on species' potential geographical distributions will be bolstered by this result - in essence, the first longitudinal demonstration of niche conservatism. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Martinez-Meyer, E (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Dept Zool, Tercer Circuito Exterior S-N,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM emm@ibiologica.unam.mx RI Martinez-Meyer, Enrique/B-1464-2008; OI Martinez-Meyer, Enrique/0000-0003-1184-9264; Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 69 TC 245 Z9 252 U1 3 U2 73 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1466-822X.2004.00107.x PG 10 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 831EH UT WOS:000222175600003 ER PT J AU Abushakra, B Walker, LS Sherman, MH AF Abushakra, B Walker, LS Sherman, MH TI Compression effects on pressure loss in flexible HVAC ducts SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of compression on pressure drop inflexible, spiral wire helix core ducts used in residential and light commercial applications. Ducts of 6, 8, and 10 in. (150, 200, and 250 mm) nominal diameters were tested under different compression configurations following ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 120-1999, Methods of Testing to Determine Flow Resistance of HVAC Air Ducts and Fittings. The results showed that the available published references tend to underestimate the effects of compression. The study demonstrated that moderate compression in flexible ducts, typical of that often seen in field installations, could increase the pressure drop by a factor of four, while further compression could increase the pressure drop by factors close to ten. The results proved that the pressure drop correction factor for compressed ducts cannot be independent of the duct size, as suggested by ASHRAE Fundamentals; therefore, a new relationship was developed for better quantification of the pressure drop inflexible ducts. This study also suggests potential improvements to ASKRAE Standard 120-1999 and provides new data for duct design. C1 Milwaukee Sch Engn, Architectural Engn & Bldg Construct Dept, Milwaukee, WI USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Energy Performance Bldg Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Abushakra, B (reprint author), Milwaukee Sch Engn, Architectural Engn & Bldg Construct Dept, Milwaukee, WI USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 10 IS 3 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.1080/10789669.2004.10391104 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 833FZ UT WOS:000222323300004 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, A AF Fitzpatrick, A TI Two Russian computing archives SO IEEE ANNALS OF THE HISTORY OF COMPUTING LA English DT News Item C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM afitzpatrick@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1058-6180 J9 IEEE ANN HIST COMPUT JI IEEE Ann. Hist. Comput. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 26 IS 3 BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science GA 848CW UT WOS:000223445800009 ER PT J AU Chylek, P Borel, C Davis, AB Bender, S Augustine, J Hodges, G AF Chylek, Petr Borel, Christoph Davis, Anthony B. Bender, Steven Augustine, John Hodges, Gary TI Effect of Broken Clouds on Satellite-Based Columnar Water Vapor Retrieval SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Broken clouds; remote sensing; satellite; water vapor AB We investigate the effect of broken clouds on the satellite-based retrieval of columnar water vapor using a near-infrared radiance ratio technique. A typical difference between the retrieval using only pixels directly illuminated by the sun and pixels with mixed illumination containing direct sunlight as well as cloud shadows is found to be within 3%. C1 [Chylek, Petr; Borel, Christoph; Davis, Anthony B.; Bender, Steven] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chylek, Petr] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 87545 USA. [Augustine, John] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hodges, Gary] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chylek, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chylek@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2004.830611 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA V23EE UT WOS:000208325300007 ER PT J AU Frincke, D Bishop, M AF Frincke, D Bishop, M TI Back to school SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cybersecur Grp, Richland, WA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Comp Secur Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Frincke, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cybersecur Grp, Richland, WA USA. EM frincke@pnl.gov; bishop@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 54 EP 56 DI 10.1109/MSP.2004.35 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 907LC UT WOS:000227718600014 ER PT J AU Mason, J AF Mason, J TI Algebraic two-satellite TOA/FOA position solution on an ellipsoidal earth SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Letter ID GEOLOCATION AB A direct algebraic solution is given for estimates of the ambiguous locations of an RF emitter on the surface of an ellipsoidal Earth given time-of-arrival (TOA) and frequency-of-arrival (FOA) measurements at two satellites. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Radar & Signal Anal Dept 2344, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mason, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Radar & Signal Anal Dept 2344, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jjmason@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 3 BP 1087 EP 1092 DI 10.1109/TAES.2004.1337476 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 867ZW UT WOS:000224882600024 ER PT J AU Waldschmidt, G Taflove, A AF Waldschmidt, G Taflove, A TI Three-dimensional CAD-based mesh generator for the Dey-Mittra conformal FDTD algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE conformal method; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD); mesh generation ID EQUATIONS AB It is well-known that the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is subject to significant errors due to the staircasing of surfaces that are not precisely aligned with major grid planes. Dey and Mittra introduced a locally conformal method (D-FDTD) that has shown substantial gains in the accuracy of modeling arbitrary surfaces in the FDTD grid. A mesh generator for this purpose was reported by Yu and Mittra. In this paper, we present the formulation and validation of an alternative CAD-based mesh generator for D-FDTD that has improved capabilities for arbitrary three-dimensional (3-D) perfect electric conductor (PEC) geometries. This mesh generator is capable of importing AutoCad and ProE files of 3-D PEC scatterers and resonators. It can reduce the required FDTD grid resolution by up to 4:1 in each Cartesian direction in 3-D relative to conventional staircased FDTD models when modeling cavity resonances of complex PEC structures such as twisted waveguides. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, McCormick Sch Engn, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Waldschmidt, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM waldschm@aps.anl.gov RI Taflove, Allen/B-7275-2009 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1658 EP 1664 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.831334 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 837KV UT WOS:000222629700004 ER PT J AU Chambers, DH Berryman, JG AF Chambers, DH Berryman, JG TI Analysis of the time-reversal operator for a small spherical scatterer in an electromagnetic field SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE operator; scattering; singular value decomposition (SVD); sphere; time-reversal ID ACOUSTICS; DECOMPOSITION AB The time-reversal operator (TRO) for a planar array of crossed dipole elements illuminating a small conducting and/or dielectric sphere is investigated in order to determine the general properties of an electromagnetic time-reversing array system. The behavior of such a system for a given frequency is analyzed by studying the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the TRO. Each eigenvector specifies a set of complex driving currents for the array elements that produce received voltages that are proportional to the conjugates of the drive currents. The proportionality constant is equal to the square root of the associated eigenvalue and is the same for all elements. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be determined by performing a singular value decomposition (SVD) on the multistatic data matrix of the array. The eigenvalues of the TRO are the squares of the singular values, and the eigenvectors are identical to the singular vectors. We have shown that the maximum number of singular vectors associated with the sphere is equal to the number of orthogonal orientations of the dipole moments induced in the sphere when irradiated by the array, so there is a maximum of six for a conducting sphere but only three are significant when the conductivity is small and the sphere may be considered being just a dielectric. Numerical results are presented for linear and circular arrays to show the general behavior of the system. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chambers, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chambers2@linl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 19 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1729 EP 1738 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.831323 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 837KV UT WOS:000222629700012 ER PT J AU Konofaos, N Evangelou, EK Wang, Z Helmersson, U AF Konofaos, N Evangelou, EK Wang, Z Helmersson, U TI Properties of Al-SrTiO3-ITO capacitors for microelectronic device applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE barium titanate; electrical properties; high-kappa dielectrics; indium tin oxide (ITO); metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors; sputtering thin films ID SRTIO3 THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; LEAKAGE CURRENT; GIGABIT ERA; SCALE DRAMS; (BA,SR)TIO3; OXIDE; SI; DIELECTRICS; RELIABILITY AB Growth of SrTiO3 (STO) thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates took place by RF magnetron sputtering under various deposition conditions. Subsequent Al metallization created metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. The properties of such capacitors were investigated by means of structural and electrical measurements, revealing the films transparency, the dielectric constant, the switching time characteristics, and the trapped charges density. Dielectric constant values as high as 120 were obtained for low frequencies of around 2 kHz, the switching time was found to be 3.2 mus and the trapped charges were found equal to 2.9 nCcm(-2). The results showed that the films were suitable for use in electronic devices where high capacitance is required and for potential applications in optical devices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Patras, Comp Engn & Informat Dept, Patras 26500, Greece. INFM, Lab MDM, I-20041 Agrate Brianza, MI, Italy. Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Konofaos, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM nkonofao@ceid.upatras.gr RI Helmersson, Ulf/B-6060-2008; Konofaos, Nikos/A-9410-2012; Evangelou, Evangelos/J-7038-2012 OI Helmersson, Ulf/0000-0002-1744-7322; Konofaos, Nikos/0000-0003-2949-1184; Evangelou, Evangelos/0000-0002-3295-3151 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 2004 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1202 EP 1205 DI 10.1109/TED.2004.829900 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 832PK UT WOS:000222279200026 ER PT J AU Chiu, LY Diong, B Gemmen, RS AF Chiu, LY Diong, B Gemmen, RS TI An improved small-signal model of the dynamic behavior of PEM fuel cells SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE dynamic response; Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells; small-signal model AB The dynamic behavior of a fuel cell is integral to the overall stability and performance of the power system formed by the fuel supply, fuel cell stack, power conditioner, and electrical load. Present-day fuel cells have transient (dynamic) responses that are much slower than the responses of the typical power conditioner and load to which they are attached. This disparity has significant implications on the overall power system design. In particular, some form of energy storage with adequate quick charge/discharge capability is usually needed to provide firm power backup during electrical load increases. This paper describes an effort to improve the small-signal modeling of a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell's dynamic behavior as an initial step toward prescribing internal design modifications and/or external controller designs to improve its transient behavior. Such improvements will allow for reduced energy storage while increasing the number of suitable storage technology options. Simulation results obtained from the proposed model are presented along with corresponding test results, which show generally good agreement with each other and indicate that this model is to be preferred to another one. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. US DOE, Commbust & Engine Dynam Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Chiu, LY (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. EM Chiu_L_Y@yahoo.com; bdiong@ece.utep.edu; randall.gemmen@netl.doe.gov NR 7 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 970 EP 977 DI 10.1109/TIA.2004.830746 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 838PO UT WOS:000222725500007 ER PT J AU Wang, NN Hauser, H O'Donnell, T Brunet, M McCloskey, P O'Mathuna, SC AF Wang, NN Hauser, H O'Donnell, T Brunet, M McCloskey, P O'Mathuna, SC TI Modeling of high-frequency micro-transformers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE dynamic model; efficiency; micro-transformers ID RESISTANCE; INDUCTOR; CORE AB A dynamic model has been developed to predict the efficiency of a micro-transformer, operating at 5 MHz. The model includes a core hysteresis model, core eddy current model and winding copper loss model. Measurements and finite element analysis were carried out in order to validate the model. C1 NMRC, Cork, Ireland. Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP NMRC, Cork, Ireland. EM nwang@nmrc.ie; hans.hauser@tuwien.ac.at; todonnel@nmrc.ie; magali.brunet2@laposte.net; pmcclosk@nmrc.ucc.ie; omathuna@nmrc.ie OI O'Donnell, Terence/0000-0002-2824-7107 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2014 EP 2016 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.832174 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700008 ER PT J AU Brown, G Schulthess, TC Apalkov, DM Visscher, PB AF Brown, G Schulthess, TC Apalkov, DM Visscher, PB TI Flexible fast multipole method for magnetic simulations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE distributed algorithms; fast multipole method; generic programming AB The public-domain psi-Mag toolset uses generic-programming techniques to provide the computational magnetic-materials community an excellent opportunity for code reuse without loss of efficiency. psi-Mag provides a flexible implementation of the fast multipole method (FMM) for dipole-dipole calculations that does not depend on the geometry of the problem and is suitable for high-performance, parallel computers. Theoretically, the execution time for such a calculation should grow only linearly with the number of spins, and this is confirmed here for up to order 105 spins. In addition, the implementation efficiently uses a large number of processors. For a test case of 64000 dipoles, the measured speedup is over 25 for 40 processors on a four-processor-per-node IBM SP; this compares quite favorably with less-flexible FMM implementations. The generic implementation allows for easy changes of the basis functions used to expand potentials specific to particular applications, facilitating direct comparison of different approaches. Here, the traditional spherical-harmonic expansions are compared to Cartesian expansions which reflect the cubic symmetries of meshes used in typical micromagnetic simulations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Computat Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM browngrg@csit.fsu.edu; schulthesstc@ornl.gov RI Brown, Gregory/F-7274-2016; OI Brown, Gregory/0000-0002-7524-8962; Visscher, Pieter/0000-0002-3457-4593 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2146 EP 2148 DI 10.1109/tmag.2004.829023 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700052 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M AF Beleggia, M TI A Fourier-space approach for the computation of magnetostatic interactions between arbitrarily shaped particles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE Fourier transforms; magnetic anisotropy; magnetostatics AB A new formalism has been developed to describe the magnetostatic energy associated with particles of arbitrary shape and magnetization state. The formalism relies on a Fourier space description of the particle shape, through the so-called shape amplitude, which can be used to obtain explicit expressions for the demagnetization tensor field, magnetic field, magnetic induction and magnetostatic energy of a particle for a given magnetization state. Moreover, the interaction energy between particles, located at arbitrary positions in space, which may have different shapes and magnetization states can also be computed. These results may contribute to a deeper understanding of magnetostatic coupling in nanostructures and of the role of shape anisotropy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Beleggia, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM beleggia@bnl.gov OI Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2149 EP 2151 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.830214 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700053 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZG Kang, KG Suzuki, T AF Zhang, ZG Kang, KG Suzuki, T TI Magnetic properties of granular-type FePt-MgO perpendicular recording media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE activation volume; FePt; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic recording media AB Granular-type FePt films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are fabricated onto glass substrates by annealing FePt/MgO multilayer films. The uniaxial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant (K-u) and the activation volume (V*) are obtained by fitting the remanent coercivity as a function of the applied field waiting time using the Sharrock's formula for oriented magnetic grain assembly. K-u increases with annealing temperature and annealing time, as a result of the enhanced chemical ordering in L1(0) phase FePt grains. V* tends to decrease with annealing time revealing the FePt grain separation process by the MgO matrix with annealing. By modifying the initial FePt/MgO multilayer structure and annealing condition, the optimized FePt-MgO film shows a high K. and a small V* value. C1 Toyota Technol Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4688511, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, ZG (reprint author), Toyota Technol Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4688511, Japan. EM zhan@toyota-ti.ac.jp; kkang@bnl.gov; tsuzuki@toyota-ti.ac.jp NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2455 EP 2457 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.830218 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700154 ER PT J AU Thiele, JU Maat, S Robertson, JL Fullerton, EE AF Thiele, JU Maat, S Robertson, JL Fullerton, EE TI Magnetic and structural properties of FePt-FeRh exchange spring films for thermally assisted magnetic recording media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE iron alloys; magnetic recording; magnetization reversal; thin films ID OPTICAL-DATA STORAGE; THIN-FILMS; ALLOY; TRANSMISSION AB Recently a novel media structure for thermally assisted magnetic recording was proposed consisting of a layer of FePt exchange coupled to a FeRh layer. The FePt forms a high magnetocrystalline anisotropy, high coercivity ferromagnetic layer. The FeRh layer is antiferromagnetic at room temperature, but upon heating above a transition temperature becomes ferromagnetic with a large magnetic moment and low magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The coupled ferromagnetic FePt and FeRh layers form an exchange-spring system significantly lowering the coercive field of the composite system compared to a single layer of FePt. This feature opens intriguing possibilities for media applications for thermally assisted magnetic recording where the ferromagnetic phase of FeRh is exploited to help write the media while the low-temperature antiferromagnetic phase supports the long-term stability. Here temperature-dependent structural and magnetic measurements of undoped and doped FeRh single layer and FePt-FeRh bilayer films are presented and the promises and challenges of the exchange spring media structure are discussed. C1 Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thiele, JU (reprint author), Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. EM Jan-Ulrich.Thiele@hast.com; stefan.maat@hgst.com; robertsonjl@oml.gov; eric.fullerton@hgst.com RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 38 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2537 EP 2542 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.829325 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700179 ER PT J AU Yan, QY Gambino, RJ Baumberger, E Lewis, LH Sampath, S AF Yan, QY Gambino, RJ Baumberger, E Lewis, LH Sampath, S TI Exchange bias in plasma-sprayed MnZn ferrite SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE exchange bias; MnZn ferrite; plasma-spray ID ANISOTROPY AB The antiferromagnetic phase FeO (wustite) forms in plasma-sprayed MnZn ferrites from pure spinel phase powder. An exchange bias is observed in hysteresis loops of both ferrite coatings and single splats; the exchange bias decreases and disappears with annealing. X-ray diffraction indicates that the wustite FeO changes to hematite Fe2O3 upon annealing. Annealing-induced cation ordering and diffusion influence the ferrite magnetic properties by increasing the saturation magnetization and decreasing the coercivity. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yan, QY (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM qiyan@ic.sunysb.edu; rgambino@ms.cc.sunysb.edu; ebaumger@ic.sunysb.edu; lhlewis@BNL.gov; sanjay.sampath@sunysb.edu RI Yan , Qingyu/A-2237-2011 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2787 EP 2789 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.829295 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700260 ER PT J AU Haskel, D Lang, J Islam, Z Srajer, G Cross, J Canfield, PC AF Haskel, D Lang, J Islam, Z Srajer, G Cross, J Canfield, PC TI Beyond element-specific magnetism: Resolving inequivalent Nd crystal sites in Nd2Fe14B SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE anisotropy; anomalous scattering; circular polarization; crystal fields; inequivalent crystal sites; magnetic circular dichroism; resonant magnetic scattering; XMCD ID POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCHANGE SCATTERING; Y2FE14B AB We show how basic crystallography can be combined with resonant scattering of circularly polarized (CP) X-rays to extract element- and site-specific magnetism in crystals. This is achieved by combining the inherent element specificity of resonance scattering with the symmetry properties of the crystal, which results in enhanced/suppressed scattering amplitudes from certain lattice sites under particular diffraction conditions. We used this method to measure the magnetic response of inequivalent Nd sites in Nd2Fe14B single crystal (4f and 4g sites in Wyckoff notation) through the crystal's magnetization reversal at room temperature and through the spin reorientation transition at lower temperatures. This approach might prove very valuable in studies of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in complex materials with multiple elements and crystal sites. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, Pacific NW Consortium, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Haskel, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM haskel@aps.anl.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2874 EP 2876 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.832675 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700288 ER PT J AU Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ Chen, Z Ma, BM Miller, MK AF Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ Chen, Z Ma, BM Miller, MK TI Behavior of Nb atoms in Nb substituted Nd2Fe14B nanocrystalline alloys investigated by atom probe tomography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE atom probe tomography; nanocrystalline; niobium; permanent magnets ID PERMANENT-MAGNETS; NANOCOMPOSITE MAGNETS; ND; FE AB The behavior of Nb atoms in Nd12Fe82-xB6Nbx (x = 0 to 3) nanocrystalline alloys has been investigated by using atom probe tomography (APT) technique on near-atomic scale in the present paper. Three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analyses on the Nb substituted alloys clearly reveal that Nb atoms are enriched at grain boundaries with a peak concentration about 4 times higher than the average for Nd2Fe14B grains. A grain boundary region with a chemical composition near the Nb: Fe: B stoichiometry of 3: 3: 5 is also measured for the x = 3 alloy. The results provide direct evidence of microstructural refinement due to solute drag of Nb atoms during solidification, resulting in Nb enrichment at grain boundaries and possibly the formation of a Nb-rich interfacial phase which give rise to enhanced magnetic properties. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Magnequench Technol Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, YQ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yqwu@ameslab.gov; mjkramer@ameslab.gov; zchen@mqii.com; baominma@mqii.com; millennk@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2886 EP 2888 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.829018 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700292 ER PT J AU Tang, W Dennis, KW Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ Anderson, IE McCallum, RW AF Tang, W Dennis, KW Wu, YQ Kramer, MJ Anderson, IE McCallum, RW TI Studies of new YDy-Based R2Fe14B magnets for high temperature performance (R = Y+Dy+Nd) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE magnetocrystalline anisotropy; melting spinning; permanent magnets; rare earth materials and compounds ID MAGNETIZATION; ANISOTROPY AB The effect of Nd substitution on microstructure and magnetic properties in [Nd-x(YDy)(0.5(1-x))](2.2)Fe14B ribbons melt-spun at 22 m/s has been systematically studied. As-spun ribbons with low Nd content consist of 2: 17 and 2: 14: 1 phases in an amorphous matrix, while as-spun ribbons with high Nd contain 2: 14: 1 and Fe phases in the amorphous matrix. After annealing at 700 degreesC for 15 min, all of the ribbons exhibit only a single 2: 14: 1 phase in their X-ray diffraction patterns. Nd substitution can improve the maximum energy product of annealed ribbons but deteriorate the temperature stability of the ribbons. Increasing Nd (x) from 0 to 0.8, decreases coercivity from 22 to 13.5 kOe, but increases the maximum energy product from 5.87 to 11.2 MGOe. The temperature coefficients for remanence and coercivity increase from -0.045 degreesC to -0.106 %/degreesC, and -0.306 to -0.38 %/degreesC, respectively for the same substitution range. Transmission electron microscope microstructures show that the samples with less Nd content exhibit a more uniform distribution of grains. Their average grain size is about 40 nm. The studied results show that the YDy-based R2Fe14B magnets are very promising for high-temperature performance. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tang, W (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM weitang@ameslab.gov; dennis@ameslab.gov; yqwu@ameslab.gov; mjkramer@ameslab.gov; andersoni@ameslab.gov; mccallum@ameslab.gov NR 6 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2907 EP 2909 DI 10.1009/TMAG.2004.829014 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700299 ER PT J AU Hsiao, A Aich, S Lewis, LH Shield, JE AF Hsiao, A Aich, S Lewis, LH Shield, JE TI Magnetization processes in melt-spun Sm-Co-based alloys with the TbCu7-type structure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE anisotropy; permanent magnet; rapid solidification; remanence enhancement; SmCo alloys ID MAGNETS AB The initial magnetization processes in melt-spun Sm-Co alloys with remanent ratios above 0.7 have been studied. Alloys of (Sm(1/(6+x)Co(5+x)/(6+x))(94)Nb3C3 (x = 0.67, 1.7, 2.3 and 3) alloys modified with Nb and C were melt spun at wheel speeds of 20 and 40 m/s, and the compositions span the range between the Sm2Co17 and SmCo5 stoichiometries. Structurally, all alloys formed in the TbCu7-type structure, although a small amount of Sm2Co7 was observed in Sm-rich samples, and a small amount of fee Co formed in Co-rich samples. From transmission electron microscopy analysis, grain sizes typically ranged from 100 to 500 nm, and the grains were randomly oriented. The as-spun ribbons had remanence ratios of 0.7 and coercivity values ranging from 3 to 18 kOe. The initial magnetization curves showed a steep linear response to the applied field for all samples, suggesting that nucleation-controlled processes dominate the magnetization process. In addition, the initial susceptibility decreased with increasing Sm content, reflecting the anisotropy differences between SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 compounds. The initial susceptibility also increased with increasing wheel speed, suggesting that the microstructure has important ramifications on the magnetization process as well. C1 Union Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Mech Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hsiao, A (reprint author), Union Coll, Dept Mech Engn, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. EM hsiaoa@union.edu; sham_04@hotmail.com; lhlewis@bnl.gov; jshield2@unl.edu NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2913 EP 2915 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.832118 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700301 ER PT J AU Hauser, H Grossinger, R Kupferling, M AF Hauser, H Grossinger, R Kupferling, M TI Microstructure and hysteresis model parameters of hard magnetic ferrites SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference/ International Magnetics Conference CY JAN 05-09, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA DE Ba ferrite particles; hysteresis modeling; Sr ferrite grains; uniaxial anisotropy ID FIELD AB The hysteresis in anisotropic Sr ferrite grains and Ba ferrite particles is described by statistical magnetization reversal behavior using phenomenological parameters. Consequently, these parameters are related to spontaneous magnetization, anisotropy, and microstructure geometry, using dimensionless microscopic constants. C1 Tech Univ Vienna, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hauser, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Vienna, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM Hans.Hauser@TUwien.ac.at; roland.groessinger@tuwien.ac.at NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 BP 2949 EP 2951 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2004.832668 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 848DE UT WOS:000223446700313 ER PT J AU Pinar, A Hendrickson, B AF Pinar, A Hendrickson, B TI Interprocessor communication with limited memory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE interprocessor communication; dynamic load balancing; data migration; scheduling; NP-completeness; approximation algorithms AB Many parallel applications require periodic redistribution of workloads and associated data. In a distributed memory computer, this redistribution can be difficult if limited memory is available for receiving messages. We propose a model for optimizing the exchange of messages under such circumstances which we call the minimum phase remapping problem. We first show that the problem is NP-Complete, and then analyze several methodologies for addressing it. First, we show how the problem can be phrased as an instance of multicommodity flow. Next, we study a continuous approximation to the problem. We show that this continuous approximation has a solution which requires at most two more phases than the optimal discrete solution, but the question of how to consistently obtain a good discrete solution from the continuous problem remains open. We also devise a simple and practical approximation algorithm for the problem with a bound of 1.5 times the optimal number of phases. We also present an empirical study of variations of our algorithms which indicate that our approaches are quite practical. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pinar, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 50F, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM apinar@lbl.gov; bah@cs.sandia.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 7 BP 606 EP 616 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2004.22 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 822BM UT WOS:000221509400003 ER PT J AU Bremer, PT Edelsbrunner, H Hamann, B Pascucci, V AF Bremer, PT Edelsbrunner, H Hamann, B Pascucci, V TI A topological hierarchy for functions on triangulated surfaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Visualization 2003 Conference CY OCT 19-24, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph, ACM SIGGRAPH DE critical point theory; Morse-Smale complex; terrain data; simplification; multiresolution data structure ID SIMPLIFICATION; INTERPOLATION AB We combine topological and geometric methods to construct a multiresolution representation for a function over a two-dimensional domain. In a preprocessing stage, we create the Morse-Smale complex of the function and progressively simplify its topology by cancelling pairs of critical points. Based on a simple notion of dependency among these cancellations, we construct a hierarchical data structure supporting traversal and reconstruction operations similarly to traditional geometry-based representations. We use this data structure to extract topologically valid approximations that satisfy error bounds provided at runtime. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Computing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Computing, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tbremer@ucdavis.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [2 P20 MH60975-06A2] NR 37 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 10 IS 4 BP 385 EP 396 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2004.3 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 817XF UT WOS:000221209500003 PM 18579967 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Ji, HF Snow, D Sterling, R Brown, GM AF Zhang, YF Ji, HF Snow, D Sterling, R Brown, GM TI A pH sensor based on a microcantilever coated with intelligent hydrogel SO INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pH sensor; microcantilever; hydrogel; swelling property ID POLYMER GELS; CANTILEVER ARRAY; RESONANCE; COLLAPSE AB Hydrogels that contain different amounts of amino groups were used to modify microcantilevers for the pH measurements. These microcantilevers deflected upon exposure to various pH solutions due to the swelling and shrinking of the hydrogels. The microcantilever deflection, as a function of pH, is nearly linear in a wide pH range. A significant 1000 nm/pH bending response was observed from a Gel-4 coated microcantilever, which could be used for precise pH measurements. Such hydrogel coated microcantilevers could potentially be used to prepare microcantilever chemical and biological sensors when molecular recognition agents are immobilized into the polymer. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Trenchless Ctr, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ji, HF (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. EM hji@chem.latech.edu OI Sterling, Raymond/0000-0003-0587-9459 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-9149 J9 INSTRUM SCI TECHNOL JI Instrum. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1081/CI-120037668 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 845LC UT WOS:000223243100002 ER PT J AU Deevi, SC Liaw, PK Nieh, TG Chung, YW AF Deevi, SC Liaw, PK Nieh, TG Chung, YW TI Special issue - Intermetallic and advanced metallic materials Materials - A symposium dedicated to Dr. C.T. Liu, 3-6 March 2003, San diego, CA, USA - Preface SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Philip Morris Inc, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RP Deevi, SC (reprint author), Philip Morris Inc, 4201 Commerce Rd, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. EM seetharama.c.deevi@pmusa.com RI Chung, Yip-Wah/B-7506-2009; Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 683 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.05.006 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900001 ER PT J AU Supatarawanich, V Johnson, DR Liu, CT AF Supatarawanich, V Johnson, DR Liu, CT TI Oxidation behavior of multiphase Mo-Si-B alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE multiphase intermetallics; silicides, various; oxidation ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MICROSTRUCTURE; SYSTEM AB The oxidation behavior of multiphase Mo, Mo3Si, and Mo5SiB2 (T2) alloys was examined at 800 and 1300 degreesC. The alloys were cast and heat treated at 1600 degreesC before the cyclic oxidation tests were performed. The compositions of the alloys with SUB ratios of 0.5, 0.71, and 1.0 were chosen near the L = (Mo) + T2 eutectic trough to produce a fine dispersion of the different phases. The multiphase alloys showed poor oxidation resistance at 800 degreesC while a protective glass scale formed at 1300 degreesC. At 800 degreesC the oxidation resistance improved as the volume fraction of the T2 phase increased. Conversely, at 1300 degreesC, the glass scaled that formed on the alloys with a SUB ratio of 0.5 was not protective. However, a protective glass scale did form on the alloys with a higher SUB ratio. The near eutectic alloy with a SUB = 1 was found to have the best oxidation resistance at 1300 degreesC. The results indicate the Mo3Si phase provides a source of silicon for controlling the composition of the glass scale at 1300 degreesC. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Supatarawanich, V (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM supatarv@purdue.edu NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 721 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.011 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900008 ER PT J AU Hsiung, LM Schwartz, AJ Nieh, TG AF Hsiung, LM Schwartz, AJ Nieh, TG TI In situ TEM observations of interface sliding and migration in a refined lamellar TiAl alloy SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE titanium aluminides, based on TiAl; plastic deformation mechanisms; powder metallurgy; defects : dislocation geometry and; arrangement; electron microscopy, transmission ID DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURES; DISLOCATIONS AB The stability of lamellar interfaces in lamellar TiAl by straining at ambient temperatures has been investigated using in situ straining techniques performed in a transmission electron microscope in order to obtain direct evidence to support the previously proposed creep mechanisms in refined lamellar TiAl based upon the interface sliding in association with the cooperative motion of interfacial dislocations. The results have revealed that both sliding and migration of lamellar interfaces can take place as a result of the cooperative motion of interfacial dislocations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Directorate L352, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hsiung, LM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Directorate L352, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hsiungl@llnl.gov RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.012 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900009 ER PT J AU Hodge, AM Nieh, TG AF Hodge, AM Nieh, TG TI Evaluating abrasive wear of amorphous alloys using nanoscratch technique SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE glasses, metallic; tribological properties; wear-resistant applications ID AL-NI-CU; METALLIC GLASSES; BEHAVIOR; RESISTANCE; DEFORMATION; FRICTION AB The hardness and elastic modulus of several Zr, Pd, Cu, and La-based amorphous alloys were investigated using nanoindentation. Abrasive wear of these alloys was also evaluated and compared using nanoscratch techniques under a ramping load. Damage caused by scratching was examined using SEM. Material pile-up took place in all scratched samples, but to different degrees. The scratched surface was observed to be significantly different for alloys with different compositions. A modified Archard equation was derived for the ramping load test. It was found that the wear resistance of amorphous alloys does not follow the classical Archard equation, i.e. the wear resistance is not linearly proportional to the hardness. This discrepancy was suggested to be a result of different wear mechanisms operating in different materials. The wear resistance of a Pd-based alloy was found to be independent of scratch speed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hodge, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 880,L-350, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hodge4@llnl.gov RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 741 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900011 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF AF Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF TI Alloy design of intermetallics for protective scale formation and for use as precursors for complex ceramic phase surfaces SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE oxidation; alloy design; thin films; magnetic applications; catalysis ID TI-AL-O; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; GAMMA-TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; CR ALLOYS; PRECIPITATE DISSOLUTION; NITRIDE CHEMISTRY; 2-PHASE ALLOYS; BINARY-ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; AIR AB This paper highlights some evolving new design approaches to developing intermetallic alloys capable of protective scale formation and/or for their use as precursors for functional complex ceramic phase surface synthesis. The unique characteristics of intermetallics present challenges to achieving protective scale formation, but also offer the potential for leveraging novel phenomena not generally observed in conventional alloys. Examples will be drawn from the oxidation of aluminides (Fe3Al, Nb2Al, NbAl3, Ti3Al, TiAl), silicides (MoSi2, Mo5Si3, Mo-Si-B, Ti5Si3) and Laves phases (Cr2Nb, Cr2Ta, Nb(Cr,Al)(2), Ti(Cr,Al)(2)). Recent work also suggests that intermetallics can be used as precursors for the synthesis of functional complex ceramic phase surfaces by gas-metal reactions (oxidation, nitridation, carburization, etc.). The potential for using such reaction phenomena to synthesize layered or composite surfaces of ternary nitrides (carbides, borides, etc.) of technological interest such as Ti3AlC2, bimetallic nitride and carbide catalysts (e.g. Co3Mo3N or Co3Mo3C), and magnetic rare earth nitrides (Fe17Sm2Nx or Fe17Nd2Nx), from intermetallic precursors is discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@oml.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008; Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747; NR 92 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 779 EP 789 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.019 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900016 ER PT J AU Sikka, VK Santella, ML Angelini, P Mengel, J Petrusha, R Martocci, AP Pankiw, RI AF Sikka, VK Santella, ML Angelini, P Mengel, J Petrusha, R Martocci, AP Pankiw, RI TI Large-scale manufacturing of nickel aluminide transfer rolls for steel austenitizing furnaces SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE nickel aluminides, based on Ni3Al; casting (including segregation); joining (welding, brazing, diffusion-bonding etc.); furnace furniture, including heating elements ID BORON; NI3AL; FEAL AB This paper describes the first large-scale manufacturing of nickel aluminide IC-221M into roll bodies for the production of steel hardening furnace. One hundred and ten roll bodies were produced at Duraloy Technologies using the conventional foundry practice. Since it was the first manufacturing of this magnitude, foundry personnel were given special training with the melting of IC-221M by the Exo-Melt(TM) process and hands-on training with the welding process. Large-scale manufacturing produced 220 automated welds between nickel aluminide and H-Series trunnions, which is the largest number of welds ever produced in an intermetallic alloy. The manufacturing process for 110 rolls was completed in nearly four months and the rolls have been operating successfully in the production furnace for six months. Use of the Exo-Melt(TM) process for melting, automatic welding process, and successful completion of this project opens the opportunity for broader application of nickel aluminide rolls for steel hardening furnaces. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ISG, Chesterton, IN 46304 USA. ISG Res, Bethlehem, PA 18016 USA. Duraloy Technol Inc, Scottdale, PA 15683 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sikkavk@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 837 EP 844 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.034 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900023 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA Fu, CL AF Schneibel, JH Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA Fu, CL TI Controlling the thermal expansion anisotropy of Mo5Si3 and Ti5Si3 silicides SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE silicides, various; crystallography; thermal properties; diffraction ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the tetragonal silicides Mo5Si3 and Ti5Si3 are highly anisotropic. The CTE anisotropy values, defined as the ratio of the CTEs in the c and a directions, CTE(c)/CTE(a), are 2.0 and 2.7 for Mo5Si3 and Ti5Si3, respectively. Guided by first-principles calculations by Fu et al. (Acta Maier 51 (2003) 5033), ternary and quaternary alloying additions for reducing the anisotropy were selected. The smallest anisotropy, namely, 1.16, was found for a Mo-25Nb-l2.5V-37.5Si (at.%) alloy. The experimentally determined reductions in CTE(c)/CTE(a) were not always as large as predicted because the measured site occupations of the ternary alloying elements were not as ideal as those calculated by Fu et al. Suitable alloying also reduces the CTE anisotropy of Ti5Si3, but the reduction is not nearly as large as that claimed in previous publications. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schneibeljh@ornl.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 12 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 845 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.intermetallics.2004.02.035 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900024 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Liu, CT Chen, CH AF Zhu, JH Liu, CT Chen, CH TI Effect of iron additions on environmental embrittlement of NiTi-base alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE intermetallics, miscellaneous; mechanical properties at ambient temperature; environmental embrittlement ID HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; POLYCRYSTALLINE NI3AL; WATER DISSOCIATION; SURFACE-REACTION; DIFFUSIVITY; BORON; ALUMINIDES; DUCTILITY; FRACTURE; OXYGEN AB The effect of Fe on the room-temperature environmental embrittlement of NiTi-base alloys was investigated and discussed in this paper. Tensile test data and scanning electron microscope fractography have been evaluated to show that there exists a critical Fe content in NiTi, i.e. about 9 at.%, below which no environmental embrittlement was observed and above which hydrogen from the moisture-containing test environments severely embrittled NiTi. Laser desorption mass spectrometric results indicate that the surface reaction to generate atomic hydrogen did not change much with Fe additions. Hydrogen charging experiments show that Fe additions actually reduced the hydrogen diffusivity in NiTi alloys from similar to2 x 10(-14) m(2)/s for Fe-free NiTi alloy to similar to6 x 10(-16) m(2)/s for NiTi alloy with 10 at.% Fe, implying that the observed 'Fe effect' is not due to hydrogen transport effects in the material. Careful examination of tensile properties suggests that strength level is the key factor in controlling the susceptibility to environmental embrittlement of NiTi alloys with Fe additions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Metal & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhu, JH (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TTU Box 5014, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jzhu@tntech.edu NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 859 EP 868 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.037 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900026 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Liu, CT Li, Y AF Lu, ZP Liu, CT Li, Y TI Glass transition and crystallization of Mg-Ni-Nd metallic glasses studied by temperature-modulated DSC SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE phase identification; precipitates; thermal properties; thermal stability; calorimetry ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ALLOYS AB Glass transition and crystallization behavior of several Mg-Ni-Nd metallic glasses has been systematically studied by temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). The glass transition transformation of alloys Mg75Ni10Nd15 and Mg77Ni18Ni5, which cannot be detected in conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating scans, was observed through TMDSC measurements. It was concluded that the signal of the glass transition on the DSC scans overlapped with the relatively large heat release from the primary crystallization of either intermetallic Mg3Nd phase in glassy Mg75Ni10Nd15 alloy or Mg2Ni phase in amorphous alloy Mg77Ni18Ni5. Increasing the content of Ni in alloy Mg75Ni10Nd15 can suppress the precipitation processes of Mg3Nd, and results in the appearance of glass transition transformation on DSC heating curves. This confirmed and verified our TMDSC measurements. Clear observation of glass transition and understanding of crystallization micro-mechanism in such alloys can offer us new alloying and processing strategies for the preparation of bulk glassy alloys and development of new nanocrystalline/amorphous composite materials. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci, Singapore 119260, Singapore. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 869 EP 874 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.038 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900027 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Liaw, PK Peter, WH Yang, B Yokoyama, Y Benson, ML Green, BA Kirkham, MJ White, SA Saleh, TA McDaniels, RL Steward, RV Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Brooks, CR AF Wang, GY Liaw, PK Peter, WH Yang, B Yokoyama, Y Benson, ML Green, BA Kirkham, MJ White, SA Saleh, TA McDaniels, RL Steward, RV Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Brooks, CR TI Fatigue behavior of bulk-metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE glasses, metallic; fatigue resistance and crack growth; electron microscopy, scanning ID AMORPHOUS METALS; ALLOYS; FRACTURE AB High-cycle fatigue (HCF) experiments were conducted on zirconium (Zr)-based bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs): Zr50Al10Cu40 and Zr50Al10Cu30Ni10, in atomic percent. The HCF tests were performed using an electrohydraulic machine at a frequency of 10 Hz, with a R ratio of 0.1, and under tension-tension loading. Note that R = sigma(min)/sigma(max.), where sigma(min) and sigma(max) are the applied minimum and maximum stresses, respectively. The test environments were air and vacuum. A high-speed and high-sensitivity thermographic infrared (IR) imaging system has been used for nondestructive evaluation of temperature evolution during fatigue testing of BMGs. Limited temperature evolution was observed during fatigue. However, a sparking phenomenon was observed at the final fracture moment of Zr50Al10Cu30Ni10. The effect of chemical composition on the fatigue behavior of the Zr-based BMGs was studied. The fatigue-endurance limit of Zr50Al10Cu30Ni10 (865 MPa) is somewhat greater than that of Zr50Al10Cu40 (752 MPa) in air. The fatigue-endurance limits of these two BMGs were comparable to those of ductile crystalline alloys. The fatigue lives in vacuum and air were generally found to be comparable. The vein pattern and droplets with a melted appearance were observed in the apparent melting region. There are microcracks on the outer surface of the specimen, which could be associated with multiple fatigue crack-initiation sites. These microcracks might result from shear bands and shear-off steps. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Himeji Inst Technol, Himeji, Hyogo 67122, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, GY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gwang@utk.edu RI Kirkham, Melanie/B-6147-2011; Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011 OI Kirkham, Melanie/0000-0001-8411-9751; NR 24 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 885 EP 892 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.043 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900029 ER PT J AU Fu, CL Liu, CT Wang, XL Krcmar, M Fernandez-Baca, JA AF Fu, CL Liu, CT Wang, XL Krcmar, M Fernandez-Baca, JA TI Magnetism-induced solid solution softening in NiAl with Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr solute atoms: theory and experiment SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallic and Advanced Materials CY MAR 02-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA DE nickel alummides, based on NiAl; solid-solution hardening; site occupancy; ab-initio calculations; diffraction (electron, neutron and x-ray) ID PLANE-WAVE METHOD; ALLOYING ADDITIONS; ELECTRON AB By taking the solid solution effect of Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr solutes in Ni-rich NiAl as an example, we have determined, through a combination of alloying behavior experiments, first-principles calculations, and neutron diffraction measurements, that magnetism has a profound impact on the mechanical properties of intermetallics. Co solutes do not affect the hardening behavior of NiAl alloys. Fe solutes, on the other hand, induce the most substantial and unusual solid solution softening among these solutes. These results can only be explained by the presence of magnetic interactions induced by solutes located on the Al sublattice. The predicted magnetic moment of Fe solutes was verified by neutron diffraction experiment. Our investigation points out the inadequacy of the conventionally used Goldschmidt radii in addressing the atomic size effect in intermetallics. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fucl@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 12 IS 7-9 SI SI BP 911 EP 919 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.02.008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847MM UT WOS:000223396900033 ER PT J AU Shen, YL Abell, KCR Garrett, SE AF Shen, YL Abell, KCR Garrett, SE TI Effects of grain boundary sliding on microstructural evolution and damage accumulation in tin-lead alloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE solder; microstructure; grain boundary sliding; fatigue damage; eutectic tin-lead alloy ID 63SN37PB SOLDER JOINTS; SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; FATIGUE; STRAIN; FLOW AB Experiments on the eutectic tin-lead (Sn-Pb) alloys were conducted to study the effects of grain boundary sliding on the deformation and damage processes at the microscopic level. The primary objective is to gain mechanistic undersanding of solder joint reliability in microelectronic packaging. Bulk specimens were subjected to relatively fast deformations of tension, compression, and bending, for the purposes of examining the pure mechanical effect without the influence of diffusion-related phenomena. Grain realignment and phase redistribution were characterized by microscopy and microhardness indentation. A micromechanical model is proposed to elucidate the observed microstructural changes and progressive damage. This study illustrates the significance of damage in the form of microscopic heterogeneity caused by grain boundary sliding. It also illustrates the possibility of mechanically induced phase coarsening in actual solder joints. High-frequency cyclic shear tests on Sn-Pb solder joints showed damage along the coarsened band after only a short time, in accord with the proposed effects. Boundary sliding without the influence of atomic diffusion plays an essential role in fatigue damage in solder. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shen, YL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Shen, Yu-Lin/C-1942-2008 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 225 EP 240 DI 10.1177/1056789504042594 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 876HF UT WOS:000225486700002 ER PT J AU Sun, X Khaleel, MA AF Sun, X Khaleel, MA TI Modeling of glass fracture damage using continuum damage mechanics - Static spherical indentation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE continuum damage mechanics; glass fracture damage; spherical indentation; damage pattern ID LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; FAILURE WAVES; SUBJECT; GROWTH; MODULI AB The response of soda-lime glass subjected to the stress field induced by the static indentation of a spherical indenter is studied using continuum damage mechanics (CDM). An anisotropic damage tensor with linear damage evolution law is chosen to model the cracking damage. An axisymmetric finite element model is generated to simulate the static indentation process. The damage pattern and zone size are predicted for both the loading cycle and the unloading cycle, and the comparison between the predictions and the experimental results reported in the open literature serves as a validation of the CDM model and the modeling procedure. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 263 EP 285 DI 10.1177/1056789504042593 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 876HF UT WOS:000225486700004 ER PT J AU Ritchie, RO Kruzic, JJ Muhlstein, CL Nalla, RK Stach, EA AF Ritchie, RO Kruzic, JJ Muhlstein, CL Nalla, RK Stach, EA TI Characteristic dimensions and the micro-mechanisms of fracture and fatigue in 'nano' and 'bio' materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fracture at Multiple Dimensions CY JUN 23-26, 2003 CL Moscow, RUSSIA DE bone; fatigue; fracture toughness; MEMS; polysilicon; thin films ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; FINITE-ELEMENT MODELS; CRACK-GROWTH; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; CORTICAL BONE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; STRESS; TOUGHNESS AB The behavior of small-volume (so-called 'nano') structures, where size-scales are comparable with microstructural dimensions, and biological/bio-implantable materials, which invariably display a hierarchy of structural dimensions, is currently much in vogue in materials science. One aspect of this field, which to date has received only limited attention, is the fracture and fatigue properties of these materials. In this paper, we examine two topics in this area, namely the premature fatigue failure of silicon-based micron-scale structures for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and the fracture properties of mineralized tissue, specifically human bone. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014; OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921; Muhlstein, Christopher/0000-0002-5928-068X NR 41 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1023/B:FRAC.0000040958.04896.43 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 864NV UT WOS:000224641100002 ER PT J AU Kim, JH You, SM Choi, SUS AF Kim, JH You, SM Choi, SUS TI Evaporative spray cooling of plain and microporous coated surfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE evaporative spray cooling; microporous coating; heat transfer enhancement; phase change ID BOILING HEAT-TRANSFER; SATURATED FC-72; IMPACTING SPRAY AB Experiments were performed on air and evaporative spray cooling of plain and microporous coated surfaces on flat and cylindrical heaters. Micron-size aluminum particles were used to build the microporous structures on the heated surfaces. To analyze the evaporative cooling, heat transfer curves were obtained in the form of the wall temperature difference versus heat flux. The heat transfer coefficients were also determined as a function of heat flux. Three water flow rates (1.25, 1.75 and 2.40 ml/min) were tested for the flat heater and one rate (3.0 ml/min) for the cylindrical heater, maintaining the air pressure of 7 psig (48 kPa) at the inlet of the nozzle. The effect of different particle sizes in the coating was also tested to optimize the microporous coating technique. Spraying water droplets on the microporous coating surface enhanced the heat removal due to the capillary pumping phonomenon through the microporous cavities connecting each other. The evaporative spray cooling increased the heat transfer coefficient by up to 4001% relative to that of the uncoated surface cooled by dry air, and this enhancement was maintained at high heat fluxes by using microporous surfaces. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM choi@anl.gov NR 17 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 47 IS 14-16 BP 3307 EP 3315 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.01.018 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 823RL UT WOS:000221630600035 ER PT J AU Dahl, JK Buechler, KJ Weimer, AW Lewandowski, A Bingham, C AF Dahl, JK Buechler, KJ Weimer, AW Lewandowski, A Bingham, C TI Solar-thermal dissociation of methane in a fluid-wall aerosol flow reactor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE methane dissociation; hydrogen production; solar power; aerosol reactor; amorphous carbon black ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; DECARBONIZATION; ENERGY AB A fluid-wall aerosol flow reactor has been used to thermally dissociate methane to carbon black and hydrogen. The reactor was heated to temperatures in excess of 2000 K by concentrated sunlight. Approximately 90% conversion of methane to hydrogen has been obtained at a reactor wall temperature of 2133 K and an average residence time of 0.01 s. The carbon black produced by reaction is ash free, amorphous, and has primary particle sizes of 20-40 nm. The results of an energy balance as well as conclusions from studies designed to evaluate the effect of co-feeding carbon black particles into the reactor are discussed. (C) 2003 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Weimer, AW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, ECCH 111,Campus Box 424, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alan.weimer@colorado.edu NR 24 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2004 VL 29 IS 7 BP 725 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2003.08.009 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 809CE UT WOS:000220614000008 ER PT J AU Lutz, AE Bradshaw, RW Bromberg, L Rabinovich, A AF Lutz, AE Bradshaw, RW Bromberg, L Rabinovich, A TI Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production by partial oxidation reforming SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE reforming; partial oxidation; autothermal reforming; thermal efficiency; thermodynamics; chemical equilibrium; plasma ID CATALYST; METHANOL; KINETICS AB This paper presents thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production by partial oxidation reforming. The analysis applies two approximations to the chemistry: global reaction balances and chemical equilibrium. The global reaction analysis provides theoretical upper limits on the process in the form of algebraic expressions involving the steam-to-carbon ratio and the oxygen-to-carbon ratio as process parameters. The equilibrium computations provide a more realistic estimate of the expected product composition and thermal efficiency of the process. The equilibrium predictions are compared to experimental data obtained using a first generation plasmatron reformer operated on diesel fuel. The efficiency of this compact reformer was considerably below the theoretical maximum. (C) 2003 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Lutz, AE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS-9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aelutz@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUL PY 2004 VL 29 IS 8 BP 809 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2003.09.015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 814XV UT WOS:000221008300003 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ AF De Chant, LJ TI An analytical solution for unsteady, inviscid jet formation due to asymmetric 2-d ring collapse SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE shaped charge; jet formation; analytical model; Laplace transform; eigenfunction expansion ID SHAPED-CHARGE JET; CTH AB Here we derive a closed form analytical solution for an unsteady inviscid jet caused by the asymmetric collapse of a 2-d ring using linearized, small disturbance, velocity potential theory and classical analytical methods. Use is made of both the Laplace transformation and elementary eigenfunction expansions to solve the associated governing equations. The streamwise diffusion term, e.g. phi(rr) is shown to be second order and is neglected. Jet shape that was computed using the analytical model is compared with CTH (hydrocode) simulations and limited experimental data and shown to provide reasonable agreement. Jet spreading is shown to be consistent with classical turbulent jet scaling in accordance with known shaped charge jet hydrodynamic assumptions. With confidence that the analytical solution is a viable tool we consider the numerical issues associated with rotational symmetry, the effect of boundary loading disturbance to the jet and the effect of finite arrival time detonation wave conditions. Thus we conclude that this model provides a simple, but useful supplement to conventional hydrocode simulation jetting phenomenon due to asymmetric loading of 2-d circular rings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ljdecha@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 30 IS 6 BP 685 EP 698 DI 10.1016/s0734-743x(03)00095-2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 818PW UT WOS:000221258000006 ER PT J AU Taljat, B Pharr, GM AF Taljat, B Pharr, GM TI Development of pile-up during spherical indentation of elastic-plastic solids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE spherical; indentation; finite element; elastic-plastic solids ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HARDNESS; LOAD AB Finite element modeling has been used to study the development of pile-up during indentation with a rigid sphere as it relates to the measurement of mechanical properties by load and depth sensing indentation. A wide range of materials with different elastic moduli, yield stresses, strain-hardening exponents, and friction coefficients were examined. Results show that during a significant portion of the spherical indentation process, the amount of pile-up cannot be related solely to the strain-hardening exponent, as is often assumed. Rather, after initially sinking-in at small depths of penetration, the pile-up for many materials evolves and increases gradually as the indenter is driven into the material. Even when deformation enters the fully developed plastic stage, the pile-up geometry continues to change in manner that can significantly affect the contact area. It is also shown that contact friction affects the pile-up geometry, and that the pile-up heights before and after the indenter is unloaded can be quite different. Implications for the measurement of mechanical properties by load and depth sensing indentation methods are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. STEEL Grp, I-31045 Motta di Livenza, TV, Italy. Technol & Consulting Ctr, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pharr, GM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pharr@utk.edu NR 15 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 41 IS 14 BP 3891 EP 3904 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.033 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 828BN UT WOS:000221947700011 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ AF De Chant, LJ TI An explanation for the minimal effect of body curvature on hypervelocity penetration hole formation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE curvature; penetration hole diameter ID IMPACT AB Though not discussed extensively in the literature, it is known among workers in impact and penetration dynamics, e.g. the CTH analysis and development team at Sandia National Laboratories, that curvature of thin plates has a minimal effect on the penetration hole diameter due to a hypervelocity impact. To understand why curvature introduces a minimal effect on penetration hole size we extend a flat plate penetration hole diameter relationship (De Chant (2004a) Unpublished manuscript, De Chant (2004b) Mechanics of Materials, in press) to include the effect of body curvature. The effect of the body curvature on the hole diameter is shown to scale according to the dimensionless plate thickness to radius of curvature of the body i.e. h/R, which is typically small. Indeed for most problems where a single layer shell (plate) can be meaningfully defined, the effect of curvature upon hole diameter is on the order of other uncertainties in the problem, e.g. doubts concerning the appropriate equation of state and strength model, and is often, therefore, negligible. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ljdecha@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 41 IS 15 BP 4163 EP 4177 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.053 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 830FN UT WOS:000222107200010 ER PT J AU Mahesh, S Hanan, JC Ustundag, E Beyerlein, IJ AF Mahesh, S Hanan, JC Ustundag, E Beyerlein, IJ TI Shear-lag model for a single fiber metal matrix composite with an elasto-plastic matrix and a slipping interface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; damage mechanics; shear-lag model; interfacial slip; matrix plasticity ID PULL-OUT STRESSES; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; TIME EVOLUTION; FRACTURE; FAILURE AB We present a shear-lag stress analysis methodology which accounts for both matrix strain-hardening plasticity and interfacial slip in a single fiber metal matrix composite (MMC) subjected to uniaxial tensile loading and unloading along the fiber direction. The fiber may either be broken or intact. Among other things, the model predicts residual stress and strain distribution after a cycle in the fiber and matrix. The development of the model is motivated by the recent measurement by Hanan et al. [Mater. Sci. Eng. A, in press], of elastic strain evolution with loading in each phase of an Al2O3/Al composite using neutron diffraction. The model also estimates two crucial in situ material parameters using these measurements, which cannot be obtained from bulk tests: the frictional threshold of the interface, and the in situ yield point of the matrix. With these parameters, the predicted elastic strain evolution with loading is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mahesh, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mahesh@lanl.gov RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028; NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 41 IS 15 BP 4197 EP 4218 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.050 PG 22 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 830FN UT WOS:000222107200012 ER PT J AU Firrao, G Andersen, M Bertaccini, A Boudon, E Bove, JM Daire, X Davis, RE Fletcher, J Garnier, M Gibb, KS Gundersen-Rindal, DE Harrison, N Hiruki, C Kirkpatrick, BC Jones, P Kuske, CR Lee, IM Liefting, L Marcone, C Namba, S Schneider, B Sears, BB Seemuller, E Smart, CD Streten, C Wang, K AF Firrao, G Andersen, M Bertaccini, A Boudon, E Bove, JM Daire, X Davis, RE Fletcher, J Garnier, M Gibb, KS Gundersen-Rindal, DE Harrison, N Hiruki, C Kirkpatrick, BC Jones, P Kuske, CR Lee, IM Liefting, L Marcone, C Namba, S Schneider, B Sears, BB Seemuller, E Smart, CD Streten, C Wang, K CA IRPCM Phytoplasma Spiroplasma Work TI 'Candidcatus Phytoplasma', a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PATHOGENIC MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; WITCHES-BROOM-DISEASE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WESTERN X-DISEASE; CLONED DNA PROBES; ASTER YELLOWS; PHYTOPATHOGENIC MOLLICUTES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AB The trivial name 'phytoplasma' has been adopted to collectively name wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects, which were formerly known as mycoplasma-like organisms. Although phytoplasmas have not yet been cultivated in vitro, phylogenetic analyses based on various conserved genes have shown that they represent a distinct, monophyletic clade within the class Mollicutes. It is proposed here to accommodate phytoplasmas within the novel genus 'Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma'. Given the diversity within 'Ca. Phytoplasma', several subtaxa are needed to accommodate organisms that share < 97-5% similarity among their 16S rRNA gene sequences. This report describes the properties of 'Ca. Phytoplasma', a taxon that includes the species 'Ca. Phytoplasma aurantifolia' (the prokaryote associated with witches'-broom disease of small-fruited acid lime), 'Ca. Phytoplasma australiense' (associated with Australian grapevine yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma fraxini' (associated with ash yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma japonicum' (associated with Japanese hydrangea phyllody), 'Ca. Phytoplasma brasiliense' (associated with hibiscus witches'-broom in Brazil), 'Ca. Phytoplasma castaneae' (associated with chestnut witches'-broom in Korea), 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' (associated with aster yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma mali' (associated with apple proliferation), 'Ca. Phytoplasma phoenicium' (associated with almond lethal disease), 'Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' (associated with clover proliferation), 'Ca. Phytoplasma cynodontis' (associated with Bermuda grass white leaf), 'Ca. Phytoplasma ziziphi' (associated with jujube witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma oryzae' (associated with rice yellow dwarf) and six species-level taxa for which the Candidatus species designation has not yet been formally proposed (for the phytoplasmas associated with X-disease of peach, grapevine flavescence doree, Central American coconut lethal yellows, Tanzanian lethal decline of coconut, Nigerian lethal decline of coconut and loofah witches'-broom, respectively). Additional species are needed to accommodate organisms that, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being >97.5% similar to those of other 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, are characterized by distinctive biological, phytopathological and genetic properties. These include 'Ca. Phytoplasma pyri' (associated with pear decline), 'Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' (associated with European stone fruit yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma spartii' (associated with spartium witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma rhamni' (associated with buckthorn witches'-broom), 'Ca. Phytoplasma allocasuarinae' (associated with allocasuarina yellows), 'Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi' (associated with elm yellows) and an additional taxon for the stolbur phytoplasma. Conversely, some organisms, despite their 16S rRNA gene sequence being < 97-5% similar to that of any other 'Ca. Phytoplasma' species, are not presently described as Candidatus species, due to their poor overall characterization. C1 Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. HortRes, Auckland, New Zealand. Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. INRA, F-21034 Dijon, France. Univ Bordeaux 2, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. INRA, IBVM, Villenave Dornon, France. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. INRA, Villenave Dornon, France. Charles Darwin Univ, Darwin, NT, Australia. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Rothamsted Res, Harpenden, Herts, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Biol Bundesanstalt, Dossenheim, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, Geneva, NY USA. RP Firrao, G (reprint author), Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. EM firrao@uniud.it RI Streten, Claire/J-5268-2012 OI Streten, Claire/0000-0003-2803-1995 NR 96 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 23 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 BP 1243 EP 1255 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02854-0 PN 4 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 844IO UT WOS:000223151800037 ER PT J AU Boboridis, K Seifter, A Obst, AW Basak, D AF Boboridis, K Seifter, A Obst, AW Basak, D TI Radiance temperatures and normal spectral emittances (in the wavelength range of 1500 to 5000 nm) of tin, zinc, aluminum, and silver at their melting points by a pulse-heating technique SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Univ Colorado, BOULDER, CO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div HO Univ Colorado DE aluminum; emissivity; emittance; melting; radiance temperature; silver; tin; zinc AB The radiance temperatures at four wavelengths (in the range of 1500 to 5000 nm) of tin, zinc, aluminum, and silver at their respective melting points were measured by a pulse-heating technique using a high-speed fiber-coupled four-wavelength infrared pyrometer. The method is based on rapid resistive self-heating of a sample from room temperature to its melting point in less than 1 s while measuring the radiance emitted by it in four wavelength bands as a function of time. A plateau in the recorded radiance-versus-time traces indicates melting of the sample. The melting-point radiance temperatures for a given sample are determined by averaging the measured temperatures along the plateau at each wavelength. The melting-point radiance temperatures for each metal are, in turn, determined by averaging results for several samples. The normal spectral emittances at the melting transition of each metal are derived from the measured radiances at each wavelength and the published values of the thermodynamic (true) melting temperatures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boboridis, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, P-23,MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kboboridis@fastmail.fm NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1187 EP 1202 DI 10.1023/B:IJOT.0000038509.38360.8e PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 847NM UT WOS:000223402200016 ER PT J AU Hoffman, RC Laskin, A Finlayson-Pitts, BJ AF Hoffman, RC Laskin, A Finlayson-Pitts, BJ TI Sodium nitrate particles: physical and chemical properties during hydration and dehydration, and implications for aged sea salt aerosols SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sodium nitrate; hydration; amorphous; atmospheric; scanning electron microscopy; long path FTIR; ESEM; SEM/EDX ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; KNUDSEN CELL; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC IMPORTANCE; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; NACL(100) SURFACES; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; ADSORBED WATER AB Experiments probing the phase and behavior of NaNO3 particles at different relative humidities, important for elucidating the role these particles play in the chemistry and radiative proper-ties of marine regions, are presented. Changes in NaNO3 particles during hydration were studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and conventional SEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). Mixtures of NaNO3 and NaCl, which are typical of partially processed sea salt particles, were also studied. Complementary studies using long path FTIR were carried out to determine the extent of water association with NaNO3 aerosols, and for comparison, NaCl, MgCl2, and NH4NO3, as a function of relative humidity. The combination of these techniques shows that NaNO3 particles exist as unusual metastable, amorphous solids at low relative humidity that undergo continuous hygroscopic growth with increasing relative humidity. While other evidence for this phenomenon has been reported, this is the first direct observation using ESEM. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM alexander.laskin@pnl.gov; bjfinlay@uci.edu RI Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 59 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35 IS 7 BP 869 EP 887 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.02.003 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 840BU UT WOS:000222832800006 ER PT J AU Boyer, AE Ash, D Barr, DB Young, CL Driskell, WJ Whitehead, RD Ospina, M Preston, KE Woolfitt, AR Martinez, RA Silks, LA Barr, JR AF Boyer, AE Ash, D Barr, DB Young, CL Driskell, WJ Whitehead, RD Ospina, M Preston, KE Woolfitt, AR Martinez, RA Silks, LA Barr, JR TI Quantitation of the sulfur mustard metabolites 1, 1 '-sulfonylbis[2-(methylthio)ethane] and thiodiglycol in urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; BIOLOGICAL FATE; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; ALLEGED ATTACK; 1,1'-THIOBIS(2-CHLOROETHANE); IDENTIFICATION; VICTIMS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbarr@cdc.gov RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200006 PM 15239851 ER PT J AU Young, CL Ash, D Driskell, WJ Boyer, AE Martinez, RA Silks, LA Barr, JR AF Young, CL Ash, D Driskell, WJ Boyer, AE Martinez, RA Silks, LA Barr, JR TI A rapid, sensitive method for the quantitation of specific metabolites of sulfur mustard in human urine using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; BIOLOGICAL FATE; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; ALLEGED ATTACK; THIODIGLYCOL; 1,1'-THIOBIS(2-CHLOROETHANE); IDENTIFICATION; VICTIMS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lBarr@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 28 IS 5 BP 339 EP 345 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 842CT UT WOS:000222981200008 PM 15239853 ER PT J AU Turner, C King, JW McKeon, T AF Turner, C King, JW McKeon, T TI Selected uses of enzymes with critical fluids in analytical chemistry SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIPASE-CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION; CANDIDA-ANTARCTICA LIPASE; PACKED-BED REACTOR; IMMOBILIZED LIPASE; ENZYMATIC-REACTION; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; FATTY-ACID; KINETIC RESOLUTION; WATER ACTIVITY AB The use of enzymes coupled with supercritical fluid (SF)-based analytical techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), provides a safer environment platform for the analytical chemist and reduces the use of organic solvents. Incorporation of such techniques not only reduces the use of solvent in analytical laboratories, but it can also lead to overall method simplification and time savings. In this review, some of the fundamental aspects of using enzymes in the presence of SF media are discussed, particularly the influence of extraction (reaction) pressure, temperature, and water content of the extracting fluid and/or the sample matrix. Screening of optimal conditions for conducting reactions in the presence of SF media can be readily accomplished with automated serial or parallel SFE instrumentation, including selection of the proper enzyme. Numerous examples are cited, many based on lipase-initiated conversions of lipid substrates, to form useful analytical derivatives for gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, or SF chromatography analysis. In certain cases, enzymatic-aided processing of samples can permit the coupling of the extraction, sample preparation, and final analysis steps. The derived methods/techniques find application in nutritional food analyses, assays of industrial products, and micro analyses of specific samples. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercrit Fluids Facil, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM kingjw@lanl.gov RI Turner, Charlotta/I-6045-2013 OI Turner, Charlotta/0000-0001-9466-1149 NR 136 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 797 EP 810 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 835JO UT WOS:000222479200003 PM 15295872 ER PT J AU Ludwig, FL Horel, J Whiteman, CD AF Ludwig, FL Horel, J Whiteman, CD TI Using EOF analysis to identify important surface wind patterns in mountain valleys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION-ANALYSIS; COMPLEX; TERRAIN AB Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) have been determined for three wind datasets from stations in valleys south of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Two of the datasets were for summer months, with individual days selected from the MesoWest archive to represent conditions conducive to well-developed thermally driven flows. The remaining dataset was for the month of October 2000 and was derived from a combination of MesoWest data and data collected during intensive observation periods of the Vertical Transport and Mixing Experiment (VTMX) conducted in the Great Salt Lake area. This experiment investigated stable atmospheric conditions in the complex urban terrain around Salt Lake City, Utah. In all three datasets, the primary EOFs represented flows that were directed predominantly along valley axes and were caused by channeled or thermally driven flow. Diurnal variations in EOF intensity showed that thermal effects were the most common causal mechanism. The along-valley EOFs accounted for 43%-58% of the variance in the wind component datasets ( 8 or 10 stations each). The second EOFs accounted for 13%-18% of the variance. In the summer datasets, the second EOF appeared to represent day-night transition periods; there was evidence of both side canyon flows and day-night transitional effects in the October dataset. The EOF approach has promise for classifying wind patterns and selecting representative cases for simulation or for further detailed analysis. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Ludwig, FL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Fluid Mech Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fludwig@stanford.edu NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 43 IS 7 BP 969 EP 983 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0969:UEATII>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839MN UT WOS:000222789300001 ER PT J AU Barnard, JC Long, CN AF Barnard, JC Long, CN TI A simple empirical equation to calculate cloud optical thickness using shortwave broadband measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; DEPTH RETRIEVALS; SURFACE; PYRANOMETER; STRATUS; SKIES AB In this paper, an empirical equation is presented that can be used to estimate shortwave cloud optical thickness from measurements and analysis of shortwave broadband irradiances. When applied to a time series of broadband observations, this method can predict cloud optical thickness distributions that are very similar to those obtained using the algorithm of Min and Harrison ( henceforth the Min algorithm). For a given site, medians of the Min algorithm-derived and empirically derived distributions differ by less than 10%. This level of agreement holds over a wide geographical range of sites. The equation is designed for fully overcast skies, surface albedos less than 0.3, and a cosine of the solar zenith angle greater than 0.15. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Barnard, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.barnard@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1057:ASEETC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839MN UT WOS:000222789300006 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Oulianov, DA Crowell, RA Pommeret, S AF Shkrob, IA Oulianov, DA Crowell, RA Pommeret, S TI Frequency-domain "single-shot" ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy using chirped laser pulses SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLVED Z-SCAN; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; LIQUID WATER; RECOMBINATION DYNAMICS; AQUEOUS CHLORIDE; FEMTOSECOND; ELECTRON AB Single-shot ultrafast transient absorbance spectroscopy based on the frequency encoding of kinetics is demonstrated. The kinetics are sampled in the frequency domain using linearly chirped, amplified 33 fs pulses derived from a Ti:sapphire laser. A variable length grating pair compressor is used to achieve sampling of 512 channels with a 2-160 ps window with sensitivity>5x10(-4). In terms of the acquisition time, frequency-domain "single-shot" (FDSS) spectroscopy has an advantage over pump-probe spectroscopy when "noise" is dominated by variations in the amplitude of the signal due to pump and flow instability. Unlike some other single-shot techniques, FDSS can be used for fluid samples flowing in a high-speed jet and for thin solid samples that exhibit interference fringes. Another advantage is that, due to interference of quasimonochromatic components of the chirped probe pulse, an oscillation pattern near the origin of the FDSS kinetics emerges. This pattern is unique and can be used to determine the complex dielectric function of photogenerated species. The advantages of FDSS are illustrated with the kinetics obtained in multiphoton ionization of aqueous iodide and one-photon excitation of polycrystalline ZnSe. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, Direct Sci Mat, Dept Rech Etat Condense Atom & Mol, Serv Chim Mol,CNRS,Unite Rech Associee 331, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1063/1.1711178 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300005 ER PT J AU Tian, JY Ogi, H Tada, T Hirao, M Ledbetter, H AF Tian, JY Ogi, H Tada, T Hirao, M Ledbetter, H TI Local surface elastic constants by resonant-ultrasound microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION ANALYSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLIDS; NB AB We report a method-resonant-ultrasound microscopy-for measuring elastic-constant distribution over a solid's surface. Applying an oscillating electric field to a rectangular-parallelepiped oscillator of langasite (La3Ga5SiO14) crystal by a surrounding solenoid coil, we generated and detected vibrations of the crystal without electrodes and without wires. Acoustic coupling of the specimen to the oscillator is only made at an antinodal vibration point on the crystal's bottom surface. The crystal's resonance-frequency shift reflects elastic constants of the specimen in the contacting area. Point-contact measurement permits sensitive, quantitative evaluation of a material's local elastic constants. As an illustrating example, we measured the elastic-stiffness distribution of a Nb-Ti/Cu resin superconductive wire. We compared our measurements with both static-contact and dynamic-contact models. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Machikaneyama 1-3, Osaka 5608531, Japan. EM j_tian@me.es.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1063/1.1755432 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300018 ER PT J AU Cooke, DW Muenchausen, RE Bennett, BL Jacobsohn, LG Nastasi, M AF Cooke, DW Muenchausen, RE Bennett, BL Jacobsohn, LG Nastasi, M TI Quantum confinement contribution to porous silicon photoluminescence spectra SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALLITES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-STATES; LUMINESCENCE; OXIDATION; SI; NANOCLUSTERS; MECHANISM AB Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of freshly etched and ambient-aged porous silicon specimens have been measured and analyzed to extract spectral contributions due to quantum confinement (QC) and non-QC effects. It is shown that all spectra can be deconvolved into five Gaussian bands with typical peak energies 1.59, 1.76, 1.84, 1.94, and 2.07 eV. Ambient aging induces similar to0.1 eV blueshift in each of the three highest energy peaks, which is attributed to QC effects. In contrast, the two lowest energy peaks remain unshifted as expected for non-QC effects. Because size of the porous silicon nanoparticles is deduced from the magnitude of blueshift, it is imperative to correctly identify the spectral components associated solely with QC. The three closely spaced Gaussian bands are summed and the resulting single Gaussian band is analyzed with the model of Islam and Kumar [J. Appl. Phys. 93, 1753 (2003)]. Results show that peak energy of the freshly etched sample is 1.86 eV with average nanoparticle size L-0=3.90 nm and dispersion sigma=0.065 nm. Ambient aging for 40 days causes this peak to blueshift to 2.07 eV and reduces the nanoparticle size to L-0=3.37 nm with dispersion sigma=0.088 nm. The reduction in particle size (DeltaL=0.53 nm) is attributed to oxidation of the nanocrystalline surface, and corresponds to approximately 2 monolayers of oxide growth. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooke, DW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cooke@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1063/1.1756217 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300028 ER PT J AU Evans, RD Bentley, J More, KL Doll, GL Glass, JT AF Evans, RD Bentley, J More, KL Doll, GL Glass, JT TI Radial distribution function analyses of amorphous carbon thin films containing various levels of silicon and hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; X-RAY; EXELFS; CARBIDE; SCATTERING AB Short-range order in amorphous carbon thin films containing silicon and hydrogen (Si-aC:H) was characterized using radial distribution functions (RDFs). RDFs describe the average number of neighbors located a distance r away from an arbitrary atom in the sample. Two methods in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used in this study to obtain RDFs: energy-filtered convergent-beam electron diffraction (EFCBED) and extended electron energy-loss fine structure (EXELFS) analyses. Four Si-aC:H film samples were prepared in cross section for TEM using a focused ion beam system. Both EFCBED and EXELFS techniques were used to study the same samples. RDF interpretation included estimation and comparison of near-neighbor distances, average bond angles, and coordination numbers as a function of sample composition. Key RDF characteristics were correlated to thin film material properties. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Timken Co, Mat Technol, Canton, OH 44706 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Timken Co, Mat Technol, Canton, OH 44706 USA. RI Glass, Jeffrey/A-2266-2010; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI Glass, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9554-4398; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Evans, Ryan/0000-0003-4549-8247 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 273 EP 279 DI 10.1063/1.1760232 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300042 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Nastasi, M Theodore, ND Smalley, A Alford, TL Mayer, JW Cai, M Lau, SS AF Lee, JK Nastasi, M Theodore, ND Smalley, A Alford, TL Mayer, JW Cai, M Lau, SS TI Effects of hydrogen implantation temperature on ion-cut of silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL DONOR FORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; INDUCED EXFOLIATION; OXYGEN DIFFUSION; DAMAGE; SI; COMPLEXES; DEFECTS; VACANCY AB We have studied the effect of ion implantation temperature on the nature of cleavage and layer transfer, and the electrical properties in hydrogen implanted p-Si. The lattice damage and the hydrogen concentration in the as-implanted Si and transferred Si films were analyzed with elastic recoil detection, respectively. Implantations performed at -140 degreesC [low temperature (LT)] and room temperature (RT) resulted in a variation in the thickness and surface morphology of the transferred layers. The transferred layer from room temperature hydrogen ion implantation was both thicker and atomically smoother than the transferred layer produced by -140 degreesC hydrogen implantation. The as-transferred layer obtained from RT-implanted p-Si wafer was n-type, but converted to p-type after annealing at 650 degreesC or higher. The transferred layer obtained from LT-implanted Si wafer was highly resistive even after high temperature annealing. These variations were observed to be correlated with the damage profiles measured by ion channeling; channeling data showed that the room temperature implantation provided a deeper and narrower damage distribution than that obtained from the -140 degreesC implantation. The nature of the implantation damage was evaluated with the aid of IR spectroscopy and was found to consist of Si-H defects. The type and population of these defects were observed to be dependent on the ion implantation temperature. In both room temperature and -140 degreesC implantations, the presence of the implantation damage facilitated the nucleation of Si-H defects that developed into H platelets, which were the precursor defects for the cleavage and the layer transfer. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Motorola Inc, DigitalDNA Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jklee@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1063/1.1755851 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300043 ER PT J AU Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM Jones, KM AF Yan, YF Al-Jassim, MM Jones, KM TI Passivation of double-positioning twin boundaries in CdTe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELL; GROWTH; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PERFORMANCE; DIFFUSION; EPITAXY AB We present density-functional total-energy calculations to investigate the passivation effects of impurity elements such as Br, Cl, S, O, H, and Na on double-positioning twin boundaries in CdTe. We find that Br, Cl, S, and O atoms present passivation effects on the boundaries with different degrees, whereas H and Na do not passivate the boundaries. Of all these impurities, Cl atoms present the best passivation effects on the double-positioning twin boundaries. The superior passivation effects are realized by either terminating the Cd atoms with dangling bonds, or substituting the Te atoms with dangling bonds in the double-positioning twin boundaries in CdTe by Cl atoms. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yyan@nrel.gov NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1063/1.1758313 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300049 ER PT J AU Dick, JJ Hooks, DE Menikoff, R Martinez, AR AF Dick, JJ Hooks, DE Menikoff, R Martinez, AR TI Elastic-plastic wave profiles in cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HMX; PROPAGATION; NITROMETHANE; DEFORMATION; DEPENDENCE; INITIATION; DYNAMICS AB The explosive molecular crystal cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine was studied in three orientations in a set of plate impact experiments; the orientations studied were {110}, {011}, and {010} in P2(1)/n space group. The elastic-plastic shock response was measured using laser interferometry. The measured particle velocity profiles showed elastic precursor decay typical of a stress relaxing material. There is anisotropy in elastic shock strength and decay. The amount of precursor decay with propagation distance and stress relaxation behind the elastic shock varied among the orientations. The {010} orientation had larger elastic precursors than did the other two orientations; the {010} crystal does not have the regular plastic deformation mechanisms available to it. Elastic Hugoniots were obtained from the measurements. The inelastic deformation mechanisms may vary with orientation. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jjd@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1063/1.1757026 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300058 ER PT J AU Felten, F Schneider, GA Saldana, JM Kalinin, SV AF Felten, F Schneider, GA Saldana, JM Kalinin, SV TI Modeling and measurement of surface displacements in BaTiO3 bulk material in piezoresponse force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BARIUM-TITANATE; CRYSTALS; FILMS AB Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is applied to image ferroelastic formed c domains in a single crystal ferroelectric barium titanate bulk material. A simple model and an analytical approach are presented, which provides a basis to understand the complex tip-surface interactions responsible for the image contrast in PFM. In particular, the measured amplitude of the piezoresponse out-of-plane surface displacements of a C- domain is compared with theoretical results based upon a three-dimensional Green's function solution. The electric field distribution in the tip-surface contact is determined using image-charge calculations for a spherical tip separated by a thin water layer from a mechanically isotropic and electrically anisotropic dielectric half plane. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tech Univ Hamburg, Adv Ceram Grp, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tech Univ Hamburg, Adv Ceram Grp, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany. RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Munoz-Saldana, Juan/A-6391-2008 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Munoz-Saldana, Juan/0000-0001-5188-6305 NR 21 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1063/1.1758316 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 830AF UT WOS:000222093300090 ER PT J AU Zhang, HZ Wang, RM Zhu, YW AF Zhang, HZ Wang, RM Zhu, YW TI Effect of adsorbates on field-electron emission from ZnO nanoneedle arrays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; COLD CATHODES; EMITTERS; ENHANCEMENT; DEPENDENCE; MODEL; FILMS AB We studied the influence of adsorbates on field emission (FE) properties of well-aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays with varying initial electric field, vacuum gap, and ambient pressure. The FE current exhibits hysteresis upon a loop of applied voltage. On applying an initial electric field of 3.85x10(6) V/m, the turn-on voltage increases similar to50%, Fowler-Nordheim plots show better linearity, as well as the hysteretic behavior can be annihilated. It is found that the FE current depends on the vacuum gap and the ambient pressure. The FE current increased sensitively with increasing the ambient pressure P when PC interactions. A phenomenon corroborated by the results of first-principles calculations, which show a CTiTi hollow as the most stable site for the adsorption of O. Ti and C atoms are involved in the adsorption and dissociation of the O-2 molecule. In general, the bond between O and the TiC(001) surface contains a large degree of ionic character. The carbide-->O charge transfer is substantial even at high coverages (>0.5 ML) of oxygen. At 500 K and large doses of O-2, oxidation of the carbide surface occurs with the removal of C and formation of titanium oxides. There is an activation barrier for the exchange of Ti-C and Ti-O bonds which is overcome only by the formation of C-C or C-O bonds on the surface. The mechanism for the removal of a C atom as CO gas involves a minimum of two O adatoms, and three O adatoms are required for the formation of CO2 gas. Due to the high stability of TiC, an O adatom alone cannot induce the generation of a C vacancy in a flat TiC(001) surface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Porto, IFIMUP, P-4169 Oporto, Portugal. Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov NR 57 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 1 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1063/1.1755669 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 830HG UT WOS:000222112100053 PM 15260568 ER PT J AU Li, F Vogelmann, AM Ramanathan, V AF Li, F Vogelmann, AM Ramanathan, V TI Saharan dust aerosol radiative forcing measured from space SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY SYSTEM CERES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SATELLITE DATA; INDIAN-OCEAN; MINERAL DUST; ERBE DATA; ATMOSPHERE; CLOUDS; WAVELENGTHS; ABSORPTION AB This study uses data collected from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) instruments to determine Saharan dust broadband shortwave aerosol radiative forcing over the Atlantic Ocean near the African coast (15degrees-25degreesN, 45degrees-15degreesW). The clear-sky aerosol forcing is derived directly from these data, without requiring detailed information about the aerosol properties that are not routinely observed such as chemical composition, microphysical properties, and their height variations. To determine the diurnally averaged Saharan dust radiative forcing efficiency (i.e., broadband shortwave forcing per unit optical depth at 550 nm, W m(-2) tau(alpha)(-1)), two extreme seasons are juxtaposed: the high-dust months [June-August (JJA)] and the low-dust months [November-January (NDJ)]. It is found that the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) diurnal mean forcing efficiency is -35 +/- 3 W m(-2) tau(alpha)(-1) for JJA, and -26 +/- 3 W m(-2) tau(alpha)(-1) for NDJ. These efficiencies can be fit by reducing the spectrally varying aerosol single-scattering albedo such that its value at 550 nm is reduced from 0.95 +/- 0.04 for JJA to about 0.86 +/- 0.04 for NDJ. The lower value for the low-dust months might be influenced by biomass-burning aerosols that were transported into the study region from equatorial Africa. Although the high-dust season has a greater ( absolute value of the) TOA forcing efficiency, the low-dust season may have a greater surface forcing efficiency. Extrapolations based on model calculations suggest the surface forcing efficiencies to be about -65 W m(-2) tau(alpha)(-1) for the high-dust season versus -81 W m(-2) tau(alpha)(-1)for the low-dust season. These observations indicate that the aerosol character within a region can be readily modified, even immediately adjacent to a powerful source region such as the Sahara. This study provides important observational constraints for models of dust radiative forcing. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Atmospher Sci, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0221, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM fli@fiji.ucsd.edu RI Vogelmann, Andrew/M-8779-2014 OI Vogelmann, Andrew/0000-0003-1918-5423 NR 34 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 13 BP 2558 EP 2571 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2558:SDARFM>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 838HJ UT WOS:000222703800004 ER PT J AU Le Maitre, OP Najm, HN Ghanem, RG Knio, OM AF Le Maitre, OP Najm, HN Ghanem, RG Knio, OM TI Multi-resolution analysis of Wiener-type uncertainty propagation schemes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE polynomial chaos; multi-resolution analysis; multi-wavelets; uncertainty quantification; adaptive scheme ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; STOCHASTIC PROJECTION METHOD; MODELING UNCERTAINTY; FLOW SIMULATIONS; FINITE-ELEMENTS; FLUID-FLOW; BASES; MEDIA AB A multi-resolution analysis (MRA) is applied to an uncertainty propagation scheme based on a generalized polynomial chaos (PC) representation. The MRA relies on an orthogonal projection of uncertain data and solution variables onto a multi-wavelet basis, consisting of compact piecewise-smooth polynomial functions. The coefficients of the expansion are computed through a Galerkin procedure. The MRA scheme is applied to the simulation of the Lorenz system having a single random parameter. The convergence of the solution with respect to the resolution level and expansion order is investigated. In particular, results are compared to two Monte-Carlo sampling strategies, demonstrating the superiority of the MRA. For more complex problems, however, the MRA approach may require excessive CPU times. Adaptive methods are consequently developed in order to overcome this drawback. Two approaches are explored: the first is based on adaptive refinement of the multi-wavelet basis, while the second is based on adaptive block-partitioning of the space of random variables. Computational tests indicate that the latter approach is better suited for large problems, leading to a more efficient, flexible and parallelizable scheme. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Evry Val Essonne, CEMIF, LIMSI, CNRS, F-91403 Orsay, France. Univ Evry Val Essonne, Lab Informat Mecan & Sci Ingn, LIMSI, CNRS, F-91403 Orsay, France. RP Le Maitre, OP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM olm@cemif.univ-evry.fr; hnnajm@ca.sandia.gov; ghanem@jhu.edu; knio@jhu.edu RI Knio, Omar/A-3318-2010; Ghanem, Roger/B-8570-2008; Le Maitre, Olivier/D-8570-2011 OI Ghanem, Roger/0000-0002-1890-920X; Le Maitre, Olivier/0000-0002-3811-7787 NR 33 TC 161 Z9 161 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 197 IS 2 BP 502 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.12.020 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 831HE UT WOS:000222184700005 ER PT J AU Chang, PY Alumbaugh, D Brainard, J Hall, L AF Chang, PY Alumbaugh, D Brainard, J Hall, L TI The application of ground penetrating radar attenuation tomography in a vadose zone infiltration experiment SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ground penetrating radar; vadose zone; tomography; attenuation ID WATER-CONTENT; SOIL; SITE AB Cross-borehole ground penetrating radar (XBGPR) is used in monitoring a long-term vadose zone infiltration experiment at a test site in Socorro, NM in order to examine contaminant transport in the vadose zone. XBGPR attenuation tomography is conducted in order to test the ability of using images of electromagnetic attenuation for hydrogeologic investigations. The results of four preinfiltration attenuation inversions shows standard deviations below 0.1 Np/m, and demonstrate the consistency of the XBGPR tomography technique for making time-lapse observations. Correlation to the core records indicates that XBGPR attenuation tomograms provide high-resolution images of clay distribution in the vadose zone. Water infiltration at the ground surface was initiated in February 1999 at a constant rate of 2.7 cm/day, and continued at this rate throughout the data collection experiment. Time-lapse attenuation tomograms show that attenuation increases by approximately 0.3 Np/m during the water infiltration, and indicate a snowplow effect may be occurring where salts are dissolved by the water and concentrated at the front of the plume. Seasonal temperature changes may also cause changes in electromagnetic attenuation images, and masking the evidence of water infiltration. Thus caution must be taken when using time-lapse attenuation images to interpret the movement of a water plume during a long-term experiment as temperature changes. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Geol Engn Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Chang, PY (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Geol Engn Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pingyuchang@wisc.edu NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-4 BP 67 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.09.011 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 826IR UT WOS:000221823300004 PM 15145562 ER PT J AU Lenhard, RJ Oostrom, M Dane, JH AF Lenhard, RJ Oostrom, M Dane, JH TI A constitutive model for air-NAPL-water flow in the vadose zone accounting for immobile, non-occluded (residual) NAPL in strongly water-wet porous media SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE residual NAPL; constitutive theory; relative permeability relations; three-phase flow; NAPL flow ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PRESSURE RELATIONS; MIXED-WETTABILITY; OIL-RECOVERY; SATURATION; BEHAVIOR; DRAINAGE; SYSTEMS AB A hysteretic constitutive model describing relations among relative penneabilities, saturations, and pressures in fluid systems consisting of air, nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL), and water is modified to account for NAPL that is postulated to be immobile in small pores and pore wedges and as films or lenses on water surfaces. A direct outcome of the model is prediction of the NAPL saturation that remains in the vadose zone after long drainage periods (residual NAPL). Using the modified model, water and NAPL (free, entrapped by water, and residual) saturations can be predicted from the capillary pressures and the water and total-liquid saturation-path histories. Relations between relative permeabilities and saturations are modified to account for the residual NAPL by adjusting the limits of integration in the integral expression used for predicting the NAPL relative permeability. When all of the NAPL is either residual or entrapped (i.e., no free NAPL), then the NAPL relative permeability will be zero. We model residual NAPL using concepts similar to those used to model residual water. As an initial test of the constitutive model, we compare predictions to published measurements of residual NAPL. Furthermore, we present results using the modified constitutive theory for a scenario involving NAPL imbibition and drainage. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INEEL, Subsurface Sci Initiat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. PNNL, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Lenhard, RJ (reprint author), INEEL, Subsurface Sci Initiat, POB 1625,MS 2025, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM lenhrj@inel.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 71 IS 1-4 BP 261 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.10.014 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 826IR UT WOS:000221823300012 PM 15145570 ER PT J AU Kratochvil, J Linde, A Linder, EV Shmakova, M AF Kratochvil, J Linde, A Linder, EV Shmakova, M TI Testing the cosmological constant as a candidate for dark energy SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark energy theory; cosmological constant experiments; cosmology of theories beyond the SM ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; CONSTRAINTS; SPACE AB It is difficult to single out the best model of dark energy on the basis of the existing and planned cosmological observations, because the parameter space of many different models can lead to similar observational consequences. However, each particular model can be studied and either found consistent with observations or ruled out. In this paper, we concentrate on the possibility of testing and ruling out the simplest and by far the most popular of the models of dark energy, the theory described by general relativity with positive vacuum energy ( the cosmological constant). We evaluate the conditions under which this model could be ruled out by future observations made by the Supernova/Acceleration Probe SNAP (both for supernovae and weak lensing) and by the Planck Surveyor cosmic microwave background satellite. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jank@stanford.edu; alinde@stanford.edu; evlinder@lbl.gov; shmakova@slac.stanford.edu NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 IS 7 AR 001 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2004/07/001 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 841DE UT WOS:000222908700013 ER PT J AU Shirley, DA Fadley, CS AF Shirley, DA Fadley, CS TI X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in North America - the early years SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; core-electron binding-energy shifts ID ELECTRON BINDING ENERGIES; EXTRA-ATOMIC RELAXATION; QUANTITATIVE SURFACE-ANALYSIS; VALENCE-BAND DENSITIES; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION; SMALL MOLECULES; SINGLE CRYSTAL; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTRA AB In this paper, we present a brief overview of the beginning years of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the USA, with particular emphasis on activities in Berkeley with which we are more familiar, but comments also on some other significant developments during this period. With some arbitrariness, we have limited ourselves to topics that were at least underway by the time of the first conference in this series in 1971, and thus finally published by 1973 or so. Some key first results or analyses are illuminated with figures from the literature. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Shirley, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Mailstop 2-100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dshirley@lbl.gov; fadley@physics.ucdavis.edu NR 71 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.018 PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900003 ER PT J AU Smekal, W Werner, WSM Fadley, CS van Hove, MA AF Smekal, W Werner, WSM Fadley, CS van Hove, MA TI Surface sensitivity in electron spectroscopy: coherent versus incoherent scattering models SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE polycrystalline; single scattering cluster; photoelectron; Monte-Carlo simulations; diffraction; depth distribution ID DEPTH DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; MEDIUM-ENERGY; MONTE-CARLO; SOLIDS; POTENTIALS; EMISSION AB We investigate the extent of diffraction effects (coherent elastic scattering) in electron spectra measured on materials that do not exhibit perfect crystal structure, such as crystals with a high defect density, polycrystalline materials or even amorphous solids. A single scattering cluster (SSC) model was implemented to calculate photoelectron angular distributions for non-ideal crystals. As a first test, results obtained with this code were compared with a well established code for a perfect crystal. The two codes were found to give essentially identical results. Furthermore, SSC calculations of Ni2s photoelectron depth distributions averaged over crystal orientation so as to apply to an amorphous material were compared with Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations of elastic scattering, entirely based on a non-coherent scattering model. The two sets of results were semi-quantitatively consistent. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Allgemeine Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Werner, WSM (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Allgemeine Phys, Wiedner Hauptstr 8-10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM werner@iap.tuwien.ac.at RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Smekal, Werner/A-3985-2009 OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.107 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900025 ER PT J AU Hayashi, H Udagawa, Y Kao, CC AF Hayashi, H Udagawa, Y Kao, CC TI Resonant and near-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy and lifetime-broadening-removed XANES of CuO SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE resonant inelastic X-ray scattering; lifetime-broadening-removed XANES; CuO; unoccupied electronic states ID ABSORPTION; EDGE; VALENCE AB Being a second order optical phenomenon, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy can be used to disentangle bound-state excitations from continuous absorption spectrum more effectively than ordinary first order absorption spectroscopy. When the excitation energy is lower than the K absorption threshold by about 10 eV or more, RIXS spectra observed approach a mirror image of 1s-core-hole lifetime-broadening-removed (LBR) XANES spectra, although the scattering intensity is prohibitively weak because of the unsatisfactory resonant condition employed. Approaching closer to the resonance, RIXS intensity increases by several orders of magnitude and concurrently observed is a surprisingly complicated set of spectra which heavily depends on the excitation energies. From each RIXS spectrum obtained under close to the resonant conditions, 1s-core-hole LBR-XANES or 1s- and 2p-core-hole LBR-XANES can be deduced by analytical method or numerical calculations. The RIXS-XANES method has been applied to CuO to reveal an existence of hidden electronic states near the absorption threshold. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. NSLS, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hayashi, H (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Aoba Ku, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM hayashi@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp OI Hayashi, Hisashi/0000-0002-8504-4066 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.065 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900041 ER PT J AU Huotari, S Hamalainen, K Diamant, R Sharon, R Kao, CC Deutsch, A AF Huotari, S Hamalainen, K Diamant, R Sharon, R Kao, CC Deutsch, A TI X-ray hypersatellite spectra of hollow atoms SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE multielectronic transitions; hypersatellite; hollow atom ID BREIT INTERACTION; K-ALPHA; PHOTOIONIZATION; EXCITATION; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; LITHIUM; TRANSITIONS; THRESHOLD; SURFACE AB The K(h)alpha(1.2) and K(h)beta(1.3) hypersatellites (HS), originating in transitions with a double K vacancy as the initial state, have been studied using photoexcitation by monochromatic synchrotron radiation. High-resolution emission spectra, their excitation energy threshold and their evolution with the exciting photon energy from threshold to saturation have been measured for a range of elements. The analysis, done in conjunction with ab initio Dirac-Fock calculations including QED corrections, reveals a good overall agreement between the theory and the experiment. However, small deviations are found, and assigned to an incomplete accounting for the intermediacy of the coupling scheme. The incident-photon energy dependence of the cross-section suggests a pure shake-off (SO) process for the creation of the second K hole in all measured elements. The intensity evolution deviates significantly from the predictions of the regnant theoretical model of Thomas and has a surprisingly large saturation range, which still lacks a theoretical explanation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Xray Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huotari, S (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Div Xray Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM simo.huotari@esrf.fr RI Hamalainen, Keijo/A-3986-2010; OI Hamalainen, Keijo/0000-0002-9234-9810; Huotari, Simo/0000-0003-4506-8722 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.023 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900044 ER PT J AU Guo, JH Luo, Y Augustsson, A Kashtanov, S Rubensson, JE Shuh, D Zhuang, V Ross, P Agren, H Nordgren, J AF Guo, JH Luo, Y Augustsson, A Kashtanov, S Rubensson, JE Shuh, D Zhuang, V Ross, P Agren, H Nordgren, J TI The molecular structure of alcohol-water mixtures determined by soft-X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE alcohol-water mixtures; intermolecular interaction; X-ray absorption; X-ray emission AB We have examined the influence of the intermolecular interaction on the local electronic structure by using X-ray absorption and emission spectra of liquid methanol, water, and their mixtures (in molar ratios of 9:1 and 7:3). We find a strong involvement of hydrogen bonding in the mixing of water and methanol molecules. The local electronic structure of water and methanol clusters, where water cluster is bridging within a 6-member open-ring structured methanol cluster, is separately determined. The experimental findings suggest an incomplete mixing of water-alcohol systems and a strong self- association between methanol chain and water cluster through hydrogen bonding. The enhancement of joint water-methanol open-ring structure owes the explanation to the loss of entropy of the aqueous solutions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov; luo@theochem.kth.se RI Luo, Yi/B-1449-2009; Agren, Hans/H-7715-2016; OI Luo, Yi/0000-0003-0007-0394; Augustsson, Andreas/0000-0002-9463-3700 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 425 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.094 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900065 ER PT J AU Ibrahim, K Qian, HJ Abbas, MI Su, R Wang, JO Wu, ZY Mannella, N Fadley, CS Lapeyre, GJ Baba, Y AF Ibrahim, K Qian, HJ Abbas, MI Su, R Wang, JO Wu, ZY Mannella, N Fadley, CS Lapeyre, GJ Baba, Y TI O 1s2p2p Auger decay in the Pr1-xSrMnO3 (x=0.0, 0.3) system with excitation energies from OK threshold through above Mn L edge SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE auger decay; photon energy dependence; covalency perovskite; oxygen 1s photoionization ID PHOTOEMISSION BEHAVIOR; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; K-EDGE; SPECTROSCOPY; PR1-XSRXMNO3; MANGANITES; FILMS AB We have measured the photon energy dependence of the O 1s2p2p Auger line at the O K threshold, below Mn L-2.3 as well as well above the Mn L-2.3-edge of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganites Pr1-xSrxMnO3 (PSMO) with x = 0.0 and x = 0.3 compositions. Experimental results show that the O 1s2p2p Auger peak splits and it can be best fitted to three component peaks. The relative intensity of the three peaks feature retain essentially similar values, in an experiment allowable error range of several percents, for both composition PSMO at O K threshold and below Mn L-2.3 excitation, but the total intensity fluctuates that reflecting the final state effect characteristic feature. This situation further changes drastically at above Mn L-2.3 excitation energy by increasing the total intensity of x = 0.3 system by a factor of four to that of x = 0.0. These are discussed in terms of possible interatomic response and different valence band DOS for different PSMO compositions in the frame of covalent picture. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Ibrahim, K (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. EM kurash@mail.ihep.ac.cn RI Abbas, Mamatimin/D-2712-2013; OI Abbas, Mamatimin/0000-0003-0222-5994 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.154 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900069 ER PT J AU Kvashnina, KO Butorin, SM Nordgren, J Guo, JH Hjorvarsson, B AF Kvashnina, KO Butorin, SM Nordgren, J Guo, JH Hjorvarsson, B TI Electronic structure of Gd hydrides studied by resonant Inelastic soft X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE insulator; satellites; lanthanum ID SWITCHABLE OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; YTTRIUM AB Spectacular changes in the optical and electrical properties were recently discovered in metal-hydride films of yttrium and lanthanum near their metal-insulator transitions: the dihydrides are excellent metals and the trihydrides are insulators and transparent in the visible part of optical spectrum. Such changes are best described by a model based on negatively charged hydrogen (H-) ions. We have studied the electronic structure of the similar Gd-H system by X-ray Absorption and Resonant Inelastic Soft X-ray Scattering (RIXS) Spectroscopies. During our measurements we found charge transfer excitations, which produce charge-transfer satellite systems. These satellites result support the view that hydrogen is an electron acceptor. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys Mat, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Butorin, SM (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM sergei.butorin@fysik.uu.se RI Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/B-3022-2011; Kvashnina, Kristina/O-2374-2016; OI Kvashnina, Kristina/0000-0003-4447-4542; Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin/0000-0003-1803-9467 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 487 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.077 PG 3 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900076 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ van Buuren, T Willey, TM Bostedt, C Adams, JJ Schaffers, KI Terminello, L Callcott, TA AF Nelson, AJ van Buuren, T Willey, TM Bostedt, C Adams, JJ Schaffers, KI Terminello, L Callcott, TA TI Electronic structure of lanthanum calcium oxoborate LaCa4O(BO3)(3) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE electronic structure; lanthanum calcium oxoborate; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE; VALENCE; OXYGEN; MN AB Lanthanum calcium oxoborate (LaCOB) is a nonlinear optical (NLO) material that belongs to the calcium-rare-earth (R) oxoborate family, with general composition Ca4RO(BO3)(3) (R3+ = La, Sm, Gd, Lu, Y). X-ray photoemission, photoabsorption, and resonant fluorescence were applied to study the electronic structure of this material. High resolution photoemission measurements on the valence band (VB) electronic structure and La 3d and 4d, Ca 2p, B1s, and O1s core lines were used to evaluate the surface and near surface chemistry. Element specific density of unoccupied electronic states in LaCOB were probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the La 3d (M-4,M-5-edge), B1s, and O1s K-edges) absorption edges. Soft X-ray fluorescence was used to further examine valence band states associated with spectral differences noted in the absorption measurements. These results provide the first measurements of the electronic structure and surface chemistry of this rare-earth oxoborate. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, 700 E Ave L-370, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nelson63@llnl.gov RI Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011 OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.079 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900086 ER PT J AU Roca, L Izquierdo, M Avila, J Gu, GD Asensio, MC AF Roca, L Izquierdo, M Avila, J Gu, GD Asensio, MC TI Photon energy and polarization dependence of the fermi surface in optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta superconductors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE angle-resolved photoemission spectra; fermi energy; fermi level ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; T-C SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPECTRA; GAP AB We report angle-resolved photoemission spectra (ARPES) from the Fermi energy (E-F) around the M = (pi, 0) point of the reciprocal space using synchrotron radiation light, for different photon energies and in two different detection geometries. The data make a contribution on the issue of the presence of the band splitting in mono-domain single crystal of high T-c superconductor (HTSC) Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212) optimally doped and the symmetry of the subbands. The energy and polarization dependences of the ARPES matrix elements help disentangle features coming from both subbands, too close to each other to be detected by simple ARPES. The matrix element influence on the photoemission intensity at the Fermi level, allows us to find the evidence of the band splitting, as well as to provide additional information about the symmetry of each subband. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 LURE, F-91898 Orsay, France. Ctr Univ Paris Sud, Inst Ciencia Mat, CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11975 USA. RP Asensio, MC (reprint author), LURE, Bat 209D, F-91898 Orsay, France. EM sensio@lure.u-psud.fr NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 657 EP 661 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.101 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900107 ER PT J AU Nambu, A Bussat, JM West, M Sell, BC Watanabe, M Kay, AW Mannella, N Ludewigt, BA Press, M Turko, B Meddeler, G Zizka, G Spieler, H van der Lippe, H Denes, P Ohta, T Hussain, Z Fadley, CS AF Nambu, A Bussat, JM West, M Sell, BC Watanabe, M Kay, AW Mannella, N Ludewigt, BA Press, M Turko, B Meddeler, G Zizka, G Spieler, H van der Lippe, H Denes, P Ohta, T Hussain, Z Fadley, CS TI An ultrahigh-speed one-dimensional detector for use in synchrotron radiation spectroscopy: first photoemission results SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE time-resolved XPS; fast XPD; surface reactions; high-speed detector; multichannel detector ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PT(111); DIFFRACTION; SURFACES; CO AB We report on the design and construction of a next-generation, ultrahigh-speed, one-dimensional detector for electron and other spectroscopies, and discuss some first experimental results obtained with it. This detector is capable of recording spectra over 768 channels with similar to1.5 channels (similar to75 mum) resolution and with good linearity up to countrates of >1 MHz per channel or >1 GHz overall. In first experiments with it, photoelectron spectra spanning several hundred channels of resolution have been obtained in as little as 50 ms; with future system improvements, this time should be reduced to 150 mus. The data obtained include rapid X-ray photoelectron diffraction scans and time-resolved core-level observations of a surface reaction process. This detector should open up several types of new experiment, including more rapid real-time observations of surface reaction kinetics by means of inner-shell spectroscopies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 94616 USA. RIKEN, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. RP Nambu, A (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM nambu@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 691 EP 697 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.156 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900113 ER PT J AU Boukhvalov, DW Kurmaev, EZ Moewes, A Yablonskikh, MV Chiuzbaian, S Galakhov, VR Finkelstein, LD Neumann, A Katsnelson, MI Dobrovitski, VV Lichtenstein, AL AF Boukhvalov, DW Kurmaev, EZ Moewes, A Yablonskikh, MV Chiuzbaian, S Galakhov, VR Finkelstein, LD Neumann, A Katsnelson, MI Dobrovitski, VV Lichtenstein, AL TI Electron correlation effects in band structure of magnetic clusters Mn-12 and Fe-8 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE resonant inelastic X-ray scattering; magnetic clusters; electronic structure; electron correlation effects ID SPECTRA; MOMENTS; TRANSITION AB We present calculations of electronic structure and local magnetic moment of 3d metals in [Mn12O12(CH3COO)(16)(H2O)(24)].2CH(3)COOH.4H(2)O and I(C6H15N3)(6)Fe8O2(OH)(12)]Br-7(H2O)Br.8H2O, abbreviated Mn-12 and Fe8Br8, respectively. The comparison of calculated and experimental soft X-ray spectra shows that p-d mixing is very sensitive to the value of the local Coulomb repulsion parameter U. This result is found to be in agreement with experimental resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra (RIXS) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), which have been used to study electron correlation effects in magnetic clusters. The O 2p-Me 3d separation found in the experiment, is well reproduced by LDA + U band structure calculations, which include on-site Coulomb interactions. The 3d metal L-2,L-3 RIXS behaviour reflects the presence of the local magnetic moment and confirms the existence of the energy gap in the 3d band of the metal. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Catholic Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Boukhvalov, DW (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Div, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. RI Katsnelson, Mikhail/D-4359-2012; Kurmaev, Ernst/J-4254-2013; Nechkina, Larisa/J-5974-2013; Galakhov, Vadim/J-6030-2013; Lichtenstein, Alexander/K-8730-2012 OI Kurmaev, Ernst/0000-0003-4625-4930; Nechkina, Larisa/0000-0002-6268-7958; Galakhov, Vadim/0000-0002-1642-7362; Lichtenstein, Alexander/0000-0003-0152-7122 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.015 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900119 ER PT J AU Morin, C Hitchcock, AR Cornelius, RM Brash, JL Urquhart, SG Scholl, A Doran, A AF Morin, C Hitchcock, AR Cornelius, RM Brash, JL Urquhart, SG Scholl, A Doran, A TI Selective adsorption of protein on polymer surfaces studied by soft X-ray photoemission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE photoemission electron microscopy; protein mapping; polystyrene; polymethylmethacrylate blend; polymer thin films; biomaterials ID FIBRINOGEN; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; METHACRYLATE) AB X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) using synchrotron radiation illumination in the C 1s, N 1s and O 1s regions has been used to characterize a phase segregated polystyrene/polymethylmethacrylate (PS/PMMA) polymer thin film, and to map the adsorption of fibrinogen (a blood plasma protein) on this surface from both isotonic, buffered, and low ionic strength, unbuffered aqueous solutions at varying fibrinogen concentrations. The concentration dependence of the coverage correlates with independent, non-spatially resolved measurements using I-125-radioiabeled protein. At low concentrations (<0.1 mg/ml) of the buffered solution, adsorption of fibrinogen occurs with strong preference for PS domains. In contrast, adsorption from similar concentrations of unbuffered solution strongly prefers the interface of the PS and PMMA domains. Increasing the solution concentration up to 1 mg/ml of both buffered and unbuffered Solutions leads progressively to full surface coverage (close-packed monolayer). These results demonstrate for the first time that X-PEEM with tunable soft X-rays has the sensitivity to locate and detect adsorbed proteins at the submonolayer level, while simultaneously detecting the spatial distribution of phases, and protein distribution relative to the phases, at the Surface of an underlying microphase separated polymer substrate. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 McMaster Univ, BIMR, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Chem, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hitchcock, AR (reprint author), McMaster Univ, BIMR, Dept Chem, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. EM aph@mcmaster.ca RI Urquhart, Stephen/A-6237-2014; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012 OI Urquhart, Stephen/0000-0002-6415-6341; NR 23 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 785 EP 794 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.158 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900126 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Tomizawa, K Denlinger, JD Perera, RCC AF Muramatsu, Y Tomizawa, K Denlinger, JD Perera, RCC TI Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2003 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; carbon; soft X-rays; X-ray emission; synchrotron radiation ID ALPHA-CLUSTER CALCULATIONS; AMORPHOUS-CARBON FILMS; ABSORPTION AB High-resolution CK X-ray emission spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured using synchrotron radiation. The main peak energies in the PAH X-ray spectra shifted to a higher energy region as the ratio of hydrogenated outer carbon atoms to the non-hydrogenated inner carbon atoms increased. Discrete variational (DV)-Xalpha molecular orbital calculations provided theoretical confirmation that the spectral features depend on the ratio of hydrogenated/non-hydrogenated carbon atoms, which suggests that the features around the main peaks provide the information of the degree of hydrogenation in PAH compounds. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 JAERI, Kansai Res Estab, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Himeji Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), JAERI, Kansai Res Estab, 1-1-1 Kouto, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. EM murama@spring8.or.jp; JDDenlinger@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 137 SI SI BP 823 EP 826 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.006 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 832FF UT WOS:000222251900132 ER PT J AU Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F Costa, LDF AF Tobin, KW Meriaudeau, F Costa, LDF TI Quality control by artificial vision SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ De Bourgogne, Lab Elect Informat & Image, F-71200 Le Creusot, France. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Costa, Luciano/H-5475-2011; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 409 EP 410 DI 10.1117/1.1775236 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 854XX UT WOS:000223938300001 ER PT J AU Bourgeat, P Meriaudeau, F Tobin, KW AF Bourgeat, P Meriaudeau, F Tobin, KW TI Content based segmentation of patterned wafers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc ID ALGORITHMS AB We extend our previous work on the image segmentation of electronic structures on patterned wafers to improve the defect detection process on optical inspection tools. Die-to-die wafer inspection is based on the comparison of the same area on two neighboring dies. The dissimilarities between the images are a result of defects in this area of one of the dies. The noise level can vary from one structure to the other, within the same image. Therefore, segmentation is required to create a mask and apply an optimal threshold in each region. Contrast variation on the texture can affect the response of the parameters used for the segmentation. We show a method to anticipate these variations with a limited number of training samples, and modify the classifier accordingly to improve the segmentation results. (C) 2004 SPIE and IST C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Burgundy, Le2i Lab, F-71200 Le Creusot, France. RP Bourgeat, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Bourgeat, Pierrick/A-1419-2010 OI Bourgeat, Pierrick/0000-0002-2605-4766 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 428 EP 435 DI 10.1117/1.1762518 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 854XX UT WOS:000223938300004 ER PT J AU Bingham, PR Price, JR Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP AF Bingham, PR Price, JR Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP TI Semiconductor sidewall shape estimation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision CY MAY 19-22, 2003 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP UT Battelle, LLC/Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US DOE, Univ Tennessee, Univ Burgundy Le2i, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, SPIE, Soc Mfg Engineers, Machine Vis Assoc ID IMAGES; SEM AB For process control, linewidth measurements are commonly performed on semiconductor wafers using top-down images from critical dimension measurement scanning electron microscopes (CD-SEMs). However, a measure of the line sidewall shape will be required as linewidths continue to shrink. Sidewall shape can be measured by physically cleaving the device and performing an SEM scan of the cross section, but this process is time consuming and results in destruction of product wafers. We develop a technique to estimate sidewall shape from top-down SEM images using pattern recognition based on historical cross section/top-down image pairs. Features are computed on subimages extracted from the top-down images. Several combinations of principal component analysis (PCA) and flavors of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are employed to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors and maximize the spread between different sidewall shapes. Direct, weighted LDA (DW-LDA) results in a feature set that provides the best sidewall shape estimation. Experimental testing of the sidewall estimation system shows a root mean square error of approximately 1.8% of the linewidth, showing that this system is a viable method for estimating sidewall shape with little impact on the fabrication process (no new hardware and a minimal increase in process setup). (C) 2004 SPIE and IST. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM binghampr@ornl.gov OI Bingham, Philip/0000-0003-4616-6084 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 EI 1560-229X J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 13 IS 3 BP 474 EP 485 DI 10.1117/1.1763586 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 854XX UT WOS:000223938300008 ER PT J AU Sever, DM Hopkins, WA AF Sever, DM Hopkins, WA TI Oviductal sperm storage in the ground skink Scincella laterale holbrook (Reptilia : Scincidae) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIZARD; SNAKE; RECEPTACLES AB The reproductive tracts of female ground skinks, Scincella laterale, collected at various times throughout their reproductive cycle were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Examination of the tracts revealed that sperm are retained in the posterior vagina after mating but prior to the ovulation of oocytes. The sperm are not sequestered in specialized glands but occur in scattered clusters in the lumen or among the deep, narrow rugae. The simple columnar lining of the vagina consists mostly of ciliated cells interspersed with occasional secretory cells. After ovulation, as indicated by the presence of eggs in the uterus, sperm are not found in the vagina. No sperm or sperm storage tubules occur in the infundibulum, the characteristic location for sperm storage in scleroglossid squamates that have been studied. Our results are a further indication that too few species have been examined to construct a rigorous phylogenetic hypothesis about the occurrence of sperm storage tubules in lizards. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 St Marys Coll, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Sever, DM (reprint author), SE Louisiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. EM dsever@selu.edu NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-104X J9 J EXP ZOOL PART A JI J. Exp. Zool. Part A PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 301A IS 7 BP 599 EP 611 DI 10.1002/jez.a.52 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 835NB UT WOS:000222489300007 PM 15229870 ER PT J AU Nikitopoulos, DE Fukano, T Lance, M Theofanous, TG Matsumoto, Y O'Hern, TJ Rohatgi, UK AF Nikitopoulos, DE Fukano, T Lance, M Theofanous, TG Matsumoto, Y O'Hern, TJ Rohatgi, UK TI 8th International Symposium on Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Louisiana State Univ, Coll Engn, Ctr Turbine Innovat & Energy Res, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Mech Engn Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Ecole Cent Lyon, Lab Mec Fluides & Acoust, F-69130 Ecully, France. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Risk Studies & Safety, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Risk Studies & Safety, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Mech Engn, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nikitopoulos, DE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Coll Engn, Ctr Turbine Innovat & Energy Res, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Nikitopoulos, Dimitris/N-7469-2015; Lance, Michel/C-3158-2017 OI Lance, Michel/0000-0002-1841-8136 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 505 EP 507 DI 10.1115/1.1812324 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 858WL UT WOS:000224222900001 ER PT J AU Vass, AA Smith, RR Thompson, CV Burnett, MN Wolf, DA Synstelien, JA Dulgerian, N Eckenrode, BA AF Vass, AA Smith, RR Thompson, CV Burnett, MN Wolf, DA Synstelien, JA Dulgerian, N Eckenrode, BA TI Decompositional odor analysis database SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; human decomposition; odor analysis; cadaver dog; buried bodies ID HUMAN REMAINS; CHEMISTRY; SOIL; DOGS AB This study, conducted at the University of Tennessee's Anthropological Research Facility (ARE), describes the establishment of the Decompositional Odor Analysis (DOA) Database for the purpose of developing a man-portable, chemical sensor capable of detecting clandestine burial sites of human remains, thereby mimicking canine olfaction. This "living" database currently spans the first year and a half of burial, providing identification, chemical trends and semi-quantitation of chemicals liberated below, above and at the surface of graves 1.5 to 3.5 ft deep (0.45 to 1.0 m) for four individuals. Triple sorbent traps (TSTs) were used to collect air samples in the field and revealed eight major classes of chemicals containing 424 specific volatile compounds associated with burial decomposition. This research is the first step toward identification of an "odor signature" unique to human decomposition with projected ramifications on cadaver dog training procedures and in the development of field portable analytical instruments which can be used to locate human remains buried in shallow graves. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Fed Bur Invest, Evidence Response Team Unit, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. Fed Bur Invest, Counterterrorism & Forens Sci Res Unit, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. RP Vass, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,X-10,4500S,MS 6101, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 52 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 49 IS 4 BP 760 EP 769 PG 10 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 836GN UT WOS:000222543900014 PM 15317191 ER PT J AU Kondo, Y Morino, Y Takegawa, N Koike, M Kita, K Miyazaki, Y Sachse, GW Vay, SA Avery, MA Flocke, F Weinheimer, AJ Eisele, FL Zondlo, MA Weber, RJ Singh, HB Chen, G Crawford, J Blake, DR Fuelberg, HE Clarke, AD Talbot, RW Sandholm, ST Browell, EV Streets, DG Liley, B AF Kondo, Y Morino, Y Takegawa, N Koike, M Kita, K Miyazaki, Y Sachse, GW Vay, SA Avery, MA Flocke, F Weinheimer, AJ Eisele, FL Zondlo, MA Weber, RJ Singh, HB Chen, G Crawford, J Blake, DR Fuelberg, HE Clarke, AD Talbot, RW Sandholm, ST Browell, EV Streets, DG Liley, B TI Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; ozone; NOy ID TROPICAL TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BOUNDARY-LAYER EXPERIMENT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PEM-WEST; CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT PATHWAYS; FIELD EXPERIMENT AB [1] Aircraft measurements of ozone (O-3) and its precursors ( reactive nitrogen, CO, nonmethane hydrocarbons) were made over the western Pacific during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign, which was conducted during February - April 2001. Biomass burning activity was high over Southeast Asia ( SEA) during this period ( dry season), and convective activity over SEA frequently transported air from the boundary layer to the free troposphere, followed by eastward transport to the sampling region over the western Pacific south of 30 degreesN. This data set allows for systematic investigations of the chemical and physical processes in the outflow from SEA. Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and CO are chosen as primary and secondary tracers, respectively, to gauge the degree of the impact of emissions of trace species from biomass burning. Biomass burning is found to be a major source of reactive nitrogen (NOx, PAN, HNO3, and nitrate) and O-3 in this region from correlations of these species with the tracers. Changes in the abundance of reactive nitrogen during upward transport are quantified from the altitude change of the slopes of the correlations of these species with CO. NOx decreased with altitude due to its oxidation to HNO3. On the other hand, PAN was conserved during transport from the lower to the middle troposphere, consistent with its low water solubility and chemical stability at low temperatures. Large losses of HNO3 and nitrate, which are highly water soluble, occurred in the free troposphere, most likely due to wet removal by precipitation. This has been shown to be the major pathway of NOy loss in the middle troposphere. Increases in the mixing ratios of O-3 and its precursors due to biomass burning in SEA are estimated using the tracers. Enhancements of CO and total reactive nitrogen ( NOy), which are directly emitted from biomass burning, were largest at 2 - 4 km. At this altitude the increases in NOy and O-3 were 810 parts per trillion by volume ( pptv) and 26 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) above their background values of 240 pptv and 31 ppbv, respectively. The slope of the O-3-CO correlation in biomass burning plumes was similar to those observed in fire plumes in northern Australia, Africa, and Canada. The O-3 production efficiency ( OPE) derived from the O-3-CO slope and NOx/CO emission ratio ( ER) is shown to be positively correlated with the C2H4/NOx ER, indicating that the C2H4/NOx ER is a critical parameter in determining the OPE. Comparison of the net O-3 flux across the western Pacific region and total O-3 production due to biomass burning in SEA suggests that about 70% of O-3 produced was transported to the western Pacific. C1 Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SW Sci Inc, Santa Fe, NM USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. EM kondo@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; morino@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; takegawa@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; koike@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kita@env.sci.ibaraki.ac.jp; yuzom@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov; s.a.vay@larc.nasa.gov; m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov; ffl@acd.ucar.edu; wein@ucar.edu; eisele@ucar.edu; mzondlo@swsciences.com; rweber@eas.gatech.edu; hsingh@mail.arc.nasa.gov; g.chen@larc.nasa.gov; j.h.crawford@larc.nasa.gov; drblake@uci.edu; fuelberg@met.fsu.edu; tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu; robert.talbot@unh.edu; scott.sandholm@eas.gatech.edu; edward.v.browell@nasa.gov; dstreets@anl.gov; b.liley@niwa.co.nz RI Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Miyazaki, Yuzo/C-6920-2010; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016; OI Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554; Liley, Ben/0000-0002-8844-7928; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 70 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15S12 DI 10.1029/2003JD004203 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 839JQ UT WOS:000222780600002 ER PT J AU Anastasiou, C Lazopoulos, A AF Anastasiou, C Lazopoulos, A TI Automatic integral reduction for higher order perturbative calculations SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD; NLO computations ID HADRON COLLIDERS; QCD; SCATTERING; EQUATIONS; PROGRAM AB We present a program for the reduction of large systems of integrals to master integrals. The algorithm was first proposed by Laporta; in this paper, we implement it in MAPLE. We also develop two new features which keep the size of intermediate expressions relatively small throughout the calculation. The program requires modest input information from the user and can be used for generic calculations in perturbation theory. C1 SLAC, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Catholic Univ Nijmegen, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP SLAC, Theory Grp, MS81,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM babis@slac.stanford.edu; lazopoul@sci.kun.nl NR 26 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 IS 7 AR 046 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 857NS UT WOS:000224125000046 ER PT J AU Gregoire, T Schwartz, MD Shadmi, Y AF Gregoire, T Schwartz, MD Shadmi, Y TI Massive supergravity and deconstruction SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE field theories in higher dimensions; supersymmetry breaking; supergravity models; superspaces ID SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; SUPERSPACE; GRAVITY; MODEL; SPIN AB We present a simple superfield lagrangian for massive supergravity. It comprises the minimal supergravity lagrangian with interactions as well as mass terms for the metric superfield and the chiral compensator. This is the natural generalization of the Fierz-Pauli lagrangian for massive gravity which comprises mass terms for the metric and its trace. We show that the on-shell bosonic and fermionic fields are degenerate and have the appropriate spins: 2, 3/2, 3/2 and 1. We then study this interacting lagrangian using goldstone superfields. We find that a chiral multiplet of goldstones gets a kinetic term through mixing, just as the scalar goldstone does in the non-supersymmetric case. This produces Planck scale (M-Pl) interactions with matter and all the discontinuities and unitarity bounds associated with massive gravity. In particular, the scale of strong coupling is (M(Pl)m(4))(1/5), where m is the multiplet's mass. Next, we consider applications of massive supergravity to deconstruction. We estimate various quantum effects which generate non-local operators in theory space. As an example, we show that the single massive supergravity multiplet in a 2-site model can serve the function of an extra dimension in anomaly mediation. C1 CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM thomas.gregoire@cern.ch; mdschwartz@lbl.gov; yshadmi@physics.technion.ac.il NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 IS 7 AR 029 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 857NS UT WOS:000224125000029 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ Becher, T Lee, SJ Neubert, M AF Hill, RJ Becher, T Lee, SJ Neubert, M TI Sudakov resummation for subleading SCET currents and heavy-to-fight form factors SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE renormalization group; weakdecays; B-physics; QCD ID COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; QCD FACTORIZATION; EVANESCENT OPERATORS; CONFORMAL OPERATORS; LIGHT CURRENTS; LEADING ORDER; WILSON LOOPS; DECAYS; SYMMETRY AB The hard-scattering contributions to heavy-to-light form factors at large recoil are studied systematically in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). Large logarithms arising from multiple energy scales are resummed by matching QCD onto SCET in two stages via an intermediate effective theory. Anomalous dimensions in the intermediate theory are computed, and their form is shown to be constrained by conformal symmetry. Renormalization-group evolution equations are solved to give a complete leading-order analysis of the hard-scattering contributions, in which all single and double logarithms are resummed. In two cases, spin-symmetry relations for the soft-overlap contributions to form factors are shown not to be broken at any order in perturbation theory by hard-scattering corrections. One-loop matching calculations in the two effective theories are performed in sample cases, for which the relative importance of renormalization-group evolution and matching corrections is investigated. The asymptotic behavior of Sudakov logarithms appearing in the coefficient functions of the soft-overlap and hard-scattering contributions to form factors is analyzed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Cornell Univ, Newman Lab Elementary Particle Phys, Inst High Energy Phenomenol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hill, RJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM rjh@slac.stanford.edu; tgbecher@slac.stanford.edu; sj118@cornell.edu; neubert@mail.lns.cornell.edu RI Lee, Seung/F-9911-2011; Hill, Richard/C-8820-2017 OI Lee, Seung/0000-0002-7756-0407; Hill, Richard/0000-0003-1982-589X NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 IS 7 AR 081 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/07/081 PG 51 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 857NS UT WOS:000224125000081 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Lykken, JD AF Kumar, P Lykken, JD TI Visible sector supersymmetry breaking revisited SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry breaking; supersymmetry phenomenology ID LOW-ENERGY SUPERSYMMETRY; BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRY; SCALE SUPERSYMMETRY; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; LIGHT GRAVITINO; STANDARD MODEL; GAUGE; SUPERGRAVITY; PHENOMENOLOGY; CONSERVATION AB We revisit the possibility of "visible sector" SUSY models: models which are straightforward renormalizable extensions of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), where SUSY is broken at tree level. Models of this type were abandoned twenty years ago due to phenomenological problems, which we review. We then demonstrate that it is possible to construct simple phenomenologically viable visible sector SUSY models. Such models are indeed quite constrained, and have some inelegant features. They also have interesting and distinctive phenomenology. Our models predict light gauginos and very heavy squarks and sleptons. The squarks and sleptons may not be observable at the LHC. The LSP is a stable very light gravitino with a significant Higgsino admixture. The NLSP is mostly Bino. The Higgs boson is naturally heavy. Proton decay is sufficently and naturally suppressed, even for a cutoff scale as low as 10(8) GeV. The lightest particle of the O'Raifeartaigh sector (the LOP) is stable, and is an interesting cold dark matter candidate. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kumar, P (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM piyush@theory.uchicago.edu; lykken@fnal.gov NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 IS 7 AR 001 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 857NS UT WOS:000224125000001 ER PT J AU Skands, P Allanach, BC Baer, H Balazs, C Belanger, G Boudjema, F Djouadi, A Godbole, R Guasch, J Heinemeyer, S Kilian, W Kneur, JL Kraml, S Moortgat, F Moretti, S Muhlleitner, M Porod, W Pukhov, A Richardson, P Schumann, S Slavich, P Spirah, M Weiglein, G AF Skands, P Allanach, BC Baer, H Balazs, C Belanger, G Boudjema, F Djouadi, A Godbole, R Guasch, J Heinemeyer, S Kilian, W Kneur, JL Kraml, S Moortgat, F Moretti, S Muhlleitner, M Porod, W Pukhov, A Richardson, P Schumann, S Slavich, P Spirah, M Weiglein, G TI SUSY Les Houches accord: interfacing SUSY spectrum calculators, decay packages, and event generators SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry phenomenology; supersymmetric standard model; Higgs physics ID SUPERSYMMETRIC SPECTRA; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; STANDARD MODEL; HIGGS BOSONS; PROGRAM; REGULARIZATION; MASSES; MSSM AB An accord specifying a unique set of conventions for supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model together with generic file structures for 1) supersymmetric model specifications and input parameters, 2) electroweak scale supersymmetric mass and coupling spectra, and 3) decay tables is presented, to provide a universal interface between spectrum calculation programs, decay packages, and high energy physics event generators. C1 LAPTH, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, LPMT, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Theoret Studies, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. LMU Munchen, D-80333 Munich, Germany. DESY, Theory Grp, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Instelling Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Univ Durham, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. RP Skands, P (reprint author), Lund Univ, Solvegatan 14A, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM Peter.Skands@thep.lu.se; benjamin.allanach@lapp.in2p3.fr; baer@hep.fsu.edu; balazs@hep.anl.gov; belanger@lapp.in2p3.fr; boudjema@lapp.in2p3.fr; djouadi@lpm.univ-montp2.fr; rohini@cts.iisc.ernet.in; guasch@particle.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de; sven.heinemeyer@cern.ch; kilian@particle.uni-karlsruhe.de; kneur@lpm.univ-montp2.fr; kraml@hephy.oeaw.ac.at; fmoortga@mail.cern.ch; stefano@hep.phys.soton.ac.uk; muehlmm@mail.desy.de; porod@physik.unizh.ch; pukhov@sasha.npi.msu.su; richardn@hep.phy.cam.ac.uk; steffen@theory.phy.tu-dresden.de; slavich@mppmu.mpg.de; michael.spira@psi.ch; georg.weiglein@cern.ch RI Guasch, Jaume/C-5040-2014 OI Guasch, Jaume/0000-0001-9641-5355 NR 30 TC 194 Z9 194 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 IS 7 AR 036 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/07/036 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 857NS UT WOS:000224125000036 ER PT J AU Weier, HUG Weier, JF Renom, MO Zheng, XZJ Colls, P Nureddin, A Chu, LW Racowsky, C Munne, S AF Weier, HUG Weier, JF Renom, MO Zheng, XZJ Colls, P Nureddin, A Chu, LW Racowsky, C Munne, S TI Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and spectral imaging (Sim): Analysis of human oocytes and first polar bodies (1PBs) SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry CY JUL 24-29, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP Histochem Soc C1 UC LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. Reprogenet LLC, Chicago, IL USA. Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 52 SU 1 BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 833QI UT WOS:000222352900182 ER PT J AU Weier, LF Jungi, CK Yan, Z Weier, HUG Chu, LW Wright, AA Fisher, SJ AF Weier, LF Jungi, CK Yan, Z Weier, HUG Chu, LW Wright, AA Fisher, SJ TI Aneuploid cytotrophoblast populations in normal gestation SO JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry CY JUL 24-29, 2004 CL La Jolla, CA SP Histochem Soc C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. UC LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTOCHEMICAL SOC INC PI SEATTLE PA UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOSTRUCTURE, BOX 357420, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA SN 0022-1554 J9 J HISTOCHEM CYTOCHEM JI J. Histochem. Cytochem. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 52 SU 1 BP S48 EP S48 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 833QI UT WOS:000222352900191 ER PT J AU Bradbury, ARM AF Bradbury, ARM TI Antibodies in proteomics - Introduction SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 LANL, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradbury, ARM (reprint author), LANL, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amb@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JUL PY 2004 VL 290 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2004.04.005 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 842QR UT WOS:000223019600001 ER PT J AU Bradbury, ARM Marks, JD AF Bradbury, ARM Marks, JD TI Antibodies from phage antibody libraries SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Review DE antibodies; phage; antibody ID SINGLE-CHAIN FV; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; AFFINITY HUMAN-ANTIBODIES; BY-PASSING IMMUNIZATION; LOXP SPACER REGION; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; T-CELL-RECEPTOR; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; DISPLAY LIBRARY C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Bradbury, ARM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, TA-43,HRL-1,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amb@lanl.gov NR 147 TC 172 Z9 186 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JUL PY 2004 VL 290 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2004.04.007 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 842QR UT WOS:000223019600003 PM 15261570 ER PT J AU Feldhaus, MJ Siegel, RW AF Feldhaus, MJ Siegel, RW TI Yeast display of antibody fragments: a discovery and characterization platform SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Review DE yeast display; scFv library; flow cytometry ID AFFINITY HUMAN-ANTIBODIES; SURFACE DISPLAY; PHAGE DISPLAY; POLYPEPTIDE LIBRARIES; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; THERMAL-STABILITY; FAB; RECOMBINATION; ASSOCIATION; MUTAGENESIS AB Yeast display of antibody fragments has proven to be an efficient and productive means for directed evolution of single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies for increased affinity and thermal stability and, more recently, for the display and screening of a nonimmune scFv and immune Fab libraries. A major strength of yeast display as a novel antibody discovery platform is the ability to characterize the binding properties, i.e., the affinity and epitope binding characteristics, of a clone without the need for subcloning, expression and purification of the scFv. This review focuses on novel attributes of yeast display for antibody engineering endeavors. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Feldhaus, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN,K4-12,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM michael.feldhaus@pnl.gov OI Siegel, Robert/0000-0002-0833-5580 NR 30 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JUL PY 2004 VL 290 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.jim.2004.04.009 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 842QR UT WOS:000223019600005 PM 15261572 ER PT J AU Meriles, CA Sakellariou, D Moule, A Goldman, M Budinger, TF Pines, A AF Meriles, CA Sakellariou, D Moule, A Goldman, M Budinger, TF Pines, A TI High-resolution NMR of static samples by rotation of the magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE rotating field; magic angle field rotation; BO-MAS; high-resolution; hyperpolarized xenon; coherent averaging; field spinning ID MAGIC-ANGLE; ANISOTROPIC SAMPLES; RESONANCE SPECTRA; SPIN COUPLINGS; TIME-REVERSAL; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLIDS; SEQUENCES; HZ AB Mechanical rotation of a sample at 54.7degrees with respect to the static magnetic field, so-called magic-angle spinning (MAS), is currently a routine procedure in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The technique enhances the spectral resolution by averaging away anisotropic spin interactions thereby producing isotropic-like spectra with resolved chemical shifts and scalar Couplings. It should be possible to induce similar effects in a static sample if the direction of the magnetic field is varied, e.g., magic-angle rotation of the B-0 field (B-0-MAS). Here, this principle is experimentally demonstrated in a static sample of solid hyperpolarized xenon at similar to3.4mT. By extension to moderately high fields, it is possible to foresee interesting applications in situations where physical manipulation of the sample is inconvenient or impossible. Such situations are expected to arise in many cases from materials to biomedicine and are particularly relevant to the novel approach of ex situ NMR spectroscopy and imaging. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CEA Saclay, DSM, DRECAM, Serv Phys Etat Condense, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Pines@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/F-2846-2010; Moule, Adam/B-9484-2013 OI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/0000-0001-7424-5543; Moule, Adam/0000-0003-1354-3517 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 169 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.03.023 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 830ZE UT WOS:000222161900002 PM 15183351 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M Tandon, S Zhu, Y De Graef, M AF Beleggia, M Tandon, S Zhu, Y De Graef, M TI On the magnetostatic interactions between nanoparticles of arbitrary shape SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE shape amplitude; magnetostatic energy; dipolar interaction; magnetic nanowires; monopolar interaction ID DEMAGNETIZATION TENSOR; COMPUTATION AB The general expression for the magnetostatic energy of two magnetized nanoparticles with arbitrary shape and magnetization state is derived within the framework of a Fourier space approach. It is shown how the standard dipole-dipole interaction, valid for large interparticle distances, should be modified in order to take into account the shape anisotropy of each particle. Explicit computations are given for a simple system of two interacting cylinders. For magnetic nanowires, i.e., cylinders with a very large aspect ratio, a simple derivation shows that the interaction is of monopolar, rather than dipolar, nature. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM degraef@cmu.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 13 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 278 IS 1-2 BP 270 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1314 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 831ZV UT WOS:000222236900036 ER PT J AU Huber, DL Venturini, EL Martin, JE Provencio, PP Patel, RJ AF Huber, DL Venturini, EL Martin, JE Provencio, PP Patel, RJ TI Synthesis of highly magnetic iron nanoparticles suitable for field structuring using a beta-diketone surfactant SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE iron; nanoparticle; superparamagnetism; susceptibility; saturation magnetization ID SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; COMPOSITES; DISPERSIONS AB We describe the synthesis of highly magnetic iron nanoparticles using a novel surfactant, a beta-diketone. We have produced 6 nm iron nanoparticles with an unusually high saturation magnetization of more than 80% the value of bulk iron. Additionally, we measured a particle susceptibility of 14 (MKS units), which is far above the value possible for micron-scale spherical particles. These properties will allow for formation of composites that can be highly structured by magnetic fields. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Huber, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1421, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlhuber@sandia.gov RI Huber, Dale/A-6006-2008 OI Huber, Dale/0000-0001-6872-8469 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 278 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.1317 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 836BN UT WOS:000222530100004 ER PT J AU Groenewold, GS Van Stipdonk, MJ Gresham, GL Chien, W Bulleigh, K Howard, A AF Groenewold, GS Van Stipdonk, MJ Gresham, GL Chien, W Bulleigh, K Howard, A TI Collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry of desferrioxamine siderophore complexes from electrospray ionization of UO22+, Fe3+ and Ca2+ solutions SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE siderophore; metal complex; hydroxamate; electrospray; collision-induced dissociation; uranium; desferrioxamine ID HEAVY-METAL SORPTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MINERAL SURFACES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FLAVESCENS JG-9; PLUTONIUM; CHEMISTRY; ACTINIDES; LIGANDS; DECORPORATION AB Desferrioxamine (DEF) is a trihydroxamate siderophore typical of those produced by bacteria and fungi for the purpose of scavenging Fe3+ from environments where the element is in short supply. Since this class of molecules has excellent chelating properties, reaction with metal contaminants such as actinide species can also occur. The complexes that are formed can be mobile in the environment. Because the natural environment is extremely diverse, strategies are needed for the identification of metal complexes in aqueous matrices having a high degree of chemical heterogeneity, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been highly effective for the characterization of siderophore-metal complexes. In this study, ESI-MS of solutions containing DEF and either UO22+, Fe3+ or Ca2+ resulted in generation of abundant singly charged ions corresponding to [UO2(DEF-H)](+), [Fe(DEF-2H)](+) and [Ca(DEF-H)](+). In addition, less abundant doubly charged ions were produced. Mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) studies of collision-induced dissociation (CID) reactions of protonated DEF and metal-DEF complexes were contrasted and rationalized in terms of ligand structure. In all cases, the most abundant fragmentation reactions involved cleavage of the hydroxamate moieties, consistent with the idea that they are most actively involved with metal complexation. Singly charged complexes tended to be dominated by cleavage of a single hydroxamate, while competitive fragmentation between two hydroxamate moieties increased when the doubly charged complexes were considered. Rupture of amide bonds was also observed, but these were in general less significant than the hydroxamate fragmentations. Several lower abundance fragmentations were unique to the metal examined: abundant loss of H2O occurred only for the singly charged UO22+ complex. Further, NH3 was eliminated only from the singly charged Fe3+ complex; this and fragmentation of C-C and C-N bonds derived from neither the hydroxamate nor the amide groups suggested that Fe3+ insertion reactions were competing with ligand complexation. In no experiments were coordinating solvent molecules observed, attached either to the intact complexes or to the fragment ions, which indicated that both intact DEF and its fragments were occupying all of the coordination sites around the metal centers. This conclusion was based on previous experiments that showed that undercoordinated UO22+ and Fe3+ readily added H2O and methanol in the ESI quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer that was used in this study. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Groenewold, GS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM gsg@inel.gov NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 39 IS 7 BP 752 EP 761 DI 10.1002/jms.646 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 841RT UT WOS:000222949800005 PM 15282754 ER PT J AU Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Kang, S Aytug, T Cantoni, C Leonard, KJ Payzant, E Christen, HM Goyal, A AF Sathyamurthy, S Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Kang, S Aytug, T Cantoni, C Leonard, KJ Payzant, E Christen, HM Goyal, A TI Chemical solution deposition of lanthanum zirconate barrier layers applied to low-cost coated-conductor fabrication SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; BIAXIALLY TEXTURED NI; J(C) YBCO FILMS; BUFFER LAYERS; LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; EVAPORATION; SUBSTRATE AB Epitaxial lanthanum zirconate (LZO) buffer layers have been grown by sol-gel processing on M-W substrates. We report on the application of these oxide films as seed and barrier layers in coated conductor fabrication as potentially simpler, lower cost coated-conductor architecture. The LZO films, about 80-100-nm thick, were found to have dense, crack-free surfaces with high surface crystallinity. Using 0.2-mum YBCO deposited by pulsed laser deposition, a critical current density of 2 MA/cm(2) has been demonstrated on the LZO films (YBCO/LZO/Ni-W). Using 0.8-mum YBCO deposited using metal organic decomposition, a critical current density of 1.7 MA/cm(2) and a critical current of 135 A/cm have been demonstrated on the LZO barrier layer with a sputtered CeO2 cap layer (YBCO/CeO2/LZO/Ni-W). These results offer promise to replace several of the vacuum-deposited layers in the typical coated conductor architecture (YBCO/CeO2/YSZ/Y2O3/Ni/Ni-W). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Amer Supercond Inc, Westborough, MA USA. RP Sathyamurthy, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sathyamurths@ornl.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 2117 EP 2123 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0281 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 834NQ UT WOS:000222418200025 ER PT J AU Ushakov, SV Navrotsky, A Farmer, JM Boatner, LA AF Ushakov, SV Navrotsky, A Farmer, JM Boatner, LA TI Thermochemistry of the alkali rare-earth double phosphates, A(3)RE(PO4)(2) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CALORIMETRY; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; ALUMINUM-OXIDES; ENTHALPIES; PEROVSKITES; DIRECTIONS; A(2)XO(4); PROGRESS AB The formation enthalpies for alkali rare-earth compounds of the type K3RE(PO4)(2) where RE = Sc, Y, Lu, Er, Ho, Dy, Gd, Nd, or Ce and for A(3)Lu(PO4)(2) compounds with A = K, Rb, or Cs were determined using high-temperature oxide-melt solution calorimetry. Structural phase transitions were observed and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and high-temperature x-ray diffraction. The formation enthalpy of the K3RE(PO4)(2) phases from oxides becomes more exothermic with increasing rare-earth radius for the K3RE(PO4)(2) series and with increasing alkali radius for the A(3)Lu(PO4)(2) compounds. The K3RE(PO4)(2) phases are stable with respect to anhydrous K3PO4 and REPO4. The monoclinic K3RE(PO4)(2) compounds undergo a reversible phase transition to a hexagonal (glaserite-type) structure with a phase transition temperature that increases from -99 to 1197 degreesC with increasing RE ionic radius going from Lu to Ce. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu RI Ushakov, Sergey/C-5501-2008; Ushakov, Sergey/I-7278-2012; Farmer, Matt/C-2571-2016; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Ushakov, Sergey/0000-0002-8184-8884; Farmer, Matt/0000-0002-7279-1847; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 19 IS 7 BP 2165 EP 2175 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0283 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 834NQ UT WOS:000222418200032 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Trice, RW Besser, M Yang, XY Sordelet, D AF Chen, Z Trice, RW Besser, M Yang, XY Sordelet, D TI Air-plasma spraying colloidal solutions of nanosized ceramic powders SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-BARRIER COATINGS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Coatings prepared from nanosized powders were obtained by spraying ethanol-based colloidal solutions into a plasma plume. The powders investigated included 40 nm gamma-Al2O3, 75 nm 8 wt% Y2O3-ZrO2, and 750 nm 25 wt% CeO2-ZrO2. Spray distances from approximately 50 to 63 mm were required to achieve significant coating deposition. As observed in the TEM, the typical lamella morphology of air plasma sprayed oxide coatings was not observed in coatings fabricated from 40 nm gamma-Al2O3, which was comprised of spherical powders that had partially sintered. However, lamellae were observed in the coatings prepared with both nanosized zirconia powders. The characteristic size of the lamella and the grains that comprised the zirconia coatings were nominally a few nanometers. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rtrice@ecn.purdue.edu NR 12 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 13 BP 4171 EP 4178 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000033396.51316.8b PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 833NY UT WOS:000222345900010 ER PT J AU Showalter, RE Visarraga, DB AF Showalter, RE Visarraga, DB TI Double-diffusion models from a highly-heterogeneous medium SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mathematical modeling; homogenization; double-diffusion model; two scale convergence; distributed microstructure model ID SINGLE-PHASE FLOW; HOMOGENIZATION AB A distributed microstructure model is obtained by homogenization from an exact micro-model with continuous temperature and flux for heat diffusion through a periodically distributed highly-heterogeneous medium. This composite medium consists of two flow regions separated by a third region which forms the doubly-porous matrix structure. The homogenized system recognizes the multiple scale processes and the microscale geometry of the local structure, and it quantifies the distributed heat exchange across the internal boundaries. The classical double-diffusion models of Rubinstein (1948) and Barenblatt (1960) are obtained in non-isotropic form for the special case of quasi-static coupling in this homogenized system. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Math, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Showalter, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Math, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM show@math.oregonstate.edu; darrin@math.utexas.edu NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-247X J9 J MATH ANAL APPL JI J. Math. Anal. Appl. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 295 IS 1 BP 191 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2004.03.031 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 830CC UT WOS:000222098200017 ER PT J AU Ting, A AF Ting, A TI Submicron resolution of secondary radiation in LIGA polymethyl-methacryl ate resist exposure SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE LIGA; resist exposure; secondary radiation; undercutting; substrate metalization ID X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; ACCURACY AB Secondary radiation during LIGA polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) resist exposure adversely affects feature definition, sidewall taper, and overall sidewall offset. Additionally, it can degrade the resist adjacent to the substrate, leading to the loss of free-standing features through undercutting during resist development or through mechanical failure of the degraded material. The source of this radiation includes photoelectrons, Auger electrons, fluorescence photons, etc. Sandia's Integrated Tiger Series (ITS), a coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport code, is used to compute dose profiles within 1 to 2 mum of the absorber edge and near the interface of the resist with a metallized substrate. The difficulty of submicron resolution requirement was overcome by solving a few local problems, having carefully designed micron-scale geometries. The results for a 10-keV x-ray photons source indicate a 2-mum dose transition region near the absorber edge, resulting from PMMA photoelectrons. This region leads to sidewall offset and to tapered sidewalls following resist development. The results also show a dose boundary layer of around 1 mum near the substrate interface due to electrons emitted from the substrate metallization layer. The maximum dose at the resist bottom under the absorber can be very high and can lead to feature loss during development. This model is also used to investigate resist doses resulting from multilayer substrate. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ting, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9042, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ating@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1117/1.1759324 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 848KF UT WOS:000223465600005 ER PT J AU Wang, L Christenson, T Desta, YM Fettig, RK Goettert, J AF Wang, L Christenson, T Desta, YM Fettig, RK Goettert, J TI High-resolution x-ray masks for high aspect ratio microelectromechanical systems applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROLITHOGRAPHY MICROFABRICATION AND MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE LIGA; x-ray mask; silicon nitride membrane; intermediate mask; high aspect ratio microstructures (HARMs) ID FABRICATION; LITHOGRAPHY AB The advanced requirements of bio-MEMS and MOEMS, i.e., low sidewall surface roughness, submicron critical dimension, and high aspect ratio, necessitate the use of an intermediate mask and a soft x-ray lithography process to fabricate working x-ray masks that are suitable for deep x-ray lithography. Intermediate masks consist of 2 to 2.5-mum gold patterns on membranes/substrates that are highly transparent to x-ray radiation, whereas working masks possess greater than 5 mum of gold patterns. In this work, 1-mum silicon nitride membranes are produced by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process on both the front and backside of 100 prime grade wafers and anisotropic wet etch through silicon nitride etch masks. E-beam lithography is used to pattern 0.8- to 3-mum-thick resist layers with submicron resolution. In the case of the. 3-mum resist layers, the features are electroplated with approximately 2 mum of gold to form an intermediate mask. The 0.8-mum-thick layers are electroplated with gold up to a thickness of 0.6 mum and form initial masks, which are in turn used in a soft x-ray lithographical process to make intermediate masks. The process of building a high-resolution intermediate x-ray mask, directly by e-beam patterning a 3 mum layer of e-beam resist, followed by gold electroplating, is found to be viable but requires the use of a high energy (> 100 keV) e-beam writer. The stability of the resist pattern during soft x-ray lithography (SXRL) by use of an initial mask is found to be problematic. Double-side lithography and gold electroplating, can effectively reduce the aspect ratio of the mask pattern, eliminates the problems associated with the use of an initial mask to fabricate intermediate x-ray masks. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst Mikrostrukturtech, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. EM wlin@lsu.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1537-1646 J9 J MICROLITH MICROFAB JI J. Microlithogr. Microfabr. Microsyst. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 3 IS 3 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1117/1.1753271 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 848KF UT WOS:000223465600006 ER PT J AU Phinney, LM Lin, G Wellman, J Garcia, A AF Phinney, LM Lin, G Wellman, J Garcia, A TI Surface roughness measurements of micromachined polycrystalline silicon films SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID POLYSILICON FILMS; MEMS; FRICTION; STICTION AB The characteristics of the materials and surfaces in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microsystems technology (MST) profoundly affect the performance, reliability, and wear of MEMS and MST devices. It is critical to measure the properties of surfaces that are in contact during microstructure movement, such as the underside of a MEMS gear and the underlying substrate. However, contacting surfaces are usually inaccessible unless the MEMS device is broken and removed from the substrate. This paper presents a nondestructive method for characterizing commercially fabricated surface micromachined polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) devices. Microhinged flaps were designed that enable access to the upper surface, the part of a structural layer deposited last; the lower surface, the part of a structural layer deposited first; and the underlying substrate. Due to the susceptibility of surface-micromachined MEMS to adhesion failures, the surface roughness is a key parameter for predicting device behavior. Using the microhinged flaps, the RMS surface roughness for polycrystalline surfaces was measured and indicated that the upper surfaces were 3.5-6.4 times rougher than the lower surfaces. The difference in the surface roughness for the upper surface, which is easily accessed and the one most commonly characterized, and that for the lower surface reveals the importance of characterizing contacting surfaces in MEMS and MST devices. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biomed Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Phinney, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 14 IS 7 BP 927 EP 931 AR PII S0960-1317(04)65675-5 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/14/7/012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 843NG UT WOS:000223090000012 ER PT J AU Griffiths, SK AF Griffiths, SK TI Fundamental limitations of LIGA x-ray lithography: sidewall onset, slope and minimum feature size SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ASPECT-RATIO; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; RESOLUTION LIMITS; STRUCTURE QUALITY; PMMA-STRUCTURES; DEEP; ACCURACY; RESIST; MICROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURE AB Analytical and numerical methods are used to examine photoelectron doses and their effect on the dimensions of features produced by deep x-ray lithography. New analytical models describing electron doses are presented and used to compute dose distributions for several feature geometries. The history of development and final feature dimensions are also computed, taking into account the dose field, dissolution kinetics based on measured development rates and the transport of PMMA fragments away from the dissolution front. We find that sidewall offsets, sidewall slope and producible feature sizes all exhibit at least practical minima and that these minima represent fundamental limitations of the LIGA process. The minimum values under optimum conditions are insensitive to the synchrotron spectrum, but depend strongly on resist thickness. This dependence on thickness is well approximated by simple analytical expressions describing the minimum offset, minimum sidewall slope, minimum producible size of positive and negative features, maximum aspect ratio and minimum radius of inside and outside corners. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Griffiths, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 14 IS 7 BP 999 EP 1011 AR PII S0960-1317(04)75387-5 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/14/7/022 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 843NG UT WOS:000223090000022 ER PT J AU Joy, DC Prasad, MS Meyer, HM AF Joy, DC Prasad, MS Meyer, HM TI Experimental secondary electron spectra under SEM conditions SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE electron spectroscopy; microanalysis; secondary electrons ID ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; INSULATORS; MICROSCOPE; EMISSION; METALS AB Secondary electron spectra have been collected from both pure elements and from compounds examined under conditions approximating those found in a scanning electron microscope. Despite the presence of substantial surface contamination these spectra are found to be reproducible and characteristic of the underlying material. Typically the peak in such spectra is found to be at an energy of about 5 eV and 50% of the total secondary electron emission falls within the range 0-12 eV These data may be of value for the design of detectors for scanning microscopy and might have applications for microanalysis. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Joy, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM djoy@utk.edu NR 18 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 215 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01345.x PN 1 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 838AH UT WOS:000222685000009 PM 15230878 ER PT J AU Wall, JS Gupta, V Wilkerson, M Schell, M Loris, R Adams, P Solomon, A Stevens, F Dealwis, C AF Wall, JS Gupta, V Wilkerson, M Schell, M Loris, R Adams, P Solomon, A Stevens, F Dealwis, C TI Structural basis of light chain amyloidogenicity: comparison of the thermodynamic properties, fibrillogenic potential and tertiary structural features of four V(lambda)6 proteins SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; three-dimensional structure; amyloid; light chains; fibrillogenesis ID AMYLOID FIBRIL FORMATION; THERMAL-STABILITY; AL AMYLOIDOSIS; PRION PROTEIN; AGGREGATION; DISEASE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CONSEQUENCES; DIFFRACTION; MICROSCOPY AB Primary (AL) amyloidosis results from the pathologic deposition of monoclonal light chains as amyloid fibrils. Studies of recombinant-derived variable region (V-L) fragments of these proteins have shown an inverse relationship between thermodynamic stability and fibrillogenic potential. Further, ionic interactions within the V-L domain were predicted to influence the kinetics of light chain fibrillogenicity, as evidenced from our analyses of a relatively stable V(lambda)6 protein (Jto) with a long range electrostatic interaction between Asp and Arg side chains at position 29 and 68, respectively, and an unstable, highly fibrillogenic V(lambda)6 protein (Wil) that had neutral amino acids at these locations. To test this hypothesis, we have generated two Jto-related mutants designed to disrupt the interaction between Asp 29 and Arg 68 (JtoD29A and JtoR68S). Although the thermodynamic stabilities of unfolding for these two molecules were identical, they exhibited very different kinetics of fibril formation: the rate of JtoD29A fibrillogenesis was slow and comparable to the parent molecule, whereas that of JtoR68S was significantly faster. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analyses of crystals prepared from the two mutants having the same space group and unit cell dimensions revealed no significant main-chain conformational changes. However, several notable side-chain alterations were observed in JtoR68S, as compared with JtoD29A, that resulted in the solvent exposure of a greater hydrophobic surface and modifications in the electrostatic potential surface. We posit that these differences contributed to the enhanced fibrillogenic potential of the Arg 68 mutant, since both Jto mutants lacked the intrachain ionic interaction and were equivalently unstable. The information gleaned from our studies has provided insight into structural parameters that in addition to overall thermodynamic stability, contribute to the fibril forming propensity of immunoglobulin light chains. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Human Immunol & Canc Program, Grad Sch Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Free Univ Brussels, ULTR, Sintgenesius Rode, Belgium. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Excellence Struct Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dealwis, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, M407 Walters Life Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cdealwis@utk.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA10056] NR 53 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1002/jmr.681 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 835VG UT WOS:000222513000004 PM 15227639 ER PT J AU Meyer, B Borsa, F Martin, SW AF Meyer, B Borsa, F Martin, SW TI Structure and properties of lithium thio-boro-germanate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE ORDER; S-33 NMR; B-11 NMR; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LI-7 NMR; POLYCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTORS AB Structural studies of the ternary xLi(2)S + (1 - x)[0.5B(2)S(3) + 0.5GeS(2)] glasses using IR, Raman, and B-11 NMR show that the Li2S is not shared proportionately between the GeS2 and B2S3 sub-networks of the glass. The IR spectra indicate that the B2S3 glass network is under-doped in comparison to the corresponding composition in the xLi(2)S + (1 - x)B2S3 binary system. Additionally, the Raman spectra show that the GeS2 glass network is over-modified. Surprisingly, however, the (11)Boron static NMR gives evidence that similar to80% of the boron atoms are in tetrahedral coordinated. A super macro tetrahedron, B10S18-6 is proposed as one of the structures in these glasses in which can account for the apparent low fraction of Li2S present in the B2S3 sub-network while at the same time enabling the high fraction of tetrahedral borons in the glass. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Martin, SW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2322 Howe Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM swmartin@iastate.edu NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 337 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.03.116 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 836BP UT WOS:000222530300011 ER PT J AU Singh, BN Golubov, SI Trinkaus, H Edwards, DJ Eldrup, M AF Singh, BN Golubov, SI Trinkaus, H Edwards, DJ Eldrup, M TI Review: Evolution of stacking fault tetrahedra and its role in defect accumulation under cascade damage conditions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID QUENCHED GOLD; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; POINT-DEFECTS; PURE COPPER; OFHC-COPPER; FCC METALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; VACANCIES; DISLOCATIONS AB In order to help understand the evolution of stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) in a cascade producing irradiation environment, the available information on the behaviour of SFTs observed under different experimental conditions has been briefly reviewed. Effects of thermal annealing and irradiations on the stability of pre-existing SFTs produced by quenching and aging are also included in the review. Some results on the effects of thermal annealing of irradiation-induced SFTs are presented and discussed. The analysis of these observations leads to three significant conclusions: (a) during irradiation SFTs produced in the cascades are likely to interact with vacancies, self-interstitial atoms (SIAs) and SIA clusters, (b) interaction with SIAs and their clusters may cause both shrinkage and transformation of SFTs into Frank loops and (c) both during irradiation and annealing the lifetime of SFTs is determined not only by their thermal stability but also by their stability against transformation to loops. These facts must be taken into account in the theoretical treatments of damage accumulation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Struct & Performance Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singh, BN (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM bachu.singh@risoe.dk NR 67 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 2-3 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.05.001 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 838TV UT WOS:000222737100001 ER PT J AU Johnson, AL Parsons, D Manzerova, J Perry, DL Koury, D Hosterman, B Farley, JW AF Johnson, AL Parsons, D Manzerova, J Perry, DL Koury, D Hosterman, B Farley, JW TI Spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of the corrosion of 316/316L stainless steel by lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at elevated temperatures: importance of surface preparation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FLOWING LEAD; PB-BI; OXIDATION; TESTS; ALLOY; MECHANISM; BEHAVIOR; METALS AB The corrosion of steel by lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is an important issue in proposed nuclear transmutation schemes. Russian scientists at the IPPE exposed steel samples to oxygen-controlled LBE at temperatures up to 823 K and exposure times up to 3000 It. We have characterized these post-exposure steel samples and unexposed controls, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Previous researchers have investigated the corrosion by LBE of steel of varying composition. In the present work, we compared two samples having the same composition (standard nuclear grade 316/316L) but different surface preparation: a cold-rolled sample was compared with an annealed sample. The cold-rolled sample had an order of magnitude less corrosion (i.e., both lower oxidation and less weight change) than the annealed sample. Sputter depth profiling of the exposed annealed sample and cold-rolled sample showed a marked difference in oxide layer composition between the annealed and cold-rolled samples. The annealed sample showed a complex oxide structure (iron oxide over chromium/iron oxide mixtures) of tens of microns thickness, while the cold-rolled sample was covered with a rather simple, primarily chromium oxide layer of similar to1 mum thickness. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Johnson, AL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 S Maryland Parkway,POB 4003, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM aljohnson@ccmail.nevada.edu NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 2-3 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.03.006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 838TV UT WOS:000222737100002 ER PT J AU Surh, MP Sturgeon, JB Wolfer, WG AF Surh, MP Sturgeon, JB Wolfer, WG TI Vacancy cluster evolution and swelling in irradiated 316 stainless steel SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; AUSTENITIC ALLOYS; DOSE-RATE; STEEL; GROWTH; CREEP AB A recently developed master equation and Fokker-Planck method for cluster-nucleation and growth simulations is applied to a model of impurity-free type-316 stainless steel under irradiation. The evolution of the void size distribution is treated in full generality, although the dislocation density is held constant versus time and temperature. The simulations reproduce several observed characteristics of irradiation swelling, involving a brief incubation delay followed by quasi-steady swelling. The predicted incubation period shows a clear dose-rate response-lower irradiation flux requires less total fluence to complete the incubation process. This trend is consistent with some recent experimental reports. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sturgeon, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-353, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sturgeon2@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 2-3 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.03.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 838TV UT WOS:000222737100005 ER PT J AU Farr, JD Schulze, RK Neu, MP AF Farr, JD Schulze, RK Neu, MP TI Surface chemistry of Pu oxides SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE; SOLUBILITY; PUO2+X; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROLYSIS; SORPTION; WATER; NP AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to examine the surface chemistry of a variety of Pu(IV) compounds, including PuO2 and Pu(OH)(4). The Pu 4f, O Is and C Is binding energy regions were line shape fit to unequivocally demonstrate that multiple species are present. Surface hydroxyls were ubiquitous in all PuO2 samples exposed to H2O vapor or ambient air, and persisted with heating to 590 degreesC. Active surface sites for the reaction of H2O and other small molecules and spectral features consistent with pure stoichiometric No, can be regenerated by thermal energy or by effects of a radiation field. Evidence of higher valence Pu species was observed in some treated samples with the formula PuO2+x. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87455 USA. RP Farr, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G721,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87455 USA. EM d.farr@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 2-3 BP 124 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.001 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 838TV UT WOS:000222737100007 ER PT J AU Smith, RE AF Smith, RE TI Drying characteristics of thorium fuel corrosion products SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE-WATER SYSTEM; THORIA/NITRIC/HYDROFLUORIC ACID SYSTEM; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; GRAVIMETRIC ADSORPTION; DISSOLUTION MECHANISMS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; SURFACE AREA; IMMERSION; HEATS; CARBONATE AB The open literature and accessible US Department of Energy-sponsored reports were reviewed for the dehydration and rehydration characteristics of potential corrosion products from thorium metal and thorium oxide nuclear fuels. Mixed oxides were not specifically examined unless data were given for performance of mixed thorium-uranium fuels. Thorium metal generally corrodes to thorium oxide. Physisorbed water is readily removed by heating to approximately 200 degreesC. Complete removal of chemisorbed water requires heating above 1000 degreesC. Thorium oxide adsorbs water well in excess of the amount needed to cover the oxide surface by chemisorption. The adsorption of water appears to be a surface phenomenon; it does not lead to bulk conversion of the solid oxide to the hydroxide. Adsorptive capacity depends on both the specific surface area and the porosity of the thorium oxide. Heat treatment by calcination or sintering reduces the adsorption capacity substantially from the thorium oxide produced by metal corrosion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Smith, RE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rzl@inel.gov NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 2-3 BP 215 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.333 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 838TV UT WOS:000222737100014 ER PT J AU Wood, GO AF Wood, GO TI Estimating service lives of organic vapor cartridges II: A single vapor at all humidities SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE cartridge; humidity; organic vapor; respirator; service life ID ACTIVATED CARBON BEDS; PURIFYING RESPIRATOR CARTRIDGES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ADSORPTION CAPACITY; DYNAMIC ADSORPTION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CHARCOAL BEDS; FIELD METHOD; WATER-VAPOR; BREAKTHROUGH AB A widely used equation model for estimating service lives of organic vapor air-purifying respirator cartridges has been updated with more recent research results. It has been expanded to account for effects of high relative humidities. Adsorption capacity competition between water vapor and organic vapor is largely explained by mutual exclusion of adsorption volume of the activated carbon. The Dubinin/Radushkevich equation is used to describe the adsorption isotherms of both water and organic vapors. Effects of relative humidity and adsorbed water on adsorption rates are described by an empirical correlation with breakthrough times. The dynamic natures of adsorption and competition are incorporated using an expanding. zone model with displaced water rollup. The complete model has been tested and verified with published and unpublished data from many sources. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ing Hyg & Safety Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wood, GO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ing Hyg & Safety Grp, Mail Stop K-486, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Berry@lanl.gov NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 1 IS 7 BP 472 EP 492 DI 10.1080/15459620490467792 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 833XX UT WOS:000222376100011 PM 15238318 ER PT J AU Giesbrecht, GR Collis, GE Gordon, JC Clark, DL Scott, BL Hardman, NJ AF Giesbrecht, GR Collis, GE Gordon, JC Clark, DL Scott, BL Hardman, NJ TI Mono-cyclopentadienyl complexes of lanthanum: synthesis and characterization of anilido derivatives SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lanthanum; bulky cyclopentadienyl; anilido ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; OLEFIN HYDROAMINATION/CYCLIZATION; MONO(CYCLOPENTADIENYL) COMPLEXES; ORGANOLANTHANIDE CATALYSTS; ASYMMETRIC CATALYSIS; ANCILLARY LIGANDS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; AMIDO COMPLEXES; GROUP-3 METALS AB Use of the bulky cyclopentadienyl ligand [eta(5)-C5H2(SiMe3)(3)-1,2,4](-) (Cp''') allows for the isolation of monomeric, mono-ring lanthanide species. As previously reported, (Cp''')K reacts with LaI3 (THF)(4) (THF = tetrahydrofuran) in THF/pyridine to form the mono-ring complex (Cp''')LaI2(py)(3) (1) (py=pyridine); a minor product of this reaction is the bis-ring species (Cp''')(2)LaI(py) (2). The solid state structure of 2 reveals a monomeric compound containing a pseudo-tetrahedral metal center exhibiting no unusual intramolecular contacts. Addition of one equiv of KNHAr (Ar = 2,6-(Pr2C6H3)-Pr-i) to complex I in THF generates the mono-anilido compound (Cp''')LaI(NHAr)(THF)(2) (3), which may be converted to the more stable pyridine adduct (Cp)LaI(NHAr)(py)(2) (4) by the addition of pyridine to 3. An X-ray crystal structure of 3 indicated a trigonal bipyramidal metal center with the anilido group oriented trans to the iodide atom (NI-Lal-II = 123.1(3)degrees). A structural study on the bis-pyridine adduct 4 revealed a similar C,symmetric structure with a slightly increased N-anilido-La-I angle of 132.1(2)degrees. Addition of KNHAr to the di-iodo bipyridine adduct (Cp)LaI2(bipy)(py) (5). in which the two iodide atoms are cis-disposed, yields the mono-anilido complex (Cp)LaI(NHAr)(bipy)(py) (6) (bipy = 2,2-bipyridine); this compound may also be prepared by the addition of bipy to (Cp)LaI(NHAr)(py)(2) (4). An X-ray diffraction study shows that the lanthanum center in 6 is octahedrally coordinated by a Cp"' ring, an iodide, an anilido group, a pyridine molecule and two nitrogens of a bipy molecule. In this case, the anilido moiety and the iodide ligand are arranged in a cis fashion (N-anilido-La-I = 111.2(2)degrees), resulting in a complex with C-1 symmetry. Both (Cp"')LaI(NHAr)(py)(2) (4) and (Cp)LaI(NHAr)(bipy)(py) (6) are inactive as catalysts for the hydroamination/cyclization of 2-amino-hex-5-ene. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, NMT Div, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Giesbrecht, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NMT Div, Div Chem, Mailstop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM garth@lanl.gov RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Collis, Gavin/D-6343-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 689 IS 13 BP 2177 EP 2185 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.03.042 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 829VZ UT WOS:000222079900004 ER PT J AU Veil, J AF Veil, J TI Health, safety, and environment - Overview SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Water Policy Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Veil, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Water Policy Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR,, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 USA SN 0149-2136 J9 J PETROL TECHNOL JI J. Pet. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 56 IS 7 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA 833LH UT WOS:000222338300012 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K AF Balasubramanian, K TI Nonrigid group theory, tunneling splittings, and nuclear spin statistics of water pentamer: (H2O)(5) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NON-RIGID MOLECULES; CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; SYMMETRY GROUPS; REPRESENTATIONS; CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; TRIMER; REARRANGEMENTS; VIBRATION AB The character table of the fully nonrigid water pentamer, (H2O)(5), is derived for the first time. The group of all feasible permutations is the wreath product group S-5[S-2] and it consists of 3840 operations divided into 36 conjugacy classes and irreducible representations. We have shown that the full character table can be constructed using elegant matrix type generator algebra. The character table has been applied to the water pentamer by obtaining the nuclear spin statistical weights of the rovibronic levels and tunneling splittings of the fully nonrigid pentamer. We have also obtained the statistical weights and tunneling splittings of a semirigid deuterated pentamer that exhibits pseudorotation with an averaged C-5h (G(10)) symmetry used in the assignment of vibration-rotation-tunneling spectra. It is also shown that the previously considered group G(320) for water pentamer of feasible permutations is a subgroup of the full group and is the direct product of wreath product C-5[S-2] and the inversion group. The correlation tables have been constructed for the semirigid (G(10)) to nonrigid (G(3840)) groups for the rotational levels and tunneling levels. The nuclear spin statistical weights have also been derived for both the limits and through the use of subduced representations the corresponding information can be obtained for G(320) as well from G(3840). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kbala@ucdavis.edu NR 33 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 13 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 26 BP 5527 EP 5536 DI 10.1021/jp049955k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 832PG UT WOS:000222278800005 ER PT J AU Krasnoperov, LN Michael, JV AF Krasnoperov, LN Michael, JV TI Shock tube studies using a novel multipass absorption cell: Rate constant results for OH+H-2 and OH+C2H6 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RATE COEFFICIENTS; METHYL RADICALS; OH; KINETICS; TEMPERATURE; H-2; PHOTOLYSIS; ALKANES; ETHANE; WAVES AB The reflected shock tube technique with a novel multipass absorption spectrometric detection method has been used to study two OH-radical reactions: OH + H-2 --> H2O + H(1), and OH + C2H6 --> H2O + C2H5 (2). Reaction 1 was chosen in order to test the method against earlier rate constant determinations. The measurements on both reactions were performed in single-shot experiments with low initial concentrations of hydroxyl radicals, [OH](0) = (5-15) x 10(12) molecule cm(-3), which allowed reliable isolation of the elementary reactions. The measured rate constants are: k(1) = 5.44 x 10(-11) exp(-3220 K/T) (832-1359 K), and k(2) = 1.10 x 10(-10) exp(-2537 K/T) (822-1367 K), both in cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The present study extends the experimental T-range for reaction 2. This new work and earlier lower-T studies have been combined to give a new evaluation, k(2) = 2.68 x 10(-18) (T/K)(2.224) exp(-373 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). An ab initio potential energy surface was additionally used to derive a theoretical expression for this reaction. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, D-193,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmichael@anl.gov RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 30 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 26 BP 5643 EP 5648 DI 10.1021/jp040186e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 832PG UT WOS:000222278800018 ER PT J AU Choi, SH Wood, BR Bell, AT Janicke, MT Ott, KC AF Choi, SH Wood, BR Bell, AT Janicke, MT Ott, KC TI X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the local environment of Fe in Fe/Al-MFI SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID N2O DECOMPOSITION; EXTRAFRAMEWORK IRON; SILICALITE CATALYSTS; FEMFI ZEOLITES; NITROUS-OXIDE; ZSM-5 ZEOLITE; LIGHT-OFF; PRE-EDGE; OXIDATION; BENZENE AB An MFI zeolite framework containing iron and aluminum has been prepared and characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis indicates that in the as-prepared zeolite Fe is present in the framework but migrates to extraframework sites upon thermal activation at elevated temperature. In the absence of framework Al, Fe forms small particles of Fe3O4. When Al is included in the zeolite, extraframework Fe associates with framework Al in a manner identical to that observed in Fe-exchanged H-ZSM-5. Therefore, the presence of framework Al in the MFI structure plays a critical role in stabilizing atomically dispersed Fe. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bell@echem.berkeley.edu RI Choi, Sun Hee/L-1315-2015; OI Choi, Sun Hee/0000-0001-6093-7573; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 26 BP 8970 EP 8975 DI 10.1021/jp040065c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 832PJ UT WOS:000222279100034 ER PT J AU Dimitrijevic, NM Rajh, T Saponjic, ZV de la Garza, L Tiede, DM AF Dimitrijevic, NM Rajh, T Saponjic, ZV de la Garza, L Tiede, DM TI Light-induced charge separation and redox chemistry at the surface of TiO2/host-guest hybrid nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ULTRAFAST DIFFRACTION; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; SPIN-RESONANCE; TIO2 COLLOIDS; EPR; FERRICENIUM; COMPLEXATION; RECOGNITION AB The photoinduced charge transfer between guest molecules and hybrid TiO2/cyclodextrin nanoparticles was studied using low-temperature EPR and cyclic voltammetry. The photoexcitation of TiO2 at 4.6 K yields to the localization of valence band holes at carboxyl groups of surface-conjugated cyclodextrin and conduction band electrons at lattice Ti atoms. The presence of I-adamantanol in the cyclodextrin cavity does not affect charge separation and trapping because of its unfavorable oxidation potential. However, when ferrocenemethanol (E-ox = 0.52 V vs NHE) was used as the guest molecule the formation of ferrocenium cation was observed, revealing electron transfer from guest molecules to TiO2 nanoparticles. This results in dissociation of the host-guest assembly because of repulsion of the charged ion from the hydrophobic cavity of cyclodextrin into the bulk of the aqueous solution and consequently leads to efficient charge separation and redox chemistry. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dimitrijevic, NM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dimitrijevic@anl.gov NR 43 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 26 BP 9105 EP 9110 DI 10.1021/jp049028d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 832PJ UT WOS:000222279100052 ER PT J AU Tavares, FW Bratko, D Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM AF Tavares, FW Bratko, D Blanch, HW Prausnitz, JM TI Ion-specific effects in the colloid-colloid or protein-protein potential of mean force: Role of salt-macroion van der Waals interactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER INTERACTION; SURFACE-TENSION; ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION; VANDERWAALS INTERACTIONS; COUNTERION CONDENSATION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; HOFMEISTER-SERIES; DISPERSION FORCES; PHASE-SEPARATION; MONTE-CARLO AB In an aqueous electrolyte solution, the potential of mean force (PMF) for two macroions is affected not only by the size and charge of each electrolyte ion but also by the ion's polarizability. The Lifshitz theory provides a basis for calculating the van der Waals interaction between cation-colloid, anion-colloid, cation-cation, and anion-anion pairs. Monte Carlo simulations are used to determine how salt identity affects the PMF between colloidal particles or globular proteins in a saline solution, a phenomenon observed experimentally by Hofmeister for aqueous proteins more than 100 years ago. The calculations show that the PMF and, hence, solution phase behavior are sensitive to the van der Waals interaction between an ion and a macroion. The calculations described here may be useful for interpretation of experimental phase diagrams and for guiding design of separation processes where a salt is used to induce colloid or protein precipitation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prausnitz, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM prausnit@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 69 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 26 BP 9228 EP 9235 DI 10.1021/jp037809t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 832PJ UT WOS:000222279100068 ER PT J AU Connolley, WM Gregory, JM Hunke, E McLaren, AJ AF Connolley, WM Gregory, JM Hunke, E McLaren, AJ TI On the consistent scaling of terms in the sea-ice dynamics equation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MODEL AB The standard way in which the sea-ice dynamics equation is used in models assumes that the wind stress and ocean drag do not depend on the sea-ice concentration. It is demonstrated that this assumption is inconsistent with the free-drift limit, and how great an effect it has in practice is examined. By examining the momentum balance in the free-drift limit, the authors determine the proper area scaling for the forcing terms, thereby obtaining a more accurate solution, particularly in low-ice-concentration regions. C1 British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Global Atmospher Modelling, Reading, Berks, England. Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Exeter, Devon, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Connolley, WM (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM wmc@bas.ac.uk RI Gregory, Jonathan/J-2939-2016 OI Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1776 EP 1780 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<1776:OTCSOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 839NC UT WOS:000222790800019 ER PT J AU Trepakov, VA Prosandeev, SA Savinov, ME Galinetto, P Samoggia, G Kapphan, SE Jastrabik, L Boatner, LA AF Trepakov, VA Prosandeev, SA Savinov, ME Galinetto, P Samoggia, G Kapphan, SE Jastrabik, L Boatner, LA TI Low-temperature phase transformations in weakly doped quantum paraelectrics: novel features and quantum reentrant dipolar glass state in KTa0.982Nb0.018O SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM TANTALATE-NIOBATE; PEROVSKITE SOLID-SOLUTIONS; SOFT-MODE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; DILUTE KTA1-XNBXO3; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; LIGHT-SCATTERING; KTAO3; TRANSITIONS AB An unusual sequence of phase transitions (PT) and reentrant dipole glass-like phase formation at low temperatures was found recently in KTaO3 weakly doped with Li and Nb (K0.9986Li0.0014Ta0.976Nb0.024O3) [Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 172]. We report on detailed low frequency (100 Hz-1 MHz) permittivity and Raman light scattering studies of similar composition, but without Li admixture, KTa1-xNbxO3 with x = 0.018 (KTN1.8). The aim of the study is to answer the question if the reentrant dipole glass-like phase exists in KTN1.8 and what is the microscopic origin of this phase. A detailed study of the sharp low-temperature PT observed at T-C similar to 27 K revealed properties inherent to the reentrant glass-type state at lower temperatures. The substitution of Nb for Ta influences the TOI soft lattice mode and leads to PT with the long-range ferroelectric ordering. A crossover to an order-disorder polar microregion dynamics with a non-standard epsilon'(T) behaviour and dipole glass-like formation were found below T-C (at similar to 15 K), which is attributed to the randomness of the Nb distribution. A crossover to the Iona-range order was found under a dc bias field. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Phys AS CR, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Rostov State Univ, Dept Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Univ Osnabruck, Fachbereich Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Inst Phys AS CR, Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. EM savinov@fzu.cz RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014; Savinov, Maxim/H-2417-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 71 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JUL PY 2004 VL 65 IS 7 BP 1317 EP 1327 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2004.02.012 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 828OH UT WOS:000221982100015 ER PT J AU Chang, DY Bass, SA Srivastava, DK AF Chang, DY Bass, SA Srivastava, DK TI Strangeness production at RHIC in the perturbative regime SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HADRON-PRODUCTION; CHEMICAL EQUILIBRATION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PARTON-CASCADES; AU COLLISIONS; QCD; ENHANCEMENT; EVOLUTION AB We investigate strange quark production in Au-Au collisions at RHIC in the framework of the parton cascade model (PCM). The yields of (anti-) strange quarks for three production scenarios-primary-primary scattering, full scattering, and full production-are compared to a proton-proton baseline. The enhancement of the strange quark yield in central Au-Au collisions compared to scaled p-p collisions increases with the number of secondary interactions. The centrality dependence of strangeness production for the three production scenarios is studied as well. For all production mechanisms, the strangeness yield increases with (N-part)(4/3). The perturbative QCD regime described by the PCM is able to account for up to 50% of the observed strangeness at RHIC. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. RP Chang, DY (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM dyc3@phy.duke.edu OI Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 30 IS 7 BP L7 EP L15 AR PII S0954-3899(04)77688-4 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/7/L02 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 850FH UT WOS:000223596100002 ER PT J AU De Zilwa, S Zilliac, G Reinath, M Karabeyoglu, A AF De Zilwa, S Zilliac, G Reinath, M Karabeyoglu, A TI Time-resolved fuel-grain port diameter measurement in hybrid rockets SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 39th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 20, 2003 CL Huntsville, AL SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID REGRESSION RATES AB A novel technique is presented for determining the instantaneous spatially averaged port diameter of solid-fuel grains in hybrid rocket motors. This technique requires measurement of the frequency of the Helmholtz oscillation of the motor and is based on the principle that this frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the chamber volume. This technique was applied to a hybrid rocket motor burning paraffin wax with gaseous oxygen. The calculated variation of port diameter agreed well with the correlation for average regression rate, determined from mass loss during operation. A major advantage is that the only instrumentation required for implementing this technique is a high-speed pressure transducer or a photomultiplier tube. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP De Zilwa, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 20 IS 4 BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.2514/1.2188 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 840DC UT WOS:000222836200011 ER PT J AU Rao, RS Visuri, SR McBride, MT Albala, JS Matthews, DL Coleman, MA AF Rao, RS Visuri, SR McBride, MT Albala, JS Matthews, DL Coleman, MA TI Comparison of multiplexed techniques for detection of bacterial and viral proteins SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE microarray; multiplex assay; bead-based assay; Luminex; detection; immunoassay ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MICROARRAYS; IMMUNOASSAY; ELISA AB Immobilized antibody microarrays were compared to the Luminex flow cytometry system that utilizes suspensions of polystyrene microbeads covalently coupled with capture antibodies. The two immunoassays were performed for comparison of reproducibility, limits of detection and dynamic range. The Luminex system showed lower limits of detection and increased dynamic range among samples whereas the protein microarrays could be more amenable to miniaturization. Both technologies were capable of sensitive multiplexed detection. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coleman, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-448,7000 E Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM coleman16@llnl.gov OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 NR 20 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 736 EP 742 DI 10.1021/pr034130t PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 846ME UT WOS:000223319000006 PM 15359726 ER PT J AU Strittmatter, EF Kangas, LJ Petritis, K Mottaz, HM Anderson, GA Shen, YF Jacobs, JM Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Strittmatter, EF Kangas, LJ Petritis, K Mottaz, HM Anderson, GA Shen, YF Jacobs, JM Camp, DG Smith, RD TI Application of peptide LC retention time information in a discriminant function for peptide identification by tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; proteome; algorithm; accurate mass and time tag; multivariate statistics; capillary liquid-chromatography; retention time; FTICR ID CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH-THROUGHPUT PROTEOMICS; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; ACCURATE MASS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; DATABASE SEARCH; YEAST PROTEOME; IONIZATION; TAGS; PREDICTION AB We describe the application of a peptide retention time reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) prediction model previously reported (Petritis et al. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 1039) for improved peptide identification. The model uses peptide sequence information to generate a theoretical (predicted) elution time that can be compared with the observed elution time. Using data from a set of known proteins, the retention time parameter was incorporated into a discriminant function for use with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data analyzed with the peptide/protein identification program SEQUEST. For singly charged ions, the number of confident identifications increased by 12% when the elution time metric is included compared to when mass spectral data is the sole source of information in the context of a Drosophila melanogaster database. A 3-4% improvement was obtained for doubly and triply charged ions for the same biological system. Application to the larger Rattus norvegicus (rat) and human proteome databases resulted in an 8-9% overall increase in the number of confident identifications, when both the discriminant function and elution time are used. The effect of adding "runner-up" hits (peptide matches that are not the highest scoring for a spectra) from SEQUEST is also explored, and we find that the number of confident identifications is further increased by 1% when these hits are also considered. Finally, application of the discriminant functions derived in this work with similar to2.2 million spectra from over three hundred LC-MS/MS analyses of peptides from human plasma protein resulted in a 16% increase in confident peptide identifications (9022 vs 7779) using elution time information. Further improvements from the use of elution time information can be expected as both the experimental control of elution time reproducibility and the predictive capability are improved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN,K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Petritis, Konstantinos/F-2156-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522] NR 42 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 760 EP 769 DI 10.1021/pr049965y PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 846ME UT WOS:000223319000009 PM 15359729 ER PT J AU Goldfarb, HB Borror, CM Montgomery, DC Anderson-Cook, CM AF Goldfarb, HB Borror, CM Montgomery, DC Anderson-Cook, CM TI Evaluating mixture-process designs with control and noise variables SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fraction of design space plots; mixture experiments; response surface methodology; robust parameter design; variance dispersion graphs ID RESPONSE-SURFACE DESIGNS; VARIANCE DISPERSION GRAPHS; PREDICTION CAPABILITY; 2ND-ORDER; FRACTION; MODELS; SPACE AB Mixture-process experiments involve two distinct types of variables. The mixture variables are varied through their relative proportions and cannot be adjusted independently. The process variables can be varied independently of one another and of the mixture components. When some of the process variables are noise variables, variables that cannot be controlled in normal process operation, we are in a robust design setting. In these situations, it is customary to fit a response model combining mixture, process, and noise variables and to derive a model for the mean response and a model for the variance of the response for this response model. The variance model is directly related to the directional derivative (slope) of the response surface in the directions of the noise variables. We develop expressions for the scaled and unscaled prediction variances of both the mean and slope models. We then demonstrate the use of variance dispersion graphs (VDGs) and fraction of design space (FDS) plots of the prediction variance values to evaluate a variety of competing designs for such settings. C1 Dial Corp, Scottsdale, AZ 85254 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldfarb, HB (reprint author), Dial Corp, Scottsdale, AZ 85254 USA. EM goldfarb@dialcorp.com; conni@drexel.edu; doug.montgomery@asu.edu; candcook@vt.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 245 EP 262 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 836BD UT WOS:000222528800001 ER PT J AU Heredia-Langner, A Montgomery, DC Carlyle, WM Borror, CM AF Heredia-Langner, A Montgomery, DC Carlyle, WM Borror, CM TI Model-robust optimal designs: A genetic algorithm approach SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE computer generated designs; multiobjective optimization; response surface methodology ID REGRESSION; CONSTRUCTION AB A model-robust design is an experimental array that has high efficiency with respect to a particular optimization criterion for every member of a set of candidate models that are of interest to the experimenter. We present a technique to construct model-robust alphabetically-optimal designs using genetic algorithms. The technique is useful in situations where computer-generated designs are most likely to be employed, particularly experiments with mixtures and response surface experiments in constrained regions. Examples illustrating the procedure are provided. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Heredia-Langner, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Alejandro.Heredia-Langner@pnl.gov; doug.montgomery@asu.edu; mcarlyle@nps.navy.mil NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 36 IS 3 BP 263 EP 279 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 836BD UT WOS:000222528800002 ER PT J AU Pucci, V Raggi, MA Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Pucci, V Raggi, MA Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI Monolithic columns with a gradient of functionalities prepared via photoinitiated grafting for separations using capillary electrochromatography SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE capillary electrochromatography; column technology; monolith; stationary phase; gradient of functionality; polymer ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RIGID POLYMER MONOLITHS; STATIONARY PHASES; POROUS PROPERTIES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ION-EXCHANGE; ELUTION; MEDIA; SYSTEM; ACIDS AB Stationary phases for capillary electrochromatography with a longitudinal gradient of functionalities have been prepared via photoinitiated grafting of polymer chains onto the pore surface of a porous polymer monolith. In order to achieve the desired retention and electroosmotic flow, the hydrophobic poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith with optimized porous properties was grafted with a layer of ionizable polymer, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid). A moving shutter and a neutral density filter were used to control the dose of UV light received at different locations along the monolith in order to create the longitudinal gradient of functionalities. Formation of the desired gradients was confirmed using electron probe microanalysis of different locations along the column. The preparation technique significantly affects performance in the CEC mode as demonstrated on the separations of a model mixture using columns both with homogeneous distribution of grafts and with a gradient of functionality. Columns grafted with the gradient of functionalities were found superior to those functionalized uniformly. A comparison of the performance of the gradient column with another containing evenly distributed functionalities showed the performance benefits of the "gradient" column. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Bologna, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Bologna, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Svec, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM svec@uclink4.berkeley.edu RI Raggi, Maria Augusta/A-4545-2011; OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 40 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 10-11 BP 779 EP 788 DI 10.1002/jssc.200401828 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 840KB UT WOS:000222856300004 PM 15354555 ER PT J AU Miyabe, K Guiochon, G AF Miyabe, K Guiochon, G TI Characterization of monolithic columns for HPLC SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE monolithic column; characterization; physico-chemical properties; adsorption equilibrium thermodynamics; affinity energy distribution; mass transfer kinetics ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RIGID POLYMER MONOLITHS; MASS-TRANSFER KINETICS; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; OVERLOADED BAND PROFILES; POROUS SILICA COLUMNS; SOL-GEL SYSTEM; SEPARATION MEDIA; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASES AB Monolithic stationary phases and columns have rapidly become highly popular separation media for liquid chromatography, in spite of their recent discovery. However, their most important features have not yet been completely clarified. A complete understanding of their performance and of their intrinsic characteristics will require the systematic acquisition of many series of reliable experimental data and their consistent analysis from different points of view. Progress in their design and production requires now that the chromatographic behavior of monolithic columns be studied in close connection with their physico-chemical and structural properties. The main goal of this review is to summarize fundamental information on some physico-chemical and chromatographic characteristics of monolithic stationary phases and columns for RPLC. The material reviewed deals only with silica-based monolithic columns. First, structural information on the porosities and the size of the pores in monolithic columns is reported. Second, results of chromatographic studies that deal with the characterization of monolithic columns are summarized. Third, results of detailed studies made on the adsorption equilibrium and the surface heterogeneity of monolithic stationary phases are presented. Finally, results on the mass transfer kinetics in monolithic columns derived from the applications of the classical random-walk model and of the moment theory to a new model of the monolith are discussed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Toyama Univ, Fac Engn, Toyama 9308555, Japan. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 57 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 27 IS 10-11 BP 853 EP 873 DI 10.1002/jssc.200401772 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 840KB UT WOS:000222856300012 PM 15354563 ER PT J AU Ice, GE AF Ice, GE TI Cullie Sparks, 1929-2004 - Obituary SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 11 BP 303 EP 303 DI 10.1107/S0909049504014402 PN 4 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 831ZY UT WOS:000222237400001 ER PT J AU Jiang, JS Sweet, RM AF Jiang, JS Sweet, RM TI Protein Data Bank depositions from synchrotron sources SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE PDB deposition; synchrotron radiation facilities; structural genomics ID FREE R-VALUE; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; REFINEMENT AB A survey and analysis of Protein Data Bank (PDB) depositions from international synchrotron radiation facilities, based on the latest released PDB entries, are reported. The results (http://asdp.bnl.gov/asda/Libraries/) show that worldwide, every year since 1999, more than 50% of the deposited X-ray structures have used synchrotron facilities, reaching 75% by 2003. In this web-based database, all PDB entries among individual synchrotron beamlines are archived, synchronized with the weekly PDB release. Statistics regarding the quality of experimental data and the refined model for all structures are presented, and these are analysed to reflect the impact of synchrotron sources. The results confirm the common impression that synchrotron sources extend the size of structures that can be solved with equivalent or better quality than home sources. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jiang, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jiang@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR12408]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P50-GM62529] NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 11 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1107/S0909049504013792 PN 4 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 831ZY UT WOS:000222237400005 PM 15211038 ER PT J AU Zhang, XG Simpson, WA Vitek, JM Barnard, DJ Tweed, LJ Foley, J AF Zhang, XG Simpson, WA Vitek, JM Barnard, DJ Tweed, LJ Foley, J TI Ultrasonic attenuation due to grain boundary scattering in copper and copper-aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Ultrasonic attenuation in copper and copper-aluminum samples is measured as a function of frequency and average grain size. At low frequencies the attenuation scales quadratically with the frequency and linearly with average grain size. In addition, there is a large difference in attenuation between powder metallurgy samples and cast-and-wrought samples, although their qualitative behaviors are similar both in terms of frequency dependence and grain size dependence. Such difference and the discrepancy with the existing theory may point to mechanisms of scattering by grain boundaries that are not included in the current theoretical model. (C) 2004 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 116 IS 1 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1121/1.1744752 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 837XN UT WOS:000222674800010 ER PT J AU Borglin, SE Hazen, TC Oldenburg, CM Zawislanski, PT AF Borglin, SE Hazen, TC Oldenburg, CM Zawislanski, PT TI Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic biotreatment of municipal solid waste SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LANDFILLS AB To increase the operating lifetime of landfills and to lower leachate treatment costs, an increasing number of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are being managed as either aerobic or anaerobic bioreactors. Landfill gas composition, respiration rates, and subsidence were measured for 400 days in 200-L tanks filled with fresh waste materials to compare the relative effectiveness of the two treatments. Tanks were prepared to provide the following conditions: (1) air injection and leachate recirculation (aerobic), (2) leachate recirculation (anaerobic), and (3) no treatment (anaerobic). Respiration tests on the aerobic wet tank showed a steady decrease in oxygen consumption rates from 1.3 mol/day at 20 days to 0.1 mol/day at 400 days. Aerobic wet tanks produced, on average, 6 mol of carbon dioxide (CO2)/kg of MSW as compared with anaerobic wet tanks, which produced 2.2 mol methane/kg of MSW and 2.0 mol CO2/kg methane. Over the test period, the aerobic tanks settled on average 35%, anaerobic tanks settled 21.7%, and the no-treatment tank settled 7.5%, equivalent to overall mass loss in the corresponding reactors. Aerobic tanks reduced stabilization time and produced negligible odor compared with anaerobic tanks, possibly because of the 2 orders of magnitude lower leachate ammonia levels in the aerobic tank. Both treatment regimes provide the opportunity for disposal and remediation of liquid waste. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LFR Levin Fricke, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Borglin, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM seborglin@lbl.gov RI Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 18 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 16 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 54 IS 7 BP 815 EP 822 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835VM UT WOS:000222513600007 PM 15303294 ER PT J AU Becher, PF Ferber, MK AF Becher, PF Ferber, MK TI Temperature-dependent viscosity of SiREAl-based classes as a function of N : O and RE : Al ratios (RE = La, Gd, Y, and Lu) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARTH ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; SILICON-NITRIDE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SIALON GLASSES; CREEP; ELASTICITY; CERAMICS; MODEL; RANGE AB Tailoring glass compositions can raise the viscosity of SiREAI oxynitride glasses. In the present study, viscosity data are obtained by determining the compressive creep response of bulk glasses in air. The findings reveal that increasing both the nitrogen-to-oxygen and the yttrium-to-aluminum ratios of the glasses shifts the glass viscosity to higher temperatures. In addition, the substitution of progressively smaller rare earths in the glass composition results in a further increase in the glass viscosity. These effects have important implications in the creep resistance of silicon nitride ceramics where the amorphous intergranular films are a major factor in creep resistance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Becher, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 39 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1274 EP 1279 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07722.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 841KD UT WOS:000222927800015 ER PT J AU Rager, J Zipperle, A Sharma, A MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Rager, J Zipperle, A Sharma, A MacManus-Driscoll, JL TI Oxygen stoichiometry in Sr(2)FeMoO(6), the determination of Fe and Mo valence states, and the chemical phase diagram of SrO-Fe(3)O(4)-MoO(3) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-PEROVSKITE; THIN-FILMS AB Phase diagram studies of the system SrO-FeO(4)-MoO(3) were undertaken in Ar/1% H(2) at 1200degreesC with particular emphasis on the region near Sr(2)FeMoO(6) (SFMO). We find that Sr(2)FeMoO(6) is not a point compound but is part of the Sr(2+x)Fe(2-x)Mo(x)O(y) solid solution region. The oxygen stoichiometry,y, in Sr(2)Fe(2-x)Mo(x)O(y) was also determined across the solid solution region. Using the experimental data and by invoking a substitution model based on preferential substitution of similar ionic radii for Mo ions on the Fe ion sites, it was possible, for the first time, to calculate the individual Fe and Mo valence states in the substituted samples. In Ar/1% H(2) at 1200degreesC, Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) and Mo(5+)/Mo(6+) are present in Sr(2)Fe(2-x)-Mo(x)O(y). With increasing Mo substitution, the amount of Fe(3+) decreases. In the ideal Sr(2)FeMoO(y) composition, we predict the amounts of Fe(2+), Fe(3+), Mo(5+), and Mo(6+) to be equal. In Ar/1% H(2) at 1200degreesC, there is a predominance of Mo(5+) in Sr(2)FeMoO(y) because the oxygen stoichiometry, y, in SFMO has a value of only 5.8. Hence such processing conditions are too reducing. The work predicts the processing conditions for optimizing film and bulk properties, as well as explaining why there is a wide variability of reported sample properties in the literature. To optimize the magnetoresistive properties of Sr(2)FeMoO(6), it is critical (a) to carefully select the correct annealing atmosphere to obtain oxygen stoichiometric Sr(2)FeMoO(6) and (b) to control cation composition; otherwise nonstoichiometric Sr(2)Fe(2-x)Mo(x)O(y) will form instead of Sr(2)FeMoO(6). C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Max Planck Inst Met Res, Pulvermet Lab, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP MacManus-Driscoll, JL (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1330 EP 1335 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07730.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 841KD UT WOS:000222927800024 ER PT J AU Todd, PJ McMahon, JM McCandlish, CA AF Todd, PJ McMahon, JM McCandlish, CA TI Secondary ion images of the developing rat brain SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TISSUE; SYSTEM AB Secondary ion images were obtained from sections of rat brain over a 21 day postnatal period, using the intensity of m/z 184, phosphocholine. When compared with corresponding optical images of similar, but stained sections from the same animal, the secondary ion images appear to reflect less developed brains. During development, myelination occurs after axon extension. Apparently, myelination obscures the source of secondary m/z 184, phosphatidylcholine, from the analyzing ion probe; absenting myelination, secondary ion images show no physiological features. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Todd, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS-6365,1 Bethal Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM toddpj@ornl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM41617] NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.04.029 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 834DU UT WOS:000222392600019 PM 15234370 ER PT J AU Liu, YG Daum, PH AF Liu, YG Daum, PH TI Parameterization of the autoconversion process. Part I: Analytical formulation of the Kessler-type parameterizations SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; SPECTRAL DISPERSION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; COLLECTION AB Various commonly used Kessler-type parameterizations of the autoconversion of cloud droplets to embryonic raindrops are theoretically derived from the same formalism by applying the generalized mean value theorem for integrals to the general collection equation. The new formalism clearly reveals the approximations and assumptions that are implicitly embedded in these different parameterizations. A new Kessler-type parameterization is further derived by eliminating the incorrect and/or unnecessary assumptions inherent in the existing Kessler-type parameterizations. The new parameterization exhibits a different dependence on liquid water content and droplet concentration, and provides theoretical explanations for the multitude of values assigned to the tunable coefficients associated with the commonly used parameterizations. Relative dispersion of the cloud droplet size distribution (defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean radius of the cloud droplet size distribution) is explicitly included in the new parameterization, allowing for investigation of the influences of the relative dispersion on the autoconversion rate and, hence, on the second indirect aerosol effect. The new analytical parameterization compares favorably with those parameterizations empirically obtained by curve-fitting results from simulations of detailed microphysical models. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, YG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Bldg 815E,75 Rutherford Dr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lyg@bnl.gov RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011 NR 37 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 13 BP 1539 EP 1548 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1539:POTAPI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 835CV UT WOS:000222458500005 ER PT J AU Piper, M Lundquist, JK AF Piper, M Lundquist, JK TI Surface layer turbulence measurements during a frontal passage SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOCAL ISOTROPY; COLD-FRONT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SCALE TURBULENCE; DISSIPATION RATE; VELOCITY-FIELD; KINETIC-ENERGY; SPECTRA AB Very little is known about the nature of turbulence in the transition zone of a synoptic-scale cold front, especially at the dissipative scales. Lacking this knowledge, accurate models of surface frontogenesis are compromised. To address this problem, high-frequency measurements from sonic and hot-wire anemometers are used to analyze the finescale turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) within a cold front observed in the MICROFRONTS field experiment. To quantify the turbulence in the front, velocity spectra and dissipation rates are calculated as functions of time and stability in the ASL. The normalized first and second moments of the one-dimensional velocity spectrum conform to the scaling suggested by Kolmogorov's equilibrium hypotheses, even during the intense turbulence associated with the frontal passage. The spectra compare well with other data collected at high Re l in the ASL, but not as well with a recent model of the dissipative range of turbulence. Dissipation rate e is calculated with one direct and two indirect techniques. The calculations from the different techniques compare well with one another and, when nondimensionalized, with a historical expression for dissipation rate as a function of ASL stability. The magnitude of the dissipation rate increases by an order of magnitude to a maximum value of similar to1.2 m(2) s(-3) during the frontal passage compared to prefrontal values of similar to0.05 m(2) s(-3); the latter is typical for a slightly stable nighttime boundary layer over land. These results can be used in assessing the effects of turbulence in traditional semigeostrophic models of frontal collapse. The dissipation rate calculations may be of particular use to modelers. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lundquist, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jkl@llnl.gov OI LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702 NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 61 IS 14 BP 1768 EP 1780 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<1768:SLTMDA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 841CR UT WOS:000222907400009 ER PT J AU Seong, MJ Cheong, HM Yoon, S Mascarenhas, A Geisz, JF Hanna, MC AF Seong, MJ Cheong, HM Yoon, S Mascarenhas, A Geisz, JF Hanna, MC TI Resonant Raman study on the nitrogen-induced electronic states in GaAs1-xNx SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Advanced Materials and Devices CY DEC 10-12, 2003 CL Jeju, SOUTH KOREA DE III-V-N semiconductor alloy; resonant raman scattering; isoelectronic; bandgap bowing; resonant state; band repulsion ID COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE; ALLOYS; PHOTOCURRENT; SCATTERING; GAAS AB Nitrogen-induced electronic states, encompassing E-0 through E+, in GaAs1-xNx (0.2 % less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1.3 %) have been probed using resonant Raman scattering. We have observed strong Raman intensity resonance enhancement for the L and X zone boundary phonons as well as the zone center F phonons for excitations near the E+ transition, which provides unambiguous evidence of significant L and X components in the wave function of the nitrogen-induced E+ state in GaAs1-xNx. The resonant Raman scattering profile for the asymmetric line-width broadening of the LO phonon exhibits two distinct maxima attributed to states arising from a splitting of the quadruply degenerate conduction band near the L-point. C1 Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Seong, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mseong@cau.ac.kr RI Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 839PA UT WOS:000222795800049 ER PT J AU Hosoito, N Sano, H Tanaka, T Miya, S Yamaguchi, Y Hashizume, H Srajer, G Lang, JC AF Hosoito, N Sano, H Tanaka, T Miya, S Yamaguchi, Y Hashizume, H Srajer, G Lang, JC TI Twisted-type magnetic structures of thin Dy layers in an Fe/Dy multilayer film determined by resonant X-ray magnetic diffraction SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE resonant X-ray magnetic diffraction; twisted structure; magnetic depth profile; Fe/Dy multilayer ID ARTIFICIAL SUPERSTRUCTURED FILMS; GD/FE MULTILAYERS; SCATTERING; SUPERLATTICES AB Using the resonant X-ray magnetic diffraction technique with circularly polarized X-rays at the Dy L-3 absorption edge, depth-resolved in-plane magnetization components of Dy layers parallel and perpendicular to the applied field are determined at temperatures between 50 and 300 K in the magnetic field of 3.5 kOe applied in the film plane. The depth-resolved magnetic structures of the Dy layer in an Fe(5.06 nm)/Dy(1.63 nm) multilayer indicate that the parallel components for the interface sublayers are antiparallel to the applied field at all temperatures and that those for the inner sublayers are parallel at 170 and 300 K. All the sublayers have the perpendicular components at all temperatures. The interface sublayers are strongly magnetized at all temperatures with magnetizations directed nearly antiparallel to the applied field. The determined magnetic structures indicate that the thin Dy layer is not a simple ferromagnet but has the twisted-type magnetic structure between 50 and 300 K. In contrast to the Fe/Gd multilayers, the twisted magnetic structure of the Dy layer is likely to originate in the helical magnetic interaction between the Dy atoms as in bulk Dy metal. C1 Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Res & Educ Ctr Mat Sci, Ikoma, Nara 6300101, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Interdisciplinary Sci & Technol, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facilities Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hosoito, N (reprint author), Nara Inst Sci & Technol, Res & Educ Ctr Mat Sci, Ikoma, Nara 6300101, Japan. EM hosoito@ms.naist.jp NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 73 IS 7 BP 1962 EP 1969 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.73.1962 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 839AN UT WOS:000222755800057 ER PT J AU Druckenbrod, DL Shugart, HH AF Druckenbrod, DL Shugart, HH TI Forest history of James Madison's Montpelier Plantation SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE dendrochronology; disturbance reconstruction; forest history; James Madison; Montpelier; Monte Carlo; radial-growth averaging ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LAND-USE HISTORY; DISTURBANCE HISTORY; HARDWOOD FOREST; GROWTH; VIRGINIA; PATTERNS; PIEDMONT; DENDROECOLOGY; VEGETATION AB DRUCKENBROD, D. L. (Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6036) and H. H. SHUGART (Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123). Forest history of James Madison's Montpelier Plantation. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 204-219. 2004-Combining dendrochronological and documentary reconstructions, this paper investigates the history of the forests at James Madison's Montpelier plantation in the Virginia piedmont from their earliest written account in 1716 through the designation of a National Natural Landmark (NNL) forest in 1987. This forest, informally known as the 'Big Woods,' currently features a live basal area of 43.06 +/- 3.44 m(2) (.) ha(-1) (95% Confidence limits) and is dominated by Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya, and Quercus species. Quercus alba tree rings from both the NNL forest and from a forest on Mount Emerson, also located within Montpelier, are used to generate two separate, canopy-disturbance chronologies dating to the early 1700s. Additionally, ages of Q. alba and other tree species provide estimates of decadal establishment in both forests. Comparing these dendrochronological reconstructions of forest history with an analysis of letters and descriptive information from the Madison family and more recent landowners clarifies both the timing and relative magnitude of disturbance and establishment events set forth by the documentary reconstructions. Furthermore, this comparison also reveals that disturbance and establishment events in these two forests frequently coincide with changes in land use and ownership with notable canopy disturbances occurring in 1749, 1880s, 1920s, and 1987 and an establishment episode in the mid-1800s. These events have most likely increased the dominance of L. tulipifera; however, both forests still retain trees that pre-date Madison-family settlement. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Druckenbrod, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM druckenbrodd@ornl.gov RI Druckenbrod, Daniel/L-4717-2013; Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009; OI Druckenbrod, Daniel/0000-0003-2998-0017 NR 74 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2004 VL 131 IS 3 BP 204 EP 219 DI 10.2307/4126951 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 860NX UT WOS:000224351400003 ER PT J AU Dickrell, PL Sawyer, WG Erdemir, A AF Dickrell, PL Sawyer, WG Erdemir, A TI Fractional coverage model for the adsorption and removal of gas species and application to superlow friction diamond-like carbon SO JOURNAL OF TRIBOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE LUBRICATION; DLC COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; CONTACTS AB The frictional behavior of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films varies with environmental condition. One theory asserts that the cause of variations in the frictional performance is environmental contaminants adsorbing onto the DLC film surface. Testing of the frictional performance of DLC films in a pin-on-disk contact has mapped the transient behavior of the friction coefficient. A model for fractional coverage, based on the adsorption of environmental contaminants and their removal through the pin contact, is developed. The rate of adsorption is taken from Langmuir model [17], which is combined with the removal ratio from Blanchet and Sawyer [18]. The coefficient of friction is based on the average fractional coverage under the pin contact. The model also gives a closed-form expression for the steady-state fractional coverage. Model calculations compared favorably to the time progression of the friction coefficient for a series of earlier experiments on a super-low friction DLC coating [7], when the fractional removal term was allowed to increase with increasing sliding speed. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dickrell, PL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Sawyer, Wallace/A-7983-2008 OI Sawyer, Wallace/0000-0002-4461-7227 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4787 J9 J TRIBOL-T ASME JI J. Tribol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2004 VL 126 IS 3 BP 615 EP 619 DI 10.1115/1.1739408 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 838GD UT WOS:000222700600027 ER PT J AU Jagannadham, K Lance, MJ Watkins, TR AF Jagannadham, K Lance, MJ Watkins, TR TI Growth of diamond film on single crystal lithium niobate for surface acoustic wave devices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS AB Single crystalline lithium niobate thin films on diamond are useful for surface acoustic wave devices that operate at gigahertz frequency. The differences in the atomic bonding and crystalline structure between the lithium niobate and diamond and the high interfacial energy were responsible for formation of microcrystalline films of lithium niobate deposited on polycrystalline diamond. We have carried out growth of continuous diamond layer on single crystal lithium niobate by microwave chemical vapor deposition to overcome the above deficiencies. The temperature of the substrate during deposition has been maintained near 700degreesC to reduce the loss of lithium from lithium niobate and to reduce the thermal stresses. Characterization by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the lithium niobate lattice is preserved without incorporation of carbon and the diamond layer is free from graphitic carbon. The integrated lithium niobate-diamond layered structure is shown to be suitable for surface acoustic wave devices. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jagannadham, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jag_kasichainula@ncsu.edu RI Jagannadham, Kasichainula/A-2953-2008; Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016; Lance, Michael/I-8417-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329; Lance, Michael/0000-0001-5167-5452 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1109 DI 10.1116/1.1740770 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000004 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Cooke, DW Schulze, RK Averitt, RD Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, LG Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Cooke, DW Schulze, RK Averitt, RD Nastasi, M TI Incorporation of fluorine in hydrogenated silicon carbide films deposited by pulsed glow discharge SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; AMORPHOUS-CARBON FILMS; SURFACE-SCIENCE ASPECTS; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-IMPACT; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CROSS-SECTIONS AB The incorporation of fluorine in hydrogenated silicon carbide films was carried out by pulsed glow discharge deposition, and its effects on the structure, mechanical, optical, and surface properties were investigated. Fluorine incorporation occurs mostly in the form of single Si-F bonds and no C-F bonds were revealed by infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Films with higher F contents have lower Si/C ratios, and the excess of C favors the formation of graphitic agglomerates which decrease the hardness of the films. Films with 16 at. % F exhibit 10 GPa hardness. Our results indicate that the chemical states in which F is incorporated into a-SiC:H films play important roles in the surface and optical properties. C-F bonds, in opposition to Si-F bonds, control the wettability and optical gap of this material. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8 G755,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1116/1.1764820 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000025 ER PT J AU Harvey, SE Le Pimpec, F Kirby, RE Marcelja, F Adamson, K Garwin, EL AF Harvey, SE Le Pimpec, F Kirby, RE Marcelja, F Adamson, K Garwin, EL TI Surface analysis of oxygen free electrolytic-copper X-band accelerating structures and possible correlation to radio frequency breakdown events SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AVS International Symposium CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS ID HIGH-VOLTAGE INSULATION; PERSPECTIVES AB X-band accelerator structures meeting the next linear collider design requirements have been found to suffer vacuum surface damage caused by rf breakdown, when processed to high electric-field gradients. Improved understanding of these breakdown events is desirable for the development of structure designs, fabrication procedures, and processing techniques that minimize structure damage. rf reflected wave analysis and acoustic sensor pickup have provided breakdowns localization in rf structures. Particle contaminations found following clean autopsy of four rf-processed traveling wave structures have been catalogued and analyzed. Their influence on rf breakdown, as well as that of several other material-based properties, are discussed. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kirby, RE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rek@slac.stanford.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1326 EP 1330 DI 10.1116/1.1701865 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000039 ER PT J AU Aguirre-Tostado, FS Herrera-Gomez, A Woicik, JC Droopad, R Yu, Z Schlom, DG Karapetrova, J Zschack, P Pianetta, P AF Aguirre-Tostado, FS Herrera-Gomez, A Woicik, JC Droopad, R Yu, Z Schlom, DG Karapetrova, J Zschack, P Pianetta, P TI Displacive phase transition in SrTiO3 thin films grown on Si(001) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AVS International Symposium CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS ID ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; FINE-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; FERROELECTRICITY; SILICON; BATIO3 AB Polarization dependent near and extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (XANES and EXAFS), in combination with x-ray diffraction, has been used to study the structure of SrTiO3 (STO) ultra thin films grown on Si(001). For the in-plane direction (200), the x-ray diffraction data indicate that all films (from 40 to 200 Angstrom) are equally expanded. This is in contradiction to previous reports claiming that the growth is pseudomorphic and epitaxial (coherent), which would predict an inplane contraction. Even the thinnest films (40 A) grow in a relaxed mode (not coherent) at the deposition temperature (700 degreesC). As the system is brought to room temperature, the films (now anchored to the substrate) are not allowed to compress as much as bulk STO. The residual film expansion is quantitatively explained by the differential thermal expansion of Si and STO. For the out-of-plane direction (002), the x-ray diffraction data indicate that STO films are expanded for the thinnest films, and relaxed for a thickness of 200 Angstrom. The in-plane and out-of-plane EXAFS and XANES data show that the perpendicular expansion of the thinner films is accompanied by a displacive phase transition of SrTiO3 where the Ti atom moves toward the (002) direction. This ferroelectric-type behavior of the thinner films implies important potential applications in electronics. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 CINVESTAV, Queretaro 76001, Mexico. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Motorola Inc, Phys Sci Res Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Illinois, Argonne Natl Lab, APS, UNICAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Aguirre-Tostado, FS (reprint author), CINVESTAV, Apartado Postal 1-798, Queretaro 76001, Mexico. EM saguirre@fis.cinvestav.mx RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1356 EP 1360 DI 10.1116/1.1765657 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000045 ER PT J AU Peebles, DE Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG Hutton, S Blomfield, C AF Peebles, DE Ohlhausen, JA Kotula, PG Hutton, S Blomfield, C TI Multivariate statistical analysis for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectral imaging: Effect of image acquisition time SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AVS International Symposium CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS ID TOF-SIMS IMAGES; XPS; IDENTIFICATION; MICROANALYSIS AB The acquisition of spectral images for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a relatively new approach, although it has been used with other analytical spectroscopy tools for some time. This technique provides full spectral information at every pixel of an image, in order to provide a complete chemical mapping of the imaged surface area. Multivariate statistical analysis techniques applied to the spectral image data allow the determination of chemical component species, and their distribution and concentrations, with minimal data acquisition and processing times. Some of these statistical techniques have proven to be very robust and efficient methods for deriving physically realistic chemical components without input by the user other than the spectral matrix itself. The benefits of multivariate analysis of the spectral image data include significantly improved signal to noise, improved image contrast and intensity uniformity, and improved spatial resolution-which are achieved due to the effective statistical aggregation of the large number of often noisy data points in the image. This work demonstrates the improvements in chemical component determination and contrast, signal-to-noise level, and spatial resolution that can be obtained by the application of multivariate statistical analysis to XPS spectral images. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Kratos Analyt, Manchester M17 1GP, Lancs, England. RP Peebles, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM depeebl@sandia.gov RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1579 EP 1586 DI 10.1116/1.1765134 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000084 ER PT J AU Liu, C Conley, R Macrander, AT AF Liu, C Conley, R Macrander, AT TI Functional profile coatings and film stress SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AVS International Symposium CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS ID THIN-FILMS; INTERFACE; MULTILAYERS AB In recent years, we have developed a profile-coating technique to obtain functional thickness-profiled thin films and multilayers. This technique uses linear motion of the substrate in a dc magnetron sputter system and a contoured mask to obtain the desired profile perpendicular to the substrate-moving direction. The shape of the contour is determined according to the desired profile and knowledge of the film-thickness distribution at the substrate level. Applications of this technique include laterally graded multilayers; and elliptical x-ray Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors. An elliptical shape is essential for aberration-free optics. The use of profile coating to make x-ray-quality elliptical KB mirrors overcomes the obstacle of polishing asymmetrical mirror surfaces and provides the x-ray community with a practical way to obtain monolithic KB mirrors for microfocusing. Previously, we have used gold as a coating material and cylindrical Si mirrors as substrates to obtain elliptical KB mirrors. More recently, we have used flat Si substrates to fabricate elliptical KB mirrors. Substantially thicker and steeper gradients of Au films are needed to obtain an elliptical profile from a flat substrate. The Au films may relax to droplets when the stress in the film is too large. The challenges and solutions for this problem will be discussed. 0 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cliu@aps.anl.gov RI Conley, Ray/C-2622-2013 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1610 EP 1614 DI 10.1116/1.1701863 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000090 ER PT J AU Rar, A Specht, ED George, EP Santella, ML Pharr, GM AF Rar, A Specht, ED George, EP Santella, ML Pharr, GM TI Preparation of ternary alloy libraries for high-throughput screening of material properties by means of thick film deposition and interdiffusion: Benefits and limitations SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AVS International Symposium CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP AVS ID COMPOSITIONAL-SPREAD TECHNIQUE; DIFFUSION-MULTIPLE APPROACH; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; LASER DEPOSITION AB Several techniques have been investigated for making alloy libraries for combinatorial materials development. In this investigation, we demonstrate a method for Ni-Fe-Cr ternary alloy library preparation by deposition of three layers of different metals with a linear thickness gradient rotated by 120degrees for each layer. The layers were interdiffused and alloyed by annealing in vacuum. The resulting specimens were analyzed and compared with the well-known phase diagram for this system by means of rapid x-ray diffraction mapping with synchrotron radiation. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rar, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rara@ornl.gov RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1788 EP 1792 DI 10.1116/1.1692366 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000123 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZD Lukaszew, RA Cionca, C Pan, X Clarke, R Yeadon, M Zambano, A Walko, D Dufresne, E te Velthius, S AF Zhang, ZD Lukaszew, RA Cionca, C Pan, X Clarke, R Yeadon, M Zambano, A Walko, D Dufresne, E te Velthius, S TI Correlated structural and magnetization reversal studies on epitaxial Ni films grown with molecular beam epitaxy and with sputtering SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-07, 2003 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID NICKEL FILMS; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; ANISOTROPY; MGO(100); MGO(001) AB We have studied the correlation between film structure and the azimuthal dependence of the magnetization reversal in (001) and (111) epitaxial Ni films grown on MgO substrates using two different deposition techniques: molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and dc magnetron sputtering. The films were grown and in situ annealed under identical conditions. The magnetization reversal was investigated using MOKE. The coercive field in the sputtered (001) Ni films exhibits fourfold azimuthal symmetry as expected for crystalline films of good epitaxial quality, while MBE (001) Ni grown films exhibit an additional uniaxial symmetry superimposed to the fourfold symmetry. We performed high-resolution XRD studies as well as cross sectional TEM studies in order to establish similarities and differences in the structure of the films. Both types of films exhibit epitaxial growth and very good crystalline quality with no indication of strain. The main difference between the films is the different magnetic anisotropy. We postulate that this difference may be due to different interfacial structure and/or morphology due to the possible formation of a NiO interfacial layer only present or highly ordered in the MBE grown films. Polarized neutron reflectivity measurements performed on some of the films are correlated with the interfacial structure and magnetic anisotropy. 0 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, IMRE, Singapore 117602, Singapore. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, APS & IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lukaszew, RA (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM alukasz@physics.utoledo.edu RI te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013 OI te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1868 EP 1872 DI 10.1116/1.1692292 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 846NI UT WOS:000223322000137 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Zanatta, AR Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, LG Zanatta, AR Nastasi, M TI Formation of silicon nanocrystals in SiO2 by oxireduction reaction induced by impurity implantation and annealing SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RAMAN-SPECTRA; QUANTUM CONFINEMENT; SIZE; MICROCRYSTALS; SCATTERING; FILMS; SI+ AB Silicon nanocrystals are candidates for complete integration of optical and electronic functions in Si-based devices. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of producing them by a method based on impurity-induced oxireduction of SiO2. Thermodynamic calculations suggested Mg as a suitable impurity due to its chemical strength in oxireducing the SiO2 matrix and simultaneously avoiding the formation of Si-based compounds. The samples were obtained by 1 x 10(17) Mg+/cm(2) implantations into fused silica followed by thermal anneal in vacuum. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman and photoluminescence measurements confirmed the presence of Si nanocrystals. The average nanocrystal size was evaluated according to the phonon confinement and quantum confinement models relative to the Raman and photoluminescence results, respectively, to be about 10 nm, in agreement with the TEM results. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560250 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-8 G755,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov RI Zanatta, Antonio/C-1878-2012; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016; OI Zanatta, Antonio/0000-0002-5217-7524; Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1669 EP 1671 DI 10.1116/1.1761410 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300009 ER PT J AU Bach, HT Steinkruger, FJ Chamberlin, WS Walthers, CR AF Bach, HT Steinkruger, FJ Chamberlin, WS Walthers, CR TI Quantitative analysis of deuterium and tritium in erbium hydride films of neutron tube targets SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID NONDESTRUCTIVE DETERMINATION; SYSTEM AB An apparatus for measuring the deuterium and tritium in erbium hydride films on neutron tube targets has been designed, constructed, and tested at the Tritium Science and Fabrication Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The apparatus consists of a pumped thermal desorption inlet system (TDIS) and a high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). The pumped TDIS has a unique capability to perform complete and rapid thermal desorption of gases from the erbium hydride film and pressure-volume-temperature measurement for accurate quantification of the total moles of released gas. The HRMS measures the partial pressures of the hydrogen isotopes in the released gas. From these two measurements, we can determine the total moles of each hydrogen isotope in erbium hydride films accurately. The optimum desorption time is 2 to 3 minutes; the optimum desorption temperature is 900 degreesC. Under these conditions, 99.98% of the total moles of deuterium in the hydride films of deuterated erbium (ErD2) targets are released in a single desorption step. The molar atomic ratios of total hydrogen isotopes to erbium (HDT/Er), deuterium to erbium (D/Er), and tritium to erbium (T/Er) of deuterated and tritiated erbium (ErDxT2-x) targets are measured with better than 2% precision. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Tritium Sci & Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bach, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Tritium Sci & Engn Grp, MS C927, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hbach@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1738 EP 1745 DI 10.1116/1.1763894 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300021 ER PT J AU Ebert, P Jager, ND Urban, K Weber, ER AF Ebert, P Jager, ND Urban, K Weber, ER TI Nanoscale fluctuations in the distribution of dopant atoms: Dopant-induced dots and roughness of electronic interfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-31) CY JAN 18-22, 2004 CL Kailua, HI SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, AVS, Elect Mat & Proc Div ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; P-N-JUNCTIONS; DOPED GAAS; SI; SUPERLATTICES; SPECTROSCOPY; HOLOGRAPHY; DEVICES AB We investigated the effect of nanoscale fluctuations in the distribution of dopant atoms on the roughness of electronic interfaces of p-n junctions and on the formation of electronically separated dopant-induced dots. It is shown that the screening fields around each charged dopant atom and a clustering of dopant atoms induce two separate roughness components, which are much larger than the roughness of the underlying metallurgical interface. This leads to charge carrier depleted zones extending locally through the entire nominally homogeneously doped layer for layer thicknesses close to the cluster dimension. The results demonstrate that the clustering of dopants strongly limits the size of future devices by forming electronically separated dopant-induced dots, which introduce drastic changes in the current-voltage characteristics. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ebert, P (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM p.ebert@fz-juelich.de OI Ebert, Ph./0000-0002-2022-2378 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2018 EP 2025 DI 10.1116/1.1771680 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300067 ER PT J AU Barker, JM Ferry, DK Goodnick, SM Koleske, DD Allerman, A Shul, RJ AF Barker, JM Ferry, DK Goodnick, SM Koleske, DD Allerman, A Shul, RJ TI High field transport in GaN/AlGaN heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-31) CY JAN 18-22, 2004 CL Kailua, HI SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, AVS, Elect Mat & Proc Div ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; BAND-STRUCTURE; POWER-DENSITY; HOT-PHONON; SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTORS; POLARIZATION AB Experimental as well as theoretical studies have been performed on the velocity-field characteristics of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. A comparison of these studies shows that the experimental velocities are comparable to those expected from previously published simulations based upon Monte Carlo techniques. Several possible mechanisms for the low value of the velocity previously found are discussed, including nonequilibrium phonons and local inhomogeneities in the field. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barker, JM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Elect Res, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM joy.barker@asu.edu NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2045 EP 2050 DI 10.1116/1.1775199 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300072 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, RK Dashdorj, J AF Ahrenkiel, RK Dashdorj, J TI Interface recombination velocity measurement by a contactless microwave technique SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-31) CY JAN 18-22, 2004 CL Kailua, HI SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, AVS, Elect Mat & Proc Div ID MINORITY-CARRIER LIFETIME; BULK LIFETIME; SILICON; SEMICONDUCTORS AB The interface or surface recombination velocity (SRV) is a critical and important parameter in many applications. In this work, we have developed and applied a contactless microwave technique, which in combination with a continuously tunable pulsed light source, is able to probe the excess carrier lifetime in the surface and bulk regions of a semiconductor wafer. The technique is called resonant coupled photoconductive decay and has been described by the authors in the literature. For strongly absorbed light, the initial (t = 0) decay time is a strong function of the absorption coefficient a, as well as the bulk lifetime. The effective bulk lifetime is measured by using very weakly absorbed light, or by measuring the asymptotic decay rate of strongly absorbed light. For asymmetric surfaces (such as a wafer polished on one surface only), the measurement with strongly absorbed light is made at both wafer surfaces. We have developed a method to measure SRV independently of bulk lifetime by plotting the surface lifetime data versus the absorption coefficient of the incident light pulse. A number of measurements of silicon wafers, with a variety of surface conditions, will be described. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Phys, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM richard_ahrenkiel@nrel.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2063 EP 2067 DI 10.1116/1.1768523 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300075 ER PT J AU Chambers, SA Droubay, T Kaspar, TC Gutowski, M AF Chambers, SA Droubay, T Kaspar, TC Gutowski, M TI Experimental determination of valence band maxima for SrTiO3, TiO2, and SrO and the associated valence band offsets with Si(001) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-31) CY JAN 18-22, 2004 CL Kailua, HI SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, AVS, Elect Mat & Proc Div ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SRTIO3/SI(001) HETEROJUNCTIONS; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; PRECISE DETERMINATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BINDING-ENERGY; CORE-LEVEL; INTERFACE AB We address the issue of accurate determination of the valence band maximum (VBM) for SrTiO3(001) single crystals and epitaxial films, as well as TiO2(001) anatase and SrO epitaxial films. These measurements are of critical importance in determining valence band offsets in heterojunctions of these oxides with Si. Three different methods are analyzed: (1) fitting a Gaussian broadened theoretical density of states to the x-ray photoelectron valence band spectrum; (2) finding the intersection of a regression line that spans the linear portion of the x-ray photoelectron valence band leading edge with the background between the valence band maximum and the Fermi level; and (3) determining the energy at which high-resolution ultraviolet photoemission intensity at the leading edge goes to zero. We find that method I yields physically unreasonable results when used in conjunction with density functional theory because the latter does not predict the detailed shape of the valence bands in these oxides with sufficient accuracy. In contrast, methods 2 and 3 give physically reasonable results that are in good mutual agreement. The difference in VBM between method 1 and methods 2 and 3 is 0.4-0.6 eV, depending on the oxide. Methods 2 and 3 yield the most reliable VBM, provided the experiments are carried out with adequate energy resolution. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Diretorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chambers, SA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Diretorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sa.chambers@pnl.gov RI Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 42 TC 158 Z9 158 U1 5 U2 62 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2205 EP 2215 DI 10.1116/1.1768525 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300100 ER PT J AU Farrell, HH LaViolette, RA AF Farrell, HH LaViolette, RA TI Cation variations at semiconductor interfaces: ZnSe(001)/GaAs(001) superlattices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-31) CY JAN 18-22, 2004 CL Kailua, HI SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, AVS, Elect Mat & Proc Div ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SURFACE STOICHIOMETRY; ZNSE HETEROEPITAXY; ELECTRON-GAS; ZNSE/GAAS; DENSITY; GAAS; GROWTH; HETEROSTRUCTURES; ENERGY AB We investigated the possibility that the interface energy in heteroepitaxial compound semiconductor systems can be characterized by a unique value. We suggest that the per-bond binding energy, which is associated with the strength of the chemical bonds that span the interface between the different compounds, is this desired value. We chose the ZnSe(001)/GaAs(001) system for this study because of its relatively small lattice mismatch. Three chemically different interfaces were studied: One containing only Ga-Se bonds, one containing only Zn-As bonds, and one with an equal [i.e., 50:50] mixture of these bonds. We employed first-principles density-functional theory electronic-structure calculations to obtain the structure and binding energy of the bonds and these interfaces, for a variety of unit cells in order to find the favored configurations under static lattice conditions. The destabilizing effect of an interfacial charge imbalance, and, one of the limitations of density-functional theory calculations in this circumstance are also discussed. (C) 2004 American Vacuum Society. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Farrell, HH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM farhh@inel.gov; yaq@inel.gov NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 2250 EP 2256 DI 10.1116/1.1773842 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 854TD UT WOS:000223925300107 ER PT J AU Ritchie, RO Muhlstein, CL Nalla, RK AF Ritchie, RO Muhlstein, CL Nalla, RK TI Failure by fracture and fatigue in "nano" and ''bio" materials SO JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES A-SOLID MECHANICS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE fracture toughness; fatigue; polysilicon; thin films; MEMS; bone ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; FINITE-ELEMENT MODELS; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; CRACK-GROWTH; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; TOUGHNESS; STRESS AB The behavior of nanostructured materials/small-volume structures and biological/bio-implantable materials, so-called "nano" and "bio" materials, is currently much in vogue in materials. science. One aspect of this field, which has to date received only limited attention, is their fracture and fatigue properties. In this paper, we examine two topics in this area, namely the premature fatigue failure of silicon-based micron-scale structures for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and the fracture properties of mineralized tissue, specifically human bone. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Muhlstein, Christopher/0000-0002-5928-068X NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 14 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG, SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1344-7912 J9 JSME INT J A-SOLID M JI JSME Int. J. Ser. A-Solid Mech. Mat. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 47 IS 3 BP 238 EP 251 DI 10.1299/jsmea.47.238 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 851GG UT WOS:000223673000002 ER PT J AU Shnirman, A Nussinov, Z Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV Makhlin, Y AF Shnirman, A Nussinov, Z Zhu, JX Balatsky, AV Makhlin, Y TI Spin and current variations in Josephson junctions SO LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; DYNAMICS AB We study the dynamics of a single spin embedded in the tunneling barrier between two superconductors. As a consequence of pair correlations in the superconducting state, the spin displays rich and unusual dynamics. To properly describe the time evolution of the spin we derive the effective Keldysh action for the spin. The superconducting correlations lead to an effective spin action, which is nonlocal in time, leading to unconventional precession. We further illustrate how the current is modulated by this novel spin dynamics. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. RP Shnirman, A (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Festkorperphys, Kaiserstr 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM shnirman@tfp.uni-karlsruhe.de NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1063-777X J9 LOW TEMP PHYS+ JI Low Temp. Phys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 7-8 BP 629 EP 633 DI 10.1063/1.1789934 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 850OL UT WOS:000223622200014 ER PT J AU Schuller, HM Porter, B Riechert, A Walker, K Schmoyer, R AF Schuller, HM Porter, B Riechert, A Walker, K Schmoyer, R TI Neuroendocrine lung carcinogenesis in hamsters is inhibited by green tea or theophylline while the development of adenocarcinomas is promoted: implications for chemoprevention in smokers SO LUNG CANCER LA English DT Article DE pulmonary adenocarcinoma; pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma; hamster model; green tea; theophylline; cancer promotion; cancer prevention ID TOBACCO-SPECIFIC NITROSAMINE; MITOGENIC SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; BLACK TEA; PULMONARY TUMORS; BETA(1)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; RETINOIC ACID; DNA-SYNTHESIS; CELL-LINES AB Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death in developed countries. With smoking the major etiological factor for lung cancer, there is a great need for the development of chemopreventive treatments that inhibit the progression of initiated cells and premalignant Lesions into overt lung cancer in smokers who quit. Although the major focus of chemoprevention research has been on agents that inhibit the metabolic activation of genotoxic chemicals contained in tobacco products, some of these agents may additionally modulate growth-regulating signal transduction. In turn, the function of such signaling pathways is highly cell type-specific, with a given pathway inhibiting the growth of one cell type while stimulating the growth of others. The current experiment has tested the hypothesis that green tea and the methylxanthine theophylline contained in tea inhibit the progression of neuroendocrine lung carcinogenesis in hamsters with hyperoxic lung injury and initiated with the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) while promoting the development of Clara cell-derived pulmonary adenocarcinomas initiated by NNK in healthy hamsters. This hypothesis is based on published evidence that human small cell lung cancer as well as the neuroendocrine hamster tumors are regulated via autocrine signaling pathways that activate Raf-1 and the mitogen-activated (MAP) kinase pathway whereas human pulmonary adenocarcinomas of Clara cell lineage and the hamster model of this cancer type are regulated by a p-adrenergic pathway involving the activation of cyclic adenosine 3',5-monophosphate (cAMP) and the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade. In turn, it was hypothesized that theophylline would inhibit Raf-1-dependent tumor progression white promoting cAMP-dependent tumor progression due to its documented ability to inhibit the enzyme cAMP-phophodiesterase. The experimental design simulated chemoprevention in former smokers in that treatments with tea or theophylline started after completion of a 10-week tumor induction period with NNK. Our data show that green tea as well as theophylline significantly inhibited lung tumor multiplicity in the neuroendocrine cancer model whereas identical chemopreventive treatments significantly promoted the lung tumor multiplicity in the adenocarcinoma model. These findings indicate that green tea and theophylline as well as other chemopreventive agents that modulate signal transduction may have opposite effects on cancers of different histotopathology and cell lineage. At the current state of knowledge such chemopreventive treatments should only be used as adjuvant to cancer therapy of cancers that have been fully characterized at the pathology and molecular level. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Schuller, HM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, 2407 River Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hmsch@utk.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA096128] NR 58 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0169-5002 J9 LUNG CANCER-J IASLC JI Lung Cancer PD JUL PY 2004 VL 45 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.lungcan.2003.12.007 PG 8 WC Oncology; Respiratory System SC Oncology; Respiratory System GA 836RK UT WOS:000222573100002 PM 15196729 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, T Mizoguchi, T Tatsumi, K Tanaka, I Adachi, H Muramatsu, Y Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC AF Yamamoto, T Mizoguchi, T Tatsumi, K Tanaka, I Adachi, H Muramatsu, Y Gullikson, EM Perera, RCC TI First principles study of core-hole effect on fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of MgF2 and ZnF2 SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Ulrafine Grained Structure (ISUGS 2003) CY NOV 11-13, 2003 CL Geelong, AUSTRALIA SP Inst Mat Engn Australasia DE near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure; first principles calculation; core-hole effect; zinc difluoride; magnesium difluoride ID AB-INITIO CALCULATION; FINE-STRUCTURE; XANES; POLYTYPES; SI3N4; MNF2 AB First principles calculations have been carried out to investigate the core-hole effects on the theoretical fine structures of the X-ray absorption spectra of MgF2 and ZnF2 at F K-edge. Significant differences are found between the calculated spectral fine structures with and without core-holes. Experimental profiles of the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structures are well reproduced by the theoretical ones when the core-hole effect is introduced. The dependence of supercell size on the theoretical fine structures is also examined. C1 Kyoto Univ, Fukui Inst Fundamental Chem, Kyoto 6068103, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. JAERI, Kansai Res Estab, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yamamoto, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Fukui Inst Fundamental Chem, Kyoto 6068103, Japan. EM tyama@cms.mtl.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Mizoguchi, Teruyasu/B-8044-2008; Tanaka, Isao/B-5941-2009 OI Mizoguchi, Teruyasu/0000-0003-3712-7307; NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA 1-14-32, ICHIBANCHO, AOBA-KU, SENDAI, 980-8544, JAPAN SN 1345-9678 EI 1347-5320 J9 MATER TRANS JI Mater. Trans. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1991 EP 1993 DI 10.2320/matertrans.45.1991 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 845LX UT WOS:000223245300008 ER PT J AU Gertz, EM AF Gertz, EM TI A quasi-Newton trust-region method SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE unconstrained optimization; quasi-Newton methods; trust-region methods; line-search methods AB The classical trust-region method for unconstrained minimization can be augmented with a line search that finds a point that satisfies the Wolfe conditions. One can use this new method to define an algorithm that simultaneously satisfies the quasi-Newton condition at each iteration and maintains a positive-definite approximation to the Hessian of the objective function. This new algorithm has strong global convergence properties and is robust and efficient in practice. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gertz, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gertz@mcs.anl.gov OI Gertz, E. Michael/0000-0001-8390-4387 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 100 IS 3 BP 447 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s10107-004-0511-1 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 832AN UT WOS:000222239500001 ER PT J AU Carr, R Vempala, S AF Carr, R Vempala, S TI On the Held-Karp relaxation for the asymmetric and symmetric traveling salesman problems SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS AB A long-standing conjecture in combinatorial optimization says that the integrality gap of the famous Held-Karp relaxation of the metric STSP (Symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem) is precisely 4/3. In this paper, we show that a slight strengthening of this conjecture implies a tight 4/3 integrality gap for a linear programming relaxation of the metric ATSP (Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem). Our main tools are a new characterization of the integrality gap for linear objective functions over polyhedra, and the isolation of ''hard-to-round'' solutions of the relaxations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Carr, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bobcarr@cs.sandia.gov; vempala@math.mit.edu NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 100 IS 3 BP 569 EP 587 DI 10.1007/s10107-004-0506-y PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 832AN UT WOS:000222239500006 ER PT J AU Krauss, RM Siri, PW AF Krauss, RM Siri, PW TI Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ATHEROGENIC LIPOPROTEIN PHENOTYPE; IMPROVES GLYCEMIC CONTROL; B-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE-DIET; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PARTICLE-SIZE; PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE AB Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a cluster of lipid abnormalities: elevated plasma triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and smaller and denser low-density lipoproteins, which have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance may contribute to dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes by increasing hepatic secretion of large, triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein particles and by impairing the clearance of lipoprotein particles from plasma. Lifestyle interventions may be effective in improving the diabetic dyslipidemia syndrome. For patients who do not respond to lifestyle changes, pharmacologic therapies (lipid-lowering medications and anti-diabetic agents) are available. Clinical trials demonstrate that the use of such pharmaceutics to treat diabetic dyslipidemia concomitantly reduces the risk of coronary artery disease. C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krauss, RM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. EM rmkrauss@lbl.gov NR 79 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 88 IS 4 BP 897 EP + DI 10.1016/j.mcna.2004.04.004 PG 14 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 851HM UT WOS:000223676200006 PM 15308384 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, A Herman, H DeCarlo, F Subramanian, R AF Kulkarni, A Herman, H DeCarlo, F Subramanian, R TI Microstructural characterization of electron beam-physical vapor deposition thermal barrier coatings through high-resolution computed microtomography SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Characterization and Representation of Materials Microstructures in 3D CY OCT, 2002 CL Columbus, OH ID CONDUCTIVITY AB Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), deposited using the electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) process, comprise a unique architecture of porosity capable of bridging the technological gap between insulation/life extension and prime reliance. The TBC microstructures consist of columnar structure, nucleated via vapor condensation, along with a high degree of intercolumnar porosity, thus providing enhanced stress relief on thermomechanical loading and also accommodating misfit stresses resulting from CTE mismatch. In this article, we report the characterization of these coatings using high-resolution synchrotron-based X-ray computed microtomography (XMT) at 1.3-mum resolution. Experiments focused on quantitative characterization/visualization of imperfections in these coatings and on the relative changes in microstructural features upon isothermal annealing. The influence of time/temperature of exposure was investigated and the results were correlated with elastic modulus. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Siemens Westinghouse Power Corp, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Kulkarni, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM anand.kulkarni@sunysb.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35A IS 7 BP 1945 EP 1952 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0143-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 832VQ UT WOS:000222295900004 ER PT J AU Liu, WJ Ice, GE Larson, BC Yang, WG Tischler, JZ Budai, JD AF Liu, WJ Ice, GE Larson, BC Yang, WG Tischler, JZ Budai, JD TI The three-dimensional X-ray crystal microscope: A new tool for materials characterization SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Characterization and Representation of Materials Microstructures in 3D CY OCT, 2002 CL Columbus, OH ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; MICRODIFFRACTION; STRAIN; FILMS; DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; MICROBEAMS; BEAM AB The three-dimensional (3-D) X-ray crystal microscope is a new nondestructive tool for the 3-D characterization of the mesoscopic and nanoscopic materials structure. A prototype microscope is installed on beamline 34-ID at the advanced photon source and has begun initial operation. The prototype microscope has a routine spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 X 0.5 X 1 mum(3) and can probe tens to hundreds of microns below a sample surface, depending on the composition of the sample. For each volume element measured, the microscope can determine between 10 and 16 parameters. The measured parameters are the local crystallographic phase (I deg of freedom), the Eulerian angles of crystal orientation Q deg of freedom), and the plastic and/or elastic strain-tensor elements (6 to 12 deg of freedom). The time required to collect each volume element varies between I and 14 seconds, depending on the precision of the parameters and the sample complexity. Much faster data acquisition and much better spatial resolution are certain in the near future. Some initial results are presented to illustrate how the 3-D X-ray crystal microscope can provide unprecedented information about the 3-D structure of materials. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, WJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM icege@ornl.gov RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35A IS 7 BP 1963 EP 1967 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0145-1 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 832VQ UT WOS:000222295900006 ER PT J AU Saylor, DM El-Dasher, BS Adams, BL Rohrer, GS AF Saylor, DM El-Dasher, BS Adams, BL Rohrer, GS TI Measuring the five-parameter grain-boundary distribution from observations of planar sections SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Characterization and Representation of Materials Microstructures in 3D CY OCT, 2002 CL Columbus, OH AB A stereological method is described for estimating the distribution of grain-boundary types in polycrystalline materials on the basis of observations from a single planar section. The grain-boundary distribution is expressed in terms of five macroscopically observable parameters that include: three parameters that describe the lattice misorientation across the boundary and two parameters that describe the orientation of the grain-boundary plane normal. The grain-boundary distribution is derived from measurements of grain orientations and the orientations of the lines formed where grain boundaries intersect the plane of observation. Tests of the method on simulated observations illustrate that the distribution of boundaries in a material with cubic symmetry can be reliably determined with about 10degrees of resolution from the analysis of 5 X 10degrees or more line segments. Furthermore, grain-boundary distributions directly observed from serial sections of a SrTiO3 polycrystal are compared to those resulting from the stereological analysis of a single plane. The comparison shows that the stereological method provides a reasonable estimate of the measured distribution. The differences between the directly observed grain-boundary distribution and that derived from the stereological analysis are consistent with the results from the simulation. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Saylor, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.saylor@nist.gov RI Rohrer, Gregory/A-9420-2008 OI Rohrer, Gregory/0000-0002-9671-3034 NR 12 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 27 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35A IS 7 BP 1981 EP 1989 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0147-z PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 832VQ UT WOS:000222295900008 ER PT J AU Cerreta, E Gray, GT AF Cerreta, E Gray, GT TI The influence of texture, strain rate, temperature, and chemistry on the mechanical behavior of hafnium SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLOSE-PACKED METALS; POLYCRYSTALLINE HAFNIUM; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HCP METALS; ZIRCONIUM; DISLOCATIONS; COMPRESSION; ANISOTROPY AB The compressive mechanical behavior of highly textured, polycrystalline hafnium has been examined as a function of texture, strain rate, temperature, and material chemistry. The microstructural and substructural evolution in Hf was also examined as a function of texture. Decreasing temperature, increasing strain rate, and increasing impurity concentrations were found to increase the yield-stress and work-hardening rates, as well as increase the amount of twinning in Hf. Crystallographic texture was found to exhibit the most marked effect on the mechanical behavior of HE Differences in the orientation of the c-axis with respect to the loading direction were found to affect the yield stress, work-hardening behavior, and anisotropy of the tested specimen, with the highest yield stresses and rates of work hardening and the lowest anisotropies in specimens compressed along the c-axis. The amount of deformation twinning and the slip systems activated during deformation were seen to vary based on texture and are shown to correlate well with the observed yield stresses and work-hardening behaviors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cerreta, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ecerreta@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 35A IS 7 BP 1999 EP 2011 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0149-x PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 832VQ UT WOS:000222295900010 ER PT J AU Gentry, TJ Wang, G Rensing, C Pepper, IL AF Gentry, TJ Wang, G Rensing, C Pepper, IL TI Chlorobenzoate-degrading bacteria in similar pristine soils exhibit different community structures and population dynamics in response to anthropogenic 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate levels SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-TRANSFER; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; ALCALIGENES-DENITRIFICANS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PLASMID PJP4; DEGRADATION; DEHALOGENATION; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; CLONING AB A study was conducted to determine the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate (CB) degraders in two pristine soils with similar physical and chemical characteristics. Surface soils were collected from forested sites and amended with 500 mug of 2-, 3-, or 4-CB g(-1) soil. The CB levels and degrader numbers were monitored throughout the study. Degraders were isolated, grouped by DNA fingerprints, identified via 16S rDNA sequences, and screened for plasmids. The CB genes in selected degraders were isolated and/or sequenced. In the Madera soil, 2-CB and 4-CB degraded within 11 and 42 d, respectively, but 3-CB did not degrade. In contrast, 3-CB and 4-CB degraded in the Oversite soil within 14 and 28 d, respectively, while 2-CB did not degrade. Approximately 107 CFU g(-1) of degraders were detected in the Madera soil with 2-CB, and the Oversite soil with 3- and 4-CB. No degraders were detected in the Madera soil with 4-CB even though the 4-CB degraded. Nearly all of the 2-CB degraders isolated from the Madera soil were identified as a Burkholderia sp. containing chromosomally encoded degradative genes. In contrast, several different 3- and 4-CB degraders were isolated from the Oversite soil, and their populations changed as CB degradation progressed. Most of these 3-CB degraders were identified as Burkholderia spp. while the majority of 4-CB degraders were identified as Bradyrhizobium spp. Several of the 3-CB degraders contained the degradative genes on large plasmids, and there was variation between the plasmids in different isolates. When a fresh sample of Madera soil was amended with 50, 100, or 200 mug 3-CB g(-1), 3-CB degradation occurred, suggesting that 500 mug 3-CB g(-1) was toxic to the degraders. Also, different 3-CB degraders were isolated from the Madera soil at each of the three lower levels of 3-CB. No 2-CB degradation was detected in the Oversite soil even at lower 2-CB levels. These results indicate that the development of 2-, 3-, and 4-CB degrader populations is site-specific and that 2-, 3-, and 4-CB are degraded by different bacterial populations in pristine soils. These results also imply that the microbial ecology of two soils that develop under similar biotic and abiotic environments can be quite different. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gentry, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gentrytj@ornl.gov RI Rensing, Christopher/D-3947-2011 OI Rensing, Christopher/0000-0002-5012-7953 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 P42 ES04940-09] NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 48 IS 1 BP 90 EP 102 DI 10.1007/s00248-003-1048-1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 849PH UT WOS:000223551100009 PM 15085300 ER PT J AU Shi, L Zhang, WW AF Shi, L Zhang, WW TI Comparative analysis of eukaryotic-type protein phosphatases in two streptomycete genomes SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID 2-COMPONENT REGULATORY SYSTEMS; COELICOLOR A3(2); SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASE; TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AB Inspection of the genomes of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces avermitilis reveals that each contains 55 putative eukaryotic-type protein phosphatases (PPs), the largest number ever identified from any single prokaryotic organism. Unlike most other prokaryotic genomes that have only one or two superfamilies of eukaryotic-type PPs, the streptomycete genomes possess the eukaryotic-type PPs that belong to four superfamilies: 2 phosphoprotein phosphatases and 2 low-molecular-mass protein tyrosine phosphatases in each species, 49 Mg2+- or Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) and 2 conventional protein tyrosine phosphatases (CPTPs) in S. coelicolor A3(2), and 48 PPMs and 3 CPTPs in S. avermitilis. Sixty-four percent of the PPs found in S. coelicolor A3(2) have orthologues in S. avermitilis, indicating that they originated from a common ancestor and might be involved in the regulation of more conserved metabolic activities. The genes of eukaryotic-type PP unique to each surveyed streptomycete genome are mainly located in two arms of the linear chromosomes and their evolution might be involved in gene acquisition or duplication to adapt to the extremely variable soil environments where these organisms live. In addition, 56% of the PPs from S. coelicolor A3(2) and 65% of the PPs from S. avermitilis possess at least one additional domain having a putative biological function. These include the domains involved in the detection of redox potential, the binding of cyclic nucleotides, mRNA, DNA and ATP, and the catalysis of phosphorylation reactions. Because they contained multiple functional domains, most of them were assigned functions other than PPs in previous annotations. Although few studies have been conducted on the physiological functions of the PPs in streptomycetes, the existence of large numbers of putative PPs in these two streptomycete genomes strongly suggests that eukaryotic-type PPs play important regulatory roles in primary or secondary metabolic pathways. The identification and analysis of such a large number of putative eukaryotic-type PPs from S. coelicolor A3(2) and S. avermitilis constitute a basis for further exploration of the signal transduction pathways mediated by these phosphatases in industrially important strains of streptomycetes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Liang.Shi@pnl.gov; weiwen.zhang@pnl.gov NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JUL PY 2004 VL 150 BP 2247 EP 2256 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27057-0 PN 7 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 840KQ UT WOS:000222857900025 PM 15256567 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Ice, GE Tamura, N Valek, BC Bravman, JC Spolenak, R Patel, JR AF Barabash, RI Ice, GE Tamura, N Valek, BC Bravman, JC Spolenak, R Patel, JR TI Quantitative characterization of electromigration-induced plastic deformation in Al(0.5wt%Cu) interconnect SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Characterization and Mechanical Reliability of Advanced Electronic Materials at Nanoscale CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME DE electromigration; dislocations; interconnects; diffraction; characterization ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MICROBEAM DIFFRACTION; METAL LINES; RESOLUTION; STRESS; STRAIN; WIRES; FILMS AB Electromigration-induced failure in metal interconnect constitutes a major reliability problem in the semiconductor industry. Recently, experimental techniques capable of probing grain orientation and stress with a spatial resolution compatible with the dimensions of the lines have emerged. White beam X-ray microdiffraction is particularly well suited to the in situ study of electromigration. The technique was used to probe microstructure in interconnects and recently unambiguously unveiled the plastic nature of the deformation induced by mass transport during electromigration in Al(Cu) interconnect lines even before macroscopic damage. The aim of the present research is to understand the complex dislocation structure arising from electromigration-induced plastic deformation by simulating the shape of the reflections and comparing them with the shape observed in the experimental data. We provide a first quantitative analysis of the dislocation structure generated in individual micron-sized Al grains during an in situ electromigration experiment. Custom software allows us to determine the orientation of the predominant dislocation network in each sample subgrain. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-7056 Stuttgart, Germany. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Labs, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barabashr@ornl.gov RI Spolenak, Ralph/A-1655-2008 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2003.09.009 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 835DH UT WOS:000222459800004 ER PT J AU Phillips, MA Spolenak, R Tamura, N Brown, WL MacDowell, AA Celestre, RS Padmore, HA Batterman, BW Arzt, E Patel, JR AF Phillips, MA Spolenak, R Tamura, N Brown, WL MacDowell, AA Celestre, RS Padmore, HA Batterman, BW Arzt, E Patel, JR TI X-ray microdiffraction: local stress distributions in polycrystalline and epitaxial thin films SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Characterization and Mechanical Reliability of Advanced Electronic Materials at Nanoscale CY JUN 17-20, 2003 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME DE microdiffraction; thin films; Al; Cu; Al-Cu; plasticity; size effects; synchrotron; stress measurement ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL-FILMS; AL-CU AB When investigated by X-ray microdiffraction, the stress states in thin metal films are found to be more complex than as assumed by the simple models that have been formulated to describe their behavior. In this paper, the local differences in stress have been measured in a polycrystalline Al(0.5 wt% Cu) film on Si and an epitaxial Cu film on Al2O3. Significant differences in stress state are apparent between grains, but also within grains. While both types of film display a local variation in residual stress state, the width of the distribution is much broader in the polycrystalline film. The reasons for this are discussed in terms of grain size distribution and dislocation nucleation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Spolenak, R (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM spolenak@mf.mpg.de RI Spolenak, Ralph/A-1655-2008; Arzt, Eduard/B-5282-2008; MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 75 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2003.12.053 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 835DH UT WOS:000222459800015 ER PT J AU Krenn, CR AF Krenn, CR TI Continuum modelling of transformation hysteresis in a metal hydride system SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th United States National Congress on Computational Mechanics CY JUL 27-31, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP US Assoc Computat Mech ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC MATRIX; PHASE FIELD MODEL; MISFITTING PRECIPITATE; ACCOMMODATION ENERGY; PALLADIUM HYDRIDE; HYDROGEN; CONSTANTS; ALLOYS AB Charging many metal films or powders with hydrogen results in the growth of second-phase metal hydride particles. A large volume difference between hydride and metal can induce plastic deformation and result in a significant hysteresis upon removal of the hydrogen. For a palladium hydride system (with an 11% volume change), we estimate this hysteresis with calculations of the elastic and plastic works of multiple forward and reverse transformations using a two-dimensional finite-element model and find reasonable agreement between finite-element estimates and experimental observations. We also use a three-dimensional phase-field model to determine the effects of particle interactions, but for the isotropic dilation in the Pd/PdH system, these interactions do not apparently have a significant effect. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Krenn, CR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM crkrenn@llnl.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP S415 EP S424 AR PII S0965-0393(04)70551-3 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/12/4/S08 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 837WD UT WOS:000222671000022 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JA Webb, EB Hoyt, JJ Jones, RE Klein, PA Bammann, DJ AF Zimmerman, JA Webb, EB Hoyt, JJ Jones, RE Klein, PA Bammann, DJ TI Calculation of stress in atomistic simulation SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th United States National Congress on Computational Mechanics CY JUL 27-31, 2003 CL Albuquerque, NM SP US Assoc Computat Mech ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VIRIAL-THEOREM; CONTINUUM; SOLIDS; LEVEL; CU AB Atomistic simulation is a useful method for studying material science phenomena. Examination of the state of a simulated material and the determination of its mechanical properties is accomplished by inspecting the stress field within the material. However, stress is inherently a continuum concept and has been proven difficult to define in a physically reasonable manner at the atomic scale. In this paper, an expression for continuum mechanical stress in atomistic systems derived by Hardy is compared with the expression for atomic stress taken from the virial theorem. Hardy's stress expression is evaluated at a fixed spatial point and uses a localization function to dictate how nearby atoms contribute to the stress at that point; thereby performing a local spatial averaging. For systems subjected to deformation, finite temperature, or both, the Hardy description of stress as a function of increasing characteristic volume displays a quicker convergence to values expected from continuum theory than volume averages of the local virial stress. Results are presented on extending Hardy's spatial averaging technique to include temporal averaging for finite temperature systems. Finally, the behaviour of Hardy's expression near a free surface is examined, and is found to be consistent with the mechanical definition for stress. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zimmerman, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jzimmer@sandia.gov RI Zimmerman, Jonathan/A-8019-2012 NR 28 TC 191 Z9 195 U1 5 U2 56 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP S319 EP S332 AR PII S0965-0393(04)71122-5 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/12/4/S03 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 837WD UT WOS:000222671000017 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, JA AF Zimmerman, JA TI Symposia on Multiscale Material Modeling and Simulation (17-20 June 2003, Cambridge, MA, USA) and Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Material Behavior (27-31 July 2003, Sandia, NM, USA) SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Zimmerman, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 837WD UT WOS:000222671000001 ER PT J AU Wang, JY Sarker, AH Cooper, PK Volker, MR AF Wang, JY Sarker, AH Cooper, PK Volker, MR TI The single-strand DNA binding activity of human PC4 prevents mutagenesis and killing by oxidative DNA damage SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATOR PC4; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; COCKAYNE-SYNDROME; HUMAN HOMOLOG; COMPLEX-FORMATION AB Human positive cofactor 4 (PC4) is a transcriptional coactivator with a highly conserved single-strand DNA (ssDNA) binding domain of unknown function. We identified PC4 as a suppressor of the oxidative mutator phenotype of the Escherichia coli fpg mutY mutant and demonstrate that this suppression requires its ssDNA binding activity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking their PC4 ortholog Sub1 are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and exhibit spontaneous and peroxide-induced hypermutability. PC4 expression suppresses the peroxide sensitivity of the yeast sub1Delta mutant, suggesting that the human protein has a similar function. A role for yeast and human proteins in DNA repair is suggested by the demonstration that Sub1 acts in a peroxide resistance pathway involving Rad2 and by the physical interaction of PC4 with the human Rad2 homolog XPG. We show that XPG recruits PC4 to a bubble-containing DNA substrate with a resulting displacement of XPG and formation of a PC4-DNA complex. We discuss the possible requirement for PC4 in either global or transcription-coupled repair of oxidative DNA damage to mediate the release of XPG bound to its substrate. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Volker, MR (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. EM Michael.Volker@umassmed.edu OI Volkert, Michael/0000-0002-0045-0912 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA63503, R01 CA063503]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM56420] NR 61 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 24 IS 13 BP 6084 EP 6093 DI 10.1128/MCB.24.13.6084-6093.2004 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 830UL UT WOS:000222149200042 PM 15199162 ER PT J AU Tomasik, P Anderegg, JW Schilling, CH AF Tomasik, P Anderegg, JW Schilling, CH TI Complexes of 3.6 kDa maltodextrin with some metals SO MOLECULES LA English DT Article DE biopolymer; bismuth(III); lanthanum; magnesium; polysaccharides; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID ALUMINA SUSPENSIONS; TRANSITION GROUPS; STARCH COMPLEXES; POLYSACCHARIDES; RHEOLOGY; SALTS AB Preparation of magnesium, lanthanum, and bismuth(Ill) complexes of 3.6 kDa maltodextrin and some properties of the resulting materials are presented. The metal derivatives contain metals bound to the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of maltodextrin. Additionally, the metal atoms are coordinated to the hydroxyl groups of the D-glucose units of the macroligand. Such coordination stabilized the metal - oxygen bond against hydrolysis, even in boiling water. The presence of magnesium and lanthanum atoms increased the thermal stability of maltodextrin, whereas bismuth atoms decreased it. C1 Univ Agr, Dept Chem, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Saginaw Valley State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Univ Ctr, MI 48710 USA. RP Tomasik, P (reprint author), Univ Agr, Dept Chem, Mickiewicz Ave 21, PL-31120 Krakow, Poland. EM rrtomasi@cyf-kr.edu.pl NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD JUL PY 2004 VL 9 IS 7 BP 583 EP 594 DI 10.3390/90700583 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 835PE UT WOS:000222495200008 PM 18007458 ER PT J AU Blake, C Ferreira, PG Borrill, J AF Blake, C Ferreira, PG Borrill, J TI The angular power spectrum of NVSS radio galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : active; large-scale structure of Universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; VLA SKY SURVEY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; EXTRAGALACTIC OBJECTS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; 1ST SURVEY; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; CLUSTERS AB We measure the angular power spectrum C-l of radio galaxies in the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) using two independent methods: direct spherical harmonic analysis and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The results are consistent and can be understood using models for the spatial matter power spectrum and for the redshift distribution of radio galaxies at mJy flux density levels. A good fit to the angular power spectrum can only be achieved if radio galaxies possess high bias with respect to mass fluctuations; by marginalizing over the other parameters of the model we derive a 68 per cent confidence interval 1.53 < b(0) x σ(8) < 1.87, where b(0) is the linear bias factor for radio galaxies and sigma(8) describes the normalization of the matter power spectrum. Our models indicate that the majority of the signal in the NVSS C-l spectrum is generated at low redshifts z less than or similar to 0.1. Individual redshifts for the NVSS sources are thus required to alleviate projection effects and probe directly the matter power spectrum on large scales. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. LBNL, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Blake, C (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM chrisb@phys.unsw.edu.au NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 351 IS 3 BP 923 EP 934 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07831.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 832IS UT WOS:000222261500019 ER PT J AU McKnight, TE Melechko, AV Hensley, DK Mann, DGJ Griffin, GD Simpson, ML AF McKnight, TE Melechko, AV Hensley, DK Mann, DGJ Griffin, GD Simpson, ML TI Tracking gene expression after DNA delivery using spatially indexed nanofiber Arrays SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOFIBERS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MICROINJECTION; NANOSTRUCTURES AB The penetration and residence of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNF) within live cell matrices is demonstrated upon substrates that incorporate spatially registered indices to facilitate temporal tracking of individual cells. Penetration of DNA-modified carbon nanofibers into live cells using this platform provides efficient delivery and expression of exogenous genes, similar to "microinjection "-styled methods, but on a massively parallel basis. Spatially registered indices on the substrate allow one to conveniently locate individual cells, facilitating temporal tracking of gene expression events. We describe fabrication and use of this gene delivery platform which consists of arrays of individual carbon nanofibers at 5-mum pitch within numerically indexed, 100-mum square grid patterns. Fabrication of these devices on silicon substrates enables mass production of 100 devices (5 mm(2)) per wafer, with each device providing over 800,000 nanofiber-based "needles" for cellular impalement and gene delivery applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP McKnight, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcknightte@ornl.gov RI Melechko, Anatoli/B-8820-2008; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011; Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117; Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 14 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1213 EP 1219 DI 10.1021/nl049504b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 839CX UT WOS:000222762000009 ER PT J AU Jung, GY Ganapathiappan, S Ohlberg, DAA Olynick, DL Chen, Y Tong, WM Williams, RS AF Jung, GY Ganapathiappan, S Ohlberg, DAA Olynick, DL Chen, Y Tong, WM Williams, RS TI Fabrication of a 34 x 34 crossbar structure at 50 nm half-pitch by UV-based nanoimprint lithography SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLASH IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; CIRCUITS; STEP AB We have developed a single-layer UV-nanoimprint process, which was utilized to fabricate 34 x 34 crossbar circuits with a half-pitch of 50 nm (equivalent to a bit density of 10 Gbit/cm(2)). This process contains two innovative ideas to overcome challenges in the nanoimprint at shrinking dimensions. First, our new liquid resist formulation allowed us to minimize the residual resist layer thickness after curing and requires the relatively low imprint pressure of 20 psi. Second, by engineering the surface energy of the substrate we also eliminated the problem of trapped air during contact with the mold such that it spreads the resist and expels trapped air uniformly. Our overall process required fewer processing steps than any bilayer process and yielded high quality results at 50 nm half-pitch. C1 Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Inkjet Technol Platform, Technol Dev Operat, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, RS (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Labs, 1501 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM stan.william@hp.com RI Tong, William/D-2564-2010; Williams, R. Stanley/A-8281-2009 OI Williams, R. Stanley/0000-0003-0213-4259 NR 9 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1225 EP 1229 DI 10.1021/nl0494887q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 839CX UT WOS:000222762000011 ER PT J AU McBride, JR Kippeny, TC Pennycook, SJ Rosenthal, SJ AF McBride, JR Kippeny, TC Pennycook, SJ Rosenthal, SJ TI Aberration-corrected Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy of CdSe nanocrystals SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; SIZE DISPERSION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; CDSE/ZNSE; FILMS AB Aberration-corrected atomic number contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (Z-STEM) was used to study CdSe nanocrystals prepared using different surfactants. With an optimal probe size of 0.8 Angstrom, unprecedentedly detailed images of the nanocrystal's lattice structure and surface morphology were obtained. This level of detail is important for the characterization of nanomaterials because of the high sensitivity of the nanocrystal's properties to minute changes in structure. As an example of the power of this technique, a sample of CdSe nanocrystals prepared using trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as the surfactant was compared to a sample of CdSe prepared using a mixture of TOPO and hexadecylamine (HDA). Z-STEM reveals striking differences in nanocrystal morphology as the result of the addition of HDA. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Rosenthal, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sandra.j.rosenthal@vanderbilt.edu RI McBride, James/D-2934-2012 OI McBride, James/0000-0003-0161-7283 NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1279 EP 1283 DI 10.1021/nl04906q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 839CX UT WOS:000222762000021 ER PT J AU Han, WQ Chang, CW Zettl, A AF Han, WQ Chang, CW Zettl, A TI Encapsulation of one-dimensional potassium halide crystals within BN nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; PURE BN; NANOWIRES; NANOCRYSTALS AB One-dimensional crystals of potassium halides, including Kl, KCl, and KBr, were inserted into boron nitride nanotubes. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used to characterize their microstructures and compositions. The fillings are usually single crystals with lengths up to several micrometers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@physics.berkeley.edu RI Chang, Chih-Wei/A-5974-2012; Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 13 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1355 EP 1357 DI 10.1021/nl0494452 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 839CX UT WOS:000222762000035 ER PT J AU Vanossi, A Bishop, AR Bortolani, V AF Vanossi, A Bishop, AR Bortolani, V TI Role of substrate geometry in sliding friction SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRENKEL-KONTOROVA MODEL; STATES AB Via a Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model approach, we study, in the context of solid friction phenomena, the role of the substrate potential geometry on the underdamped dynamics of a chain of interacting atoms. The choice of an on-site potential defined by the sum of two sinusoidal functions with different periodicity allows us to simulate microscopic sliding over simply periodic, multiple-well periodic and quasiperiodic substrates. We analyse the mobility-force characteristics and the related static friction, commenting on the nature of the particle dynamics in the vicinity of the pinning-depinning transition point and considering the role played by the coverage variable on the depinning mechanism. For the quasiperiodic cases, we also examine the hysteretic behaviour of the chain mobility as a function of the adiabatically varying force at zero temperature. For multiple-well periodic potentials, we observe the possible formation of commensurate dynamical structures during sliding. C1 Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, Via Campi 213-A, I-41100 Modena, Italy. EM vanossi.andrea@unimo.it NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL PY 2004 VL 15 IS 7 BP 790 EP 794 AR PII s0957-4484(04)69802-3 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/15/7/013 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 842TA UT WOS:000223025900022 ER PT J AU Christen, D AF Christen, D TI Superconductors - Pumping up for wire applications SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT News Item ID COATED CONDUCTORS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Christen, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM christendk@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 3 IS 7 BP 421 EP 422 DI 10.1038/nmat1168 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 834CL UT WOS:000222389100004 PM 15229486 ER PT J AU Macmanus-Driscoll, JL Foltyn, SR Jia, QX Wang, H Serquis, A Civale, L Maiorov, B Hawley, ME Maley, MP Peterson, DE AF Macmanus-Driscoll, JL Foltyn, SR Jia, QX Wang, H Serquis, A Civale, L Maiorov, B Hawley, ME Maley, MP Peterson, DE TI Strongly enhanced current densities in superconducting coated conductors of YBa2Cu3O7-x+BaZrO3 SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFECTS; PHYSICS; YBCO C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Macmanus-Driscoll, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jld35@cam.ac.uk RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436 NR 19 TC 681 Z9 689 U1 8 U2 118 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 3 IS 7 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1038/nmat1156 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 834CL UT WOS:000222389100010 PM 15170180 ER PT J AU Deubel, M Von Freymann, G Wegener, M Pereira, S Busch, K Soukoulis, CM AF Deubel, M Von Freymann, G Wegener, M Pereira, S Busch, K Soukoulis, CM TI Direct laser writing of three-dimensional photonic-crystal templates for telecommunications SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; BANDGAP CRYSTALS; GAP; PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; FABRICATION C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Helmholtz Gemeinschaft, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Angew Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theorie Kondensierten Mat, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Univ Cent Florida, FPCE, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM soukoulis@ameslab.gov RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; von Freymann, Georg/B-8577-2011; Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016 OI von Freymann, Georg/0000-0003-2389-5532; NR 18 TC 600 Z9 614 U1 20 U2 203 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 3 IS 7 BP 444 EP 447 DI 10.1038/nmat1155 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 834CL UT WOS:000222389100011 PM 15195083 ER PT J AU Briggs, JAG Simon, MN Gross, I Krausslich, HG Fuller, SD Vogt, VM Johnson, MC AF Briggs, JAG Simon, MN Gross, I Krausslich, HG Fuller, SD Vogt, VM Johnson, MC TI The stoichiometry of Gag protein in HIV-1 SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; IN-VITRO; CAPSID PROTEIN; NUCLEOCAPSID DOMAIN; TYPE-1; VIRIONS; ORGANIZATION; PARTICLES; CORES AB The major structural components of HIV-1 are encoded as a single polyprotein, Gag, which is sufficient for virus particle assembly. Initially, Gag forms an approximately spherical shell underlying the membrane of the immature particle. After proteolytic maturation of Gag, the capsid ( CA) domain of Gag reforms into a conical shell enclosing the RNA genome. This mature shell contains 1,000 1,500 CA proteins assembled into a hexameric lattice with a spacing of 10 nm. By contrast, little is known about the structure of the immature virus. We used cryo-EM and scanning transmission EM to determine that an average ( 145 nm diameter) complete immature HIV particle contains 5,000 structural ( Gag) proteins, more than twice the number from previous estimates. In the immature virus, Gag forms a hexameric lattice with a spacing of 8.0 nm. Thus, less than half of the CA proteins form the mature core. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Hyg, Dept Virol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Div Struct Biol, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnson, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mcj7@cornell.edu RI Briggs, John/J-3096-2012; OI Briggs, John/0000-0003-3990-6910 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR01777] NR 33 TC 315 Z9 321 U1 3 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1545-9985 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 11 IS 7 BP 672 EP 675 DI 10.1038/nsmb785 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 832NL UT WOS:000222274100018 PM 15208690 ER PT J AU Goldstein, LE Hartley, DM Moir, RD Blakely, EA Chang, PI Marcus, MA Martin-Rehrmann, M Ko, G Ericsson, MH Huang, XD Tanzi, RE Bush, AI Chylack, LT AF Goldstein, LE Hartley, DM Moir, RD Blakely, EA Chang, PI Marcus, MA Martin-Rehrmann, M Ko, G Ericsson, MH Huang, XD Tanzi, RE Bush, AI Chylack, LT TI (A beta) in human lens & aqueous humor: Further characterization of a novel AD biomarker SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Alzheimers Assoc C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Charlestown, MA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Bush, Ashley/A-1186-2007 OI Bush, Ashley/0000-0001-8259-9069 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 SU 2 BP S135 EP S136 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(04)80454-8 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843EK UT WOS:000223058700452 ER PT J AU Johnson, NA Jahng, GH Weiner, MW Chui, HC Miller, B Jagust, WJ Schuff, N AF Johnson, NA Jahng, GH Weiner, MW Chui, HC Miller, B Jagust, WJ Schuff, N TI Patterns of cerebral hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment measured with arterial spin labeled MRI SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Alzheimers Assoc C1 VA Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nathan.johnson@med.va.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 SU 2 BP S273 EP S273 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(04)80914-X PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843EK UT WOS:000223058700912 ER PT J AU Kim, JI Wang, CH Kuizon, S Xu, JL Papini, M Gray, PC Rubenstein, R AF Kim, JI Wang, CH Kuizon, S Xu, JL Papini, M Gray, PC Rubenstein, R TI Simple and specific detection of abnormal prion protein by laser-induced fluorescence immunoassay SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Alzheimers Assoc C1 NYS Inst Basic Res, Staten Isl, NY USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Jae.Kim@omr.state.ny.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 SU 2 BP S458 EP S458 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(04)81511-2 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843EK UT WOS:000223058701508 ER PT J AU Shachter, NS Yang, L Liu, YZ Forte, TM Chisholm, JW Parks, JS AF Shachter, NS Yang, L Liu, YZ Forte, TM Chisholm, JW Parks, JS TI Cultured human astrocytes secrete large cholesteryl ester- and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins along with endothelial lipase SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th International Conference on Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders CY JUL 17-22, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Alzheimers Assoc C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. EM nss5@columbia.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD JUL PY 2004 VL 25 SU 2 BP S14 EP S14 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(04)80045-9 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 843EK UT WOS:000223058700046 ER PT J AU Hu, SW Goldman, DI Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK Swinney, HL Gunaratne, GH AF Hu, SW Goldman, DI Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK Swinney, HL Gunaratne, GH TI Stages of relaxation of patterns and the role of stochasticity in the final stage SO NONLINEARITY LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATED GRANULAR LAYER; SWIFT-HOHENBERG EQUATION; CONVECTION; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; PHASE; EQUILIBRIUM; EMERGENCE; DYNAMICS; STATE AB The disorder function formalism (Gunaratne et al 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 5146) is used to show that pattern relaxation in an experiment on a vibrating layer of brass beads occurs in three distinct stages. During stage I, all length scales associated with moments of the disorder grow at a single universal rate, given by L(t) similar to t(0.5). In stage II, pattern evolution is non-universal and includes a range of growth indices. Relaxation in the final stage is characterized by a single, non-universal index. We use analysis of patterns from the Swift-Hohenberg equation to argue that mechanisms that underlie the observed pattern evolution are linear spatio-temporal dynamics (stage I), nonlinear saturation (stage II), and stochasticity (stage III). C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nonlinear Dynam, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Inst Fundamental Studies, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka. RP Hu, SW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Univ Pk, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM gemunu@uh.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0951-7715 J9 NONLINEARITY JI Nonlinearity PD JUL PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1535 EP 1546 AR PII S0951-7715(04)74911-7 DI 10.1088/0951-7715/17/4/021 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 840QF UT WOS:000222873500022 ER PT J AU Eder, DC Koniges, AE Jones, OS Marinak, MM Tobin, MT MacGowan, BJ AF Eder, DC Koniges, AE Jones, OS Marinak, MM Tobin, MT MacGowan, BJ TI Late-time simulation of National Ignition Facility hohlraums SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TARGETS; DESIGN AB The late-time (t greater than or equal to 80 ns) behaviour of hohlraums designed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is simulated using the multiphysics radiation hydrodynamics codes LASNEX and HYDRA. The spatial distribution of x-radiation outside the hohlraum is shown as a function of time. The energy spectrum of the x-ray emission is presented for various hohlraum viewing angles. We have made refinements to the grid motion algorithms in the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics code HYDRA to obtain the first late-time simulations of a hohlraum that can be used to give the spatial distribution of the vaporized hohlraum wall. The importance of late-time simulations in determining the lifetimes of debris shields C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Eder, DC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 7 BP 709 EP 719 AR PII S0029-5515(04)79731-8 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/7/003 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844IY UT WOS:000223152800003 ER PT J AU Strachan, JD Corrigan, G Kallenbach, A Matthews, GF Meister, H Neu, R Rohde, V Spence, J AF Strachan, JD Corrigan, G Kallenbach, A Matthews, GF Meister, H Neu, R Rohde, V Spence, J TI Diverted tokamak carbon screening: scaling with machine size and consequences for core contamination SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL EROSION; FUSION DEVICES; GRAPHITE; SUBLIMATION; BEHAVIOR; CODE; JET AB Plasma impurity content depends on the impurity sources, fuelling efficiency, and confinement. In JET, carbon is the primary impurity, and its fuelling efficiency has been studied using methane gas injection and modelled with the scrape-off-layer (SOL) codes: DIVIMP and EDGE2D). In this paper, EDGE2D modelling of similar ASDEX Upgrade experiments and projections to ITER are described.The parameters that govern the size scaling of carbon screening have been identified. Size scaling is complex. For carbon injected from the main chamber, the important factors include: the SOL temperature, the magnitude of the thermal force at the divertor entrance, and the parallel distance to the divertor. For carbon injected at the strike points, the intersection of the carbon ionization region with the region of strong thermal force determines the carbon fuelling efficiency. ITER projects to have much better carbon screening than JET. The ITER SOL is hotter so that main chamber carbon is ionized further from the separatrix making the calculated carbon fuelling efficiency lower. Also, the carbon originating near the strike point has less chance of escaping the divertor since the ITER divertor is larger. The carbon sputtering is projected to be larger, making the ITER core contamination difficult to estimate. A general result is that the core contamination at fixed total sputtering rate and core impurity confinement increases when the fraction of carbon ionized in the main chamber SOL increases, and decreases for larger machine size and higher density operation. C1 Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA, Culham Sci Ctr, EURATOM, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Strachan, JD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Neu, Rudolf /B-4438-2010 OI Neu, Rudolf /0000-0002-6062-1955 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD JUL PY 2004 VL 44 IS 7 BP 772 EP 787 AR PII S0029-5515(04)80788-9 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/44/7/009 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 844IY UT WOS:000223152800009 ER PT J AU Vinogradov, NE Ostroumov, PN Pardo, RC Sharamentov, SI Zinkann, GP AF Vinogradov, NE Ostroumov, PN Pardo, RC Sharamentov, SI Zinkann, GP TI A detector of bunch time structure for cw heavy-ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE bunch shape; secondary electrons; RF deflector AB The manuscript describes the design, commissioning and performance of a new device for the measurement of bunch time structure of heavy-ion beams. The Bunch Length Detector (BLD) has been developed, constructed and installed at the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerating System, a superconducting linac. The BLD is a wire scanning detector based on the analysis of secondary electrons produced by the primary beam hitting a target wire. The device provides measuring of bunch phase spectrum for ion beams in a wide range of energies, intensities and species in cw mode with up to 20 ps resolution. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vinogradov, NE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vinogradov@phy.anl.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 526 IS 3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.023 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 835JX UT WOS:000222480100002 ER PT J AU Ohmori, C Kanazawa, M Takagi, A Noda, K Uesugi, T Shirakabe, Y Sugiura, A Mori, Y Muto, M Chou, W AF Ohmori, C Kanazawa, M Takagi, A Noda, K Uesugi, T Shirakabe, Y Sugiura, A Mori, Y Muto, M Chou, W TI Beam diagnostics using a chopped beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE accelerator; beam chopper; beam diagnostics; RF system AB A new type of beam chopper has been developed and installed at HIMAC (Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba) in NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences). The chopper has only 11.6cm length and has been set between the ion sources and the RFQ. It is similar to a beam transformer, and modulates the beam kinetic energy by 10% The beam is successfully chopped because the RFQ has a rather small energy acceptance. A chopped beam was injected into the synchrotron and a beam study has been performed. A very short bunch was formed and accelerated to the top energy. The behavior of the short bunch shows that a dipole oscillation was excited because of an unexpected frequency error of the RF system. It was caused by noise in the B-clock (Gauss Clock) circuit. The dipole oscillation caused by the frequency error was significantly reduced and the acceleration efficiency was improved by replacing the B-clock module. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 KEK, Accelerator Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Inage Ku, Chiba 2638555, Japan. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ohmori, C (reprint author), KEK, Accelerator Div, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM chihiro.ohmori@kek.jp NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 526 IS 3 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.039 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 835JX UT WOS:000222480100003 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Allspach, D Ambrose, D Bialek, J Bokhari, W Brozovic, M Binkley, M Burkett, K Byon-Wagner, A Cogswell, F Dressnandt, N Feng, Z Franklin, M Galtieri, L Gerdes, DW Greenwood, J Guarino, V da Costa, JG Haggerty, R Hall, C Heinrich, J Holloway, A Jacobi, T Kephart, K Khazins, D Kim, YK Kirby, M Kononenko, W Kotwal, AV Kraus, J Liss, TM Lockyer, N Madrak, R Miao, T Mukherjee, A Neu, C Newcomer, M Niczyporuk, JM Nodulman, L Orejudous, W Phillips, TJ Pitts, KT Reigler, W Richards, R Rivetta, C Robertson, WJ Roser, R Sadler, L Sandberg, R Sansone, S Schmitt, R Schultz, K Shuman, D Silva, R Singh, P Snihur, R Tamburello, P Taylor, J Thurman-Keup, R Tousignant, D Ukegawa, F Van Berg, R Veramendi, G Vickey, T Wacker, J Wagner, RL Weidenbach, R Wester, WC Williams, HH Wilson, P Wittich, P Yagil, A Yu, I Yu, S Yun, JC AF Affolder, T Allspach, D Ambrose, D Bialek, J Bokhari, W Brozovic, M Binkley, M Burkett, K Byon-Wagner, A Cogswell, F Dressnandt, N Feng, Z Franklin, M Galtieri, L Gerdes, DW Greenwood, J Guarino, V da Costa, JG Haggerty, R Hall, C Heinrich, J Holloway, A Jacobi, T Kephart, K Khazins, D Kim, YK Kirby, M Kononenko, W Kotwal, AV Kraus, J Liss, TM Lockyer, N Madrak, R Miao, T Mukherjee, A Neu, C Newcomer, M Niczyporuk, JM Nodulman, L Orejudous, W Phillips, TJ Pitts, KT Reigler, W Richards, R Rivetta, C Robertson, WJ Roser, R Sadler, L Sandberg, R Sansone, S Schmitt, R Schultz, K Shuman, D Silva, R Singh, P Snihur, R Tamburello, P Taylor, J Thurman-Keup, R Tousignant, D Ukegawa, F Van Berg, R Veramendi, G Vickey, T Wacker, J Wagner, RL Weidenbach, R Wester, WC Williams, HH Wilson, P Wittich, P Yagil, A Yu, I Yu, S Yun, JC TI CDF central outer tracker SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE CDF; central; outer; tracker; drift; chamber AB The Central Outer Tracker is a large cylindrical drift chamber constructed to replace Collider Detector at Fermilab's original central drift chamber for the higher luminosity expected for Run 2 at the Fermilab Tevatron. The chamber's drift properties are described in the context of meeting the operating requirements for Run 2. The design and construction of the chamber, the front-end readout electronics, and the high-voltage system are described in detail. Wire aging considerations are also discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Duke Univ, HEP Div, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Jefferson Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Michigan, Randall Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. UCL, High Energy Phys Grp, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 318,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM wagner@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 208 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 1 PY 2004 VL 526 IS 3 BP 249 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.02.020 PG 51 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 835JX UT WOS:000222480100007 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Jackson, CB Orr, LH Reina, L Wackeroth, D AF Dawson, S Jackson, CB Orr, LH Reina, L Wackeroth, D TI NLO QCD corrections to hadronic Higgs production with heavy quarks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th High-Energy International Conference on Quantum ChromoDynamics CY JUL 02-09, 2003 CL Montpellier, FRANCE SP Montpellier Reg, Univ Montpellier ID HIGHER-ORDER CORRECTIONS; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; ONE-LOOP INTEGRALS; ANNIHILATION; BOSON AB The production of a Higgs boson in association with a pair of t (t) over bar or b (b) over bar quarks plays a very important role at both the Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider. The theoretical prediction of the corresponding cross sections has been improved by including the complete next-to-leading order QCD corrections. After a brief description of the most relevant technical aspects of the calculation, we review the results obtained for both the Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Dawson, Sally/0000-0002-5598-695X NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 133 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.04.146 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 845FY UT WOS:000223224400020 ER PT J AU Warsa, JS Wareing, TA Morel, JE AF Warsa, JS Wareing, TA Morel, JE TI Krylov iterative methods and the degraded effectiveness of diffusion synthetic acceleration for multidimensional S-N calculations in problems with material discontinuities SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-ORDINATES EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL TRANSPORT PROBLEMS; ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS; SUBSPACE METHODS; OPTICALLY THICK; GMRES; GEOMETRY; REGIMES AB A loss in the effectiveness of diffusion synthetic acceleration (DSA) schemes has been observed with certain S-N discretizations on two-dimensional Cartesian grids in the presence of material discontinuities. We will present more evidence supporting the conjecture that DSA effectiveness will degrade for multidimensional problems with discontinuous total cross sections, regardless of the particular physical configuration or spatial discretization. Fourier analysis and numerical experiments help us identify a set of representative problems for which established DSA schemes are ineffective, focusing on diffusive problems for which DSA is most needed. We consider a lumped, linear discontinuous spatial discretization of the S-N transport equation on three-dimensional, unstructured tetrahedral meshes and look at a fully consistent and a "partially consistent" DSA method for this discretization. The effectiveness of both methods is shown to degrade significantly. A Fourier analysis of the fully consistent DSA scheme in the limit of decreasing cell optical thickness supports the view that the DSA itself is failing when material discontinuities are present in a problem. We show that a Krylov iterative method, preconditioned with DSA, is an effective remedy that can be used to efficiently compute solutions for this class of problems. We show that as a preconditioner to the Krylov method, a partially consistent DSA method is more than adequate. In fact, it is preferable to a fully consistent method because the partially consistent method is based on a continuous finite element discretization of the diffusion equation that can be solved relatively easily. The Krylov method can be implemented in terms of the original S-N source iteration coding with only slight modification. Results from numerical experiments show that replacing source iteration with a preconditioned Krylov method can efficiently solve problems that are virtually intractable with accelerated source iteration. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Warsa, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM warsa@lanl.gov NR 40 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2004 VL 147 IS 3 BP 218 EP 248 PG 31 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 837UU UT WOS:000222667300003 ER EF