FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gehrels, N Chincarini, G Giommi, P Mason, KO Nousek, JA Wells, AA White, NE Barthelmy, SD Burrows, DN Cominsky, LR Hurley, KC Marshall, FE Meszaros, P Roming, PWA Angelini, L Barbier, LM Belloni, T Campana, S Caraveo, PA Chester, MM Citterio, O Cline, TL Cropper, MS Cummings, JR Dean, AJ Feigelson, ED Fenimore, EE Frail, DA Fruchter, AS Garmire, GP Gendreau, K Ghisellini, G Greiner, J Hill, JE Hunsberger, SD Krimm, HA Kulkarni, SR Kumar, P Lebrun, F Lloyd-Ronning, NM Markwardt, CB Mattson, BJ Mushotzky, RF Norris, JP Osborne, J Paczynski, B Palmer, DM Park, HS Parsons, AM Paul, J Rees, MJ Reynolds, CS Rhoads, JE Sasseen, TP Schaefer, BE Short, AT Smale, AP Smith, IA Stella, L Tagliaferri, G Takahashi, T Tashiro, M Townsley, LK Tueller, J Turner, MJL Vietri, M Voges, W Ward, MJ Willingale, R Zerbi, FM Zhang, WW AF Gehrels, N Chincarini, G Giommi, P Mason, KO Nousek, JA Wells, AA White, NE Barthelmy, SD Burrows, DN Cominsky, LR Hurley, KC Marshall, FE Meszaros, P Roming, PWA Angelini, L Barbier, LM Belloni, T Campana, S Caraveo, PA Chester, MM Citterio, O Cline, TL Cropper, MS Cummings, JR Dean, AJ Feigelson, ED Fenimore, EE Frail, DA Fruchter, AS Garmire, GP Gendreau, K Ghisellini, G Greiner, J Hill, JE Hunsberger, SD Krimm, HA Kulkarni, SR Kumar, P Lebrun, F Lloyd-Ronning, NM Markwardt, CB Mattson, BJ Mushotzky, RF Norris, JP Osborne, J Paczynski, B Palmer, DM Park, HS Parsons, AM Paul, J Rees, MJ Reynolds, CS Rhoads, JE Sasseen, TP Schaefer, BE Short, AT Smale, AP Smith, IA Stella, L Tagliaferri, G Takahashi, T Tashiro, M Townsley, LK Tueller, J Turner, MJL Vietri, M Voges, W Ward, MJ Willingale, R Zerbi, FM Zhang, WW TI The Swift gamma-ray burst mission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; space vehicles : instruments; telescopes ID OPTICAL/UV MONITOR TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; JET-X TELESCOPE; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; HOST GALAXIES; ERROR BOX; SUPERNOVA; AFTERGLOW AB The Swift mission, scheduled for launch in 2004, is a multiwavelength observatory for gamma-ray burst (GRB) astronomy. It is a first-of-its-kind autonomous rapid-slewing satellite for transient astronomy and pioneers the way for future rapid-reaction and multiwavelength missions. It will be far more powerful than any previous GRB mission, observing more than 100 bursts yr(-1) and performing detailed X-ray and UV/optical afterglow observations spanning timescales from 1 minute to several days after the burst. The objectives are to (1) determine the origin of GRBs, (2) classify GRBs and search for new types, (3) study the interaction of the ultrarelativistic outflows of GRBs with their surrounding medium, and (4) use GRBs to study the early universe out to z>10. The mission is being developed by a NASA-led international collaboration. It will carry three instruments: a new-generation wide-field gamma-ray (15-150 keV) detector that will detect bursts, calculate 1'-4' positions, and trigger autonomous spacecraft slews; a narrow-field X-ray telescope that will give 5" positions and perform spectroscopy in the 0.2-10 keV band; and a narrow-field UV/optical telescope that will operate in the 170-600 nm band and provide 0".3 positions and optical finding charts. Redshift determinations will be made for most bursts. In addition to the primary GRB science, the mission will perform a hard X-ray survey to a sensitivity of similar to1 mcrab (similar to2x10(-11) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) in the 15-150 keV band), more than an order of magnitude better than HEAO 1 A-4. A flexible data and operations system will allow rapid follow-up observations of all types of high-energy transients, with rapid data downlink and uplink available through the NASA TDRSS system. Swift transient data will be rapidly distributed to the astronomical community, and all interested observers are encouraged to participate in follow-up measurements. A Guest Investigator program for the mission will provide funding for community involvement. Innovations from the Swift program applicable to the future include (1) a large-area gamma-ray detector using the new CdZnTe detectors, (2) an autonomous rapid-slewing spacecraft, (3) a multiwavelength payload combining optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray instruments, (4) an observing program coordinated with other ground-based and space-based observatories, and (5) immediate multiwavelength data flow to the community. The mission is currently funded for 2 yr of operations, and the spacecraft will have a lifetime to orbital decay of similar to8 yr. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00198 Rome, Italy. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. CNR, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Phys & Astron, Southampton S017 1BJ, Hants, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CEA, DSM, DAPNIA, SAP,Ctr Etud Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Toronto, McClennan Labs, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Commun EER L3, Chantilly, VA USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Rome, Italy. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura, Saitama, Japan. Univ Florence, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012; Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; OI White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; Ghisellini, Gabriele/0000-0002-0037-1974; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Zerbi, Filippo Maria/0000-0002-9996-973X; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 NR 61 TC 1824 Z9 1836 U1 17 U2 76 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 2 BP 1005 EP 1020 DI 10.1086/422091 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 847NY UT WOS:000223403400032 ER PT J AU Desai, MI Mason, GM Wiedenbeck, ME Cohen, CMS Mazur, JE Dwyer, JR Gold, RE Krimigis, SM Hu, Q Smith, CW Skoug, RM AF Desai, MI Mason, GM Wiedenbeck, ME Cohen, CMS Mazur, JE Dwyer, JR Gold, RE Krimigis, SM Hu, Q Smith, CW Skoug, RM TI Spectral properties of heavy ions associated with the passage of interplanetary shocks at 1 AU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; interplanetary medium; shock waves ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; SOLAR ISOTOPE SPECTROMETER; CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTION; RANKINE-HUGONIOT PROBLEM; EJECTION-DRIVEN SHOCKS; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; TRAVELING SHOCKS AB We have surveyed the energy spectra of similar to0.1-100 MeV nucleon(-1) C, O, and Fe nuclei associated with the passage of 72 interplanetary (IP) shocks observed on board the ACE spacecraft during the period 1997 October-2002 October. Our main results are as follows: (1) The spectral fit parameters are independent of the local shock properties. (2) About 7% of the events exhibit increasing Fe/O ratios with energy; the remaining events have Fe/O ratios that either remain constant or decrease with energy. (3) The Fe/O ratio in the shock-associated particles is typically similar to30% lower than in the ambient population. (4) The fractionation pattern of the elemental abundances, the O spectra, and the energy-dependence of Fe/O at the IP shocks are remarkably similar to those of the ambient interplanetary suprathermal ion population. We suggest that the IP shocks studied here reaccelerate energetic particle seed spectra composed of ions from impulsive and gradual solar energetic particle events by systematic rigidity-dependent mechanisms in which higher rigidity ions are accelerated less efficiently than lower rigidity ions. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 76 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 2 BP 1156 EP 1174 DI 10.1086/422211 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 847NY UT WOS:000223403400048 ER PT J AU Gibbons, JW AF Gibbons, JW TI C. Robert Shoop - 1935-2003 - Obituary SO COPEIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gibbons, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM gibbons@srel.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 20 PY 2004 IS 3 BP 728 EP 730 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 849FL UT WOS:000223524000036 ER PT J AU Halpern, MB Helfgott, C AF Halpern, MB Helfgott, C TI A basic class of twisted open WZW strings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE string theory; conformal field theory; orbifolds; affine Lie algebra ID GENERAL VIRASORO CONSTRUCTION; CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORIES; PION-QUARK MODEL; PERMUTATION ORBIFOLDS; 2 DIMENSIONS; BOUNDARY; ALGEBRA; OPERATORS; GEOMETRY; FACES AB Recently, Giusto and Halpern reported the open-string description of a certain basic class of untwisted open WZW strings, including their associated noncommutative geometry and open-string KZ equations. In this paper, we combine this development with results from the theory of current-algebraic orbifolds to find the open-string description of a corresponding basic class of twisted open WZW strings, which begin and end on different WZW branes. The basic class of twisted open WZW strings is in 1-to-1 correspondence with the twisted sectors of all closed-string WZW orbifolds, and moreover, the basic class can be decomposed into a large collection of open-string WZW orbifolds. At the classical level, these open-string orbifolds exhibit new twisted noncommutative geometries, and we also find the relevant twisted open-string KZ equations which describe these orbifolds at the quantum level. In a related development, we also formulate the closed-string description (in terms of twisted boundary states) of the general twisted open WZW string. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halpern, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM halpern@physics.berkeley.edu; helfgott@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 21 BP 3481 EP 3540 DI 10.1142/S0217751X04019421 PG 60 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 853MZ UT WOS:000223833000003 ER PT J AU Horn, NA Hurst, GB Mayasundari, A Whittemore, NA Serpersu, EH Peterson, CB AF Horn, NA Hurst, GB Mayasundari, A Whittemore, NA Serpersu, EH Peterson, CB TI Assignment of the four disulfides in the N-terminal somatomedin B domain of native vitronectin isolated from human plasma SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; CYSTINE-KNOT; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; CELL-MIGRATION; INTRACELLULAR BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VIVO; PROTEINS AB The primary sequence of the N-terminal somatomedin B (SMB) domain of native vitronectin contains 44 amino acids, including a framework of four disulfide bonds formed by 8 closely spaced cysteines in sequence patterns similar to those found in the cystine knot family of proteins. The SMB domain of vitronectin was isolated by digesting the protein with endoproteinase Glu-C and purifying the N-terminal 1-55 peptide by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Through a combination of techniques, including stepwise reduction and alkylation at acidic pH, peptide mapping with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and NMR, the disulfide bonds contained in the SMB domain have been determined to be Cys(5):Cys(9), Cys(19):Cys(31), Cys(21):Cys(32), and Cys(25):Cys(39). This pattern of disulfides differs from two other connectivities that have been reported previously for recombinant forms of the SMB domain expressed in Escherichia coli. This arrangement of disulfide bonds in the SMB domain from native vitronectin forms a rigid core around the Cys(19):Cys(31) and Cys(21):Cys(32) disulfides. A small positively charged loop is created at the N terminus by the Cys(5):Cys(9) cystine. The most prominent feature of this disulfide-bonding pattern is a loop between Cys(25) and Cys(39) similar to cystine-stabilized alpha-helical structures commonly observed in cystine knots. This alpha-helix has been confirmed in the solution structure determined for this domain using NMR (Mayasundari, A., Whittemore, N. A., Serpersu, E. H., and Peterson, C. B. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 29359-29366). It confers function on the SMB domain, comprising the site for binding to plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and the urokinase receptor. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Excellence Struct Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peterson, CB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, M407 Walters Life Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cynthia_peterson@utk.edu OI Hurst, Gregory/0000-0002-7650-8009 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL50676] NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 34 BP 35867 EP 35878 DI 10.1074/jbc.M405716200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 846GJ UT WOS:000223303400088 PM 15173163 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Effect of the ionic strength of the solution and the nature of its ions on the adsorption mechanism of ionic species in RPLC - III. Equilibrium isotherms and overloaded band profiles on Kromasil-C-18 SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE ionic strength; adsorption equilibrium; adsorption isotherms; frontal analysis; moreau isotherm model; overloaded band profiles; Kromasil-C-18; propranolol ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER MOBILE PHASES; IONIZABLE COMPOUNDS; C-18-BONDED SILICA; ORGANIC-SOLVENT; PH VALUES; RETENTION; HPLC; REPRODUCIBILITY; REPEATABILITY AB In two companion papers, we have described the influence of the concentration and the nature of completely dissociated salts dissolved in the mobile phase (methanol:water, 40:60, v/v) on the adsorption behavior of propranolol (R'-NH2+-R, C1) on XTerra-C-18 and on Symmetry-C-18. The same experiments were repeated on a Kromasil-C-18 column to compare the adsorption behavior of this ionic compound on these three different RPLC systems. The adsorption data of propranolol hydrochloride were first measured by frontal analysis (FA) using a mobile phase without salt. These data fit best to the Bi-Moreau model. Large concentration band profiles of propranolol were recorded with mobile phases containing increasing KC1 concentrations (0, 0.002, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 M) and the best values of the isotherm coefficients were determined using the numerical solution of the inverse problem of chromatography. The general effect of a dissociated salt in the mobile phase was the same as the one observed earlier with XTerra-C-18 and Symmetry-C-18. However, obvious differences were observed for the shape of the band profiles recorded at low column loading (1.5 g/L, 250 muL injected). A long shoulder is visible at all salt concentrations and the band broadening is maximum at low salt concentrations. A slow mass transfer kinetics on the high-energy sites of the bi-Moreau model might explain this original shape. Five other salts (NaCl, CsCl, KNO3, CaC1(2) and Na2SO4) were also used at the same ionic strength (J = 0.2 M). As many different band profiles were observed, suggesting that specific solute-salt interactions take place in the adsorbed phase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 1047 IS 1 BP 33 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.088 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 849SJ UT WOS:000223560700004 PM 15481458 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D 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Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BaBar Collaboration TI Measurement of the B -> X(s)l(+)l(-) branching fraction with a sum over exclusive modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DECAYS AB We measure the branching fraction for the flavor-changing neutral-current process B-->X(s)l(+)l(-) with a sample of 89x10(6) Y(4S)-->B (B) over bar events recorded with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) storage ring. The final state is reconstructed from e(+)e(-) or mu(+)mu(-) pairs and a hadronic system X-s consisting of one K+/- or K-S(0) and up to two pions, with at most one pi(0). We observe a signal of 40+/-10(stat)+/-2(syst) events and extract the inclusive branching fraction B(B-->X(s)l(+)l(-))=(5.6+/-1.5(stat)+/-0.6(exp syst)+/-1.1(model syst))x10(-6) for m(l)(+)l(-)>0.2 GeV/c(2). C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. 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RI Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 OI Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; NR 20 TC 180 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 081802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.081802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400016 PM 15323685 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM 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Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Charles, MJ Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, 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Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H CA BaBar Collaboration TI Bound on the ratio of decay amplitudes for (B)over-bar(0)-> J/psi K*(0) and B-0 -> J/psi K*(0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION AB We have measured the time-dependent decay rate for the process B-->J/psiK(*0)(892) in a sample of about 88x10(6) Y(4S)-->B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. In this sample we study flavor-tagged events in which one neutral B meson is reconstructed in the J/psiK(*0) or J/psi(K) over bar (*0) final state. We measure the coefficients of the cosine and sine terms in the time-dependent asymmetries for J/psiK(*0) and J/psi(K) over bar (*0), find them to be consistent with the standard model expectations, and set upper limits at 90% confidence level (C.L.) on the decay amplitude ratios \A((B) over bar (0)-->J/psiK(*0))//\A(B-0-->J/psiK(*0))\<0.26 and \A(B-0-->J/psi(K) over bar (*0))\/\A((B) over bar (0)-->J/psi(K) over bar (*0))\<0.32. For a single ratio of wrong-flavor to favored amplitudes for B-0 and (B) over bar (0) combined, we obtain an upper limit of 0.25 at 90% C.L. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. 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RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014 OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 081801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.081801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400015 ER PT J AU Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Becker, B Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Harrington, AS Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lee, JW Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sedykh, I Skulski, W Smith, CE Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Veres, GI Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyslouch, B Zhang, J AF Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Becker, B Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Busza, W Carroll, A Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Gushue, S Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Harrington, AS Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Lee, JW Lin, WT Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Park, IC Pernegger, H Reed, C Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Sarin, P Sedykh, I Skulski, W Smith, CE Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Verdier, R Veres, GI Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyslouch, B Zhang, J CA PHOBOS Collaboration TI Pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles in d+Au collisions at root(s)(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HIGH-ENERGY; MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION; QCD; PROTON AB The measured pseudorapidity distribution of primary charged particles in minimum-bias d+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV is presented for the first time. This distribution falls off less rapidly in the gold direction as compared to the deuteron direction. The average value of the charged particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity is (eta less than or equal to0.6)=9.4+/-0.7(syst) and the integrated primary charged particle multiplicity in the measured region is 82+/-6(syst). Estimates of the total charged particle production, based on extrapolations outside the measured pseudorapidity region, are also presented. The pseudorapidity distribution, normalized to the number of participants in d+Au collisions, is compared to those of Au+Au and p+(p) over bar systems at the same energy. The d+Au distribution is also compared to the predictions of the parton saturation model, as well as microscopic models. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011 NR 21 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 082301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.082301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400018 PM 15447175 ER PT J AU Cumings, J Zettl, A AF Cumings, J Zettl, A TI Localization and nonlinear resistance in telescopically extended nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; NON-METALLIC CONDUCTION; ELECTRICAL-TRANSPORT; BALLISTIC CONDUCTORS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; SYSTEMS AB We have measured the electrical resistance R between the ends of a multiwall carbon nanotube during telescopic extension of the nanotube. R increases monotonically with extension and is hysteresis free, demonstrating that a telescoping nanotube constitutes a near-ideal nanometer-scale rheostat. The functional form of R is nonlinear and consistent with an exponential form predicted for a one-dimensional localized system, with a characteristic localization length 1000-1500 nm. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@physics.berkeley.edu RI Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 30 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 086801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.086801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400055 PM 15447212 ER PT J AU Harris, LA Quong, AA AF Harris, LA Quong, AA TI Molecular chemisorption as the theoretically preferred pathway for water adsorption on ideal rutile TiO2(110) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; H2O DISSOCIATION; SURFACE; TIO2; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; EXTENT AB By taking careful account of slab thickness and adsorbate orientation effects we present, for the first time, periodic density functional calculations predicting the preference of water to adsorb in a molecular state on the ideal rutile TiO2(110) surface at all coverages less than or equal to1 monolayer (ML). Moreover, while this has been predicted previously for 1/4 ML coverage [R. Schaub et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 266104 (2001)], we show that the assertion made in that work, that dissociation is energetically unfeasible on the ideal surface, is incorrect. Our results thus resolve a long-standing discrepancy between theory and experiment and significantly improve the understanding of water chemistry on TiO2 surfaces. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Harris, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lh64@cornell.edu OI Harris, Leonard/0000-0003-2112-6940 NR 28 TC 121 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 086105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.086105 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400047 PM 15447204 ER PT J AU Jahnke, T Foucar, L Titze, J Wallauer, R Osipov, T Benis, EP Alnaser, A Jagutzki, O Arnold, W Semenov, SK Cherepkov, NA Schmidt, LPH Czasch, A Staudte, A Schoffler, M Cocke, CL Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R AF Jahnke, T Foucar, L Titze, J Wallauer, R Osipov, T Benis, EP Alnaser, A Jagutzki, O Arnold, W Semenov, SK Cherepkov, NA Schmidt, LPH Czasch, A Staudte, A Schoffler, M Cocke, CL Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R TI Vibrationally resolved K-shell photoionization of CO with circularly polarized light SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; THRESHOLD REGION; MOLECULES; C-1S; N-2 AB Diffraction of a low energy (<4 eV) carbon-K-photoelectron wave that is created inside a CO molecule by absorption of a circularly polarized photon is investigated. The measurements resolve the vibrational states of the K-shell ionized CO+ molecule and display the photoelectron diffraction patterns in the molecular frame. These show significant variation for the different vibrational states. This effect is stronger than predicted by state-of-the-art theory. As this study is performed close to C-K-threshold and, therefore, far below the molecule's sigma-shape resonance, this surprisingly strong effect is not related to that resonance phenomenon. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. State Univ Aerosp Instrumentat, St Petersburg 190000, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jahnke, T (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, August Euler Str 6, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. EM jahnke@hsb.uni-frankfurt.de RI Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Benis, Emmanouil/G-9543-2011 OI Staudte, Andre/0000-0002-8284-3831; Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Benis, Emmanouil/0000-0002-5564-153X NR 17 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 083002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.083002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400023 PM 15447180 ER PT J AU Jaime, M Correa, VF Harrison, N Batista, CD Kawashima, N Kazuma, Y Jorge, GA Stern, R Heinmaa, I Zvyagin, SA Sasago, Y Uchinokura, K AF Jaime, M Correa, VF Harrison, N Batista, CD Kawashima, N Kazuma, Y Jorge, GA Stern, R Heinmaa, I Zvyagin, SA Sasago, Y Uchinokura, K TI Magnetic-field-induced condensation of triplons in Han Purple pigment BaCuSi2O6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SPIN-GAP; LIQUID-HELIUM; GROUND-STATE; TLCUCL3 AB Besides being an ancient pigment, BaCuSi2O6 is a quasi-2D magnetic insulator with a gapped spin dimer ground state. The application of strong magnetic fields closes this gap, creating a gas of bosonic spin triplet excitations. The topology of the spin lattice makes BaCuSi2O6 an ideal candidate for studying the Bose-Einstein condensation of triplet excitations as a function of the external magnetic field, which acts as a chemical potential. In agreement with quantum Monte Carlo numerical simulations, we observe a distinct lambda anomaly in the specific heat together with a maximum in the magnetic susceptibility upon cooling down to liquid helium temperatures. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NICPB, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia. Natl Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Jaime, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mjaime@lanl.gov RI Heinmaa, Ivo/B-1696-2008; Zvyagin, Sergei/H-8389-2014; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Stern, Raivo/A-5387-2008 OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Stern, Raivo/0000-0002-6724-9834 NR 25 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 087203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.087203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400064 PM 15447221 ER PT J AU Lang, DV Chi, X Siegrist, T Sergent, AM Ramirez, AP AF Lang, DV Chi, X Siegrist, T Sergent, AM Ramirez, AP TI Amorphouslike density of gap states in single-crystal pentacene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ELECTRONICS; SI AB We show that optical and electrical measurements on pentacene single crystals can be used to extract the density of states in the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital band gap. It is found that these highly purified crystals possess band tails broader than those typically observed in inorganic amorphous solids. Results on field-effect transistors fabricated from similar crystals imply that the gap state density is much larger within 5-10 nm of the gate dielectric. Thus, organic thin-film transistors for such applications as flexible displays might be significantly improved by reducing these defects. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Lang, DV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 154 Z9 154 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 086802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.086802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400056 PM 15447213 ER PT J AU O'Brien, JL Pryde, GJ Gilchrist, A James, DFV Langford, NK Ralph, TC White, AG AF O'Brien, JL Pryde, GJ Gilchrist, A James, DFV Langford, NK Ralph, TC White, AG TI Quantum process tomography of a controlled-NOT gate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate complete characterization of a two-qubit entangling process-a linear optics controlled-NOT gate operating with coincident detection-by quantum process tomography. We use a maximum-likelihood estimation to convert the experimental data into a physical process matrix. The process matrix allows an accurate prediction of the operation of the gate for arbitrary input states and a calculation of gate performance measures such as the average gate fidelity, average purity, and entangling capability of our gate, which are 0.90, 0.83, and 0.73, respectively. C1 Univ Queensland, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP O'Brien, JL (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RI Pryde, Geoff/A-8067-2008; Gilchrist, Alexei/B-9968-2009; O'Brien, Jeremy/A-6290-2008; Langford, Nathan/A-5699-2012; Ralph, Timothy/A-1858-2011; James, Daniel/B-9805-2009; White, Andrew/A-1088-2009; OI Langford, Nathan/0000-0003-4338-3059; James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602; White, Andrew/0000-0001-9639-5200; O'Brien, Jeremy/0000-0002-3576-8285 NR 31 TC 208 Z9 210 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 080502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.080502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400008 PM 15447165 ER PT J AU Sapozhnikov, MV Aranson, IS Kwok, WK Tolmachev, YV AF Sapozhnikov, MV Aranson, IS Kwok, WK Tolmachev, YV TI Self-assembly and vortices formed by microparticles in weak electrolytes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS; PATTERN-FORMATION; CRYSTALS AB We carried out experimental studies of the self-assembly of metallic micron-size particles in poorly conducting liquid subject to a constant electric field. Depending on the experimental conditions, the particles self-assemble into long chains directed along the electric field lines and form vortices and other structures. The vortices perform Brownian-type random motion due to self-induced chaotic hydrodynamic flows. We measured the diffusivity constant of the vortices and the conductivity and mechanical stiffness of the chains. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod 603000, Russia. Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Sapozhnikov, MV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013; OI Tolmachev, Yuriy/0000-0001-6705-6058 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 084502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.084502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400037 PM 15447194 ER PT J AU Wong, KL Budny, R Nazikian, R Petty, CC Greenfield, CM Heidbrink, WW Ruskov, E AF Wong, KL Budny, R Nazikian, R Petty, CC Greenfield, CM Heidbrink, WW Ruskov, E TI Alpha-channeling simulation experiment in the DIII-D tokamak SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; FUSION TEST REACTOR; INSTABILITIES; WAVES; TFTR; PARTICLES; MODES; SHEAR AB Alfven instabilities can reduce the central magnetic shear via redistribution of energetic ions. They can sustain a steady state internal transport barrier as demonstrated in this DIII-D tokamak experiment. Improvement in burning plasma performance based on this mechanism is discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Wong, KL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 085002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.085002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400039 PM 15447196 ER PT J AU Zaliznyak, IA Woo, H Perring, TG Broholm, CL Frost, CD Takagi, H AF Zaliznyak, IA Woo, H Perring, TG Broholm, CL Frost, CD Takagi, H TI Spinons in the strongly correlated copper oxide chains in SrCuO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SR2CUO3; CHARGE; MODEL; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INSULATORS; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS; LA2CUO4; STATE; GAS AB We have investigated the spin dynamics in the strongly correlated chain copper oxide SrCuO2 for energies up to greater than or similar to0.6 eV using inelastic neutron scattering. We observe a gapless continuum of magnetic excitations, which is well described by the "Muller ansatz" for the two-spinon continuum in the S=1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain. The lower boundary of the continuum extends up to approximate to360 meV, which corresponds to an exchange constant J=226(12) meV. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. JST, CREST, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Zaliznyak, IA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Zaliznyak, Igor/E-8532-2014 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Zaliznyak, Igor/0000-0002-9886-3255 NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 8 AR 087202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.087202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 848MS UT WOS:000223472400063 PM 15447220 ER PT J AU Hess, WP Joly, AG Beck, KM Sushko, PV Shluger, AL AF Hess, WP Joly, AG Beck, KM Sushko, PV Shluger, AL TI Determination of surface exciton energies by velocity resolved atomic desorption SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface waves; alkali halides; laser methods; desorption induced by photon stimulation; atom emission ID ELECTRON-STIMULATED DESORPTION; ALKALI-HALIDE SURFACES; LASER-DESORPTION; IONIC SURFACES; BAND-GAP; EXCITATION; EMISSION; LIF; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We have developed a new method for determining surface exciton band energies in alkali halides based on velocity-resolved atomic desorption (VRAD). Using this new method, we predict the surface exciton energies for KI, KBr, KCl, and NaCl within +/-0.15 eV. Our data, the measured and calculated shifts of the surface exciton energies with respect to the bulk excitons, combined with the available EELS data for alkali fluorides, demonstrate a universal linear correlation with the inverse inter-atomic distance in these materials. The results suggest that surface excitons exist in all alkali halides and their excitation energies can be predicted from the known bulk exciton energies and the obtained correlation plot. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Shluger, AL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wayne.hess@pni.gov; a.shluger@ucl.ac.uk RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 20 PY 2004 VL 564 IS 1-3 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.05.092 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 847JI UT WOS:000223388100009 ER PT J AU Shahkhatuni, AG Shahkhatuni, AA Panosyan, HA Park, GHJ Martin, RW Pines, A AF Shahkhatuni, AG Shahkhatuni, AA Panosyan, HA Park, GHJ Martin, RW Pines, A TI NMR studies of C-13-iodomethane: Different behavior in thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID R-ALPHA-STRUCTURE; QUADRUPOLE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ORIENTED MOLECULES; DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; METHYL-IODIDE; SPECTRA; PHASES; ANGLES; BIOMOLECULES AB High-resolution NMR spectra of C-13-iodomethane dissolved in thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline solvents have been used to measure H-1-H-1 and C-13-H-1 dipolar couplings. The ratio of these two couplings, which is a function of the H-C-H bond angle in C-13-iodomethane, is, in general, different from that expected from the known molecular structure; solvent-solute interactions in liquid crystalline solutions are responsible for this difference. In thermotropic liquid crystalline solutions, the apparent bond angle deviation (Deltatheta(a)) increases with decreasing molecular ordering. In contrast, in lyotropic liquid crystals, no significant spectral aberration has been observed. These results indicate a fundamental physicochemical difference between the intermolecular interactions that prevail in thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pines, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pines@berkeley.edu RI Shahkhatuni, Aleksan/B-3986-2012 OI Shahkhatuni, Aleksan/0000-0002-2506-1091 NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 33 BP 6809 EP 6813 DI 10.1021/jp047330g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 846BM UT WOS:000223289700001 ER PT J AU Zhang, HF Stender, M Zhang, R Wang, CM Li, J Wang, LS AF Zhang, HF Stender, M Zhang, R Wang, CM Li, J Wang, LS TI Toward the solution synthesis of the tetrahedral Au-20 cluster SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAGIC CLUSTERS; COMPOUND; ASSEMBLIES; CATALYSIS; C-60; CAGE; FORM AB We report the observation in solution of the recently discovered tetrahedral Au-20 cluster coordinated with eight PPh3 (Ph = phenyl) ligands. The composition and molecular weight of the Au-20(PPh3)(8) complex were confirmed by the isotopic pattern and accurate mass measurement of its doubly charged cation using high-resolution mass spectrometry. A collision-induced dissociation experiment showed that four PPh3 ligands can be easily removed from Au-20(PPh3)(8), resulting in a highly stable Au-20(PPh3)(4)(2+) ion. This observation is consistent with the tetrahedral Au-20, in which the four apex sites are expected to bond to the PPh3 ligands strongly, and is confirmed by theoretical calculations that predict a highly stable Au-20(PH3)(4) Complex with Au-PH3 bond energies of similar to1 eV. The current experimental and theoretical observations suggest that large quantities of ligand-stabilized tetrahedral Au-20 can be obtained, opening the door for exploring its anticipated novel chemical, optical, and catalytic properties. C1 Pacific NE Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Pacific NE Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jun.li@pnl.gov; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 39 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 33 BP 12259 EP 12263 DI 10.1021/jp048636q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 846BK UT WOS:000223289500001 ER PT J AU Koltover, VK Logan, JW Heise, H Bubnov, VP Estrin, YI Kareev, IE Lodygina, VP Pines, A AF Koltover, VK Logan, JW Heise, H Bubnov, VP Estrin, YI Kareev, IE Lodygina, VP Pines, A TI Diamagnetic clusters of paramagnetic endometallofullerenes: A solid-state MAS NMR study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ENDOHEDRAL METALLOFULLERENES; RESONANCE SPECTRA; FULLERENE SHELL; LA-AT-C-82; EPR; SPECTROSCOPY; EXTRACTION; EVIDENCES; CHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES AB Solid powder samples of complexes of the endometallofullerenes (EMF) La@C-82 and Y@C-82 with hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) were studied by magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. We have obtained well-resolved P-31 NMR spectra and C-13 NMR spectra for both La-EMF/HMPA and Y-EMF/HMPA and La-139 spectra for the La-EMF/HMPA. The (31)p measurements on La-EMF/HMPA and Y-EMF/HMPA have revealed considerable chemical shifts of (31)p signals relative to pure HMPA. Two-dimensional exchange P-31 experiments revealed that HMPA molecules at different sites in the EMF/HMPA complex do not change positions at a time scale of up to 1 s. Both EMF samples demonstrate a vast chemical shift range for 31p of the bound HMPA molecules. In addition, the La-EMF/HMPA exhibits the enormous spreading of the chemical shifts for La-139. The experimental results suggest that paramagnetic La@C-82 and Y@C-92 in the solid state form clusters (nanoparticles) in which the exchange coupling of the EMF takes place with quenching of the most electron spins. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koltover, VK (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. EM koltover@icp.ac.ru RI Heise, Henrike/A-7703-2010 OI Heise, Henrike/0000-0002-9081-3894 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 33 BP 12450 EP 12455 DI 10.1021/jp048610z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 846BK UT WOS:000223289500027 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Sauer, MC AF Shkrob, IA Sauer, MC TI Hole scavenging and photo-stimulated recombination of electron - Hole pairs in aqueous TiO2 nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; CHARGE-CARRIER DYNAMICS; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLVED MICROWAVE CONDUCTIVITY; INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; COLLOIDAL TIO2; THIN-FILMS; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; BAND ELECTRONS; TRAPPED HOLES AB It is shown that 532 and 1064 nm laser photoexcitation of trapped electrons generated by 355 nm photolysis of aqueous titania (TiO2) nanoparticles causes rapid photobleaching of their absorbance band in the visible and near-IR. This photobleaching occurs within the duration of the laser pulse (3 ns fwhm); it is caused by photoinduced electron detrapping followed by rapid recombination of the resulting free electron and a trapped hole. The quantum yield for the electron photobleaching is ca. 0.28 for 532 nm and ca. 0.024 for 1064 nm photoexcitation. Complete separation of the spectral contributions from trapped electron and hole is demonstrated using glycerol as a selective hole scavenger. When glycerol is added to the solution, some light-absorbing holes are scavenged promptly within the duration of the 355 nm photoexcitation pulse, some are scavenged at a slower rate over the first 200 ns after the 355 nm pulse, and the rest are not scavenged, even at high concentration of the scavenger (>10 vol.%). A reaction with chemi- and physisorbed glycerol would account for the prompt and the slow hole decay, respectively. The implications of these results are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov NR 90 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 33 BP 12497 EP 12511 DI 10.1021/jp047736t PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 846BK UT WOS:000223289500033 ER PT J AU Shkrob, IA Sauer, MC Gosztola, D AF Shkrob, IA Sauer, MC Gosztola, D TI Efficient, rapid photooxidation of chemisorbed polyhydroxyl alcohols and carbohydrates by TiO2 nanoparticles in an aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; QUANTUM YIELDS; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; FUNDAMENTAL REACTIONS; AROMATIC SULFIDES; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; COLLOIDAL TIO2; TRAPPED HOLES AB Time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy has been used to study electron dynamics in aqueous anatase nanoparticles (pH = 4, 4.6 nm diameter) in the presence of hole scavengers: chemisorbed polyols and carbohydrates. These polyhydroxy compounds are rapidly oxidized by the holes on the nanoparticles; 50-60% of these holes are scavenged within the duration of 3.3 ns fwhm, 355 nm excitation laser pulse. The scavenging efficiency rapidly increases with the number of anchoring hydroxyl groups and varies considerably as a function of the carbohydrate structure. A specific binding site for the polyols and carbohydrates is suggested that involves an octahedral Ti atom chelated by the -CH2(OH)-CH2(OH)- ligand. This mode of binding accounts for the depletion of undercoordinated Ti atoms observed in the XANES spectra of coated nanoparticles. We suggest that these binding sites trap a substantial fraction of holes before the latter descend to surface traps and/or recombine with free electrons. The resulting oxygen hole center rapidly loses a C-H proton to the environment, yielding a metastable, titanium-bound, ketyl radical. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shkrob, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkrob@anl.gov RI Gosztola, David/D-9320-2011 OI Gosztola, David/0000-0003-2674-1379 NR 38 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 33 BP 12512 EP 12517 DI 10.1021/jp0477351 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 846BK UT WOS:000223289500034 ER PT J AU Prescher, JA Dube, DH Bertozzi, CR AF Prescher, JA Dube, DH Bertozzi, CR TI Chemical remodelling of cell surfaces in living animals SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SIALIC-ACID; STAUDINGER LIGATION; GLYCOSYLATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; EXPRESSION; CHEMISTRY; PROTEINS; MOLECULE AB Cell surfaces are endowed with biological functionality designed to mediate extracellular communication. The cell-surface repertoire can be expanded to include abiotic functionality through the biosynthetic introduction of unnatural sugars into cellular glycans, a process termed metabolic oligosaccharide engineering(1,2). This technique has been exploited in fundamental studies of glycan-dependent cell-cell and virus-cell interactions(3-5) and also provides an avenue for the chemical remodelling of living cells(6-8). Unique chemical functional groups can be delivered to cell-surface glycans by metabolism of the corresponding unnatural precursor sugars. These functional groups can then undergo covalent reaction with exogenous agents bearing complementary functionality. The exquisite chemical selectivity required of this process is supplied by the Staudinger ligation of azides and phosphines, a reaction that has been performed on cultured cells without detriment to their physiology(7,9). Here we demonstrate that the Staudinger ligation can be executed in living animals, enabling the chemical modification of cells within their native environment. The ability to tag cell-surface glycans in vivo may enable therapeutic targeting and noninvasive imaging of changes in glycosylation during disease progression. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu NR 30 TC 364 Z9 372 U1 11 U2 120 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7002 BP 873 EP 877 DI 10.1038/nature02791 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 847DA UT WOS:000223369800037 PM 15318217 ER PT J AU Lee, C Hong, B Choi, JM Kim, Y Watanabe, S Ishimi, Y Enomoto, T Tada, S Kim, YC Cho, YJ AF Lee, C Hong, B Choi, JM Kim, Y Watanabe, S Ishimi, Y Enomoto, T Tada, S Kim, YC Cho, YJ TI Structural basis for inhibition of the replication licensing factor Cdt1 by geminin SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EUKARYOTIC DNA-REPLICATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; PROTEIN; MITOSIS; CELLS; RECOGNITION; HELICASE; COMPLEX; BINDING; YEAST AB To maintain chromosome stability in eukaryotic cells, replication origins must be licensed by loading mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM2-7) complexes once and only once per cell cycle(1-9). This licensing control is achieved through the activities of geminin(10-12) and cyclin-dependent kinases(9,13,14). Geminin binds tightly to Cdt1, an essential component of the replication licensing system(6,15-18), and prevents the inappropriate reinitiation of replication on an already fired origin. The inhibitory effect of geminin is thought to prevent the interaction between Cdt1 and the MCM helicase(19,20). Here we describe the crystal structure of the mouse geminin-Cdt1 complex using tGeminin (residues 79-157, truncated geminin) and tCdt1 (residues 172-368, truncated Cdt1). The amino-terminal region of a coiled-coil dimer of tGeminin interacts with both N-terminal and carboxy-terminal parts of tCdt1. The primary interface relies on the steric complementarity between the tGeminin dimer and the hydrophobic face of the two short N-terminal helices of tCdt1 and, in particular, Pro 181, Ala 182, Tyr 183, Phe 186 and Leu 189. The crystal structure, in conjunction with our biochemical data, indicates that the N-terminal region of tGeminin might be required to anchor tCdt1, and the C-terminal region of tGeminin prevents access of the MCM complex to tCdt1 through steric hindrance. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Creat Res Ctr Struct Biol, Pohang, Kyungbook, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Pohang, Kyungbook, South Korea. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Mitsubishi Kagaku Inst Life Sci, Biomol & Technol Dept, Tokyo 1948511, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cho, YJ (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Creat Res Ctr Struct Biol, Hyoja Dong,San 31, Pohang, Kyungbook, South Korea. EM yunje@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Changwook/D-6010-2011 NR 29 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7002 BP 913 EP 917 DI 10.1038/nature02813 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 847DA UT WOS:000223369800047 PM 15286659 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Gilardi, RD AF Chavez, DE Hiskey, MA Gilardi, RD TI Novel high-nitrogen materials based on nitroguanyl-substituted tetrazines SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIELS-ALDER REACTIONS; AZAPHILIC ADDITION AB The synthesis and properties of several novel high-nitrogen materials based on nitroguanyl-substituted tetrazines are described. An optimized procedure provides straightforward access to these materials in multigram quantities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam DX2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Dynam DX2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 81 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 6 IS 17 BP 2889 EP 2891 DI 10.1021/ol049076g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 846EB UT WOS:000223296800014 PM 15330640 ER PT J AU Shrivastava, A Blumenfeld, Y Keeley, N Zerguerras, T Aumann, T Bazin, D Chromik, A Crawley, GM Glasmacher, T Kemper, KW Marechal, F Morrissey, DJ Nakamura, T Navin, A Pollacco, EC Santonocito, D Sherrill, BM Suomijarvi, T Thoennessen, M Tryggestad, E Varner, RL AF Shrivastava, A Blumenfeld, Y Keeley, N Zerguerras, T Aumann, T Bazin, D Chromik, A Crawley, GM Glasmacher, T Kemper, KW Marechal, F Morrissey, DJ Nakamura, T Navin, A Pollacco, EC Santonocito, D Sherrill, BM Suomijarvi, T Thoennessen, M Tryggestad, E Varner, RL TI Be-11 continuum studied through proton scattering SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE elastic and inelastic scattering; radioactive ion beam; coupled channels calculations ID ONE-NEUTRON HALO; CHANNELS CALCULATIONS; LIGHT-NUCLEI; EXCITATION; STATES; DISSOCIATION; PARTICLE; MODEL; LI-11 AB Elastic and inelastic proton scattering on Be were measured in inverse kinematics up to a Be-11 excitation energy of 7 MeV Continuum discretised coupled-channels (CDCC) calculations using a Be-10(0+) + n cluster model of Be-11 are able to explain the elastic scattering data. However, for the inelastic scattering angular distributions for Be-11 excitation energy bins of 0.5-3 and 3-5.5 MeV the CDCC calculations under-predict the data, indicating the presence of contributions due to the deformed and active Be-10 core to the Be-11 breakup process. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, Inst Nucl Phys, F-91406 Orsay, France. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Nucl Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP CNRS, Inst Nucl Phys, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. EM aradhana@apsara.barc.ernet.in RI Glasmacher, Thomas/C-4462-2008; Sherrill, Bradley/B-4098-2009; Sherrill, Bradley/B-3378-2011; Aumann, Thomas/B-1455-2012; Glasmacher, Thomas/H-9673-2014; Nakamura, Takashi/N-5390-2015 OI Glasmacher, Thomas/0000-0001-9436-2448; Nakamura, Takashi/0000-0002-1838-9363 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 19 PY 2004 VL 596 IS 1-2 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.06.070 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 843YE UT WOS:000223122600007 ER PT J AU Dartevelle, S Rose, WI Stix, J Kelfoun, K Vallance, JW AF Dartevelle, S Rose, WI Stix, J Kelfoun, K Vallance, JW TI Numerical modeling of geophysical granular flows: 2. Computer simulations of plinian clouds and pyroclastic flows and surges SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE plinian cloud; granular gravity currents; pyroclastic flows; granular rheologies; depositional process; turbulence; mathematical geophysics : modeling; mathematical geophysics : nonlinear dynamics; volcanology : eruption mechanisms ID COLLAPSING VOLCANIC COLUMNS; NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ST-HELENS ERUPTION; IGNIMBRITE; DYNAMICS; EMPLACEMENT; GENERATION AB [1] Geophysical granular flows display complex nonlinear, nonuniform, and unsteady rheologies, depending on the volumetric grain concentration within the flow: kinetic, kinetic-collisional, and frictional. To account for the whole spectrum of granular rheologies ( and hence concentrations), we have used and further developed for geophysical-atmospheric applications a multiphase computer model initially developed by U. S. Department of Energy laboratories: ( Geophysical) Multiphase Flow with Interphase Exchange. As demonstrated in this manuscript, ( G) MFIX can successfully simulate a large span of pyroclastic phenomena and related processes: plinian clouds, pyroclastic flows and surges, flow transformations, and depositional processes. Plinian cloud simulations agree well with the classical plume theory and historical eruptions in the upper altitude of the cloud ( HT) versus mass flux diagram. At high mass flux (> 10(7) kg/s), plinian clouds pulsate periodically with time because of the vertical propagations of acoustic-gravity waves within the clouds. The lowest undercooled temperature anomalies measured within the upper part of the column can be as low as - 18 K, which agrees well with El Chichon and Mt. St. Helens eruptions. Vertical and horizontal speed profiles within the plinian cloud compare well with those inferred from simple plume models and from umbrella experiments. Pyroclastic flow and surge simulations show that both end-members are closely tight together; e. g., an initially diluted flow may generate a denser basal underflow, which will eventually outrun the expanded head of the flow. We further illustrate evidence of vertical and lateral flow transformation processes between diluted and concentrated flows, particularly laterally from a turbulent "maintained over time fluidized zone'' near source. Our comprehensive granular rheological model and our simulations demonstrate that the main depositional process is mainly a progressive vertical aggradation. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Min & Geol Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. Univ Clermont Ferrand, OPGC, Lab Magmas & Volcans, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. Cascade Volcano Observ, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. RP Dartevelle, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys EES-11,MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sdart@lanl.gov RI Rose, William/A-7923-2009 NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q08004 DI 10.1029/2003GC000637 PG 36 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 849MT UT WOS:000223543500002 ER PT J AU Dartevelle, S AF Dartevelle, S TI Numerical modeling of geophysical granular flows: 1. A comprehensive approach to granular rheologies and geophysical multiphase flows SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE granular flow; multiphase flow; granular rheologies; granular temperature; plastic potential; yield locus; mathematical geophysics : modeling; mathematical geophysics : nonlinear dynamics; volcanology : eruption mechanisms ID COLLAPSING VOLCANIC COLUMNS; LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; GAS-FLUIDIZED BED; ERUPTION COLUMNS; PYROCLASTIC FLOWS; TURBULENT FLOWS; SHEAR-FLOW; ANTIGRANULOCYTES FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; KINETIC-THEORY AB [1] Geophysical granular materials display a wide variety of behaviors and features. Typically, granular flows ( 1) are multiphase flows, ( 2) are very dissipative over many different scales, ( 3) display a wide range of grain concentrations, and ( 4), as a final result of these previous features, display complex nonlinear, nonuniform, and unsteady rheologies. Therefore the objectives of this manuscript are twofold: ( 1) setting up a hydrodynamic model which acknowledges the multiphase nature of granular flows and ( 2) defining a comprehensive rheological model which accounts for all the different forms of viscous dissipations within granular flows at any concentration. Hence three important regimes within granular flows must be acknowledged: kinetic ( pure free flights of grain), kinetic-collisional, and frictional. The momentum and energy transfer will be different according to the granular regimes, i.e., strain rate dependent in the kinetic and kinetic-collisional cases and strain rate independent in the frictional case. A "universal'' granular rheological model requires a comprehensive unified stress tensor able to adequately describe viscous stress within the flow for any of these regimes, and without imposing a priori what regime will dominate over the others. The kinetic-collisional viscous regime is defined from a modified Boltzmann's kinetic theory of dense gas. The frictional viscous regime is defined from the plastic potential and the critical state theories which account for compressibility of granular matter (e.g., dilatancy, consolidation, and critical state). In the companion paper [ Dartevelle et al., 2004] we will introduce a multiphase computer code, (G) MFIX, which accounts for all the granular regimes and rheology and present typical simulations of diluted (e.g., plinian clouds) and concentrated geophysical granular flows (i.e., pyroclastic flows and surges). C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Min & Geol Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. RP Dartevelle, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys EES-11,MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sdart@lanl.gov NR 121 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 5 AR Q08003 DI 10.1029/2003GC000636 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 849MT UT WOS:000223543500001 ER PT J AU Adamkovics, M de Pater, I Roe, HG Gibbard, SG Griffith, CA AF Adamkovics, M de Pater, I Roe, HG Gibbard, SG Griffith, CA TI Spatially-resolved spectroscopy at 1.6 Mm of Titan's atmosphere and surface SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS; CLOUDS; TELESCOPE; IMAGES; AEROSOLS; HAZE AB We present spatially-resolved, low-resolution (lambda/Deltalambda similar to 1,500) spectroscopy of the leading hemisphere of Titan in the H-band (1.5 - 1.7 mum) using adaptive optics. Spatial variations of surface albedo are observed in images at 1.55-1.57 mm, which are clearly distinct from stratospheric haze. There is a significant increase in albedo around the southern (summer) pole at 1.62 mum. Using a plane-parallel radiative transfer model to fit the observed spectra, we find a 61% increase in tropopause haze opacity (tau = 0.100 from 30 40 km) around the southern pole relative to the rest of the disk (where tau = 0.062 from 30 - 40 km). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Adamkovics, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mate@haze.cchem.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 17 AR L17S05 DI 10.1029/2004GL019929 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 849NG UT WOS:000223544900001 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Foo, ML Lynn, JW Zandbergen, HW Lawes, G Wang, YY Toby, BH Ramirez, AP Ong, NP Cava, RJ AF Huang, Q Foo, ML Lynn, JW Zandbergen, HW Lawes, G Wang, YY Toby, BH Ramirez, AP Ong, NP Cava, RJ TI Low temperature phase transitions and crystal structure of Na0.5CoO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SODIUM; NAXCOO2; BRONZES AB Specific heat measurements on Na0.5CoO2 show that the transitions observed at 87 and 53 K in the resistivity and magnetic susceptibility are accompanied by changes in entropy, whereas the one near 20 K is not. Electron diffraction studies suggest that the 87 K transition has a structural component. The crystal structure of Na0.5CoO2, determined by powder neutron diffraction, consists of layers of edge-shared CoO6 octahedra in a triangular lattice, with Na ions occupying ordered positions in the interleaving planes. The Na ions form one-dimensional zigzag chains. Two types of Co ions are also found in chains. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, Natl Ctr HREM, NL-2628 AL Delft, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Thermal Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lucent Technol Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07574 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Foo, Maw Lin/H-9273-2012; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 14 TC 136 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 34 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 32 BP 5803 EP 5814 AR PII S0953-8984(04)76025-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/32/016 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 852JC UT WOS:000223750600022 ER PT J AU Mun, BS Zhuang, GV Ross, PN Hussain, Z Guillemin, R Lindle, D AF Mun, BS Zhuang, GV Ross, PN Hussain, Z Guillemin, R Lindle, D TI Resonant photoemission from the 4d -> epsilon f shape resonance in Sb(0001) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; PHOTOIONIZATION; CONTINUUM; CLUSTERS; DISCRETE; METAL; DECAY AB The observation of resonant photoemission at shape resonance energy in Sb(0001) is reported. When the photon energy was tuned to the 4d --> epsilonf transition region of the Sb shape resonance (similar to90 eV), a Fano-like profile was observed in the photoelectron cross-section from the half-filled 5p valence orbitals. Two new, significant features appeared at photon energies above the 4d threshold: one in the gap between the filled 5s(2) and half-filled 5p bands, and the other at the Fermi level. The former is attributed to final state mixing in the autoionization decay of the epsilonf transition state, and the latter to a two-photon photoionization process directly from the epsilonf transition state. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Mun, BS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM BSMun@lbl.gov RI Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 32 BP L381 EP L387 AR PII S0953-8984(04)82431-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/32/L02 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 852JC UT WOS:000223750600003 ER PT J AU Glatzel, P Bergmann, U Yano, J Visser, H Robblee, JH Gu, WW de Groot, FMF Christou, G Pecoraro, VL Cramer, SP Yachandra, VK AF Glatzel, P Bergmann, U Yano, J Visser, H Robblee, JH Gu, WW de Groot, FMF Christou, G Pecoraro, VL Cramer, SP Yachandra, VK TI The electronic structure of Mn in oxides, coordination complexes, and the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II studied by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; OXIDATION-STATES; K-EDGE; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMAGNETIC-RES; MANGANESE OXIDES AB Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) was used to collect Mn K pre-edge spectra and to study the electronic structure in oxides, molecular coordination complexes, as well as the S-1 and S-2 states of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PS II). The RIXS data yield two-dimensional plots that can be interpreted along the incident (absorption) energy or the energy transfer axis. The second energy dimension separates the pre-edge (predominantly 1s to 3d transitions) from the main K-edge, and a detailed analysis is thus possible. The 1s2p RIXS final-state electron configuration along the energy transfer axis is identical to conventional L-edge absorption spectroscopy, and the RIXS spectra are therefore sensitive to the Mn spin state. This new technique thus yields information on the electronic structure that is not accessible in conventional K-edge absorption spectroscopy. The line splittings can be understood within a ligand field multiplet model, i.e., (3d,3d) and (2p,3d) two-electron interactions are crucial to describe the spectral shapes in all systems. We propose to explain the shift of the K pre-edge absorption energy upon Mn oxidation in terms of the effective number of 3d electrons (fractional 3d orbital population). The spectral changes in the Mn 1s2p(3/2) RIXS spectra between the PS II S, and S2 states are small compared to that of the oxides and two of the coordination complexes (Mn-III(acac)(3) and Mn-IV(sal)(2)(bipy)). We conclude that the electron in the step from S-1 to S-2 is transferred from a strongly delocalized orbital. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Utrecht, Debye Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Melvin Calvin Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glatzel, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Pieter.Glatzel@gmx.org; VKYachandra@lbl.gov RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; pecoraro, vincent/B-7094-2008; Christou, George /A-3072-2014 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; pecoraro, vincent/0000-0002-1540-5735; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630, RR-08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM065440, GM-65440, GM55302, R01 GM055302, R56 GM055302] NR 76 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 32 BP 9946 EP 9959 DI 10.1021/ja038579z PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 845XS UT WOS:000223279300036 PM 15303869 ER PT J AU Blizanac, BB Arenz, M Ross, PN Markovic, NM AF Blizanac, BB Arenz, M Ross, PN Markovic, NM TI Surface electrochemistry of CO on reconstructed gold single crystal surfaces studied by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and rotating disk electrode SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LOW-INDEX PLATINUM; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AU(110)-(1 X-2); ADSORPTION; ELECTROOXIDATION; OXIDATION; ELECTROCATALYSIS; CELL; METHANOL AB The electrooxidation of CO has been studied on reconstructed gold single-crystal surfaces by a combination of electrochemical (EC) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) measurements. Emphasis is placed on relating the vibrational properties of the CO adlayer to the voltammetric and other macroscopic electrochemical responses, including rotating disk electrode measurements of the catalytic activity. The IRAS data show that the C-O stretching frequencies are strongly dependent on the surface orientation and can be observed in the range 1940-1990 cm(-1) for the 3-fold bridging, 2005-2070 cm(-1) for the 2-fold bridging, and 2115-2140 for the terminal position. The most complex CO spectra are found for the Au(110)-(1 x 2) surface, i.e., a band near 1965 cm(-1), with the second, weaker band shifted positively by about 45 cm(-1) and, finally, a weak band near 2115 cm(-1). While the C-O stretching frequencies for a CO adlayer adsorbed on Au(111)-(1 x 23) show upsilon(CO) bands at 2029-2069 cm(-1) and at 1944-1986 cm(-1), on the Au(100)-"hex" surface a single CO band is observed at 2004-2029 cm(-1). In the "argon-purged" solution, the terminal upsilon(CO) band on Au(110)-(1 x 2) and the 3-fold bridging band on the Au(111)-(1 x 23) disappear entirely. The IRAS/EC data show that the kinetics of CO oxidation are structure sensitive; i.e., the onset of CO oxidation increases in the order Au(110)-(1 x 2) greater than or equal to Au(100)-"hex" > Au(111)-(1 x 23). Possible explanations for the structure sensitivity are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nmmarkovic@lbl.gov RI Arenz, Matthias/C-7385-2009; Arenz, Matthias/C-3195-2016 OI Arenz, Matthias/0000-0001-9765-4315; Arenz, Matthias/0000-0001-9765-4315 NR 53 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 32 BP 10130 EP 10141 DI 10.1021/ja049038s PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 845XS UT WOS:000223279300056 PM 15303889 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZF Ward, AL Gee, GW AF Zhang, ZF Ward, AL Gee, GW TI A combined parameter scaling and inverse technique to upscale the unsaturated hydraulic parameters for heterogeneous soils SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unsaturated zone; hydraulic property; vadose zone; heterogeneity; upscaling; inverse modeling ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; TRANSPORT PARAMETERS; STRATIFIED SOILS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; WATER-RETENTION; GEOLOGIC MEDIA; POROUS-MEDIA; LINE SOURCE; CONDUCTIVITIES AB [1] Determining a large number of soil hydraulic parameters for heterogeneous soils remains a challenge because inverting for too many parameters can lead to parameter values that are nonunique. Furthermore, such inversions may need very long simulation times, for example, months or more when inverting field-scale problems. In this research, a combined parameter scaling and inverse technique (CPSIT) is proposed to upscale hydraulic parameters from the local scale to the field scale. The CPSIT approach includes two steps: ( 1) parameter scaling and ( 2) inverse modeling. In step 1 the number of parameters to be estimated at field scale (FS) is reduced by applying parameter scaling whereby a heterogeneous soil is treated as a composition of multiple equivalent homogeneous media (EHMs). In step 2 the FS parameters for the reference EHM are determined using the inverse technique and observations from well-designed field experiments. The advantages of the CPSIT approach are that the number of parameters to be inverted is reduced by a factor of the number ( M) of EHMs, and the simulation time is reduced by a factor of about M-2. The CPSIT approach was tested by upscaling the hydraulic parameters using a field injection experiment at the Hanford Site. Results show that when the CPSIT upscaled parameters were used to simulated flow, the mean squared residual was reduced by 83.2% relative to that when the local-scale parameters were used. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp MSIN K9 22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, ZF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp MSIN K9 22, Batelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fred.zhang@pnl.gov NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 18 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 8 AR W08306 DI 10.1029/2003WR002925 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 849PC UT WOS:000223549900001 ER PT J AU Douglass, AR Stolarski, RS Strahan, SE Connell, PS AF Douglass, AR Stolarski, RS Strahan, SE Connell, PS TI Radicals and reservoirs in the GMI chemistry and transport model: Comparison to measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; assessment ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; INITIATIVE ASSESSMENT MODEL; POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUD; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; UARS PLATFORM AB [1] We have used a three-dimensional chemistry and transport model (CTM), developed under the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI), to carry out two simulations of the composition of the stratosphere under changing halogen loading for 1995 through 2030. The two simulations differ only in that one uses meteorological fields from a general circulation model while the other uses meteorological fields from a data assimilation system. A single year's winds and temperatures are repeated for each 36-year simulation. We compare results from these two simulations with an extensive collection of data from satellite and ground-based measurements for 1993 - 2000. Comparisons of simulated fields with observations of radical and reservoir species for some of the major ozone-destroying compounds are of similar quality for both simulations. Differences in the upper stratosphere, caused by transport of total reactive nitrogen and methane, impact the balance among the ozone loss processes and the sensitivity of the two simulations to the change in composition. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 21250 USA. RP Douglass, AR (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anne.r.douglass@nasa.gov RI Douglass, Anne/D-4655-2012; Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013 OI Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012 NR 62 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 17 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D16 AR D16302 DI 10.1029/2004JD004632 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 849NL UT WOS:000223545400002 ER PT J AU Pris, AD Porter, MD AF Pris, AD Porter, MD TI Nanoparticle coding: Size-based assays using atomic force microscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL LATEX CRYSTALS; DNA DSDNA MICROARRAYS; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; PROTEIN-PATTERNS; FINE PARTICLES; ARRAYS; IMMUNOASSAYS; FABRICATION; NANOSTRUCTURES AB Described herein is a novel strategy for the construction and interrogation of an assay platform based on (1) the size encoding of labeled nanoparticles; (2) the high imaging resolution of atomic force microscopy; and (3) evaporatively driven self-assembly of dense nanoparticle layers. This strategy employs two different sized nanoparticles that couple in the presence of a target analyte. In this example, one set of particles is a few hundred nanometers in size and acts as a capture substrate, while a second set of smaller particles serve as the analyte label. Thus, by forming an evaporatively assembled layer from a mixture of the two particle dispersions, the imaged size of the smaller particles when bound to the larger capture particles identifies the presence of the analyte. This letter demonstrates the feasibility of our bar-code strategy by concept tests using the binding specificity of biotin-modified silica nanoparticles (300-nm diameter) with streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles (10-nm diameter). The potential to extensively multiplex this assay strategy is briefly discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 17 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 17 BP 6969 EP 6973 DI 10.1021/la049918k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 845WQ UT WOS:000223276400002 PM 15301472 ER PT J AU Bae, T Banger, AK Wallace, A Glass, EM Aslund, F Schneewind, O Missiakas, DM AF Bae, T Banger, AK Wallace, A Glass, EM Aslund, F Schneewind, O Missiakas, DM TI Staphylocloccus aureus virulence genes identified by bursa aurealis mutagenesis and nematode killing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; MURINE MODEL; IN-VITRO; HOST; EXPRESSION; REGULATOR; PATHOGEN AB Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of wound and hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The emergence of S. aureus strains with resistance to multiple antibiotics requires the identification of bacterial virulence genes and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein, bursa aurealis, a mariner-based transposon, was used for random mutagenesis and for the isolation of 10,325 S. aureus variants with defined insertion sites. By screening for loss-of-function mutants in a Caenorhabditis elegans killing assay, 71 S. aureus virulence genes were identified. Some of these genes are also required for S. aureus abscess formation in a murine infection model. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Karolinska Inst, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Missiakas, DM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 920 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM strains@bsd.uchicago.edu NR 56 TC 176 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 17 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 33 BP 12312 EP 12317 DI 10.1073/pnas.0404728101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 847QN UT WOS:000223410100073 PM 15304642 ER PT J AU Savolainen, P Leitner, T Wilton, AN Matisoo-Smith, E Lundeberg, J AF Savolainen, P Leitner, T Wilton, AN Matisoo-Smith, E Lundeberg, J TI A detailed picture of the origin of the Australian dingo, obtained from the study of mitochondrial DNA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC DOG; ANCIENT DNA; SEQUENCE AB To determine the origin and time of arrival to Australia of the dingo, 582 bp of the mtDNA control region were analyzed in 211 Australian dingoes sampled in all states of Australia, 676 dogs from all continents, and 38 Eurasian wolves, and 263 bp were analyzed in 19 pre-European archaeological dog samples from Polynesia. We found that all mtDNA sequences among dingoes were either identical to or differing by a single substitution from a single mtDNA type, A29. This mtDNA type, which was present in >50% of the dingoes, was found also among domestic dogs, but only in dogs from East Asia and Arctic America, whereas 18 of the 19 other types were unique to dingoes. The mean genetic distance to A29 among the dingo mtDNA sequences indicates an origin approximate to5,000 years ago. From these results a detailed scenario of the origin and history of the dingo can be derived: dingoes have an origin from domesticated dogs coming from East Asia, possibly in connection with the Austronesian expansion into Island Southeast Asia. They were introduced from a small population of dogs, possibly at a single occasion, and have since lived isolated from other dog populations. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Biotechnol & Biomol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Auckland, Dept Anthropol, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Savolainen, P (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM savo@biotech.kth.se RI Wilton, Alan/C-2430-2011 NR 16 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 44 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 17 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 33 BP 12387 EP 12390 DI 10.1073/pnas.0401814101 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 847QN UT WOS:000223410100086 PM 15299143 ER PT J AU Carr, DG Ripley, MI Holden, TM Brown, DW Vogel, SC AF Carr, DG Ripley, MI Holden, TM Brown, DW Vogel, SC TI Residual stress measurements in a zircaloy-4 weld by neutron diffraction SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE stress; weld; neutron diffraction; zircaloy-4 ID TEXTURE ANALYSIS; ROD TEXTURE; DEFORMATION; BERYLLIUM AB The macroscopic stress distribution across a Zircaloy-4 gas tungsten arc weld was measured by time-of-flight neutron diffraction at the SMARTS diffractometer at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The method enabled the measurement of strain for all the available reflections permitted by the rolling texture of the plate and the modified texture in the weld-metal and heat affected zone. A maximum longitudinal stress of 220 +/- 40 MPa was observed in the weld compared with the 0.2% yield stress of 390 MPa of the plate. A maximum transverse stress of 60 +/- 40 MPa was observed in the weld. Textures were measured at the HIPPO diffractometer. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Dept Mat & Engn Sci, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. No Stress Technol, Deep River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carr, DG (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Dept Mat & Engn Sci, PMB1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM dge@ansto.gov.au RI Carr, David/G-2530-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Carr, David/0000-0003-1134-5496; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 14 BP 4083 EP 4091 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.021 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847JZ UT WOS:000223389800002 ER PT J AU Kutsenko, L Fuks, D Kiv, A Burlaka, L Talianker, M Monteiro, O Brown, I AF Kutsenko, L Fuks, D Kiv, A Burlaka, L Talianker, M Monteiro, O Brown, I TI Structural changes in Mg alloy induced by plasma immersion ion implantation of Ag SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE implantation; Ab initio electron theory; transmission electron microscopy; magnesium alloy ID TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; ELEMENTAL METALS; ENERGIES AB Formation of intermetallic compounds within the Mg matrix as a result of implantation of Ag by plasma immersion ion implantation technology was investigated. Transmission electron-microscopy studies of the implanted samples revealed the appearance of nanoparticles of binary phase Mg-Ag. A model based on the classical mechanisms of propagation of accelerated ions through the metal matrix was suggested for the explanation of the experimental observations. Ab initio calculations of the electronic sub-systems proved to be helpful in providing theoretical prediction of the structural changes, which may be induced in the implanted system. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kiv, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, Ben Gurion Blvd,POB 653, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM kiv@bgumail.bgu.ac.il NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 14 BP 4329 EP 4335 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.049 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 847JZ UT WOS:000223389800024 ER PT J AU Moussa, R Foteinopoulou, S Soukoulis, CM AF Moussa, R Foteinopoulou, S Soukoulis, CM TI Delay-time investigation of electromagnetic waves through homogeneous medium and photonic crystal left-handed materials SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE REFRACTION; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; PROPAGATION AB Results of the delay time for the electromagnetic wave to reach its final direction through both photonic crystal and homogeneous medium are presented. The delay- or transient-time results, based on different cases and different incoming wave angles, show that the diffracted beam is trapped at the interface. This delay time is longer for the negative refractive index photonic crystal and is almost twice the duration of the delay time for the positive one. For the homogeneous medium, we also find that at the interface between a right- and left-handed medium the delay time is even longer than in the photonic crystal case. A comparison between left-handed behavior in photonic crystals and homogeneous media is reported. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM soukouli@iastate.edu RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1125 EP 1127 DI 10.1063/1.1781742 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 845HU UT WOS:000223233800011 ER PT J AU Tian, Y Li, G Shinar, J Wang, NL Cook, BA Anderegg, JW Constant, AP Russell, AM Snyder, JE AF Tian, Y Li, G Shinar, J Wang, NL Cook, BA Anderegg, JW Constant, AP Russell, AM Snyder, JE TI Electrical transport in amorphous semiconducting AlMgB14 films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBIDE THIN-FILMS; HETEROJUNCTION DIODES; BORON; FABRICATION; SUPERHARD; DEVICES; CARBON AB The electrical transport properties of semiconducting AlMgB14 films deposited at room temperature and 573 K are reported in this letter. The as-deposited films are amorphous, and they exhibit high n-type electrical conductivity, which is believed to stem from the conduction electrons donated by Al, Mg, and/or Fe impurities in these films. The film deposited at 573 K is less conductive than the room-temperature-deposited film. This is attributed to the nature of donor or trap states in the band gap related to the different deposition temperatures. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tian, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ytian@iastate.edu RI Li, Gang/A-5667-2012 OI Li, Gang/0000-0001-8399-7771 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1181 EP 1183 DI 10.1063/1.1781738 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 845HU UT WOS:000223233800030 ER PT J AU Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, YC Hill, DH Bartynski, RA Arena, DA Ryu, MY Raley, JA Yeo, YK AF Wu, P Saraf, G Lu, YC Hill, DH Bartynski, RA Arena, DA Ryu, MY Raley, JA Yeo, YK TI Ion-beam-induced sharpening of ZnO nanotips SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAN; FERROMAGNETISM; BOMBARDMENT; CRYSTALS AB Fe ions of dose 5x10(16) cm(-2) were implanted at 200 keV into ZnO nanotips at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the implanted ZnO tips are much sharper than the as-grown ones. The sharpening effect of the ZnO nanotips is attributed to the interplay between ion sputtering and ion-induced surface diffusion. X-ray diffraction indicates that ZnO crystallinity was preserved during implantation. Photoluminescence measurements show development of a broad blue band and severe UV quenching upon ion bombardment, and partial recovery after annealing. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is consistent with Fe ions that are substitutional for Zn in the ZnO wurtzite lattice. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM ylu@ece.rutgers.edu NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1247 EP 1249 DI 10.1063/1.1784043 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 845HU UT WOS:000223233800052 ER PT J AU Ison, EA Cameron, TM Abboud, KA Boncella, JM AF Ison, EA Cameron, TM Abboud, KA Boncella, JM TI Synthesis, structure, and dynamics of molybdenum imido alkyne complexes SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MO(=NR)(3) FUNCTIONAL-GROUP; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TRANSITION-METAL; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TRIS(PHENYLIMIDO) COMPLEXES; BONDING CAPABILITIES; REACTIVITY; LIGANDS; TUNGSTEN AB The monomeric alkyne complexes (eta(2)-alkyne)Mo(NPh)(o-(Me3SiN)(2)C6H4) (3) have been synthesized by the displacement of isobutylene from (eta(2)-isobutylene)Mo(NPh)(o-(Me3SiN)(2)C6H4) (2). The alkyne fragment in these complexes is oriented perpendicular to the Mo=N bond of the cis imido ligand, as confirmed by an X-ray structural analysis of 3e. The deshielded nature of the chemical shifts of the (x-carbons and terminal protons of the alkyne, fragments in these complexes strongly suggests the participation of the alkyne pi(perpendicular to) electrons in the Mo - alkyne interaction. The alkyne fragment in 3 rotates freely about the Mo - alkyne bond, resulting in the fluxional behavior of these complexes at room temperature. An activation barrier of 13.2 kcal/mol for the alkyne rotation was measured using VT NMR spectroscopy. Computational studies using a two-layer ONIOM model, and the B3LYP hybrid functional, provided insight into the Mo-alkyne bonding. The transition state for alkyne rotation has been calculated and is characterized by a parallel orientation of the alkyne fragment to the cis imido ligand. A natural bond orbital (NBO) population analysis reveals that alkyne pi(perpendicular to) donation to Mo is more extensive in the transition state than in the ground state. Weaker Mo-N(imido) bonds are also observed in the transition state, because pi donation from the alkyne ligand competes with imido pi donation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Catalysis, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Boncella, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663,Mail Stop J-528, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM boncella@lanl.gov OI Boncella, James/0000-0001-8393-392X NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 17 BP 4070 EP 4076 DI 10.1021/om049942t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 844IT UT WOS:000223152300012 ER PT J AU Lushnikov, PM AF Lushnikov, PM TI Exactly integrable dynamics of interface between ideal fluid and light viscous fluid SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE interface dynamics; integrable equation; stokes flow; potential flow; complex Burgers equation ID COMPLEX SINGULARITIES; BURGERS-EQUATION; FREE-SURFACE; FLOWS; CONDENSATION AB It is shown that dynamics of the interface between ideal fluid and light viscous fluid is exactly integrable in the approximation of small surface slopes for two-dimensional flow. Stokes flow of viscous fluid provides a relation between normal velocity and pressure at interface. Surface elevation and velocity potential of ideal fluid are determined from two complex Burgers equations corresponding to analytical continuation of velocity potential at the interface into upper and lower complex half planes, respectively. The interface loses its smoothness if complex singularities (poles) reach the interface. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 119334, Russia. RP Lushnikov, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lushnikov@cnls.lanl.gov RI Lushnikov, Pavel/I-2304-2013 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 329 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2004.06.073 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845YL UT WOS:000223281300007 ER PT J AU Son, S Fisch, NJ AF Son, S Fisch, NJ TI Aneutronic fusion in a degenerate plasma SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE aneutronic; fusion; degeneracy; stopping; Bremsstrahlung; proton; boron; helium; deuterium ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; ELECTRONIC-ENERGY LOSS; STOPPING POWER; BURNING WAVES; CROSS-SECTIONS; DENSE-PLASMAS; HELIUM-IONS; GAS; PARTICLES; IGNITION AB In a Fermi-degenerate plasma, the electronic stopping of a slow ion is smaller than that given by the classical formula, because some transitions between the electron states are forbidden. The bremsstrahlung losses are then smaller, so that the nuclear burning of an aneutronic fuel is more efficient. Consequently, there occurs a parameter regime in which self-burning is possible. Practical obstacles in this regime that must be overcome before net energy can be realized include the compression of the fuel to an ultra dense state and the creation of a hot spot. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Son, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sson@pppl.gov; fisch@pppl.gov NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 329 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.phys;eta.2004.06.054 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845YL UT WOS:000223281300011 ER PT J AU Saxena, SK Liermann, HP Shen, GY AF Saxena, SK Liermann, HP Shen, GY TI Formation of iron hydride and high-magnetite at high pressure and temperature SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Superplume International Workshop CY JAN 28-31, 2002 CL Tokyo Inst Tech, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Inst Tech DE iron hydride; high-magnetite; earth ID EARTHS CORE; HYDROGEN; WATER; H2O AB Iron hydride (FeH,) is considered as suitable storage for hydrogen in the earth's interior and possibly in the core [J. Geophys. Res. 91 (13 9) (1986) 9222]. Most experimental data on its stability pertain to low pressures (<10 GPa) and temperatures. We studied the reaction of iron with brucite (water) at pressures 75 GPa and temperatures of similar to2000 K using the double-side laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. A high-pressure phase of magnetite (Fe3O4) (orthorhombic) and iron hydride (double hcp) were found to exist stably under these conditions. The results indicate that at pressures corresponding to the earth's lower mantle, the hydride phase is stable, and that orthorhombic high-magnetite (h-Fe3O4) may also be stabilized in lieu of or in addition to magnesiowuestite. The stability of these phases open up the possibility that water (as a component of a fluid phase or hydrous solids) may be present not only in the mantle but also in the core (as dissolved hydride and oxide), which helps melting and dynamic movements. The core may have been the reservoir of oceans of fluid. A percent of water (by weight) in the core is equivalent to about 10 times the water in all the oceans. The dissolved water components in the core would depress the melting temperature of iron (or iron-nickel alloy) significantly, reduce the density and effectively promote convection. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Saxena, SK (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, CeSMEC, VH-150, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM saxenas@fiu.edu RI Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD AUG 16 PY 2004 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2003.07.030 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 842CG UT WOS:000222979700023 ER PT J AU Henry, MC Yonker, CR AF Henry, MC Yonker, CR TI FT-IR studies of acetylacetonates in supercritical CO2 using a capillary cell at pressures up to 3.1 kbar SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KETO-ENOL-TAUTOMERISM; PROTON CHEMICAL SHIFTS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS; FLUID EXTRACTION; BETA-DIKETONES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SOLVENT AB The keto-enol equilibria of the beta-diketones acetylacetone, trifluoroacetylacetone, and hexafluoroacetylacetone were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in a novel high-pressure capillary cell. Acetylacetone and its fluorinated analogues were studied as neat liquid and as supercritical CO2 solutions at pressures up to 3.1 kbar. The keto form was found to be favored at high pressure and low temperature. The change in partial molar volume and enthalpy between the keto and enol forms was determined for the acetylacetone and tritluoroacetylacetone. Under all conditions studied, only the enol form of hexafluoroacetylacetone was observed. Based on the thermodynamic data obtained, there appears to be no advantage gained in conducting metal extractions at high pressures and low temperatures using acetylacetone or trifluoroacetylacetone. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yonker, CR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 999,MS P8-19, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 16 BP 4684 EP 4689 DI 10.1021/ac049451i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 846BS UT WOS:000223290300010 PM 15307777 ER PT J AU Herr, AE Singh, AK AF Herr, AE Singh, AK TI Photopolymerized cross-linked polyacrylamide gels for on-chip protein sizing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; FREE ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMER MONOLITHS; SAMPLE INJECTION; SEPARATIONS; PERFORMANCE; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE AB A new method for on-chip sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of proteins is reported. Miniaturization of SDS-PAGE has attracted significant attention because it offers rapid analysis times, excellent resolution, high throughput, and the potential for integration and automation, as compared to conventional counterparts. The presented on-chip SDS-PAGE technique employed photolithographically patterned, crosslinked gels fabricated in situ in <20 min. The effects of sieving gel composition on the migration properties of fluorescently labeled protein standards (ranging in molecular weight from 14.2 to 66 kDa) were quantified, as was the ability of the gels to function as a sieving matrix for biologically relevant species. Ferguson analysis was employed to calculate retardation coefficients and free solution mobilities. In conjunction with fluorescence imaging, the on-chip SDS-PAGE separation mechanism was evaluated in terms of separation performance indexes, as well as limiting behaviors (i.e., free solution mobility, exclusion characteristics). The photolithographically fabricated gels employed for on-chip SDS-PAGE allowed rapid (<30 s) separations of proteins in short separation lengths (4 mm) with efficiencies as high as 4.41 x 10(5) plates/m. The on-chip SDS-PAGE separations were similar to100 times faster than conventional slab gel SDS-PAGE (60 min) and occurred in a fraction of the separation length required by slab gels. The migration behavior of protein standards correlated well with molecular weight and allowed molecular weight determination for interleukin-2, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and tetanus toxin C-fragment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Herr, AE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aeherr@sandia.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [U01DE014961] NR 42 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 16 BP 4727 EP 4733 DI 10.1021/ac049686u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 846BS UT WOS:000223290300016 PM 15307783 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Retention of ionizable compounds in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Effect of the ionic strength of the mobile phase and the nature of the salts used on the overloading behavior SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION METHOD; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; METHANOL-WATER; PH VALUES; ADSORPTION; HPLC; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; ACIDS; SOLUTES AB The retention mechanism of the protonated cation in propranolol chloride on C-18-Xterra was investigated using mobile phases of various compositions. Accurate adsorption data were measured by frontal analysis, with a mixture of methanol and water (25% methanol), with no salt, as the mobile phase. The experimental isotherm has at least two inflection points, at concentrations of about 0.2 and 6.0 g/L, respectively. This precludes the modeling of these data with a simple convex-upward isotherm (e.g., Langmuir). The adsorption energy distribution or relationship between the number of sites on the adsorbent surface and the energy of adsorption on these sites was calculated by assuming Moreau isotherm behavior (S-shaped isotherm). This model has never been applied to describe the surface heterogeneity of any RPLC adsorbent. The calculation converged toward a bimodal energy distribution. Accordingly, the bi-Moreau model is the simplest theoretical model accounting for the adsorption data of propranolol from a mobile phase without salt. The complex-overloaded band profiles of propranolol measured in the presence of increasing concentrations of a supporting salt (KCl) in the mobile phase demonstrate that the same isotherm model applies also under these conditions, as was merely assumed in a previous work. The elution band profiles of propranolol calculated with the bi-Moreau isotherm model for solutions of salts of different natures (CaCl2, CsCl, Na2SO4) in the same mobile phase agree very well with the experimental band profiles. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 29 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 16 BP 4779 EP 4789 DI 10.1021/ac0304121 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 846BS UT WOS:000223290300022 PM 15307789 ER PT J AU Gazda, DB Fritz, JS Porter, MD AF Gazda, DB Fritz, JS Porter, MD TI Multiplexed colorimetric solid-phase extraction: Determination of silver(I), nickel(II), and sample pH SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL SENSORS; IMMOBILIZATION; FLUORESCEIN; VALUES; IODINE AB This paper reports the design and ground-based testing of a multiplexed colorimetric solid-phase extraction (MC-SPE) platform for the rapid determination of multiple water quality parameters in a simple set of operational steps. Colorimetric solid-phase extraction (C-SPE) is an analytical platform that combines impregnated colorimetric reagents on a solid-phase extraction membrane and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to quantify trace analytes in water. In extending C-SPE to MC-SPE, a filter holder that incorporates discrete analysis channels and a jig that facilitates the concurrent operation of multiple syringes have been designed, enabling the simultaneous determination of three different measures of water quality. Separate, single-parameter membranes, placed in a read-out cartridge create unique, parameter-specific addresses at the exit of each channel. Following sample exposure, the diffuse reflectance spectrum of each address is collected serially and the Kubelka-Munk function is used to quantify each water quality parameter via calibration curves. Performance evaluations of the MC-SPE platform were conducted using sample pH, silver(I), and nickel(II). Determinations of silver(I) (0.05-0.5 ppm) and nickel(II) (1.8-5.0 ppm) follow established C-SPE methods on reversed-phase extraction membranes using 5-(p-dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine and dimethylglyoxime, respectively, as colorimetric reagents. Sample pH (2.5-5.0) is measured using an anion-exchange membrane impregnated with fluorescein. These determinations require similar to120 s to complete using a total sample volume of 3.0 mL. The extension of MC-SPE to the determination of a greater number of analytes and its potential application to space and earth-bound monitoring needs are briefly discussed. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 16 BP 4881 EP 4887 DI 10.1021/ac049449r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 846BS UT WOS:000223290300034 PM 15307801 ER PT J AU Bonner, CA Jensen, RA Gander, JE Keyhani, NO AF Bonner, CA Jensen, RA Gander, JE Keyhani, NO TI A core catalytic domain of the TyrA protein family: arogenate dehydrogenase from Synechocystis SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE arogenate dehydrogenase; enzyme specificity; prephenate; Synechocystis; TyrA; tyrosine ID MUTASE-PREPHENATE DEHYDROGENASE; AMINO-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; L-TYROSINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYCLOHEXADIENYL DEHYDROGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; L-PHENYLALANINE; EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ENTERIC BACTERIA AB The TyrA protein family includes prephenate dehydrogenases, cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenases and TyrA(a)s (arogenate dehydrogenases). tyrA(a), from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, encoding a 30 kDa TyrA(a) protein, was cloned into an overexpression vector in Escherichia coli. TyrA(a) was then purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized. This protein is a model structure for a catalytic core domain in the TyrA superfamily, uncomplicated by allosteric or fused domains. Competitive inhibitors acting at the catalytic core of TyrA proteins are analogues of any accepted cyclohexadienyl substrate. The homodimeric enzyme was specific for L-arogenate (K-m = 331 muM) and NADP(+) (K-m = 38 muM), being unable to substitute prephenate or NAD(+) respectively. L-Tyrosine was a potent inhibitor of the enzyme (K-i = 70 muM). NADPH had no detectable ability to inhibit the reaction. Although the mechanism is probably steady-state random order, properties of 2',5'-ADP as an inhibitor suggest a high preference for L-arogenate binding first. Comparative enzymology established that both of the arogenate-pathway enzymes, prephenate aminotransferase and TyrA(a), were present in many diverse cyanobacteria and in a variety of eukaryotic red and green algae. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Keyhani, NO (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Bldg 981,POB 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM keyhani@ufl.edu RI Keyhani, Nemat/I-8150-2013 NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 382 BP 279 EP 291 DI 10.1042/BJ20031809 PN 1 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 849ZP UT WOS:000223580700033 PM 15171683 ER PT J AU Riebe, CS Kirchner, JW Finkel, RC AF Riebe, CS Kirchner, JW Finkel, RC TI Erosional and climatic effects on long-term chemical weathering rates in granitic landscapes spanning diverse climate regimes SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chemical weathering; granitic landscape; precipitation; physical erosion; temperature; climate ID CO2 CONSUMPTION; MASS-BALANCE; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; ALLUVIAL SEDIMENT; PHYSICAL EROSION; SIERRA-NEVADA; TIME SCALES; TEMPERATURE; ROCKS; EQUILIBRIUM AB We used cosmogenic nuclide and geochemical mass balance methods to measure long-term rates of chemical weathering and total denudation in granitic landscapes in diverse climatic regimes. Our 42 study sites encompass widely varying climatic and erosional regimes, with mean annual temperatures ranging from 2 to 25 degreesC, average precipitation ranging from 22 to 420 cm(.)year(-1), and denudation rates ranging from 23 to 755 t(.)km(-2) (.) year(-1). Long-term chemical weathering rates range from 0 to 173 t.km(-2) year(-1), in several cases exceeding the highest granitic weathering rates on record from previous work. Chemical weathering rates are highest at the sites with rapid denudation rates, consistent with strong coupling between rates of chemical weathering and mineral supply from breakdown of rock. A simple empirical relationship based on temperature, precipitation and long-term denudation rates explains 89-95% of the variation in long-term weathering rates across our network of sites. Our analysis shows that, for a given precipitation and temperature, chemical weathering rates increase proportionally with fresh-material supply rates. We refer to this as "supply-limited" weathering, in which fresh material is chemically depleted to roughly the same degree, regardless of its rate of supply from breakdown of rock. The temperature sensitivity of chemical weathering rates is two to four times smaller than what one would expect from laboratory measurements of activation energies for feldspar weathering and previous inter-comparisons of catchment mass-balance data from the field. Our results suggest that climate change feedbacks between temperature and silicate weathering rates may be weaker than previously thought, at least in actively eroding, unglaciated terrain similar to our study sites. To the extent that chemical weathering rates are supply-limited in mountainous landscapes, factors that,regulate rates of mineral supply from erosion, such as tectonic uplift, may lead to significant fluctuations in global climate over the long term. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Riebe, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM riebe@seismo.berkeley.edu; kirchner@seismo.berleley.edu; fmkel1@llnl.gov RI Kirchner, James/B-6126-2009; Riebe, Clifford/B-7670-2012 OI Kirchner, James/0000-0001-6577-3619; NR 34 TC 219 Z9 223 U1 11 U2 78 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 224 IS 3-4 BP 547 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.05.019 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 850AF UT WOS:000223582400023 ER PT J AU Gray, JE Hines, ME Higueras, PL Adatto, I Lasorsa, BK AF Gray, JE Hines, ME Higueras, PL Adatto, I Lasorsa, BK TI Mercury speciation and microbial transformations in mine wastes, stream sediments, and surface waters at the Almaden Mining District, Spain SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT; METHYLMERCURY; GEOCHEMISTRY; METHYLATION; CALIFORNIA; SYSTEMS; SOILS; RIVER; FISH; USA AB Speciation of Hg and conversion to methyl-Hg were evaluated in mine wastes, sediments, and water collected from the Almaden District, Spain, the world's largest Hg producing region. Our data for methyl-Hg, a neurotoxin hazardous to humans, are the first reported for sediment and water from the Almaden area. Concentrations of Hg and methyl-Hg in mine waste, sediment, and water from Almaden are among the highest found at Hg mines worldwide. Mine wastes from Almaden contain highly elevated Hg concentrations, ranging from 160 to 34 000 mug/g, and methyl-Hg varies from <0.20 to 3100 ng/g. Isotopic tracer methods indicate that mine wastes at one site (Almadenejos) exhibit unusually high rates of Hg-methylation, which correspond with mine wastes containing the highest methyl-Hg concentrations. Streamwater collected near the Almaden mine is also contaminated, containing Hg as high as 13 000 ng/L and methyl-Hg as high as 30 ng/L; corresponding stream sediments contain Hg concentrations as high as 2300 mug/g and methyl-Hg concentrations as high as 82 ng/g. Several streamwaters contain Hg concentrations in excess of the 1000 ng/L World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standard. Methyl-Hg formation and degradation was rapid in mines wastes and stream sediments demonstrating the dynamic nature of Hg cycling. These data indicate substantial downstream transport of Hg from the Almaden mine and significant conversion to methyl-Hg in the surface environment. C1 US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Castilla La Mancha, Almaden 13400, Spain. Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Gray, JE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, POB 25046,MS 973, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. EM jgray@usgs.gov RI Higueras, Pablo/F-1714-2010 OI Higueras, Pablo/0000-0002-3662-7302 NR 40 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 16 BP 4285 EP 4292 DI 10.1021/es040359d PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846HK UT WOS:000223306300011 PM 15382854 ER PT J AU Buck, EC Mcnamara, BK AF Buck, EC Mcnamara, BK TI Precipitation of nitrate - Cancrinite in Hanford tank sludge SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; WASTE; SAND AB The chemistry of underground storage tanks containing high-level waste at the Hanford Site in Washington State is an area of continued research interest. Thermodynamic models have predicted the formation of analcime and clinoptilolite in Hanford tanks, rather than cancrinite; however, these predictions were based on carbonate-cancrinite. We report the first observation of a nitrate-cancrinite [possibly Na-8(K,Cs)(AlSiO4)(6)(NO3)(2).nH(2)O] extracted from a Hanford tank 241-AP-101 sample that was evaporated to 6, 8, and 10 M NaOH concentrations. The nitrate-cancrinite phase formed spherical aggregates (4 mum in diameter) that consisted of platy hexagonal crystals (similar to0.2 mum thick). Cesium-137 was concentrated in these aluminosilicate structures. These phases possessed a morphology identical to that of nitrate-cancrinite synthesized using simulant tests of nonradioactive tank waste, supportingthe contention that it is possible to develop nonradioactive artificial sludges. This investigation points to the continued importance of understanding the solubility of NO3-cancrinite and related phases. Knowledge of the detailed structure of actual phases in the tank waste helps with thermodynamic modeling of tank conditions and waste processing. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Buck, EC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-27, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM edgar.buck@pnl.gov RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 16 BP 4432 EP 4438 DI 10.1021/es034943i PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 846HK UT WOS:000223306300031 PM 15382874 ER PT J AU Bennett, PV Cintron, NS Gros, L Laval, J Sutherland, BM AF Bennett, PV Cintron, NS Gros, L Laval, J Sutherland, BM TI Are endogenous clustered DNA damages induced in human cells? SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE clustered DNA damage; endogenous; oxidized base; human cells; abasic site; free radicals ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; ALKALINE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; AVERAGE LENGTH ANALYSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; GAMMA-RAYS; ENDONUCLEASE-III AB Although clustered DNA damages are induced in cells by ionizing radiation and can be induced artifactually during DNA isolation, it was not known if they are formed in unirradiated cells by normal oxidative metabolism. Using high-sensitivity methods of quantitative gel electrophoresis, electronic imaging, and number average length analysis, we found that two radiosensitive human cell lines TK6 and WI-L2-NS) accumulated Fpg-oxidized purine clusters and Nth-oxidized pyrimidine clusters but not Nfo-abasic clusters. However, four repair-proficient human lines (MOLT 4, HL-60, WTK1, and 28SC) did not contain significant levels (<5/Gbp) of any cluster type. Cluster levels were independent of p53 status. Measurement of glycosylase levels in 28SC, TK6, and WI-L2-NS cells suggested that depressed hOGGI and IiNth activities in TK6 and WI-L2-NS could be related to oxybase cluster accumulation. Thus, individuals with DNA repair enzyme deficiencies could accumulate potentially cytotoxic and mutagenic clustered DNA damages. The absence of Nfo-detected endogenous clusters in any cells examined suggests that abasic clusters could be a signature of cellular ionizing radiation exposure. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, CNRS, UMR 8113, Grp Reparat ADN, Villejuif, France. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bms@bnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA86897] NR 78 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 4 BP 488 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.05.004 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 843CQ UT WOS:000223053600006 PM 15256220 ER PT J AU Tuszewski, M Scarborough, WK White, RR AF Tuszewski, M Scarborough, WK White, RR TI Spectrometry of 0.46 and 13.56 MHz Ar/SF6 inductive plasma discharges SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ETCHING DISCHARGES; SF6-O2 DISCHARGES; COUPLED PLASMAS; SULFUR DIMERS; GAS-MIXTURES; SILICON; RF; SIO2; INSTABILITIES; KINETICS AB The neutral and positive ion species of two inductively coupled plasma (ICP) discharges, operated with low-pressure argon and sulfur hexafluoride (Ar/SF6) gas mixtures, are studied with optical emission and mass spectrometry. Similar discharges sustained in the two ICPs show significantly different species. The spectra of the 0.46 MHz hemispherical ICP suggest nearly pure Ar/SF6 discharges. The spectra of the 13.56 MHz planar ICP reveal many species containing silicon and oxygen, from etching of the quartz dielectric. Etch rate measurements support these observations. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tuszewski, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mgtu@lanl.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1811 EP 1818 DI 10.1063/1.1769599 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100007 ER PT J AU Graff, GL Williford, RE Burrows, PE AF Graff, GL Williford, RE Burrows, PE TI Mechanisms of vapor permeation through multilayer barrier films: Lag time versus equilibrium permeation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; COATINGS; DEPOSITION; OXIDE; DEGRADATION; MORPHOLOGY; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS; DISPLAYS; LAYERS AB Multilayer, thin-film organic/inorganic composite barrier layers have recently been reported to achieve water vapor permeation rates of <10(-5) g/m(2)/day at 25degreesC/40%RH on polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Using both transient and steady-state vapor permeation measurements combined with classical Fickian diffusion models, we determine the mechanism of vapor permeation through such barrier structures and show that results obtained to date are limited not by equilibrium diffusion but by lag-time effects caused by the extremely long effective path length for the diffusing gas. The implications for further improvement of flexible thin-film vapor barriers are discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Graff, GL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 50 TC 222 Z9 223 U1 8 U2 80 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1840 EP 1849 DI 10.1063/1.1768610 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100011 ER PT J AU Hu, TJ Jones, RL Wu, WL Lin, EK Lin, QH Keane, D Weigand, S Quintana, J AF Hu, TJ Jones, RL Wu, WL Lin, EK Lin, QH Keane, D Weigand, S Quintana, J TI Small angle x-ray scattering metrology for sidewall angle and cross section of nanometer scale line gratings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CD-SEM; SCATTEROMETRY; LITHOGRAPHY AB High-volume fabrication of nanostructures requires nondestructive metrologies capable of measuring not only the pattern size but also the pattern shape profile. Measurement tool requirements will become more stringent as the feature size approaches 50 nm and tolerances of pattern shape will reach a few nanometers. A small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) based technique has been demonstrated to have the capability of characterizing the average pitch size and pattern width to subnanometer precision. In this study, we report a simple, modeling-free protocol to extract cross-section information such as the average sidewall angle and the pattern height of line grating patterns from the SAXS data. Diffraction peak intensities and reciprocal space positions are measured while the sample is rotated around the axis perpendicular to the grating direction. Linear extrapolations of peak positions in reciprocal space allow a precise determination of both the sidewall angle and the pattern height. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, DND CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wen-li.wu@nist.gov NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 1983 EP 1987 DI 10.1063/1.1773376 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100032 ER PT J AU Wright, AF Mattsson, TR AF Wright, AF Mattsson, TR TI N vacancy diffusion and trapping in Mg-doped wurtzite GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; P-TYPE GAN; DEFECT COMPLEXES; NATIVE DEFECTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; HYDROGEN; COMPENSATION; METALS AB Density-functional theory has been used to investigate N vacancy (V-N) diffusion in wurtzite GaN and V-N complexes with a substitutional Mg acceptor (MgGaVN). Two V-N diffusion paths were identified: a perpendicular path producing movement perpendicular to the c axis and a diagonal path producing movement both perpendicular and parallel to the c axis. The V-N charge state was found to strongly influence the diffusion activation energies, which range from 2.49 eV for V-N(+3) to 3.55 eV for V-N(+1) along the perpendicular path and from 2.65 eV for V-N(+3) to 3.96 eV for V-N(+1) along the diagonal path. Two bound MgGaVN configurations were identified: a parallel configuration with V-N located next to Mg-Ga and along the c axis from it, and a perpendicular configuration with V-N located next to Mg-Ga and transverse to the c axis from it. The binding energies range from 0.29 to 0.58 eV, depending on the MgGaVN configuration and charge state. The results were used to evaluate a recently proposed atomistic process [S. Hautakangas, J. Oila, M. Alatalo, and K. Saarinen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 137402 (2003)], which involves MgGaVN dissociation and V-N diffusion in wurtzite GaN. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Mattsson, Thomas/B-6057-2009 NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2015 EP 2022 DI 10.1063/1.1767981 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100037 ER PT J AU Cooley, LD Fischer, CM Lee, PJ Larbalestier, DC AF Cooley, LD Fischer, CM Lee, PJ Larbalestier, DC TI Simulations of the effects of tin composition gradients on the superconducting properties of Nb3Sn conductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL FIELDS; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; WIRE; ALLOYS AB In powder-in-tube Nb3Sn composites, the A15 phase forms between a central tin-rich core and a coaxial Nb tube, thus causing the tin content and superconducting properties to vary with radius across the A15 layer. Since this geometry is also ideal for magnetic characterization of the superconducting properties with the field parallel to the tube axis, a system of concentric shells with varying tin content was used to simulate the superconducting properties, the overall severity of the Sn composition gradient being defined by an index N. Using well-known scaling relationships and property trends developed in an earlier experimental study, the critical current density for each shell was calculated, and from this the magnetic moment of each shell was found. By summing these moments, experimentally measured properties such as pinning-force curves and Kramer plots could be simulated. We found that different tin profiles have only a minor effect on the shape of Kramer plots, but a pronounced effect on the irreversibility fields defined by the extrapolation of Kramer plots. In fact, these extrapolated values H-K are very close to a weighted average of the superconducting properties across the layer for all N. The difference between H-K and the upper critical field commonly seen in experiments is a direct consequence of the different ways measurements probe the simulated Sn gradients. Sn gradients were found to be significantly deleterious to the critical current density J(c), since reductions to both the elementary pinning force and the flux pinning scaling field H-K compound the reduction in J(c). The simulations show that significant gains in J(c) of Nb3Sn strands might be realized by circumventing strong compositional gradients of tin. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cooley, LD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980; Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208 NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2122 EP 2130 DI 10.1063/1.1763993 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100053 ER PT J AU Lima, AL Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK AF Lima, AL Gschneidner, KA Pecharsky, VK TI Anisotropic materials: A way to increase the efficiency of magnetic refrigeration SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A breakthrough step in the development of magnetic refrigeration would be to find a way to increase the cooling capacity of the magnetic refrigerant material in order to make this technology even more energy efficient. In this paper, we present a theoretical study which shows how to increase the refrigerant capacity using anisotropic materials. We examine some of the well-known Laves phase compounds that can be described by a Hamiltonian which includes second order and spin reorientation effects. Our results indicate that in some cases it is theoretically possible to increase cooling capacity by up to similar to65%. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cagey@ameslab.gov NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2164 EP 2168 DI 10.1063/1.1767969 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100059 ER PT J AU Xiao, X Birrell, J Gerbi, JE Auciello, O Carlisle, JA AF Xiao, X Birrell, J Gerbi, JE Auciello, O Carlisle, JA TI Low temperature growth of ultrananocrystalline diamond SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CVD DIAMOND; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; NEAR-EDGE; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; FINE-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY AB Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films were prepared by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using argon-rich Ar/CH4 plasmas at substrate temperatures from similar to400 to 800degreesC. Different seeding processes were employed to enhance the initial nucleation density for UNCD growth to about 10(11) sites/cm(2). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure, visible and ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the bonding structure as a function of growth temperature. The results showed that the growth of UNCD films is much less dependent on substrate temperature than for hydrogen-based CH4/H-2 plasmas. UNCD with nearly the same nanoscale structure as those characteristic of high-temperature deposition can be grown at temperatures as low as 400degreesC with growth rates of about 0.2 mum/hr. The average grain size increased to about 8 nm from 3 to 5 nm that is characteristic of high-temperature growth, but the relative amounts of sp(3) and sp(2) bonding remained unchanged. These results suggest that the activation energy for UNCD growth is about 2-3 Kcal/mole compared with similar to28 kcal/mole for traditional growth chemistries, and that hydrogen plays an important role in the growth of UNCD films using hydrogen-poor plasmas. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Carlisle@anl.gov NR 36 TC 148 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2232 EP 2239 DI 10.1063/1.1769609 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100069 ER PT J AU Posada, Y San Miguel, L Fonseca, LF Resto, O Weisz, SZ Kim, CH Shinar, J AF Posada, Y San Miguel, L Fonseca, LF Resto, O Weisz, SZ Kim, CH Shinar, J TI Optical properties of nanocrystalline silicon within silica gel monoliths SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS SILICON; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; SIO2 LAYERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES; MATRICES AB Described herein is the incorporation of nanocrystalline silicon nc-Si from porous silicon (PSi) in a silica matrix fabricated by the sol-gel technique that yields highly photoluminescent (PL) and optically transparent monoliths with uniformly distributed nc-Si inclusions or nanoclusters. The sample monoliths were prepared with PSi-derived nanoclusters (PSi-n) with average diameters of 14-45 nm. Concentrated samples of PSi-n-exhibited blueshifted orange emission bands with maximum peaks between 600 and 750 nm with PL emission intensities ten times stronger than those of the original PSi, while diluted samples exhibited UV to blue (350-450 nm) emission bands. The PL quantum yield of the typical PSi-n monoliths was 44% higher than the native PSi. Light absorption measurements showed a linear response to laser powers before the saturation threshold at 80 mW. PL bleaching following 3 h of constant laser power exposure resulted in 90% reduction of the maximum initial PL. Mechanical and thermal stability properties of nc-Si were greatly improved within the silica matrix, demonstrating that PSi-n monoliths' are more manageable materials that enable the fabrication of samples with high densities of nc-Si for semiconducting and optoelectronic purposes. No special chemical passivation of the nc-Si surfaces was used in the preparation of the PSi-n monoliths. A strong relation between the optical properties of this nanophase material and the size distribution and concentration of nc-Si in the sample is demonstrated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Posada, Y (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 4 BP 2240 EP 2243 DI 10.1063/1.1771475 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843DE UT WOS:000223055100070 ER PT J AU Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Shen, MC Hsu, SM AF Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Shen, MC Hsu, SM TI Molecular orientation of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene induced by various sliding motions SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE orthopedic joint replacement; wear mechanisms; molecular orientation; NEXAFS; cross-shear motions ID WEAR MECHANISMS; SPECTRA; REPLACEMENTS; PROSTHESES; POLYMERS; DEBRIS; NEXAFS AB Wear and wear debris of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in joint replacements have been recognized as one of the major contributors to the failure of orthopedic implants. The detailed wear mechanism of polyethylene under biomechanic motions is not well understood. In simulation wear bench tests, it was found that unidirectional sliding produces the least amount of wear, reciprocating motion increases wear significantly, and cross-shear motion (similar to hip and knee joint motion in the human body) produces the highest amount of wear. Conventional wear theories are inadequate to explain this observation. This study utilizes resonant absorption of linearly polarized soft X-rays at a synchrotron radiation beam line to measure the molecular orientation of a UHMWPE surface layer subjected to different wear motions. Carbon-K-edge partial-electron-yield X-ray absorption measurements were done on the worn UHMWPE samples. X-ray absorption measurements show conclusively that the molecular chains of UHMWPE align preferentially parallel to the direction of sliding. Examination under various wear motions showed that unidirectional shear produced the maximum chain orientation, whereas cross-shear wear motions produced the least amount of orientation. When polymeric chains align, the surface layer tends to be more brittle and hard, thus resisting wear. When they do not align, loose chains may be subjected to both Mode I and Mode II fracture, hence increasing the wear rate. This molecular alignment observation may offer an explanation of why different wear motions have different wear characteristics. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sambasivan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 535A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sharadha@bnl.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 70B IS 2 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30043 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 841RS UT WOS:000222949700014 PM 15264310 ER PT J AU Requejo, FG Hebenstreit, ELD Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Requejo, FG Hebenstreit, ELD Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M TI An in situ XPS study of site competition between CO and NO on Rh(111) in equilibrium with the gas phase SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE CO oxidation; NO reduction; in situ photoelectron spectroscopy ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; AUTOMATED TENSOR LEED; REACTION-RATES; HIGH-PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; REANALYSIS; KINETICS; SURFACE; LEVEL AB The nature of the adsorption sites of CO and NO as they compete to adsorb on a Rh(111) surface has been determined using by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in situ, under gas mixtures of the reactants in the Pascal pressure range. It was found that near room temperature NO readily displaced CO from threefold hollow sites when the NO partial pressure was below 30%. CO is displaced from top sites only at higher NO pressures and after heating. The kinetics of CO:NO exchange at top sites is very slow at room temperature (hours), and requires heating for complete exchange. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. IFLP, CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Natl Univ La Plata, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Dept Fis, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM salmeron@lbl.gov RI Requejo, Felix/O-2260-2016 OI Requejo, Felix/0000-0003-4439-864X NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 226 IS 1 BP 83 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.05.010 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 844EA UT WOS:000223139000009 ER PT J AU Yanai, T Fann, GI Gan, ZT Harrison, RJ Beylkin, G AF Yanai, T Fann, GI Gan, ZT Harrison, RJ Beylkin, G TI Multiresolution quantum chemistry in multiwavelet bases: Analytic derivatives for Hartree-Fock and density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; DIATOMIC MOLECULES; ENERGY QUANTITIES; FORCE CONSTANTS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; GEOMETRIES; DYNAMICS AB An efficient and accurate analytic gradient method is presented for Hartree-Fock and density functional calculations using multiresolution analysis in multiwavelet bases. The derivative is efficiently computed as an inner product between compressed forms of the density and the differentiated nuclear potential through the Hellmann-Feynman theorem. A smoothed nuclear potential is directly differentiated, and the smoothing parameter required for a given accuracy is empirically determined from calculations on six homonuclear diatomic molecules. The derivatives of N-2 molecule are shown using multiresolution calculation for various accuracies with comparison to correlation consistent Gaussian-type basis sets. The optimized geometries of several molecules are presented using Hartree-Fock and density functional theory. A highly precise Hartree-Fock optimization for the H2O molecule produced six digits for the geometric parameters. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yanai, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Beylkin, Gregory/G-6653-2011; OI BEYLKIN, GREGORY/0000-0003-3447-1460 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 7 BP 2866 EP 2876 DI 10.1063/1.1768161 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842HV UT WOS:000222995300003 PM 15291596 ER PT J AU Nemeth, K Challacombe, M AF Nemeth, K Challacombe, M TI The quasi-independent curvilinear coordinate approximation for geometry optimization SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; LARGE MOLECULES; EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES; TRANSFORMATION PROBLEM; ITERATIVE SUBSPACE; STATIONARY-POINTS; DIRECT INVERSION; ALGORITHM; ENERGY; SEARCH AB This paper presents an efficient alternative to well established algorithms for molecular geometry optimization. This approach exploits the approximate decoupling of molecular energetics in a curvilinear internal coordinate system, allowing separation of the 3N-dimensional optimization problem into an O(N) set of quasi-independent one-dimensional problems. Each uncoupled optimization is developed by a weighted least squares fit of energy gradients in the internal coordinate system followed by extrapolation. In construction of the weights, only an implicit dependence on topologically connected internal coordinates is present. This new approach is competitive with the best internal coordinate geometry optimization algorithms in the literature and works well for large biological problems with complicated hydrogen bond networks and ligand binding motifs. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nemeth, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM KNemeth@LANL.Gov RI Nemeth, Karoly/L-7806-2014 OI Nemeth, Karoly/0000-0001-8366-1397 NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 7 BP 2877 EP 2885 DI 10.1063/1.1771636 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842HV UT WOS:000222995300004 PM 15291597 ER PT J AU Lopez-Duran, D de Lara-Castells, MP Delgado-Barrio, G Villarreal, P Di Paola, C Gianturco, FA Jellinek, J AF Lopez-Duran, D de Lara-Castells, MP Delgado-Barrio, G Villarreal, P Di Paola, C Gianturco, FA Jellinek, J TI Raman spectra of (He)(N)-Br-2(X) clusters: The role of boson/fermion statistics in a quantum solvent SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL MONTE-CARLO; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; DYNAMICS; MOLECULE; HE-3; ENERGIES; HELIUM; DROPS AB The aim of this paper is to elucidate the role played by the bosonic/fermionic character of N He atoms solvating a Br-2(X) molecule. To this end, an adiabatic model in the molecular stretching coordinate is assumed and the ground energy levels of the complexes are searched by means of Hartree (or Hartree-Fock) Quantum Chemistry calculations for He-4 (or He-3) solvent atoms. Simulations of vib-rotational Raman spectra point at the spin multiplicity as the main feature responsible for the drastic difference in the rotational structures of molecules embedded in boson or fermion helium drops as already observed by the experiments of Grebenev [S. Grebenev, J. P. Toennies, and A. F. Vilesov, Science 279 (1998) 2083]. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 CSIC, Inst Matemat & Fis Fundamental, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Rome, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rome, INFM, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP CSIC, Inst Matemat & Fis Fundamental, Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM p.villarreal@imaff.cfmac.csic.es RI de Lara-Castells, Maria Pilar/C-5846-2014; Villarreal, Pablo/K-2397-2014 OI de Lara-Castells, Maria Pilar/0000-0001-8697-5770; NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 7 BP 2975 EP 2984 DI 10.1063/1.1769369 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842HV UT WOS:000222995300014 PM 15291607 ER PT J AU Qin, YA Prausnitz, JM AF Qin, YA Prausnitz, JM TI Phase behavior and critical properties of size-asymmetric, primitive-model electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN SPHERICAL APPROXIMATION; HARD-DUMBBELL FLUIDS; DEBYE-HUCKEL THEORY; ION ASSOCIATION; THERMODYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM; COEXISTENCE; SEPARATION; SYSTEMS; BJERRUM AB The theory of J. Jiang [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 7977 (2002)] for size-symmetric electrolytes is extended to size-asymmetric electrolytes. When compared to molecular-simulation results, this extension gives the correct trend of critical properties with size asymmetry. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qin, YA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 7 BP 3181 EP 3183 DI 10.1063/1.1770651 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842HV UT WOS:000222995300035 PM 15291628 ER PT J AU Specht, P Armitage, R Ho, J Gunawan, E Yang, Q Xu, X Kisielowski, C Weber, ER AF Specht, P Armitage, R Ho, J Gunawan, E Yang, Q Xu, X Kisielowski, C Weber, ER TI The influence of structural properties on conductivity and luminescence of MBE grown InN SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Indium Nitride CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL Fremantle, AUSTRALIA SP USN Off Naval Res Global, USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Macquarie Univ, Div Informat & Commun Sci, Macquarie Univ, Phys Dept DE crystal structure; impurities in thin films; X-ray diffraction; molecular beam epitaxy; indium nitride ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INDIUM NITRIDE; BAND-GAP; HETEROSTRUCTURES; STRAIN; ALLOYS; ALN AB Within the last few years indium nitride (InN) gained substantial interest due to its controversially discussed apparent band gap and its predicted highest maximum electron mobility among several III-V compounds, including Al(Ga)N and GaAs. The band gap of epitaxial InN has been recently reported to be around 0.7 eV rather than the previously accepted value of 1.9 eV obtained from polycrystalline films. Thus, InN could be a promising material for applications in infrared opto-electronics or high-speed electronics. However, the structural quality of the InN epilayers is still inferior to GaN and needs to be improved. Also, the role of many contaminants in InN and their effect on the epilayer's conductivity and/or luminescence properties is still under investigation. This work describes recent studies of InN growth by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire (0 0 0 1) substrates. The effect of buffer layer variations including a prior substrate nitridation step is discussed. Structural properties (X-ray diffraction. AFM and TEM images) and chemical profiles (SIMS) will be correlated to Hall data and Photoluminescence spectra. The role of oxygen and hydrogen as possible donors in InN will be discussed. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Specht, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Bldg 62-113,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM specht@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012 OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 269 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.05.097 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 848KB UT WOS:000223465200018 ER PT J AU Walukiewicz, W Li, SX Wu, J Yu, KM Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ AF Walukiewicz, W Li, SX Wu, J Yu, KM Ager, JW Haller, EE Lu, H Schaff, WJ TI Optical properties and electronic structure of InN and In-rich group III-nitride alloys SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Indium Nitride CY NOV 16-20, 2003 CL Fremantle, AUSTRALIA SP USN Off Naval Res Global, USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Macquarie Univ, Div Informat & Commun Sci, Macquarie Univ, Phys Dept DE electronic structures; optical properties; semiconducting group III-nitrides ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; ABSORPTION-EDGE; INDIUM NITRIDE; SEMICONDUCTORS; PRESSURE; ENERGY; FILMS; DEPENDENCE AB The optical properties and electronic structure of molecular-beam epitaxy grown InN and In-rich group III-nitride alloy films are studied. The band gap of InN is determined to be 0.7 eV by optical absorption, photoluminescence, and photo-modulated reflectance. The band gap exhibits weaker temperature and pressure dependencies than those of GaN and AIN. The narrow band gap leads to a strong k(.)p interaction, resulting in a non-parabolic conduction band, which is studied by the free electron concentration dependence of the electron effective mass. Highly n-type InN exhibits a large Burstein-Moss shift in the optical absorption edge; this effect may be responsible for the 1.9 eV band gap reported previously for some degenerately doped InN films. The band gap bowing parameters of the InGaN and InAlN alloy systems are determined. The band offset of InN with other group III-nitrides is presented and its effect on p-type doping is discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Walukiewicz, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM w_walukiewicz@lbl.gov RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 37 TC 118 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 269 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.05.041 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 848KB UT WOS:000223465200019 ER PT J AU Fang, GW Kuiken, C Weiser, B Rowland-Jones, S Plummer, F Chen, CH Kaul, R Anzala, AO Bwayo, J Kimani, J Philpott, SM Kitchen, C Sinsheimer, JS Gaschen, B Lang, D Shi, BS Kemal, KS Rostron, T Brunner, C Beddows, S Sattenau, Q Paxinos, E Oyugi, J Burger, H AF Fang, GW Kuiken, C Weiser, B Rowland-Jones, S Plummer, F Chen, CH Kaul, R Anzala, AO Bwayo, J Kimani, J Philpott, SM Kitchen, C Sinsheimer, JS Gaschen, B Lang, D Shi, BS Kemal, KS Rostron, T Brunner, C Beddows, S Sattenau, Q Paxinos, E Oyugi, J Burger, H TI Long-term survivors in Nairobi: Complete HIV-1 RNA sequences and immunogenetic associations SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROGRESSION; INFECTION; GENOTYPE; DISEASE; SUBTYPE; WOMEN AB To investigate African long-term survivors (LTSs) infected with non-subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we obtained full-length HIV-1 RNA sequences and immunogenetic profiles from 6 untreated women enrolled in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort in Nairobi, Kenya. There were no discernible sequence changes likely to cause attenuation. CCR2-V64I, an immunogenetic polymorphism linked to LTSs, was detected in 4 women, all of whom carried the HLA B58 allele. Further investigation of 99 HIV-1-infected Nairobi women found an association between CCR2-V64I and HLA B58 (P = .0048). Studying the interaction among immunogenetics, responses, and viral sequences from all HIV-1 subtypes may increase our understanding of slow HIV-1 disease progression. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Albany Med Coll, Dept Med, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Virologic, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Oxford, Inst Mol Med, Oxford, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Nairobi, Dept Med Microbiol, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Burger, H (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208 USA. EM burger@wadsworth.org OI Shi, binshan/0000-0003-1169-6237 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-42555]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH59490] NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 190 IS 4 BP 697 EP 701 DI 10.1086/421504 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 841CP UT WOS:000222907200006 PM 15272396 ER PT J AU Steinwart, I AF Steinwart, I TI Sparseness of support vector machines SO JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION AB Support vector machines (SVMs) construct decision functions that are linear combinations of kernel evaluations on the training set. The samples with non-vanishing coefficients are called support vectors. In this work we establish lower (asymptotical) bounds on the number of support vectors. On our way we prove several results which are of great importance for the understanding of SVMs. In particular, we describe to which "limit" SVM decision functions tend, discuss the corresponding notion of convergence and provide some results on the stability of SVMs using subdifferential calculus in the associated reproducing kernel Hilbert space. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS-3,POB 1663,Mail Stop B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM INGO@LANL.GOV OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU MICROTOME PUBLISHING PI BROOKLINE PA 31 GIBBS STREET, BROOKLINE, MA 02446 USA SN 1532-4435 J9 J MACH LEARN RES JI J. Mach. Learn. Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1071 EP 1105 DI 10.1162/1532443041827925 PG 35 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 952KO UT WOS:000231002600006 ER PT J AU Ting, J Anderson, IE AF Ting, J Anderson, IE TI A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of the wake closure phenomenon SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE gas atomization; CFD; wake-closure; HPGA nozzle; recirculation zone ID PRESSURE GAS ATOMIZATION AB Using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, the gas dynamics of the open-wake and closed-wake conditions of an annular-slit high-pressure gas atomization (AS-HPGA) nozzle were investigated to validate the predictions of a pulsatile atomization model that was recently proposed. The location of the recirculation zones, the oblique shocks and the Mach disks were analyzed for this type of closed-coupled gas atomization nozzle. The stagnation pressures located downstream of the Mach disk, in closed-wake condition, were found to be approximately twice as high as the stagnation pressure in an open-wake condition at a slightly lower atomization gas pressure. The turbulence model utilized within the CFD calculation scheme appeared to be inadequate for calculating aspiration pressure just below wake-closure pressure when the recirculation zone is extremely long and narrow. However, overall, the CFD calculation correlated well with the experimental results, showing that the aspiration pressure progressively lowers as operation pressure increases in open-wake condition, and rises as operation pressure increases in closed-wake condition. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Alcoa Inc, Specialty Met Div, Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ting, J (reprint author), Alcoa Inc, Specialty Met Div, Alcoa Tech Ctr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. EM jason.ting@alcoa.com NR 18 TC 28 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 379 IS 1-2 BP 264 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.065 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 846QG UT WOS:000223330100033 ER PT J AU Eyink, GL Restrepo, JM Alexander, FJ AF Eyink, GL Restrepo, JM Alexander, FJ TI A mean field approximation in data assimilation for nonlinear dynamics SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; Bayes formula; mean field ID KALMAN FILTER; MODEL AB This paper considers the problem of data assimilation into nonlinear stochastic dynamic equations, from the point of view that the optimal solution is provided by the probabilities conditioned upon observations. An implementation of Bayes formula is described to calculate such probabilities. In the context of a simple model with multimodal statistics, it is shown that the conditional statistics succeed in tracking mode transitions where some standard suboptimal estimators fail. However, in complex models the exact conditional probabilities cannot be practically calculated. Instead, approximations to the conditional statistics must be sought. In this paper, attention is focused on approximations to the analysis step arising from the conditioning on observational data. A suboptimal mean-field conditional analysis is obtained from a statistical mechanics of time-histolies. It is shown to have a variational formulation, reducing the approximate calculation of the conditional statistics to the minimization of the "effective action", a convex cost function. This mean-field analysis is compared with a standard linear analysis, based on a Kalman gain matrix. In the simple model problem, the mean-field conditional analysis is shown to approximate well the exact conditional statistics. Pubtished by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Math Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Restrepo, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM restrepo@math.arizona.edu RI Eyink, Gregory/A-3340-2010; OI Restrepo, Juan/0000-0003-2609-2882 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 195 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2004.04.003 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 847XT UT WOS:000223432100009 ER PT J AU Agarwal, PK AF Agarwal, PK TI Cis/trans isomerization in HIV-1 capsid protein catalyzed by cyclophilin A: Insights from computational and theoretical studies SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE protein dynamics; enzymatic catalysis; enzyme catalysis; vibrations network; peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase activity; isomerase; protein-protein interaction ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; CIS-TRANS ISOMERASES; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING-PROTEIN; CONFORMATIONAL FLEXIBILITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB A network of protein vibrations has recently been identified in the enzyme cyclophilin A (CypA) that is associated with its peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerization activity of small peptide substrates. It has been suggested that this network may have a role in promoting the catalytic step during the isomerization reaction. This work presents the results from the characterization of this network during the isomerization of the Gly89-Pro90 peptide bond in the N-terminal domain of the capsid protein (CA(N)) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which is a naturally occurring, biologically relevant protein substrate for CypA. A variety of computational and theoretical studies are utilized to investigate the protein dynamics of the CypA-CA(N) complex, at multiple time scales, during the isomerization step. The results provide insights into the detailed mechanism of isomerization and confirm the presence of previously reported network of protein vibrations coupled to the reaction. Conserved CypA residues at the complex interface and at positions distal to the interface form parts of this network. There is HIV-1 related medical interest in CypA; incorporation of CypA, complexed with the capsid protein, into the virion is required for the infectious activity of HIV-1. Interaction energy and dynamical cross-correlation calculations are used for a detailed investigation of the protein-protein interactions in the CypA-CA(N) complex. The results show that CA(N) residues His87-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ile-Ala92 form the majority of the interactions with CypA residues. New protein-protein interactions distal to the active site (CypA Arg148-CA(N) Gln95 and CypA Arg148-CA(N) Asn121) are also identified. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM agarwalpk@ornl.gov NR 67 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 449 EP 463 DI 10.1002/prot.20135 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837XR UT WOS:000222675200005 PM 15229879 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, A Eisenberg, D AF Reinhardt, A Eisenberg, D TI DPANN: Improved sequence to structure alignments following fold recognition SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE substitution matrix; distant homology; modeling; artificial neural networks ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION; TWILIGHT-ZONE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; DATABASE; QUALITY; COMBINATION; ANNOTATION; REFINEMENT; ASSIGNMENT; FAMILIES AB In fold recognition (FR) a protein sequence of unknown structure is assigned to the closest known three-dimensional (3D) fold. Although FR programs can often identify among all possible folds the one a sequence adopts, they frequently fail to align the sequence to the equivalent residue positions in that fold. Such failures frustrate the next step in structure prediction, protein model building. Hence it is desirable to improve the quality of the alignments between the sequence and the identified structure. We have used artificial neural networks (ANN) to derive a substitution matrix to create alignments between a protein sequence and a protein structure through dynamic programming (DPANN: Dynamic Programming meets Artificial Neural Networks). The matrix is based on the amino acid type and the secondary structure state of each residue. In a database of protein pairs that have the same fold but lack sequences-similarity, DPANN aligns over 30% of all sequences to the paired structure, resembling closely the structural superposition of the pair. In over half of these cases the DPANN alignment is close to the structural superposition, although the initial alignment from the step of fold recognition is not close. Conversely, the alignment created during fold recognition outperforms DPANN in only 10% of all cases. Thus application of DPANN after fold recognition leads to substantial improvements in alignment accuracy, which in turn provides more useful templates for the modeling of protein structures. In the artificial case of using actual instead of predicted secondary structures for the probe protein, over 50% of the alignments are successful. (C) 2004Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Faint Signals Pattern Recognit, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM david@mbi.ucla.edu NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 528 EP 538 DI 10.1002/prot.20144 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837XR UT WOS:000222675200011 PM 15229885 ER PT J AU Lim, K Sarikaya, E Galkin, A Krajewski, W Pullalarevu, S Shin, JH Kelman, Z Howard, A Herzberg, O AF Lim, K Sarikaya, E Galkin, A Krajewski, W Pullalarevu, S Shin, JH Kelman, Z Howard, A Herzberg, O TI Novel structure and nucleotide binding properties of HI1480 from Haemophilus influenzae: A protein with no known sequence homologues SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID GENOME SEQUENCE; DATABASE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; PROPHAGES; SCOP AB The crystal structure of the Haemophilus influenzae protein HI1480 was determined at 2.1-Angstrom resolution. The amino acid sequence of HI1480 is unique, having no homology with other known protein sequences. The protein adopts a novel alpha+beta fold, and associates into a dimer of tightly associated dimers. The tight dimers are formed by intermolecular interactions that are mediated by an antiparallel beta-barrel involving both monomers. Helical regions of two dimers mediate the tetramer formation. The helical region contains a four-helix bundle that has been seen only in the anticodon binding domains of class I tRNA synthetases. A cluster of four residues, Tyr18, Arg134, Glu26, and Lys12 is located in a depression formed at the four-helix bundle/beta-barrel interface. The arrangement is suggestive of an active center, possibly a catalytic site. The HI1480 gene is located within the Mu-like prophage region of H. influenzae, has no homology to bacteriophage genes, and is flanked by transposases. Hence, this is an example of horizontal transfer from an unknown organism. Gel mobility shift assays revealed that HI1480 binds DNA and RNA molecules. Double-stranded DNA is favored over single-stranded DNA, and longer DNA molecules are bound better than shorter ones. (C) 2004Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Biol Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM osnat@carb.nist.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P01 GM57890] NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 564 EP 571 DI 10.1002/prot.20148 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837XR UT WOS:000222675200014 PM 15229888 ER PT J AU Bakolitsa, C Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Brinen, LS Canaves, JM Dai, XP Deacon, AM Elsliger, MA Eshagi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Jaroszewski, L Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Robb, A Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J von Delft, F Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA AF Bakolitsa, C Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Brinen, LS Canaves, JM Dai, XP Deacon, AM Elsliger, MA Eshagi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Jaroszewski, L Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Robb, A Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J von Delft, F Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of an orphan protein (TM0875) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.00-angstrom resolution reveals a new fold SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; SOFTWARE; SYSTEM C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411] NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1002/prot.20138 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837XR UT WOS:000222675200018 PM 15229892 ER PT J AU Jaroszewski, L Schwarzenbacher, R von Delft, F McMullan, D Brinen, LS Canaves, JM Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Eshagi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Levin, I Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Reyes, R Rezezadeh, F Robb, A Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA AF Jaroszewski, L Schwarzenbacher, R von Delft, F McMullan, D Brinen, LS Canaves, JM Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Eshagi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Levin, I Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Reyes, R Rezezadeh, F Robb, A Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of a novel manganese-containing cupin (TM1459) from Thermotoga maritima at 1.65 angstrom resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-DENSITY; DIFFRACTION; PROGRAM C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BCP3206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411] NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.1002/prot.20130 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837XR UT WOS:000222675200019 PM 15229893 ER PT J AU McMullan, D Schwarzenbacher, R Jaroszewski, L von Delft, F Klock, HE Vincent, J Quijano, K Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Brinen, LS Canaves, JM Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Eshaghi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Karlak, C Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Levin, I McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Jie, OY Page, R Reyes, R Rezezadeh, F Robb, A Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Lesley, SA Wilson, IA AF McMullan, D Schwarzenbacher, R Jaroszewski, L von Delft, F Klock, HE Vincent, J Quijano, K Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Brinen, LS Canaves, JM Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Eshaghi, S Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Karlak, C Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Levin, I McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Jie, OY Page, R Reyes, R Rezezadeh, F Robb, A Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Lesley, SA Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of a novel Thermotoga maritima enzyme (TM1112) from the cupin family at 1.83 angstrom Resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-DENSITY; PROTEINS; PROGRAM C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411] NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 615 EP 618 DI 10.1002/prot.20139 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837XR UT WOS:000222675200020 PM 15229894 ER PT J AU Xu, QP Schwarzenbacher, R Page, R Sims, E Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Brinen, LS Cambell, J Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Jaroszewski, L Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Levin, I McMullan, D McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Quijano, K Reyes, R Rezezadeh, F Robb, A Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J von Delft, F Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA AF Xu, QP Schwarzenbacher, R Page, R Sims, E Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Brinen, LS Cambell, J Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Floyd, R Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Jaroszewski, L Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kovarik, JS Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Levin, I McMullan, D McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Quijano, K Reyes, R Rezezadeh, F Robb, A Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J von Delft, F Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of an allantoicase (YIR029W) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 2.4 angstrom resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY; PROGRAM C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Piens Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411] NR 20 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 619 EP 624 DI 10.1002/prot.20164 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837XR UT WOS:000222675200021 PM 15229895 ER PT J AU Levin, I Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Cambell, J Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Jaroszewski, L Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Reyes, R Robb, A Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J von Delft, F Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA AF Levin, I Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Abdubek, P Ambing, E Biorac, T Cambell, J Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Dai, XP Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hampton, E Jaroszewski, L Karlak, C Klock, HE Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA McPhillips, TM Miller, MD Morse, A Moy, K Ouyang, J Page, R Quijano, K Reyes, R Robb, A Sims, E Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J von Delft, F Wang, XH West, B Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of a putative NADPH-Dependent oxidoreductase (GI : 18204011) from mouse at 2.10 angstrom resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DENSITY C1 Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, JCSG, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Piens Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411] NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2004 VL 56 IS 3 BP 629 EP 633 DI 10.1002/prot.20163 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 837XR UT WOS:000222675200023 PM 15229897 ER PT J AU Anitescu, M Hart, GD AF Anitescu, M Hart, GD TI A constraint-stabilized time-stepping approach for rigid multibody dynamics with joints, contact and friction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE constraint stabilization; multibody dynamics; contact; coulomb friction ID INVARIANT-MANIFOLDS; MECHANICAL SYSTEMS; COULOMB-FRICTION; BODY DYNAMICS; IMPACT; DAES AB We present a method for achieving geometrical constraint stabilization for a linear-complementaritybased time-stepping scheme for rigid multibody dynamics with joints, contact, and friction. The method requires the solution of only one linear complementarity problem per step. We prove that the velocity stays bounded and that the constraint infeasibility is uniformly bounded in terms of the size of the time step and the current value of the velocity. Several examples, including one for joint-only systems, are used to demonstrate the constraint stabilization effect. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 221, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@mcs.anl.gov NR 30 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-5981 EI 1097-0207 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD AUG 14 PY 2004 VL 60 IS 14 BP 2335 EP 2371 DI 10.1002/nme.1047 PG 37 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 843GW UT WOS:000223067600004 ER PT J AU Xiao, YJ Hughes, AL Ando, J Matsuda, Y Cheng, JF Skinner-Noble, D Zhang, GL AF Xiao, YJ Hughes, AL Ando, J Matsuda, Y Cheng, JF Skinner-Noble, D Zhang, GL TI A genome-wide screen identifies a single beta-defensin gene cluster in the chicken: implications for the origin and evolution of mammalian defensins SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-DEFENSINS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; HOST-DEFENSE; EXPRESSION; LEUKOCYTES; CLONING; BETA-DEFENSIN-1; LOCALIZATION; DIVERGENCE; SELECTION AB Background: Defensins comprise a large family of cationic antimicrobial peptides that are characterized by the presence of a conserved cysteine-rich defensin motif. Based on the spacing pattern of cysteines, these defensins are broadly divided into five groups, namely plant, invertebrate, alpha-, beta-, and theta-defensins, with the last three groups being mostly found in mammalian species. However, the evolutionary relationships among these five groups of defensins remain controversial. Results: Following a comprehensive screen, here we report that the chicken genome encodes a total of 13 different beta-defensins but with no other groups of defensins being discovered. These chicken beta-defensin genes, designated as Gallinacin 1-13, are clustered densely within a 86-Kb distance on the chromosome 3q3.5-q3.7. The deduced peptides vary from 63 to 104 amino acid residues in length sharing the characteristic defensin motif. Based on the tissue expression pattern, 13 beta-defensin genes can be divided into two subgroups with Gallinacin 1-7 being predominantly expressed in bone marrow and the respiratory tract and the remaining genes being restricted to liver and the urogenital tract. Comparative analysis of the defensin clusters among chicken, mouse, and human suggested that vertebrate defensins have evolved from a single beta-defensin-like gene, which has undergone rapid duplication, diversification, and translocation in various vertebrate lineages during evolution. Conclusions: We conclude that the chicken genome encodes only beta-defensin sequences and that all mammalian defensins are evolved from a common beta-defensin-like ancestor. The alpha-defensins arose from beta-defensins by gene duplication, which may have occurred after the divergence of mammals from other vertebrates, and theta-defensins have arisen from alpha-defensins specific to the primate lineage. Further analysis of these defensins in different vertebrate lineages will shed light on the mechanisms of host defense and evolution of innate immunity. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, GL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM yanjing@okstate.edu; austin@biol.sc.edu; jando@a-net.email.ne.jp; yoimatsu@ees.hokudai.ac.jp; jfcheng@lbl.gov; ndonald@okstate.edu; zguolon@okstate.edu RI Zhang, Guolong/A-3076-2008 NR 41 TC 166 Z9 218 U1 3 U2 22 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 5 AR 56 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-5-56 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 851MJ UT WOS:000223688900003 PM 15310403 ER PT J AU Mao, WL Sturhahn, W Heinz, DL Mao, HK Shu, JF Hemley, RJ AF Mao, WL Sturhahn, W Heinz, DL Mao, HK Shu, JF Hemley, RJ TI Nuclear resonant x-ray scattering of iron hydride at high pressure SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; SOUND VELOCITIES; WATER REACTION; EARTH; EVOLUTION; HYDROGEN; CORE; SPECTROSCOPY; GIGAPASCALS; MOSSBAUER AB We studied the nuclear resonant x-ray scattering of iron hydride (FeHx) up to 52 GPa. Coupled with hydrostatic x-ray diffraction data, the partial phonon density of states measured by nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering provides information on sound velocities and the Fe contribution to thermodynamic parameters. In particular it constrains the aggregate shear velocity and shear modulus for comparison to seismic observations. We found that V-S (km/sec) = 0.023*P (GPa) + 3.2. A loss of magnetism was observed with synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy at 22 GPa, lower than theoretically predicted but consistent with the observed anomalous velocity behavior. Results confirm that FeHx could be a major light element bearing phase for explaining the core density deficit relative to pure Fe. Formation of FeHx by reaction with water would be expected to leave a signature in the mantle. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XOR, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Mao, WL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM wmao@uchicago.edu RI Mao, Wendy/D-1885-2009 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15618 DI 10.1029/2004GL020541 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846UN UT WOS:000223342500007 ER PT J AU Gotmar, G Ozen, C Serpersu, E Guiochon, G AF Gotmar, G Ozen, C Serpersu, E Guiochon, G TI Isothermal microcalorimetric study of the pH dependence of the interactions between a cellulase and a beta-blocker SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE pH effects; isothermal titration calorimetry; complexation equilibria; cellulase; beta-blockers; alprenolol ID PROPRANOLOL ENANTIOMERS; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; IMMOBILIZED CELLULASE; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; CHIRAL-RECOGNITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN; SELECTOR; PHASE AB The influence of the pH on the complexation equilibria between (S)- or (R)-alprenolol and the cellulase Cel7A was investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry. The results obtained agree with those of previous, similar studies of the same equilibria in which the protein was immobilized on silica particles, packed in a chromatographic column. The association constant and the complexation enthalpy and entropy of the (S)-enantiomer increase with increasing pH. For (R)-alprenolol, the binding is endothermic at all pH values. Thus, for both enantiomers in the pH range 5.5-6.8, the binding is an entropically driven process. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cell & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 1046 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.089 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 847AP UT WOS:000223361300007 PM 15387169 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Ahn, MH Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, G Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Booth, PSL Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carron, S Carosi, R Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerri, C Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Clark, D Coca, MN Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S De Lentdecker, G Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Doksus, P Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Drollinger, V Ebina, K Eddy, N Ely, R Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flanagan, G Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Frisch, H Fujii, Y Furic, I Gaijar, A Gallas, A Gallinaro, M 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V Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK King, BT Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lauhakangas, R Lazzizzera, I Le, Y Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Loverre, P Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Manca, G Marginean, R Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Meyer, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, R Morello, M Moulik, T Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakamura, I Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Necula, V Niell, F Nielsen, J Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nicollerat, AS Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Oesterberg, K Ogawa, T Oh, S Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Pratt, T Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schemitz, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Sidoti, A Siket, M Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spiegel, L Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Squillacioti, P Stadie, H Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takach, SF Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tapprogge, S Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Turner, M Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, N Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, W Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Ahn, MH Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Anikeev, K Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Arguin, JF Arisawa, T Artikov, A Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Bailey, S Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, G Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Booth, PSL Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bourov, S Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calafiura, P Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carron, S Carosi, R Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerri, C Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, AG Clark, D Coca, MN Connolly, A Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Currat, C Cyr, D Dagenhart, D DaRonco, S D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S De Lentdecker, G Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Doksus, P Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Drollinger, V Ebina, K Eddy, N Ely, R Erbacher, R Erdmann, M Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, I Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flanagan, G Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foland, A Forrester, S Foster, GW Franklin, M Frisch, H Fujii, Y Furic, I Gaijar, A Gallas, A Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerberich, H Gerchtein, E Gerdes, DW Giagu, S Giannetti, P Gibson, A Gibson, K Ginsburg, C Giolo, K Giordani, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guimaraes da Costa, J Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hall, C Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, M Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Hayward, H Heider, E Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Holloway, A Hou, S Houlden, MA Huang, Y Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Huston, J Ikado, K Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ishizawa, Y Issever, C Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jang, D Jarrell, J Jeans, D Jensen, H Jones, M Jun, SY Junk, T Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Karchin, PE Kartal, S Kato, Y Kemp, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, BJ Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, MS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK King, BT Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kobayashi, H Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korn, A Korytov, A Kotelnikov, K Kotwal, AV Kovalev, A Kraus, J Kravchenko, I Kreymer, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lancaster, M Lander, R Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lauhakangas, R Lazzizzera, I Le, Y Lecci, C LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Liu, Y Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loken, J Loreti, M Loverre, P Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Manca, G Marginean, R Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Maruyama, T Matsunaga, H Mattson, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, PM McNamara, P McNulty, R Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Meyer, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miller, L Miller, R Miller, JS Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Moggi, N Moore, R Morello, M Moulik, T Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakamura, I Nakano, I Napier, A Napora, R Necula, V Niell, F Nielsen, J Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nicollerat, AS Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Oesterberg, K Ogawa, T Oh, S Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Poukhov, O Prakoshyn, F Pratt, T Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Russ, J Ruiz, A Ryan, D Saarikko, H Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schemitz, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Sidoti, A Siket, M Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Somalwar, SV Spalding, J Spezziga, M Spiegel, L Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Squillacioti, P Stadie, H Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takach, SF Takano, H Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tamburello, P Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tanimoto, N Tapprogge, S Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tesarek, RJ Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Tsybychev, D Turini, N Turner, M Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallace, N Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, W Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Wyatt, A Yagil, A Yamashita, T Yamamoto, K Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoon, P Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yu, Z Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhou, J Zsenei, A Zucchelli, S CA CDF II Collaboration TI Observation of the narrow state X(3872)-> J/psi pi(+)pi(-) in (p)over-barp collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDF; CHARMONIUM; RESONANCE; UPGRADE AB We report the observation of a narrow state decaying into J/psipi(+)pi(-) and produced in 220 pb(-1) of (p) over barp collisions at roots=1.96 TeV in the CDF II experiment. We observe 730+/-90 decays. The mass is measured to be 3871.3+/-0.7(stat)+/-0.4(syst) MeV/c(2), with an observed width consistent with the detector resolution. This is in agreement with the recent observation by the Belle Collaboration of the X(3872) meson. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, CSIC, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki Grp, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Div High Energy Phys, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova Trento, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Acosta, D (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/K-6508-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Gallas Torreira, Abraham Antonio/0000-0002-2745-7954; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 20 TC 420 Z9 425 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 072001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.072001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300011 PM 15324226 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE 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Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Safai Tehrani, F Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Di Lodovico, F Eichenbaum, AM Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Safai Tehrani, F Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Di Lodovico, F Eichenbaum, AM Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in the B-0 ->phi K-0 decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-MESON DECAYS; VIOLATION AB We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry for the neutral B-meson decay B-0-->phiK(0). We use a sample of approximately 114x10(6) B-meson pairs taken at the Y(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B-meson factory at SLAC. We reconstruct the CP eigenstates phiK(S)(0) and phiK(L)(0), where phi-->K+K-, K-S(0)-->pi(+)pi(-), and K-L(0) is observed via its hadronic interactions. The other B meson in the event is tagged as either a B-0 or (B) over bar (0) from its decay products. The values of the CP-violation parameters are S-phiK=0.47+/-0.34(stat)(-0.06)(+0.08)(syst) and C-phiK=0.01+/-0.33(stat)+/-0.10(syst). C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. 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Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 071801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.071801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300010 ER PT J AU Lang, DV Chi, X Siegrist, T Sergent, AM Ramirez, AP AF Lang, DV Chi, X Siegrist, T Sergent, AM Ramirez, AP TI Bias-dependent generation and quenching of defects in pentacene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; TRAPS; FILMS AB We describe a defect generation phenomenon that is new to organic semiconductors. A defect in pentacene single crystals can be created by bias-stress and persists at room temperature for an hour in the dark but only seconds with 420 nm illumination. The defect gives rise to a hole trap at E-v+0.38 eV and causes metastable transport effects at room temperature. Creation and decay rates of the hole trap have a 0.67 eV activation energy with a small (10(8) s(-1)) prefactor, suggesting that atomic motion plays a key role in the generation and quenching process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Lang, DV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 076601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.076601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300046 PM 15324261 ER PT J AU Masuda, T Zheludev, A Uchinokura, K Chung, JH Park, S AF Masuda, T Zheludev, A Uchinokura, K Chung, JH Park, S TI Dynamics and scaling in a quantum spin chain material with bond randomness SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAINS; BACU2(SI1-XGEX)(2)O-7; DISORDER; SYSTEMS AB Single crystal inelastic neutron scattering is used to study dynamic spin correlations in the quasi-one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet BaCu2(Si0.5Ge0.5)(2)O-7, where the exchange constant fluctuates due to a random distribution of Si and Ge atoms. The measured low-energy spectrum is dominated by localized excitations and can be understood in the framework of the random singlet model. The observed scaling relations for the frequency dependencies of the correlation length and structure factor are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical predictions for the renormalization group fixed point. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Masuda, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 077206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.077206 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300058 PM 15324273 ER PT J AU Masuda, T Zheludev, A Grenier, B Imai, S Uchinokura, K Ressouche, E Park, S AF Masuda, T Zheludev, A Grenier, B Imai, S Uchinokura, K Ressouche, E Park, S TI Cooperative ordering of gapped and gapless spin networks in Cu2Fe2Ge4O13 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEIERLS TRANSITION; FIELD; ANTIFERROMAGNET; QUANTUM; CUGEO3 AB The unusual magnetic properties of a novel low-dimensional quantum ferrimagnet Cu2Fe2Ge4O13 are studied using bulk methods, neutron diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering. It is shown that this material can be described in terms of two low-dimensional quantum spin subsystems, one gapped and the other gapless, characterized by two distinct energy scales. Long-range magnetic ordering observed at low temperatures is a cooperative phenomenon caused by weak coupling of these two spin networks. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Masuda, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM masudat@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 077202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.077202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300054 PM 15324269 ER PT J AU McDonald, RD Harrison, N Balicas, L Kim, KH Singleton, J Chi, X AF McDonald, RD Harrison, N Balicas, L Kim, KH Singleton, J Chi, X TI Charge-density waves survive the Pauli paramagnetic limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTORS; STATE AB Measurements of the resistance of single crystals of (Per)(2)Au(mnt)(2) have been made at magnetic fields B of up to 45 T, exceeding the anticipated Pauli paramagnetic limit of B(p)approximate to37 T. The continued presence of nonlinear charge-density wave electrodynamics at Bgreater than or equal to37 T establishes the survival of the charge-density wave state above this limit, and the probable emergence of an inhomogeneous phase analogous to that anticipated to occur in superconductors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP McDonald, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Mississippi E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013 OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087 NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 076405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.076405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300043 PM 15324258 ER PT J AU Milano, J Steren, LB Grimsditch, M AF Milano, J Steren, LB Grimsditch, M TI Effect of dipolar interaction on the antiferromagnetic resonance spectra of NiO SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DOMAIN WALLS; ONE-MAGNON; MNO; NANOPARTICLES; DEPENDENCE; DISPERSION; ABSORPTION; ANISOTROPY AB We have investigated the antiferromagnetic (AF) resonance modes (AFMR) of NiO, theoretically using a model that includes the effects of exchange, dipolar coupling, and a small cubic anisotropy, and experimentally using Brillouin scattering. Using only superexchange between next nearest Ni atoms the model accounts for the observed AF structure with a [11 (2) over bar] spin orientation. The model predicts that there are four, weakly coupled, AF lattices that should therefore exhibit eight AFMR modes. Because of degeneracies, only five distinct frequencies are predicted by the model. Three of these frequencies are consistent with the doublet observed by Raman scattering and the central peak reported in Brillouin experiments. Using Brillouin scattering we report the observation of the two missing modes. C1 Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Fis, RA-1650 San Martin, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. UNC, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Milano, J (reprint author), Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Fis, RA-1650 San Martin, Argentina. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 077601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.077601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300063 PM 15324278 ER PT J AU Mo, SK Kim, HD Allen, JW Gweon, GH Denlinger, JD Park, JH Sekiyama, A Yamasaki, A Suga, S Metcalf, P Held, K AF Mo, SK Kim, HD Allen, JW Gweon, GH Denlinger, JD Park, JH Sekiyama, A Yamasaki, A Suga, S Metcalf, P Held, K TI Filling of the Mott-Hubbard gap in the high temperature photoemission spectrum of (V0.972Cr0.028)(2)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; QUANTUM MONTE-CARLO; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; MODEL; V2O3 AB Photoemission spectra of the paramagnetic insulating phase of (V0.972Cr0.028)(2)O-3, taken in ultrahigh vacuum up to the unusually high temperature (T) of 800 K, reveal a property unique to the Mott-Hubbard (MH) insulator that has not been observed previously. With increasing T the MH gap is filled by spectral weight transfer, in qualitative agreement with high-T theoretical calculations combining dynamical mean field theory and band theory in the local density approximation. C1 Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Phys Mat, Osaka 5608531, Japan. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Mo, SK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Mo, Sung-Kwan/F-3489-2013; Held, Karsten/O-4178-2015; Sekiyama, Akira/G-1851-2016 OI Mo, Sung-Kwan/0000-0003-0711-8514; Held, Karsten/0000-0001-5984-8549; NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 076404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.076404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300042 PM 15324257 ER PT J AU Wiebe, CR Gardner, JS Kim, SJ Luke, GM Wills, AS Gaulin, BD Greedan, JE Swainson, I Qiu, Y Jones, CY AF Wiebe, CR Gardner, JS Kim, SJ Luke, GM Wills, AS Gaulin, BD Greedan, JE Swainson, I Qiu, Y Jones, CY TI Magnetic ordering in the spin-ice candidate Ho(2)Ru(2)O(7) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE; ENTROPY AB Neutron scattering measurements on the spin-ice candidate material Ho(2)Ru(2)O(7) have revealed two magnetic transitions at Tsimilar to95 and similar to1.4 K to long-range ordered states involving the Ru and Ho sublattices, respectively. Between these transitions, the Ho(3+) moments form short-ranged ordered spin clusters. The internal field provided by the ordered S=1 Ru(4+) moments disrupts the fragile spin-ice state and drives the Ho(3+) moments to order. We have directly measured a slight shift in the Ho(3+) crystal field levels at 95 K from the Ru ordering. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. NRC, NPMR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wiebe, CR (reprint author), Brock Univ, Dept Phys, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. EM cwiebe@brocku.ca RI Wills, Andrew/C-1622-2008; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 076403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.076403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300041 PM 15324256 ER PT J AU Zhang, BW Wang, E Wang, XN AF Zhang, BW Wang, E Wang, XN TI Heavy quark energy loss in a nuclear medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE PARTON SCATTERING; GLUON PLASMA; QCD; DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLISIONS; OPACITY AB Multiple scattering, modified fragmentation functions, and radiative energy loss of a heavy-quark propagating in a nuclear medium are investigated in perturbative QCD. Because of the quark mass dependence of the gluon formation time, the medium size dependence of heavy-quark energy loss is found to change from a linear to a quadratic form when the initial energy and momentum scale are increased relative to the quark mass. The radiative energy loss is also significantly suppressed relative to a light quark due to the suppression of collinear gluon emission by a heavy quark. C1 Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, BW (reprint author), Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. NR 31 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 7 AR 072301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.072301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 845VL UT WOS:000223273300012 PM 15324227 ER PT J AU Turner, JA AF Turner, JA TI Sustainable hydrogen production SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TERM ENERGY SUPPLIES; WATER AB Identifying and building a sustainable energy system are perhaps two of the most critical issues that today's society must address. Replacing our current energy carrier mix with a sustainable fuel is one of the key pieces in that system. Hydrogen as an energy carrier, primarily derived from water, can address issues of sustainability, environmental emissions, and energy security. Issues relating to hydrogen production pathways are addressed here. Future energy systems require money and energy to build. Given that the United States has a finite supply of both, hard decisions must be made about the path forward, and this path must be followed with a sustained and focused effort. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Turner, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jturner@nrel.gov NR 18 TC 1039 Z9 1052 U1 48 U2 309 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5686 BP 972 EP 974 DI 10.1126/science.1103197 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 845ND UT WOS:000223250700036 PM 15310892 ER PT J AU Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Florando, JN Nix, WD AF Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM Florando, JN Nix, WD TI Sample dimensions influence strength and crystal plasticity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; SIZE; DEFORMATION; COPPER; WHISKERS; STRESS; SCALE AB When a crystal deforms plastically, phenomena such as dislocation storage, multiplication, motion, pinning, and nucleation occur over the submicron-to-nanometer scale. Here we report measurements of plastic yielding for single crystals of micrometer-sized dimensions for three different types of metals. We find that within the tests, the overall sample dimensions artificially limit the length scales available for plastic processes. The results show dramatic size effects at surprisingly large sample dimensions. These results emphasize that at the micrometer scale, one must de. ne both the external geometry and internal structure to characterize the strength of a material. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Uchic, MD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.uchic@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 1138 Z9 1155 U1 22 U2 360 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 13 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5686 BP 986 EP 989 DI 10.1126/science.1098993 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 845ND UT WOS:000223250700042 PM 15310897 ER PT J AU Niu, SQ Wang, XB Yang, X Wang, LS Ichiye, T AF Niu, SQ Wang, XB Yang, X Wang, LS Ichiye, T TI Mechanistic insight into the symmetric fission of [4Fe-4S] analogue complexes and implications for cluster conversions in iron-sulfur proteins SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII NITROGENASE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; COLI BIOTIN SYNTHASE; BEEF-HEART ACONITASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BASIS-SET; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; BINDING-SITES AB Assembly and disassembly of protein-bound iron-sulfur clusters are involved in a wide variety of vital biological processes, ranging from biosynthesis to regulation of biological function. The study of the fission of analogue clusters can provide valuable insight into the various reaction mechanisms that can occur in proteins as well as tests of the ability of theoretical studies to interpret experiment. Previously, we observed symmetric fission of doubly charged Fe-S cluster anions, [Fe4S4X4](2-) --> 2[Fe2S2X2](-) (X = SC2H5, Cl, Br) in the gas phase, which is surprising because four strong Fe-S bonds are being broken. Here, we report a study of the detailed fission mechanism using density functional theory in conjunction with photoelectron spectroscopic results for X = Cl. Both the experimental and theoretical results suggest that the fission daughter products are low-spin [Fe2S2Cl2](-) (S = 1/2) species. However, the layered structure of the cubane would seem to indicate a mechanism that would give high-spin daughter products. Thus, we investigate the symmetric fission of [Fe4S4Cl4](2-) along two possible reaction pathways, involving high-spin and low-spin [Fe2S2Cl2](-)fragments, respectively. Though the high-spin channel is endothermic by 1.34 eV with a high barrier of 2.65 eV, the reaction along the low-spin fission channel is more favorable with an exothermicity of 0.53 eV and a lower barrier of 1.51 eV. Two intermediates are observed along the low-spin fission channel, a spin-localized cubane [Fe4S4Cl4](2-) cluster, which contains two valence-localized Fe3+ centers and two valence-localized Fe2+ centers, and a half-opened [Fe4S4Cl4](2-) Cluster. The spin-localized cluster is crucial to breaking the four strong Fe-S bonds in the symmetric fission. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm ol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ichiye, T (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov; ti9@georgetown.edu NR 66 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 32 BP 6750 EP 6757 DI 10.1021/jp049012n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 844TH UT WOS:000223182700020 ER PT J AU Chen, W Bovin, JO Joly, AG Wang, SP Su, FH Li, GH AF Chen, W Bovin, JO Joly, AG Wang, SP Su, FH Li, GH TI Full-color emission from In2S3 and ln(2)S(3): Eu3+ nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CUINS2 THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; INDIUM SULFIDE; LUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; GROWTH; NANOCLUSTERS; TEMPERATURE; XEROGEL AB New observations on the luminescence Of In2S3 and europium-doped In2S3 nanoparticles show a green (5 10 nm) emission from In2S3 and In1.8Eu0.2S3 nanoparticles while a blue (425 nm) emission is observed from ln(1.6)Eu(0.4)S(3) nanoparticles. Both the blue and green emissions have large Stokes shifts of 62 and 110 nm, respectively. Excitation with longer-wavelength photons causes the blue emission to shift to a longer wavelength while the green emission wavelength remains unchanged. The lifetimes of both the green and blue emissions are similar to reported values for excitonic recombination. When doped with Eu3+, in addition to the broad blue and green emissions, a red emission near 615 nm attributed to Eu3+ is observed. Temperature dependences on nanoparticle thin films indicate that with increasing temperature, the green emission wavelength remains constant, however, the blue emission shifts toward longer wavelengths. Based on these observations, the blue emission is attributed to exciton recombination and the green emission to Indium interstitial defects. These nanoparticles show full-color emission with high efficiency, fast lifetime decays, and good stability; they are also relatively simple to prepare, thus making them a new type of phosphor with potential applications in lighting, flat-panel displays, and communications. C1 Nomad Inc, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Lund Univ, Ctr Chem, Dept Chem Mat, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, Natl Lab Superlatt & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Nomad Inc, 1024 S Innovat Way, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM wchen@nomadics.com NR 38 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 32 BP 11927 EP 11934 DI 10.1021/jp048107m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 844TJ UT WOS:000223182900009 ER PT J AU Predota, M Bandura, AV Cummings, PT Kubicki, JD Wesolowski, DJ Chialvo, AA Machesky, ML AF Predota, M Bandura, AV Cummings, PT Kubicki, JD Wesolowski, DJ Chialvo, AA Machesky, ML TI Electric double layer at the rutile (110) surface. 1. Structure of surfaces and interfacial water from molecular dynamics by use of ab initio potentials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY STANDING WAVES; MODEL; ADSORPTION; METAL; (HYDR)OXIDES; SIMULATIONS; HYDRATION; CONSTANTS; SYSTEMS AB A recently developed force field for interactions of water molecules with the (110) surface of rutile (alpha-TiO2) has been generalized for atomistically detailed molecular dynamics simulations of the interfacial structure of the uncharged mineral surface in contact with liquid SPC/E water at 298 K and 1 atm and for negatively charged surfaces in contact with SPC/E water containing dissolved electrolyte ions (Rb+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-). Both hydroxylated (dissociative) and nonhydroxylated (associative) surfaces are simulated, since both types of water-surface interactions have been postulated from ab initio calculations and spectroscopic studies under near-vacuum conditions. The positions of water molecules at the interface were found to be very similar for both hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated surfaces, with either terminal hydroxyl groups or associated water molecules occupying the site above each terminal titanium atom. Beyond these surface oxygens, a single additional layer of adsorbed water molecules occupies distinct sites related to the underlying crystal surface structure. The water structure and mobility quickly decay to the bulk liquid properties beyond this second layer. The hydrogen-bonding structure and water orientation in these first two oxygen layers are somewhat sensitive to the hydroxylation of the surface, as are the electrostatic profiles. For all simulated properties, including space-dependent diffusivity of water molecules, the influence of the interface is negligible beyond distances of about 15 Angstrom from the surface. Increasing the temperature to 448 K while maintaining the density at the liquid-vapor saturated condition had minimal effect on the interfacial structure and electrostatic properties. These results are foundational to the simulation of dissolved ion interactions with the surface and the comparison of the simulation results with X-ray standing wave and crystal truncation rod measurements of water and electrolyte solutions in contact with rutile (110) single-crystal surfaces presented in Part 2 of this series. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ S Bohemia, Fac Hlth & Social Studies, Dept Hlth Phys & Biophys, Ceske Budejovice 37004, Czech Republic. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Predota, M (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. EM predota@icpf.cas.cz RI Predota, Milan/A-2256-2009; Bandura, Andrei/I-2702-2013; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012; OI Predota, Milan/0000-0003-3902-0992; Bandura, Andrei/0000-0003-2816-0578; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 34 TC 175 Z9 178 U1 8 U2 87 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 32 BP 12049 EP 12060 DI 10.1021/jp037197c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 844TJ UT WOS:000223182900028 ER PT J AU Predota, M Zhang, Z Fenter, P Wesolowski, DJ Cummings, PT AF Predota, M Zhang, Z Fenter, P Wesolowski, DJ Cummings, PT TI Electric double layer at the rutile (110) surface. 2. Adsorption of ions from molecular dynamics and X-ray experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID WATER INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STANDING WAVES; TIO2 RUTILE; SIMULATION; 250-DEGREES-C; MODEL; METAL; OXIDE; CALCIUM AB Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to characterize the microstructure of the interface between aqueous solutions and the (110) surface of rutile (alpha-TiO2) for hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated surfaces, each either neutral or negatively charged. The fully atomistic description of the rutile surface and its interactions with the fluid phase was based on ab initio calculations, while the aqueous phase was described by the SPC/E model and existing parametrizations for Rb+, Na+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Cl- ions. Formation of inner-sphere complexes of cations with surface oxygens was identified for all cations studied. On negatively charged surfaces, Zn2+ is shown to sorb at two bidentate sites, between a bridging and terminal oxygen, and between two terminal oxygens (hydroxylated surface only), while all other cations occupy a tetradentate site, in contact with two terminal and two bridging oxygens in adjacent rows on the crystal surface, and directly above an additional triply coordinated oxygen in the Ti-O surface plane. These differences in inner-sphere binding configuration appear to be related to the bare ionic radii of the cations. Simulation results agree very well with X-ray standing wave and crystal truncation rod studies of the inner-sphere adsorption sites of the cations Rb+ and Sr2+. MD and X-ray results for Zn2+ adsorption are qualitatively consistent, but important differences in adsorption heights are discussed. Both MD simulations and X-ray studies indicate that, on rutile (110), interaction of Cl- with neutral and negatively charged surfaces and with sorbed, multivalent cations is minimal. The hydroxylated surface gives better agreement with experiments than the nonhydroxylated surface and is therefore inferred to be the dominant surface in contact with aqueous solutions at ambient conditions. At the negative, hydroxylated surface, the MD results indicate that Sr2+ and Ca2+ also form outer-sphere species that are laterally ordered with respect to the crystal surface structure, though these are much less abundant than the inner-sphere species. At positively charged hydroxylated surfaces, MD simulations indicate Cl- adsorption in the tetradentate site 4.3 Angstrom above the surface, with longer-range ordering of ions and water molecules than was observed on neutral or negatively charged surfaces. The adsorption geometries of ions are not sensitive to an increase of temperature to 448 K. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ S Bohemia, Fac Hlth & Social Studies, Dept Hlth Phys & Biophys, Ceske Budejovice 37004, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Predota, M (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. EM predota@icpf.cas.cz RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Zhang, Zhan/A-9830-2008; Predota, Milan/A-2256-2009 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Fenter, Paul/0000-0002-6672-9748; Zhang, Zhan/0000-0002-7618-6134; Predota, Milan/0000-0003-3902-0992 NR 33 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 32 BP 12061 EP 12072 DI 10.1021/jp037199x PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 844TJ UT WOS:000223182900029 ER PT J AU Sutin, N Brunschwig, BS Creutz, C Feldberg, SW AF Sutin, N Brunschwig, BS Creutz, C Feldberg, SW TI Implications of an electron-hopping model for charge transport through donor-bridge-acceptor assemblies connected to metal electrodes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR WIRE JUNCTIONS; TRANSFER KINETICS; MIDWAY MOLECULE; CONDUCTANCE; MONOLAYERS; SUPEREXCHANGE; RECTIFICATION; EXCHANGE; RANGE; RATES AB An electron-hopping model for electrode-to-electrode charge transport through donor-bridge-acceptor assemblies (J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 10687) is further developed by detailed electrostatic analysis of the assembly and treatment of the steady-state kinetics. Charge transport between the two electrodes proceeds via the D-B-A bridges: D transfers an electron to A through the bridge. The newly formed D+ and A(-) are then rapidly reduced and oxidized, respectively, at the electrodes giving rise to a steady state in which the current depends on the rate of electron transfer from D to A. The driving force dependence of the nuclear factor for the D to A electron transfer results in the current through the D-B-A bridge increasing with applied voltage (positive differential conductance) in the normal free-energy region but decreasing in the inverted region (negative differential conductance). The electronic factors can be manipulated by changing the separations between the electrodes and DBA or the length of B or by changing the nature of the bridge material. Decreasing the electronic factor for D to A electron transfer decreases the flux at a given applied voltage in the normal region, but the effect is much greater in the inverted region. Possible parallel tunneling and electron hopping mechanisms that could contribute to the current and interfere with the region of negative differential resistance are analyzed in detail. For the coupled electron-transfer sequence considered here, changing electronic factors result in dramatic shifts of the reaction profile. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Sutin, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Brunschwig, Bruce/G-4249-2011 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 32 BP 12092 EP 12102 DI 10.1021/jp048133k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 844TJ UT WOS:000223182900032 ER PT J AU Roth, EP Doughty, DH Franklin, J AF Roth, EP Doughty, DH Franklin, J TI DSC investigation of exothermic reactions occurring at elevated temperatures in lithium-ion anodes containing PVDF-based binders SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; thermal abuse; DSC; PVDF; binder; anode ID ACCELERATING RATE CALORIMETRY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; THERMAL-STABILITY; INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; CELLS; ELECTROLYTE; BATTERIES; CARBON; SAFETY AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to measure the thermal interactions between several binder materials and representative anode carbons both in the presence of cell electrolyte (EC:DEC/1M LiPF6 + 2 wt.% vinylene carbonate) and after washing/drying. Binders consisting of homo- or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) were examined as well as other fluorinated and non-fluorinated binder materials. The heat evolved by the reactions of these materials was compared to that arising from other exothermic phenomena occurring in charged anodes at elevated temperatures. A matrix of anode material combinations was designed to investigate the role of carbon structure, carbon surface area, state of charge, binder level and presence of electrolyte. The temperature and magnitude of the exothermic reactions were measured up to 375degreesC and average enthalpy values were obtained over several duplicate samples to allow good quantitative comparison of the material reactions. The exothermic anode reactions were sensitive to the state of charge and presence of electrolyte. The magnitude of the reactions increased with increasing surface area of the carbon particles. However, similar reaction enthalpies were seen for all binder materials and binder levels. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery R&D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Solvay Res & Technol, Brussels, Belgium. RP Roth, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery R&D Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eproth@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 15 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 2 BP 222 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.074 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 845BD UT WOS:000223209700009 ER PT J AU Striebel, KA Sierra, A Shim, J Wang, CW Sastry, AM AF Striebel, KA Sierra, A Shim, J Wang, CW Sastry, AM TI The effect of compression on natural graphite anode performance and matrix conductivity SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE carbon-coated graphite; lithium-ion batteries; cyclability ID LI-ION BATTERIES; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY LOSS; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; ELECTRODE DENSITY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; PARTICLE-SIZE; MECHANISM; SALT AB Anodes for lithium-ion cells were constructed from three types of natural graphite, two coated spherical and one flaky. Anode samples were compressed from 0 to 300 kg/cm(2) and cycled in half-cells to study the relations between anode density, SEI formation and anode cyclability. The C/25 formation of the SEI layer was found to depend on the nature of the graphite and the anode density. Compression of the uncoated graphite lead to an increased conductivity, but only slight improvements in the efficiency of the formation process. Compression of the anodes made from the amorphous-carbon-coated graphites greatly improved both the reversible capacity and first-cycle efficiency. In addition, the fraction of the irreversible charge associated with the surface of the graphite increased with compression, from both an increase in the electrolyte contact as well as compression of the amorphous layer. The cyclability of all of the anodes tended to improve with compression. This suggests that it is the improvement in the conductivity of the anode plays more of a role in the improvement in the cyclability than the formation process. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Striebel, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kastriebel@lbl.gov RI Shin, Hosop/B-7381-2015 NR 24 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 2 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.052 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 845BD UT WOS:000223209700011 ER PT J AU Zhuang, GV Chen, GY Shim, J Song, XY Ross, PN Richardson, TJ AF Zhuang, GV Chen, GY Shim, J Song, XY Ross, PN Richardson, TJ TI Li2CO3 in LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes and its effects on capacity and power SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; battery power; battery capacity; power fade; capacity fade ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; SURFACE; PERFORMANCE; LICOO2; LINIO2; LI; NI AB Lithium carbonate is commonly found on the surfaces of lithiated cathode active materials that have been exposed to air. Long-term exposure of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 electrodes produced a dense Li2CO3 coating, approximately 10 nm in thickness that severely reduced both the accessible capacity and the rate at which the electrodes could be cycled. Ex situ X-ray diffraction patterns of cycled electrodes revealed a bimodal distribution of active material in different states of charge. Particle isolation is proposed to contribute to both capacity and power losses, and possible mechanisms related to the formation of Li2CO3 are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Richardson, TJ (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tjrichardson@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 15 U2 125 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 2 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.030 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 845BD UT WOS:000223209700015 ER PT J AU Mavis, B Akinc, M AF Mavis, B Akinc, M TI Three-component layer double hydroxides by urea precipitation: structural stability and electrochemistry SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE nickel hydroxide; layer double hydroxides; urea precipitation; FTIR; electrochemistry ID SUBSTITUTED NICKEL-HYDROXIDE; ALKALINE SECONDARY CELLS; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; KOH MEDIUM; COBALT; DECOMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; HYDROLYSIS; ROUTE; IONS AB Three-component layer double hydroxides (LDHs) with varying compositions were produced by urea precipitation, and tested for their stability and electrochemical performance. Optimum initial metal ion concentrations in the starting solutions were established. Initial Al3+ concentration in the solution needs to be at least 0.015 M for the LDH formation. From the solutions with initial Al3+ concentration of 0.025 M, higher fractions of Ni2+ and Co2+ Could be recovered. Co2+ could be incorporated at various levels without disturbing the LDH structure. LDH structure proved stable once it formed. Cyanate in the LDHs was dominantly N-bonded which contributed to the stability of the structure. Highest specific discharge capacity delivered by a LDH was 336 mAh/g, which was about 30% higher than that by beta-Ni(OH)(2). LDHs reached their stable capacities at a lower rate than either beta-Ni(OH)(2) or the interstratified-Ni(OH)(2) (alpha + beta). The interstratified. sample delivered the highest capacity compared to any of the tested compositions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Akinc, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 3053 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM makinc@iastate.edu RI Mavis, Bora/C-3457-2008 OI Mavis, Bora/0000-0001-8275-3759 NR 42 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 134 IS 2 BP 308 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.056 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 845BD UT WOS:000223209700017 ER PT J AU Barrett, CL Chen, WYC Zheng, MJ AF Barrett, CL Chen, WYC Zheng, MJ TI Discrete dynamical systems on graphs and Boolean functions SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE parallel dynamical system (PDS); sequential dynamical system (SDS); garden-of-eden (GOE); state space; fixed; point; periodic point ID ACYCLIC ORIENTATIONS; SIMULATION; ELEMENTS; EQUIVALENCE AB Discrete dynamical systems based on dependency graphs have played an important role in the mathematical theory of computer simulations. In this paper, we are concerned with parallel dynamical systems (PDS) and sequential dynamical systems'(SDS) with the OR and NOR functions as local functions. It has been recognized by Barrett, Mortveit and Reidys that SDS with the NOR function are closely related to combinatorial properties of the dependency graphs. We present an evaluation scheme for systems with the OR and NOR functions which can be used to clarify some basic properties of the dynamical systems. We show that for forests that does not contain a single edge the number of orientations equals the number of different OR-SDS. (C) 2004 IMACS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nankai Univ, Ctr Combinator, LPMC, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 5, MS M997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zheng, MJ (reprint author), Nankai Univ, Ctr Combinator, LPMC, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. EM barrett@lanl.gov; chen@nankai.edu.cn; jzheng@eyou.com NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 66 IS 6 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2004.03.003 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 846QL UT WOS:000223330600004 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA AF Somorjai, GA TI On the move SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7001 BP 730 EP 730 DI 10.1038/430730a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 845HS UT WOS:000223233600022 PM 15306789 ER PT J AU Haeni, JH Irvin, P Chang, W Uecker, R Reiche, P Li, YL Choudhury, S Tian, W Hawley, ME Craigo, B Tagantsev, AK Pan, XQ Streiffer, SK Chen, LQ Kirchoefer, SW Levy, J Schlom, DG AF Haeni, JH Irvin, P Chang, W Uecker, R Reiche, P Li, YL Choudhury, S Tian, W Hawley, ME Craigo, B Tagantsev, AK Pan, XQ Streiffer, SK Chen, LQ Kirchoefer, SW Levy, J Schlom, DG TI Room-temperature ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO3 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MICROWAVE DEVICES; TRANSITION AB Systems with a ferroelectric to paraelectric transition in the vicinity of room temperature are useful for devices. Adjusting the ferroelectric transition temperature (T-c) is traditionally accomplished by chemical substitution - as in BaxSr1-xTiO3, the material widely investigated for microwave devices in which the dielectric constant (epsilon(r)) at GHz frequencies is tuned by applying a quasi-static electric field(1,2). Heterogeneity associated with chemical substitution in such films, however, can broaden this phase transition by hundreds of degrees(3), which is detrimental to tunability and microwave device performance. An alternative way to adjust Tc in ferroelectric films is strain(4-8). Here we show that epitaxial strain from a newly developed substrate can be harnessed to increase Tc by hundreds of degrees and produce room-temperature ferroelectricity in strontium titanate, a material that is not normally ferroelectric at any temperature. This strain-induced enhancement in T-c is the largest ever reported. Spatially resolved images of the local polarization state reveal a uniformity that far exceeds films tailored by chemical substitution. The high er at room temperature in these films ( nearly 7,000 at 10 GHz) and its sharp dependence on electric field are promising for device applications(1,2). C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Inst Crystal Growth, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div MST8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Motorola Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Ceram, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM schlom@ems.psu.edu RI Choudhury, Samrat/B-4115-2009; Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Tagantsev, Alexander/E-3707-2010; Irvin, Patrick/E-2159-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Irvin, Patrick/0000-0002-0248-2758; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 NR 31 TC 1020 Z9 1025 U1 58 U2 519 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7001 BP 758 EP 761 DI 10.1038/nature02773 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 845HS UT WOS:000223233600035 PM 15306803 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, A Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, A De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, E Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hillert, S Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Polini, A Raval, A Rurua, L Schneekloth, U Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Walsh, R Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazques, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, A Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, A De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, E Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hillert, S Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Polini, A Raval, A Rurua, L Schneekloth, U Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bell, M Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Walsh, R Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grijpink, S Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazques, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Observation of isolated high-E-T photons in deep inelastic scattering SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; CROSS-SECTION; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; PROMPT PHOTONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; EVENT GENERATOR; GLOBAL ANALYSIS AB First measurements of cross sections for isolated prompt photon production in deep inelastic ep scattering have been made using the ZEUS detector at the HERA electron-proton collider using an integrated luminosity of 121 pb(-1). A signal for isolated photons in the transverse energy and rapidity ranges 5 < E-T(y) < 10 GeV and -0.7 < eta(gamma) < 0.9 was observed for virtualities of T the exchanged photon of Q(2) > 35 GeV2. Cross sections are presented for inclusive prompt photons and for those accompanied by a single jet in the range E-jet(T) greater than or equal to 6 GeV and 1.5 less than or equal to eta(jet) < 1.8. Calculations at order alpha(3)alpha(s), describe the data reasonably well. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsch Elektron Synchrotron, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rik.yoshida@desy.de RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 595 BP 86 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.033 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 844FO UT WOS:000223143300013 ER PT J AU Kuhn, J Adams, GS Adams, T Bar-Yam, Z Bishop, JM Bodyagin, VA Brown, DS Cason, NM Chung, SU Cummings, JP Danyo, K Demianov, AI Denisov, SP Dorofeev, V Dowd, JP Eugenio, P Fan, XL Gribushin, AM Hackenburg, RW Hayek, M Hu, J Ivanov, EI Joffe, D Kachaev, I Kern, W King, E Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Lipaev, VV LoSecco, JM Lu, M Manak, JJ Napolitano, J Nozar, M Olchanski, C Ostrovidov, AI Pedlar, TK Popov, AV Ryabchikov, DI Sarycheva, LI Seth, KK Shenhav, N Shen, X Shephard, WD Sinev, NB Stienike, DL Suh, JS Taegar, SA Tomaradze, A Vardanyan, IN Weygand, DP White, DB Willutzki, HJ Witkowski, M Yershov, AA AF Kuhn, J Adams, GS Adams, T Bar-Yam, Z Bishop, JM Bodyagin, VA Brown, DS Cason, NM Chung, SU Cummings, JP Danyo, K Demianov, AI Denisov, SP Dorofeev, V Dowd, JP Eugenio, P Fan, XL Gribushin, AM Hackenburg, RW Hayek, M Hu, J Ivanov, EI Joffe, D Kachaev, I Kern, W King, E Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Lipaev, VV LoSecco, JM Lu, M Manak, JJ Napolitano, J Nozar, M Olchanski, C Ostrovidov, AI Pedlar, TK Popov, AV Ryabchikov, DI Sarycheva, LI Seth, KK Shenhav, N Shen, X Shephard, WD Sinev, NB Stienike, DL Suh, JS Taegar, SA Tomaradze, A Vardanyan, IN Weygand, DP White, DB Willutzki, HJ Witkowski, M Yershov, AA CA E852 Collaboration TI Exotic meson production in the f(1)(1285)pi(-) system observed in the reaction pi(-)p ->eta pi(+)pi(-)pi(-)p at 18 GeV/c SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HYBRID MESONS; MODEL; FORMALISM; MATRIX; DECAY; STATE AB This Letter reports results from the partial wave analysis of the pi(-)pi(-)pi(+)eta final state in pi(-)p collisions at 18 GeV/c. Strong evidence is observed for production of two mesons with exotic quantum numbers of spin, parity and charge conjugation, J(PC) = 1(-+) in the decay channel f(1) (1285)pi(-). The mass M = 1709 +/- 24 +/- 41 MeV/c(2) and width F = 403 +/- 80 +/- 115 MeV/c(2) of the first state are consistent with the parameters of the previously observed pi(1) (1600). The second resonance with mass M = 2001 +/- 30 +/- 92 MeV/c(2) and width F = 333 +/- 52 +/- 49 MeV/c(2) agrees very well with predictions from theoretical models. In addition, the presence Of pi(2)(1900) is confirmed with mass M = 2003 +/- 88 +/- 148 MeV/c(2) and width F = 306 +/- 132 +/- 121 MeV/c(2) and a new state, a(1) (2096), is observed with mass M = 2096 +/- 17 +/- 121 MeV/c(2) and width Gamma = 451 +/- 41 +/- 81 MeV/c(2). The decay properties of these last two states are consistent with flux tube model predictions for hybrid mesons with non-exotic quantum numbers. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Russia. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RAFAEL, IL-31021 Haifa, Israel. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Kuhn, J (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM kuhnj@ernest.phys.cmu.edu RI Demianov, Andrei/E-4565-2012; Vardanyan, Irina/K-7981-2012; Gribushin, Andrei/J-4225-2012 NR 28 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 595 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.032 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 844FO UT WOS:000223143300015 ER PT J AU Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CR Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, V LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M 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Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Thompson, M Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Vandermolen, AM Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN AF Adler, C Ahammed, Z Allgower, C Amonett, J Anderson, BD Anderson, M Averichev, GS Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Boucham, A Brandin, A Bravar, A Cadman, RV Caines, H Calderon de la Barca Sanchez, M Cardenas, A Carroll, J Castillo, J Castro, M Cebra, D Chaloupka, P Chattopadhyay, S Chen, Y Chernenko, SP Cherney, M Chikanian, A Choi, B Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Deng, WS Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Draper, JE Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Eckardt, V Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Fachini, P Faine, V Filimonov, K Finch, E Fisyak, Y Flierl, D Foley, KJ Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gagunashvili, N Gans, J Gaudichet, L Germain, M Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Grachov, O Grigoriev, V Guedon, M Gushin, E Hallman, TJ Hardtke, D Harris, JW Henry, TW Heppelmann, S Herston, T Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Horsley, M Huang, HZ Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Ivanshin, YI Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Johnson, I Jones, PG Judd, EG Kaneta, M Kaplan, M Keane, D Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Konstantinov, AS Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kovalenko, AD Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kunde, GJ Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lakehal-Ayat, L Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Lansdell, CR Lasiuk, B Laue, F Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Leontiev, V LeVine, MJ Li, Q Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, Z Liu, QJ Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ LoCurto, G Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, J Majka, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, J Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Messer, M Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mitchell, J Moiseenko, VA Moore, CF Morozov, V DeMoura, MM Munhoz, MG Nelson, JM Nevski, P Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Norman, B Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Paic, G Pandey, SU Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Perevoztchikov, V Peryt, W Petrov, VA Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potrebenikova, E Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevski, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Rykov, V Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Saulys, AC Savin, I Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schuttauf, A Schweda, K Seger, J Seliverstov, D Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shestermanov, KE Shimanskii, SS Shvetcov, VS Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stephenson, EJ Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Struck, C Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Thomas, JH Thompson, M Tikhomirov, V Tokarev, M Tonjes, MB Trainor, TA Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Trofimov, V Tsai, O Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Van Buren, G Vandermolen, AM Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vigdor, SE Voloshin, SA Wang, F Ward, H Watson, JW Wells, R Westfall, GD Whitten, C Wieman, H Willson, R Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Xu, N Xu, Z Yakutin, AE Yamamoto, E Yang, J Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevski, YV Zborovsky, I Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zoulkarneev, R Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Kaon production and kaon to pion ratio in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-s=130 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS AU REACTIONS; STRANGENESS PRODUCTION; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; EXCITATION-FUNCTION; CHARGED KAON; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENHANCEMENT; MIDRAPIDITY AB Mid-rapidity transverse mass spectra and multiplicity densities of charged and neutral kaons are reported for Au + Au collisions at root(s)NN = 130 GeV at RHIC. The spectra are exponential in transverse mass, with an inverse slope of about 280 MeV in central collisions. The multiplicity densities for these particles scale with the negative hadron pseudo-rapidity density. The charged kaon to pion ratios are K+/pi(-) = 0.161 +/- 0.002(stat) +/-0.024(syst) and K-/pi(-) = 0. 146 +/- 0.002(stat) +/-0.022(syst) for the most central collisions. The K+/pi(-) ratio is lower than the same ratio observed at the SPS while the K-/pi(-) is higher than the SPS result. The ratios are enhanced by about 50% relative to p + p and 0 + p collision data at similar energies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energy, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Particle Phys Lab, Dubna, Russia. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU, HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Adler, C (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. EM fqwang@physics.purdue.edu RI Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Johnson, Ian/I-2439-2013; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Zborovsky, Imrich/G-7964-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Nevski, Pavel/M-6292-2015; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345 NR 46 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 595 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.06.044 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 844FO UT WOS:000223143300019 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN TI High-(pT) hadron spectra, azimuthal anisotropy and back-to-back correlations in high-energy heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; ASYMMETRY; A+A AB The observed suppression of high-(PT) hadron spectra, finite azimuthal anisotropy, disappearance of jet-like back-to-back correlations, and their centrality dependence in Au + An collisions at RHIC are shown to be quantitatively described by jet quenching within a pQCD parton model. The difference between h(+/-) and pi(0) suppression in intermediate PT is consistent with the observed (K + p)/pi enhancement which should disappear at P-T > 6 GeV/c. The suppression of back-to-back correlations is shown to be directly related to the medium modification of jet fragmentation functions (FF) similar to direct-photon triggered FF's. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xnwang@lbl.gov OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 35 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 595 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.physlrtb.2004.05.021 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 844FO UT WOS:000223143300022 ER PT J AU Steffens, FM Thomas, AW Tsushima, K AF Steffens, FM Thomas, AW Tsushima, K TI Quark distributions in a medium SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID EXTENDED NJL MODEL; NUCLEAR-MATTER; FINITE NUCLEI; PROGRESS AB We derive the formal expressions needed to discuss the change of the twist-two parton distribution functions when a hadron is placed in a medium with relativistic scalar and vector mean fields. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mackenzie Univ, FCBEE, BR-01302907 Sao Paulo, Brazil. UNESP, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Steffens, FM (reprint author), Mackenzie Univ, FCBEE, Rua Consolacao 930, BR-01302907 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM fsteffen@ift.unesp.br RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 12 PY 2004 VL 595 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.06.042 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 844FO UT WOS:000223143300032 ER PT J AU Taatjes, CA Osborn, DL Cool, TA Nakajima, K AF Taatjes, CA Osborn, DL Cool, TA Nakajima, K TI Synchrotron photoionization measurements of combustion intermediates: the photolonization efficiency of HONO SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-ACID; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; ROVIBRATIONAL PARAMETERS; ENERGY SURFACE; AB-INITIO; NO2; ISOMERIZATION; DIOXIDE; ISOMERS; EXHAUST AB The HONO radical has recently been observed by photoionization mass spectrometry in low-pressure hydrogen-oxygen flames doped with NO2. The photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectrum has been measured between 10.83 and 11.63 eV. A Franck-Condon simulation using calculated geometries and force constants of the cation and neutral, and including the effects of Duschinsky rotation, is presented to describe the PIE as a function of photon energy. The simulated PIE is used as a fitting function to estimate the adiabatic ionization potential from the experimental data. The apparent ionization threshold of (10.97 +/- 0.03) eV is in excellent agreement with calculated values and is consistent with published bracketing determinations of the proton affinity of NO2. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Taatjes, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cataatj@sandia.gov; tac13@cornell.edu RI Osborn, David/A-2627-2009 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 394 IS 1-3 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j/cplett.2004.06.103 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 845KQ UT WOS:000223241800004 ER PT J AU Bagus, PS Broer, R Ilton, ES AF Bagus, PS Broer, R Ilton, ES TI A new near degeneracy effect for photoemission in transition metals SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLET STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 3S PHOTOEMISSION; VACANCY LEVELS; SATELLITES; FE; SPECTROSCOPY; DIHALIDES; NIO AB A previously neglected intra-atomic many-body effect has important consequences for the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of transition metal atoms and cations. This effect involves configurations where one elctron is promoted to a 4f orbital and another is dropped to fill the XPS hole; this can be viewed as a frustrated Auger configuration (FAC). The identification of this FAC is a major advance in the understanding of many-body effects in XPS. Its use affects the multiplet splitting and the absolute binding energy; it can also lead to new satellite structure. Furthermore, it is expected to be generally important. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Groningen, Dept Chem Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bagus, PS (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, POB 30012, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM bagus@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Bagus, Paul/M-1273-2015 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 394 IS 1-3 BP 150 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.120 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 845KQ UT WOS:000223241800029 ER PT J AU Landa, A Soderlind, P AF Landa, A Soderlind, P TI First-principles calculations of stability of delta-Pu-Am alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE delta-Pu-Am; magnetism ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PHASE-DIAGRAM; 5F ELECTRONS; TOTAL-ENERGY; PLUTONIUM; APPROXIMATION; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCHANGE AB First-principles methods are employed to study the ground-state properties of Pu-Am systems. Calculated density of delta-Pu-100-Am-c(c) alloys (c = 30 at.%) agrees well with the experimental data. The paramagnetic (PM) --> antiferromagnetic (AF) transition temperature (T-c) of Pu-100-Am-c(c) alloys is calculated by the Monte Carlo technique. By introducing Am into the system, one could lower T-c from similar to548 K (pure Pu) to 372 K (Pu70Am30). We also found that, contrary to pure Pu where this transition destabilizes the delta-phase, Pu3Am compound remains stable in the antiferromagnetic phase that correlates with recent discovery of a Curie-Weiss behavior in Pu-100-Am-c(c) system at c approximate to 24 at.%. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Landa, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM landa1@llnl.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 376 IS 1-2 BP 62 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.01.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 842SV UT WOS:000223025400014 ER PT J AU Shan, W Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Ager, JW Haller, EE AF Shan, W Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Wu, J Ager, JW Haller, EE TI Band anticrossing in dilute nitrides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; N ION-IMPLANTATION; THIN-FILMS; GAP ENERGY; COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MUTUAL PASSIVATION; GAINNAS ALLOYS; QUANTUM-WELLS AB Alloying III-V compounds with small amounts of nitrogen leads to a dramatic reduction of the fundamental band-gap energy in the resulting dilute nitride alloys. The effect originates from an anticrossing interaction between the extended conduction-band states and localized N states. The interaction splits the conduction band into two non-parabolic subbands. The downward shift of the lower conduction subband edge is responsible for the N-induced reduction of the fundamental band-gap energy. The changes in the conduction band structure result in a significant increase in electron effective mass and a decrease in the electron mobility, and lead to a large enhancement of the maximum doping level in GaInNAs doped with group VI donors. In addition, a striking asymmetry in the electrical activation of group IV and group VI donors can be attributed to mutual passivation process through formation of the nearest neighbour group-IV donor nitrogen pairs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 63 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 31 SI SI BP S3355 EP S3372 AR PII S0953-8984(04)73845-X DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/31/024 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 850JM UT WOS:000223607200025 ER PT J AU Jang, SY Marquez, M Sotzing, GA AF Jang, SY Marquez, M Sotzing, GA TI Rapid direct nanowriting of conductive polymer via electrochemical oxidative nanolithography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; CROSS-LINKING; FABRICATION; SURFACES; POLY(THIOPHENE); NANOSTRUCTURES; MICROSCOPE; DEPOSITION; NANOWIRES; DEVICES C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Res & Dev, Nanotechnol Lab, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sotzing, GA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM sotzing@mail.ims.uconn.edu NR 22 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 31 BP 9476 EP 9477 DI 10.1021/ja047766+ PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 843TS UT WOS:000223110100005 PM 15291516 ER PT J AU Keizer, TS Sauer, NN McCleskey, TM AF Keizer, TS Sauer, NN McCleskey, TM TI Designer ligands for beryllium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DISEASE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C SIC,Mail Stop J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tmark@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; OI Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 31 BP 9484 EP 9485 DI 10.1021/ja047637t PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 843TS UT WOS:000223110100009 PM 15291520 ER PT J AU Liu, JS Kadnikova, EN Liu, YX McGehee, MD Frechet, JMJ AF Liu, JS Kadnikova, EN Liu, YX McGehee, MD Frechet, JMJ TI Polythiophene containing thermally removable solubilizing groups enhances the interface and the performance of polymer-titania hybrid solar cells SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; PENTACENE PRECURSOR; LIGHT; CONVERSION C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 19 TC 188 Z9 190 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 31 BP 9486 EP 9487 DI 10.1021/ja047452m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 843TS UT WOS:000223110100010 PM 15291521 ER PT J AU Erdogdu, P Lahav, O Zaroubi, S Efstathiou, G Moody, S Peacock, JA Colless, M Baldry, IK Baugh, CM Bland-Hawthorn, J Bridges, T Cannon, R Cole, S Collins, C Couch, W Dalton, G De Propris, R Driver, SP Ellis, RS Frenk, CS Glazebrook, K Jackson, C Lewis, I Lumsden, S Maddox, S Madgwick, D Norberg, P Peterson, BA Sutherland, W Taylor, K AF Erdogdu, P Lahav, O Zaroubi, S Efstathiou, G Moody, S Peacock, JA Colless, M Baldry, IK Baugh, CM Bland-Hawthorn, J Bridges, T Cannon, R Cole, S Collins, C Couch, W Dalton, G De Propris, R Driver, SP Ellis, RS Frenk, CS Glazebrook, K Jackson, C Lewis, I Lumsden, S Maddox, S Madgwick, D Norberg, P Peterson, BA Sutherland, W Taylor, K CA 2dFGRS Team TI The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Wiener reconstruction of the cosmic web SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : statistical; galaxies : distances and redshifts; large-scale structure Universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; POWER SPECTRUM; VELOCITY-FIELDS; DENSITY FIELD; UNIVERSE; SPACE; CLUSTERS; SUPERCLUSTERS; BIAS AB We reconstruct the underlying density field of the Two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) for the redshift range 0.035 < z < 0.200 using the Wiener filtering method. The Wiener filter suppresses shot noise and accounts for selection and incompleteness effects. The method relies on prior knowledge of the 2dF power spectrum of fluctuations and the combination of matter density and bias parameters, however the results are only slightly affected by changes to these parameters. We present maps of the density field. We use a variable smoothing technique with two different effective resolutions: 5 and 10 h(-1) Mpc at the median redshift of the survey. We identify all major superclusters and voids in the survey. In particular, we find two large superclusters and two large local voids. The full set of colour maps can be viewed on the World Wide Web at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/pirin. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead L14 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ New S Wales, Dept Astrophys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2111, Australia. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91025 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21118 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Phys, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETH Honggerberg, ETHZ Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Erdogdu, P (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM pirin@ast.cam.ac.uk RI Baugh, Carlton/A-8482-2012; Jackson, Carole/K-1648-2013; Driver, Simon/H-9115-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Baugh, Carlton/0000-0002-9935-9755; Jackson, Carole/0000-0002-7089-8827; Driver, Simon/0000-0001-9491-7327; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Colless, Matthew/0000-0001-9552-8075; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Maddox, Stephen/0000-0001-5549-195X NR 53 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 352 IS 3 BP 939 EP 960 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07984.x PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 842VH UT WOS:000223032000025 ER PT J AU Rumolo, G Tomas, R AF Rumolo, G Tomas, R TI Decoherence of a longitudinally kicked beam with chromaticity SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE decoherence; chromaticity; optics; non-linear theory AB In this report a method to measure the machine chromaticity is presented. This method consists in applying a longitudinal kick to the beam and computing the Fourier transform of the transverse turn-by-turn position. Analytical expressions for the Fourier transform are derived, which show how the chromaticity can be inferred from the synchrotron sidebands. Multiparticle simulations are also performed to validate the analytical expressions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11073 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Tomas, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 911B, Upton, NY 11073 USA. EM G.Rumolo@gsi.de; rtomas@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 528 IS 3 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.206 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 845PI UT WOS:000223256400002 ER PT J AU Muhrer, G Stupnik, A Schachinger, E AF Muhrer, G Stupnik, A Schachinger, E TI A new implementation of scattering kernels in MCNPX SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE scattering kernel; hydrogen; MCNPX; NJOY AB With the increased demand for cold neutrons the designers of cold sources are challenged to improve the quality of theoretical predictions of the behavior of such sources. This challenge can be met by improving codes like MCNPX or by improving the physics behind the codes. This paper discusses the impact improving the code has on the results of calculations in comparison with experiment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Graz Univ Technol, Inst Theoret & Computat Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Muhrer, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Mailstop H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM muhrer@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 528 IS 3 BP 707 EP 716 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.03.204 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 845PI UT WOS:000223256400004 ER PT J AU Indurthy, D Erwin, AR Harris, DA Kopp, SE Proga, M Zwaska, RM AF Indurthy, D Erwin, AR Harris, DA Kopp, SE Proga, M Zwaska, RM TI Study of neutron-induced ionization in helium and argon chamber gases SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE ionization chambers; neutron scattering; elastic scattering; electrical phenomena in gases ID FLUX MEASUREMENT; BEAM; BE-9(ALPHA AB We present studies of helium- and argon-filled ionization chambers exposed to intense neutron fluxes from PuBe neutron sources (E-n = 1-10 MeV). The sources emit about 108 neutrons per second. The number of ion pairs in the chamber gas volume per incident neutron is derived. While limited in precision because of a large gamma ray background from the PuBe sources, our results are consistent with the expectation that the neutrons interact purely elastically in the chamber gas. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM kopp@mail.hep.utexas.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 528 IS 3 BP 731 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.210 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 845PI UT WOS:000223256400007 ER PT J AU Sherby, OD Goldberg, A Ruano, OA AF Sherby, OD Goldberg, A Ruano, OA TI Solute-diffusion-controlled dislocation creep in pure aluminium containing 0.026 at.% Fe SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SUBGRAIN SIZE; TEMPERATURE; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Pure aluminium containing about 200 at. ppm Fe in solution is shown to creep about 10 6 times slower at 200 degreesC than the same aluminium containing a negligible amount of iron in solution. The high creep resistance of the Al-200 at. ppm Fe alloy is attributed to the presence of subgrain boundaries containing iron solute atoms. It is proposed that the opposing stress fields from subgrain boundaries and from the piled-up dislocations during creep are cyclically relaxed, by iron solute diffusion, to allow climb of the lead dislocation in the pile-up. The mechanism is a form of mechanical ratcheting. The model is applied to Al-Fe alloys and correctly predicts that the creep rate is controlled by the rate of iron solute diffusion and by a temperature dependence equal to the activation energy for iron diffusion, namely Q(c) = 221 kJ mol(-1). Basic creep studies on solid-solution alloying with solute atoms that diffuse slowly in the lattice of aluminium (e.g. manganese, chromium, titanium and vanadium) appear worthy of study as a way of enhancing creep strength and of understanding creep mechanisms involving solute-atom-containing subgrain boundaries. C1 Consejo Super Invest Cient, Ctr Nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, Madrid 28040, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ruano, OA (reprint author), Consejo Super Invest Cient, Ctr Nacl Invest Met, Dept Met Phys, Ave Gregorio Amo 8, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM ruano@cenim.csic.es RI Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015 OI Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 23 BP 2417 EP 2434 DI 10.1080/14786430410001690006 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 840JG UT WOS:000222854000003 ER PT J AU Deslippe, J Tedstrom, R Daw, MS Chrzan, D Neeraj, T Mills, M AF Deslippe, J Tedstrom, R Daw, MS Chrzan, D Neeraj, T Mills, M TI Dynamic scaling in a simple one-dimensional model of dislocation activity SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB We examine a simple one-dimensional (1D) model of dislocation activity, including a stress-activated source and mutually interacting dislocations. We demonstrate, through numerical and analytical steps, that the dislocations emitted from a 1D stress-activated source evolve towards a distribution which is self-similar in time, and we derive the power-law forms and distribution function. We show that the asymptotic distribution is a step function, and the dislocation front moves out linearly in time. The spacing between dislocations in the asymptotic distribution is uniform and increases logarithmically in time. The number of dislocations increases as t/ln (t), and the strain increases as t(2)/ln (t). C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Daw, MS (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM daw@clemson.edu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD AUG 11 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 23 BP 2445 EP 2454 DI 10.1080/14786430410001690042 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 840JG UT WOS:000222854000005 ER PT J AU Krumholz, MR McKee, CF Klein, RI AF Krumholz, MR McKee, CF Klein, RI TI Embedding Lagrangian sink particles in Eulerian grids SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; shock waves ID BONDI-HOYLE ACCRETION; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; ASTROPHYSICAL FLOWS; STAR-FORMATION; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; LYTTLETON ACCRETION; INTERSTELLAR MATTER; MOLECULAR CLOUDS AB We introduce a new computational method for embedding Lagrangian sink particles into a Eulerian calculation. Simulations of gravitational collapse or accretion generally produce regions whose density greatly exceeds the mean density in the simulation. These dense regions require extremely small time steps to maintain numerical stability. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) codes approach this problem by introducing nongaseous, accreting sink particles, and Eulerian codes may introduce fixed sink cells. However, until now there has been no approach that allows Eulerian codes to follow accretion onto multiple, moving objects. We have removed that limitation by extending the sink particle capability to Eulerian hydrodynamics codes. We have tested this new method and found that it produces excellent agreement with analytic solutions. In analyzing our sink particle method, we present a method for evaluating the disk viscosity parameter alpha due to the numerical viscosity of a hydrodynamics code and use it to compute alpha for our Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code. We also present a simple application of this new method: studying the transition from Bondi to Bondi-Hoyle accretion that occurs when a shock hits a particle undergoing Bondi accretion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys & Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krumholz, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM krumholz@astron.berkeley.edu; cmckee@astron.berkeley.edu; klein@astron.berkeley.edu OI Krumholz, Mark/0000-0003-3893-854X NR 52 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 1 BP 399 EP 412 DI 10.1086/421935 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 845IO UT WOS:000223236000031 ER PT J AU Becker, AC Wittman, DM Boeshaar, PC Clocchiatti, A Dell'Antonio, IP Frail, DA Halpern, J Margoniner, VE Norman, D Tyson, JA Schommer, RA AF Becker, AC Wittman, DM Boeshaar, PC Clocchiatti, A Dell'Antonio, IP Frail, DA Halpern, J Margoniner, VE Norman, D Tyson, JA Schommer, RA TI The Deep Lens Survey transient search. I. Short timescale and astrometric variability SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; minor planets, asteroids; stars : variables : other; supernovae : general; surveys ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; KUIPER-BELT OBJECTS; ORPHAN AFTERGLOWS; SDSS J124602.54+011318.8; DATA REDUCTION; HOST GALAXIES AB We report on the methodology and first results from the Deep Lens Survey (DLS) transient search. We utilize image subtraction on survey data to yield all sources of optical variability down to 24th magnitude. Images are analyzed immediately after acquisition, at the telescope, and in near-real time, to allow for follow-up in the case of time-critical events. All classes of transients are posted to the World Wide Web upon detection. Our observing strategy allows sensitivity to variability over several decades in timescale. The DLS is the first survey to classify and report all types of photometric and astrometric variability detected, including solar system objects, variable stars, supernovae, and short timescale phenomena. Three unusual optical transient (OT) events were detected, flaring on 1000 s timescales. All three events were seen in the B passband, suggesting blue color indices for the phenomena. One event (OT 20020115) is determined to be from a flaring Galactic dwarf star of spectral type dM4. From the remaining two events, we find an overall rate of eta = 1.4 events deg(-2) day(-1) on 1000 s timescales, with a 95% confidence limit of eta < 4.3. One of these events (OT 20010326) originated from a compact precursor in the field of galaxy cluster A1836, and its nature is uncertain. For the second ( OT 20030305) we find strong evidence for an extended extragalactic host. A dearth of such events in the R passband yields an upper 95% confidence limit on short-timescale astronomical variability in the range 19. 5 < M-R < 23.4 of η(R) < 5.2 events deg(-2) day(-1). We report also on our ensemble of astrometrically variable objects, as well as an example of photometric variability with an undetected precursor. C1 Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Drew Univ, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10025 USA. Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Becker, AC (reprint author), Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. EM acbecker@lucent.com; dwittman@lucent.com; boeshaar@physics.ucdavis.edu; aclocchi@astro.puc.cl; ian@het.brown.edu; dfrail@nrao.edu; jules@astro.columbia.edu; vm21@lucent.com; dnorman@ctio.noao.edu; tyson@lucent.com OI Wittman, David/0000-0002-0813-5888 NR 82 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 1 BP 418 EP 433 DI 10.1086/421994 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 845IO UT WOS:000223236000033 ER PT J AU Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Heeter, LA Liedahl, DA Naranjo-Rivera, KL Trabert, E Gu, MF Lepson, JK AF Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Heeter, LA Liedahl, DA Naranjo-Rivera, KL Trabert, E Gu, MF Lepson, JK TI Experimental and theoretical evaluation of density-sensitive N VI, Ar XIV, and Fe XXII line ratios SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; methods : laboratory; Sun : corona; techniques : spectroscopic; X-rays : general ID BEAM ION-TRAP; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET-EXPLORER; X-RAY-SPECTRA; ELECTRON-BEAM; SOLAR-FLARES; EMISSION; TEMPERATURE; CHANDRA; SPECTROMETER; CORONAE AB The line ratios of the 2p-3d transitions in the boron-like spectra Ar XIV and Fe XXII have been measured using the electron beam ion traps at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Radiative-collisional model calculations show these line ratios to be sensitive to the electron density in the ranges n(e) = 10(10)-10(12) cm(-3) and n(e) = 10(13)-10(15) cm(-3), respectively. In our experiment, the electron beam density of about 10(11) cm(-3) was varied by about a factor of 5. Our data show a density effect for the line doublet in Ar XIV, and good agreement with theory is found. The relative intensity of the Fe XXII doublet shows good agreement with our predicted low-density limit. The N VI K-shell spectrum was used to infer the actual electron density in the overlap region of ion cloud and electron beam, and systematic measurements and calculations of this spectrum are presented as well. The Ar XIV and Fe XXII spectra promise to be reliable density diagnostics for stellar coronae, complementing the K-shell diagnostics of helium-like ions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM chen33@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 611 IS 1 BP 598 EP 604 DI 10.1086/421987 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 845IO UT WOS:000223236000047 ER PT J AU Karow, DS Pan, DH Tran, R Pellicena, P Presley, A Mathies, RA Marletta, MA AF Karow, DS Pan, DH Tran, R Pellicena, P Presley, A Mathies, RA Marletta, MA TI Spectroscopic characterization of the soluble guanylate cyclase-like heme domains from Vibrio cholerae and Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA; DISTAL POCKET POLARITY; NITRIC-OXIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; LIGAND-BINDING; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; MYOGLOBIN; OXYGEN; PROTEINS; COMPLEX AB Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a nitric oxide- (NO-) sensing hemoprotein that has been found in eukaryotes from Drosophila to humans. Prokaryotic proteins with significant homology to the heme domain of sGC have recently been identified through genomic analysis. Characterization of two of these proteins is reported here. The first is a 181 amino acid protein cloned from Vibrio cholerae (VCA0720) that is encoded in a histidine kinase-containing operon. The ferrous unligated form of VCA0720 is 5-coordinate, high-spin. The CO complex is low-spin, 6-coordinate, and the NO complex is high-spin and 5-coordinate. These ligand-binding properties are very similar to those of sGC. The second protein is the N-terminal 188 amino acids of Tar4 (TtTar4H), a predicted methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) from the strict anaerobe Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. TtTar4H forms a low-spin, 6-coordinate ferrous-oxy complex, the first of this sGC-related family that binds O-2. TtTar4H has ligand-binding properties similar to those of the heme-containing O-2 sensors such as AxPDEA1. sGC does not bind O-2 despite having a porphyrin with a histidyl ligand like the globins. The results reported here, with sequence-related proteins from prokaryotes but in the same family as the sGC heme domain, show that these proteins have evolved to discriminate between ligands such as NO and O-2; hence, we term this family H-NOX domains (heme-nitric oxide/oxygen). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM068262, F32 GM068262-01] NR 37 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 31 BP 10203 EP 10211 DI 10.1021/bi0493741 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 843XS UT WOS:000223121200028 PM 15287748 ER PT J AU Sokhansanj, BA Fitch, JP Quong, JN Quong, AA AF Sokhansanj, BA Fitch, JP Quong, JN Quong, AA TI Linear fuzzy gene network models obtained from microarray data by exhaustive search SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID YEAST-CELL CYCLE; EXPRESSION DATA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PROTEOME; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; GENOME AB Background: Recent technological advances in high-throughput data collection allow for experimental study of increasingly complex systems on the scale of the whole cellular genome and proteome. Gene network models are needed to interpret the resulting large and complex data sets. Rationally designed perturbations ( e. g., gene knock-outs) can be used to iteratively refine hypothetical models, suggesting an approach for high-throughput biological system analysis. We introduce an approach to gene network modeling based on a scalable linear variant of fuzzy logic: a framework with greater resolution than Boolean logic models, but which, while still semi-quantitative, does not require the precise parameter measurement needed for chemical kinetics-based modeling. Results: We demonstrated our approach with exhaustive search for fuzzy gene interaction models that best fit transcription measurements by microarray of twelve selected genes regulating the yeast cell cycle. Applying an efficient, universally applicable data normalization and fuzzification scheme, the search converged to a small number of models that individually predict experimental data within an error tolerance. Because only gene transcription levels are used to develop the models, they include both direct and indirect regulation of genes. Conclusion: Biological relationships in the best-fitting fuzzy gene network models successfully recover direct and indirect interactions predicted from previous knowledge to result in transcriptional correlation. Fuzzy models fit on one yeast cell cycle data set robustly predict another experimental data set for the same system. Linear fuzzy gene networks and exhaustive rule search are the first steps towards a framework for an integrated modeling and experiment approach to high-throughput "reverse engineering" of complex biological systems. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Computat Syst Biol Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Drexel Univ, Sch Biomed Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Natl Secur Program, Livermore, CA USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Vincent T Lombardi Canc Res Ctr, Dept Oncol, Washington, DC USA. RP Sokhansanj, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Computat Syst Biol Grp, L-235,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sokhansanj@gmail.com; jpfitch@llnl.gov; jnq@georgetown.edu; aaq2@georgetown.edu NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 5 AR 108 DI 10.1186/1471-2105-5-108 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 851BM UT WOS:000223660400001 PM 15304201 ER PT J AU Radlinski, AP Mastalerz, M Hinde, AL Hainbuchner, A Rauch, H Baron, M Lin, JS Fan, L Thiyagarajan, P AF Radlinski, AP Mastalerz, M Hinde, AL Hainbuchner, A Rauch, H Baron, M Lin, JS Fan, L Thiyagarajan, P TI Application of SAXS and SANS in evaluation of porosity, pore size distribution and surface area of coal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SAXS; SANS; porosity; pore size distribution; surface area; coal ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY; FRACTAL GEOMETRY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOURCE ROCKS; METHANE; GENERATION; CHEMISTRY AB This paper discusses the applicability of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques for determining the porosity, pore size distribution and internal specific surface area in coals. The method is noninvasive, fast, inexpensive and does not require complex sample preparation. It uses coal grains of about 0.8 mm size mounted in standard pellets as used for petrographic studies. Assuming spherical pore geometry, the scattering data are converted into the pore size distribution in the size range 1 nm (10 Angstrom) to 20 mum (200,000 Angstrom) in diameter, accounting for both open and closed pores. FTIR as well as SAXS and SANS data for seven samples of oriented whole coals and corresponding pellets with vitrinite reflectance (R-o) values in the range 0.55% to 5.15% are presented and analyzed. Our results demonstrate that pellets adequately represent the average microstructure of coal samples. The scattering data have been used to calculate the maximum surface area available for methane adsorption. Total porosity as percentage of sample volume is calculated and compared with worldwide trends. By demonstrating the applicability of SAXS and SANS techniques to determine the porosity, pore size distribution and surface area in coals, we provide a new and efficient tool, which can be used for any type of coal sample, from a thin slice to a representative sample of a thick seam. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Atominst Osterreich Univ, Vienna, Austria. Inst Max Laue Paul Langevin, Grenoble, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Mastalerz, M (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Indiana Geol Survey, 611 N Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM mmastale@indiana.edu NR 41 TC 125 Z9 134 U1 4 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2004.03.002 PG 27 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 846JH UT WOS:000223311300005 ER PT J AU Martineau, RC Berry, RA AF Martineau, RC Berry, RA TI The pressure-corrected ICE finite element method for compressible flows on unstructured meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ICE; fractional-step; predictor-corrector; pressure Poisson equation; FEM; flux-corrected transport ID FEM-FCT; EULER; FLUID AB A new implicit continuous-fluid Eulerian (ICE) scheme for simulating a wide range of transient and steady, inviscid and viscous compressible flows on unstructured finite elements is presented. This new computational fluid dynamics scheme, termed the pressure-corrected ICE-finite element method (PCICE-FEM), represents an advancement in mass-momentum coupled, pressure-based schemes. The governing hydrodynamic equations for this scheme consist of the conservative forms of the momentum balance (Navier-Stokes), mass conservation, and total energy equations. The PCICE-FEM scheme is developed as a predictor-corrector scheme by performing a fractional-step splitting of the semi-implicit temporal discretization of the governing equations into an explicit predictor phase and a semi-implicit pressure-correction phase coupled by a pressure Poisson solution. The result of this predictor-corrector formulation is that the pressure Poisson equation is provided with sufficient internal energy information to avoid iteration with the semi-implicit pressure-correction equations. The PCICE-FEM scheme combines a modified form of the two-step Taylor-Galerkin FEM scheme as an explicit predictor for the fractional momentum equations and a time-weighted FEM method for the semi-implicit form of the mass conservation and the total energy equations. The PCICE-FEM scheme employs flux-corrected transport (FCT) as a high-resolution filter for shock capturing. The ability of the PCICE-FEM scheme to accurately and efficiently simulate a wide variety of flows from nearly incompressible to highly compressible is demonstrated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Martineau, RC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rcm@inel.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 198 IS 2 BP 659 EP 685 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.01.034 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 845JU UT WOS:000223239500014 ER PT J AU Notz, PK Basaran, OA AF Notz, PK Basaran, OA TI Dynamics and breakup of a contracting liquid filament SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID MOVING BOUNDARY-PROBLEMS; FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; DROP FORMATION; CAPILLARY BREAKUP; PINCH-OFF; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; SATELLITE DROPS; DRIPPING FAUCET; VISCOUS FLOWS; PENDANT DROP AB Contraction of a filament of an incompressible Newtonian liquid in a passive ambient fluid is studied computationally to provide insights into the dynamics of satellite drops created during drop formation. This free boundary problem, which is composed of the Navier-Stokes system and the associated initial and boundary conditions that govern the evolution in time of the filament shape and the velocity and pressure fields within it, is solved by the method of lines incorporating the finite element method for spatial discretization. The finite element algorithm developed here utilizes an adaptive elliptic mesh generation technique that is capable of tracking the dynamics of the filament up to the incipience of pinch-off without the use of remeshing. The correctness of the algorithm is verified by demonstrating that its predictions accord with (a) previously published results of Basaran (1992) on the analysis of finite-amplitude oscillations of viscous drops, (b) simulations of the dynamics of contracting filaments carried out with the well-benchmarked algorithm of Wilkes et al. (1999), and (c) scaling laws governing interface rupture and transitions that can occur from one scaling law to another as pinch-off is approached. In dimensionless form, just two parameters govern the problem: the dimensionless half-length L-o and the Ohnesorge number Oh which measures the relative importance of viscous force to capillary force. Regions of the parameter space are identified where filaments (a) contract to a sphere without breaking into multiple droplets, (b) break via the so-called endpinching mechanism where daughter drops pinch-off from the ends of the main filament, and (c) break after undergoing a series of complex oscillations. Predictions made with the new algorithm are also compared to those made with a model based on the slender-jet approximation. A region of the parameter space is found where the slender-jet approximation fares poorly, and its cause is elucidated by examination of the vorticity dynamics and flow fields within contracting filaments. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 71 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 48 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 512 BP 223 EP 256 DI 10.1017/S0022112004009759 PG 34 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 849UN UT WOS:000223566600010 ER PT J AU Xiao, YP Jacob, DJ Wang, JS Logan, JA Palmer, PI Suntharalingam, P Yantosca, RM Sachse, GW Blake, DR Streets, DG AF Xiao, YP Jacob, DJ Wang, JS Logan, JA Palmer, PI Suntharalingam, P Yantosca, RM Sachse, GW Blake, DR Streets, DG TI Constraints on Asian and European sources of methane from CH4-C2H6-CO correlations in Asian outflow SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE methane; emissions; correlations ID PACIFIC TRACE-P; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CONTINENTAL OUTFLOW; TRANSPORT PATHWAYS AB Aircraft observations of Asian outflow from the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission over the NW Pacific ( March and April 2001) show large CH4 enhancements relative to background, as well as strong CH4-C2H6-CO correlations that provide signatures of regional sources. We apply a global chemical transport model simulation of the CH4-C2H6-CO system for the TRACE-P period to interpret these observations in terms of CH4 sources and to explore in particular the unique constraints from the CH4-C2H6-CO correlations. We use as a priori a global CH4 source inventory constrained with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) surface observations [Wang et al., 2004]. We find that the observed CH4 concentration enhancements and CH4-C2H6-CO correlations in Asian outflow in TRACE-P are determined mainly by anthropogenic emissions from China and Eurasia (defined here as Europe and eastern Russia), with only little contribution from tropical sources (wetlands and biomass burning). The a priori inventory overestimates the observed CH4 enhancements and shows regionally variable biases for the CH4/C2H6 slope. The CH4/CO slopes are simulated without significant bias. Matching both the observed CH4 enhancements and the CH4-C2H6-CO slopes in Asian outflow requires increasing the east Asian anthropogenic source of CH4, and decreasing the Eurasian anthropogenic source, by at least 30% for both. The need to increase the east Asian source is driven by the underestimate of the CH4/C2H6 slope in boundary layer Chinese outflow. The Streets et al. [2003] anthropogenic emission inventory for east Asia fits this constraint by increasing CH4 emissions from that region by 40% relative to the a priori, largely because of higher livestock and landfill source estimates. Eurasian sources (mostly European) then need to be reduced by 30-50% from the a priori value of 68 Tg yr(-1). The decrease of European sources could result in part from recent mitigation of emissions from coal mining and landfills. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Div Engn & Appl Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM xyp@io.harvard.edu; djj@io.harvard.edu; jwang@environmentaldefense.org; jal@io.harvard.edu; pip@io.harvard.edu; pns@io.harvard.edu; bmy@io.harvard.edu; glen.w.sachse@nasa.gov; drblake@uci.edu; dstreets@anl.gov RI Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014 OI Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870 NR 65 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15S16 DI 10.1029/2003JD004475 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846US UT WOS:000223343200001 ER PT J AU Gies, AP Nonidez, WK Anthamatten, M Cook, RC AF Gies, AP Nonidez, WK Anthamatten, M Cook, RC TI A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry study of the imidization of vapor-deposited ODA-PMDA poly(amic acid) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID THIN POLYIMIDE FILMS; SOLID-STATE REACTION; PYROMELLITIC DIANHYDRIDE; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILVER; POLYAMIC ACIDS; POLYMERIZATION; NIF; OXYDIANILINE; ABLATORS; ADHESION AB Polyimides synthesized by vapor deposition have potential uses as gas barriers, dielectric coatings, and fusion laser targets. Efforts to further refine the process dictated an extensive understanding of the imidization of ODA-PMDA poly(amic acid) to ODA-PMDA polyimide. To aid in understanding this process, we have utilized MALDI-TOF MS to identify the products formed at various thermal intervals. The spectra obtained in this study identify critical temperatures of imidization (130-160 degreesC), average molecular mass growth, and previously unreported end group changes from a predominance of ODA in the uncured poly(amic acid) to a predominance of PMDA end groups in the fully cured polyimide. The gases evolved during curing were identified by GC/MS as monomer which was trapped in the solid poly(amic acid) during vapor deposition. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nonidez, WK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM nonidez@uab.edu NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 16 BP 5923 EP 5929 DI 10.1021/ma035911i PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 844LP UT WOS:000223160000018 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Schmidt-Rohr, K AF Chen, Q Schmidt-Rohr, K TI F-19 and C-13 NMR signal assignment and analysis in a perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion) by two-dimensional solid-state NMR SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FLUOROCARBON POLYMERS; ROTATING SOLIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; MEMBRANES; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE); MORPHOLOGY; ANGLE; MAS; CELLS AB The F-19 and C-13 NMR resonances of the perfluorinated ionomer, Nafion, are assigned to their corresponding chemical groups using two-dimensional (2D) C-13-F-19 heteronuclear correlation and F-19-exchange NMR experiments under 28 or 30 kHz magic-angle spinning, combined with peak area and relaxation time information. On the basis of these new experimental data, we revise the assignment of more than half of the resolved F-19 NMR peaks. In particular, the backbone CF group is shown to resonate at -138 ppm, the side-group CF at -144 ppm, and the SCF2 group, which can be selected by a T-2 filter, at -117 ppm. The OCF2 groups resonate slightly downfield from the CF3 fluorines. Deconvolution of the F-19 and C-13 spectra based on cross sections from the 2D spectra provides the peak widths and positions of all side group and several backbone sites. The inhomogeneous broadening observed in both C-13 and F-19 NMR spectra for the sites near the backbone CF group reveals static disorder near the branch point, which contrasts with the high conformational order of the rest of the backbone and the mobility of the ends of the side group. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmidt-Rohr, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM srohr@iastate.edu NR 24 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 16 BP 5995 EP 6003 DI 10.1021/ma049759b PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 844LP UT WOS:000223160000028 ER PT J AU Qu, LW Lin, Y Hill, DE Zhou, B Wang, W Sun, XF Kitaygorodskiy, A Suarez, M Connell, JW Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Qu, LW Lin, Y Hill, DE Zhou, B Wang, W Sun, XF Kitaygorodskiy, A Suarez, M Connell, JW Allard, LF Sun, YP TI Polyimide-functionalized carbon nanotubes: Synthesis and dispersion in nanocomposite films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; COMPOSITES; POLYSTYRENE; SOLUBILIZATION; SONICATION AB In the preparation of high-quality polymeric carbon nanocomposites, the full compatibility of carbon nanotubes as the filler with the matrix polymer is required. For such a purpose, an aminoterminated polyimide, specifically designed to be structurally identical to the matrix polymer, was synthesized and used in the functionalization of carbon nanotubes. The functionalized carbon nanotube samples were analyzed and studied by using a series of techniques, and the results are presented and discussed. These nanotube samples and the matrix polyimide are soluble in the same organic solvents, allowing their intimate mixing in solution and the subsequent fabrication of polyimide-carbon nanotube composite films via wet-casting. According to results from the spectroscopic and electron microscopic characterizations, the carbon nanotubes are homogeneously dispersed in the nanocomposite films. C1 Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Adv Mat & Proc Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 50 TC 161 Z9 165 U1 5 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 16 BP 6055 EP 6060 DI 10.1021/ma0491006 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 844LP UT WOS:000223160000035 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Mehta, A Mahurin, SM Dai, S Dadmun, MD Sumpter, BG Barnes, MD AF Kumar, P Mehta, A Mahurin, SM Dai, S Dadmun, MD Sumpter, BG Barnes, MD TI Formation of oriented nanostructures from single molecules of conjugated polymers in microdroplets of solution: The role of solvent SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLY(PHENYLENE VINYLENE) DERIVATIVES; ELECTRONIC-ENERGY TRANSFER; INTERCHAIN INTERACTIONS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMER; MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; FILMS; PHOTOPHYSICS; GENERATION AB We examine the role of solution-phase polymer geometries on the favorability of forming oriented nanostructures from single conjugated polymer molecules formed from microdroplets of ultradilute solution. To our knowledge, this is the first time single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy has been used to extract structural information from solution-phase fluorescence measurements. We find that production of oriented species is strongly favored in "poorer" solvents, where the polymer chains have more compact solution-phase structures. While charging during droplet generation is essential for orientation, we conclude that most of the internal organization associated with these interesting structures takes place in solution, independent of the droplets. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 16 BP 6132 EP 6140 DI 10.1021/ma048917w PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 844LP UT WOS:000223160000045 ER PT J AU Liu, DH Evans, JW AF Liu, DH Evans, JW TI Lattice-gas modeling of the formation and ordering of oxygen adlayers on Pd(100) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics; models of non-equilibrium phenomena; surface thermodynamics (including phase transitions); chemisorption; surface diffusion; oxygen; palladium ID HARD-SQUARE LATTICE; NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTERACTIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; STICKING PROBABILITIES; PHASE-DIAGRAM; DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; DESORPTION AB We construct a lattice-gas (LG) model to describe not just the ordering of equilibrated adlayers of chemisorbed oxygen on Pd(1 0 0), but also the non-equilibrium ordering observed during dissociative adsorption of molecular oxygen on Pd(1 0 0). First, by combining transfer matrix analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, we determine the equilibrium phase diagrams for candidate LG models with pairwise-additive interactions including nearest-neighbor (NN) exclusion, second NN repulsion, third NN attraction, and possibly fourth NN repulsion. These interactions are selected so as to recover the p(2 x 2) and c(2 x 2) ordering observed in experiment. Interaction strengths are assessed by matching simulated and experimental phase diagrams. Second, a kinetic model is constructed to describe dissociative adsorption of molecular oxygen on second NN empty sites (consistent with NN exclusion), as well as subsequent thermally activated surface diffusion, and adlayer formation. Hopping rates for the latter reflect the selected adspecies interactions through detailed-balance constraints. By comparing simulated diffracted intensities for non-equilibrium adlayer structure during adsorption with experimental data for various temperatures and pressures, we demonstrate the existence of transient mobility for dissociative adsorption in this system, and also determine the magnitude of the thermal diffusion barrier. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Liu, DH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dajiang@fi.ameslab.gov NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 563 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.06.165 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 843VR UT WOS:000223115400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Wang, P Koberstein, J Khalid, S Chan, SW AF Zhang, F Wang, P Koberstein, J Khalid, S Chan, SW TI Cerium oxidation state in ceria nanoparticles studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption near edge spectroscopy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cerium; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; oxidation ID OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CEO2 NANOPARTICLES; INDUCED REDUCTION; SIZE; PARTICLES; CATALYSTS; BEHAVIOR; XANES AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy experiments are used to investigate the oxidation state of cerium ions in ceria nanoparticles. A comparison of results shows that XPS yields a higher concentration of Ce3+ ions, even after analysis with a core-shell model. Three factors are proposed for the discrepancy between results: surface reduction of ceria in the XPS vacuum chamber enhanced by X-ray radiation, fast reduction dynamics associated with ceria nanoparticles, and a diffuse depth profile of the Ce3+ concentration inside ceria particles. Our results suggest that the high-vacuum XPS studies of ceria have overestimated the Ce3+ concentration in ceria nanoparticles under ambient condition. More importantly, we have demonstrated the importance of using complimentary surface analysis techniques to investigate the valence state of ceria nanoparticles. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, MRSEC, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, MRSEC, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chan, SW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, MRSEC, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, MC 4701,500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sc174@columbia.edu NR 38 TC 283 Z9 286 U1 16 U2 115 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 563 IS 1-3 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.05.138 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 843VR UT WOS:000223115400009 ER PT J AU Kamakoti, P Horvath, J Gellman, AJ Sholl, DS AF Kamakoti, P Horvath, J Gellman, AJ Sholl, DS TI Titration of chiral kink sites on Cu(643) using iodine adsorption SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stepped single crystal surfaces; copper; iodine; density functional calculations; thermal desorption spectroscopy ID METAL-SURFACES; ENANTIOSPECIFIC DESORPTION; PT(111) SURFACES; COPPER SURFACES; ALKYL IODIDES; CU(111); CHEMISTRY; FLUCTUATIONS; CHLORINE; STEP AB Density functional theory (DFT) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments have been used to probe the site preferences of adsorbed iodine atoms on Cu surfaces. DFT calculations are presented for iodine adsorption on Cu(1 1 1), Cu(1 0 0), Cu(2 2 1), Cu(5 3 3), Cu(5 3 1), and Cu(6 4 3). Additional DFT calculations are presented for 1 adsorption on a stepped Cu surface that mimics a thermally roughened Cu(6 4 3) surface. The molecular desorption of R-3-methylcyclohexanone from clean and iodine precovered Cu(6 4 3) has been used to experimentally examine the location of iodine on this surface. Our results show that there is a strong energetic preference for iodine to adsorb at step edges on Cu surfaces vicinal to Cu(1 1 1) and that when kinks are present in surface steps, iodine prefers to adsorb in the vicinity of these kinks over adsorbing along straight step edges. Thus, the adsorption of atomic iodine can be used to selectively titrate the kink sites on intrinsically chiral Cu surfaces vicinal to Cu(1 1 1). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, DS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sholl@andrew.cmu.edu RI Gellman, Andrew/M-2487-2014 OI Gellman, Andrew/0000-0001-6618-7427 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 2004 VL 563 IS 1-3 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.06.160 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 843VR UT WOS:000223115400021 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, AE Harper, H Smith, DJ Hu, H Jiang, Q Solomon, VC Radousky, HB AF Berkowitz, AE Harper, H Smith, DJ Hu, H Jiang, Q Solomon, VC Radousky, HB TI Hollow metallic microspheres produced by spark erosion SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NI-MN-GA; PARTICLES AB Hollow spherical particles of Ni, CoFe, the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni49Mn30Ga21, and the giant magnetostrictive alloy Fe83Ga17, with diameters up to several tens of microns were produced by spark erosion, using liquid nitrogen as the dielectric liquid. In contrast, the particles were primarily solid when the dielectric liquid was argon. The wall thicknesses of the hollow particles depended on the elemental composition. Different models are considered to account for the formation of the spark-eroded hollow spheres, and some of the potential benefits to be derived from their use are described. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Magnet Recording Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berkowitz, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM aberk@ucsd.edu NR 12 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6 BP 940 EP 942 DI 10.1063/1.1779962 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843TM UT WOS:000223109500030 ER PT J AU Hare, DE Forbes, JW Reisman, DB Dick, JJ AF Hare, DE Forbes, JW Reisman, DB Dick, JJ TI Isentropic compression loading of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and the pressure-induced phase transition at 27 GPa SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; DENSE MATTER; TRANSFORMATION; HOT AB The 27 GPa pressure-induced epsilon-phi phase transition in octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) is explored using the isentropic compression experiment (ICE) technique at the Sandia National Laboratories Z-machine facility. Our data indicate that this phase transition is sluggish and if it does occur to any extent under the time scales (200-500 ns) and strain rates (5x10(5)) typical of ICE loading conditions, the amount of conversion is small. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hare, DE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hare2@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6 BP 949 EP 951 DI 10.1063/1.1771464 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843TM UT WOS:000223109500033 ER PT J AU van de Lagemaat, J Vanmaekelbergh, D Kelly, JJ AF van de Lagemaat, J Vanmaekelbergh, D Kelly, JJ TI Field-dependent charge carrier dynamics in GaN: Excitonic effects SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; BINDING-ENERGY; EPILAYERS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS; SPECTRA; PHONON; LAYERS AB The electric-field dependence of the charge-carrier dynamics in GaN was studied by measuring excitation spectra of the sub-band-gap (yellow) luminescence as a function of bias using a Schottky junction formed at the interface between the semiconductor and an electrolyte solution. At large bias, the contribution of free electrons and holes to the photoluminescence is significantly reduced due to the dead-layer effect. As a result, striking features are revealed in the spectra close to the fundamental absorption. These features are attributed to exciton decay via yellow luminescence centers. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Utrecht, Debye Res Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP van de Lagemaat, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jao_vandelagemaat@nrel.gov RI van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; Vanmaekelbergh, Daniel/G-2104-2010 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6 BP 958 EP 960 DI 10.1063/1.1779349 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843TM UT WOS:000223109500036 ER PT J AU Holub, M Chakrabarti, S Fathpour, S Bhattacharya, P Lei, Y Ghosh, S AF Holub, M Chakrabarti, S Fathpour, S Bhattacharya, P Lei, Y Ghosh, S TI Mn-doped InAs self-organized diluted magnetic quantum-dot layers with Curie temperatures above 300 K SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; NANOSTRUCTURES AB The magnetic and structural properties of InAs:Mn self-organized diluted magnetic quantum dots grown by low-temperature (similar to270 degreesC), solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy using a very low InAs growth rate (<0.1 ML/s) are investigated. A Curie temperature (T-C) of similar to350 K is measured in a sample grown with a Mn/In flux ratio of 0.15. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy confirms that most of the Mn remains within the InAs quantum dots. We propose as a possible explanation for this high T-C the effects of magnetic and structural disorder introduced by a random incorporation and inhomogeneous distribution of Mn atoms amongst the InAs quantum dots. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Solid State Elect Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Holub, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Solid State Elect Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM pkb@eecs.umich.edu OI Fathpour, Sasan/0000-0002-8395-9094 NR 17 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6 BP 973 EP 975 DI 10.1063/1.1781361 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843TM UT WOS:000223109500041 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Thundat, T AF Jeon, S Thundat, T TI Instant curvature measurement for microcantilever sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE STRESS; THIN-FILMS; FREQUENCY AB A multiple-point deflection technique has been developed for the instant measurement of microcantilever curvature. Eight light-emitting diodes are focused on various positions of a gold-coated silicon cantilever through optical fibers, and temperature change or chemical adsorption induces cantilever bending. The deflection at each point on the cantilever is measured with subnanometer precision by a position-sensitive detector, and thus the curvature of the cantilever is obtained. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jeons1@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1083 EP 1084 DI 10.1063/1.1781389 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843TM UT WOS:000223109500078 ER PT J AU Backhaus, S Tward, E Petach, M AF Backhaus, S Tward, E Petach, M TI Traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric generator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Traveling-wave thermoacoustic heat engines have been demonstrated to convert high-temperature heat to acoustic power with high efficiency without using moving parts. Electrodynamic linear alternators and compressors have demonstrated high acoustic-to-electric transduction efficiency as well as long maintenance-free lifetimes. By optimizing a small-scale traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine for use with an electrodynamic linear alternator, we have created a traveling-wave thermoacoustic electric generator; a power conversion system suitable for demanding applications such as electricity generation aboard spacecraft. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Redondo Beach, CA 90277 USA. RP Backhaus, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM backhaus@lanl.gov RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012 NR 7 TC 90 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1087 DI 10.1063/1.1781739 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 843TM UT WOS:000223109500079 ER PT J AU Liu, SF Corbett, JD AF Liu, SF Corbett, JD TI Synthesis, structure, and bonding of BaAuTI3 and BaAuIn3: Stabilization of BaAl4-type examples of the heavier triels through gold substitution SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; ZINTL BOUNDARY; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; STABILITY; CLUSTERS; COMPOUND; NETWORK; METALS; PHASE AB The title compounds have been synthesized by high temperature means and characterized by X-ray structural analysis, physical property measurements, and electronic structure calculations. The compounds crystallize in the three-dimensional tetragonal structure of BaAl4, 14/mmm, Z = 2 (a = 4.8107(4), 4.8604(2) Angstrom, and c = 11.980(2), 12.180(2) Angstrom for BaAuIn3 and BaAuTl3, respectively). Gold randomly substitutes for 50% of the In or Tl in the apical (4e) positions in the network, generating apical-apical atom distances of 2.77 and 2.70 Angstrom, respectively, values that are comparable to the single bond metallic radii sum for Au plus In, and 0.08 Angstrom less than that for Au plus Tl. Relativistic effects appear to be important for both of the latter elements. The shrinkage in distances and increase in bond strengths evidently stabilize BaAuTl3 relative to the distorted BaTl4 with a presumably oversized triel lattice. EHTB band calculations indicate that the two compounds are electron-deficient relative to optimal Au-Tr and Au-Au bonding and metallic, the latter in agreement with measured properties of BaAuTl3. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jcorbett@iastate.edu NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 16 BP 4988 EP 4993 DI 10.1021/ic040010r PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 844VX UT WOS:000223190300036 PM 15285675 ER PT J AU Bobev, S Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Olmstead, MM Hope, M Kauzlarich, SM AF Bobev, S Thompson, JD Sarrao, JL Olmstead, MM Hope, M Kauzlarich, SM TI Probing the limits of the Zintl concept: Structure and bonding in rare-earth and alkaline-earth zinc-antimonides Yb9Zn4+xSb9 and CagZn(4.5)Sb(9) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAIN-GROUP ELEMENTS; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; CAAL2SI2 STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AB2X2 COMPOUNDS; PATTERNS; COMPOUND; PHASES AB A new transition metal Zintl phase, Yb9Zn4+xSb9, was prepared by high-temperature flux syntheses as large single crystals, or by direct fusion of the corresponding elements in polycrystalline form. Its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its Ca-counterpart, hitherto known as Ca9Zn4Sb9, and the presence of nonstoichiometry in it were also studied. Yb9Zn4+xSb9 was found to exist in a narrow homogeneity range, as suggested from the crystallographic data at 90(3) K (orthorhombic, space group Pbam (No. 55), Z = 2): (1) a = 21.677(2) Angstrom, b = 12.3223(lo) Angstrom, c = 4.5259(4) Angstrom, R1 = 3.09%, wR2 = 7.18% for Yb9Zn4.23(2)Sb9; (2) a = 21.706(2) Angstrom, b = 12.3381(13) Angstrom, c = 4,5297(5) Angstrom, R1 = 2.98%, wR2 = 5.63% for Yb9Zn4.380(12)Sb9; and (3) a = 21.700(2) Angstrom, b = 12.3400(g) Angstrom, c = 4.5339(4) Angstrom, R1 = 2.75%, wR2 = 5.65% for Yb9Zn4.384(14)Sb9. The isostructural Ca9Zn4.478(8)Sb9 has unit cell parameters a = 21.830(2) Angstrom, b = 12.4476(9) Angstrom, and c = 4.5414(3) Angstrom (131 = 3.33%, wR2 = 5.83%). The structure type in which these compounds crystallize is related to the Ca9Mn4Bi9 type, and can be considered an interstitially stabilized variant. Formal electron count suggests that the Yb or Ca cations are in the +2 oxidation state. This is supported by the virtually temperature-independent magnetization for Yb9Zn4.5Sb9. Electrical resistivity data show that Yb9Zn4.5Sb9 and Ca9Zn4.5Sb9 are poor metals with room-temperature resistivity of 10.2 and 19.6 mOmega(.)cm, respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bobev, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, 12-MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 16 BP 5044 EP 5052 DI 10.1021/ic049836j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 844VX UT WOS:000223190300042 PM 15285681 ER PT J AU Amsler, C Anisovich, AV Baker, CA Barnett, BM Batty, CJ Benayoun, M Blum, P Braune, K Case, T Crede, V Crowe, KM Doser, M Dunnweber, W Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Hessey, NP Hidas, P Jamnik, D Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kunze, M Kurilla, U Landua, R Matthay, H Meyer, CA Meyer-Wildhagen, F Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Reinnarth, J Sarantsev, A Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Suh, JS Thoma, U Uman, I Wallis-Plachner, S Walther, D Wiedner, U Wittmack, K AF Amsler, C Anisovich, AV Baker, CA Barnett, BM Batty, CJ Benayoun, M Blum, P Braune, K Case, T Crede, V Crowe, KM Doser, M Dunnweber, W Engelhardt, D Faessler, MA Haddock, RP Heinsius, FH Hessey, NP Hidas, P Jamnik, D Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Kisiel, J Klempt, E Koch, H Kunze, M Kurilla, U Landua, R Matthay, H Meyer, CA Meyer-Wildhagen, F Ouared, R Peters, K Pick, B Ratajczak, M Regenfus, C Reinnarth, J Sarantsev, A Strohbusch, U Suffert, M Suh, JS Thoma, U Uman, I Wallis-Plachner, S Walther, D Wiedner, U Wittmack, K TI Study of antiproton annihilation on neutrons into omega pi(-) pi(0) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE antiproton; spectroscopy; vector mesons ID CROSS-SECTION; REST; STATES; DECAY; RESONANCES; OMEGAPI; MESONS; MODELS; SCALAR; SPIN AB Data are presented on antiproton neutron annihilation at rest into omegapi (-) pi(0) taken with the Crystal Barrel detector at LEAR (CERN) using a liquid deuterium target. The partial wave analysis shows evidence for at least two omegapi vector resonances above the rho(770) ground-state. Possible evidence for a third rho' state with a mass around 1180 MeV is discussed. The results are compared to model dependent predictions concerning the nature of the rho' states. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Hungarian Acad Sci, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris, France. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Wiedner, U (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. EM ulrich.wiedner@tsl.uu.se RI Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Meyer, Curtis/L-3488-2014; OI Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Meyer, Curtis/0000-0001-7599-3973; Heinsius, Fritz-Herbert/0000-0002-9545-5117 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 9 PY 2004 VL 740 IS 1-2 BP 130 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.05.004 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 840FB UT WOS:000222841500009 ER PT J AU Kendrick, BK AF Kendrick, BK TI Quantum hydrodynamics: Application to N-dimensional reactive scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PACKET DYNAMICS; WAVEPACKET DYNAMICS; ANALYTICAL MECHANICS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; LINEAR COLLISIONS; TRAJECTORIES; EQUATIONS; MOTION; GRIDS; EQUIDISTRIBUTION AB The quantum hydrodynamic equations associated with the de Broglie-Bohm formulation of quantum mechanics are solved using a new methodology which gives an accurate, unitary, and stable propagation of a time dependent quantum wave packet [B. K. Kendrick, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 5805 (2003)]. The methodology is applied to an N-dimensional model chemical reaction with an activation barrier. A parallel version of the methodology is presented which is designed to run on massively parallel supercomputers. The computational scaling properties of the parallel code are investigated both as a function of the number of processors and the dimension N. A decoupling scheme is introduced which decouples the multidimensional quantum hydrodynamic equations into a set of uncoupled one-dimensional problems. The decoupling scheme dramatically reduces the computation time and is highly parallelizable. Furthermore, the computation time is shown to scale linearly with respect to the dimension N=2,...,100. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kendrick, BK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS-B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2471 EP 2482 DI 10.1063/1.1768512 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 840JX UT WOS:000222855700004 PM 15281844 ER PT J AU Clark, AE Sonnenberg, JL Hay, PJ Martin, RL AF Clark, AE Sonnenberg, JL Hay, PJ Martin, RL TI Density and wave function analysis of actinide complexes: What can fuzzy atom, atoms-in-molecules, Mulliken, Lowdin, and natural population analysis tell us? SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOCK-SLATER CALCULATIONS; BOND ORDERS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; OVERLAP POPULATIONS; QUANTUM-THEORY; LCAO; VALENCES; UO2; APPROXIMATION; ORBITALS AB Recent advances in computational methods have made it possible to calculate the wave functions for a wide variety of simple actinide complexes. Equally important is the ability to analyze the information contained therein and produce a chemically meaningful understanding of the electronic structure. Yet the performance of the most common wave function analyses for the calculation of atomic charge and bond order has not been thoroughly investigated for actinide systems. This is particularly relevant because the calculation of charge and bond order even in transition metal complexes is known to be fraught with difficulty. Here we use Mulliken, Lowdin, natural population analysis, atoms-in-molecules (AIM), and fuzzy atom techniques to determine the charges and bond orders of UO22+, PuO22+, UO2, UO2Cl42-, UO2(CO)(5)(2+), UO2(CO)(4)(2+), UO2(CN)(5)(3-), UO2(CN)(4)(2-), UO2(OH)(5)(3-), and UO2(OH)(4)(2-). This series exhibits a clear experimental and computational trend in bond lengths and vibrational frequencies. The results indicate that Mulliken and Lowdin populations and bond orders are unreliable for the actinyls. Natural population analysis performs well after modification of the partitioning of atomic orbitals to include the 6d in the valence space. The AIM topological partitioning is insensitive to the electron donating ability of the equatorial ligands and the relative atomic volume of the formally U(VI) center is counterintuitively larger than that of O2- in the UO22+ core. Lastly, the calibrated fuzzy atom method yields reasonable bond orders for the actinyls at significantly reduced computational cost relative to the AIM analysis. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Clark, AE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mail Stop B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM auclark@lanl.gov RI Sonnenberg, Jason/B-3485-2008 OI Sonnenberg, Jason/0000-0003-0122-5108 NR 48 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2563 EP 2570 DI 10.1063/1.1766292 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 840JX UT WOS:000222855700014 PM 15281854 ER PT J AU Fanourgakis, GS Apra, E Xantheas, SS AF Fanourgakis, GS Apra, E Xantheas, SS TI High-level ab initio calculations for the four low-lying families of minima of (H2O)(20). I. Estimates of MP2/CBS binding energies and comparison with empirical potentials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER CLUSTERS (H2O)(N); TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; EFFECTIVE FRAGMENT METHOD; FUSED CUBIC STRUCTURES; FREE JET EXPANSION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; 1ST PRINCIPLES; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION AB We report estimates of complete basis set (CBS) limits at the second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation level of theory (MP2) for the binding energies of the lowest-lying isomers within each of the four major families of minima of (H2O)(20). These were obtained by performing MP2 calculations with the family of correlation-consistent basis sets up to quadruple zeta quality, augmented with additional diffuse functions (aug-cc-pVnZ, n=D, T, Q). The MP2/CPS estimates are -200.1 (dodecahedron, 30 hydrogen bonds), -212.6 (fused cubes, 36 hydrogen bonds), -215.0 (face-sharing pentagonal prisms, 35 hydrogen bonds), and -217.9 kcal/mol (edge-sharing pentagonal prisms, 34 hydrogen bonds). The energetic ordering of the various (H2O)(20) isomers does not follow monotonically the number of hydrogen bonds as in the case of smaller clusters such as the different isomers of the water hexamer. The dodecahedron lies ca. 18 kcal/mol higher in energy than the most stable edge-sharing pentagonal prism isomer. The TIP4P, ASP-W4, TTM2-R, AMOEBA, and TTM2-F empirical potentials also predict the energetic stabilization of the edge-sharing pentagonal prisms with respect to the dodecahedron, albeit they universally underestimate the cluster binding energies with respect to the MP2/CBS result. Among them, the TTM2-F potential was found to predict the absolute cluster binding energies to within <1% from the corresponding MP2/CBS values, whereas the error for the rest of the potentials considered in this study ranges from 3% to 5%. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010; Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015 OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734; NR 75 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2655 EP 2663 DI 10.1063/1.1767519 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 840JX UT WOS:000222855700026 PM 15281866 ER PT J AU Frischknecht, AL Curro, JG AF Frischknecht, AL Curro, JG TI Comparison of random-walk density functional theory to simulation for bead-spring homopolymer melts SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; THERMODYNAMIC PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NONUNIFORM POLYATOMIC SYSTEMS; INHOMOGENEOUS POLYMER SYSTEMS; SYMMETRIC DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; IMMISCIBLE POLYMERS; SLIT PORE AB Density profiles for a homopolymer melt near a surface are calculated using a random-walk polymeric density functional theory, and compared to results from molecular dynamics simulations. All interactions are of a Lennard-Jones form, for both monomer-monomer interactions and surface-monomer interactions, rather than the hard core interactions which have been most investigated in the literature. For repulsive systems, the theory somewhat overpredicts the density oscillations near a surface. Nevertheless, near quantitative agreement with simulation can be obtained with an empirical scaling of the direct correlation function. Use of the random phase approximation to treat attractive interactions between polymer chains gives reasonable agreement with simulation of dense liquids near neutral and attractive surfaces. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Frischknecht, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Frischknecht, Amalie/N-1020-2014 OI Frischknecht, Amalie/0000-0003-2112-2587 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 6 BP 2788 EP 2797 DI 10.1063/1.1768517 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 840JX UT WOS:000222855700043 PM 15281883 ER PT J AU Ingber, MS Chen, CS Tanski, JA AF Ingber, MS Chen, CS Tanski, JA TI A mesh free approach using radial basis functions and parallel domain decomposition for solving three-dimensional diffusion equations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE method of fundamental solutions; dual reciprocity method; radial basis functions; parallel domain decomposition; Schwarz Neumann-Neumann iteration; polyharmonic splines; diffusion equation ID BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; PARABOLIC DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; FUNDAMENTAL-SOLUTIONS; NODE METHOD; DISCRETIZATION; SPLINES AB The analysis of transient heat conduction problems in large, complex computational domains is a problem of interest in many technological applications including electronic cooling, encapsulation using functionally graded composite materials, and cryogenics. In many of these applications, the domains may be multiply connected and contain moving boundaries making it desirable to consider meshless methods of analysis. The method of fundamental solutions along with a parallel domain decomposition method is developed for the solution of three-dimensional parabolic differential equations. In the current approach. time is discretized using the generalized trapezoidal rule transforming the original parabolic partial differential equation into a sequence of non-homogeneous modified Helmholtz equations. An approximate particular solution is derived using polyharmonic splines. Interfacial conditions between subdomains are satisfied using a Schwarz Neumann-Neumann iteration scheme. Outside of the first time step where zero initial flux is assumed, the initial estimates for the interfacial flux is given from the converged solution obtained during the previous time step. This significantly reduces the number of iterations required to meet the convergence criterion. The accuracy of the method of fundamental solutions approach is demonstrated through two benchmark problems. The parallel efficiency of the domain decomposition method is evaluated by considering cases with 8, 27, and 64 subdomains. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Math Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ingber, MS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM ingber@me.umn.edu NR 34 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD AUG 7 PY 2004 VL 60 IS 13 BP 2183 EP 2201 DI 10.1002/nme.1043 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 843GU UT WOS:000223067400005 ER PT J AU Simpson, ML Cox, CD Sayler, GS AF Simpson, ML Cox, CD Sayler, GS TI Frequency domain chemical Langevin analysis of stochasticity in gene transcriptional regulation SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene circuit analysis; stochastic simulation; gene circuit noise; chemical Langevin equation ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NOISE; SIMULATION; CIRCUIT; OSCILLATORS; EXPRESSION; EQUATION; NETWORKS; LAMBDA AB We present a frequency domain Langevin approach for stochastic analysis that remains valid for many important gene circuit elements even as molecular populations approach zero. We begin by considering the case of low-rate transcription and show that the previously reported shot noise representation is exact at all mRNA population levels for a constant transcription rate. Next, we consider transcriptional control through protein-DNA interactions at an operator site within the gene promoter region. This analysis results in expressions for the dynamics and noise behavior of this important gene sub-circuit, including the spectral density of the intrinsic operator noise and the processing of extrinsic noise by this transcriptional regulation system. This analysis shows that mRNA synthesis noise is composed of wideband shot noise and band-limited operator binding generated noise components. We find that the bandwidth of operator noise and its ultimate effect on total mRNA and protein noise is controlled by operator binding and unbinding dynamics. The most substantial impact of the operator noise is seen at transcription rates just above basal expression. This analysis captures the full behavior of this transcriptional regulation system, and points to potentially serious flaws in simplified mathematical relationships often used to model transcriptional regulation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM simpsonML1@ornl.gov RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Cox, Chris/A-9451-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Cox, Chris/0000-0001-9818-5477 NR 23 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2004 VL 229 IS 3 BP 383 EP 394 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.04.017 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 838DM UT WOS:000222693600009 PM 15234205 ER PT J AU Kiss, MZ Sayers, DE Zhong, Z Parham, C Pisano, ED AF Kiss, MZ Sayers, DE Zhong, Z Parham, C Pisano, ED TI Improved image contrast of calcifications in breast tissue specimens using diffraction enhanced imaging SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL MAMMOGRAMS; CALCIUM-OXALATE; CLUSTERED MICROCALCIFICATIONS; CANCER SPECIMENS; BENIGN; SEGMENTATION; BIOPSY AB The contrast of calcifications in images of breast tissue specimens using a synchrotron-based diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) apparatus has been measured and is compared to the contrast in images acquired using a conventional synchrotron-based radiographic imaging modality. DEI is an imaging modality which derives image contrast from x-ray absorption, refraction and small-angle scatter-rejection (extinction), unlike conventional radiographic techniques, which can only derive contrast from absorption. DEI is accomplished by inserting an analyser crystal in the beam path between the sample and the detector. Two of the three breast tissue specimens contained calcifications associated with cancer, while a third contained benign calcifications. Results of the image analysis indicate that the DEI contrast of images taken with the analyser crystal tuned to the peak of its rocking curve, was as much as 19 times that of the conventional radiograph, with an average of 5.5 for all calcifications. This improved image contrast for even near-pixel-size calcifications suggests potential utility for DEI in breast imaging. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Canc Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Kiss, MZ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 15 BP 3427 EP 3439 AR PII S0031-9155(04)76806-2 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/49/15/008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 849FU UT WOS:000223524900008 PM 15379023 ER PT J AU Chan, S Segelke, B Lekin, T Krupka, H Cho, US Kim, M So, MY Kim, CY Naranjo, CM Rogers, YC Park, MS Wald, GS Pashkov, I Cascio, D Perry, JL Sawaya, MR AF Chan, S Segelke, B Lekin, T Krupka, H Cho, US Kim, M So, MY Kim, CY Naranjo, CM Rogers, YC Park, MS Wald, GS Pashkov, I Cascio, D Perry, JL Sawaya, MR TI Crystal structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis dUTPase: Insights into the catalytic mechanism SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dUTPase; tuberculosis; drug design; nucleotidohydrolase; mechanism ID INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI DUTPASE; DNA-POLYMERASE-BETA; SUBSTRATE-ANALOG; C-TERMINUS; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; POTENTIAL TARGET; PYROPHOSPHATASE; RESOLUTION; COMPLEXES AB The structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dUTP nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) has been determined at 1.3 Angstrom resolution in complex with magnesium ion and the non-hydrolyzable substrate analog, alpha,beta-imido dUTP. dUTPase is an enzyme essential for depleting potentially toxic concentrations of dUTP in the cell. Given the importance of its biological role, it has been proposed that inhibiting M. tuberculosis dUTPase might be an effective means to treat tuberculosis infection in humans. The crystal structure presented here offers some insight into the potential for designing a specific inhibitor of the M. tuberculosis dUTPase enzyme. The structure also offers new insights into the mechanism of dUTP hydrolysis by providing an accurate representation of the enzyme-substrate complex in which both the metal ion and dUTP analog are included. The structure suggests that inclusion of a magnesium ion is important for stabilizing the position of the alpha-phosphorus for an in-line nucleophilic attack. In the absence of magnesium, the alpha-phosphate of dUTP can have either of the two positions which differ by 4.5 Angstrom. A transiently ordered C-terminal loop further assists catalysis by shielding the general base, Asp83, from solvent thus elevating its pK(a) so that it might in turn activate a tightly bound water molecule for nucleophilic attack. The metal ion coordinates alpha, beta, and gamma phosphate groups with tridentate geometry identical with that observed in the crystal structure of DNA polymerase beta complexed with magnesium and dNTP analog, revealing some common features in catalytic mechanism. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Sawaya, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, 206 Boyer Hall,Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM sawaya@mbi.ucla.edu OI Sawaya, Michael/0000-0003-0874-9043 NR 50 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 341 IS 2 BP 503 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.06.028 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 842RK UT WOS:000223021500015 PM 15276840 ER PT J AU Acosta, D Affolder, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Friedman, J Furic, I Gallinaro, M Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Issever, C Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, T Litvintsev, DO Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, R Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Poukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Snihur, R Spezziga, M Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stefanini, A Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wisniewski, N Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wu, X Wurthwein, F Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Acosta, D Affolder, T Albrow, MG Ambrose, D Amidei, D Anikeev, K Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bachacou, H Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Behari, S Belforte, S Bell, WH Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bishai, M Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campbell, M Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Chu, ML Chung, JY Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Coca, M Connolly, A Convery, M Conway, J Cordelli, M Cranshaw, J Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D D'Auria, S de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demers, S Demortier, L Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Dionisi, C Dittmann, JR Dominguez, A Donati, S D'Onofrio, M Dorigo, T Eddy, N Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Farrington, S Feild, RG Fernandez, JP Ferretti, C Field, RD Fiori, I Flaugher, B Flores-Castillo, LR Foster, GW Franklin, M Friedman, J Furic, I Gallinaro, M Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Gerdes, DW Gerstein, E Giagu, S Giannetti, P Giolo, K Giordani, M Giromini, P Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Goldstein, J Gomez, G Goncharov, M Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M da Costa, JG Haber, C Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Hennecke, M Herndon, M Hill, C Hocker, A Hoffman, KD Hou, S Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Issever, C Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iwata, Y Iyutin, B James, E Jones, M Kamon, T Kang, J Unel, MK Kartal, S Kasha, H Kato, Y Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, TH Kim, YK Kirby, M Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Korn, A Korytov, A Kroll, J Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kuhlmann, SE Kuznetsova, N Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, J Lannon, K Lancaster, M Lander, R Lath, A Latino, G LeCompte, T Le, Y Lee, J Lee, SW Leonardo, N Leone, S Lewis, JD Li, K Lin, CS Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, T Litvintsev, DO Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lyons, L Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Manca, G Mariotti, M Martin, M Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Meyer, A Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Moggi, N Moore, R Moulik, T Mulhearn, M Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napora, R Niell, F Nelson, C Nelson, T Neu, C Neubauer, MS Newman-Holmes, C Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Ohsugi, T Okusawa, T Orejudos, W Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pauly, T Paus, C Pellett, D Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, KT Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Pratt, T Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Poukhov, O Punzi, G Rademacker, J Rakitine, A Ratnikov, F Ray, H Reichold, A Renton, P Rescigno, M Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Rott, C Roy, A Ruiz, A Ryan, D Safonov, A St Denis, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Sansoni, A Santi, L Sarkar, S Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Snider, FD Snihur, R Spezziga, M Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stefanini, A Strologas, J Stuart, D Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tecchio, M Tesarek, RJ Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Toyoda, H Trischuk, W Tseng, J Tsybychev, D Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Vaiciulis, T Varganov, A Vataga, E Vejcik, S Velev, G Veramendi, G Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Volobouev, I von der Mey, M Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wan, Z Wang, C Wang, MJ Wang, SM Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wisniewski, N Wolbers, S Wolter, M Worcester, M Worm, S Wu, X Wurthwein, F Yang, UK Yao, W Yeh, GP Yi, K Yoh, J Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Inclusive search for anomalous production of high-p(T) like-sign lepton pairs in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMILAB TEVATRON COLLIDER; CHARGINO-NEUTRALINO PRODUCTION; MAJORANA NEUTRINOS; SUPERSYMMETRY; SIGNATURES; DILEPTONS; SQUARKS; GLUINOS; PHYSICS; BOSON AB We report on a search for anomalous production of events with at least two charged, isolated, like-sign leptons, each with p(T)>11 GeV/c using a 107 pb(-1) sample of 1.8 TeV p (p) over bar collisions collected by the CDF detector. We define a signal region containing low background from standard model processes. To avoid bias, we fix the final cuts before examining the event yield in the signal region using control regions to test the Monte Carlo predictions. We observe no events in the signal region, consistent with an expectation of 0.63(-0.07)(+0.84) events. We present 95% confidence level limits on new physics processes in both a signature-based context as well as within a representative minimal supergravity (tanbeta=3) model. C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Roma I La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Toronto, Inst Particle Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Wolter, Marcin/A-7412-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016 OI Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 061802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.061802 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200008 ER PT J AU Alber, MS Kiskowski, MA Jiang, Y AF Alber, MS Kiskowski, MA Jiang, Y TI Two-stage aggregate formation via streams in myxobacteria SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FRUITING BODY MORPHOGENESIS; SURFACE-ASSOCIATED MORPHOGEN; MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS; PATTERN-FORMATION; SELF-ORGANIZATION; C-SIGNAL; GROWTH; BACTERIA; COLONY; DIFFERENTIATION AB In response to adverse conditions, myxobacteria form aggregates that develop into fruiting bodies. We model myxobacteria aggregation with a lattice cell model based entirely on short-range (nonchemotactic) cell-cell interactions. Local rules result in a two-stage process of aggregation mediated by transient streams. Aggregates resemble those observed in experiment and are stable against even very large perturbations. Noise in individual cell behavior increases the effects of streams and results in larger, more stable aggregates. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Math, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alber, MS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Math, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 068102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.068102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200053 PM 15323665 ER PT J AU Apra, E Baletto, F Ferrando, R Fortunelli, A AF Apra, E Baletto, F Ferrando, R Fortunelli, A TI Amorphization mechanism of icosahedral metal nanoclusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CLUSTER STRUCTURE; EXCHANGE-ENERGY; ATOMS; TRANSITION; PT-13; PT-55; AG AB The amorphization mechanism of icosahedral Pt nanoclusters is investigated by a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and density functional calculations. A general mechanism for amorphization, involving rosettelike structural transformations at fivefold vertices, is proposed. In the rosette, a fivefold vertex is transformed into a hexagonal ring. We show that, for icosahedral Pt nanoclusters, this transformation is associated with an energy gain, so that their most favorable structures have a low symmetry even at icosahedral magic numbers, and that the same mechanism underlies the formation of amorphous structures in gold. C1 CNR, Mol Modeling Lab, Ist Proc Chim Fis, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, INFM, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, IMEM, CNR, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RP Fortunelli, A (reprint author), CNR, Mol Modeling Lab, Ist Proc Chim Fis, Via G Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. EM fortunelli@ipcf.cnr.it RI Apra, Edoardo/F-2135-2010; Ferrando, Riccardo /C-4066-2011 OI Apra, Edoardo/0000-0001-5955-0734; Ferrando, Riccardo /0000-0003-2750-9061 NR 22 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 065502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.065502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200030 PM 15323642 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Watson, NK Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Layter, J Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Erwin, RJ Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote-Ahern, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Levi, ME Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Telnov, AV Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Watson, NK Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schmuecker, H Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Mackay, C Wilson, FF Abe, K Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Kyberd, P McKemey, AK Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Layter, J Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Beringer, J Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Walkowiak, W Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Erwin, RJ Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Clark, PJ Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG van Hoek, WC Zhang, L Harton, JL Hu, T Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zhang, J Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Khan, A Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Lee, SJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Brigljevic, V Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Kay, M Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU George, S Green, MG Kurup, A Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote-Ahern, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cartaro, C Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Varnes, EW Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Xella, SM Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wright, DH Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Sekula, SJ von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Study of high momentum eta ' production in B ->eta X-'(s) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS AB We measure the branching fraction for the charmless semi-inclusive process B-->eta(')X(s), where the eta(') meson has a momentum in the range 2.0 to 2.7 GeV/c in the Y(4S) center-of-mass frame and X-s represents a system comprising a kaon and zero to four pions. We find B(B-->eta(')X(s))=[3.9+/-0.8(stat)+/-0.5(syst)+/-0.8(model)]x10(-4). We also obtain the X-s mass spectrum and find that it fits models predicting high masses. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Priarie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18015 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012 OI Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480 NR 15 TC 285 Z9 290 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 061801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.061801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200007 PM 15600911 ER PT J AU Francoeur, S Klem, JF Mascarenhas, A AF Francoeur, S Klem, JF Mascarenhas, A TI Optical spectroscopy of single impurity centers in semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAAS; FLUORESCENCE; NITROGEN; MOLECULES; RESONANCE AB Using optical spectroscopy with diffraction limited spatial resolution, the possibility of measuring the luminescence from single impurity centers in a semiconductor is demonstrated. Selectively studying individual centers that are formed by two neighboring nitrogen atoms in GaAs makes it possible to unveil their otherwise concealed polarization anisotropy, analyze their selection rules, identify their particular configuration, map their spatial distribution, and demonstrate the presence of a diversity of local environments. Circumventing the limitation imposed by ensemble averaging and the ability to discriminate the individual electronic responses from discrete emitters provides an unprecedented perspective on the nanoscience of impurities. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Francoeur, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sebastien_francoeur@nrel.gov RI Francoeur, Sebastien/E-6614-2011 OI Francoeur, Sebastien/0000-0002-6129-7026 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 067403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.067403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200050 PM 15323662 ER PT J AU Jones, OS Glenzer, SH Suter, LJ Turner, RE Campbell, KM Dewald, EL Hammel, BA Hammer, JH Kauffman, RL Landen, OL Rosen, MD Wallace, RJ Weber, FA AF Jones, OS Glenzer, SH Suter, LJ Turner, RE Campbell, KM Dewald, EL Hammel, BA Hammer, JH Kauffman, RL Landen, OL Rosen, MD Wallace, RJ Weber, FA TI Measurement of the absolute hohlraum-wall albedo under ignition foot drive conditions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROSSELAND MEAN OPACITY; LASER-LIGHT; X-RAYS; PLASMAS; CONFINEMENT; FACILITY; TARGETS; PHYSICS; MIXTURE; GOLD AB We present measurements of the absolute albedos of hohlraums made from gold or from high-Z mixtures. The measurements are performed over the range of radiation temperatures (70-100 eV) expected during the foot of an indirect-drive temporally shaped ignition laser pulse, where accurate knowledge of the wall albedo (i.e., soft x-ray wall reemission) is most critical for determining capsule radiation symmetry. We find that the gold albedo agrees well with calculations using the supertransition array opacity model, potentially providing additional margin for inertial confinement fusion ignition. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jones, OS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 065002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.065002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200026 PM 15323638 ER PT J AU Paul, MR Chiam, KH Cross, MC Fischer, PF AF Paul, MR Chiam, KH Cross, MC Fischer, PF TI Rayleigh-Benard convection in large-aspect-ratio domains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-NUMBER SELECTION; PATTERN-FORMATION; DYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM AB The coarsening and wave number selection of striped states growing from random initial conditions are studied in a nonrelaxational, spatially extended, and far-from-equilibrium system by performing large-scale numerical simulations of Rayleigh-Benard convection in a large-aspect-ratio cylindrical domain with experimentally realistic boundaries. We find evidence that various measures of the coarsening dynamics scale in time with different power-law exponents, indicating that multiple length scales are required in describing the time dependent pattern evolution. The translational correlation length scales with time as t(0.12), the orientational correlation length scales as t(0.54), and the density of defects scale as t(-0.45). The final pattern evolves toward the wave number where isolated dislocations become motionless, suggesting a possible wave number selection mechanism for large-aspect-ratio convection. C1 CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Paul, MR (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Phys, 114-36, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mpaul@caltech.edu RI Paul, Mark/E-3567-2014 OI Paul, Mark/0000-0002-0701-1955 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 064503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.064503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200023 PM 15323635 ER PT J AU Smakov, J Batista, CD Ortiz, G AF Smakov, J Batista, CD Ortiz, G TI Stripes, topological order, and deconfinement in a planar t-J(z) model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-J MODEL; LOOP ALGORITHM; MAGNETISM; PHASE AB We determine the quantum phase diagram of a two-dimensional bosonic t-J(z) model as a function of the lattice anisotropy gamma, using a quantum Monte Carlo loop algorithm. We show analytically that the low-energy sectors of the bosonic and the fermionic t-J(z) models become equivalent in the limit of small gamma. In this limit, the ground state represents a static stripe phase characterized by a nonzero value of a topological order parameter. This phase remains up to intermediate values of gamma, where there is a quantum phase transition to a phase-segregated state or a homogeneous superfluid with dynamic stripe fluctuations depending on the ratio J(z)/t. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smakov, J (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 067201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.067201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200045 PM 15323657 ER PT J AU Tangney, P Louie, SG Cohen, ML AF Tangney, P Louie, SG Cohen, ML TI Dynamic sliding friction between concentric carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study mechanical energy dissipation in carbon nanotube oscillators of lengths of tens of nanometers. The principal source of friction is found to be the ends of the tubes and hence dynamical friction is virtually independent of the overlap area between tubes. As a result of this, tube commensuration does not lead to significantly increased frictional forces. The friction force is found to depend strongly and nonlinearly on the relative velocity of the tubes. It is suggested that a strong velocity dependence and strong contributions from surface edges may be quite general features of friction at the nanoscale. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Tangney, Paul/D-1623-2010 NR 14 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 065503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.065503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200031 PM 15323643 ER PT J AU TenCate, JA Pasqualini, D Habib, S Heitmann, K Higdon, D Johnson, PA AF TenCate, JA Pasqualini, D Habib, S Heitmann, K Higdon, D Johnson, PA TI Nonlinear and nonequilibrium dynamics in geomaterials SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEREA SANDSTONE; SLOW DYNAMICS; ROCK; ATTENUATION; ELASTICITY; PRESSURE; WAVES AB The transition from linear to nonlinear dynamical elasticity in rocks is of considerable interest in seismic wave propagation as well as in understanding the basic dynamical processes in consolidated granular materials. We have carried out a careful experimental investigation of this transition for Berea and Fontainebleau sandstones. Below a well-characterized strain, the materials behave linearly, transitioning beyond that point to a nonlinear behavior which can be accurately captured by a simple macroscopic dynamical model. At even higher strains, effects due to a driven nonequilibrium state, and relaxation from it, complicate the characterization of the nonlinear behavior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP TenCate, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 6 AR 065501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.065501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 844DS UT WOS:000223138200029 PM 15323641 ER PT J AU Nettles, JH Li, HL Cornett, B Krahn, JM Snyder, JP Downing, KH AF Nettles, JH Li, HL Cornett, B Krahn, JM Snyder, JP Downing, KH TI The binding mode of epothilone A on alpha,beta-tubulin by electron crystallography SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONFORMATION-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; POLYKETIDE NATURAL-PRODUCTS; COMMON PHARMACOPHORE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; BETA-TUBULIN; CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; OVARIAN-CANCER; SIDE-CHAIN; TAXOL AB The structure of epothilone A, bound to alpha, beta-tubulin in zinc-stabilized sheets, was determined by a combination of electron crystallography at 2.89 angstrom resolution and nuclear magnetic resonance-based conformational analysis. The complex explains both the broad-based epothilone structure-activity relationship and the known mutational resistance pro. le. Comparison with Taxol shows that the longstanding expectation of a common pharmacophore is not met, because each ligand exploits the tubulin-binding pocket in a unique and independent manner. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIEHS, Struct Biol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Snyder, JP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM snyder@euch4e.chem.emory.edu; khdowning@lbl.gov NR 32 TC 307 Z9 317 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 6 PY 2004 VL 305 IS 5685 BP 866 EP 869 DI 10.1126/science.1099190 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843RT UT WOS:000223104900049 PM 15297674 ER PT J AU Daniel, I Bass, JD Fiquet, G Cardon, H Zhang, JZ Hanfland, M AF Daniel, I Bass, JD Fiquet, G Cardon, H Zhang, JZ Hanfland, M TI Effect of aluminium on the compressibility of silicate perovskite SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOWER MANTLE CONDITIONS; MGSIO3 PEROVSKITE; THERMAL EQUATION; STATE; PRESSURE; MECHANISM; MAGNESIOWUSTITE; TEMPERATURE; ELASTICITY; ENERGETICS AB Volume measurements for aluminous MgSiO(3) perovskite containing 5 mol% Al(2)O(3) were carried out up to pressures of 40 GPa at ambient temperature, using monochromatic synchrotron X-ray diffraction. A least-squares refinement of the data to the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yields the following parameters V(0) = 163.234(8) Angstrom(3), K(T0) = 251.5(13) GPa, K(0)' = 4. Within uncertainties, the presence of 5 mol% Al(2)O(3) in MgSiO(3) perovskite induces a decrease of the bulk modulus in the range of 0% to 1.8%. Thus, K(T) of perovskite is affected little if at all by the presence of Al(3+). This result is in excellent agreement with the values deduced from sound velocity measurements on the same sample [Jackson et al., 2004]. We discuss the possible origin of discrepancies among the different bulk moduli reported to date for aluminous perovskite. In light of recent calculations, our results are consistent with aluminium being dissolved in MgSiO(3) perovskite through a coupled substitution mechanism involving the replacement of both Mg(2+) and Si(4+) in the dodecahedral and octahedral sites by 2 Al(3+). Moreover, any slight reduction in the bulk modulus of MgSiO(3) perovskite induced by the dissolution of 5 mol% Al(2)O(3), indicates that the relative proportions of the minerals characteristic of the lower mantle, as inferred from seismological models, should not be significantly altered by the introduction of Al in the system. C1 Univ Lyon 1, ENSL, CNRS,UMR 5570, Lab Sci Terre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Mineral Cristallog, UMR 7590, F-75015 Paris, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daniel, I (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, ENSL, CNRS,UMR 5570, Lab Sci Terre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM isabelle.daniel@univ-lyon1.fr RI Fiquet, Guillaume/H-1219-2011; Daniel, Isabelle/D-2677-2012; Bass, Jay/G-2599-2013; Fiquet, Guillaume/M-6934-2014 OI Daniel, Isabelle/0000-0002-1448-7919; NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15608 DI 10.1029/2004GL020213 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846SB UT WOS:000223335400006 ER PT J AU Hug, GL Camaioni, DM Carmichael, I AF Hug, GL Camaioni, DM Carmichael, I TI EPR detection of HNO2 center dot- in the radiolysis of aqueous nitrite and quantum chemical calculation of its stability and hyperfine parameters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; COUPLED-CLUSTER; RADICALS; OXIDATION; ENERGY; RADIATION; CONSTANTS; NITRATE; MODEL AB Experimental and theoretical evidence is presented to support a prior suggestion [Lymar et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 7245] that radiolytically generated hydrogen atoms attack at the nitrogen, rather than the oxygen, of nitrite ions in aqueous solution. Time-resolved electron spin resonance detection was used to unambiguously identify the HNO2.- radicals formed. At pH 9 the radicals live about 10,us, and have quite broad (0.6 G) lines. The observed hyperfine splitting at nitrogen was a(N) = 19.6 G, with each of the three nitrogen lines further split by the small hydrogen coupling, a(H) = 4.5 G. The g factor for the radical is 2.0053. Although this is the first observation of this radical in fluid solution, the ESR parameters are consistent with previous observations in the solid phase. The identity of the radical was also confirmed by quantum chemical calculation of the ESR parameters, including the g factor. It was necessary to take into account vibrational modulation of the computed hyperfine parameters when comparing theory to experiment because of the large-amplitude motion of the hydrogen atom in the pyramidal radical. The yield of HNO2.- radicals was estimated at 70% of the available H atoms by a kinetic method. Computed thermodynamic parameters confirm that, in the gas phase, both HNO2.- and HONO.- are stable relative to the asymptotes H + NO2- and OH- + NO, with HNO2.- 40 kJ mol(-1) above HONO.- but protected from rearrangement by a large barrier. In solution, calculations indicate that while HNO2.- is still bound with respect to dissociation into H + NO2-, it is now only 3.2 kJ mol(-1) above HONO.- which, in turn, lies about 73 kJ mol(-1) above OH- + NO, and dissociation is driven by the strong solvation of the hydroxide ion. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hug, GL (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Radiat Lab, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM hug.1@nd.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 6599 EP 6604 DI 10.1021/jp049487e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842KG UT WOS:000223002300020 ER PT J AU Martin, RB Qu, LW Lin, Y Harruff, BA Bunker, CE Gord, JR Allard, LF Sun, YP AF Martin, RB Qu, LW Lin, Y Harruff, BA Bunker, CE Gord, JR Allard, LF Sun, YP TI Functionalized carbon nanotubes with tethered pyrenes: Synthesis and photophysical properties SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR EXCIMER FORMATION; 1,3-DI(1-PYRENYL)PROPANE; FLUORESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; CHROMOPHORE; POLYMERS; MONOMER; DECAY AB Single-walled (SWNTs) and multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were functionalized with dendra of tethered pyrene species, where the tether length was varied. These functionalized carbon nanotube samples are soluble in common organic solvents, making it possible to characterize the samples and to investigate and compare the photophysical properties of the tethered pyrene moieties in homogeneous solution. In general, the pyrene monomer excited state is significantly quenched by two competing processes of "intramolecular" excimer formation and energy transfer to the nanotube. The excimer formation is dynamic in nature, and the excimer emission is also quenched by the energy transfer, contributing to the overall low fluorescence quantum yields and rapid fluorescence decays. There are effects of the tether length on photoexcited-state properties of the pyrene species according to a comparison of the results obtained in solution vs in solid-state polymer matrix. The structurally more flexible environment for the pyrene moiety associated with a longer tether is more favorable to the excimer formation and less favorable to the excited-state energy transfer. The mechanistic implication of the results and potential applications of such materials are discussed. C1 Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sun, YP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Howard L Hunter Chem Lab, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM syaping@clemson.edu NR 40 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 11447 EP 11453 DI 10.1021/jp048984s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842KH UT WOS:000223002400029 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Tait, K Zhao, YS Schiferl, D Zha, CS Uchida, H Downs, RT AF Wang, ZW Tait, K Zhao, YS Schiferl, D Zha, CS Uchida, H Downs, RT TI Size-induced reduction of transition pressure and enhancement of bulk modulus of A1N nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PHASE-TRANSITION; NI AB An in situ X-ray-diffraction study of AlN nanocrystals under hydrostatic (or quasihydrostatic) conditions was performed to pressures of 36.9 GPa, using an energy dispersive synchrotron-radiation technique in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC). Hexagonal AlN nanocrystals have a particle size of 10 nm on average, and display an apparent volumetric expansion as compared to the bulk AlN polycrystals. Upon compression to 14.5 GPa, AlN nanocrystals start to transform to a rocksalt structure phase. This pressure is significantly lower than the transition pressure of 22.9 GPa observed from the bulk AlN by using the same technique. The nanosized wurtzite phase has a bulk modulus (B-0) of 321 +/- 19 GPa, larger than that of the bulk AlN crystals with a B-0 of 208 GPa. There is a large volumetric decrease of 20.5% upon the wurtzite-to-rocksalt phase transformation. Combination of the size-induced volumetric expansion and resulting softening of the Poisson ratio and shear modulus may explain the reduction of transition pressure in this type of nanomaterials. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Wilson Lab, CHESS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM z_wang@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 14 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 11506 EP 11508 DI 10.1021/jp048396e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842KH UT WOS:000223002400036 ER PT J AU Kim, J Dohnalek, Z White, JM Kay, BD AF Kim, J Dohnalek, Z White, JM Kay, BD TI Reactive growth of nanoscale MgO films by mg atom deposition onto O-2 multilayers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; AMORPHOUS SOLID WATER; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDE-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; OXIDATION; SURFACE; MORPHOLOGY AB Nanometer thick layers of Mg metal vapor deposited onto a polycrystalline gold substrate at 22 K with and without O-2 multilayers were examined after annealing. Auger electron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption of N-2 were used to determine the Mg oxidation state and the surface area of the deposits immediately after deposition at 22 K, and following annealing. Deposited on 20 layers Of 02, Mg oxidizes and forms an MgO film having a high surface area (similar to700 m(2)/g). The surface area decreases upon annealing, approaching that of a well-ordered MgO(100) surface by 500 K. On thinner O-2 multilayers, both oxidized and metallic Mg are observed at 22 K. Mild thermal annealing (200-400 K) results in transport of the excess metallic Mg to, and alloy formation with, the underlying Au substrate. MgO films annealed to 1000 K display a narrow distribution of N-2 binding sites, similar to well-ordered MgO(100). The film sublimes above 1000 K when heated. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Mat Chem, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kay, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bruce.kay@pnl.gov NR 44 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 11666 EP 11671 DI 10.1021/jp040209p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842KH UT WOS:000223002400059 ER PT J AU Gatica, SM Johnson, JK Zhao, XC Cole, MW AF Gatica, SM Johnson, JK Zhao, XC Cole, MW TI Wetting transition of water on graphite and other surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL SURFACES; CARBON NANOTUBES; CRITICAL-POINT; ADSORBED ATOMS; CONTACT ANGLES; TRIPLE-POINT; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; MERCURY; CESIUM AB A wetting transition occurs when the contact angle of a liquid drop on a surface changes from a nonzero value to zero. Such a transition has never been observed for water on any solid surface. This paper discusses the value of the temperature T-w at which the transition should occur for water on graphite. A simple model, previously used for nonpolar fluids, predicts the value of T-w as a function of the well depth D of the adsorption potential. While D is not well known for the case of water/graphite, the model implies that T-w is likely to fall in the range 350-500 K. Experimental search for this transition is warranted. Water-wetting transition temperatures on other surfaces are also discussed. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mwc@psu.edu RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 60 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 11704 EP 11708 DI 10.1021/jp048509u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842KH UT WOS:000223002400064 ER PT J AU Kirmaier, C Laible, PD Hanson, DK Holten, D AF Kirmaier, C Laible, PD Hanson, DK Holten, D TI B-side electron transfer to form P+HB- in reaction centers from the F(L181)Y/Y(M208)F mutant of Rhodobacter capsulatus SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; SPHAEROIDES REACTION-CENTER; PRIMARY CHARGE SEPARATION; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; HIGH-YIELD; BACTERIOPHEOPHYTIN; MUTATIONS; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL; RESOLUTION AB The combination of the Phe(L181) --> Tyr and Tyr(M208) --> Phe amino acid substitutions in reaction centers (RCs) of Rhodobacter capsulatus yields an RC in which charge separation to the B-side bacteriopheophytin (H-B) occurs in about 15% yield. This yield is determined from analysis of the relative bleachings of the Q(X) bands of H-A and H-B at 542 and 527 run, respectively, and comparison to simulations. These results are presented along with comparison to previous work on this "YF" mutant and other mutant RCs that produce electron transfer to the B-side of the RC. C1 Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kirmaier, C (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM kirmaier@wuchem.wustl.edu NR 41 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 31 BP 11827 EP 11832 DI 10.1021/jp0485441 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 842KH UT WOS:000223002400078 ER PT J AU Lederman, L AF Lederman, L TI The pleasure of learning SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lederman, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7000 BP 617 EP 617 DI 10.1038/430617a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843LM UT WOS:000223085400025 PM 15295578 ER PT J AU Soderberg, AM Kulkarni, SR Berger, E Fox, DW Sako, M Frail, DA Gal-Yam, A Moon, DS Cenko, SB Yost, SA Phillips, MM Persson, SE Freedman, WL Wyatt, P Jayawardhana, R Paulson, D AF Soderberg, AM Kulkarni, SR Berger, E Fox, DW Sako, M Frail, DA Gal-Yam, A Moon, DS Cenko, SB Yost, SA Phillips, MM Persson, SE Freedman, WL Wyatt, P Jayawardhana, R Paulson, D TI The sub-energetic gamma-ray burst GRB 031203 as a cosmic analogue to the nearby GRB 980425 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID 25 APRIL 1998; LIGHT-CURVE; UNUSUAL SUPERNOVA; AFTERGLOWS; CALORIMETRY; RESERVOIR; EMISSION; FLASH; JETS AB Over the six years since the discovery(1) of the gamma-ray burst GRB 980425, which was associated(2) with the nearby ( distance similar to40 Mpc) supernova 1998bw, astronomers have debated fiercely the nature of this event. Relative to bursts located at cosmological distance ( redshift z approximate to 1), GRB 980425 was under-luminous in gamma-rays by three orders of magnitude. Radio calorimetry(3,4) showed that the explosion was sub-energetic by a factor of 10. Here we report observations of the radio and X-ray afterglow of the recent GRB 031203 ( refs 5 - 7), which has a redshift of z = 0.105. We demonstrate that it too is sub-energetic which, when taken together with the low gamma-ray luminosity(7), suggests that GRB 031203 is the first cosmic analogue to GRB 980425. We find no evidence that this event was a highly collimated explosion viewed off-axis. Like GRB 980425, GRB 031203 appears to be an intrinsically sub-energetic gamma-ray burst. Such sub-energetic events have faint afterglows. We expect intensive follow-up of faint bursts with smooth gamma-ray light curves(8,9) ( common to both GRB 031203 and 980425) to reveal a large population of such events. C1 CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ 105 24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab 220 47, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Soderberg, AM (reprint author), CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ 105 24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM ams@astro.caltech.edu NR 28 TC 145 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 430 IS 7000 BP 648 EP 650 DI 10.1038/nature02757 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 843LM UT WOS:000223085400037 PM 15295592 ER PT J AU Karliner, M Lipkin, HJ AF Karliner, M Lipkin, HJ TI A mass inequality for the Xi* and Theta(+) pentaquarks SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SKYRME MODEL; LARGE-N; BARYONS; QUARK; DECUPLET; SOLITON AB We derive an upper bound on the mass difference between the Xi* and Theta(+) pentaquarks which are the manifestly exotic members of the SU(3)(f) antidecuplet. The derivation is based on simple assumptions about SU(3)(f) symmetry breaking and uses the standard quantum mechanical variational method. The resulting rather robust bound is more than 20 MeV below the experimentally reported Xi* - Theta(+) mass difference, emphasizing the need for confirmation of the experimental mass values and placing strong constraints on quark models of the pentaquark structure. (C) 2004, Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Karliner, M (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM marek@proton.tau.ac.il; ftlipkin@clever.weizmann.ac.il NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 594 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.052 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 840LA UT WOS:000222858900005 ER PT J AU Friedland, A Lunardini, C Pena-Garay, C AF Friedland, A Lunardini, C Pena-Garay, C TI Solar neutrinos as probes of neutrino-matter interactions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID EXPONENTIALLY VARYING DENSITY; 3-NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; SCATTERING; PARAMETERS; CURRENTS; FLUX AB Data from solar neutrino and KamLAND experiments have led to a discovery of nonzero neutrino masses. Here we investigate what these data can tell us about neutrino interactions with matter, including the poorly constrained flavor-changing v(e)-v(tau) interactions. We give examples of the interaction parameters that are excluded by the solar/KamLAND data and are beyond the reach of other experiments. We also demonstrate that flavor-changing interactions, at the allowed level, may profoundly modify the conversion probability for neutrinos of energy; less than or similar to 6 MeV and the values of the mass parameter inferred from the data. The implications for future experiments are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Friedland, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-8,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM friedland@lanl.gov; lunardi@ias.edu; penya@ias.edu NR 48 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 5 PY 2004 VL 594 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.047 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 840LA UT WOS:000222858900014 ER PT J AU Joslyn, CA Mniszewski, SM Fulmer, A Heaton, G AF Joslyn, Cliff A. Mniszewski, Susan M. Fulmer, Andy Heaton, Gary TI The Gene Ontology Categorizer SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB The Gene Ontology Categorizer, developed jointly by the Los Alamos National Laboratory and Procter & Gamble Corp., provides a capability for the categorization task in the Gene Ontology (GO): given a list of genes of interest, what are the best nodes of the GO to summarize or categorize that list? The motivating question is from a drug discovery process, where after some gene expression analysis experiment, we wish to understand the overall effect of some cell treatment or condition by identifying 'where' in the GO the differentially expressed genes fall: 'clustered' together in one place? in two places? uniformly spread throughout the GO? 'high', or 'low'? In order to address this need, we view bio-ontologies more as combinatorially structured databases than facilities for logical inference, and draw on the discrete mathematics of finite partially ordered sets (posets) to develop data representation and algorithms appropriate for the GO. In doing so, we have laid the foundations for a general set of methods to address not just the categorization task, but also other tasks (e.g. distances in ontologies and ontology merger and exchange) in both the GO and other bio-ontologies (such as the Enzyme Commission database or the MEdical Subject Headings) cast as hierarchically structured taxonomic knowledge systems. C1 [Joslyn, Cliff A.; Mniszewski, Susan M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fulmer, Andy] Procter & Gamble Co, Corp Biotechnol, Miami Valley Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45239 USA. [Heaton, Gary] Procter & Gamble Co, Corp Funct IT, Cincinnati, OH 45239 USA. RP Joslyn, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joslyn@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 20 SU 1 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth921 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA V24DZ UT WOS:000208392400023 ER PT J AU Glass, RJ LaViolette, RA AF Glass, RJ LaViolette, RA TI Self organized spatial-temporal structure within the fractured Vadose Zone: Influence of fracture intersections SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FLOW-THROUGH; LIQUID-PHASE STRUCTURE; NETWORK; MODELS AB Under conditions of unsaturated flow, others have shown experimentally that fracture intersections can direct flow to a single exiting fracture. In addition, they have been found to gather water from above to release as a pulse below. We formulate a simple model where these two behaviors are embedded within a network. With slow steady inflow distributed randomly along the top of the network, the system self organizes to form avalanches of water that can penetrate to great depths. When all intersections split their outflow, flow diverges with depth and develops into a self-organized dynamical state where the distribution of avalanche sizes follows a power-law over many decades. As the fraction of intersections that direct outflow singly is increased, spatial structure passes from divergent through braided to a fully convergent, hierarchical flow regime where avalanche size is minimized along one-dimensional slender pathways. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Glass, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjglass@sandia.gov; yaq@inel.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 15 AR L15501 DI 10.1029/2004GL019511 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 846RZ UT WOS:000223335200001 ER PT J AU Salinger, AG Pawlowski, RP Shadid, JN Van Bloemen Waanders, BG AF Salinger, AG Pawlowski, RP Shadid, JN Van Bloemen Waanders, BG TI Computational analysis and optimization of a chemical vapor deposition reactor with large-scale computing SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS; HORIZONTAL REACTORS; FLUID-DYNAMICS; PHASE EPITAXY; FLOW; DESIGN; STABILITY; GROWTH AB A computational analysis and optimization is presented for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon in a horizontal rotating-disk reactor. A three-dimensional reactor-scale model for the gas flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer in a CVD reactor is coupled to a simple transport-limited surface reaction mechanism for the deposition of epitaxial silicon from trichlorosilane. The model is solved to steady state for the deposition rate profile over the 8-in. silicon wafer using an unstructured-grid finite-element method and a fully coupled inexact Newton method on parallel computers. Because a high degree of spatial uniformity in the deposition rate is desired, parameter continuation runs for six key operating parameters, including the inlet flow rate and the rotation rate of the substrate, were performed and their individual effects analyzed. Finally, optimization runs were performed that located operating conditions that predict nonuniformity as low as 0.1%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Salinger, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1111, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agsalin@sandia.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 16 BP 4612 EP 4623 DI 10.1021/ie034196y PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 842CH UT WOS:000222979900017 ER PT J AU Williams, LL Rubin, JB Edwards, HW AF Williams, LL Rubin, JB Edwards, HW TI Calculation of Hansen solubility parameter values for a range of pressure and temperature conditions, including the supercritical fluid region SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-PRESSURES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EQUATION; STATE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS; LIQUIDS; FORCES AB Starting from the original definition of the cohesive energy density and the Hildebrand solubility parameter, an approach utilizing an equation of state of the form P = f(rho,T) is used for calculating Hildebrand solubility parameters for a range of temperatures and pressures, including the supercritical fluid region. In addition, an approach is presented to determine Hansen solubility parameters over the same range of temperatures and pressures. The pure fluid used in these calculations is carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 has been extensively studied, and its use as a supercritical fluid is well established in high-pressure chromatography and fluid extraction applications. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, LL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM williamsl@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 16 BP 4967 EP 4972 DI 10.1021/ie0497543 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 842CH UT WOS:000222979900057 ER PT J AU Tang, YH Carmichael, GR Kurata, G Uno, I Weber, RJ Song, CH Guttikunda, SK Woo, JH Streets, DG Wei, C Clarke, AD Huebert, B Anderson, TL AF Tang, YH Carmichael, GR Kurata, G Uno, I Weber, RJ Song, CH Guttikunda, SK Woo, JH Streets, DG Wei, C Clarke, AD Huebert, B Anderson, TL TI Impacts of dust on regional tropospheric chemistry during the ACE-Asia experiment: A model study with observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE dust; tropospheric chemistry; chemical transport model ID TRACE-P EXPERIMENT; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; MINERAL DUST; KNUDSEN CELL; EAST-ASIA; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; NITRIC-ACID; PARTICLES AB A comprehensive regional-scale chemical transport model, Sulfur Transport and Emissions Model 2001 (STEM-2K1), is employed to study dust outflows and their influence on regional chemistry in the high-dust Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) period, from 4-14 April 2001. In this period, dust storms are initialized in the Taklamagan and Gobi deserts because of cold air outbreaks, are transported eastward, and are often intensified by dust emitted from exposed soils as the front moves off the continent. Simulated dust agrees well with surface weather observations, satellite images, and the measurements of the C-130 aircraft. The C-130 aircraft observations of chemical constituents of the aerosol are analyzed for dust-rich and low-dust periods. In the submicron aerosol, dust-rich air masses have elevated ratios of DeltaCa/DeltaMg, DeltaNH(4)(+)/DeltaSO(4)(2-), and DeltaNO(3)(-)/DeltaCO (Delta represents the difference between observed and background concentrations). The impacts of heterogeneous reactions on dust involving O-3, NO2, SO2, and HNO3 are studied by incorporating these reactions into the analysis. These reactions have significant influence on regional chemistry. For example, the low O-3 concentrations in C-130 flight 6 can be explained only by the influence of heterogeneous reactions. In the near-surface layer, the modeled heterogeneous reactions indicated that O-3, SO2, NO2, and HNO3 are decreased by up to 20%, 55%, 20%, and 95%, respectively, when averaged over this period. In addition, NO, HONO, and daytime OH can increase by 20%, 30%, and 4%, respectively, over polluted regions. When dust encounters fresh pollutants, these heterogeneous reactions can lead to a series of complex responses of the photochemical system. In addition, these reactions can alter the chemical-size distribution of the aerosol. Under heavy dust loadings, these reactions can lead to >20% of the sulfate and >70% of the nitrate being associated with the coarse fraction. The radiative influence of dust can also affect the photochemical system. For example, OH levels can decrease by 20% near surface. The dust radiative influence is shown to be weaker than the heterogeneous influence for most species. C1 Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, IATL 402, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Ecol Engn, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, IATL 402, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM ytang@cgrer.uiowa.edu; gcarmich@icaen.uiowa.edu; kurata@eco.tut.ac.jp; iuno@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; rweber@eas.gatech.edu; cs222@prism.gatech.edu; sguttiku@cgrer.uiowa.edu; woojh21@cgrer.uiowa.edu; dstreets@anl.gov; chaowei@cgrer.uiowa.edu; tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu; huebert@hawaii.edu; tadand@atmos.washington.edu RI Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; wei, chao/E-4379-2011; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016 OI Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915 NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19S21 DI 10.1029/2003JD003806 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846SO UT WOS:000223336800002 ER PT J AU Kizilkaya, O Hite, DA Zehner, DM Sprunger, PT AF Kizilkaya, O Hite, DA Zehner, DM Sprunger, PT TI Surface reconstruction of FeAl(110) studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID RIPPLED RELAXATION; NIAL(110) SURFACE; ALUMINIDES AB The surface geometric and electronic structure of the FeAl(110) intermetallic alloy has been investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Preferential sputtering results in depletion of Al in the surface region and subsequent annealing promotes surface segregation of Al and gives rise to new reconstructed phases. A bulk terminated surface structure is obtained after annealing the surface to 400 degreesC. However, an incommensurate phase develops above 800 degreesC with a stoichiometry consistent with an FeAl2 structure in the topmost layer. The ARPES measurements confirm the Al segregation with increased density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level. The increased DOS is believed to be due to hybridization between the Fe d and Al sp states. The increased intensity of the Al 2p core level for the incommensurate phase also confirms the higher Al surface concentration for this phase. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kizilkaya, O (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. EM phils@lsu.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 30 BP 5395 EP 5406 AR PII S0953-8984(04)81652-7 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/30/002 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847XL UT WOS:000223431300008 ER PT J AU Luo, SN Swift, DC Mulford, RN Drummond, ND Ackland, GJ AF Luo, SN Swift, DC Mulford, RN Drummond, ND Ackland, GJ TI Performance of an ab initio equation of state for magnesium oxide SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LOWER MANTLE; MGO AB A thermodynamically complete ab initio equation of state (EOS) for MgO was obtained using electron density functional theory and the quasiharmonic phonon approximation, and adjusted to match the ambient density. This EOS was demonstrated to be consistent with isotherm, thermal expansivity, heat capacity and melting curve measured in static experiments, and reproduced density and temperature measurements under shock wave loading of bulk and porous periclase. The Gruneisen parameter of periclase at a given density was shown to be weakly dependent on temperature. The B1-B2 phase change was calculated to occur near 320 GPa on the principal Hugoniot. The melting locus of periclase, relevant to the Earth's lower mantle pressures, was predicted to be accessible by shock wave loading of porous periclase, which could also put pressure and temperature bounds on B1-B2 transitions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-24 Plasma Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010; Ackland, Graeme/H-2215-2015; Drummond, Neil/N-3129-2016 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541; Ackland, Graeme/0000-0002-1205-7675; Drummond, Neil/0000-0003-0128-9523 NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 30 BP 5435 EP 5442 AR PII S0953-8984(04)79019-0 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/30/006 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847XL UT WOS:000223431300012 ER PT J AU Fishman, RS AF Fishman, RS TI Double exchange in a magnetically frustrated system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED VILLAIN MODEL; SPIN-WAVE THEORY; PHASE-SEPARATION; METAL TRANSITION; MANGANITE; MAGNETS; DIAGRAM; FIELD AB This work examines the magnetic order and spin dynamics of a double-exchange model with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg interactions between the local moments. The Heisenberg interactions are periodically arranged in a Villain configuration in two dimensions with nearest-neighbour, ferromagnetic coupling J and antiferromagnetic coupling -etaJ. This model is solved at zero temperature by performing a 1/rootS expansion in the rotated reference frame of each local moment. When eta exceeds a critical value, the ground state is a magnetically frustrated, canted antiferromagnet. With increasing hopping energy t or magnetic field B, the local moments become aligned and the ferromagnetic phase is stabilized above critical values of t or B. In the canted phase, a charge-density wave forms because the electrons prefer to sit on lines of sites that are coupled ferromagnetically. Due to a change in the topology of the Fermi surface from closed to open, phase separation occurs in a narrow range of parameters in the canted phase. In zero field, the long-wavelength spin waves are isotropic in the region of phase separation. Whereas the average spin-wave stiffness in the canted phase increases with t or eta, it exhibits a more complicated dependence on field. This work strongly suggests that the jump in the spin-wave stiffness observed in Pr1-xCaxMnO3 with 0.3 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.4 at a field of 3 T is caused by the delocalization of the electrons rather than by the alignment of the antiferromagnetic regions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fishman, RS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 30 BP 5483 EP 5501 AR PII S0953-8984(04)79178-X DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/30/011 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847XL UT WOS:000223431300017 ER PT J AU Turchi, PEA Waterstrat, RM Kuentzler, R Drchal, V Kudrnovsky, J AF Turchi, PEA Waterstrat, RM Kuentzler, R Drchal, V Kudrnovsky, J TI Electronic and phase stability properties of V-X (X = Pd, Rh, Ru) alloys SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID VANADIUM-RUTHENIUM ALLOYS; CONSTITUTION DIAGRAM; DENSITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PALLADIUM; SYSTEMS AB In this work, we focus on the ordered structures of V-X systems, where X = Ru, Rh, Pd, and relate the variation in the difference of the numbers of valence electrons of the alloy constituents to the information contained in the constitution phase diagrams, and the electronic and stability properties. The electronic properties deduced from the low-temperature specific heat studies are presented for the V-Ru and V-Rh systems and compared with those of the V-Pd alloys for which new experimental results are also included. The theoretical analysis based on first-principles electronic structure calculations confirms the measured variation of the electronic specific heat coefficients with alloy composition, and predicts specific ordering trends in the V-X systems. The superconducting properties are described for the V-X disordered alloys, the ordered V1-xRhx and V1-xRux systems, and are related to their structural instability. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CNRS, IPCM, Inst Phys, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-353, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI KUDRNOVSKY, Josef/G-5581-2014; Drchal, Vaclav/G-6259-2014 OI KUDRNOVSKY, Josef/0000-0002-9968-6748; Drchal, Vaclav/0000-0002-6628-7417 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 30 BP 5615 EP 5630 AR PII S0953-8984(04)81212-8 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/30/021 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847XL UT WOS:000223431300027 ER PT J AU McIlroy, N Moore, S Zhang, DQ Wharton, J Kempton, B Littleton, R Wilson, M Tritt, TM Olson, CG AF McIlroy, N Moore, S Zhang, DQ Wharton, J Kempton, B Littleton, R Wilson, M Tritt, TM Olson, CG TI Observation of a semimetal-semiconductor phase transition in the intermetallic ZrTe5 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID FERMI-SURFACE; EFFECTIVE MASSES; DENSITY; HFTE5 AB Temperature dependent high-resolution angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy has been performed on the quasi-two-dimensional compound ZrTe5, a metal at low temperatures (T less than or equal to 4.2 K) that exhibits a maximum resistivity at a temperature (T-C), concomitant with a sign change of the thermopower. A semiconducting gap has been observed in the photoemission spectra, where the valence band maximum shifts upward from 82 meV (75 K) to 40 meV (170 K) as a function of temperature. The band shifts are accompanied by small band distortions. Based on the photoemission experiments, in conjunction with the metallic character of ZrTe5 at low temperatures, we have modelled the thermopower of ZrTe5 by treating it as a metal at low temperatures and a semiconductor at elevated temperatures. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab 102A, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tulsa, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, E&P Bldg, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 105 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 30 BP L359 EP L365 AR PII S0953-8984(04)82231-8 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/30/L02 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 847XL UT WOS:000223431300002 ER PT J AU Biju, V Micic, M Hu, DH Lu, HP AF Biju, V Micic, M Hu, DH Lu, HP TI Intermittent single-molecule interfacial electron transfer dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE FILMS; CHARGE-TRANSFER; TIO2 NANOPARTICLE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CRESYL VIOLET; SOLAR-CELLS; HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS; POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; DYE-SENSITIZATION AB We report on single-molecule studies of photosensitized interfacial electron transfer (ET) processes in Coumarin 343 (C343)-TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) and Cresyl Violet (CV+)-TiO2 NP systems, using time-correlated single-photon counting coupled with scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence intensity trajectories of individual dye molecules adsorbed on a semiconductor NP surface showed fluorescence fluctuations and blinking, with time constants distributed from milliseconds to seconds. The fluorescence fluctuation dynamics were found to be inhomogeneous from molecule to molecule and from time to time, showing significant static and dynamic disorders in the interfacial ET reaction dynamics. We attribute fluorescence fluctuations to the interfacial ET reaction rate fluctuations, associating redox reactivity intermittency with the fluctuations of molecule-TiO2 electronic and Franck-Condon coupling. Intermittent interfacial ET dynamics of individual molecules could be characteristic of a surface chemical reaction strongly involved with and regulated by molecule-surface interactions. The intermittent interfacial reaction dynamics that likely occur among single molecules in other interfacial and surface chemical processes can typically be observed by single-molecule studies but not by conventional ensemble-averaged experiments. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, HP (reprint author), MP Biomed Inc, 15 Morgan, Irvine, CA 93618 USA. EM peter.lu@pnl.gov RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010; Vasudevan, Biju/K-6879-2015 OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963; NR 89 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 30 BP 9374 EP 9381 DI 10.1021/ja040057b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 841SE UT WOS:000222950900048 PM 15281829 ER PT J AU Norberg, NS Kittilstved, KR Amonette, JE Kukkadapu, RK Schwartz, DA Gamelin, DR AF Norberg, NS Kittilstved, KR Amonette, JE Kukkadapu, RK Schwartz, DA Gamelin, DR TI Synthesis of colloidal Mn2+: ZnO quantum dots and high-Tc ferromagnetic nanocrystalline thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MN-DOPED ZNO; ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ZINC-OXIDE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; ELECTRIC PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES AB We report the synthesis of colloidal Mn2+-doped ZnO (Mn2+:ZnO) quantum dots and the preparation of room-temperature ferromagnetic nanocrystalline thin films. Mn2+:ZnO nanocrystals were prepared by a hydrolysis and condensation reaction in DMSO under atmospheric conditions. Synthesis was monitored by electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. Zn(OAc)(2) was found to strongly inhibit oxidation of Mn2+ by O-2, allowing the synthesis of Mn2+:ZnO to be performed aerobically. Mn2+ ions were removed from the surfaces of as-prepared nanocrystals using dodecylamine to yield high-quality internally doped Mn2+ :ZnO colloids of nearly spherical shape and uniform diameter (6.1 +/- 0.7 nm). Simulations of the highly resolved X- and Q-band nanocrystal EPR spectra, combined with quantitative analysis of magnetic susceptibilities, confirmed that the manganese is substitutionally incorporated into the ZnO nanocrystals as Mn2+ with very homogeneous speciation, differing from bulk Mn2+ :ZnO only in the magnitude of D-strain. Robust ferromagnetism was observed in spin-coated thin films of the nanocrystals, with 300 K saturation moments as large as 1.35 mu(B)/Mn2+ and T-C > 350 K. A distinct ferromagnetic resonance signal was observed in the EPR spectra of the ferromagnetic films. The occurrence of ferromagnetism in Mn2+:ZnO and its dependence on synthetic variables are discussed in the context of these and previous theoretical and experimental results. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gamelin, DR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Gamelin@chem.washington.edu RI Kittilstved, Kevin/B-8204-2009 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES07033] NR 83 TC 327 Z9 329 U1 14 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 30 BP 9387 EP 9398 DI 10.1021/ja048427j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 841SE UT WOS:000222950900050 PM 15281831 ER PT J AU Hedin, N Graf, R Christiansen, SC Gervais, C Hayward, RC Eckert, J Chmelka, BF AF Hedin, N Graf, R Christiansen, SC Gervais, C Hayward, RC Eckert, J Chmelka, BF TI Structure of a surfactant-templated silicate framework in the absence of 3D crystallinity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; DOUBLE-QUANTUM NMR; LAYERED SILICATE; ROTATING SOLIDS; THROUGH-BOND; SI-29 NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; CONNECTIVITIES AB The structure of a novel molecularly ordered two-dimensional (2D) silicate framework in a surfactant-templated mesophase has been established by using a combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and quantum chemical and empirical force-field modeling. These materials are unusual in their combination of headgroup-directed 2D crystalline framework ordering, zeolite-like ring structures within the layers, and long-range mesoscopic organization without three-dimensional (3D) atomic periodicity. The absence of registry between the silicate sheets, resulting from the liquidlike disorder of the alkyl surfactant chains, has presented significant challenges to the determination of framework structures in these and similar materials lacking 3D crystalline order. Double-quantum Si-29 NMR correlation experiments establish the interactions and connectivities between distinct intra-sheet silicon sites from which the structure of the molecularly ordered inorganic framework is determined. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Chim Mat Condense, CNRS, UMR 7574, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Chmelka, BF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bradc@engineering.ucsb.edu RI Hedin, Niklas/F-2046-2011 OI Hedin, Niklas/0000-0002-7284-2974 NR 43 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 4 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 30 BP 9425 EP 9432 DI 10.1021/ja040030s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 841SE UT WOS:000222950900054 PM 15281835 ER PT J AU Pessanha, M Londer, YY Long, WC Erickson, J Pokkuluri, PR Schiffer, M Salgueiro, CA AF Pessanha, M Londer, YY Long, WC Erickson, J Pokkuluri, PR Schiffer, M Salgueiro, CA TI Redox characterization of Geobacter sulfurreducens cytochrome c(7): Physiological relevance of the conserved residue F15 probed by site-specific mutagenesis SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID C-TYPE CYTOCHROME; DESULFUROMONAS-ACETOXIDANS; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS; ENERGY TRANSDUCTION; SHEWANELLA-FRIGIDIMARINA; REDUCING BACTERIUM; FE(III) REDUCTION; 4 HEMES; C(3); NMR AB The complete genome sequence of the delta-proteobacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens reveals a large abundance of multiheme cytochromes. Cytochrome c(7), isolated from this metal ion-reducing bacterium, is a triheme periplasmic electron-transfer protein with M-r 9.6 kDa. This protein is involved in metal ion-reducing pathways and shares 56% sequence identity with a triheme cytochrome isolated from the closely related delta-proteobacterium Desulfuromonas acetoxidans (Dac(7)). In this work, two-dimensional NMR was used to monitor the heme core and the general folding in solution of the G. sulfurreducens triheme cytochrome c(7) (PpcA). NMR signals obtained for the three hemes of PpcA at different stages of oxidation were cross-assigned to the crystal structure [Pokkuluri, P. R., Londer, Y. Y., Duke, N. E. C., Long, W. C., and Schiffer, M. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 849-859] using the complete network of chemical exchange connectivities, and the order in which each heme becomes oxidized was determined at pH 6.0 and 8.2. Redox titrations followed by visible spectroscopy were also performed in order to monitor the macroscopic redox behavior of PpcA. The results obtained showed that PpcA and Dac(7) have different redox properties: (i) the order in which each heme becomes oxidized is different; (ii) the reduction potentials of the heme groups and the global redox behavior of PpcA are pH dependent (redox-Bohr effect) in the physiological pH range, which is not observed with Dac(7). The differences observed in the redox behavior of PpcA and Dac(7) may-account for the different functions of these proteins and constitute an excellent example of how homologous proteins can perform different physiological functions. The redox titrations followed by visible spectroscopy of PpcA and two mutants of the conserved residue F 15 (PpcAF15Y and PpcAF15W) lead to the conclusion that F15 modulates the redox behavior of PpcA, thus having an important physiological role. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, P-2780156 Oeiras, Portugal. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Quim, P-2829516 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Salgueiro, CA (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, Rua Quinta Grande 6, P-2780156 Oeiras, Portugal. EM cas@itqb.unl.pt RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; Salgueiro, Carlos/A-4522-2013; REQUIMTE, SMB/M-5694-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Salgueiro, Carlos/0000-0003-1136-809X; NR 45 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 30 BP 9909 EP 9917 DI 10.1021/bi0492859 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 841XI UT WOS:000222965100034 PM 15274645 ER PT J AU Considine, DB Connell, PS Bergmann, DJ Rotman, DA Strahan, SE AF Considine, DB Connell, PS Bergmann, DJ Rotman, DA Strahan, SE TI Sensitivity of Global Modeling Initiative model predictions of Antarctic ozone recovery to input meteorological fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; recovery; stratosphere ID DATA ASSIMILATION; NITROUS-OXIDE; STRATOSPHERIC WINDS; INORGANIC CHLORINE; TRANSPORT; VALIDATION; AGE; INSTRUMENT; SPECTRA; SMVGEAR AB We use the Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model to simulate the evolution of stratospheric ozone between 1995 and 2030, using boundary conditions consistent with the recent World Meteorological Organization ozone assessment. We compare the Antarctic ozone recovery predictions of two simulations, one driven by an annually repeated year of meteorological data from a general circulation model (GCM), the other using a year of output from a data assimilation system (DAS), to examine the sensitivity of Antarctic ozone recovery predictions to the characteristic dynamical differences between GCM- and DAS-generated meteorological data. Although the age of air in the Antarctic lower stratosphere differs by a factor of 2 between the simulations, we find little sensitivity of the 1995-2030 Antarctic ozone recovery between 350 and 650 K to the differing meteorological fields, particularly when the recovery is specified in mixing ratio units. Percent changes are smaller in the DAS-driven simulation compared to the GCM-driven simulation because of a surplus of Antarctic ozone in the DAS-driven simulation which is not consistent with observations. The peak ozone change between 1995 and 2030 in both simulations is similar to20% lower than photochemical expectations, indicating that changes in ozone transport due to changing ozone gradients at 450 K between 1995 and 2030 constitute a small negative feedback. Total winter/spring ozone loss during the base year (1995) of both simulations and the rate of ozone loss during August and September is somewhat weaker than observed. This appears to be due to underestimates of Antarctic C1(y) at the 450-K potential temperature level. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Considine, DB (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM david.b.considine@nasa.gov; connell2@llnl.gov; bergmann1@llnl.gov; rotman1@llnl.gov; strahan@code916.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012 OI Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D15 AR D15301 DI 10.1029/2003JD004487 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 846SG UT WOS:000223335900001 ER PT J AU Mangold, N Maurice, S Feldman, WC Costard, F Forget, F AF Mangold, N Maurice, S Feldman, WC Costard, F Forget, F TI Spatial relationships between patterned ground and ground ice detected by the Neutron Spectrometer on Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article DE ground ice; Mars; permafrost ID ORBITER CAMERA; POLYGONAL TERRAIN; SCALE; WATER; ODYSSEY; ORIGIN AB Patterned grounds, like polygonal features, are the signature of climatic effects in periglacial regions on Earth. Identifying similar features on Mars is important for an understanding of the past Martian climate. In this study we mapped fresh patterned landforms from the systematic analysis of Mars Orbiter Camera high-resolution images. We show that most of them are distributed at latitudes poleward of +/-55degrees, making a climatic control likely. This distribution correlates to the distribution of ground ice detected by the Neutron Spectrometer aboard Mars Odyssey. This correlation is likely the consequence of the Neutron Spectrometer detecting ice no deeper than about 1 m. Patterned ground formation requires ice in this range of depth because these features are triggered by the propagation of a thermal wave that is driven by seasonal or diurnal changes in insolation, which affect the temperature in the uppermost ground layers. Sublimation seems to play a role in the shaping of many of the small patterns observed at latitudes between 55degrees and 70degrees. No widespread polygonal features are correlated to the equatorial regions where hydrogen is detected by the Neutron Spectrometer. C1 CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Mangold, N (reprint author), CNRS, FRE2566,Bat 509, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM mangold@geol.u-psud.fr; sylvestre.maurice@cesr.fr; wfeldman@lanl.gov; fcostard@geol.u-psud.fr; francois.forget@lmd.jussieu.fr NR 34 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 109 IS E8 AR E08001 DI 10.1029/2004JE002235 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 846TH UT WOS:000223338700001 ER PT J AU Gotmar, G Guiochon, G AF Gotmar, G Guiochon, G TI Experimental validation of an affinity energy distribution calculated with the expectation maximization method SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BETA-BLOCKERS; ADSORPTION; ENANTIOMERS; PHASE AB The difference between the average energies of the high-energy modes of the adsorption energy distributions of (S)-alprenolol and (R)-alprenolol on a chiral stationary phase calculated by the expectation maximization method agree well with the difference between the adsorption energies of these two compounds measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 16 BP 6521 EP 6523 DI 10.1021/la040023h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 843GN UT WOS:000223066700001 PM 15274546 ER PT J AU Khalil, H Mahajan, D Rafailovich, M Gelfer, M Pandya, K AF Khalil, H Mahajan, D Rafailovich, M Gelfer, M Pandya, K TI Synthesis of zerovalent nanophase metal particles stabilized with poly(ethylene glycol) SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS IRON NANOPARTICLES; SONOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; COATINGS; SURFACE; CATALYSTS; OXIDE; GOLD; ULTRASOUND AB Concurrent sonolysis of iron pentacarbonyl and poly(ethylene glycol)-400 (PEG-400) in hexadecane solvent proceeds via zero-order kinetics and results in Fe nanoparticles encapsulated in PEG-400 (Fe-PEG). The transmission electron microscopy images show Fe-PEG consisting of <3 nm Fe particles that are evenly dispersed in the PEG matrix. Mossbauer and X-ray absorption fine structure/X-ray absorption near-edge structure data reveal an ordered PEG assembly that helps protect the zerovalent Fe core. The Fe nanoparticles in Fe-PEG are superparamagnetic with a magnetization value of 45 emu/g-Fe at 10 KOe. The rheology of the synthesized material shows an unusual increase in viscosity with temperature that is likely due to lower critical saturation temperature phase segregation over 40 degreesC. The low-temperature mobility of the PEG-400 moiety in Fe-PEG would allow facile ligation of the Fe-0 core with biologically and chemically active groups. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SFA, Adv Technol Div, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dmahajan@bnl.gov NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 16 BP 6896 EP 6903 DI 10.1021/la0497402 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 843GN UT WOS:000223066700056 PM 15274601 ER PT J AU Xu, CL Wu, GW Liu, Z Wu, DH Meek, TT Han, QY AF Xu, CL Wu, GW Liu, Z Wu, DH Meek, TT Han, QY TI Preparation of copper nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes by electroless plating method SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; COMPOSITES; DEPOSITION; DECORATION; FABRICATION AB Densely distributed copper nanoparticles have been deposited on the surface of carbon nanotubes with a size of similar to10 nm by the electroless plating method. It has been found that the pretreatment of the carbon nanotubes is very important to obtain the copper nanoparticles on the carbon nanotubes; in our experiments, one-step pretreatment of mixed HNO3 and H2SO4 was found effective. In order to attain nanosized copper particles, the electroless plating parameters should be closely controlled; e.g., the pH value of the plating solution, the temperature, and the concentration and titrating speed of HCOH were critical. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, CL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cxu2@utk.edu NR 21 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD AUG 3 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1499 EP 1505 DI 10.1016/j.materresbull.2004.04.021 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 840DO UT WOS:000222837400013 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Rawn, CJ AF Schneibel, JH Rawn, CJ TI Thermal expansion anisotropy of ternary titanium silicides based on Ti5Si3 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; intermetallic phases; transition metal silicides; thermal expansion ID ADDITIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOUND; MO5SI3 AB The anisotropy of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Ti5Si3, defined as the ratio of the CTEs in the c and a directions, has a value of 2.7. In this paper we investigate the influence of ternary alloying additions on this value. Whereas Nb and Ta additions did not change the CTE anisotropy significantly, additions of V, Cr, Zr and Hf reduced it to values close to 2. According to Fu et al.'s ab initio model for the CTE anisotropy in 5-3 compounds with chain structures [Acta Mater. 51 (2003) 5083] the site occupations of the ternary alloying additions are crucial for determining the CTE anisotropy. These site occupations were determined for Zr and Nb additions and are consistent with the observed CTE anisotropy values. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schneibeljh@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 13 BP 3843 EP 3848 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.04.033 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 843NR UT WOS:000223091100008 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Hashimoto, N Farrell, K AF Byun, TS Hashimoto, N Farrell, K TI Temperature dependence of strain hardening and plastic instability behaviors in austenitic stainless steels SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE austenitic stainless steels; temperature dependence; plastic instability stress; strain-hardening behavior ID PARTIAL DISLOCATION SEPARATION; TARGET CONTAINER MATERIALS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFORMATION; PROTON; MICROSTRUCTURES; MARTENSITE; STRESS AB The temperature dependencies of true strain-hardening and plastic-in stability properties are investigated for austenitic stainless steels; including annealed 304, 316 316LN, and 20% cold-worked 316LN, at test temperatures from -150 to 450 degreesC. In both annealed and cold-worked conditions, strength decreases with increasing temperature, while ductility peaks below room temperature and is least at about 400 degreesC. At room temperature or below, the strain-hardening behavior exhibits two stages consisting of a rapid decrease for small strains and an increase-decrease cycle before plastic instability occurs. At higher temperatures the strain-hardening rate decreases monotonically with strain. The characteristics of these strain-hardening behaviors are explained by changes in deformation microstructure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the deformed 316LN steel shows that twins, stacking faults, and/or martensite laths, along with dislocations, are formed at subzero temperatures, and dislocation-dominant microstructures at elevated temperatures. It is also shown that the average strain-hardening rate during necking to failure is almost equal to the true stress at the onset of necking. This stress is called the plastic instability stress (PIS). Cold-worked specimens fail by prompt necking at yield when the yield stress exceeds the PIS of annealed material, indicating that the PIS is independent of prior cold work. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS-6151,1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS-6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM byunts@ornl.gov RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012 NR 45 TC 130 Z9 142 U1 7 U2 84 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 13 BP 3889 EP 3899 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.003 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 843NR UT WOS:000223091100013 ER PT J AU Ge, D Domnich, V Juliano, T Stach, EA Gogotsi, Y AF Ge, D Domnich, V Juliano, T Stach, EA Gogotsi, Y TI Structural damage in boron carbide under contact loading SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE boron carbide; scratch test; nanoindentation; transmission electron microscopy; Raman spectroscopy ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSFORMATIONS; RAMAN-SPECTRA; SPHERICAL INDENTERS; NANOINDENTATION; SILICON; INDENTATION; AMORPHIZATION; B4C; SPECTROSCOPY AB A systematic study of mechanical deformation of boron carbide under contact loading is conducted using scratching and depth-sensing indentation (nanoindentation). Both single crystal and polycrystalline materials are investigated by means of Raman microspectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High resolution TEM images of scratch debris reveal various microstructural changes including formation of nanocrystals, as well as lattice shearing and distortion on nanoscale. Deformation bands and microcracks oriented along the (1 1 3) planes are visible in cross-sectional TEM micrographs of indentations. Narrow amorphous bands and local disordered areas are observed in plan-view TEM images. Evidence for a high-pressure amorphous phase is also presented. It is concluded that scratching and nanoindentation change the microstructure of boron carbide in a similar manner. In addition, the evidence for formation of sp(2) hybridized carbon as a result of structural changes induced by contact loading is found by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gogotsi, Y (reprint author), Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM yg36@drexel.edu RI Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032; Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 41 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 13 BP 3921 EP 3927 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.007 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 843NR UT WOS:000223091100016 ER PT J AU Russell, AM Zhang, Z Lograsso, TA Lo, CCH Pecharsky, AO Morris, JR Ye, Y Gschneidner, KA Slager, AJ AF Russell, AM Zhang, Z Lograsso, TA Lo, CCH Pecharsky, AO Morris, JR Ye, Y Gschneidner, KA Slager, AJ TI Mechanical properties of single crystal YAg SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE intermetallic phases; dislocation; rare earth; plastic deformation transmission electron microscopy; yttrium-silver; slip systems ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; DISLOCATION NUCLEATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SYSTEMS; DEFORMATION; TRANSITION; ALLOYS; CRACK AB YAg, a rare earth-precious metal "line compound", is one member of the family of B2 rare earth intermetallic compounds that exhibit high ductilities. Tensile tests of polycrystalline YAg specimens have produced elongations as high as 27% before failure. In the present work. single crystal specimens of YAg with the B2, CsCl-type crystal structure were tensile tested at room temperature. Specimens with a tensile axis orientation of [01 (1) over bar] displayed slip lines on the specimen faces corresponding to slip on the {110}<10 10> with a critical resolved shear stress of 13 MPa. A specimen with a tensile axis orientation of [10 0] showed no slip lines and began to crack at a stress of 300 MPa. The test specimens also displayed some slip lines whose position corresponded to slip on the {100}<010> these slip lines were found near intersections of {110}<010> slip lines, which suggests that the {100}<010> may be a secondary slip system in YAg. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination of the crystals was performed after tensile testing and the dislocations observed were analyzed by g (.) b = 0 out of contrast analysis. This TEM analysis indicated that the predominant Burgers vector for the dislocations present was <111> with some <011> dislocations also being observed. This finding is inconsistent with the <010> slip direction determined by slip line analysis, and possible explanations for this surprising finding are presented. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Russell, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM russell@iastate.edu RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012; OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047; Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 18 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 13 BP 4033 EP 4040 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.05.019 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 843NR UT WOS:000223091100027 ER PT J AU Allain, LR Stratis-Cullum, DN Vo-Dinh, T AF Allain, LR Stratis-Cullum, DN Vo-Dinh, T TI Investigation of microfabrication of biological sample arrays using piezoelectric and bubble-jet printing technologies SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ink-jet; bubble-jet; spotting; array; DNA; microarray; Bacillus anthracis; hybridization ID INK-JET; BIOCHIP; FABRICATION; SEQUENCE AB Modified commercial ink-jet printers are simple and cost-effective tools for the fabrication of microarrays containing biological samples. In this paper, the two most common ink-dispensing technologies, thermal and piezoelectric, were investigated, tested, and compared in terms of their ease of use and spotting quality. Ink cartridges were used as sample reservoirs and refilled with small volumes (as low as 20 muL) of water-based sample solutions containing herring sperm DNA and fluorescent dyes. Different solution compositions were evaluated and compared. Microscopic spots ( < 200 mum) were printed on various membranes (cellulose, nylon, nitrocellulose, and Zeta-Probe) and glass microscope slides. This technique enabled rapid preparation of a large number of printed arrays of biological materials at extremely low cost. To further demonstrate the utility of the microarray platform, we performed an assay of Bacillus anthracis, detected through DNA hybridization using fluorescent probes complementary to the B. anthracis target printed on a membrane. A comparison of Zeta-Probe and nylon membranes yielded less non-specific binding when using the Zeta-Probe membrane. In addition, detection of 100 fmol of the target per printed spot was demonstrated. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Biomed Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Merck & Co Inc, Pharmaceut Anal & Control, W Point, PA 19486 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stratis-Cullum, DN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Biomed Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dstratis-cullum@arl.army.mil NR 22 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 518 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.065 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 842LM UT WOS:000223005700009 ER PT J AU Sell, C Christensen, C Muehlmeier, J Tuttle, G Li, ZY Ho, KM AF Sell, C Christensen, C Muehlmeier, J Tuttle, G Li, ZY Ho, KM TI Integrated horns for improved side coupling into in-plane three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We examine the frequency response and radiation patterns for horn antennas constructed into a three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystal. These horns resemble a pyramidal cavity and can be built by omitting material during the construction or by removing material from the finished crystal. The horns can be used to couple electromagnetic waves that are incident on the surface of a photonic crystal into an in-plane waveguide within the crystal. The horns are of a design suitable for use at optical frequencies. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Sell, C (reprint author), Iowa Thin Film Technol, 2337 230th St, Boone, IA 50036 USA. EM gtuttle@iastate.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 5 BP 707 EP 709 DI 10.1063/1.1772860 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841YS UT WOS:000222969200003 ER PT J AU Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Nastasi, M AF Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Nastasi, M TI Synergism between low-energy neutral particles and energetic ions in the pulsed glow discharge deposition of diamond-like carbon films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Diamond-like carbon films were deposited using pulsed glow discharge deposition at 4 kV. The duty factor was varied and all other parameters were kept constant. It was shown that the contribution of neutral particles to the total number of deposition atoms is much larger than that of energetic ions. At the same time, there is a relationship between the deposition of neutral particles and ion bombardment. The sticking coefficient of the neutral particles in proportional to the flux of energetic ions and does not exceed 5x10(-4) for the deposition parameters used in our experiment. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Afanasyev-Charkin, IV (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ivan@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 5 BP 718 EP 720 DI 10.1063/1.1775876 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841YS UT WOS:000222969200007 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Felter, TE Anthamatten, M Bradby, JE AF Kucheyev, SO Felter, TE Anthamatten, M Bradby, JE TI Deformation behavior of ion-irradiated polyimide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS; IMPLANTATION AB We study nanoindentation hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength of polyimide (Kapton H) films bombarded with MeV light ions in the predominantly electronic stopping power regime. Results show that, for all the ion irradiation conditions studied, bombardment increases the hardness and Young's modulus and decreases the tensile strength. These changes depend close to linearly on ion fluence and superlinearly (with a power-law exponent factor of similar to1.5) on electronic energy loss. Physical mechanisms of radiation-induced changes to mechanical properties of polyimide are discussed. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kucheyev1@llnl.gov RI Bradby, Jodie/A-8963-2009 OI Bradby, Jodie/0000-0002-9560-8400 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 5 BP 733 EP 735 DI 10.1063/1.1776618 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841YS UT WOS:000222969200012 ER PT J AU Xiao, YN Wittmer, DE Izumi, F Mini, S Graber, T Viccaro, PJ AF Xiao, YN Wittmer, DE Izumi, F Mini, S Graber, T Viccaro, PJ TI Determination of cations distribution in Mn3O4 by anomalous x-ray powder diffraction SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIETVELD-ANALYSIS PROGRAM; CHEMICAL-STATE ANALYSIS; SPECTRO-DIFFRACTOMETRY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; VALENCE; HAUSMANNITE; SCATTERING; DISTORTION; PARAMETERS AB The oxidation states of Mn at two different crystallographic sites in the distorted spinel structure of Mn3O4 were determined by the approach of anomalous synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction. The real parts of anomalous scattering factors for the two Mn sites were refined from a series of powder diffraction patterns collected at the vicinity of K absorption edge of Mn. The results of Rietveld refinements showed that the two distinct cation sites can obviously be distinguished from each other and that Mn2+ ions occupy the tetrahedral site and Mn3+ ions are located at the octahedral site. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60537 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiao, YN (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Energy Proc, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM xiao@aps.anl.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 5 BP 736 EP 738 DI 10.1063/1.1776326 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841YS UT WOS:000222969200013 ER PT J AU Kalinin, SV Gruverman, A Bonnell, DA AF Kalinin, SV Gruverman, A Bonnell, DA TI Quantitative analysis of nanoscale switching in SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films by piezoresponse force microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS AB Local switching properties in SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films have been studied by spatially resolved piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and spectroscopy. Variations in PFM contrast of individual grains due to their random crystallographic orientation are consistent with the grain switching behavior examined via vertical and lateral hysteresis loops. Theoretical description of vertical hysteresis loop shape obtained in the point-charge approximation is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Dependence of the hysteresis loop parameters on the grain crystallographic orientation is analyzed. It has been found that grain deviation from the ideal (010) orientation when the polar axis is normal to the film plane results in the decrease of the PFM signal and increase of the coercive voltage in agreement with theoretical predictions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Gruverman, alexei/P-3537-2014 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Gruverman, alexei/0000-0003-0492-2750 NR 15 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 5 BP 795 EP 797 DI 10.1063/1.1775881 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841YS UT WOS:000222969200033 ER PT J AU Chang, CM Castro Neto, AH Bishop, AR AF Chang, CM Castro Neto, AH Bishop, AR TI Long-range charge transfer in periodic DNA through polaron diffusion SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; CYTOSINE BASE-PAIR; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PROTON-TRANSFER; RADICAL IONS; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; HOLE TRANSFER; TRANSPORT; GUANINE; DISTANCE AB Recent experimental evidence shows that the pi orbitals along the stacking of base pairs can facilitate the long-range charge transfer in DNA [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120 (1998) 12950; Chem. Biol. 6 (1999) 85; Nature 382 (1996) 731]. Proton motion in the base pair hydrogen bonds has also been found to affect the transfer rate. To explain this behavior we propose a model considering interactions of doped charges with hydrogen bonds and vibrations in DNA. The charge trapped by either protons or vibrations can cause structural distortions leading to polaron formation. By further considering polaron diffusion in DNA we find that the charge transfer rate derived from the diffusion coefficient is in good agreement with the experimental results in poly(A)-poly(T) DNA (k(o) similar to 10(10) s(-1)). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chang, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, 1341 Massachusetts Ave 202, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM chunmin@physast.uga.edu RI Castro Neto, Antonio/C-8363-2014 OI Castro Neto, Antonio/0000-0003-0613-4010 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 303 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.05.015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 839LO UT WOS:000222786800023 ER PT J AU Veil, JA Puder, MG Elcock, D AF Veil, JA Puder, MG Elcock, D TI Government develops innovative, interactive drilling-waste MIS SO OIL & GAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Workshop on Waste Management in the Petroleum Industry CY JUN 16-18, 2004 CL Inter Univ Ctr, Petroleum Engn Summer Sch, Dubrovnik, CROATIA HO Inter Univ Ctr, Petroleum Engn Summer Sch C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Veil, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. EM jveil@anl.gov; puder@anl.gov; elcock@anl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0030-1388 J9 OIL GAS J JI Oil Gas J. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 29 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 843TZ UT WOS:000223110800011 ER PT J AU Li, YH Protopopescu, VA Gorin, A AF Li, YH Protopopescu, VA Gorin, A TI Accelerated simulated tempering SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-MINIMA PROBLEM; MONTE-CARLO SCHEME; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; OPTIMIZATION AB We propose a new stochastic global optimization method by accelerating the simulated tempering scheme with random walks executed on a temperature ladder with various transition step sizes. By suitably choosing the length of the transition steps, the accelerated scheme enables the search process to execute large jumps and escape entrapment in local minima, while retaining the capability to explore local details, whenever warranted. Our simulations confirm the expected improvements and show that the accelerated simulated tempering scheme has a much faster convergence to the target distribution than Geyer and Thompson's simulated tempering algorithm and exhibits accuracy comparable to the simulated annealing method. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Gorin, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM agor@ornl.gov RI Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 328 IS 4-5 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2004.05.067 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 842KX UT WOS:000223004100004 ER PT J AU Peryt, TM Peryt, D Jasionowski, M Poberezhskyy, AV Durakiewicz, T AF Peryt, TM Peryt, D Jasionowski, M Poberezhskyy, AV Durakiewicz, T TI Post-evaporitic restricted deposition in the Middle Miocene Chokrakian-Karaganian of East Crimea (Ukraine) SO SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BASIN; FORAMINIFERA AB In the Middle Miocene of East Crimea, gypsum evaporites formed in a shallow basin from mixed seawater-nonmarine waters are overlain by marl, siltstone and claystone which contain a few horizons of stromatolitic limestone. The thickness and abundance of the stromatolitic horizons increase up the section. In the siliciclastic portion of the section, a very poor and taxonomically impoverished assemblage of benthic foraminifers (Jadammina, Nonion, Haynesina, Astrononion and Eponides) is recorded. It is typical for a shallow water marsh or lagoon environment with a lowered salinity. Accordingly, the brackish conditions prevailing during gypsum precipitation in East Crimea continued afterwards, although at the end of evaporite deposition the basin became desiccated and then it was rapidly reflooded by brackish water. The impoverished biota and the occurrence of microbialites in the Ptashkino section indicate extremely unfavourable conditions for most living organisms during the deposition of both the terrigenous and carbonate beds. The water salinity thus was probably not only lowered but also anomalous in composition if compared to normal marine water. The occurrence of carbonate stromatolitic horizons is probably related to the periodic shallowing of the basin caused by a drop of the lake water table driven by climatic factors. The resulted changes allowed for a growth of the bizarre microbial-serpulid communities that gave birth to most of the stromatolites. In Karaganian time, the Eastern Paratethys was a huge lake isolated from the Tethys. This lake responded to any climatic fluctuation that in turn might lead to water level oscillations. In humid climate periods, the lake could be open with a surface outflow and, when it was drier, it could be a closed system without surface outflow. Gypsum evaporites and stromatolitic carbonates are clear evidence of strong evaporation in a dry climate that probably induced water level fall in the whole basin. However, all the time the environmental conditions were predominantly brackish, even during gypsum precipitation as suggested by the chemical composition of fluid inclusions in gypsum. Similar conditions may be expected in other evaporite-hosted, predominantly brackish basins, such as some Messinian basins of the eastern Mediterranean, where some evaporites were deposited in the oligohaline to mesohaline conditions typical of the Lago Mare deposits. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Panstwowy Inst Geol, PL-00975 Warsaw, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Paleobiol, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Geol & Geochem Combustible Minerals, UA-79053 Lvov, Ukraine. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, Mass Spectrometry Lab, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peryt, TM (reprint author), Panstwowy Inst Geol, Ul Rakowiecka 4, PL-00975 Warsaw, Poland. EM tperyt@pgi.waw.pl OI Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0037-0738 J9 SEDIMENT GEOL JI Sediment. Geol. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 170 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.04.003 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA 849GE UT WOS:000223525900002 ER PT J AU Afanasyev-Charkin, I Nastasi, M AF Afanasyev-Charkin, I Nastasi, M TI Hard Si-N-C coatings produced by pulsed glow discharge deposition SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Plasma-Based Ion Implantation CY SEP 17-19, 2003 CL San Antonio, TX SP SW Res Inst DE plasma source ion implantation (PSH); plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII); amorphous; silicon nitride; silicon carbide ID SILICON CARBONITRIDE FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PROCESSING TECHNIQUE AB Hard Si-N-C films with different concentration of carbon were obtained using pulsed glow discharge deposition (PGD) at 4 kV pulsed voltage. The gases used in this study were silane (SiH4), nitrogen (N-2) and acetylene (C2H2). The FTIR analysis of the films showed the existence of bonds between all components of the ternary system. The absence of separation of the structure into binary components such as silicon nitride and carbon nitride leads to the high hardness of the films. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nastasi, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nasty@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 186 IS 1-2 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.04.005 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 840GB UT WOS:000222844200021 ER PT J AU Iyer, SS Anderson, AS Reed, S Swanson, B Schmidt, EG AF Iyer, SS Anderson, AS Reed, S Swanson, B Schmidt, EG TI Synthesis of orthogonal end functionalized oligoethylene glycols of defined lengths (vol 45, pg 4285, 5004) SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schmidt, EG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS E529, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jschmidt@lan1.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD AUG 2 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 32 BP 6207 EP 6207 DI 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.06.041 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 842NB UT WOS:000223010000027 ER PT J AU Ruiz, F Hazemann, I Mitschler, A Joachimiak, A Schneider, T Karplus, M Podjarny, A AF Ruiz, F Hazemann, I Mitschler, A Joachimiak, A Schneider, T Karplus, M Podjarny, A TI The crystallographic structure of the aldose reductase-IDD552 complex shows direct proton donation from tyrosine 48 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; INHIBITOR; PROGRAM; ELECTROSTATICS; DEHYDROGENASE; SUPERFAMILY; SIMULATIONS AB The X-ray crystal structure of human aldose reductase (ALR2) in complex with the inhibitor IDD552 was determined using crystals obtained from two crystallization conditions with different pH values ( pH 5 and 8). In both structures the charged carboxylic head of the inhibitor binds to the active site, making hydrogen-bond interactions with His110 and Tyr48 and electrostatic interactions with NADP+. There is an important difference between the two structures: the observation of a double conformation of the carboxylic acid moiety of the inhibitor at pH 8, with one water molecule interacting with the main configuration. This is the first time that a water molecule has been observed deep inside the ALR2 active site. Furthermore, in the configuration with the lower occupancy factor the difference electron-density map shows a clear peak (2.5sigma) for the H atom in the hydrogen bond between the inhibitor's carboxylic acid and the Tyr48 side-chain O atom. The position of this peak implies that this H atom is shared between both O atoms, indicating possible direct proton transfer from this residue to the inhibitor. This fact agrees with the model of the catalytic mechanism, in which the proton is donated by the Tyr48 hydroxyl to the substrate. These observations are useful both in drug design and in understanding the ALR2 mechanism. C1 ULP, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC,UPR Biol Struct, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL USA. FIRC Inst Mol Oncol, I-20139 Milan, Italy. ULP, ISIS, Lab Chim Biophys, F-67083 Strasbourg, France. Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Podjarny, A (reprint author), ULP, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC,UPR Biol Struct, 1 Rue Laurent Fries,BP 163, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM podjarny@titus.u-strasbg.fr RI Schneider, Thomas/B-7442-2011; OI Schneider, Thomas/0000-0001-6955-7374; Podjarny, Alberto/0000-0002-7685-1077 NR 51 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1347 EP 1354 DI 10.1107/S0907444904011370 PN 8 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 839NL UT WOS:000222791700001 PM 15272156 ER PT J AU Golan, G Zharkov, DO Fernandes, AS Zaika, E Kycia, JH Wawrzak, Z Grollman, AP Shoham, G AF Golan, G Zharkov, DO Fernandes, AS Zaika, E Kycia, JH Wawrzak, Z Grollman, AP Shoham, G TI Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of endonuclease VIII in its uncomplexed form SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GLYCOSYLASE; REPAIR AB The Escherichia coli DNA repair enzyme endonuclease VIII (EndoVIII or Nei) excises oxidized pyrimidines from damaged DNA substrates. It overlaps in substrate specificity with endonuclease III and may serve as a back-up for this enzyme in E. coli. The three-dimensional structure of Nei covalently complexed with DNA has been recently determined, revealing the critical amino-acid residues required for DNA binding and catalytic activity. Based on this information, several site-specific mutants of the enzyme have been tested for activity against various substrates. Although the crystal structure of the DNA-bound enzyme has been fully determined, the important structure of the free enzyme has not previously been analyzed. In this report, the crystallization and preliminary crystallographic characterization of DNA-free Nei are described. Four different crystal habits are reported for wild-type Nei and two of its catalytic mutants. Despite being crystallized under different conditions, all habits belong to the same crystal form, with the same space group (I222) and a similar crystallographic unit cell ( average parameters a = 57.7, b = 80.2, c = 169.7 Angstrom). Two of these crystal habits, I and IV, appear to be suitable for full crystallographic analysis. Crystal habit I was obtained by vapour diffusion using PEG 8000, glycerol and calcium acetate. Crystal habit IV was obtained by a similar method using PEG 400 and magnesium chloride. Both crystals are mechanically strong and stable in the X-ray beam once frozen under cold nitrogen gas. A full diffraction data set has recently been collected from a wild-type Nei crystal of habit I ( 2.6 Angstrom resolution, 85.2% completeness, R-merge = 9.8%). Additional diffraction data were collected from an Nei-R252A crystal of habit IV (2.05 Angstrom resolution, 99.9% completeness, R-merge = 6.0%) and an Nei-E2A crystal of habit IV ( 2.25 Angstrom resolution, 91.7% completeness, R-merge = 6.2%). These diffraction data were collected at 95 - 100 K using a synchrotron X-ray source and a CCD area detector. All three data sets are currently being used to obtain crystallographic phasing via molecular-replacement techniques. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Lab Struct Chem & Biol, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Biol & Fundamental Med, Siberian Div, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Biol Chem Lab, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Synchrotron Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shoham, G (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Inorgan Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM gil2@vms.huji.ac.il RI Zharkov, Dmitry/K-2158-2012 OI Zharkov, Dmitry/0000-0001-5013-0194 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA17395] NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1476 EP 1480 DI 10.1107/S0907444904013241 PN 8 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 839NL UT WOS:000222791700027 PM 15272182 ER PT J AU Lu, ZM Zhang, DX AF Lu, ZM Zhang, DX TI Analytical solutions to steady state unsaturated flow in layered, randomly heterogeneous soils via Kirchhoff transformation SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE analytical solutions; unsaturated flow; heterogeneity; uncertainty ID STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; TRANSIENT FLOW; MONTE-CARLO; MEDIA AB In this study. we derive analytical solutions of the first two moments (mean and variance) of pressure head for one-dimensional steady state unsaturated flow in a randomly heterogeneous layered soil column under random boundary conditions. We first linearize the steady state unsaturated flow equations by Kirchhoff transformation and solve the moments of the transformed variable up to second order in terms of sigma(gamma) and sigma(beta), the standard deviations of log hydraulic conductivity Y = ln(K-s) and of the log pore size distribution parameter beta = ln(alpha). In addition, we also give solutions for the mean and variance of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The analytical solutions of moment equations are validated via Monte Carlo simulations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Mewbourne Sch Petr & Geol Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Lu, ZM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrol Geochem & Geol Grp, EES-6,MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zhiming@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Dongxiao/D-5289-2009; OI Zhang, Dongxiao/0000-0001-6930-5994; Lu, Zhiming/0000-0001-5800-3368 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 8 BP 775 EP 784 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.05.007 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 853BM UT WOS:000223801200001 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RM Welty, C Tompson, AFB AF Maxwell, RM Welty, C Tompson, AFB TI Streamline-based simulation of virus transport resulting from long term artificial recharge in a heterogeneous aquifer (vol 26, pg 1075, 2003) SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Welty, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Urban Environm Res & Educ, 1000 Hilltop Circle,TRC 102, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM maxwell5@llnl.gov; weltyc@umbc.edu; afbt@llnl.gov RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 27 IS 8 BP 857 EP 857 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.05.005 PG 1 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 853BM UT WOS:000223801200007 ER PT J AU Yoh, JJ Zhong, XL AF Yoh, JJ Zhong, XL TI New hybrid Runge-Kutta methods for unsteady reactive flow simulation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; IMPLICIT; SCHEMES; TERMS AB In the numerical simulation of transient reacting flow, standard explicit calculation is prohibitively expensive because of the small time steps needed to address the stiffness of a governing differential system. To circumvent this, new hybrid implicit-explicit methods proposed treat the stiffness, whereas the underlying time-step control is governed by the Courant stability criterion. Because the coefficients of both explicit and implicit operations are entirely determined by solving the necessary conditions of accuracy and L stability without any extra assumptions, the methods are more generalized than other similar methods in the literature. Two families of semi-implicit Runge-Kutta schemes are developed for split differential equations in the form of u' = f(t, u) + g(t, u), where f is treated explicitly and g is simultaneously treated implicitly. Like the rest of all the developed schemes, a low-storage family of semi-implicit schemes is also derived to be globally high-order accurate and L stable for implicit calculations. In a companion paper (Yoh, J. J., and Zhong, X., "New Hybrid Runge-Kutta Methods for Unsteady Reactive Flow Simulation: Applications;'' AIAA Journal, Vol. 42, No. 8,2004, pp. 1601-1611) the new schemes are tested to solve a wide range of applications in high-speed flow physics involving combustion. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yoh, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808,L-268, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yoh1@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1593 EP 1600 DI 10.2514/1.3843 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844FC UT WOS:000223141900011 ER PT J AU Yoh, JJ Zhong, XL AF Yoh, JJ Zhong, XL TI New hybrid Runge-Kutta methods for unsteady reactive flow simulation: Applications SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; STIFF RELAXATION TERMS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DETONATION; SCHEMES AB The applicability is examined of the new hybrid Runge-Kutta methods derived in the companion paper (Yoh, J. J., and Zhong, X., "New Hybrid Runge-Kutta Methods for Unsteady Reactive Flow Simulation," AIAA Journal, Vol. 42, No. 8,2004, pp. 1593-1600) by specifically analyzing both nonstiff and stiff system of equations that represent multidimensional reactive flows. In a reactive flow simulation, the standard explicit calculation is prohibitively expensive because of the small time steps needed to address the stiffness of a governing differential system. The new hybrid Runge-Kutta schemes are suitable for this task because the time-step size is controlled by the Courant condition, whereas the stiffness is treated by an unconditionally stable method. This set of methods also meets the modern computing needs of high-order accuracy and low-storage requirement. A representative scheme is used to simulate a series of combustion problems that include model equations with stiff sources and multidimensional detonations with complex chemical kinetics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yoh, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808,L-268, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM yoh1@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1601 EP 1611 DI 10.2514/1.3844 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 844FC UT WOS:000223141900012 ER PT J AU Wooten, RE Macek, JH AF Wooten, RE Macek, JH TI Solutions of relativistic Newton's equations for nonconstant fields SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONS; LASER AB Newton's second law can be readily solved for many forces, but few situations can be, solved for the relativistic form of Newton's second law. The only problems directly solvable are those involving charged particles in constant electromagnetic fields. If the external field represents a light pulse, Dirac's relativistic equation can be solved, as done by Volkov in 1935. Classical solutions based on Volkov's work employ the Hamilton-Jacobi equations. We discuss the solution of this problem using Newton's equations, thereby making the solution more accessible. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wooten, RE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, 2201 W End Ave, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM jmacek@utk.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 72 IS 8 BP 998 EP 1001 DI 10.1119/1.1759357 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 839NQ UT WOS:000222792200003 ER PT J AU Chakoumakos, BC AF Chakoumakos, BC TI Preface to the Clathrate hydrates special issue SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID METHANE; CLAY C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chakoumakos, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1153 EP 1154 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100001 ER PT J AU Stern, LA Kirby, SH Circone, S Durham, WB AF Stern, LA Kirby, SH Circone, S Durham, WB TI Scanning electron microscopy investigations of laboratory-grown gas clathrate hydrates formed from melting ice, and comparison to natural hydrates SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID METHANE HYDRATE; SUPERHEATED ICE; DEUTERATED ICE; OPTICAL-CELL; CO2 HYDRATE; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION; DISSOCIATION; PRESSURE; MODEL AB Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate grain texture and pore structure development within various compositions of pure sI and sII gas hydrates synthesized in the laboratory, as well as in natural samples retrieved from marine (Gulf of Mexico) and permafrost (NW Canada) settings. Several samples of methane hydrate were also quenched after various extents of partial reaction for assessment of mid-synthesis textural progression. All laboratory-synthesized hydrates were grown under relatively high-temperature and high-pressure conditions from rounded ice grains with geometrically simple pore shapes, yet all resulting samples displayed extensive recrystallization with complex pore geometry. Growth fronts of mesoporous methane hydrate advancing into dense ice reactant were prevalent in those samples quenched after limited reaction below and at the ice point. As temperatures transgress the ice point, grain surfaces continue to develop a discrete "rind" of hydrate, typically 5 to 30 gin thick. The cores then commonly melt, with rind microfracturing allowing migration of the melt to adjacent grain boundaries where it also forms hydrate. As the reaction continues under progressively warmer conditions, the hydrate product anneals to form dense and relatively pore-free regions of hydrate grains, in which grain size is typically several tens of micrometers. The prevalence of hollow, spheroidal shells of hydrate, coupled with extensive redistribution of reactant and product phases throughout reaction, implies that a diffusion-controlled shrinking-core model is an inappropriate description of sustained hydrate growth from melting ice. Completion of reaction at peak synthesis conditions then produces exceptional faceting and euhedral crystal growth along exposed pore walls. Further recrystallization or regrowth can then accompany even short-term exposure of synthetic hydrates to natural ocean-floor conditions, such that the final textures may closely mimic those observed in natural samples of marine origin. Of particular note, both the mesoporous and highly faceted textures seen at different stages during synthetic hydrate growth were notably absent from all examined hydrates recovered from a natural marine-environment setting. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stern, LA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lstern@usgs.gov NR 48 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 23 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1162 EP 1175 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100003 ER PT J AU Bobev, S Tait, KT AF Bobev, S Tait, KT TI Methanol - inhibitor or promoter of the formation of gas hydrates from deuterated ice? SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID CLATHRATE-HYDRATE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SUPERHEATED ICE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DEEP OCEAN; CO2; CRYSTALLIZATION; MIXTURES; GUEST AB Kinetic studies are reported of the effect of methanol on the rate of formation Of CO(2)- and CH(4)-hydrates by means of in situ time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction. The experiments were carried out at temperatures ranging from 200 to 250 K and pressures up to 7 MPa. The samples were prepared from mixtures of ground, deuterated ice and deuterated methanol (up to 20 vol%), which were transformed in situ into CO(2)- or CH(4)-hydrates by pressurizing the systems with the corresponding gas. The observed rates of formation of hydrates are orders of magnitude higher than the rate of formation from pure deuterated ice under the same pressure and temperature conditions. Glycols and alcohols, methanol in particular, are long known as thermodynamic inhibitors of hydrate formation. Our study indicates that methanol can also act as a kinetic promoter for the formation of gas hydrates. Preliminary data suggest that the kinetics also depend strongly on concentration and the isotopic composition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bobev, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, LANSCE 12 MS H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sbobev@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 11 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1208 EP 1214 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100008 ER PT J AU Riestenberg, D Chiu, E Gborigi, M Liang, LY West, OR Tsouris, C AF Riestenberg, D Chiu, E Gborigi, M Liang, LY West, OR Tsouris, C TI Investigation of jet breakup and droplet size distribution of liquid CO2 and water systems-implications for CO2 hydrate formation for ocean carbon sequestration SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID DIOXIDE; COMPOSITE; DISPOSAL; SOLUBILITY AB An experimental investigation has been conducted into the effect of fluid velocity and orifice size on the breakup patterns of liquid CO2 in water, as well as those for water in CO2. Under high-pressure and low-temperature conditions, the jet breakup patterns follow distinct Rayleigh, transitional, and spray modes. Droplet size distribution was determined in the different modes, with the spray mode producing the smallest droplets and the most uniform size distribution. The system appears to progress from transitional to spray mode when the Ohnesorge number is approximately 18 Re-1. Using this relationship, it is possible to predict the minimum injection rate necessary for spray mode at any injector diameter. Under hydrate-forming conditions, the jet breakup did not appear to be affected because breakup occurred faster than hydrate formation. However, injection into a confined space could promote droplet coalescence, resulting in a larger average drop size. These results can be used to control hydrate conversion in an ocean CO2 injection system and to ensure a large dispersion of injected CO2 during its sequestration in the ocean. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tsourisc@ornl.gov RI Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1240 EP 1246 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100012 ER PT J AU Zatsepina, OY Riestenberg, D McCallum, SD Gborigi, M Brandt, G Buffett, BA Phelps, TJ AF Zatsepina, OY Riestenberg, D McCallum, SD Gborigi, M Brandt, G Buffett, BA Phelps, TJ TI Influence of water thermal history and overpressure on CO2-hydrate nucleation and morphology SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID HYDRATE FORMATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIQUID WATER; BEHAVIOR; PENTAMERS; BUBBLE AB The onset of gas hydrate nucleation is greatly affected by the thermal history of the water that forms its lattice structure. Hydrate formation experiments were performed in a 72 L pressure vessel by injecting bubbles of carbon dioxide through a I L tube at hydrate formation pressures (1.4 to 3.7 MPa) and temperatures (2 to 5 degreesC). The results revealed that when even a small fraction (e.g., 5-35%) of the water in which the hydrate formed was recently thawed the overpressure for nucleation was reduced by an average of 50% as compared to untreated distilled water. This observation was confirmed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test that indicated that recently thawed water required a significantly lower overpressure compared to the untreated distilled water. In experiments where hydrate nucleated at low overpressure (e.g., 0.75 MPa), hydrate formed at the vapor-liquid interface, encrusting the bubbles with less than I g of hydrate accumulation in the first minute. When a higher overpressure was required for nucleation (e.g., 1.3 MPa), hydrate was observed to form abruptly not only on bubbles but also from the bulk liquid phase, typically accumulating a mass of more than 100 g in the first few seconds. Our results show that initiation of hydrate formation is strongly influenced by temperature-dependent pre-structuring of water molecules prior to their contact with gas. Although as little as a 5% volume fraction of pre-structured water may decrease the required overpressure, once hydrate formation commences the mass of hydrate accumulation is dependent on the overpressure. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM phelpstj@ornl.gov RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 89 IS 8-9 BP 1254 EP 1259 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 848DS UT WOS:000223448100014 ER PT J AU Easterling, RG AF Easterling, RG TI Teaching experimental design SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE blocking; experimental units; randomization; replication; students; statistical thinking AB After a career as a consulting statistician, I decided to teach. This article describes my evolving views as I developed and taught introductory university courses on experimental design, organized around and stimulated by three different texts and three different universities. Primarily, I found it to be essential, particularly at the course's beginning, to embed textbook examples in credible scientific or business contexts in order to try to convince students of the value of statistical experimental design and analysis in their subsequent careers. In contrast, uninteresting, even nonsensical, undeveloped examples that serve only as formula drill Give students the opposite impression. My purpose in this article is to present selected expanded textbook examples and to use these illustrations to examine fundamental issues in experimental design such as: the importance of subject-matter, the choice of experimental units, the nature and purpose of blocking, and the contrast between random sampling and random assignment of treatments. These examples expose fundamental issues in how our profession functions in a collaborative environment and how we prepare the next generation of statisticians and statistically savvy professionals. My hope is that the illustrations provided will be directly useful to beginning instructors and provocative to the experienced. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Easterling, RG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rgeaste@comcast.net NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 3 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1198/000313004X1477 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 843BM UT WOS:000223050200022 ER PT J AU Edirisinghe, PD Lateef, SS Crot, CA Hanley, L Pellin, MJ Calaway, WF Moore, JF AF Edirisinghe, PD Lateef, SS Crot, CA Hanley, L Pellin, MJ Calaway, WF Moore, JF TI Derivatization of surface-bound peptides for mass spectrometric detection via threshold single photon ionization SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; TITANIUM SURFACES; PHOTOIONIZATION; SPECTRA; SYSTEM; YIELD; IONS AB Chemical derivatization of peptides allows efficient F-2 laser single photon ionization (SPI) of Fmoc-derivatized peptides covalently bound to surfaces. Laser desorption photoionization mass spectrometry using 337-nm pulses for desorption and 157.6-nm pulses for threshold SPI forms large ions identified as common peptide fragments bound to either Fmoc or the surface linker. Electronic structure calculations indicate the Fmoc label is behaving as an ionization tag for the entire peptide, lowering the ionization potential of the complex below the 7.87-eV photon energy. This method should allow detection of many molecular species covalently or electrostatically bound to surfaces. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hanley, L (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM lhanley@uic.edu; moore@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL64956] NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 15 BP 4267 EP 4270 DI 10.1021/ac149434t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 842NC UT WOS:000223010100015 PM 15283559 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Lee, S Yeung, ES AF Kang, SH Lee, S Yeung, ES TI Direct observation of single native DNA molecules in a microchannel by differential interference contrast microscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; LIQUID/SOLID INTERFACES; INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES; PROTEIN MOLECULES; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SUPERCOILED DNA; ADSORPTION; DYNAMICS AB Direct observation of single native DNA molecules in a microchannel was monitored without fluorescence-dye labeling. At a PDMS/glass microchip, the image of individual lambda-DNA molecules appear sharp and distinct in Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy. Intercalator dyes affected the physical properties and dynamic behavior of individual DNA molecules. From the migration velocities in the microchannel it is evident that native DNA molecules migrated faster than DNA molecules labeled with the intercalator YOYO-1. This is because YOYO-1 increases the molecular weight and size of 2-DNA and decreases the charge. The electric field strength and pH also affected the dynamics of single DNA molecules. We also observed that YOYO-labeled DNA was more stretched out compared to native DNA. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Jeonju 561756, South Korea. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 15 BP 4459 EP 4464 DI 10.1021/ac0496143 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 842NC UT WOS:000223010100044 PM 15283588 ER PT J AU Bao, LL Mahurin, SM Dai, S AF Bao, LL Mahurin, SM Dai, S TI Controlled layer-by-layer formation of ultrathin TiO2 on silver island films via a surface sol-gel method for surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurement SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROUGH SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD; DEPOSITION; COPPER; NANOPARTICLES; SUBSTRATE; METALS; NOBLE; AG AB A surface sol-gel process has been demonstrated to be an effective method for the surface modification of silver island films as unique SERS substrates for monitoring molecular adsorption on a dielectric titania surface. This layer-by-layer approach allows control of the thickness of the dielectric surface with a monolayer precision on silver surfaces. The enhancement of Raman scattering from adsorbed Rhodamine 6G molecules is inversely proportional to the thickness of the titania film, which is consistent with the decay of electromagnetic enhancement. Despite a reduction in the sensitivity of the film, a substantial improvement in the film was achieved as a result of the enhanced stability of this substrate compared to the silver island film without a TiO2 coating. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 24 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 15 BP 4531 EP 4536 DI 10.1021/ac049868c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 842NC UT WOS:000223010100054 PM 15283598 ER PT J AU Song, S Singh, AK Kirby, BJ AF Song, S Singh, AK Kirby, BJ TI Electrophoretic concentration of proteins at laser-patterned nanoporous membranes in microchips SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; SAMPLE STACKING; MICROFABRICATED DEVICES; PRECONCENTRATION; INJECTION; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOTACHOPHORESIS AB Laser-patterning of nanoporous membranes at the junction of a cross channel in a microchip is used to integrate protein concentration with an electrokinetic injection scheme. Upon application of voltage, linear electrophoretic concentration of charged proteins is achieved at the membrane surface because buffer ions can easily pass through the membrane while proteins larger than the molecular weight cutoff of the membrane (>5700) are retained. Simple buffer systems can be used, and the concentration results constitute outward evidence that the uniformity of buffer ion concentration is maintained throughout the process. Local and spatially averaged concentration are increased by 4 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively, upon injection with moderate voltages (70-150 V) and concentration times (100 s). The degree of concentration is limited only by the solubility limit of the proteins. The porous polymer membrane can be used repeatedly as long as care is taken to avoid protein precipitation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bjkirby@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 15 BP 4589 EP 4592 DI 10.1021/ac0497151 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 842NC UT WOS:000223010100064 PM 15283607 ER PT J AU Chen, J Thomson, PD Nolan, V Clarke, J AF Chen, J Thomson, PD Nolan, V Clarke, J TI Age and sex dependent variations in the normal magnetocardiogram compared with changes associated with ischemia SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cardiac exercise testing; coronary artery disease; noninvasive cardiac testing; repolarization ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HEART; REPOLARIZATION; PATTERNS AB Magnetocardiography is the measurement of the magnetic fields of the heart. Human studies performed in magnetically shielded laboratories have demonstrated that magnetocardiograms (MCGs) can detect ischemia. The aim of this study was to obtain clinically useful MCGs in an unshielded hospital room. Other objectives included understanding the normal variations in MCG during repolarization and determining the MCG parameters that best discriminate patients with ischemia from healthy controls. We measured 51 healthy volunteers of both sexes from 25 to 76 years of age and 11 patients with documented exercise-induced ischemia. Resting and postexercise measurements were taken, and several MCG parameters were defined. For 19 of 29 MCG p, there were significant differences between healthy females and males (p less than or equal to 0.05). For nine MCG parameters, there were differences between older and younger healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Therefore the age and sex of a subject should be considered when evaluating the MCG. Thirteen parameters separated the patients from the controls (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve >= 80%). The repolarization stabilization interval, a parameter based on the time-evolution of contour maps, performed the best. Magnetocardiography performed in clinical settings is a potential screening tool for ischemia that should be further explored. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Alta Bates Summit Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Clarke, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcfarke@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1088 EP 1099 DI 10.1114/B:ABME.0000036645.35013.ad PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 851GQ UT WOS:000223674000006 PM 15446505 ER PT J AU Chang, L Tomasi, D Yakupov, R Lozar, C Arnold, S Caparelli, E Ernst, T AF Chang, L Tomasi, D Yakupov, R Lozar, C Arnold, S Caparelli, E Ernst, T TI Adaptation of the attention network in human immunodeficiency virus brain injury SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; WORKING-MEMORY; HIV-1 INFECTION; AIDS DEMENTIA; METABOLITES; ACTIVATION; FMRI; ERA; IMPAIRMENT; CORRELATE AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients commonly have attention and concentration problems. However, it remains unclear how HIV infection affects the attention network. Therefore, blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) was performed in 36 subjects (18 HIV and 18 seronegative [SN] controls) during a set of visual attention tasks with increasing levels of attentional load. Compared with SN controls, HIV subjects showed similar task performance (accuracies and reaction times) but decreased activation in the normal visual attention network (dorsal parietal, bilateral prefrontal, and cerebellar regions) and increased activation in adjacent or contralateral brain regions. Cognitive performance (assessed with NPZ-8), CD4, and viral load all correlated with activated BOLD signals in brain regions that activated more in HIV subjects. Furthermore, HIV subjects activated more than SN controls in brain regions that showed load-dependent increase in activation (right prefrontal and right parietal regions) but less in regions that showed a saturation effect with increasing load. These findings suggest that HIV-associated brain injury leads to reduced efficiency in the normal attention network, thus requiring reorganization and increased usage of neural reserves to maintain performance during attention-requiring tasks. Exceeding the brain reserve capacity may lead to attention deficits and cognitive impairment in HIV patients. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chang, L (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Med, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM lchang@hawaii.edu RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU NIDA NIH HHS [K02-DA16991, K24 DA 16170]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH61427] NR 55 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 2 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1002/ana.20190 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 847YT UT WOS:000223434700012 PM 15293278 ER PT J AU van de Vijver, D Brenner, B Turner, D Sandstrom, P Dunn, D Green, H Bennett, D Heneine, W Shafer, R Leitner, T Costagliola, D Vandamme, AM Wainberg, M Boucher, C Schuurman, R AF van de Vijver, D Brenner, B Turner, D Sandstrom, P Dunn, D Green, H Bennett, D Heneine, W Shafer, R Leitner, T Costagliola, D Vandamme, AM Wainberg, M Boucher, C Schuurman, R TI Validation of molecular indicators of resistance transmission (MIRTs) for epidemiological studies of drug resistance transmission in HIV SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Virol, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. McGill Univ, AIDS Ctr, Jewish Gen Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. MRC, Clin Trials Unit, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Stanford Univ, Div Infect Dis, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CHU Pitie Salpetriere, INSERM, EMI 0214, Paris, France. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium. RI wensing, a.m.j./F-3005-2011; Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012; Salminen, Mika/D-8784-2013; Camacho, Ricardo/I-7629-2012 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766; Salminen, Mika/0000-0003-3020-0866; Camacho, Ricardo/0000-0002-9129-3237 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U74 EP U74 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600110 ER PT J AU van de Vijver, DAMC Wensing, AMJ Angarano, G Asjo, B Balotta, C Boeri, E Camacho, R Chaix, MI Costagliola, D de Coul, EO de Luca, A Maljkovic, I de Mendoza, C Derdelinckx, I Grossman, Z Hamouda, O Hatzakis, A Grossman, Z Hamouda, O Hatzakis, A Hoepelman, IM Hemmer, R Horban, A Korn, K Kucherer, C Leitner, T Loveday, C MacRae, E Meyer, L Nielsen, C Ormaasen, V Perrin, L Paraskevis, D Puchhammer-Stockl, E Ruiz, L Salminen, M Schmit, JCC Schneider, F Schuurman, R Soriano, V Stanczak, G Stanojevic, M Vandamme, AM Van Laethem, K Violin, M Wilbe, K Yerly, S Zazzi, M Boucher, CAB AF van de Vijver, DAMC Wensing, AMJ Angarano, G Asjo, B Balotta, C Boeri, E Camacho, R Chaix, MI Costagliola, D de Coul, EO de Luca, A Maljkovic, I de Mendoza, C Derdelinckx, I Grossman, Z Hamouda, O Hatzakis, A Grossman, Z Hamouda, O Hatzakis, A Hoepelman, IM Hemmer, R Horban, A Korn, K Kucherer, C Leitner, T Loveday, C MacRae, E Meyer, L Nielsen, C Ormaasen, V Perrin, L Paraskevis, D Puchhammer-Stockl, E Ruiz, L Salminen, M Schmit, JCC Schneider, F Schuurman, R Soriano, V Stanczak, G Stanojevic, M Vandamme, AM Van Laethem, K Violin, M Wilbe, K Yerly, S Zazzi, M Boucher, CAB CA SPREAD Programme TI The calculated genetic barrier for drug resistance mutations in six different non-B subtypes and two CRFs in a large European dataset is largely similar to subtype B SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop CY JUN 08-12, 2004 CL Tenerife, SPAIN C1 Univ Utrecht, Ctr Med, Dept Virol, Eijkman Winkler Inst, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Ctr Med, Dept Internal Med, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Foggia, Foggia, Italy. Univ Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. Univ Milan, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Diagnost & Ric San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Hosp Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal. Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Virol Lab, Paris, France. CHU Pitie Salpetriere, INSERM, Paris, France. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Catholic Univ, Inst Clin Infect Dis, Rome, Italy. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Solna, Sweden. Hosp Carlos 3, Madrid, Spain. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst, Louvain, Belgium. Sheba Med Ctr, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Univ Athens, Sch Med, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. Ctr Hosp Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Hosp Infect Dis, Warsaw, Poland. AIDS Diagnosis & Therapy Ctr, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. INSERM, U569, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ullevaal Univ Hosp, Oslo, Norway. Univ Hosp Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Retrovirol Lab IRSICAIXA Fdn, Badalona, Spain. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia Monteneg. Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. RI wensing, a.m.j./F-3005-2011; Vandamme, Anne Mieke/I-4127-2012; Salminen, Mika/D-8784-2013; Camacho, Ricardo/I-7629-2012 OI Vandamme, Anne Mieke/0000-0002-6594-2766; Salminen, Mika/0000-0003-3020-0866; Camacho, Ricardo/0000-0002-9129-3237 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP U74 EP U75 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TH UT WOS:000231615600111 ER PT J AU Freedman, DL Swamy, M Bell, NC Verce, MF AF Freedman, DL Swamy, M Bell, NC Verce, MF TI Biodegradation of chloromethane by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NB1 under nitrate-reducing and aerobic conditions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-CHLORIDE; UTILIZING BACTERIA; GROWTH SUBSTRATE; VINYL-CHLORIDE; METHYLTRANSFERASE; HALOMETHANE; ENVIRONMENT; ENZYME; CM4 AB Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NB1 uses chloromethane (CM) as its sole source of carbon and energy under nitrate-reducing and aerobic conditions. The observed yield of NB1 was 0.20 (+/-0.06) (mean standard deviation) and 0.28 (+/-0.01) mg of total suspended solids (TSS) mg of CM-1 under anoxic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The stoichiometry of nitrate consumption was 0.75 (+/-0.10) electron equivalents (eeq) of NO per eeq of CM, which is consistent with the yield when it is expressed on an eeq basis. Nitrate was stoichiometrically converted to dinitrogen (0.51 +/- 0.05 mol of N-2 per mol of NO3-). The stoichiometry of oxygen use with CM (0.85 +/- 0.21 eeq of O-2 per eeq of CM) was also consistent with the aerobic yield. Stoichiometric release of chloride and minimal accumulation of soluble metabolic products (measured as chemical oxygen demand) following CM consumption, under anoxic and aerobic conditions, indicated complete biodegradation of CM. Acetylene did not inhibit CM use under aerobic conditions, implying that a monooxygenase was not involved in initiating aerobic CM metabolism. Under anoxic conditions, the maximum specific CM utilization rate (k) for NB1 was 5.01 (+/-0.06) mumol of CM mg of TSS-1 day(-1), the maximum specific growth rate (mu(max)) was 0.0506 day(-1), and the Monod half-saturation coefficient (K-s) was 0.067 (+/-0.004) muM. Under aerobic conditions, the values for k, mu(max), and K-s were 10.7 (+/-0.11) mumol of CM mg of TSS-1 day(-1), 0.145 day(-1), and 0.93 (+/-0.042) muM, respectively, indicating that NB1 used CM faster under aerobic conditions. Strain NB1 also grew on methanol, ethanol, and acetate under denitrifying and aerobic conditions, but not on methane, formate, or dichloromethane. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Shaw Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Stoughton, MA 02072 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Freedman, DL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Box 340919, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dfreedm@clemson.edu NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 8 BP 4629 EP 4634 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.8.4629-4634.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 846BQ UT WOS:000223290100029 PM 15294795 ER PT J AU Eirich, LD Craft, DL Steinberg, L Asif, A Eschenfeldt, WH Stols, L Donnelly, MI Wilson, CR AF Eirich, LD Craft, DL Steinberg, L Asif, A Eschenfeldt, WH Stols, L Donnelly, MI Wilson, CR TI Cloning and characterization of three fatty alcohol oxidase genes from Candida tropicalis strain ATCC 20336 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; YEAST; ACIDS; CODON; OXIDATION; MALTOSA; ALKANES; FAMILY; CUG AB Candida tropicalis (ATCC 20336) converts fatty acids to long-chain dicarboxylic acids via a pathway that includes among other reactions the oxidation of omega-hydroxy fatty acids to omega-aldehydes by a fatty alcohol oxidase (FAO). Three FAO genes (one gene designated FAO1 and two putative allelic genes designated FAO2a and FAO2b), have been cloned and sequenced from this strain. A comparison of the DNA sequence homology and derived amino acid sequence homology between these three genes and previously published Candida FAO genes indicates that FAO1 and FAO2 are distinct genes. Both genes were individually cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The substrate specificity and K-m values for the recombinant FAO1 and FAO2 were significantly different. Particularly striking is the fact that FAO1 oxidizes w-hydroxy fatty acids but not 2-alkanols, whereas FAO2 oxidizes 2-alkanols but not omega-hydroxy fatty acids. Analysis of extracts of strain H5343 during growth on fatty acids indicated that only FAO1 was highly induced under these conditions. FAO2 contains one CTG codon, which codes for serine (amino acid 177) in C. tropicalis but codes for leucine in E. coli. An FAO2a construct, with a TCG codon (codes for serine in E. coli) substituted for the CTG codon, was prepared and expressed in E. coli. Neither the substrate specificity nor the K-m values for the FAO2a variant with a serine at position 177 were radically different from those of the variant with a leucine at that position. C1 Cognis Corp, Res & Technol, Biotechnol Grp, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Eirich, LD (reprint author), Cognis Corp, Res & Technol, Biotechnol Grp, Bldg 53,4900 Este Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45232 USA. EM dudley-eirich@cinci.rr.com NR 19 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 70 IS 8 BP 4872 EP 4879 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.8.4872-4879.2004 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 846BQ UT WOS:000223290100060 PM 15294826 ER PT J AU Barton, JW Kuritz, T O'Connor, LE Ma, CY Maskarinec, MP Davison, BH AF Barton, JW Kuritz, T O'Connor, LE Ma, CY Maskarinec, MP Davison, BH TI Reductive transformation of methyl parathion by the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp strain PCC7120 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES; CULTURES; GENE; NITROREDUCTASE; METRONIDAZOLE; PESTICIDES; PROTEIN AB Organophosphorus compounds are toxic chemicals that are applied worldwide as household pesticides and for crop protection, and they are stockpiled for chemical warfare. As a result, they are routinely detected in air and water. Methods and routes of biodegradation of these compounds are being sought. We report that under aerobic, photosynthetic conditions, the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. transformed methyl parathion first to o,o-dimethyl o-p-nitrosophenyl thiophosphate and then to o,o-dimethyl o-p-aminophenyl thiophosphate by reducing the nitro group. The process of methyl parathion transformation occurred in the light, but not in the dark. Methyl parathion was toxic to cyanobacteria in the dark but did not affect their viability in the light. Methyl parathion transformation was not affected by mutations in the genes involved in nitrate reduction in cyanobacteria. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Kuritz, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS-6194, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kuritzt@ornl.gov RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013 OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609 NR 31 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 65 IS 3 BP 330 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00253-004-1557-y PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 845SW UT WOS:000223265600014 PM 14758519 ER PT J AU Arp, ZA Cremers, DA Wiens, RC Wayne, DM Salle, BA Maurice, S AF Arp, ZA Cremers, DA Wiens, RC Wayne, DM Salle, BA Maurice, S TI Analysis of water ice and water ice/soil mixtures using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: Application to Mars polar exploration SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; LIBS; water ice; ice/dust mixtures; Mars ID TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; SPECTROMETRY; SPECTRUM; DEPOSITS; HYDROGEN; SURFACE; LIQUIDS; ODYSSEY; ROCKS; CORE AB Recently, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been developed for the elemental analysis of geological samples for application to space exploration. There is also interest in using the technique for the analysis of water ice and ice/dust mixtures located at the Mars polar regions. The application is a compact instrument for a lander or rover to the Martian poles to interrogate stratified layers of ice and dusts that contain a record of past geologic history, believed to date back several million years. Here we present results of a study of the use of LIBS for the analysis of water ice and ice/ dust mixtures in situ and at short stand-off distances (<6.5 m) using experimental parameters appropriate for a compact instrument. Characteristics of LIBS spectra of water ice, ice/soil mixtures, element detection limits, and the ability to ablate through ice samples to monitor subsurface dust deposits are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp C ADI, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NMT 15, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEA Saclay, DEN, DPC, SCP,LRSI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Cremers, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp C ADI, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 58 IS 8 BP 897 EP 909 DI 10.1366/0003702041655377 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 847XW UT WOS:000223432400002 PM 15324495 ER PT J AU Westphalen, D Roth, KW Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J AF Westphalen, D Roth, KW Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J TI Improving latent performance SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Westphalen, D (reprint author), TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 46 IS 8 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 845EK UT WOS:000223218800019 ER PT J AU Fan, XH Hennawi, JF Richards, GT Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Donley, JL Young, JE Annis, J Lin, H Lampeitl, H Lupton, RH Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Brandt, WN Anderson, S Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Fukugita, M Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP York, DG AF Fan, XH Hennawi, JF Richards, GT Strauss, MA Schneider, DP Donley, JL Young, JE Annis, J Lin, H Lampeitl, H Lupton, RH Gunn, JE Knapp, GR Brandt, WN Anderson, S Bahcall, NA Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Fukugita, M Szalay, AS Szokoly, GP York, DG TI A survey of z > 5.7 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. III. Discovery of five additional quasars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; FALL EQUATORIAL STRIPE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; GRAVITATIONAL LENSES; DATA RELEASE; DISTANT QUASARS; STELLAR OBJECTS; Z=6.28 QUASAR AB We present the discovery of five new quasars at z > 5.7, selected from the multicolor imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Three of them, at redshifts 5.93, 6.07, and 6.22, were selected from similar to1700 deg(2) of new SDSS Main Survey imaging in the northern Galactic cap. An additional quasar, at redshift 5.85, was discovered by co-adding the data obtained in the Fall Equatorial Stripe in the SDSS Southern Survey Region. The fifth object, at redshift 5.80, is selected from a nonstandard SDSS scan in the southern Galactic cap outside the Main Survey area. The spectrum of SDSS J162331.81+ 311200.5 ( z = 6.22) shows a complete Gunn-Peterson trough at z(abs) > 5.95, similar to the troughs detected in the other three z greater than or similar to 6.2 quasars known. We present a composite spectrum of the z > 5.7 quasars discovered in the SDSS to date. The average emission-line and continuum properties of z similar to 6 quasars exhibit no significant evolution compared with those at low redshift. Using a complete sample of nine z > 5.7 quasars, we find that the density of quasars with M-1450 < -26.7 at z similar to 6 is (6 +/- 2) x 10(-10) Mpc(-3) (H-0 = 65 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), Omega = 0.35, and Lambda = 0.65), consistent with our previous estimates. The luminosity distribution of the sample is fitted with a power-law luminosity function Psi( L) proportional to L-3.2 +/- 0.7, somewhat steeper than but consistent with our previous estimates. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Midori Ku, Tokyo 1888502, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Brandt, William/N-2844-2015 OI Brandt, William/0000-0002-0167-2453 NR 54 TC 270 Z9 272 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 128 IS 2 BP 515 EP 522 DI 10.1086/422434 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 843QO UT WOS:000223099600001 ER PT J AU Borissova, J Minniti, D Rejkuba, M Alves, D Cook, KH Freeman, KC AF Borissova, J Minniti, D Rejkuba, M Alves, D Cook, KH Freeman, KC TI Properties of RR Lyrae stars in the inner regions of the Large Magellanic Cloud SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : Magellanic clouds; stars : variables : RR Lyrae; galaxies : formation ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; CLUSTER OMEGA-CENTAURI; GALACTIC GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; VARIABLE-STARS; FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS; CARBON STARS; LMC; INVENTORY; METALLICITIES; KINEMATICS AB We present the radial velocities, metallicities and the K-band magnitudes of 74 RR Lyrae stars in the inner regions of the LMC. The intermediate resolution spectra and infrared images were obtained with FORS1 at the ESO VLT and with the SOF1 infrared imager at the ESO NTT. The best 43 RR Lyrae with measured velocities yield an observed velocity dispersion of sigma = 61 +/- 7 km s(-1). We obtain a true LMC RR Lyrae velocity dispersion of sigma = 53 km s(-1), which is higher than the velocity dispersion of any other LMC population previously measured. This is the first empirical evidence for a kinematically hot, metal-poor halo in the LMC as discussed in Minniti et al. (2003). Using Layden's (1994) modification of the AS method we measured the metallicity for 23 of our stars. The mean value is [Fe/H] = -1.46 +/- 0.09 dex. The absolute magnitudes M-V and M-K of RR Lyrae stars are linear functions of metallicity. In the V band, our data agree with the Olech et al. (2003) relation, in the K band the slope is flatter. The average apparent V luminosity of 70 RR Lyrae stars is [V] = 19.45 +/- 0.04 and the average K luminosity of 37 RR Lyrae stars is [K] = 18.20 +/- 0.06. There is no obvious relation between apparent V magnitude and Log P, while the RR Lyrae K band magnitudes show a well defined linear trend with Log P. Using the Bono et al. (2001) and Bono et al. (2003) theoretical Near-Infrared Period-Luminosity-Metallicity relations we calculate the LMC distance modulus mu(0) = 18.48 +/- 0.08. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Borissova, J (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Av Vicuna Mackenna 4860,Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. EM jborisso@astro.puc.cl; dante@astro.puc.cl; mrejkuba@eso.org; alves@astro.columbia.edu; kcook@llnl.org; kcf@mso.anu.edu OI Rejkuba, Marina/0000-0002-6577-2787 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 423 IS 1 BP 97 EP 109 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20034494 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 848MY UT WOS:000223473000012 ER PT J AU Richards, GT Keeton, CR Pindor, B Hennawi, JF Hall, PB Turner, EL Inada, N Oguri, M Ichikawa, SI Becker, RH Gregg, MD White, RL Wyithe, JSB Schneider, DP Johnston, DE Frieman, JA Brinkmann, J AF Richards, GT Keeton, CR Pindor, B Hennawi, JF Hall, PB Turner, EL Inada, N Oguri, M Ichikawa, SI Becker, RH Gregg, MD White, RL Wyithe, JSB Schneider, DP Johnston, DE Frieman, JA Brinkmann, J TI Microlensing of the broad emission line region in the quadruple lens SDSS J1004+4112 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general; quasars : individual (SDSS J100434.91+411242.8) ID DARK-MATTER SUBSTRUCTURE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS; QSO 2237+0305; LIGHT CURVES; QUASAR AB We present seven epochs of spectroscopy on the quadruply imaged quasar SDSS J1004+4112, spanning observed-frame time delays from 1 to 322 days. The spectra reveal differences in the emission lines between the lensed images. Specifically, component A showed a strong enhancement in the blue wings of several high-ionization lines relative to component B, which lasted at least 28 days ( observed frame) and then faded. Since the predicted time delay between A and B is less than or similar to30 days, our time coverage suggests that the event was not intrinsic to the quasar. We attribute these variations to microlensing of part of the broad emission line region of the quasar, apparently resolving structure in the source plane on a scale of similar to 10(16) cm at z = 1.734. In addition, we observed smaller differences in the emission-line profiles between components A and B that persisted throughout the time span, which may also be due to microlensing or millilensing. Further spectroscopic monitoring of this system holds considerable promise for resolving the structure of the broad emission line region in quasars. C1 Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Richards, GT (reprint author), Princeton Univ Observ, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Oguri, Masamune/C-6230-2011; Turner, Edwin/A-4295-2011; OI PINDOR, BARTOSZ/0000-0003-3240-2437 NR 50 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 610 IS 2 BP 679 EP 685 DI 10.1086/421868 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840AE UT WOS:000222828600006 ER PT J AU Lin, YT Mohr, JJ Stanford, SA AF Lin, YT Mohr, JJ Stanford, SA TI K-band properties of galaxy clusters and groups: Luminosity function, radial distribution, and halo occupation number SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : formation; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; infrared : galaxies ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; NEAR-INFRARED PROPERTIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STELLAR MASS FUNCTIONS; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; TO-LIGHT RATIO; RICH CLUSTERS; STAR-FORMATION; COMA CLUSTER; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS AB We explore the near-infrared (NIR) K-band properties of galaxies within 93 galaxy clusters and groups using data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. We use X-ray properties of these clusters to pinpoint cluster centers and estimate cluster masses. By stacking all these systems, we study the shape of the cluster luminosity function and the galaxy distribution within the clusters. We find that the galaxy profile is well described by the Navarro, Frenk, & White (NFW) profile with a concentration parameter c similar to 3, with no evidence for cluster mass dependence of the concentration. Using this sample, whose masses span the range from 3 x 10(13) to 2 x 10(15) M-., we confirm the existence of a tight correlation between total galaxy NIR luminosity and cluster binding mass, which indicates that NIR light can serve as a cluster mass indicator. From the observed galaxy profile, together with cluster mass profile measurements from the literature, we find that the mass-to-light ratio is a weakly decreasing function of cluster radius and that it increases with cluster mass. We also derive the mean number of galaxies within halos of a given mass, the halo occupation number. We find that the mean number scales as N proportional to M0.84 +/- 0.04 for galaxies brighter than M-K = -21, indicating that high-mass clusters have fewer galaxies per unit mass than low-mass clusters. Using published observations at high redshift, we show that higher redshift clusters have higher mean occupation numbers than nearby systems of the same mass. By comparing the luminosity function and radial distribution of galaxies in low-mass and high-mass clusters, we show that there is a marked decrease in the number density of galaxies fainter than M-* as one moves to higher mass clusters; in addition, extremely luminous galaxies are more probable in high-mass clusters. We explore several processes, including tidal interactions and merging, as a way of explaining the variation in galaxy population with cluster mass. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lin, YT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ylin2@astro.uiuc.edu; jmohr@uiuc.edu; adam@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 96 TC 226 Z9 229 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 610 IS 2 BP 745 EP 761 DI 10.1086/421714 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840AE UT WOS:000222828600012 ER PT J AU Kasen, D Nugent, P Thomas, RC Wang, LF AF Kasen, D Nugent, P Thomas, RC Wang, LF TI Could there be a hole in Type Ia supernovae? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general ID HIGH-VELOCITY EJECTA; WHITE-DWARF MODELS; LIGHT CURVES; BINARY-SYSTEMS; SN 1999BY; SPECTRA; SN-1991T; POLARIZATION; ASPHERICITY; POLARIMETRY AB In the favored progenitor scenario, Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) arise from a white dwarf accreting material from a nondegenerate companion star. Soon after the white dwarf explodes, the ejected supernova material engulfs the companion star; two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations by Marietta et al. ( 2000) show that in the interaction, the companion star carves out a conical hole of opening angle 30degrees - 40degrees in the supernova ejecta. In this paper we use multidimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations to explore the observable consequences of an ejecta-hole asymmetry. We calculate the variation of the spectrum, luminosity, and polarization with viewing angle for the aspherical supernova near maximum light. We find that the supernova looks normal from almost all viewing angles except when one looks almost directly down the hole. In the latter case, one sees into the deeper, hotter layers of ejecta. The supernova is relatively brighter and has a peculiar spectrum characterized by more highly ionized species, weaker absorption features, and lower absorption velocities. The spectrum viewed down the hole is comparable to those of the class of SN 1991T-like supernovae. We consider how the ejecta-hole asymmetry may explain the current spectropolarimetric observations of SNe Ia and suggest a few observational signatures of the geometry. Finally, we discuss the variety currently seen in observed SNe Ia and how an ejecta-hole asymmetry may fit in as one of several possible sources of diversity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kasen, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 50-F,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dnkasen@panisse.lbl.gov NR 58 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 610 IS 2 BP 876 EP 887 DI 10.1086/421699 PN 1 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840AE UT WOS:000222828600023 ER PT J AU Wozniak, PR McGowan, KE Vestrand, WT AF Wozniak, PR McGowan, KE Vestrand, WT TI Limits on I-band microvariability of the Galactic bulge Mira variables SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : variables : other ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; DIFFERENCE IMAGE-ANALYSIS; RED VARIABLES; OMICRON CETI; STARS; CLASSIFICATION; CATALOG; MODELS; WINDS AB We search for microvariability in a sample of 485 Mira variables with high-quality I-band light curves from the second-generation Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-II). Rapid variations with amplitudes in the similar to0.2-1.1 mag range lasting hours to days were discovered in Hipparcos data by de Laverny et al. Our search is primarily sensitive to events with timescales of similar to1 day but retains a few percent efficiency (per object) for detecting unresolved microvariability events as short as 2 hr. We do not detect any candidate events. Assuming that the distribution of the event time profiles is identical to that from the Hipparcos light curves, we derive a 95% confidence level upper limit of 0.038 yr(-1) star(-1) for the rate of such events (1 per 26 yr per average object of the ensemble). The high event rates of the order of similar to1 yr(-1) star(-1) implied by the Hipparcos study in the HP band are excluded with high confidence by the OGLE-II data in the I band. Our nondetection could still be explained by much redder spectral response of the I filter compared to the H-P band or by population differences between the bulge and the solar neighborhood. In any case, the OGLE-II I-band data provide the first limit on the rate of the postulated microvariability events in Mira stars and offer new quantitative constraints on their properties. Similar limits are obtained for other pulse shapes and a range of the assumed timescales and size-frequency distributions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wozniak, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wozniak@lanl.gov; mcgowan@lanl.gov; vestrand@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 610 IS 2 BP 1038 EP 1044 DI 10.1086/421716 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840AE UT WOS:000222828600037 ER PT J AU Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Amann, JF Archbold, G Atkins, R Bellido, JA Belov, K Belz, JW BenZvi, S Bergman, DR Boyer, JH Burt, GW Cao, Z Clay, RW Connolly, BM Dawson, BR Deng, W Fedorova, Y Findlay, J Finley, CB Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Holzscheiter, MH Hughes, GA Huntemeyer, P Jui, CCH Kim, K Kirn, MA Knapp, BC Loh, EC Maestas, MM Manago, N Mannel, EJ Marek, LJ Martens, K Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN O'Neill, A Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, MD Sasaki, M Schnetzer, SR Seman, M Simpson, KM Sinnis, G Smith, JD Snow, R Sokolsky, P Song, C Springer, RW Stokes, BT Thomas, JR Thomas, SB Thomson, GB Tupa, D Westerhoff, S Wiencke, LR Zech, A AF Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Amann, JF Archbold, G Atkins, R Bellido, JA Belov, K Belz, JW BenZvi, S Bergman, DR Boyer, JH Burt, GW Cao, Z Clay, RW Connolly, BM Dawson, BR Deng, W Fedorova, Y Findlay, J Finley, CB Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Holzscheiter, MH Hughes, GA Huntemeyer, P Jui, CCH Kim, K Kirn, MA Knapp, BC Loh, EC Maestas, MM Manago, N Mannel, EJ Marek, LJ Martens, K Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN O'Neill, A Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, MD Sasaki, M Schnetzer, SR Seman, M Simpson, KM Sinnis, G Smith, JD Snow, R Sokolsky, P Song, C Springer, RW Stokes, BT Thomas, JR Thomas, SB Thomson, GB Tupa, D Westerhoff, S Wiencke, LR Zech, A CA HiRes Collaboration TI Study of small-scale anisotropy of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays observed in stereo by the High Resolution Fly's Eye detector SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; large-scale structure of universe ID AIR-SHOWER ARRAY AB The High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment is an air fluorescence detector which, operating in stereo mode, has a typical angular resolution of 0degrees.6 and is sensitive to cosmic rays with energies above 10(18) eV. The HiRes cosmic-ray detector is thus an excellent instrument for the study of the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We present the results of a search for anisotropies in the distribution of arrival directions on small scales (<5&DEG;) and at the highest energies (>10(19) eV). The search is based on data recorded between 1999 December and 2004 January, with a total of 271 events above 10(19) eV. No small-scale anisotropy is found, and the strongest clustering found in the HiRes stereo data is consistent at the 52% level with the null hypothesis of isotropically distributed arrival directions. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Abbasi, RU (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM finley@phys.columbia.edu; westerhoff@nevis.columbia.edu RI Song, Chihwa/A-3455-2008; Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Belov, Konstantin/D-2520-2013 NR 10 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 610 IS 2 BP L73 EP L76 DI 10.1086/423303 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840AF UT WOS:000222828700001 ER PT J AU Williams, JA Dickel, HR Auer, LH AF Williams, JA Dickel, HR Auer, LH TI W49A North: Global or local or no collapse? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE HII regions; ISM : individual (W49A); ISM : molecules; radiative transfer ID FORMING REGION W49A; RECOMBINATION LINE OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; CORE; FRAGMENTATION; KINEMATICS AB We attempt to fit observations with 500 resolution of the J = 2-1 transition of CS in the directions of H II regions A, B, and G of W49A North as well as observations with 2000 resolution of the J = 2-1, 3-2, 5-4, and 7 - 6 transitions in the directions of H II regions A and G by using radiative transfer calculations. These calculations predict the intensity profiles resulting from several spherical clouds along the line of sight. We consider three models: global collapse of a very large ( 5 pc radius) cloud, localized collapse from smaller ( 1 pc) clouds around individual H II regions, and multiple, static clouds. For all three models we can find combinations of parameters that reproduce the CS profiles reasonably well provided that the component clouds have a core-envelope structure with a temperature gradient. Cores with high temperature and high molecular hydrogen density are needed to match the higher transitions ( e. g., J = 7-6) observed toward A and G. The lower temperature, low-density gas needed to create the inverse P Cygni profile seen in the CS J = 2-1 line ( with 500 beam) toward H II region G arises from different components in the three models. The infalling envelope of cloud G plus cloud B creates the absorption in global collapse, cloud B is responsible in local collapse, and a separate cloud, G', is needed in the case of many static clouds. The exact nature of the velocity field in the envelopes for the case of local collapse is not important as long as it is in the range of 1-5 km s(-1) for a turbulent velocity of about 6 km s(-1). High-resolution observations of the J = 1-0 and 5-4 transitions of CS and (CS)-S-34 may distinguish between these three models. Modeling existing observations of HCO+ and (CO)-O-18 does not allow one to distinguish between the three models but does indicate the existence of a bipolar outflow. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Williams, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 103 Astron Bldg,1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jwilliams@albion.edu; lanie@astro.uiuc.edu; lhainnm@mindspring.com NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 153 IS 2 BP 463 EP 499 DI 10.1086/422173 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 840IC UT WOS:000222850300005 ER PT J AU Novakov, T Hansen, JE AF Novakov, T Hansen, JE TI Black carbon emissions in the United Kingdom during the past four decades: an empirical analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE black carbon; black smoke; emission trends; sources; technology factor ID AEROSOLS; CHINA; DEPOSITION; SULFATE; SULFUR; HAZE AB We use data from a unique 40-year record of 150 urban and rural stations in the "Black Smoke and SO2 Network" in Great Britain to infer information about sources of atmospheric black carbon (BC). The data show a rapid decline of ambient atmospheric BC between 1962 and the early 1990s that exceeds the decline in official estimates of BC emissions based only on amount of fuel use and mostly fixed emission factors. This provides empirical confirmation of the existence and large impact of a time-dependent "technology factor" that must multiply the rate of fossil fuel use. Current ambient BC amounts in Great Britain comparable to those in western and central Europe, with diesel engines being the principal present source. From comparison of BC and SO2 data we infer that current BC emission inventories understate true emissions in the UK by about a factor of two. The results imply that there is the potential for improved technology to achieve large reduction of global ambient BC. There is a need for comparable monitoring of BC in other countries. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environnm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environnm Energy Technol Div, MS-70-180B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tnovakov@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 38 IS 25 BP 4155 EP 4163 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.031 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 838ID UT WOS:000222706000007 ER PT J AU Amyot, M Southworth, G Lindberg, SE Hintelmann, H Lalonde, JD Ogrinc, N Poulain, AJ Sandilands, KA AF Amyot, M Southworth, G Lindberg, SE Hintelmann, H Lalonde, JD Ogrinc, N Poulain, AJ Sandilands, KA TI Formation and evasion of dissolved gaseous mercury in large enclosures amended with (HgCl2)-Hg-200 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE enclosures; mercury; photoreduction; evasion; METAALICUS ID NUTRIENT REMOVAL PROJECT; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; NATURAL-WATERS; AIR/WATER EXCHANGE; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; LAKES; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; REDUCTION AB The mercury experiment to assess atmospheric loading in Canada and the United States (METAALICUS) aims at establishing the link between atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg) and Hg concentrations in fish. As part of this initiative, we conducted an enclosure experiment in Lake 239 (ON, Canada). Our goal was to follow over time dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) concentrations, after the addition of (HgCl2)-Hg-200, to assess post-depositional Hg dynamics. DGM concentrations reached very high levels in surface waters (up to 6 ng 1(-1)) during the days following the spike. This increase in DGM levels coincided with a decrease in total Hg in the enclosure. Photoreduction rates of Hg were high after spiking (1 ng1(-1) h(-1)) and decreased by two orders of magnitude during the summer, with low rates observed in August (0.01 ng 1(-1) h(-1)). These low rates may be caused by photobleaching of dissolved organic carbon. Water-to-air Hg fluxes (evasion) were measured with a flux chamber and modelled using DGM; both methods yielded similar fluxes when using time-averaged DGM values. Together, these results indicate that, under certain conditions, large amounts of newly deposited Hg(II) may be converted to DGM by photochemical processes and lost by evasion across the air/ water interface. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. Univ Quebec, INRS Eau, Inst Natl Rech Sci, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. J Stefan Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. RP Amyot, M (reprint author), Dept Biol Sci, D-223,90 Vincent Indy, Montreal, PQ H2V 2S9, Canada. EM m.amyot@umontreal.ca RI Amyot, Marc/A-7182-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-2136-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-1246-2009; OI Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X NR 33 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 38 IS 26 BP 4279 EP 4289 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.002 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 842QQ UT WOS:000223019500002 ER PT J AU Zangar, RC Fan, YY Chapkin, RS AF Zangar, RC Fan, YY Chapkin, RS TI Interactions of phospholipase D and cytochrome P450 protein stability SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; CYP3A; microsomes; liver; phospholipase D; phospholipids ID RAT HEPATOCYTES; PROTEASOME INHIBITORS; 3A; LIVER; DEGRADATION; EXPRESSION; ACID; CYTOCHROMES-P450; INDUCTION; ELEVATION AB Previous studies have suggested a relationship between cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A (CYP3A) conformation and the phospholipid composition of the associated membrane. In this study, we utilized a novel microsomal incubation system that mimics many of the characteristics of CYP3A degradation pathway that have been observed in vivo and in cultured cells to study the effects of phospholipid composition on protein stability. We found that addition of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (PLD) stabilized CYP3A in this system, but that phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC) was without effect. Addition of phosphatidic acid also stabilized CYP3A protein in the microsomes. The use of 1,10-phenanthroline (phenanthroline), an inhibitor of PLD activity, decreased CYP3A stability in incubated microsomes. Similarly, 6-h treatment of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes with phenanthroline resulted in nearly complete loss of CYP3A protein. Treatment of rats with nicardipine ordimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), which have been shown to affect CYP3A stability, altered the phospholipid composition of hepatic microsomes. It did not appear, though, that the changes in phospholipid composition that resulted from these in vivo treatments accounted for the change in CYP3A stability observed in hepatic microsomes from these animals. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Environm & Rural Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zangar, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM richard.zangar@pnl.gov OI Chapkin, Robert/0000-0002-6515-3898 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 59034]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 54812]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES 09106] NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 68 IS 3 BP 503 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.04.004 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 840TB UT WOS:000222881600011 PM 15242816 ER PT J AU Huesemann, MH Hausmann, TS Fortman, TJ AF Huesemann, MH Hausmann, TS Fortman, TJ TI Does bioavailability limit biodegradation? A comparison of hydrocarbon biodegradation and desorption rates in aged soils SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE alkane biodegradation; bioavailability; desorption; PAH biodegradation; risk assessment ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NAPL-SLURRY SYSTEMS; MIXED BATCH SYSTEMS; MASS-TRANSFER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; COAL-TAR; CONTAMINATED SOILS; PREDICT BIOAVAILABILITY; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; PAH COMPOUNDS AB In order to determine whether bioavallability limits the biodegradability of petroleum hydrocarbons in aged soils, both the biodegradation and abiotic desorption rates of PAHs and n-alkanes were measured at various time points in six different aged soils undergoing slurry bioremediation treatment. Alkane biodegradation rates were always much greater than the respective desorption rates, indicating that these saturated hydrocarbons apparently do not need to be dissolved into the aqueous phase prior to metabolism by soil microorganisms. The biodegradation of PAHs was generally not mass-transfer rate limited during the initial phase, while it often became so at the end of the treatment period when biodegradation rates equaled abiotic desorption rates. However, in all cases where PAH biodegradation was not observed or PAH removal temporarily stalled, bioavailability limitations were not deemed responsible for this recalcitrance since these PAHs desorbed rapidly from the soil into the aqueous phase. Consequently, aged PAHs that are often thought to be recalcitrant due to bioavailability limitations may not be so and therefore may pose a greater risk to environmental receptors than previously thought. C1 Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Huesemann, MH (reprint author), Battelle Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM michael.huesemann@pnl.gov NR 71 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 261 EP 274 DI 10.1023/B:BIOD.0000042996.03551.f4 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 857DE UT WOS:000224095600005 PM 15473555 ER PT J AU Krishnan, VV Fink, WH Feeney, RE Yeh, Y AF Krishnan, VV Fink, WH Feeney, RE Yeh, Y TI Translational dynamics of antifreeze glycoprotein in supercooled water SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE supercooled water; protein; self-diffusion; antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) ID SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; NMR RELAXATION; FIELD-GRADIENT; ANTARCTIC FISH; GLYCOPEPTIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; COMPLEX AB Structure and dynamics of biomolecules in supercooled water assume a particular and distinct importance in the case of antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs), which function at sub-zero temperatures. To investigate whether any large-scale structural digressions in the supercooled state are correlated to the function of AFGPs, self-diffusion behavior of the AFGP8, the smallest AFGP is monitored as a function of temperature from 243 to 303 K using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The experimental results are compared with the hydrodynamic calculations using the viscosity of water at the same temperature range. In order to evaluate results on AFGP8, the smallest AFGP, constituting approximately two-thirds of the total AFGP fraction in fish blood serum, similar experimental and computational calculations were also performed on a set of globular proteins. These results show that even though the general trend of translational dynamics of AFGP is similar to that of the other globular proteins, AFGP8 appears to be more hydrated (approximately 30% increase in the bead radius) than the others over the temperature range studied. These results also suggest that local conformational changes such as segmental librations or hydrogen bond dynamics that are closer to the protein surface are more likely the determining dynamic factors for the function of AFGPs rather than any large-scale structural rearrangements. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol Biophys Grp, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Krishnan, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol Biophys Grp, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM krish@llnl.gov RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.02.005 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 836XM UT WOS:000222589500003 PM 15228958 ER PT J AU May, EE Vouk, MA Bitzer, DL Rosnick, DI AF May, EE Vouk, MA Bitzer, DL Rosnick, DI TI Coding theory based models for protein translation initiation in prokaryotic organisms SO BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Information Processing in Cells and Tissues CY SEP 08-11, 2003 CL Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND HO Swiss Fed Inst Technol DE coding theory; translation initiation; information theory; information processing ID INFORMATION-THEORY; DNA-SEQUENCES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR MACHINES; CODE; GENE; SITES; PREDICTION; ENTROPY; GENOMES AB Our research explores the feasibility of using communication theory, error control (EC) coding theory specifically, for quantitatively modeling the protein translation initiation mechanism. The messenger RNA (mRNA) of Escherichia coli K-12 is modeled as a noisy (errored), encoded signal and the ribosome as a minimum Hamming distance decoder, where the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) serves as a template for generating a set of valid codewords (the codebook). We tested the E. coli based coding models on 5' untranslated leader sequences of prokaryotic organisms of varying taxonomical relation to E. coli including: Salmonella typhimurium LT2, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus Mu50. The model identified regions on the 5' untranslated leader where the minimum Hamming distance values of translated mRNA sub-sequences and non-translated genomic sequences differ the most. These regions correspond to the Shine-Dalgarno domain and the non-random domain. Applying the EC coding-based models to B. subtilis, and S. aureus Mu50 yielded results similar to those for E. coli K-12. Contrary to our expectations, the behavior of S. typhimurium LT2, the more taxonomically related to E. coli, resembled that of the non-translated sequence group. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP May, EE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eemay@sandia.vgov NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-2647 J9 BIOSYSTEMS JI Biosystems PD AUG-OCT PY 2004 VL 76 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.biosystems.2004.05.017 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 857RA UT WOS:000224134800025 PM 15351148 ER PT J AU Hollich, V Johnson, E Furlong, EE Beckmann, B Carlson, J Celniker, SE Hoheisel, JD AF Hollich, V Johnson, E Furlong, EE Beckmann, B Carlson, J Celniker, SE Hoheisel, JD TI Creation of a minimal tiling path of genomic clones for Drosophila: provision of a common resource SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MELANOGASTER AB On the basis of shotgun subclone libraries used in the sequencing of the Drosophila melanogaster genome, a minimal tiling path of subclones across much of the genome was determined. About 320,000 shotgun clones for chromosomes X(12-20), 2R, 2L, 3R, and 4 were available from the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project. The clone inserts have an average length of 3.4 kb and are amenable to standard PCR amplification. The resulting tiling path covers 86.2% of chromosome X(12-20), 86.2% of chromosomal arm 2R, 79.0% of 2L, 89.6% of 3R, and 80.5% of chromosome 4. In total, the 25,135 clones represent 76.7 Mb-equivalent to about 67% of the genome-and would be suitable for producing a microarray on a single slide. C1 Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hoheisel, JD (reprint author), Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM j.hoheisel@dkfz.de NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 282 EP 284 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 845YB UT WOS:000223280200020 PM 15335221 ER PT J AU Agblevor, FA Murden, A Hames, BR AF Agblevor, FA Murden, A Hames, BR TI Improved method of analysis of biomass sugars using high-performance liquid chromatography SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biomass hydrolysates; biomass sugars; glucose; HPLC analysis; xylose AB The precise quantitative analysis of biomass derived sugars is a very important step in the conversion of biomass feedstocks to fuels and chemicals. However, the most accurate method of biomass sugar analysis is based on the gas chromatography analysis of derivatized sugars either as alditol acetates or trimethylsilanes. The derivatization method is time-consuming but the alternative HPLC method cannot resolve most sugars found in biomass hydrolysates. We have demonstrated for the first time that by careful manipulation of the HPLC mobile phase, biomass monomeric sugars ( arabinose, xylose, fructose, glucose, mannose, and galactose) can be analyzed quantitatively and there is excellent baseline resolution of all the sugars. This was demonstrated for both standard sugars and corn stover hydrolysates. Our method can also be used to analyze dimmeric sugars (cellobiose and sucrose). C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Agblevor, FA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Fagblevo@vt.edu NR 8 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 15 BP 1207 EP 1210 DI 10.1023/B:BILE.0000036596.95796.42 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 843AB UT WOS:000223044800005 PM 15289675 ER PT J AU Van Ooteghem, SA Jones, A van der Lelie, D Dong, B Mahajan, D AF Van Ooteghem, SA Jones, A van der Lelie, D Dong, B Mahajan, D TI H-2 production and carbon utilization by Thermotoga neapolitana under anaerobic and microaerobic growth conditions SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen production; microaerobic; thermophiles; thermotogales; Thermotoga neapolitana ID FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; HYDROGEN; CULTIVATION; EUBACTERIUM; MARITIMA; BACTERIA AB H-2 production by Petrotoga miotherma, Thermosipho africanus, Thermotoga elfii, Fervidobacterium pennavorans, and Thermotoga neapolitana was compared under microaerobic conditions. Contrary to these previously reported strains being strict anaerobes, all tested strains grew and produced H-2 in the presence of micromolar levels of O-2. T. neapolitana showed the highest H-2 production under these conditions. Microscopic counting techniques were used to determine growth curves and doubling times, which were subsequently correlated with optical density measurements. The Biolog anaerobic microtiter plate system was used to analyze the carbon source utilization spectrum of T. neapolitana and to select non-metabolized or poorly metabolized carbohydrates as physiological buffers. Itaconic acid was successfully used as a buffer to overcome pH-induced limitations of cell growth and to facilitate enhanced production of CO-free H-2. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Technol Energy Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vdlelied@bnl.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 13 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 26 IS 15 BP 1223 EP 1232 DI 10.1023/B:BILE.0000036602.75427.88 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 843AB UT WOS:000223044800008 PM 15289678 ER PT J AU Miller, LM Novatt, JT Hamerman, D Carlson, CS AF Miller, LM Novatt, JT Hamerman, D Carlson, CS TI Alterations in mineral composition observed in osteoarthritic joints of cynomolgus monkeys SO BONE LA English DT Article DE osteoarthritis; subchondral bone; calcified cartilage; tidemarks; cynomolgus monkeys; infrared microspectroscopy ID SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; KNEE OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; FT-IR MICROSCOPY; SUBCHONDRAL BONE; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; CALCIFIED ZONE; COLLAGEN; DISEASE; AGE AB Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease that affects more than 40 million Americans and is characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage and thickening of the underlying subchondral bone. Although subchondral bone thickening has been implicated in articular cartilage degeneration, very little is known about the composition of subchondral bone in OA. In the present study, infrared microspectroscopy (IRMS) was used to determine the chemical composition of the calcified cartilage-subchondral bone plate in a monkey model of OA. Specifically, the levels of mineralization (mineral/protein ratio), carbonate accumulation (carbonate/protein ratio), crystallinity, and collagen structure were determined as a function of animal age and OA severity. OA severity was assessed using a grading scheme that included scores or measurements for several histomorphometric parameters including articular cartilage fibrillation or clefting, subchondral bone thickness, and numbers of tidemarks and chondrocyte clones. Individual scores and measurements were summarized using principal components (factor) analysis. Results demonstrated that the level of mineralization and carbonate content increased as a function of animal age. In addition, bone mineralization level increased as subchondral bone thickness increased. Dramatic increases in the mineralization level and carbonate accumulation were also observed as a function of the number of tidemarks. The presence of multiple tidemarks indicates the occurrence of one or more additional phases of cartilage calcification, suggesting that the observed compositional changes are due to cartilage mineralization. Our results support a reactivation of endochondral ossification that occurs with age, which is more pronounced in OA. No relationships were observed between mineral crystallinity and collagen cross-linking as a function of age or OA severity. In summary, compositional analysis of the mineralized plate beneath the articular cartilage in OA is characterized by thickened, overmineralized calcified cartilage or subchondral bone, which likely puts added mechanical stress on the joint, contributing to the progression of OA. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Bldg 725D,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lmiller@bnl.gov RI Novatt, Jaclyn/H-3459-2013 OI Novatt, Jaclyn/0000-0002-3906-3469 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-14099] NR 65 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD AUG PY 2004 VL 35 IS 2 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2004.03.034 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 842TO UT WOS:000223027400021 PM 15268902 ER PT J AU Doran, JC AF Doran, JC TI Characteristics of intermittent turbulent temperature fluxes in stable conditions SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE intermittent turbulence; stable boundary layer; temperature fluxes ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE-LAYER; OSCILLATIONS; STABILITY; CASES-99; LAND AB The behaviour of intermittent turbulent temperature fluxes is characterized in terms of a flux interval, defined as the time interval over which flux values are computed, and a flux threshold value. Fluxes whose magnitudes exceed the threshold value are defined as flux events while the times when the threshold is not exceeded are defined as gaps. Turbulent temperature flux data from five sites in Kansas, Utah, and Washington State, U. S. A. are examined within this descriptive framework. The turbulent event fraction f(turb), the ratio of the time occupied by turbulent events to the total sampling time, is found to depend linearly on the average flux for the sampling period over a range of flux intervals, threshold values, and sampling times. As the average flux for a sampling period decreases toward zero, the median magnitude of the fluxes during the gaps also decreases but the median fluxes during the turbulent events become nearly independent of the sampling period average. A wide range of values of f(turb) is found for gradient Richardson numbers less than 0.3, indicating the possibility of considerable intermittency under weakly to moderately stable conditions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Doran, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.1023/B:BOUN.0000027907.06649.d0 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 827VN UT WOS:000221931600003 ER PT J AU Bazjanac, V AF Bazjanac, V TI Building energy performance simulation as part of interoperable software environments SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP Int Building Performance Simulation Assoc DE IFC; data model; data exchange; buildings; simulation; energy performance; HVAC; software development; software interfaces AB Interoperable software makes it possible to seamlessly exchange data among different compliant applications. Among other benefits, this offers opportunities to increase the quality of building energy simulation through simultaneous interaction of multiple design and simulation tools, possible because of direct data exchange among them. This paper discusses the new IFC HVAC extension schemata that are included in the latest release of the IFC data model (IFC2 x 2) and the new functionalities and industry processes it now supports. It describes an example of interoperable software environment, possible gains from interoperable simulation, and discusses current issues in data exchange for such simulation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bazjanac, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS-90-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM v_bazjanac@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 879 EP 883 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.01.012 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 827SU UT WOS:000221921900002 ER PT J AU Wetter, M Wright, J AF Wetter, M Wright, J TI A comparison of deterministic and probabilistic optimization algorithms for nonsmooth simulation-based optimization SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP Int Building Performance Simulation Assoc DE optimization; direct search; Hooke-Jeeves; coordinate search; genetic algorithm; particle swarm optimization ID MEAD SIMPLEX-METHOD; FUNCTION MINIMIZATION; CONVERGENCE AB In solving optimization problems for building design and control, the cost function is often evaluated using a detailed building simulation program. These programs contain code features that cause the cost function to be discontinuous. Optimization algorithms that require smoothness can fail on such problems. Evaluating the cost function is often so time-consuming that stochastic optimization algorithms are run using only a few simulations, which decreases the probability of getting close to a minimum. To show how applicable direct search, stochastic, and gradient-based optimization algorithms are for solving such optimization problems, we compare the performance of these algorithms in minimizing cost functions with different smoothness. We also explain what causes the large discontinuities in the cost functions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Simulat Res Grp, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Loughborough, Dept Civil & Bldg Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Simulat Res Grp, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mwetter@lbl.gov; j.a.wright@lboro.ac.uk RI Wright, Jonathan/B-2885-2008 OI Wright, Jonathan/0000-0001-5802-5815 NR 35 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 EI 1873-684X J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 989 EP 999 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.01.022 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 827SU UT WOS:000221921900012 ER PT J AU Malagnini, L Mayeda, K Akinci, A Bragato, PL AF Malagnini, L Mayeda, K Akinci, A Bragato, PL TI Estimating absolute site effects SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT-FILLED VALLEY; GROUND-MOTION; MOMENT; EARTHQUAKES; SEISMOGRAMS; AMPLITUDE; SPECTRA; MODEL AB We use previously determined direct-wave attenuation functions as well as stable, coda-derived source excitation spectra to isolate the absolute S-wave site effect for the horizontal and vertical components of weak ground motion. We use selected stations in the seismic network of the eastern Alps. A detailed regional attenuation function derived by Malagnini et al. (2002) for the region is used to correct the vertical and horizontal S-wave spectra. These corrections account for the gross path effects (i.e., all distance-dependent effects), although the source and site effects are still present in the distance-corrected spectra. The main goal of this study is to isolate the absolute site effect (as a function of frequency) by removing the source spectrum (moment-rate spectrum) from the distance-corrected S-wave spectra. Typically, removing the S-wave source spectrum is difficult because of inadequate corrections for the source radiation pattern, directivity, and random interference. In addition to complexities near the source, 2D and 3D structure beneath the recording site will result in an azimuth-dependent site effect. Since the direct wave only samples a narrow range in takeoff and backazimuth angles, multistation averaging is needed to minimize the inherent scatter. Because of these complicating effects, we apply the coda methodology outlined by Mayeda et al. (2003) to obtain stable moment-rate spectra. This methodology provides source amplitude and derived source spectra that are a factor of 3-4 times more stable than those derived from direct waves. Since the coda is commonly thought of as scattered energy that samples all ray parameters and backazimuths, it is not very sensitive to the source radiation pattern and 3D structure. This property makes it an excellent choice for use in obtaining average parameters to describe the source, site, and path effects in a region. Due to the characteristics of the techniques used in this study, all the inverted quantities are azimuthally averaged, since the azimuthal information is lost in the processing. Our results show that (1) all rock sites exhibited deamplification phenomena due to absorption at frequencies ranging between 0.5 and 12 Hz (the available bandwidth), on both the horizontal and vertical components; (2) rock-site transfer functions showed large variability at high-frequency; (3) vertical-motion site transfer functions show strong frequency dependence; (4) horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios do not reproduce the charactersitics of the true horizontal site transfer functions; and (5) traditional, relative site terms obtained by using reference rock sites can be misleading in inferring the behaviors of true site transfer functions, since most rock sites have nonflat responses due to shallow heterogeneities resulting from varying degrees of weathering. Our stable source spectra are used to estimate the total radiated seismic energy and to compare against similar results obtained for different regions of the world. We find that the earthquakes in this region exhibit nonconstant dynamic stress drop scaling, which gives further support for a fundamental difference in rupture dynamics between small and large earthquakes. C1 Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ground Based Nucl Explos Monitoring Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ist Nazl Oceanografia & Geofis Sperimentale, Ctr Ric Sismol, I-33100 Udine, Italy. RP Malagnini, L (reprint author), Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Via Vigna Murata 605, I-00143 Rome, Italy. OI Bragato, Pier Luigi/0000-0003-3634-1053 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1343 EP 1352 DI 10.1785/012003161 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 855AN UT WOS:000223945300010 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, JLV AF Lewandowski, JLV TI Optimized loading for particle-in-cell gyrokinetic simulations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; ALGORITHM AB The problem of particle loading in particle-in-cell gyrokinetic simulations is addressed using a quadratic optimization algorithm. Optimized loading in configuration space dramatically reduces the short-wavelength modes in the electrostatic potential that are partly responsible for the nonconservation of total energy; further, the long-wavelength modes are resolved with good accuracy. As a result, the conservation of energy for the optimized loading is much better that the conservation of energy for the random loading. The method is valid for any geometry and can be coupled to optimization algorithms in velocity space. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lewandowski, JLV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jlewando@pppl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 82 IS 8 BP 609 EP 622 DI 10.1139/P04-034 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 837RK UT WOS:000222653100003 ER PT J AU Resat, MS Morgan, WF AF Resat, MS Morgan, WF TI Microbeam developments and applications: A low linear energy transfer perspective SO CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE microbeam; low-LET; radiation induced bystander effect; non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation ID INDUCED GENOMIC INSTABILITY; CHARGED-PARTICLE MICROBEAM; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; IONIZING-RADIATION; ALPHA-PARTICLES; X-RAYS; ELECTRON MICROBEAM; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB In the last few years there has been a significant increase in the number of centers having, or developing, both high- and low-linear energy transfer (LET) microbeams for radiobiological investigations. In this review, we will discuss the various approaches for developing low-LET single cell irradiation devices and consider the instrument designs and how the machines capabilities can be exploited to investigate targeted and non-targeted effects of low-LET irradiation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Maryland, Radiat Oncol Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Resat, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-88,3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM marianne.sowa-resat@pnl.gov NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7659 J9 CANCER METAST REV JI Cancer Metastasis Rev. PD AUG-DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 829BG UT WOS:000222017400011 ER PT J AU Balhorn, R Perkins, J Burke, P Lightstone, F Cosman, M Hartmann-Siantar, C DeNardo, S Colvin, M Lehner, T Gregg, J Albrecht, H DeNardo, GL AF Balhorn, R Perkins, J Burke, P Lightstone, F Cosman, M Hartmann-Siantar, C DeNardo, S Colvin, M Lehner, T Gregg, J Albrecht, H DeNardo, GL TI Development of selective high affinity ligand (SHAL) antibody mimics for lymphoma/leukemia imaging and therapy SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Conference on Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates CY OCT 20-23, 2004 CL Princeton, NJ SP Bristol Myers Squibb, Berlex, biogen idec, Immunomedics Inc, Ctr Mol Med & Immunol, NCI C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 MA 13 BP 517 EP 517 PG 1 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 857KN UT WOS:000224115300026 ER PT J AU Fan, WW Huang, X Chen, C Gray, J Huang, TS AF Fan, WW Huang, X Chen, C Gray, J Huang, TS TI TBX3 and its isoform TBX3+2a are functionally distinctive in inhibition of senescence and are overexpressed in a subset of breast cancer cell lines SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ULNAR-MAMMARY SYNDROME; HOLT-ORAM-SYNDROME; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE; MUTATIONS; LIMB; DEFECTS; GLAND; MOUSE; MICE AB TBX3 is a transcription factor of the T-box gene family. Mutations of TBX3 cause ulnar-mammary syndrome (MIM 181450) in humans, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the mammary glands and other congenital anomalies. It recently was found that TBX3 was able to immortalize mouse embryo fibroblast (ME) cells. In addition, TBX2, a homologue of TBX3, is active in preventing senescence in rodent cells and was found to be amplified in some human breast cancers, suggesting TBX3 plays a role in breast cancer. This study examined the function of TBX3 and its isoform, TBX3 + 2a. TBX3 + 2a differs from TBX3 in the DNA binding domain with an extra 20 amino acids produced by alternative splicing. We first examined the tissue expression and alternative splicing patterns of these two isoforms. We found that TBX3 and TBX3 + 2a are widely expressed in humans and mice, and alternative splicing could be tissue specific and species specific. Overexpression of TBX3 is able to immortalize MEF cells, whereas TBX3 + 2a shows an acceleration of senescence, a functional difference that may be explained by the fact that these two isoforms may have different downstream targets. TBX3, but not TBX3 + 2a, is able to bind to the previously identified T-box binding site in a gel shift assay. A subset of human breast cancer cell lines overexpresses TBX3. Our results indicate that TBX3 and TBX3 + 2a are functionally distinctive in inhibition of senescence of MEF cells and may play a role in breast cancer. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Lab Med & Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, TS (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Div Genet, Robert R Sprague Hall 314, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM huangts@uci.edu RI Fan, Weiwei/B-3782-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA 58207] NR 28 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 64 IS 15 BP 5132 EP 5139 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0615 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 842XO UT WOS:000223038200019 PM 15289316 ER PT J AU Hong, L Felinger, A Kaczmarski, K Guiochon, G AF Hong, L Felinger, A Kaczmarski, K Guiochon, G TI Measurement of intraparticle diffusion in reversed phase liquid chromatography SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE intraparticle diffusion; liquid chromatography; mass transfer kinetics in adsorption ID LATERAL DIFFUSION; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; STATIONARY-PHASE; SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS; ACRIDINE-ORANGE; BONDED PHASES; C-18; RETENTION; INTERFACES; ADSORPTION AB The intraparticle diffusion coefficient was measured using a method based on the fitting of a set of experimental chromatographic profiles to the lumped pore diffusion model. For this purpose, both the analytical solution of the model in the Laplace domain and a numerical method were used. There was an excellent agreement between the results given by the two methods. These results are compared to those obtained by moment analysis of the same set of chromatographic profiles and by the determination of the intraparticle diffusion coefficient from the second central moment of these bands. Nearly identical results were obtained with these two independent methods. The values of the intraparticle diffusion coefficient, D, for rubrene in pure methanol was found to be 7.89 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s by the modeling method and 7.23 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s by the moment analysis method. These values increase with increasing water concentration, to 1.10 x 10(-6) and 1.24 x 10(-6) cm(2)/s, respectively, in a 96:4 v/v methanol/water solution and to 1.63 x 10(-6) and 2.38 x 10(-6) cm(2)/s, respectively, in a 90:10 v/v solution. These results confirm the validity and the consistency of the lumped pore model and the moment analysis theory. They show that both approaches describe correctly the mass transfer kinetics in the particles of packing material during the chromatographic process. Systematic determinations of the intraparticle diffusion coefficient can now be undertaken and the influence of various experimental parameters on this important property of packing materials can be investigated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rzesow Univ Technol, Fac Chem, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu RI Felinger, Attila/A-1595-2008 OI Felinger, Attila/0000-0001-7130-1968 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 59 IS 16 BP 3399 EP 3412 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2004.01.071 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 848EC UT WOS:000223449200011 ER PT J AU Puttner, R Kolczewski, C Martins, M Schlachter, AS Snell, G Sant'Anna, M Viefhaus, J Hermann, K Kaindl, G AF Puttner, R Kolczewski, C Martins, M Schlachter, AS Snell, G Sant'Anna, M Viefhaus, J Hermann, K Kaindl, G TI The C 1s NEXAFS spectrum of benzene below threshold: Rydberg or valence character of the unoccupied sigma-type orbitals SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; SHELL EXCITATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; MOLECULES; SYMMETRY; ENERGIES; WAVE AB High-resolution C 1s near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of benzene and benzene-d(6) were measured and compared with the results of state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrating excellent agreement. The spectrum below threshold is dominated by four resonances, each two of them with sigma and pi-type final-state orbitals. The pi-type resonances have been ascribed in previous work unanimously to antibonding valence orbitals while the character of the sigma-type resonances is still the subject of discussion. Based on the present theoretical results and the observed vibrational fine structures both sigma-type orbitals are assigned to be valence type with minor admixtures of Rydberg character. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, Inst Expt Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Puttner, R (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, Inst Expt Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM puettner@physik.fu-berlin.de RI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/B-9355-2013 OI Sant'Anna, Marcelo/0000-0001-5342-5799 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 393 IS 4-6 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.053 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842ZL UT WOS:000223043100015 ER PT J AU Page, K Proffen, T Terrones, H Terrones, M Lee, L Yang, Y Stemmer, S Seshadri, R Cheetham, AK AF Page, K Proffen, T Terrones, H Terrones, M Lee, L Yang, Y Stemmer, S Seshadri, R Cheetham, AK TI Direct observation of the structure of gold nanoparticles by total scattering powder neutron diffraction SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NANOCRYSTALS; REFINEMENT AB Fluorothiol-capped fcc gold nanoparticles, with a mean diameter of approximately 4 nm have been studied using total scattering powder neutron diffraction at 15 and 300 K on the NPDF diffractometer at the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center. The results are compared with bulk gold powder. A real space analysis of the structure of the nanoparticles has been performed using the pair distribution function (PDF). This provides valuable information and reveals several interesting features. The PDF pattern for the nanoparticles is significantly attenuated compared to bulk gold due to the finite size of the particles; the attenuation is consistent with the 4 nm size of the particles. The nanoparticles have a slightly smaller lattice parameter at both temperatures but the nearest neighbor Au-Au vectors are entirely symmetrical and there is no evidence for structural relaxation associated with atoms near the surface. The vector between surface Au atoms and sulfur of the thiol cap layer can be observed at similar to2.4 Angstrom. The study points to the great power of total neutron scattering in ensemble-averaged analysis of structure in the nano regime. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. IPICyT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cheetham, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cheetham@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Stemmer, Susanne/H-6555-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Stemmer, Susanne/0000-0002-3142-4696; Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 NR 24 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 393 IS 4-6 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.107 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 842ZL UT WOS:000223043100019 ER PT J AU Malfatti, MA Felton, JS AF Malfatti, MA Felton, JS TI Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 is the primary enzyme responsible for the n-glucuronidation of N-hydroxy-PhIP in vitro SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; BILIRUBIN UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE-1; GILBERTS-SYNDROME; LIVER-MICROSOMES; RAT-LIVER; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCUS AB UDP-glueuronosyltransferase 1A proteins (UGT1A) catalyze the glucuronidation of many endogenous and xenobiotic compounds including heterocyclic amines and their hydroxylated metabolites. Studies have shown that in humans UGT1A-mediated glucuronidation is an important pathway in the detoxification of food-borne carcinogenic heterocyclic amines. The biotransformation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the most mass abundant heterocyclic amine found in cooked meats, is highly dependent on cytochrome P4501A2 hydroxylation followed by UGT-catalyzed glucuronidation of the N-hydroxy-PhIP reactive intermediate. To determine which UGT1A proteins are involved in the glucuronidation of N-hydroxy-PhIP, microsomal preparations from baculovirus-infected insect cells that express all of the known functional human UGT1A isozymes (UGT1A1, -1A3, -1A4, -1A6, -1A7, -1A8, -1A9, and -1A10) were exposed to N-hydroxy-PhIP and the reaction products were isolated by HPLC. All UGT1A proteins except UGT1A6 showed some degree of activity toward N-hydroxy-PhIP. The formation of both N-hydroxy-PhIP-N-2-glucuronide and N-hydroxy-PhIP-N3-glucuronide was both time- and substrate concentration-dependent. UGT1A1 was the most efficient in converting N-hydroxy-PhIP to both conjugates producing five times more of the N-2-conjugate than UGT1A4, the next most active UGT, and 286 times more than UGT1A7, the least active UGT. With an apparent K-m of 52 muM and a K-cat of 114 min(-1), UGT1A1 was also the most catalytically efficient in forming N-hydroxy-PhIP-N2-glucuronide. The catalytic efficiency for N-hydroxy-PhIP-N3-glueuronide formation was 8, 10, and 6 times lower for UGT1A1, -1A4, and -1A8, respectively, when compared to the Kat values for N-hydroxy-PhIP-N2-glucuronide formation. These results clearly show that UGT1A1 has the highest specificity for glucuronidating N-hydroxy-PhIP. Polymorphic expression resulting in decreased UGT1A1 activity in humans can cause reduced rates of glucuronidation, which can change the metabolic ratio between bioactivation and detoxification to favor bioactivation. This change will increase the susceptibility to the deleterious effects from PhIP exposure because the capacity to form nontoxic N-hydroxy-PhIP glucuronide conjugates will be diminished. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Felton, JS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM felton1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1137 EP 1144 DI 10.1021/tx049898m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 847RG UT WOS:000223412000015 PM 15310245 ER PT J AU Szecsody, JE Girvin, DC Devary, BJ Campbell, JA AF Szecsody, JE Girvin, DC Devary, BJ Campbell, JA TI Sorption and oxic degradation of the explosive CL-20 during transport in subsurface sediments SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE explosives; CL-20; RDX; K-d; sorption rate; abiotic degradation ID EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES; RDX; SOIL; FATE; TNT; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; SUSPENSIONS; GROUNDWATER; REDUCTION; FE(II) AB The abiotic sorption and oxic degradation processes that control the fate of the explosive CL-20, Hexa-nitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, in the subsurface environment were investigated to determine the potential for vadose and groundwater contamination. Sorption of aqueous CL-20 is relatively small (K-d = 0.02-3.83 cm(3) g(-1) for 7 sediments and 12 minerals), which results in only slight retardation relative to water movement. Thus, CL-20 could move quickly through unsaturated and saturated sediments of comparable composition to groundwater, similar to the subsurface behavior of RDX. CL-20 sorption was mainly to mineral surfaces of the sediments, and the resulting isotherm was nonlinear. CL-20 abiotically degrades in oxic environments at slow rates (i.e., 10s to 100s of hours) with a wide variety of minerals, but at fast rates (i.e., minutes) in the presence of 2:1 phyllosilicate clays (hectorite, montmorillonite, nontronite), micas (biotite, illite), and specific oxides (MnO2 and the ferrous-ferric iron oxide magnetite). High concentrations of surface ferrous iron in. a dithionite reduced sediment degraded CL-20 the fastest (half-life < 0.05 h), but 2:1 clays containing no structural or. adsorbed ferrous iron (hectorite) could also = quickly degrade CL-20 (half-life < 0.2 h). CL-20 degradation rates were slower in natural sediments (half-life 3-800 h) compared to minerals. Sediments with slow degradation rates and small sorption would exhibit the highest potential for deep subsurface. migration. Products of CL-20 oxic degradation included three high molecular weight compounds and anions (nitrite and formate). The 2-3.5 moles of nitrite produced suggest CL-20 nitro-groups are degraded, and the amount of formate produced (0.2-1.2 moles) suggests the CL-20 cage structure is broken in some sediments. Identification of further degradation products and CL-20 mineralization rates is needed to fully assess the impact of these CL-20 transformation rates on the risk of CL-20 (and degradation product) subsurface movement. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Dept Geosci, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Szecsody, JE (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Dept Geosci, Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K3-61, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.szecsody@pnl.gov NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 6 BP 593 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.028 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 837RF UT WOS:000222652500009 PM 15212902 ER PT J AU Lin, KS Ding, YS AF Lin, KS Ding, YS TI Synthesis, enantiomeric resolution, and selective C-11 methylation of a highly selective radioligand for imaging the norepinephrine transporter with positron emission tomography SO CHIRALITY LA English DT Article DE reboxetine; antidepressant; chiral HPLC; carbon-11; radiotracer; PET ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASES; RADIOTRACERS; SEPARATION; PET; DERIVATIVES; REBOXETINE; INHIBITOR; CELLULOSE; MOUSE AB Reboxetine, 2-[alpha-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)benzyl]morpholine, is a highly selective norepinephrine transporter (NET) blocker that has been used for the treatment of depression. Its methyl analogue, 2-[alpha-(2-methoxyphenoxy)benzyl]morpholine (MRB), has been radiolabeled with C-11 for studies of the NET system with positron emission tomography (PET). The normethyl precursor, 2-alpha-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl]morpholine (desethylreboxetine), was synthesized in 6% overall yield via a multi-step regio- and stereo-specific synthesis, starting from a mono-O-protected catechol. The resulting racemic mixture of desethylreboxetine was resolved by chiral HPLC to provide the (2S,3S) and (2R,3R) enantiomers in >98% enantiomeric excess. These enantiomers were then used as precursors for radiosynthesis to prepare enantiomerically pure individual C-11-labeled MRB enantiomers for comparative PET studies in baboons. Selective C-11 methylation at the phenolic oxygen with [C-11]CH3I was achieved in the presence of excess base. After HPLC purification, racemic ((2S,3S)/(2R,3R)) or enantiomerically pure ((2S,3S) or (2R,3R)) [11C]MRB was obtained in 61-74% decay-corrected radiochemical yields from [11C]CH3I in a synthesis time of 40 min with a radiochemical purity of >96% and a specific activity of 1.7-2.3 Ci/mumol (63-85 GBq/mumol) corrected from the end of bombardment (EOB). (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ding, YS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ding@bnl.gov OI Lin, Kuo-Shyan/0000-0002-0739-0780 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB002630]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-06278] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0899-0042 J9 CHIRALITY JI Chirality PD AUG PY 2004 VL 16 IS 7 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1002/chir.20055 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Organic; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 840FC UT WOS:000222841600006 PM 15236345 ER PT J AU Hawkes, ER Chen, JH AF Hawkes, ER Chen, JH TI Direct numerical simulation of hydrogen-enriched lean premixed methane-air flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE lean premixed combustion; hydrogen; methane; direct numerical simulation ID BURNING VELOCITY; STRAIN-RATE; COMBUSTION; FLOWS; EXTINCTION; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; CURVATURE; PRODUCTS; STRETCH AB The effect of hydrogen blending on lean premixed methane-air flames is studied with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach coupled with a reduced chemical mechanism. Two flames are compared with respect to stability and pollutant formation characteristics-one a pure methane flame close to the lean limit, and one enriched with hydrogen. The stability of the flame is quantified in terms of the turbulent flame speed. A higher speed is observed for the hydrogen-enriched flame consistent with extended blow-off stability limits found in measurements. The greater flame speed is the result of a combination of higher laminar flame speed, enhanced area generation, and greater burning rate per unit area. Preferential diffusion of hydrogen coupled with shorter flame time scales accounts for the enhanced flame surface area. In particular, the enriched flame is less diffusive-thermally stable and more resistant to quenching than the pure methane flame, resulting in a greater flame area,generation. The burning rate per unit area correlates strongly with curvature as a result of preferential diffusion effects focusing fuel at positive cusps. Lower CO emissions per unit fuel consumption are observed for the enriched flame, consistent with experimental data. CO production is greatest in regions which undergo significant downstream interaction. In these regions, the enriched flame exhibits faster oxidation rates as a result of higher levels of OH concentration. NO emissions are increased for the enriched flame as a result of locally higher temperature and radical concentrations found in cusp regions. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Reacting Flow Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hawkes, ER (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Reacting Flow Res Dept, POB 969 MS 9501, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM erhawke@ca.sandia.gov RI Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012 OI Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951 NR 47 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2004 VL 138 IS 3 BP 242 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.04.010 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 848WK UT WOS:000223498600004 ER PT J AU Deng, SQ Li, XM Lin, H Weitsman, YJ AF Deng, SQ Li, XM Lin, H Weitsman, YJ TI The non-linear response of quasi-isotropic composite laminates SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The stress-strain response of quasi-isotropic composite laminates consisting of carbon fiber strands embedded in urethane resin was tested at several load orientations. It was noted that at sufficiently high stresses the above response exhibited angular dependence and deviation from linearity, especially at load orientations intermediate to the fiber directions. Similar results were reproduced for quasi-isotropic carbon/PPS composites, where failure was associated with a most substantial amount of delaminations. The above angular dependence could not be explained by either of two forms of elaso-plastic models, and is probably attributable to damage. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Weitsman, YJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 307 Perkins Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM weitsman@utk.edu NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 10-11 BP 1577 EP 1585 DI 10.1016/j.compscitech.2003.11.011 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 831YB UT WOS:000222231700015 ER PT J AU Wei, SH AF Wei, SH TI Overcoming the doping bottleneck in semiconductors SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE semiconductor; doping; band structure; theory ID PERIODIC BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; P-TYPE ZNO; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; N-TYPE ZNTE; II-VI; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NATIVE DEFECTS; SPECIAL POINTS AB Application of semiconductors as electric and optoelectronic devices depends critically on their dopability. Failure to dope a material, i.e., to produce enough free charge carriers beyond a certain limit, is often the single most important bottleneck for advancing semiconductor-based high technology. Using the first-principles band structure method, we have studied systematically the general chemical trends of the defect formation and ionization in semiconductors to understand the physical origin of the doping difficulty. New approaches to overcoming the doping limit have been developed. This paper reviews our recent progress and discusses some of the computational issues in defect calculations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM swci@nrel.gov NR 55 TC 212 Z9 215 U1 11 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 EI 1879-0801 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2004.02.024 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 843XV UT WOS:000223121500025 ER PT J AU Brennan, SM Mielke, AM Torney, DC Maccabe, AB AF Brennan, SM Mielke, AM Torney, DC Maccabe, AB TI Radiation detection with distributed sensor networks SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Performance Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Brennan, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM brennan@lanl.gov; amielke@lanl.gov; dct@lanl.gov; maccabe@cs.unm.edu NR 3 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2004 VL 37 IS 8 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1109/MC.2004.103 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 844JP UT WOS:000223154600020 ER PT J AU Christensen, K Nordman, B Brown, R AF Christensen, K Nordman, B Brown, R TI Power management in networked devices SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Christensen, K (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM christen@csee.usf.edu; bnordman@lbl.gov; rebrown@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2004 VL 37 IS 8 BP 91 EP 93 DI 10.1109/MC.2004.100 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 844JP UT WOS:000223154600024 ER PT J AU DeVault, TL Reinhart, BD Brisbin, IL Rhodes, OE AF DeVault, TL Reinhart, BD Brisbin, IL Rhodes, OE TI Home ranges of Sympatric Black and Turkey Vultures in South Carolina SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE aerial telemetry; Black Vulture; Cathartes aura; Coragyps atratus; home range; movement patterns; Turkey Vulture ID HABITAT USE; FOOD; COMPETITION; INFORMATION; MARYLAND; BIRDS; SIZE AB We examined home-range characteristics of seven Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) and four Turkey Vultures (Cathartes aura) at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. Birds were captured at their primary roost and tracked via aerial telemetry from 11 February 2002 through 29 January 2003. Mean annual home-range sizes (95% fixed kernel) for Black and Turkey Vultures were 12399 +/- 5199 ha [SE] and 34053 +/- 8567 ha, respectively. Black Vultures concentrated their movements around the primary roost, whereas Turkey Vultures demonstrated less site fidelity. Home-range sizes and time spent soaring for both species were much greater than reported for vultures residing in an agricultural landscape. We suggest that food resources at the heavily forested Savannah River Site were fewer and less predictable than in agricultural landscapes, requiring larger home ranges and increased time spent foraging. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP DeVault, TL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tdevault1@purdue.edu NR 30 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 13 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 2004 VL 106 IS 3 BP 706 EP 711 DI 10.1650/7461 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 845HX UT WOS:000223234100026 ER PT J AU Hua, F Gordon, G AF Hua, F Gordon, G TI Corrosion behavior of alloy 22 and Ti Grade 7 in a nuclear waste repository environment SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE Alloy 22; apparent activation energy; basic saturted water; crevice corrosion; general corrosion; high-level nuclear waste; Ti Grade 7; Yucca Mountain Project ID MO AB Alloy 22 (UNS N06022) and Ti Grade 7 (UNS R52400) are the current corrosion-resistant materials of choice for fabricating the waste package outer barrier and the drip shield, respectively, for the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. In this work, the general and crevice corrosion behavior of annealed and welded Alloy 22 and Ti Grade 7 exposed in basic saturated water (BSW-12) for four and eight weeks at 60degreesC to 105degreesC were evaluated using the ASTM G78 method combined with surface analysis and statistical analysts of corrosion rate. The general corrosion rates for Alloy 22 and Ti Grade 7 were found to increase linearly with temperature but decrease with the exposure time. The mean corrosion rate was found to be 0.003 mpy (0.075 mum/y) at 60degreesC and 0.010 mpy (0.25 mum/y) at 105degreesC for Alloy 22 and 0.008 mpy (0.20 mum/y) at 60degreesC and 0.022 mpy (0.56 mum/y) at 105degreesC for Ti Grade 7. No significant difference in corrosion behavior between the annealed and welded materials was observed. For both materials the surface imperfections inherited from materials processing did not seem to deteriorate the excellent corrosion resistance of the materials but might serve as the "traps" for corrosion products, The apparent activation energies for the temperature dependence of corrosion rates of Ti Grade 7 and Alloy 22 in BSW-12 environment were obtained as 25.3 (+/-5.5) KJ/mol and 23.7 (+/-4.5) KJ/mol, respectively. Although none of the materials was found susceptible to crevice corrosion under the test conditions, to conclude that these materials are immune to crevice corrosion in BSW-12 would require longer-term testing. C1 Bechtel SAIC Co LLC, US Dept Energy, M&O, Framatome ANP, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. RP Hua, F (reprint author), Bechtel SAIC Co LLC, US Dept Energy, M&O, Framatome ANP, 1180 Town Ctr Dr, Las Vegas, NV 89144 USA. EM fred_hua@ymp.gov NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD AUG PY 2004 VL 60 IS 8 BP 764 EP 777 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 849OJ UT WOS:000223547900007 ER PT J AU Murata, K Yoshino, H Nakanishi, T Konoike, T Brooks, J Graf, D Mielke, C Papavassiliou, GC AF Murata, K Yoshino, H Nakanishi, T Konoike, T Brooks, J Graf, D Mielke, C Papavassiliou, GC TI A new quantum Hall effect in the two-dimensional organic conductor, tau-(EDO-S,S-DMEDT-TTF)(2)(AuBr2)(1+y) SO CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Transport Synthetic Metals and Quantum Functional Semiconductors CY NOV 20-22, 2003 CL Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA HO Seoul Natl Univ DE Quantum Hall effect; organic conductors; electron states in low-dimensional structures AB In the two-dimensional organic conductor, tau-(EDO-S,S-DMEDT-TTF)(2)(AuBr2)(1+y), we have observed Shubnikov de Hass oscillations with Landau level down to n = 2 in field up to 27 T. Motivated with this result, we extended to Hall effect study in pulsed magnetic field up to 60 T as well as in do field up to 45 T and found Hall resistance plateau above 40 T (n = 1). Since this system consists of two two-dimensional Fermi surface pockets, and larger pocket has a large effective mass compared with the smaller one, larger Fermi pocket behaves as a reservoir for the smaller pocket to be well-separated into completely filled and completely empty Landau levels in a certain range of temperature and magnetic field. The interpretation of realizing the Hall plateau can be understood as a new mechanism for QHE, but is quite different neither from localization nor field induce spin density wave state in organic TMTSF salts. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Hellen Res Fdn, Theoret & Phys Chem Inst, Athens 1168577, Greece. RP Murata, K (reprint author), Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka 5588585, Japan. EM muratak@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1739 J9 CURR APPL PHYS JI Curr. Appl. Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 488 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.cap.2004.01.005 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 843KK UT WOS:000223077500013 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK Huang, DH AF Lyo, SK Huang, DH TI Multisublevel transport and magnetoquantum oscillations in quantum wires SO CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Transport Synthetic Metals and Quantum Functional Semiconductors CY NOV 20-22, 2003 CL Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA HO Seoul Natl Univ DE ballistic; diffusive; conductance; thermopower; sign anomaly ID IMPURITY-LIMITED MOBILITY; QUANTIZED CONDUCTANCE; POINT CONTACTS; SUBBANDS AB Transport in one-dimensional (1D) wires show interesting properties due to restricted 1D phase space. We calculate 1D transport properties to a controlled accuracy and examine the effect of combined elastic and inelastic scattering on the conductance G and the thermoelectric power S of a single-quantum-well wire (SQWR) and tunnel-coupled double-quantum-well wires (DQWR's) in a perpendicular magnetic field. The field dependence of G and S are strikingly different in ballistic and diffusive regimes. Interwell tunneling in DQWR's distorts the conductance and the TEP drastically from those of a SQWR and yields a sign anomaly for S. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFRL VSSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sklyo@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1739 J9 CURR APPL PHYS JI Curr. Appl. Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 4 IS 5 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.cap.2004.02.004 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 843KK UT WOS:000223077500014 ER PT J AU Tavares, FW Bratko, D Prausnitz, JM AF Tavares, FW Bratko, D Prausnitz, JM TI The role of salt-macroion van der Waals interactions in the colloid-colloid potential of mean force SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE potential of mean force; van der Waals interactions; protein precipitation; Hofmeister series; computer simulation ID CHARGE ASYMMETRY 60/1; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; SURFACE-TENSION; ION HYDRATION; ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION; HOFMEISTER-SERIES; DISPERSION FORCES; PROTEIN-PROTEIN; DOUBLE-LAYER; MONTE-CARLO AB In an aqueous electrolyte solution, the potential of mean force for two macroions is affected not only by the size and charge of each electrolyte ion but also by the ion's polarizability. The mean force between two colloidal particles in a saline solution can be calculated by augmenting electrostatic interactions with salt-specific dispersion (van der Waals) interactions between small ions and between small ions and macroions. Results of Monte Carlo simulations are qualitatively consistent with specific-salt effects observed experimentally by numerous investigators, including those of Hofmeister for aqueous proteins over 100 years ago. In agreement with theoretical predictions of Ninham et al., our calculations show that the potential of mean force (and hence the phase behavior of colloidal or protein solution) is sensitive to the van der Waals interaction that depends on salt identity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Escola Quim, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Chem, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tavares, FW (reprint author), Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Escola Quim, Caixa Postal 68542, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. EM tavares@eq.ufrj.br NR 51 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1359-0294 J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2004.05.008 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 855LD UT WOS:000223973800012 ER PT J AU Habbersett, RC Jett, JH AF Habbersett, RC Jett, JH TI An analytical system based on a compact flow cytometer for DNA fragment sizing and single-molecule detection SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article DE DNA fragment sizing; phycoerythrin; single-molecule detection; flow cytometry; photon counting; avalanche photodiode ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; HYDRODYNAMICALLY FOCUSED FLOWS; SENSITIVITY; COMPLEXES; LIQUIDS; DYES AB Background: Previous reports have demonstrated accurate DNA fragment sizing of linear DNA fragments, from 564 to approximate to4 x 10(5) bp, in a flow system. B-phycoerythrin (B-PE), commonly used in conventional cytometric applications that require high-sensitivity, was the first fluorophore detected in flow at the single-molecule level. Methods: Dilute solutions of stained DNA fragments or B-PE were analyzed in a simplified, compact flow system, with enhanced performance and lower cost, utilizing a solid-state laser and a single-photon sensing avalanche photodiode detector (SSAPD). Extensive data processing and display software, developed specifically for the photon-counting data stream, extracts correlated height, width, and area features from bursts of photons due to discrete molecules passing through the sensing region in the flow channel. Results: DNA fragment sizing in flow has now been demonstrated for SYTOX-orange-stained fragments ranging in size over 3.4 orders of magnitude, from 125 to 5 x 10(5) bp. For Lambda bacteriophage DNA (X DNA; 48.5 kbp) a CV of 1.2% has been achieved. Analysis of a femtomolar B-PE solution demonstrates that the bursts of photons from individual molecules can be baseline-resolved with 0.5 mW of laser power at a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of approximate to30, with approximate to100 photons detected from each molecule. Conclusions: A compact, low-power, high-sensitivity system detects DNA fragments as small as 125 bp or individual B-PE molecules in a flowing liquid stream. Demonstrated linearity, sensitivity, and resolution indicate that <1.0 mW of laser power is optimal, permitting further miniaturization of the system and additional cost reduction. Comprehensive analytical software exploits the standard cytometric paradigm of multiple 2D graphs and gating to extract features from classes of individually analyzed biomolecules. This complete system is thus poised to engage high-sensitivity applications not amenable to conventional flow cytometric instrumentation. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Habbersett, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM robb@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01315] NR 39 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD AUG PY 2004 VL 60A IS 2 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20042 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 845BX UT WOS:000223211800002 PM 15290713 ER PT J AU Burma, S Chen, DJ AF Burma, S Chen, DJ TI Role of DNA-PK in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Review DE DNA-dependent protein kinase; DNA double-strand breaks; non-homologous end joining; phosphorylation; telomere maintenance; apoptosis; innate immunity ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; IN-VIVO; V(D)J RECOMBINATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; INNATE IMMUNITY; TELOMERE LENGTH; CYCLE ARREST; LIGASE-IV; ENHANCED PHOSPHORYLATION AB The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a critical role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and in V(D)J recombination. DNA-PK also plays a very important role in triggering apoptosis in response to severe DNA damage or critically shortened telomeres. Paradoxically, components of the DNA-PK complex are present at the mammalian telomere where they function in capping chromosome ends to prevent them from being mistaken for double-strand breaks. In addition, DNA-PK appears to be involved in mounting an innate immune response to bacterial DNA and to viral infection. As DNA-PK localizes very rapidly to DNA breaks and phosphorylates itself and other damage-responsive proteins, it appears that DNA-PK serves as both a sensor and a transducer of DNA-damage signals. The many roles of DNA-PK in the mammalian cell are discussed in this review with particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the phosphorylation events that take place during the activation of DNA-PK at DNA breaks. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM djchen@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50519, CA86936, CA92584] NR 98 TC 144 Z9 165 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 3 IS 8-9 BP 909 EP 918 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.03.021 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 850YQ UT WOS:000223650700014 PM 15279776 ER PT J AU Dhar, MS Hauser, LJ Nicholls, RD Johnson, DK AF Dhar, MS Hauser, LJ Nicholls, RD Johnson, DK TI Physical mapping of the pink-eyed dilution complex in mouse chromosome 7 shows that Atp10c is the only transcript between Gabrb3 and Ube3a SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE mouse chromosome 7; ATPase; obesity; adiposity; lipid metabolism; genomic sequence ID AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID RECEPTOR; PRADER-WILLI; BODY-FAT; P LOCUS; MOUSE; MICE; PHENOTYPES; AMPHIPATH; MUTATIONS; DELETION AB Phenotypic analyses of a set of homozygous-lethal deletion mutants at the pink-eyed dilution (p) locus has resulted in the identification of p-linked obesity locus 1 (plo 1), distal to the p locus, as a locus involved in the modulation of body fat and/or affecting lipid metabolism in these mice. The plo I region maps to mouse chromosome 7 (MMU 7) between two genes, Gabrb3 and Ube3a, which have been used as anchor points to generate an integrated deletion and physical map of plo 1 that encompasses about 1.2-1.3 Mb. A deletion/physical map was constructed and the genomic DNA between the two loci was sequenced to identify genes mapping to this region. Data show that Atp10c, a novel type IV ATPase a putative phospholipid transporter, is the only coding unit in this region of the chromosome. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Neurobiol & Behav, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dhar, MS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, 318 Jessie Harris Bldg,1215 Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mdhar@utk.edu RI Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK53393-01] NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 306 EP 309 DI 10.1080/10425170412331279855 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 867SI UT WOS:000224862100011 PM 15620220 ER PT J AU Zangar, RC Varnum, SM Daly, DS White, AM Bollinger, N Covington, CY Wiley, HS Thrall, BD AF Zangar, RC Varnum, SM Daly, DS White, AM Bollinger, N Covington, CY Wiley, HS Thrall, BD TI Use of antibody microarrays in biomarker and target protein discovery SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 62 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200063 ER PT J AU Sandhu, P Vogel, JS Rose, MJ Ubick, EA Brunner, JE Wallace, MA Adelsberger, JK Baker, MP Henderson, PT Pearson, PG Baillie, TA AF Sandhu, P Vogel, JS Rose, MJ Ubick, EA Brunner, JE Wallace, MA Adelsberger, JK Baker, MP Henderson, PT Pearson, PG Baillie, TA TI Evaluation of microdosing strategies for studies in preclinical drug development: Demonstration of linear pharmacokinetics in dogs of a nucleoside analogue over a 50-fold dose range SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Merck Res Labs, Dept Drug Metab, W Point, PA 19486 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 208 BP 104 EP 104 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200206 ER PT J AU Poet, TS English, JC Corley, RA AF Poet, TS English, JC Corley, RA TI A nested approach and mathematical modeling to determine sequential metabolism: Hydroquinone as an example SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 347 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200345 ER PT J AU Poet, TS Lewis, SA Francis, B Corley, RA AF Poet, TS Lewis, SA Francis, B Corley, RA TI Mathematical model evaluation of in vitro metabolic rate constants: Examples using a glycol ether and propyl acetate SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Amer Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 411 BP 205 EP 205 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200408 ER PT J AU Timchalk, C Yantasee, W Weitz, K Moore, D Poet, T Woodstock, A Lin, YH AF Timchalk, C Yantasee, W Weitz, K Moore, D Poet, T Woodstock, A Lin, YH TI Optimization of microfluidic/electrochemical analysis in rats for biomonitoring of lead exposure using saliva SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 509 BP 254 EP 254 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200505 ER PT J AU Kousba, A Poet, TS Zangar, RC Timchalk, C AF Kousba, A Poet, TS Zangar, RC Timchalk, C TI In vitro interactions between organophosporous pesticides and consequences of pre-treatment with nicotine and alcohol on in vitro pesticide metabolism in rats SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th European ISSX Meeting CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2004 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 SU 1 MA 536 BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 856DF UT WOS:000224023200532 ER PT J AU Hanson, PJ Amthor, JS Wullschleger, SD Wilson, KB Grant, RF Hartley, A Hui, D Hunt, ER Johnson, DW Kimball, JS King, AW Luo, Y McNulty, SG Sun, G Thornton, PE Wang, S Williams, M Baldocchi, DD Cushman, RM AF Hanson, PJ Amthor, JS Wullschleger, SD Wilson, KB Grant, RF Hartley, A Hui, D Hunt, ER Johnson, DW Kimball, JS King, AW Luo, Y McNulty, SG Sun, G Thornton, PE Wang, S Williams, M Baldocchi, DD Cushman, RM TI Oak forest carbon and water simulations: Model intercomparisons and evaluations against independent data SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE autotrophic respiration; carbon budget; computer models; evaporation; evapotranspiration; NEE; NPP; transpiration; water budget ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES AB Models represent our primary method for integration of small-scale, process-level phenomena into a comprehensive description of forest-stand or ecosystem function. They also represent a key method for testing hypotheses about the response of forest ecosystems to multiple changing environmental conditions. This paper describes the evaluation of 13 stand-level models varying in their spatial, mechanistic, and temporal complexity for their ability to capture intra- and interannual components of the water and carbon cycle for an upland, oak-dominated forest of eastern Tennessee. Comparisons between model simulations and observations were conducted for hourly, daily, and annual time steps. Data for the comparisons were obtained from a wide range of methods including: eddy covariance, sapflow, chamber-based soil respiration, biometric estimates of stand-level net primary production and growth, and soil water content by time or frequency domain reflectometry. Response surfaces of carbon and water flux as a function of environmental drivers, and a variety of goodness-of-fit statistics (bias, absolute bias, and model efficiency) were used to judge model performance. A single model did not consistently perform the best at all time steps or for all variables considered. Intermodel comparisons showed good agreement for water cycle fluxes, but considerable disagreement among models for predicted carbon fluxes. The mean of all model outputs, however, was nearly always the best fit to the observations. Not surprisingly, models missing key forest components or processes, such as roots or modeled soil water content, were unable to provide accurate predictions of ecosystem responses to short-term drought phenomenon. Nevertheless, an inability to correctly capture short-term physiological processes under drought was not necessarily an indicator of poor annual water and carbon budget simulations. This is possible because droughts in the subject ecosystem were of short duration and therefore had a small cumulative impact. Models using hourly time steps and detailed mechanistic processes, and having a realistic spatial representation of the forest ecosystem provided the best predictions of observed data. Predictive ability of all models deteriorated under drought conditions, suggesting that further work is needed to evaluate and improve ecosystem model performance under unusual conditions, such as drought, that are a common focus of environmental change discussions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37840 USA. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Florida Int Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Polson, MT 59860 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, Dept Environm Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hanson, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hansonjp@ornl.gov RI Hui, Dafeng/A-2476-2008; Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Williams, Mathew/G-6140-2016; Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016; OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Williams, Mathew/0000-0001-6117-5208; Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100; Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231; Hui, Dafeng/0000-0002-5284-2897; Wang, Shusen/0000-0003-1860-899X NR 160 TC 153 Z9 160 U1 4 U2 54 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 74 IS 3 BP 443 EP 489 DI 10.1890/03-4049 PG 47 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 848GM UT WOS:000223455600004 ER PT J AU Patoux, S Doeff, MM AF Patoux, S Doeff, MM TI Direct synthesis of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from nitrate precursors SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides; layered cathodes ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; INSERTION MATERIAL; CATHODE MATERIALS; ELECTRODES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; OXIDES AB Two novel methods for synthesis of the title compound directly from metal nitrates are described. Phase-pure materials are produced when precursors are calcined between 600 and 1000 degreesC, with little to no ion mixing exhibited for products heated to 900 degreesC or above. The electrochemical characteristics of these materials depended upon calcination temperature and synthesis method, with results comparable to a commercial sample for the materials made at high temperatures in a one-step process without combustion. The sample prepared by combustion also exhibited very stable capacity retention upon cycling. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 25 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 8 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 8 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.05.024 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 840XX UT WOS:000222894600006 ER PT J AU Henninger, RH Witte, MJ Crawley, DB AF Henninger, RH Witte, MJ Crawley, DB TI Analytical and comparative testing of EnergyPlus using lEA HVAC BESTEST E100-E200 test suite SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the International-Building-Performance-Simulation-Association CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP Int Building Performance Simulation Assoc DE EnergyPlus; energy simulation; software validation; HVAC system AB The EnergyPlus building energy simulation software has been tested using the IEA HVAC BESTEST E100-E200 series of tests. The volume 1 final report for the International Energy Agency (IEA) solar heating and cooling programme task 22 building energy simulation test and diagnostic method for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning equipment models (HVAC BESTEST) was recently published in January 2002. HVAC BESTEST is a series of steady-state tests for a single-zone DX cooling system. Cases range from dry to wet coil, low to high part load, and low to high temperatures. This published test suite includes three sets of analytical solutions and results from several other simulation programs for comparison. This test suite was initially used to test EnergyPlus beginning with beta versions prior to its official public release, and it is also applied as an ongoing quality assurance test. The application of these tests proved to be very useful in several ways: revealed input model shortcomings, which resulted in new user inputs being added; revealed reporting errors which were fixed;. revealed algorithmic errors which were fixed; revealed algorithmic shortcomings which were improved or eliminated through the use of more rigorous calculations for certain components; in later versions, caught newly introduced bugs before public release of updates. Overall, the application of this test suite has been extremely useful in debugging and verifying the DX cooling algorithms in EnergyPlus. This paper summarizes the difficulties encountered and the benefits gained in applying the tests. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 GARD Analyt Inc, Park Ridge, IL 60068 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Henninger, RH (reprint author), GARD Analyt Inc, 1028 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068 USA. EM rhenninger@gard.com NR 3 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 8 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.025 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 842VV UT WOS:000223033400013 ER PT J AU Rau, GH AF Rau, GH TI Possible use of Fe/CO2 fuel cells for CO2 mitigation plus H-2 and electricity production SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fe; CO2; iron; carbon dioxide; carbonic acid; fuel cell; hydrogen; electricity; iron carbonate; siderite; iron bicarbonate; CO2; sequestration; gasification; steam reforming ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; OCEAN FERTILIZATION; DISSOLUTION; ENERGY AB The continuous oxidation of scrap iron in the presence of a constant CO2-rich waste gas stream and water is evaluated as a means of sequestering anthropogenic CO2 as well as generating hydrogen gas and electricity. The stoichiometry of the net reaction, Fe-0 + CO2 + H2O --> FeCO3 + H-2, and assumptions about reaction rates, reactant and product prices/values and overhead costs suggest that CO2 might be mitigated at a net profit in excess of $30/tonne CO2. The principle profit center of the process would be hydrogen production, alone providing a gross income of >$160/tonne CO2 reacted. However, the realization of such fuel cell economics depends on a number of parameters including: (1) the rate at which the reaction can be sustained, (2) the areal and volumetric density with which H-2 and electricity can be produced, (3) the purity of the H-2 produced, (4) the transportation costs of the reactants (Fe, CO2 and H2O) and products (FeCO3 or Fe(HCO3)(2)) to/from the cells and (5) the cost/benefit trade-offs of optimizing the preceding variables in a given market and regulatory environment. Because of the carbon intensity of conventional iron metal production, a net carbon sequestration benefit for the process can be realized only when waste (rather than new) iron and steel are used as electrodes and/or when Fe(HCO3)(2) is the end product. The used electrolyte could also provide a free source of Fe2+ ions for enhancing iron-limited marine photosynthesis and, thus, greatly increasing the CO2 sequestration potential of the process. Alternatively, the reaction of naturally occurring iron oxides (iron ore) with CO2 can be considered for FeCO3 formation and sequestration, but this foregoes the benefits of hydrogen and electricity production. Use of Fe/CO2 fuel cells would appear to be particularly relevant for fossil fuel gasification/steam reforming systems given the highly concentrated CO2 they generate and given the existing infrastructure they provide for producing and handling H2 and/or electricity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Atmospher Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Rau, GH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Atmospher Sci Div, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rau4@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 45 IS 13-14 BP 2143 EP 2152 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2003.10.008 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 823DT UT WOS:000221590600013 ER PT J AU Ball, C Brazma, A Causton, H Chervitz, S Edgar, R Hingamp, P Matese, JC Parkinson, H Quackenbush, J Ringwald, M Sansone, SA Sherlock, G Spellman, P Stoeckert, C Tateno, Y Taylor, R White, J Winegarden, N AF Ball, C Brazma, A Causton, H Chervitz, S Edgar, R Hingamp, P Matese, JC Parkinson, H Quackenbush, J Ringwald, M Sansone, SA Sherlock, G Spellman, P Stoeckert, C Tateno, Y Taylor, R White, J Winegarden, N CA MGED Soc TI Microarray data standards: An open letter SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID GENE-EXPRESSION; INFORMATION; REPOSITORY C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EMBL European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, MRC Clin Sci Ctr, London, England. Affymetrix Inc, Emeryville, CA USA. Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD USA. INSERM, ERM 206, Marseille, France. Princeton Univ, Carl Icahn Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. DNA Data Bank Japan, Shizuoka, Japan. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Taylor, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, POB 999,MS K1-92, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Sherlock, Gavin/B-1831-2009; Sherlock, Gavin/E-9110-2012 NR 7 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 112 IS 12 BP A666 EP A667 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 849GM UT WOS:000223526700004 PM 15345376 ER PT J AU Jackson, BP Winger, PV Lasier, PJ AF Jackson, BP Winger, PV Lasier, PJ TI Atmospheric lead deposition to Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Pb isotope ratios; lake sediment ID ISOTOPE RATIO MEASUREMENTS; DYNAMIC REACTION CELL; PEAT BOG; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; ENRICHMENT FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; TRACE-METALS; POLLUTION; RECORD; PB AB Contamination of the environment from atmospheric deposition during the twentieth century is pervasive even in areas ostensibly considered pristine or remote from point sources. In this study, Pb concentrations in a Pb-210-dated peat core collected from the Okefenokee Swamp, GA were used to assess historical contaminant input via atmospheric deposition. Lead isotope ratios were determined by dynamic reaction cell ICP-MS (DRC-ICP-MS). Increases in Pb concentration occurred in the late nineteenth century and a marked rise in Pb concentrations pre-dated the widespread use of leaded gasoline within the US. The Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios of 1.19 during this period were consistent with coal combustion emissions. A later increase in Pb concentration, concurrent with a trend toward more radiogenic Pb-206/Pb-207 ratios in gasoline is consistent with an increased input of Pb from leaded gasoline emissions. However, it appears that coal combustion emissions remain a major source of Pb to the Okefenokee. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jackson, BP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM jackson@srel.edu NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 3 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.12.019 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 831YV UT WOS:000222233700013 PM 15182975 ER PT J AU Roe, JH Hopkins, WA Baionno, JA Staub, BP Rowe, CL Jackson, BP AF Roe, JH Hopkins, WA Baionno, JA Staub, BP Rowe, CL Jackson, BP TI Maternal transfer of selenium in Alligator mississippiensis nesting downstream from a coal-burning power plant SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alligator mississippiensis; chorioallantoic membrane; crocodylia; maternal transfer; selenium ID CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANES; AMERICAN ALLIGATOR; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; ASH DEPOSITION; CROCODILE EGGS; CONTAMINANTS; FLORIDA; MERCURY AB Selenium (Se) is embryotoxic in many oviparous vertebrates, but little is known about maternal transfer of Se and its impact in reptiles. Over a four-year period, we collected three clutches of eggs of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) from a single nest at a site contaminated with Se and compared egg and hatchling Se concentrations and clutch viability from this nest to nests downstream from the contaminated site (two clutches from two nests) and at a reference site (two clutches from two nests). Eggs and hatchlings from the nest at the Se-contaminated site and downstream nests had elevated Se concentrations (2.1-7.8 ppm) and lower viability (30-54%) compared to reference nests (1.4-2.3 ppm and 67-74% viability), but Se concentrations did not exceed reproductive toxicity thresholds established for other oviparous vertebrates. Selenium concentrations were higher in chorioallantoic membranes of eggs from Se-contaminated sites, suggesting that this tissue may be useful as a nondestructive index of Se exposure for embryos of A. mississippiensis. Examination of these data suggests that further studies on uptake, accumulation, and reproductive success of crocodilian embryos exposed to excessive Se are warranted. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM hopkins@srel.edu RI Rowe, Christopher/D-5271-2012 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 18 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1969 EP 1972 DI 10.1897/03-520 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 838VC UT WOS:000222740400020 PM 15352486 ER PT J AU Reynen, K Koeckeritz, U Kropp, J Wunderlich, G Kotzerke, J Knapp, F Strasser, RH AF Reynen, K Koeckeritz, U Kropp, J Wunderlich, G Kotzerke, J Knapp, F Strasser, RH TI Intracoronary radiotherapy with a 188rhenium liquid-filled PTCA balloon system in in-stent restenosis: a single-centre, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind evaluation SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT ESC Congress 2004 CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY SP ESC C1 Univ Dresden, Ctr Heart, Dept Internal Med Cardiol, Dresden, Germany. Univ Dresden, Clin Nucl Med, Dresden, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 25 SU S BP 521 EP 521 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 856PG UT WOS:000224056502085 ER PT J AU Chen, SL Wang, WD Chen, YC Knapp, FF AF Chen, SL Wang, WD Chen, YC Knapp, FF TI Generator elution and concentration of rhenium-188 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine CY SEP 04-08, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP European Assoc Nucl Med C1 Fudan Univ, Zhongshan Hosp, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 SU 2 BP S486 EP S486 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 847UG UT WOS:000223419901433 ER PT J AU Knapp, FF Mirzadeh, S Beets, AL Du, M Garland, M AF Knapp, FF Mirzadeh, S Beets, AL Du, M Garland, M TI Reactor production of high specific activity lutetium-177 (Lu-177) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine CY SEP 04-08, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP European Assoc Nucl Med C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Nucl Med Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 SU 2 BP S387 EP S387 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 847UG UT WOS:000223419900912 ER PT J AU Norenberg, JP Nayak, TK Stabin, MG Atcher, RW AF Norenberg, JP Nayak, TK Stabin, MG Atcher, RW TI A comparison of high- versus low-linear energy transfer somatostatin receptor targeted radionuclide therapy in vitro. SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine CY SEP 04-08, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP European Assoc Nucl Med C1 Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Nashville, TN USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 SU 2 BP S470 EP S470 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 847UG UT WOS:000223419901354 ER PT J AU Srivastava, S Awasthi, V Meinken, G Springer, K Freimuth, P AF Srivastava, S Awasthi, V Meinken, G Springer, K Freimuth, P TI Novel radiolabeled ligands based on adenoviral sub-unit proteins for molecular imaging and therapeutic applications in oncology SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine CY SEP 04-08, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP European Assoc Nucl Med C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 SU 2 BP S276 EP S276 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 847UG UT WOS:000223419900352 ER PT J AU Srivastava, SC Toporov, YG Karelin, EA Vakhetov, FZ Andreev, OI Tshelishev, IV Popov, YS AF Srivastava, SC Toporov, YG Karelin, EA Vakhetov, FZ Andreev, OI Tshelishev, IV Popov, YS TI Optimization of the reactor production of high-specific activity tin-117m for bone pain treatment and bone cancer therapy SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Congress of the European-Association-of-Nuclear-Medicine CY SEP 04-08, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP European Assoc Nucl Med C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Res Inst Atom Reactors, FSUE State Sci Ctr, Dimitrovgrad, Russia. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1619-7070 J9 EUR J NUCL MED MOL I JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 SU 2 BP S481 EP S481 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 847UG UT WOS:000223419901407 ER PT J AU Kidonakis, N Vogt, R AF Kidonakis, N Vogt, R TI Threshold corrections in bottom and charm quark hadroproduction at next-to-next-to-leading order SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GEV/C-PI; BEAUTY PRODUCTION; MESON PRODUCTION; CU INTERACTIONS; DEPENDENCE; COLLISIONS; QCD; RESUMMATION AB We calculate threshold soft-gluon corrections to total cross sections and transverse momentum distributions for bottom and charm quark production in fixed target experiments, considering both pp and pi(-)p interactions. We investigate the quality of the near-threshold soft-gluon approximation at next-to-leading order (NLO) and calculate next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) corrections through next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNNLL) accuracy, including some virtual terms. We find that the NNLO threshold corrections reduce the factorization and renormalization scale dependence of the cross sections. C1 Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kidonakis, N (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RI Mangano, Salvatore/L-1752-2014 OI Mangano, Salvatore/0000-0001-5872-1191 NR 36 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2004-01894-1 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 842QY UT WOS:000223020300006 ER PT J AU Terao, K Mays, JW AF Terao, K Mays, JW TI On-line measurement of molecular weight and radius of gyration of polystyrene in a good solvent and in a theta solvent measured with a two-angle light scattering detector SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE two-angle light scattering; multi-angle light scattering; gel permeation chromatography; radius of gyration; theta solvent ID DILUTE-SOLUTION PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; POLYMERS; TETRAHYDROFURAN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; COILS; SIZE AB On-line two-angle (15 and 90) light scattering measurements with a gel permeation chromatography for linear and branched polystyrene in tetrahydrofuran (a good solvent) and in trans-decalin (a theta solvent) were made and compared with data from a multi-angle light scattering detector and literature values. Theoretically, weight-average molecular weight and the radius of gyration R-g can be determined accurately in the range where R(g)(2)k(2) is less than 1.2 (rod) similar to 1.7 (random coil); here, k is the absolute value of the scattering vector for a right angle detector with the Berry square root method. Molecular weight dependence of the radius of gyration obtained from the two-angle light scattering detector for linear and branched polystyrenes under different thermodynamic conditions were measured and found to be almost the same as values measured with a multi-angle light scattering detector and literature values in the appropriate range of molecular weight. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Gunma Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Kiryu, Gumma 3768515, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Terao, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM terao@bce.gunma-u.ac.jp; jimmymays@utk.edu RI Terao, Ken/B-9143-2008 OI Terao, Ken/0000-0001-7363-4491 NR 17 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1623 EP 1627 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.03.010 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 847HN UT WOS:000223383400005 ER PT J AU Hilgenfeldt, S Kraynik, AM Reinelt, DA Sullivan, JM AF Hilgenfeldt, S Kraynik, AM Reinelt, DA Sullivan, JM TI The structure of foam cells: Isotropic Plateau polyhedra SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONSTANT MEAN-CURVATURE; GRAIN-GROWTH; DYNAMICS; BUBBLES; NUMBER AB A mean-field theory for the geometry and diffusive growth rate of soap bubbles in dry 3D foams is presented. Idealized foam cells called isotropic Plateau polyhedra (IPPs), with F identical spherical-cap faces, are introduced. The geometric properties (e.g., surface area S, curvature R, edge length L, volume V) and growth rate G of the cells are obtained as analytical functions of F, the sole variable. IPPs accurately represent average foam bubble geometry for arbitrary F greater than or equal to 4, even though they are only constructible for F=4,6,12. While R/V-1/3, L/V-1/3 and 9 exhibit F-1/2 behavior, the specific surface area S/V-2/3 is virtually independent of F. The results are contrasted with those for convex isotropic polyhedra with flat faces. C1 Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9114, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Math, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Math, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Tech Univ Berlin, Math Inst, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. RP Hilgenfeldt, S (reprint author), Univ Twente, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM sascha@tn.utwente.nl RI Hilgenfeldt, Sascha/B-7356-2009; Hilgenfeldt, Sascha/A-4593-2014 OI Hilgenfeldt, Sascha/0000-0002-6799-2118 NR 36 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 3 BP 484 EP 490 DI 10.1209/epl/i2003-10295-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 849GF UT WOS:000223526000023 ER PT J AU Dalvit, DAR Lombardo, FC Mazzitelli, FD Onofrio, R AF Dalvit, DAR Lombardo, FC Mazzitelli, FD Onofrio, R TI Casimir force between eccentric cylinders SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MU-M RANGE AB We consider the Casimir interaction between a cylinder and a hollow cylinder, both conducting, with parallel axis and slightly different radii. The Casimir force, which vanishes in the coaxial situation, is evaluated for both small and large eccentricities using the proximity approximation. The cylindrical configuration offers various experimental advantages with respect to the parallel planes or the plane-sphere geometries, leading to favourable conditions for the search of extra-gravitational forces in the micrometer range and for the observation of finite-temperature corrections. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis JJ Giambiagi, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Dalvit, DAR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 7 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 67 IS 4 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10099-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 853KI UT WOS:000223826100002 ER PT J AU Rubio, MA Davalos, AR Campisi, J AF Rubio, MA Davalos, AR Campisi, J TI Telomere length mediates the effects of telomerase on the cellular response to genotoxic stress SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chemotherapy; human fibroblasts; oxidative DNA damage; replicative senescence; stress-induced senescence ID NORMAL HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; INDUCED PREMATURE SENESCENCE; NORMAL HUMAN-CELLS; IONIZING-RADIATION; SHORTENS TELOMERES; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; TUMOR-CELLS; DNA-REPAIR; LIFE-SPAN; CANCER AB Telomerase inhibition may be a novel anti-cancer strategy that can be used in combination with conventional therapies, such as DNA damaging agents. There are conflicting reports as to whether and to what extent telomerase and telomere length influence the sensitivity of cells to genotoxins. To understand the relationship between telomere length, telomerase expression, and sensitivity to genotoxic stress, we expressed the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT, in human fibroblasts having different telomere lengths. We show that telomerase confers resistance to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, hydrogen peroxide, and etoposide only in cells with short, presumably near-dysfunctional, telomeres. This resistance depended on the ability of telomerase to elongate the short telomeres, and telomerase did not protect cells with long telomeres. Interestingly, although long telomeres had no effect on sensitivity to etoposide and bleomycin, they exacerbated sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, supporting the idea that, compared to other types of DNA damage, telomeres are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage. Our findings identify a mechanism and conditions under which telomerase and telomeres affect the response of human cells to genotoxic agents and may have important implications for anti-cancer interventions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcampisi@lbl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG09909, AG17242, AG00266] NR 56 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 298 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.04.004 PG 11 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 838PL UT WOS:000222725200003 PM 15242758 ER PT J AU Bourdon, CJ Olsen, MG Gorby, AD AF Bourdon, CJ Olsen, MG Gorby, AD TI Power-filter technique for modifying depth of correlation in microPIV experiments SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; MOTION; FLOW AB A new image filtering method, termed power-filtering, is proposed for use in microscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) to control the depth of correlation, independent of the image acquisition system, particle size, and flow characteristics. An analytical model of the depth of correlation for the filtered images is developed and verified with a series of careful experiments. This model predicts that the depth of correlation can be increased or decreased by a factor of two by applying power-filter values of 0.63 and 2.0, respectively. Experiments show that the analytical model for the power filtering technique is generally accurate to within the measurement uncertainty. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bourdon, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800,MS 0834, Albuquerque, NM 87145 USA. EM cjbourd@scandia.gov RI Olsen, Michael/B-2118-2010 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD AUG PY 2004 VL 37 IS 2 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s00348-004-0812-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 842OV UT WOS:000223014600013 ER PT J AU van Bodegom, PM Scholten, JCM Stams, AJM AF van Bodegom, PM Scholten, JCM Stams, AJM TI Direct inhibition of methanogenesis by ferric iron SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methane production; ferric iron reduction; iron toxicity; sulphide; aceticlastic methanogens; hydrogenotrophic methanogens ID FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; RICE PADDY SOILS; METHANE PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL PROCESSES; SULFATE REDUCTION; FIELD SOIL; BACTERIA; SEDIMENTS; MINERALIZATION; MICROORGANISMS AB Observed inhibition of methanogenesis under Fe(III)-reducing conditions is usually explained by competition of methanogens and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria for the common Substrates acetate and hydrogen. However, substrate competition alone cannot explain the strong inhibition of methanogenesis during Fe(III)-reduction. We demonstrate direct inhibition of methanogenesis by amorphous Fe(OH)(3) at concentrations between 0 and 10 mM in experiments with pure cultures of inethanogens. The sensitivity toward Fe(III) was higher for Methanospirillum hungatei and Methanosarcina barkeri grown with H-2/CO2 than for Methanosaeta concilii and Methanosarcina barkeri grown with acetate. Cultures of Methanosarcina barkeri grown with H-2/CO2 and methanol demonstrated a capacity for Fe(III) reduction, which suggests that Fe(III)-reduction by methanogens may also contribute to Fe(III) inhibition of methanogenesis. Our results have important implications for kinetic modelling of microbial redox processes in anoxic soils and sediments. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. C1 Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Microbiol Lab, NL-6703 CT Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Lab Theoret Prod Ecol, NL-6700 AK Wageningen, Netherlands. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99532 USA. RP van Bodegom, PM (reprint author), Inst Ecol Sci, Dept Syst Ecol, de Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM peter.van.bodegom@ecology.falw.vu.nl RI van Bodegom, Peter/N-8150-2015; Stams, Alfons/C-8167-2014 OI van Bodegom, Peter/0000-0003-0771-4500; Stams, Alfons/0000-0001-7840-6500 NR 34 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.03.017 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 842UX UT WOS:000223031000009 ER PT J AU Chepanoske, CL Brown, K Turteltaub, KW Dingley, KH AF Chepanoske, CL Brown, K Turteltaub, KW Dingley, KH TI Characterization of a peptide adduct formed by N-acetoxy-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a reactive intermediate of the food carcinogen PhIP SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic amine; PhIP; protein; adduct; structure; mass spectrometry ID 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; COOKED FOODS; EXPOSURE; ALBUMIN; HUMANS; COLON; RAT AB 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a member of a class of compounds known as the heterocyclic amines (HCAs) that are formed in meat during cooking. It is a multi-organ carcinogen in rodents forms adducts and with DNA and protein. Although protein adducts are not thought to be involved in cancer development, they may be useful as internal dosimeters of PhIP exposure and bioactivation. Towards the goals of characterizing the adducts formed in humans and the development of an assay for quantitation of adduct levels, we have characterized a peptide adduct formed by the putative genotoxic metabolite, N-acetoxy-PhIP. A model peptide with the internal sequence Leu-Gin-Lys-Cys-Pro-Tyr, which is homologous to a potential target sequence for HCAs in human serum albumin, was reacted with N-acetoxy-PhIP and an adduct was identified and further characterized by LC-ESI-MS/MS. N-acetoxy-PhIP is covalently bound to the peptide via cysteine and the exocyclic amino group of PhIP. Future work is needed to establish if this adduct is formed and is stable in vivo in humans following exposure to PhIP. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dingley, KH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dingley1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR13461] NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1367 EP 1372 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.012 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 836IP UT WOS:000222549400020 PM 15207388 ER PT J AU Sokhansanj, BA Wilson, DM AF Sokhansanj, BA Wilson, DM TI Oxidative DNA damage background estimated by a system model of base excision repair SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oxidative DNA damage; base excision repair; pathway modeling; simulation; free radicals ID PURIFIED HUMAN PROTEINS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; COMET ASSAY; MITOCHONDRIAL; LESIONS; RECONSTITUTION; GLYCOSYLASES; ENDONUCLEASE; URACIL; SITES AB Human DNA can be damaged by natural metabolism through free radical production. It has been suggested that the equilibrium between innate damage and cellular DNA repair results in an oxidative DNA damage background that potentially contributes to disease and aging. Efforts to quantitatively characterize the human oxidative DNA damage background level, based on measuring 8-oxoguanine lesions as a biomarker, have led to estimates that vary over three to four orders of magnitude, depending on the method of measurement. We applied a previously developed and validated quantitative pathway model of human DNA base excision repair, integrating experimentally determined endogenous damage rates and model parameters from multiple sources. Our estimates of at most 100 8-oxoguanine lesions per cell are consistent with the low end of data from biochemical and cell biology experiments, a result robust to model limitations and parameter variation. Our findings show the power of quantitative system modeling to interpret composite experimental data and make biologically and physiologically relevant predictions for complex human DNA repair pathway mechanisms and capacity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94500 USA. NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Sokhansanj, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94500 USA. EM sokhansanj@llnl.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 3 BP 422 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.05.003 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 838VG UT WOS:000222740800014 PM 15223076 ER PT J AU Britt, PF Buchanan, AC Owens, CV Skeen, JT AF Britt, PF Buchanan, AC Owens, CV Skeen, JT TI Does glucose enhance the formation of nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis of proline? SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Mechanisms of Biomass Pyrolysis and Oxidation CY OCT 28-30, 2002 CL Richmond, VA SP Philip Morris DE nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Amadori compound; proline; pyrolysis ID CURED TOBACCO-LEAVES; HEATING L-PROLINE; GC-MS ANALYSIS; AMINO-ACIDS; AMADORI COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REDUCING SUGARS; PRODUCTS; COAL AB The gas-phase pyrolysis of proline, glucose, 1-[(2'-carboxy)pyrrolidinyl]-1-deoxy-D-fructose (the proline Amadori compound), and a 1:1 mixture by weight of proline and glucose was investigated at high temperatures (600-840 degreesC) and short residence time (i.e. 1.0 s) in an inert atmosphere to determine if glucose or Maillard reaction products enhance the formation of nitrogen containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N-PACs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the pyrolysis of proline. To study the gas-phase formation of N-PACs and PAHs, the substrates were sublimed into the pyrolysis furnace at 460 degreesC. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that glucose, the proline/glucose mixture, and the proline Amadori compound undergo solid-state decomposition reactions before subliming. Thus', the substrates were pyrolyzed in two stages: at 460 degreesC during the sublimation and at 600-840 degreesC. At 800 degreesC with a residence time of 1.0 s, proline produced low yields of N-PACs, such as quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, acridine, and carbazole, and PAHs, such as phenanthrene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzofluoranthene isomers, and benzo[a]pyrene. Increasing the temperature and residence time increased the yield of these products. Under similar pyrolysis conditions, the proline Amadori compound produced 2-8 fold more N-PACs and PAHs than proline. A 1:1 mixture of proline and glucose produced a similar slate of pyrolysis products as the proline Amadori compound, but it is unclear whether the proline Amadori compound was an intermediate in the reaction. In general, the proline Amadori compound produced a higher yield of N-PACs and PAHs than the proline/glucose mixture, but glucose clearly enhances the low temperature gas-phase formation of N-PACs and PAHs from the pyrolysis of proline. For example, a 1:1 mixture of proline and glucose was found to produce low yields of quinoline, isoquinoline, and indole at 600 degreesC while proline alone does not produce these compounds until 800 degreesC. Thus, glucose provides a low temperature pathway for the decomposition of proline, which leads to formation of N-PACs and PAHs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Britt, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Bldg 4500N,C-26,MS 6197,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM brittpf@ornl.gov NR 57 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 11-12 BP 1417 EP 1432 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.02.009 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 831XV UT WOS:000222231000002 ER PT J AU Moens, L Evans, RJ Looker, MJ Nimlos, MR AF Moens, L Evans, RJ Looker, MJ Nimlos, MR TI A comparison of the Maillard reactivity of proline to other amino acids using pyrolysis-molecular beam mass spectrometry SO FUEL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Mechanisms of Biomass Pyrolysis and Oxidation CY OCT 28-30, 2002 CL Richmond, VA SP Philip Morris DE Maillard; mass spectral; volatile product ID ASYMMETRIC ALDOL REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE PYROLYSIS; HEATING L-PROLINE; AMADORI COMPOUNDS; REDUCING SUGARS; MODEL SYSTEMS; PRODUCTS; BIOMASS; COMBUSTION; GASIFICATION AB Maillard chemistry, or the low temperature condensation of amino acids and carbohydrates, is shown to be relevant to the practical regime of biomass pyrolysis and leads to dramatic changes in low-temperature volatile products and residual solid structure. Mixtures of amino acids and glucose were subjected to a two-temperature heating sequence (5 min each at 170 and 325 degreesC) and the volatile products analyzed by molecular beam mass spectrometry. Significant volatile yield was observed from the mixtures at 170 degreesC where neither amino acids nor glucose generated volatile material in the time frame studied. Proline was the most active of the amino acid studied. Volatile products at low temperature included the diketopiperazine, which were generated in higher yields than from proline alone. Also generated were Maillard condensation such as 1-(1'-pyrrolidinyl)-2-propanone. These products were also generated at 325 degreesC, but in addition, the mass spectra included evidence for the direct formation of nitrogen-containing aromatics. These observations are discussed in relation to known Maillard chemistry. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nimlos, MR (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Mark_Nimlos@nrel.gov NR 37 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD AUG PY 2004 VL 83 IS 11-12 BP 1433 EP 1443 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.01.020 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 831XV UT WOS:000222231000003 ER PT J AU Jaeger, J Blagov, M Kosman, D Kozlov, KN Manu Myasnikova, E Surkova, S Vanario-Alonso, CE Samsonova, M Sharp, DH Reinitz, J AF Jaeger, J Blagov, M Kosman, D Kozlov, KN Manu Myasnikova, E Surkova, S Vanario-Alonso, CE Samsonova, M Sharp, DH Reinitz, J TI Dynamical analysis of regulatory interactions in the gap gene system of Drosophila melanogaster SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PAIR-RULE STRIPES; SEGMENTATION GENES; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; KRUPPEL GENE; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; POSITIONAL INFORMATION; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; HEAD DEVELOPMENT; MITOTIC-CYCLES; POLE REGION AB Genetic studies have revealed that segment determination in Drosophila melanogaster is based on hierarchical regulatory interactions among maternal coordinate and zygotic segmentation genes. The gap gene system constitutes the most upstream zygotic layer of this regulatory hierarchy, responsible for the initial interpretation of positional information encoded by maternal gradients. We present a detailed analysis of regulatory interactions involved in gap gene regulation based on gap gene circuits, which are mathematical gene network models used to infer regulatory interactions from quantitative gene expression data. Our models reproduce gap gene expression at high accuracy and temporal resolution. Regulatory interactions found in gap gene circuits provide consistent and sufficient mechanisms for gap gene expression, which largely agree with mechanisms previously inferred from qualitative studies of mutant gene expression patterns. Our models predict activation of Kr by Cad and clarify several other regulatory interactions. Our analysis suggests a central role for repressive feedback loops between complementary gap genes. We observe that repressive interactions among overlapping gap genes show anteroposterior asymmetry with posterior dominance. Finally, our models suggest a correlation between timing of gap domain boundary formation and regulatory contributions from the terminal maternal system. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Dev Genet, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, Ctr Adv Studies, Dept Computat Biol, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reinitz, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM reinitz@odd.bio.sunvsb.edu RI Kozlov, Konstantin/N-6748-2013; OI Kozlov, Konstantin/0000-0001-6765-236X; Jaeger, Johannes/0000-0002-2568-2103 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW01147]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR07801] NR 81 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 11 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 167 IS 4 BP 1721 EP 1737 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.027334 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 851XR UT WOS:000223720300017 PM 15342511 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Fouke, BW Bonheyo, GT Peacock, AD White, DC Huang, YS Romanek, CS AF Zhang, CL Fouke, BW Bonheyo, GT Peacock, AD White, DC Huang, YS Romanek, CS TI Lipid biomarkers and carbon-isotopes of modern travertine deposits (Yellowstone National Park, USA): Implications for biogeochemical dynamics in hot-spring systems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Microbial Geochemistry held at the 2002 Fall Meeting of the AGU CY 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP AGU DE phospholipid fatty acids; glycolipid fatty acids; lipid biomarkers; stable carbon isotopes; Aquificales; cyanobacteria; green sulfur bacteria; green non-sulfur bacteria; Angel Terrace; Mammoth Hot Springs; Yellowstone National Park ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; HYDROGEN-OXIDIZING BACTERIUM; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; AUTOTROPHIC CO2 FIXATION; RUBER GEN. NOV.; MICROBIAL MATS; CYANOBACTERIAL MAT; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; 3-HYDROXYPROPIONATE CYCLE; CHLOROFLEXUS-AURANTIACUS AB Lipid biomarkers and C-13 fractionation patterns were used to understand the dynamics of carbon cycling during microbial metabolisms in different environments of travertine precipitation (called facies) at Spring AT-1 on Angel Terrace in the Mammoth Hot Springs complex of Yellowstone National Park, USA. Microbial mats that encrust travertine deposits were collected for analyses of lipid biomarkers and carbon isotopes along the continuous drainage outflow system of Spring AT-1. The spring water exhibits a continuous temperature drop from 71degreesC in the vent at top to 24degreesC in the distal slope at bottom. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and glycolipid fatty acids (GLFA) exhibit distinctly different compositions in each of the facies, which are consistent with partitioning of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in the Spring AT-1 travertine facies (Fouke et al., 2003). The delta(13)C composition of total biomass within the microbial mats decreases from -16.1parts per thousand in the vent to -23.5parts per thousand in the distal slope. However, lower values occur in the pond (-26.0parts per thousand) and the proximal slope (-28.0parts per thousand) between the vent and the distal slope. Isotopic compositions of PLFA and GLFA have variations similar to those of total biomass. The average delta(13)C values of PLFA are -12.4 +/- 5.2parts per thousand (n = 10 individual fatty acids, same below) in the vent, -33.0 +/- 3.1parts per thousand (n = 11) in the pond, -33.7 +/- 3.8parts per thousand (n = 16) in the proximal slope, and -22.4 +/- 3.4parts per thousand (n = 10) in the distal slope; the average delta(13)C values of GLFA are -19.6 +/- 3.0parts per thousand (n = 3) in the vent, -30.4 +/- 4.7parts per thousand (n = 8) in the pond, -36.9 +/- 2.8parts per thousand (n = 12) in the proximal slope, and -27.9 +/- 3.1parts per thousand (n = 13) in the distal slope. In particular, fatty acids in the vent are enriched in C-13 relative to the total biomass, which is consistent with the notion that the biosynthetic pathways of the extant microbial community in the vent may be dominated by Aquificales using the reversed tricarboxylic acid cycle. Fractionations between fatty acids and total biomass in the pond, the proximal slope and the distal slope suggest the involvement of other biosynthetic pathways for CO2 fixation by extant microbial populations. The results indicate that lipid biomarkers provide valuable information on the changing diversity and activity of microbial communities in different depositional environments. Carbon-isotope fractionations, on the other hand, can provide insight into the operating biosynthetic pathways associated with different organisms in the changing environment. This integrated approach may serve as a powerful tool for identifying functional metabolism within a community and identify shifts in microbial community structure in modem hot-spring systems. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM zhang@srel.edu NR 87 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 15 BP 3157 EP 3169 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.005 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 841DQ UT WOS:000222909900003 ER PT J AU Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Kennedy, DW Kukkadapu, RK McKinley, JP Heald, SM Liu, CX Plymale, AE AF Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Kennedy, DW Kukkadapu, RK McKinley, JP Heald, SM Liu, CX Plymale, AE TI Reduction of TcO4- by sediment-associated biogenic Fe(II) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Microbial Geochemistry held at the 2002 Fall Meeting of the AGU CY 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP AGU ID METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; HYDROUS FERRIC-OXIDE; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; MANGANESE OXIDES; FERROUS IRON; TECHNETIUM; GOETHITE AB The potential for reduction of (TcO4(aq)-)-Tc-99 to poorly soluble (TcO2)-Tc-99 . nH(2)O((s)) by biogenic sediment-associated Fe(II) was investigated with three Fe(III)-oxide containing subsurface materials and the dissimilatory metal-reducing subsurface bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. Two of the subsurface materials from the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford and Oak Ridge sites contained significant amounts of Mn(III,IV) oxides and net bioreduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) was not observed until essentially all of the hydroxylamine HCl-extractable Mn was reduced. In anoxic, unreduced sediment or where Mn oxide bioreduction was incomplete, exogenous biogenic TcO2 . nH(2)O((s)) was slowly oxidized over a period of weeks. Subsurface materials that were bioreduced to varying degrees and then pasteurized to eliminate biological activity, reduced TcO4(aq)- at rates that generally increased with increasing concentrations of 0.5 N HCl-extractable Fe(II). Two of the sediments showed a common relationship between extractable Fe(II) concentration (in mM) and the first-order reduction rate (in h(-1)), whereas the third demonstrated a markedly different trend. A combination of chemical extractions and 57 Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy were used to characterize the Fe(III) and Fe(II) phases. There was little evidence of the formation of secondary Fe(II) biominerals as a result of bioreduction, suggesting that the reactive forms of Fe(II) were predominantly surface complexes of different forms. The reduction rates of Tc(VII)O-4(-) were slowest in the sediment that contained plentiful layer silicates (illite, vermiculite, and smectite), suggesting that Fe(II) sorption complexes on these phases were least reactive toward pertechnetate. These results suggest that the in situ microbial reduction of sediment-associated Fe(III), either naturally or via redox manipulation, may be effective at immobilizing TcO4-(aq) associated with groundwater contaminant plumes. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; OI Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 52 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 8 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 15 BP 3171 EP 3187 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.10.024 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 841DQ UT WOS:000222909900004 ER PT J AU Ward, JA Slater, GF Moser, DP Lin, LH Lacrampe-Couloume, G Bonin, AS Davidson, M Hall, JA Mislowack, B Bellamy, RES Onstott, TC Lollar, BS AF Ward, JA Slater, GF Moser, DP Lin, LH Lacrampe-Couloume, G Bonin, AS Davidson, M Hall, JA Mislowack, B Bellamy, RES Onstott, TC Lollar, BS TI Microbial hydrocarbon gases in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: Implications for the deep biosphere SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Microbial Geochemistry held at the 2002 Fall Meeting of the AGU CY 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP AGU ID CARBON ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; ZAMBALES OPHIOLITE; METHANE FORMATION; NATURAL GASES; GOLD-MINES; HYDROGEN; REDUCTION; ORIGIN; SERPENTINIZATION AB In this study, compositions and delta(13)C and delta(2)H isotopic values of hydrocarbon gases from 5 mines in the Witwatersrand basin, South Africa, support the widespread occurrence of microbially produced methane in millions of years-old fissure waters. The presence of microbial methane is, to a large extent, controlled by the geologic formations in which the gases are found. Samples from the Witwatersand Supergroup have the largest microbial component based on delta(13)C and delta(2)H signatures and CH4/C-2+ values. Based on mixing between a microbial CH, component and a more C-13-enriched and H-2-depleted C-2+-rich end member, conservative estimates of the % contribution of microbial CH4 to the gas samples range from >90% microbial CH4 at Beatrix, Masimong, and Merriespruit, to between 5 and 80% microbial CH4 at Evander, and <18% microbial CH4 at Kloof. The Witwatersrand basin's history of thermal alteration of organic-rich ancient sedimentary units suggests a thermogenic origin for this C-13-enriched end member. Alternatively, the potential for an abiogenic origin similar to hydrocarbon gases produced by water-rock interaction at other Precambrian Shield mines is discussed. Microbial methane is predominantly found in paleo-meteoric fissure waters with delta(18)O and delta(2)H values that fall on the meteoric waterline, and have temperatures between 30 to 40degreesC. In contrast, fissure waters with a larger component of nonmicrobial hydrocarbon gases show a trend towards more enriched delta(18)O and delta(2)H values that fall well above the meteoric waterline, and temperatures of 45 to 60degreesC. The enrichment in O-18 and H-2 in these samples, and their high salinity, are similar to the isotopic and compositional characteristics of saline groundwaters and brines produced by water-rock interaction at Precambrian Shield sites elsewhere. The reported 100 Ma ages of fissure waters from the Witwatersrand and Ventersdorp, formations suggest that these microbial hydrocarbon gases are the product of in situ methanogenic communities in the deep subsurface of the Witswaterand basin. Small subunit ribosomal RNA genes were amplified using archaeal-specific primer sets from DNA extracts derived from several of these waters. Fissure waters with a high proportion of microbial methane also contained sequences resembling those of known methanogens. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Stable Isotope Lab, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Dept Geol, ZA-9460 Welkom, South Africa. RP Lollar, BS (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. EM bslollar@chem.utoronto.ca RI Lin, Li-Hung/K-8091-2012; Slater, Greg/B-5163-2013; OI Slater, Greg/0000-0001-7418-7566; Lin, Li-Hung/0000-0002-0985-1464 NR 80 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 15 BP 3239 EP 3250 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.02.020 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 841DQ UT WOS:000222909900009 ER PT J AU Li, YL Vali, H Sears, SK Yang, J Deng, BL Zhang, CL AF Li, YL Vali, H Sears, SK Yang, J Deng, BL Zhang, CL TI Iron reduction and alteration of nontronite NAu-2 by a sulfate-reducing bacterium SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Microbial Geochemistry held at the 2002 Fall Meeting of the AGU CY 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP AGU ID CLAY-MINERALS; SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENTS; STRUCTURAL FE(III); MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; PYRITE FORMATION; BASALTIC GLASS; SMECTITE; SULFUR; DISSOLUTION; SEDIMENTS AB Iron-rich clay minerals are abundant in the natural environment and are an important source of iron for microbial metabolism. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism(s) of enhanced reduction of Fe(III) in iron-rich 2:1 clay minerals under sulfate-reducing conditions. In particular, biogenic reduction of structural Fe(III) in nontronite NAu-2, an Fe-rich smectite-group mineral, was studied using a Desulfovibrio spp. strain G-11 with or without amended sulfate. The microbial production of Fe(II) from NAu-2 is about 10% of total structural Fe(III) (30 mM) when Fe(III) is available as the sole electron acceptor. The measured production of Fe(II), however, can reach 29% of the total structural Fe(III) during sulfate reduction by G-11 when sulfate (50 mM) is concurrently added with NAu-2. In contrast, abiotic production of Fe(II) from the reaction of NAu-2 with Na2S (50 mM) is only ca. 7.5% of the total structural Fe(III). The enhanced reduction of structural Fe(III) by G-11, particularly in the presence of sulfate, is closely related to the growth rate and metabolic activities of the bacteria. Analyses by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy reveal significant changes in the structure and composition of NAu-2 during its alteration by bacterial sulfate reduction. G-11 can also derive nutrients from NAu-2 to support its growth in the absence of amended minerals and vitamins. Results of this study suggest that sulfate-reducing bacteria may play a more significant role than previously recognized in the cycling of Fe, S, and other elements during alteration of Fe-rich 2:1 clay minerals and other silicate minerals. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. Lincoln Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM zhang@srel.edu RI Li, Yiliang/E-9916-2010; Sears, Stephen Kelly/F-3522-2012; Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012; OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943; Deng, Baolin/0000-0001-6569-1808 NR 55 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 15 BP 3251 EP 3260 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.03.004 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 841DQ UT WOS:000222909900010 ER PT J AU Fujita, Y Redden, GD Ingram, JC Cortez, MM Ferris, FG Smith, RW AF Fujita, Y Redden, GD Ingram, JC Cortez, MM Ferris, FG Smith, RW TI Strontium incorporation into calcite generated by bacterial ureolysis SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Microbial Geochemistry held at the 2002 Fall Meeting of the AGU CY 2002 CL San Francisco, CA SP AGU ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; MICROBIAL PRECIPITATION; CARBONATE PRECIPITATION; MINERAL FORMATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; COPRECIPITATION; SURFACE AB Strontium incorporation into calcite generated by bacterial ureolysis was investigated as part of an assessment of a proposed remediation approach for Sr-90 contamination in groundwater. Urea hydrolysis produces ammonium and carbonate and elevates pH, resulting in the promotion of calcium carbonate precipitation. Urea hydrolysis by the bacterium Bacillus pasteurii in a medium designed to mimic the chemistry of the Snake River Plain Aquifer in Idaho resulted in a pH rise from 7.5 to 9.1. Measured average distribution coefficients (D-EX) for Sr in the calcite produced by ureolysis (0.5) were up to an order of magnitude higher than values reported in the literature for natural and synthetic calcites (0.02-0.4). They were also higher than values for calcite produced abiotically by ammonium carbonate addition (0.3). The precipitation of calcite in these experiments was verified by X-ray diffraction. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS) depth profiling (up to 350 nm) suggested that the Sr was not merely sorbed on the surface, but was present at depth within the particles. X-ray absorption near edge spectra showed that Sr was present in the calcite samples as a solid solution. The extent of Sr incorporation appeared to be driven primarily by the overall rate of calcite precipitation, where faster precipitation was associated with greater Sr uptake into the solid. The presence of bacterial surfaces as potential nucleation sites in the ammonium carbonate precipitation treatment did not enhance overall precipitation or the Sr distribution coefficient. Because bacterial ureolysis can generate high rates of calcite precipitation, the application of this approach is promising for remediation of Sr-90 contamination in environments where calcite is stable over the long term. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Fujita, Y (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM fujiy@inel.gov NR 46 TC 92 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 15 BP 3261 EP 3270 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.12.018 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 841DQ UT WOS:000222909900011 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Lopez, C Romanek, CS Huertas, FJ Ohmoto, H Caballero, E AF Jimenez-Lopez, C Romanek, CS Huertas, FJ Ohmoto, H Caballero, E TI Oxygen isotope fractionation in synthetic magnesian calcite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS; PRECIPITATION RATE; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CARBON DIOXIDE; TOTAL PRESSURE; SEA-WATER; KINETICS; BRACHIOPODS; SEAWATER AB Mg-bearing calcite was precipitated at 25degreesC in closed system free-drift experiments from solutions containing NaHCO3, CaCl2 and MgCl2. The chemical and isotope composition of the solution and precipitate were investigated during time course experiments of 24-h duration. Monohydrocalcite and calcite precipitated early in the experiments (<8 h), while Mg-calcite was the predominant precipitate (>95%) thereafter. Solid collected at the end of the experiments displayed compositional zoning from pure calcite in crystal cores to up to 23 mol% MgCO3 in the rims. Smaller excursions in Mg were superimposed on this chemical record, which is characteristic of oscillatory zoning observed in synthetic and natural solid-solution carbonates of differing solubility. Magnesium also altered the predominant morphology of crystals over time from the 11041 to {100} and {110} growth forms. The oxygen isotope fractionation factor for the magnesian-calcite-water system (as 10(3)Inalpha(Mg-cl-H2O)) displayed a strong dependence on the mol% MgCO3 in the solid phase, but quantification of the relationship was difficult due to the heterogeneous nature of the precipitate. Considering only the Mg-content and delta(18)O values for the bulk solid, 10(3)Inalpha(Mg-cl-H2O) increased at a rate of 0.17 +/- 0.02 per mol% MgCO3; this value is a factor of three higher than the single previous estimate (Tarutani T., Clayton R.N., and Mayeda T. K. (1969) The effect of polymorphims and magnesium substitution on oxygen isotope fractionation between calcium carbonate and water. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 33, 987-996). Nevertheless, extrapolation of our relationship to the pure calcite end member yielded a value of 27.9 +/- 0.02, which is similar in magnitude to published values for the calcite-water system. Although no kinetic effect was observed on 10(3)Inalpha(Mg-cl-H2O) for precipitation rates that ranged from 10(3.21) to 10(4.60) mumol (.) m(-2) (.) h(-1), it was impossible to disentangle the potential effect(s) of precipitation rate and Mg-content on 10(3)Inalpha(Mg-cl-H2O) due to the heterogeneous nature of the solid. The results of this study suggest that paleotemperatures inferred from the delta(18)O values of high magnesian calcite (>10 mol% MgCO3) may be significantly underestimated. Also, the results underscore the need for additional experiments to accurately characterize the effect of Mg coprecipitation on the isotope systematics of calcite from a chemically homogeneous precipitate or a heterogeneous material that is analyzed at the scale of chemical and isotopic zonation. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 CSIC, Estac Expt Zaidin, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Geol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Penn State Univ, Astrobiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jimenez-Lopez, C (reprint author), Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Microbiol, Campus Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain. EM cjl@ugr.es RI Huertas, F. Javier/B-8332-2008 OI Huertas, F. Javier/0000-0002-1833-6018 NR 75 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 16 BP 3367 EP 3377 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.033 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 844UI UT WOS:000223185700008 ER PT J AU Jones, RH Leshin, LA Guan, YB Sharp, ZD Durakiewicz, T Schilk, AJ AF Jones, RH Leshin, LA Guan, YB Sharp, ZD Durakiewicz, T Schilk, AJ TI Oxygen isotope heterogeneity in chondrules from the Mokoia CV3 carbonaceous chondrite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-RICH INCLUSIONS; ISOLATED OLIVINE GRAINS; UV LASER-ABLATION; SOLAR NEBULA; ALLENDE METEORITE; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; TYPE-3 CHONDRITES; ORIGIN; RIMS; FORSTERITE AB We report a study of the oxygen isotope ratios of chondrules and their constituent mineral grains from the Mokoia, oxidized CV3 chondrite. Bulk oxygen isotope ratios of 23 individual chondrules were determined by laser ablation fluorination, and oxygen isotope ratios of individual grains, mostly olivine, were obtained in situ on polished mounts using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Our results can be compared with data obtained previously for the oxidized CV3 chondrite, Allende. Bulk oxygen isotope ratios of Mokoia chondrules form an array on an oxygen three-isotope plot that is subparallel to, and slightly displaced from, the CCAM (carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous minerals) line. The best-fit line for all CV3 chondrite chondrules has a slope of 0.99, and is displaced significantly (by delta(17)O similar to -2.5parts per thousand) from the Young and Russell slope-one line for unaltered calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) minerals. Oxygen isotope ratios of many bulk CAIs also lie on the CV-chondrule line, which is the most relevant oxygen isotope array for most CV chondrite components. Bulk oxygen isotope ratios of most chondrules in Mokoia have delta(18)O values around 0parts per thousand, and olivine grains in these chondrules have similar oxygen isotope ratios to their bulk values. In general, it appears that chondrule mesostases have higher delta(18)O values than olivines in the same chondrules. Our bulk chondrule data spread to lower delta(18)O values than any ferromagnesian chondrules that have been measured previously. Two chondrules with the lowest bulk delta(18)O values (-7.5parts per thousand and -11.7parts per thousand) contain olivine grains that display an extremely wide range of oxygen isotope ratios, down to delta(17)O, delta(18)O around -50parts per thousand in one chondrule. In these chondrules, there are no apparent relict grains, and essentially no relationships between olivine compositions, which are homogeneous, and oxygen isotopic compositions of individual grains. Heterogeneity of oxygen isotope ratios within these chondrules may be the result of incorporation of relict grains from objects such as amoeboid olivine aggregates, followed by solid-state chemical diffusion without concomitant oxygen equilibration. Alternatively, oxygen isotope exchange between an O-16-rich precursor and an O-16-poor gas may have taken place during chondrule formation, and these chondrules may represent partially equilibrated systems in which isotopic heterogeneities became frozen into the crystallizing olivine grains. If this is the case, we can infer that the earliest nebular solids from which chondrules formed had delta(17)O and delta(18)O values around -50parts per thousand, similar to those observed in refractory inclusions. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorite Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rjones@unm.edu OI Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 67 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2004 VL 68 IS 16 BP 3423 EP 3438 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.013 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 844UI UT WOS:000223185700012 ER PT J AU Pruess, K AF Pruess, K TI Special issue: Selected papers from the TOUGH Symposium 2003, Berkeley, 12-14 May 2003 - Preface SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM k_pruess@lbl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 399 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2003.12.001 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 840PR UT WOS:000222872000001 ER PT J AU Xu, TF Ontoy, Y Molling, P Spycher, N Parini, M Pruess, K AF Xu, TF Ontoy, Y Molling, P Spycher, N Parini, M Pruess, K TI Reactive transport modeling of injection well scaling and acidizing at Tiwi field, Philippines SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE brine injection; modeling; silica scaling; injectivity loss; reactive transport; Tiwi; Philippines ID FLUID-FLOW; SYSTEMS; PHASE AB Hot brine injector Nag-67 in the Tiwi geothermal field (Philippines) had been in operation for over 10 years when injectivity decline indicated a workover was required in 2000. The operation consisted of drilling-out wellbore scale followed by acid dissolution of scale formed in the near-wellbore formation. The workover increased the injection capacity of the well to near its initial-use capacity. Scale-volume estimates from brine chemistry, and from stoichiometric amounts of silica dissolved during the acidizing, suggested that the decrease in injectivity was largely due to scale deposition in the near-well formation. Reactive transport modeling was used to simulate mineral deposition and injectivity loss. A porosity-permeability relationship was calibrated using observed injection indexes to reproduce the loss of injectivity. The relationship captured very well the steep loss of injectivity, and the simulated amounts of precipitated amorphous silica were consistent with the estimated amounts from field data. Significant precipitation of amorphous silica, and reductions in porosity and permeability, were predicted to occur mainly within a 10m radius from the well. Injectivity recovery by acid injection was also simulated, and the predicted amount of amorphous silica dissolved by acid was consistent with the estimated amount. (C) 2004 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Philippine Geothermal Inc, Makati, Philippines. Unocal, Geothermal Technol & Serv, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tianfu_xu@lbl.gov RI Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010 NR 18 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 EI 1879-3576 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 477 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2003.09.012 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 840PR UT WOS:000222872000006 ER PT J AU Dobson, PF Salah, S Spycher, N Sonnenthal, EL AF Dobson, PF Salah, S Spycher, N Sonnenthal, EL TI Simulation of water-rock interaction in the Yellowstone geothermal system using TOUGHREACT SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE water-rock interaction; hydrothermal alteration; reactive transport modeling; Yellowstone; USA ID FLUID-FLOW; DISSOLUTION AB The Yellowstone geothermal system provides an ideal opportunity to test the ability of reactive transport models to simulate the chemical and hydrological effects of water-rock interaction. Previous studies of the Yellowstone geothermal system have characterized water-rock interaction through analysis of rocks and fluids obtained from both surface and downhole samples. Fluid chemistry, rock mineralogy, permeability, porosity, and thermal data obtained from the Y-8 borehole in Upper Geyser Basin were used to constrain a series of reactive transport simulations of the Yellowstone geothermal system using TOUGHREACT. Three distinct stratigraphic units were encountered in the 153.4 m deep Y-8 drill core: volcaniclastic sandstone, perlitic rhyolitic lava, and nonwelded pumiceous tuff. The main alteration phases identified in the Y-8 core samples include clay minerals, zeolites, silica polymorphs, adularia, and calcite. Temperatures observed in the Y-8 borehole increase with depth from sub-boiling conditions at the surface to a maximum of 169.8degreesC at a depth of 104.1 m, with near-isothermal conditions persisting down to the well bottom. I-D models of the Y-8 core hole were constructed to simulate the observed alteration mineral assemblage given the initial rock mineralogy and observed fluid chemistry and temperatures. Preliminary simulations involving the perlitic rhyolitic lava unit are consistent with the observed alteration of rhyolitic glass to form celadonite. (C) 2004 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dobson, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pfdobson@lbl.gov RI Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009; Dobson, Patrick/D-8771-2015; Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010 OI Dobson, Patrick/0000-0001-5031-8592; NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2003.10.002 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 840PR UT WOS:000222872000007 ER PT J AU Shan, C Pruess, K AF Shan, C Pruess, K TI EOSN - a new TOUGH2 module for simulating transport of noble gases in the subsurface SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE TOUGH2 module; noble gas transport; temperature effects; modeling AB Noble gases widely exist in nature, and except for radon, they are stable. Modem techniques can detect noble gases to relatively low concentrations and with great precision. These factors suggest that noble gases can be useful tracers for subsurface characterization. Their applications, however, require an appropriate transport model for data analyses. A new fluid property module, EOSN, was developed for TOUGH2 to simulate transport of noble gases in the subsurface. Currently any of five different noble gases (except radon) as well as CO2 can be selected, two at a time. For the two selected gas components, the Crovetto et a]. [J. Chem. Phys. 76 (1982) 1077-1086] model is used to calculate the Henry's law coefficients; and the Reid et al. [The Properties of Gases and Liquids, McGraw-Hill, New York (1987)] correlation is used to calculate the gas phase diffusivities. Like most other sister modules, TOUGH2/EOSN can simulate non-isothermal multiphase flow and fully coupled transport in fractured porous media. Potential applications of the new module include, but are not limited to: (a) study of different reservoir processes such as recharge, boiling, condensation, and fracture-matrix fluid exchange; (b) characterization of reservoir geometry such as fracture spacing; and (c) analysis Of CO2 sequestration. (C) 2004 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM c_shan@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 521 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2003.07.013 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 840PR UT WOS:000222872000009 ER PT J AU Todesco, M Rutqvist, J Chiodini, G Pruess, K Oldenburg, CIM AF Todesco, M Rutqvist, J Chiodini, G Pruess, K Oldenburg, CIM TI Modeling of recent volcanic episodes at Phlegrean Fields (Italy): geochemical variations and ground deformation SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE modeling; hydrothermal circulation; ground deformation; bradyseism; geochemistry; volcanology; Phlegrean Fields; Italy ID CAMPI-FLEGREI CALDERA; SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; YELLOWSTONE CALDERA; SEISMIC ACTIVITY; UNREST EPISODES; NEW-ZEALAND; SUBSIDENCE; MIGRATION; EVOLUTION; WAIRAKEI AB The Phlegrean Fields is an active caldera structure, located on the periphery of Naples (Italy). After the last eruptive event (the Monte Nuovo eruption in 1538), periodic episodes of unrest have characterized the evolution of this volcanic district, involving seismic activity and slow ground motion (bradyseism). During these episodes of unrest, some remarkable changes have also affected the composition of the hydrothermal fluids discharged at La Solfatara fumarolic field. These unrest phenomena result from the complex interaction between magma chamber, hydrothermal fluid circulation, and country rocks undergoing thermal and mechanical stresses. In order to make an effective hazard assessment in such a densely populated area as the Phlegrean Fields, we must first reach a better understanding of the mechanism driving bradyseismic activity and determine the relation between ground deformation and hydrothermal fluid circulation. In this work, we present some results of numerical modeling of both the hydrothermal fluid circulation at La Solfatara, and of its effects on rock deformation. The modeling results show that periods of intensified magmatic degassing can explain many features of the recent crises of unrest at Phlegrean Fields. (C) 2004 CNR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Earth & Geoenvironm Sci, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vesuvian Observ, Natl Inst Geophys & Volcanol, I-80124 Naples, Italy. RP Todesco, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Geophys & Volcanol, Via Donato Creti,12, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. EM todesco@bo.ingv.it RI Todesco, Micol/B-1216-2012; Chiodini, Giovanni/A-2744-2013; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013; Chiodini, Giovanni/K-3557-2014; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Todesco, Micol/0000-0002-5939-0985; Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016; Chiodini, Giovanni/0000-0002-0628-8055; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 39 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 33 IS 4 BP 531 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2003.08.014 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 840PR UT WOS:000222872000010 ER PT J AU Hubbard, S Rubin, Y AF Hubbard, S Rubin, Y TI The quest for better wine using geophysics SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hubbard, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 USA SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD AUG PY 2004 VL 49 IS 8 BP 30 EP 34 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 844UU UT WOS:000223187000023 ER PT J AU Frame, PW AF Frame, PW TI A history of radiation detection instrumentation SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE historical profiles; Health Physics Society; detectors; radiation; instrumentation ID COUNTER; DOSIMETRY; ELECTRON; RADIOACTIVITY; ALPHA-AL2O3-C; SCINTILLATORS; LUMINESCENCE; DISCOVERY; EVOLUTION; ROENTGEN AB A review is presented of the history of radiation detection instrumentation. Specific radiation detection systems that are discussed include the human senses, photography, calorimetry, color dosimetry, ion chambers, electrometers, electroscopes, proportional counters, Geiger Mueller counters, scalers and rate meters, barium platinocyanide, scintillation counters, semiconductor detectors, radiophotoluminescent dosimeters, thermoluminescent dosimeters, optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters, direct ion storage, electrets, cloud chambers, bubble chambers, and bubble dosimeters. Given the broad scope of this review, the coverage is limited to a few key events in the development of a given detection system and some relevant operating principles. The occasional anecdote is included for interest. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, PTP MS 11, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Frame, PW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, PTP MS 11, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM framep@orau.gov NR 180 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 111 EP 135 DI 10.1097/00004032-200408000-00001 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 842FM UT WOS:000222988700001 PM 15257213 ER PT J AU Arno, MG Kercher, JR Cederwall, RT Loosmore, GA AF Arno, MG Kercher, JR Cederwall, RT Loosmore, GA TI Extension of NCRP 129 to short-lived radionuclides SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose assessment; Monte Carlo; modeling; meteorological; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements AB NCRP 129 contains dose conversion factors for 200 radionuclides that allow one to estimate the maximum dose to an individual based on the concentration of the radionuclide in the soil and the way in which the land is used. The methodology of NCRP 129 has been extended to be applicable to 28 common short-lived radionuclides and their progeny, and dose conversion factors were obtained for these radionuclides. In addition to applying the NCRP 129 calculational methodology to these radionuclides, holdup times from harvest or slaughter until consumption have been incorporated into the decay correction equations used to determine the maximum annual dose due to the significance of the holdup time with respect to the dose from short-lived radionuclides. These holdup times were included in the Monte Carlo sampling regimen used in NCRP 129. A test using emission rates proportional to those of the Chernobyl event indicated that areas of high dose, where rainout occurs, more than doubled in areas where short-lived radionuclides from this study were included. C1 Foxfire Sci, Arlington, TX 76011 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Arno, MG (reprint author), 835 E Lamar Blvd,415, Arlington, TX 76011 USA. EM marno@alum.mit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 136 EP 150 DI 10.1097/00004032-200408000-00002 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 842FM UT WOS:000222988700002 PM 15257214 ER PT J AU Boyer, BD AF Boyer, BD TI A case for nuclear-generated electricity SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Book Review C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Boyer, BD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 197C,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM boyer@bnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 BP 217 EP 217 DI 10.1097/00004032-200408000-00009 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 842FM UT WOS:000222988700009 ER PT J AU Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, FP AF Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, FP TI Radiological characterization of the pressure vessel internals of the BNL high flux beam reactor SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; neutrons; uranium; nuclear reactor AB In preparation for the eventual decommissioning of the High Flux Beam Reactor after the permanent removal of its fuel elements from the Brookhaven National Laboratory, measurements and calculations of the decay gamma-ray dose-rate were performed in the reactor pressure vessel and on vessel internal structures such as the upper and lower thermal shields, the Transition Plate, and the Control Rod blades. Measurements of gamma-ray dose rates were made using Red Perspex(TM) polymethyl methacrylate high-dose film, a Radcal "peanut' ion chamber, and Eberline's RO-7 high-range ion chamber. As a comparison, the Monte Carlo MCNP code and MicroShield code were used to model the gamma-ray transport and dose buildup. The gamma-ray dose rate at 8 cm above the center of the Transition Plate was measured to be 160 Gy h(-1) (using an RO-7) and 88 Gy h(-1) at 8 cm above and about 5 cm lateral to the Transition Plate (using Red Perspex film). This compares with a calculated dose rate of 172 Gy h(-1) using MicroShield(TM) The gamma-ray dose rate was 16.2 Gy h(-1) measured at 76 cm from the reactor core (using the "peanut' ion chamber) and 16.3 Gy h(-1) at 87 cm from the core (using Red Perspex film). The similarity of dose rates measured with different instruments indicates that using different methods and instruments is acceptable if the measurement (and calculation) parameters are well defined. Different measurement techniques may be necessary due to constraints such as size restrictions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, NNDC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NNDC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM holden@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 87 IS 2 SU S BP S25 EP S30 DI 10.1097/00004032-200408001-00009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 843DY UT WOS:000223057300007 PM 15220719 ER PT J AU Kennel, SJ Lankford, T Foote, L Wall, M Davern, S AF Kennel, SJ Lankford, T Foote, L Wall, M Davern, S TI Phage display selection of scFv to murine endothelial cell membranes SO HYBRIDOMA AND HYBRIDOMICS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-PARTICLE EMITTER; ANTIBODY LIBRARIES; LUNG; BI-213; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; BACTERIOPHAGES; ANGIOGENESIS; CANCER AB The diversity of endothelial cells is becoming more apparent and more important in defining vessel systems that supply blood to normal organs and to tumors. Reagents that identify expression of cell surface determinants on these cells are crucial for differentiating among different vessel types. As a first step in this process we have selected a panel of 25 scFvs from a phage display library that bind to the endothelial cell line LEII. The scFvs are of high affinity and bind to some tumor cells as well as to the target endothelial cell. The scFvs can be divided into 8 epitope groups by use of competition binding studies. DNA sequencing of the members of these groups generally support the classification. This work shows that phage display is a rapid and efficient method for identification of reagents for cell surface molecules. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Kennel, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008,MS 6123, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kennelsj@ornl.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1536-8599 J9 HYBRIDOMA HYBRIDOM JI Hybrid. Hybridomics PD AUG PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1089/1536859041651295 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 846NU UT WOS:000223323300001 PM 15319067 ER PT J AU Nikolic, I Blecic, D Blagojevic, N Radmilovic, V Kovacevic, K AF Nikolic, I Blecic, D Blagojevic, N Radmilovic, V Kovacevic, K TI Influence of oxalic acid on the kinetics of AI(OH)(3) growth from caustic soda solutions SO HYDROMETALLURGY LA English DT Article DE caustic soda solutions; crystallization; adsorption; crystal growth; Al(OH)(3); agglomeration nucleation; oxalic acid ID AGGLOMERATION; MECHANISM; CRYSTALS; GIBBSITE AB Crystallization of Al(OH)(3) from caustic soda solutions is an important part of the Bayer process for alumina production. Nucleation, agglomeration and crystal growth processes occur simultaneously during crystallization of Al(OH)(3) and have different effects on the final product. In this study, we have investigated the influence of oxalic acid on the kinetics of Al(OH)(3) crystal growth. The results have shown that the overall growth rate of Al(OH)(3) Crystals increased with increase of temperature of crystallization and decreased with caustic soda concentration, both in the presence and absence of oxalic acid. However, the presence of oxalic acid reduces the overall growth rate Of Al(OH)(3) compared to the overall crystal growth rate from the pure caustic soda solutions, and the reduction is greater as the concentration of oxalic acid increased. In other words, the oxalic acid has the inhibitory influence on Al(OH)(3) crystal growth. The effectiveness of the oxalic acid on the Al(OH)3 growth can be represented through a modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and adsorption of admixture on the surface of growing Al(OH)(3) crystals is favoured with a decrease in temperature and with an increase in oxalic acid concentration. Relatively high crystal growth rates (between 8 and 22 mum/h) result from an agglomeration process that could not be prevented because of the presence of small seed Al(OH)(3) particles and the newly formed Al(OH)(3) particles through the nucleation process. Investigation of agglomeration and nucleation processes has shown that agglomeration increased with increasing temperature and decreasing caustic soda concentration, while the nucleation process can be increased with decreasing temperature and caustic soda concentration. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Montenegro, Fac Technol & Met, YU-81000 Podgorica, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. Univ Calif Berkeley, NCEM, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Ferrous Met, Nikshic, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. RP Nikolic, I (reprint author), Univ Montenegro, Fac Technol & Met, Cetinjski Put BB, YU-81000 Podgorica, Serbia Monteneg, Yugoslavia. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-386X J9 HYDROMETALLURGY JI Hydrometallurgy PD AUG PY 2004 VL 74 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.12.005 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 835DR UT WOS:000222461000001 ER PT J AU Shvartsman, SY Wiley, HS Lauffenburger, DA AF Shvartsman, SY Wiley, HS Lauffenburger, DA TI Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in tissues SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID AUTOCRINE LIGAND-BINDING; DROSOPHILA OOGENESIS; RADIATION RESPONSES; TYROSINE KINASES; ACTIVATION; CELLS; PATHWAY; RELEASE; SYSTEM; MODEL C1 Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst Integrat Gen, Carl Icahn Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biomol Syst Initiat, Richland, WA USA. MIT, Div Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Shvartsman, SY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Lewis Sigler Inst Integrat Gen, Carl Icahn Lab, Washington Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM stas@princeton.edu OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0272-1708 J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1109/MCS.2004.1316653 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 839DI UT WOS:000222763100005 ER PT J AU Chow, WW Vawter, GA Guo, JP AF Chow, WW Vawter, GA Guo, JP TI Approaching intraband relaxation rates in the high-speed modulation of semiconductor lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE hot carriers; laser theory; nonequilibrium laser dynamics; optical modulation; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor lasers ID MICROCAVITY LASERS; MQW LASERS; DYNAMICS; GAIN AB This paper uses a nonequilibrium semiconductor laser model to investigate high-modulation bandwidth operation in semiconductor lasers. In particular, limitations to greater than or equal to 100 GHz modulation response, which approaches the carrier-phonon scattering rate, are analyzed. It is found that plasma heating leads to a dynamic carrier population bottleneck, which limits scaling of modulation bandwidth. An optical injection scheme is proposed to verify this phenomenon experimentally. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wwchow@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 40 IS 8 BP 989 EP 995 DI 10.1109/JQE.2004.831627 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 841BW UT WOS:000222905300004 ER PT J AU Balakrishnan, H Barrett, CL Kumar, VSA Marathe, MV Thite, S AF Balakrishnan, H Barrett, CL Kumar, VSA Marathe, MV Thite, S TI The distance-2 matching problem and its relationship to the MAC-layer capacity of ad hoc wireless networks SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE approximation algorithms; graph theory; media-access (MAC) protocols; network capacity; sensor networks; wireless ad hoc networks ID GRAPHS; HARD AB We consider the problem of determining the maximum capacity of the media access (MAC) layer in wireless ad hoc networks. Due to spatial contention for the shared wireless medium, not all nodes can concurrently transmit packets to each other in these networks. The maximum number of possible concurrent transmissions is, therefore, an estimate of the maximum network capacity, and depends on the MAC protocol being used. We show that for a large class of MAC protocols based on virtual carrier sensing using RTS/CTS messages, which includes the popular IEEE 802.11 standard, this problem may be modeled as a maximum Distance-2 matching (D2EMIS) in the underlying wireless network: Given a graph G(V, E), find a set of edges E' subset of or equal to E such that no two edges in E' are connected by another edge in E. D2EMIS is NP-complete. Our primary goal is to show that it can be approximated efficiently in networks that arise in practice. We do this by focusing on an admittedly simplistic, yet natural, graph-theoretic model for ad hoc wireless networks based on disk graphs, where a node can reach all other nodes within some distance (nodes may have unequal reach distances). We show that our approximation yields good capacity bounds. Our Work is the first attempt at characterizing an important "maximum" measure of wireless network capacity, and can be used to shed light on previous topology formation protocols like Span and GAF that attempt to produce "good" or "capacity-preserving" topologies, while allowing nodes to-alternate between sleep and awake states. Out work shows an efficient way to compute an upper bound on maximum wireless network capacity, thereby allowing topology formation algorithms to determine how close they are to optimal. We also outline a distributed algorithm for the problem for unit disk graphs, and briefly discuss extensions of our results to: 1) different no de interference models; 2) directional antennas; and 3) other transceiver connectivity structures besides disk graphs. C1 MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Basic & Appl Simulat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hari@csail.mit.edu; barrett@lanl.gov; anil@lanl.gov; marathe@lanl.gov; thite@uiuc.edu NR 19 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 EI 1558-0008 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1079 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2004.830909 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 844IE UT WOS:000223150700012 ER PT J AU Gunter, RL Zhine, R Delinger, WG Manygoats, K Kooser, A Porter, TL AF Gunter, RL Zhine, R Delinger, WG Manygoats, K Kooser, A Porter, TL TI Investigation of DNA sensing using piezoresistive microcantilever probes SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cantilever; DNA; piezoresistive; sensor ID MICROMECHANICAL CANTILEVER ARRAY; ARTIFICIAL NOSE; SENSOR; TECHNOLOGY AB Piezoresistive microcantilever-based sensors maybe used in a variety of sensing applications, including chemical sensing and biological sensing. In these applications, a sensing material is functionalized so as to undergo a volumetric or dimensional change upon analyte exposure. A piezoresistive microcantilever in contact with, or embedded within, the sensing material records the dimensional change as a simple resistance change in the cantilever as it is strained by the volumetric shift in the sensing layer. Here, we describe the detection of single-strand DNA by utilizing a sensing layer material consisting of thiolated single-strand DNA attached to a gold film substrate. A piezoresistive microcantilever in direct contact with this layer in solution immediately responds to the presence of the complimentary (25 base) single strand. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Chem, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87120 USA. RP Gunter, RL (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Robert.gunter@nau.edu; rosie.zhine@nau.edu; William.delinger@nau.edu; Kevin.manygoats@nau.edu; ara.kooser@nau.edu; tim.porter@nau.edu OI Kooser, Ara/0000-0002-9968-5999 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 430 EP 433 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2004.829784 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 838PI UT WOS:000222724900005 ER PT J AU Rieben, R White, D Rodrigue, G AF Rieben, R White, D Rodrigue, G TI High-order symplectic integration methods for finite element solutions to time dependent Maxwell equations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE finite element methods; high-order methods; Maxwell equations; symplectic methods; time domain analysis ID NUMERICAL STABILITY; DOMAIN METHODS; SIMULATION AB In this paper, we motivate the use of high-order integration methods for finite element solutions of the time dependent Maxwell equations. In particular, we present a symplectic algorithm for the integration of the coupled first-order Maxwell equations for computing the time dependent electric and magnetic fields. Symplectic methods have the benefit of conserving total electromagnetic field energy and are, therefore, preferred over dissipative methods (such as traditional Runge-Kutta) in applications that require high-accuracy and energy conservation over long periods of time integration. We show that in the context of symplectic methods, several popular schemes can be elegantly cast in a single algorithm. We conclude with some numerical examples which demonstrate the superior performance of high-order time integration methods. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rieben, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rieben1@llnl.gov; white37@llnl.gov; ghrodrigue@uc-davis.edu NR 21 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 2190 EP 2195 DI 10.1109/TAR2004.832356 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 846EV UT WOS:000223299000036 ER PT J AU Heller, L Ranken, D Best, E AF Heller, L Ranken, D Best, E TI The magnetic field inside special conducting geometries due to internal current SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE homogeneous sphere; infinite half space; magnetic field; neuromagnetic field; three concentric spheres ID INHOMOGENEOUS VOLUME CONDUCTOR; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; MODEL; RESONANCE; DIPOLE AB In view of recent attempts to directly and noninvasively detect the neuromagnetic field, we derive an analytic formula for the magnetic field inside a homogeneous conducting sphere due to a point current dipole. It has a similar structure to a well-known formula for the field outside any spherically symmetric conductivity profile. For a radial dipole, the field on the inside has a very simple expression. A symmetry argument is given as to why the field of a radial dipole vanishes outside a spherical conductor. Illustrative plots of the magnetic field are presented for a radial and a tangential dipole; the slope of the tangential component of the magnetic field is discontinuous at the surface of the sphere. A spherical conductor having three concentric regions is discussed; and we also derive an analytic formula for the magnetic field inside a homogeneous infinite half space. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Heller, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, P-21, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lheller@lanl.gov; ranken@lanl.gov; best@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9294 J9 IEEE T BIO-MED ENG JI IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1310 EP 1318 DI 10.1109/TMBE.2004.827554 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 838QI UT WOS:000222727600002 PM 15311815 ER PT J AU King, TL Horine, FM Daly, KC Smith, BH AF King, TL Horine, FM Daly, KC Smith, BH TI Explosives detection with hard-wired moths SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 20-22, 2003 CL VAIL, CO SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE bioinstrumentation; electromyography; explosives detection; Pavlovian conditioning ID MANDUCA-SEXTA; LEPIDOPTERA-SPHINGIDAE AB Insects, such as moths, can be trained to respond to explosives odors. A prototype system that can use trained insects such as moths to detect explosives was designed, assembled, and tested. It compares the electromyographic signals of insects trained to respond or not respond to a target explosive vapor in order to determine whether or not explosive devices, such as bombs or landmines, are present. The device was designed to be portable by making it lightweight, battery-powered, and energy efficient. The prototype performed successfully during testing. This device is a novel integration of electronics and biology to create a bioinstrument that has not been previously developed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Explos Components Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP King, TL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Explos Components Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tlking@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1113 EP 1118 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.831455 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 840EK UT WOS:000222839700033 ER PT J AU Lopez, LS Weller, TM AF Lopez, LS Weller, TM TI A low-loss quartz-based cross-coupled filter integrated onto low-resistivity silicon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE cross-coupled; low-resistivity silicon (LRS); microwave filters; three-dimensional (3-D) integration ID RESONATORS AB This paper presents a 10-GHz cross-coupled bandpass filter integrated onto low-resistivity silicon. The filter is fabricated on a quartz substrate and then mounted onto the silicon using benzocyclobutene and inverted microstrip interconnects. The approach enables the integration of low-loss distributed microwave components onto CMOS-grade Si substrates while occupying a small effective footprint on the silicon. Experimental and theoretical results are given for 10-GHz filters integrated onto a 10-Omega (.) cm silicon substrate. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Lopez, LS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lslopez@sandia.gov; weller@eng.usf.edu NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1809 EP 1812 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.831577 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 843BT UT WOS:000223051100006 ER PT J AU Kowalski, ME Jin, HM AF Kowalski, ME Jin, HM TI Model-based optimization of phased arrays for electromagnetic hyperthermia SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE computational electromagnetics; hyperthermia; magnetic resonance imagining (MRI); model-based optimization ID DEEP REGIONAL HYPERTHERMIA; MICROWAVE HYPERTHERMIA; RADIOFREQUENCY HYPERTHERMIA; CERVICAL-CARCINOMA; PATIENT MODELS; HEAT-TRANSFER; FDTD METHOD; IN-VIVO; TEMPERATURE; TISSUE AB A summary of recent progress in model-based optimization of phased arrays for electromagnetic hyperthermia is reported. The electromagnetic phased array has the potential to overcome many of the difficulties associated with noninvasive hyperthermia, and is more effective if the driving amplitudes and phases of the array are carefully selected. A computationally efficient method for the optimization of the steady-state temperature distribution, a major driver of therapeutic response, has been developed. By employing a dual set of superposition principles, the technique minimizes the number of computationally expensive forward problems that must be solved in the course of an optimization. Additionally, a scheme that employs emerging noninvasive tomographic temperature estimation techniques, such as magnetic resonance thermometry, to perform optimization of a phased array has been developed and demonstrated experimentally. Conclusions about the potential value of each of the developed techniques are reached and directions for further research are indicated. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Adv Computat Dept, Menlo Pk, CA 94020 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Kowalski, ME (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Adv Computat Dept, Menlo Pk, CA 94020 USA. EM m.e.kowalski@ieee.org NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1964 EP 1977 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2004.831987 PN 2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 843BW UT WOS:000223051400014 ER PT J AU Valentine, JD AF Valentine, JD TI A Brief Note From the Editor for the Nuclear Science Symposium, Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detectors, and Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems Contributions to the IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Valentine, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1311 EP 1311 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.833174 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600001 ER PT J AU De Geronimo, G Fried, J O'Connor, P Radeka, V Smith, GC Thom, C Yu, B AF De Geronimo, G Fried, J O'Connor, P Radeka, V Smith, GC Thom, C Yu, B TI Front-end ASIC for a GEM based time projection chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE ASIC; GEM; reset; TPC ID CONTINUOUS RESET SYSTEM; DETECTOR AB A time projection chamber for experiments with the laser electron gamma source is being developed. It is composed of a can and a single-ended, dual-stage gas electron multiplier, with associated anode plane pixellated into about 8000 pads. The front-end electronics must provide energy, timing, and address information from those pads involved in measuring each track. For center of gravity determination this information must be sampled from the above-threshold pad and from the two adjacent ones. An efficient scheme for readout of the approximate to8000 front-end channels between each measurement cycle is also required. A 32-channel front-end application-specific integrated circuit has been developed to serve this detector. Fabricated in 0.25 mum CMOS technology, it dissipates 41 mW. Each channel implements a low noise charge preamplifier with continuous reset of new concept, shaping amplifier with bandgap referenced baseline stabilizer, single threshold discriminator, dual-phase peak detector, timing detector, and logic for neighbor enabling. The readout process is based on token passing and flag. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, LEGS Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM degeronimo@bnl.gov NR 10 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1312 EP 1317 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832294 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600002 ER PT J AU Pratte, JF De Geronimo, G Junnarkar, S O'Connor, P Yu, B Robert, S Radeka, V Woody, C Stoll, S Vaska, P Kandasamy, A Lecomte, R Fontaine, R AF Pratte, JF De Geronimo, G Junnarkar, S O'Connor, P Yu, B Robert, S Radeka, V Woody, C Stoll, S Vaska, P Kandasamy, A Lecomte, R Fontaine, R TI Front-end electronics for the RatCAP mobile animal PET scanner SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE avalanche photodiodes (APDs); complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); mixed analog-digital integrated circuits; positron emission tomography; rat conscious animal positron emission tomography (RatCAP) ID LOW-NOISE; WIDE-BAND; PREAMPLIFIER; DETECTORS; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB We report on the development of the front-end electronics for rat conscious animal positron emission tomography (RatCAP), a portable and miniature positron emission tomography scanner. The application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is realized in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor 0.18 mum technology and is composed of 32 channels of charge sensitive preamplifier, third-order semi-Gaussian bipolar shaper, timing discriminator with independent channel adjustable threshold, and a 32-line address serial encoder to minimize the number of interconnections between the camera and the data acquisition system. Each chip has, a maximum power dissipation of 125 mW. A mathematical model of the timing resolution as a function of the noise and slope at the discrimination point as well as the photoelectron statistics was developed and validated. So far, three ASIC prototypes implementing part of the electronics were sent to fabrication. Results from the characterization of the first two prototypes are presented and discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Pratte, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jfpratte@bnl.gov OI LECOMTE, Roger/0000-0002-8541-0783 NR 11 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1318 EP 1323 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832299 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600003 ER PT J AU Blanquart, L Richardson, J Einsweiler, K Fischer, P Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Peric, I AF Blanquart, L Richardson, J Einsweiler, K Fischer, P Mandelli, E Meddeler, G Peric, I TI FE-12: A front-end readout chip designed in a commercial 0.25-mu m process for the ATLAS pixel detector at LHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE active bias distribution; hybrid pixel sensor; leakage current compensation; multichip module; shielding technique; threshold adjustment; time over threshold ID TECHNOLOGY AB A new front-end chip (FE-12) has been developed for the ATLAS pixel detector at the future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator facility of the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN). This chip has been submitted in a commercial 0.25-mum CMOS process using special layout techniques for radiation tolerance. It comprises 2880 pixels arranged into 18 columns of 160 channels. Each pixel element of dimension 50 mum x 400 mum is composed of a charge-sensitive amplifier followed by a fast discriminator with a detection threshold adjustable within a range of 0-6000 electrons and slow control logic incorporating a wired-hit-Or, preamplifier-kill, readout mask, and automatic threshold tuning circuitry. There are two single-event-upset (SEU)-tolerant DACs for reducing threshold (7-b) and recovery-time (3-b) mismatches from pixel to pixel along with digital hit emulation and a differential readout circuit aimed at transporting time-stamped data from each pixel to buffers at the bottom of the chip. In comparison to previous generations of the ATLAS pixel chip, FE-I2 incorporates many new features such as embedded "smart" decoupling capacitances, long-term overvoltage protection, linear regulators, a capacitance calibration charge-pump circuit, a power-on reset', and a leakage current monitoring circuit. Its predecessor (FE-I1) has been demonstrated to operate correctly after ionizing radiation doses exceeding 50 Mrad (SiO2). Special techniques employed for digital pick-up reduction are also described. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Mannheim, D-68165 Mannheim, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Blanquart, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lblanquart@lbl.gov; pfischer@rumms.uni-mannheim.de; peric@faust.physik.uni-bonn.de NR 7 TC 18 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1358 EP 1364 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832895 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600010 ER PT J AU Kroeger, W Hasan, A Hanushevsky, A Martin, L Nief, JY Boutigny, D Petzold, A AF Kroeger, W Hasan, A Hanushevsky, A Martin, L Nief, JY Boutigny, D Petzold, A TI BaBar data distribution using the storage resource broker SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE data management; distributed computing; grid middleware AB The BaBar experiment's computing resources are geographically spread out. A direct consequence of this is that a large amount of data is transferred between sites. Providing easy management and access to these data is a challenging task. To accomplish this task we are employing the storage resource broker (SRB), developed at the San Diego Super Computing Center, to manage the BaBar data files and to replicate them between Tier-A centers. The system has been tested between the computing centers l'Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (CC-IN2P3), Lyon, France, and at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA, and this paper discusses our experience with a view to production use. We describe how the system could be used to manage the data import/export between the computing sites and how it fits into building a BaBar data grid. We also explain how a user benefits from this system to access and obtain data in an easy and transparent fashion. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Paris 06, Phys Nucl Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Phys Nucl Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules, Ctr Calcul, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CNRS, IN2P3, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. RP Kroeger, W (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM wilko@slac.stanford.edu NR 2 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1462 EP 1464 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832903 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600026 ER PT J AU Scarpine, VE Lumpkin, AH Schappert, W Tassotto, GR AF Scarpine, VE Lumpkin, AH Schappert, W Tassotto, GR TI Optical transition radiation Imaging of intense proton beams at FNAL SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE 120-GeV protons; optical transition; radiation proton AB Initial results are presented of a prototype optical transition radiation (OTR) detector under development at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The purpose of this prototype detector is to evaluate the feasibility of using OTR imaging of intense proton (or antiproton) beams in transport lines for beam position and shape measurements. A secondary purpose is to develop experience in designing, constructing and operating a camera and optics system in high radiation environments. Measurements are made of 120 GeV proton beams with intensities up to 4.7 x 10(12) particles. Data are presented of OTR with titanium and aluminum foils. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scarpine, VE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM scarpine@fnal.gov; lumpkin@aps.anl.gov; warren@array.ca; tassotto@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1529 EP 1532 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832904 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600039 ER PT J AU Chudakov, E Luppov, V AF Chudakov, E Luppov, V TI Moller polarimetry with atomic hydrogen targets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Nuclear-Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE electron beams; helium; hydrogen; Moeller; Moller; polarimetry; polarization ID BEAM POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; ENERGY ELECTRON-BEAMS; GAS AB A novel proposal of using polarized atomic hydrogen gas, stored in an ultracold magnetic trap, as the target for electron-beam polarimetry based on Moller scattering is discussed. Such a target of practically 100% polarized electrons could provide a superb systematic accuracy of about 0.5% for beam polarization measurements. Feasibility studies for the CEBAF electron beam have been performed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Michigan, Spin Phys Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Chudakov, E (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM gen@jlab.org; vluppov@umich.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1533 EP 1540 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832575 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600040 ER PT J AU Akimoto, T Aoki, M Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Booth, P Bortoletto, D Burghard, A Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, CI Cooke, P Derylo, G Fang, I Feng, EJ Fernandez, JP Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Gorelov, I Haber, C Hale, D Hara, K Harr, R Hill, C Hoeferkamp, M Hoff, J Holbrook, B Hong, SC Hrycyk, M Hsiung, TH Incandela, J Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Junk, T Kahkola, H Karjalainen, S Kim, S Kobayashi, K Kong, DJ Krieger, B Kruse, M Kyre, S Lander, R Landry, T Lauhakangas, R Lee, J Lu, RS Lujan, PJ Lukens, P Mandelli, E Manea, C Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Min, SN Moccia, S Nakamura, Y Nakano, I Naoumov, D Nelson, T Nord, B Novak, J Okusawa, T Orava, R Orlov, Y Osterberg, K Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Riipinen, P Schuyler, B Seidel, S Shenai, A Soha, A Stuart, D Tanaka, R Tavi, M Von der Lippe, H Walder, JP Wang, Z Watje, P Weber, M Wester, W Yamamoto, K Yang, YC Yao, W Yao, W Yarema, R Yoshitama, H Yun, JC Zetti, F Zimmerman, T Zimmermann, S Zucchelli, S AF Akimoto, T Aoki, M Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Booth, P Bortoletto, D Burghard, A Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, CI Cooke, P Derylo, G Fang, I Feng, EJ Fernandez, JP Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Gorelov, I Haber, C Hale, D Hara, K Harr, R Hill, C Hoeferkamp, M Hoff, J Holbrook, B Hong, SC Hrycyk, M Hsiung, TH Incandela, J Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Junk, T Kahkola, H Karjalainen, S Kim, S Kobayashi, K Kong, DJ Krieger, B Kruse, M Kyre, S Lander, R Landry, T Lauhakangas, R Lee, J Lu, RS Lujan, PJ Lukens, P Mandelli, E Manea, C Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Min, SN Moccia, S Nakamura, Y Nakano, I Naoumov, D Nelson, T Nord, B Novak, J Okusawa, T Orava, R Orlov, Y Osterberg, K Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Riipinen, P Schuyler, B Seidel, S Shenai, A Soha, A Stuart, D Tanaka, R Tavi, M Von der Lippe, H Walder, JP Wang, Z Watje, P Weber, M Wester, W Yamamoto, K Yang, YC Yao, W Yao, W Yarema, R Yoshitama, H Yun, JC Zetti, F Zimmerman, T Zimmermann, S Zucchelli, S TI Sensors for the CDF Run2b silicon detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE AB We describe the characteristics of silicon microstrip sensors fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics; for the CDF Run 2b silicon detector. A total of 953 sensors, including 117 prototype sensors, have been produced and tested. Five sensors were irradiated with neutrons up to 1.4 x 10(14) n/cm(2) as a part of the sensor quality assurance program. The electrical and mechanical characteristics are found to be superior in all aspects and fulfill our specifications. We comment on charge-up susceptibility of the sensors that employ a <100> crystal structure. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taejon 702701, South Korea. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. PSPT, Kuopio, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Akimoto, T (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. EM hara@px.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1546 EP 1554 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832586 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600042 ER PT J AU Kleinfelder, S Chen, YD Kwiatkowski, K Shah, A AF Kleinfelder, S Chen, YD Kwiatkowski, K Shah, A TI High-speed CMOS image sensor circuits with in situ frame storage SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE active pixel sensor; CMOS; high-speed imaging; streak camera ID PIXEL SENSOR; NOISE AB Two CMOS image sensor circuit prototypes equipped with in situ frame-storage have been fabricated and tested. Capable of 4400 M-frames/s and between 66 and 79 dB rms dynamic range, these developments are intended for the capture of fast, brief, transient events with high resolution. Applications include accelerator-based flash radiography such as proton radiography [1]. The first is a small two-dimensional (2-D) prototype in which each pixel includes either a capacitive trans-impedance amplifier or a direct-integration source-follower front end, followed by an array of 64 frame storage sample capacitors and associated readout electronics. The acquisition of either 32 frames using correlated double sampling (CDS) at 4 M-frames/s, or 64 frames without CDS at up to 10.5 M-frames/s (-3 dB), and up to 13 b dynamic range was achieved. The second is a monolithic solid state "streak camera," a 1-D linear array of 150 photodiodes, with a 150-frame analog storage array. This device reached 400-M-frames/s operation with electrical test inputs, at least 100-M-frames/s operation with optical inputs, and achieves over 11 b of dynamic range. These circuits demonstrate the high performance possible with CMOS sensor circuits containing in situ frame storage. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kleinfelder, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM stuartk@uci.edu; krisk@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1648 EP 1656 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832584 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600058 ER PT J AU Jarman, KD Smith, LE Carlson, DK AF Jarman, KD Smith, LE Carlson, DK TI Sequential probability ratio test for long-term radiation monitoring SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE nuclear measurements and monitoring techniques; sensor networks and homeland security ID SURVEILLANCE AB Among the possible decision-making algorithms for sequentially-acquired radiation sensor data is the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT). The suitability of the SPRT for long-term monitoring applications is discussed, and the decision-making performance of the SPRT is compared to that of the commonly used single-interval test (SIT). The analysis spans a wide range of signal and background count rates so that results are applicable to sensors of all sizes operating in different ambient conditions, with a spectrum of alarm thresholds. It is demonstrated that, for these simulated long-term monitoring scenarios, decisions to issue an alarm when the measured count rate equals the threshold count rate are made 3-5 times faster using the SPRT than with the SIT. The ability of the SPRT to provide an "all-clear" indication and the need for SPRT truncation strategies to limit decision times when the measured count rate falls between background and the specified threshold are also discussed. Under an early termination scenario, it is shown that a truncated SPRT retains a higher probability of detection. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jarman, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kj@pnl.gov; eric.smitb@pnl.gov; dcarlson@pnl.gov RI Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011 OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1662 EP 1666 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832543 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600060 ER PT J AU Aryaeinejad, R Spencer, DF AF Aryaeinejad, R Spencer, DF TI Pocket dual neutron/gamma radiation detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE neutron and gamma ray; radiation detection AB A pocket radiation detection system has been developed at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory for homeland security applications. It can detect both neutrons and gamma rays instantaneously. This sensor has been designed with an emphasis on compactness, recognizing the widespread need for a radiation detection instrument that could provide both neutron and gamma-ray detection in a single, portable unit. It is very small, extremely sensitive, versatile, and easy to operate. It can detect gamma rays and neutrons in a radiation field as low as 10 muR/h above the ambient background, which makes it ideal for use in national security applications. The detection system is based on a technique of using a combination of two sensors made of lithium isotopes Li-6 and Li-7. It operates on one rechargeable Li-ion battery and is small enough to be put in a pocket or clipped to a belt. In this paper, the detection technique used in developing this prototype sensor as well as its performance will be presented. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Aryaeinejad, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rxa@inel.gov; spendf@inel.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1667 EP 1671 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832285 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600061 ER PT J AU Ely, JH Kouzes, RT Geelhood, BD Schweppe, JE Warner, RA AF Ely, JH Kouzes, RT Geelhood, BD Schweppe, JE Warner, RA TI Discrimination of naturally occurring radioactive material in plastic scintillator material SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE border security; NORM; plastic scintillator; radiation portal monitors AB Plastic scintillator material is used in many applications for the detection of gamma rays from radioactive material, primarily due to the sensitivity per unit cost compared to other detection materials. However, the resolution and lack of full-energy peaks in the plastic scintillator material prohibits detailed spectroscopy. Therefore, other materials such as doped sodium iodide are used for spectroscopic applications. The limited spectroscopic information can, however, be exploited in plastic scintillator materials to provide some discrimination. The discrimination between man-made and naturally occurring sources would be useful in reducing alarm screening for radiation detection applications that target man-made sources. The results of applying the limited energy information from plastic scintillator material for radiation portal monitors are discussed. C1 PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ely, JH (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.ely@pnl.gov; rkouzes@pnl.gov; bruce.geelhood@pnl.gov; john.schweppe@pnl.gov; ray.warner@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1672 EP 1676 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832286 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600062 ER PT J AU Moss, CE Goulding, CA Hollas, CL Myers, WL AF Moss, CE Goulding, CA Hollas, CL Myers, WL TI Neutron, detectors for active interrogation of highly enriched uranium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE active interrogation; bremsstrahlung; linear accelerators; neutron detectors; neutron generators ID CARGO INSPECTION; EXPLOSIVES DETECTION; SYSTEM; CONTAINERS AB We describe the results of our effort to optimize three neutron detector systems for active interrogation of highly enriched uranium: 1) a large-area detector for maximum absolute efficiency; 2) modular detectors for maximum flexibility in configuring a detector system for an application; and 3) a portable detector. All three systems contained He-3 tubes, polyethylene to moderate the neutrons, and cadmium to filter out room-return thermal neutrons. The back and sides of the detectors were shielded with additional polyethylene or borated polyethylene. The electronics gated off the data acquisition during the interrogating pulse, either bremsstrahlung photons from an electron linac or neutrons from a DT generator. The sensitivity of each detector system depends on the distance between the detector and nuclear material as well as on the intervening material. We present representative data for several configurations showing the performance of each system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmoss@lanl.gov; cgoulding@lanl.gov; chollas@lanl.gov; bmyers@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1677 EP 1681 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832992 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600063 ER PT J AU Nemzek, RJ Dreicer, JS Torney, DC Warnock, TT AF Nemzek, RJ Dreicer, JS Torney, DC Warnock, TT TI Distributed sensor networks for detection of mobile radioactive sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Nuclear-Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE Bayes procedures; coherent addition; counter-terrorism; signal detection and estimation; velocity measurement AB The ability to track illicit radioactive transport through an urban environment has obvious national security applications. This goal may be achieved by means of individual portal monitors, or by a network of distributed sensors. We have examined the distributed sensing problem by modeling a network of scintillation detectors measuring a Cesium-137 source. We examine signal-to-noise behavior that arises in the simple combination of data from networked radiation sensors. We find that, in the ideal. case, large increases in signal-to-noise compared to an individual detector can be achieved, even for a moving source. We also discuss statistical techniques for localizing and tracking single and multiple radioactive sources. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nemzek, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-4,MS-D448, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nemzek@lanl.gov; jdreicer@lanl.gov; dct@lanl.gov; ttw@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1693 EP 1700 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832582 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600066 ER PT J AU Womack, FN Goedeke, SM Bergeron, NP Hollerman, WA Allison, SW AF Womack, FN Goedeke, SM Bergeron, NP Hollerman, WA Allison, SW TI Measurement of triboluminescence and proton half brightness dose for ZnS : Mn SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE drop tower; half brightness dose; triboluminescence; ZnS : Mn AB Preliminary research has shown that triboluminescent (TL) phosphors show promise for use as the active element in impact sensors. For ZnS:Mn, preliminary results indicate that impact energies greater than 1.6 x 10(-2) J produced measurable TL light. A so-called "smart" structure with embedded TL material could be capable of determining whether a particle had struck, and record the relative intensity of its impact. In order to use such materials in space, we need to understand the radiation susceptibility of the TL phosphor. The corresponding proton dose required to reduce the proton-induced luminescence of ZnS:Mn to half of its initial value was found to be 9.02 x 10(13) mm(-2). This value will be used to help determine how incident protons affect the production of TL in ZnS:Mn. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Womack, FN (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Phys, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM goedekesm@ornl.gov; hollerman@louisiana.edu; allisonsm@ornl.gov RI Hollerman, William/F-5943-2011; OI Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1737 EP 1741 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832604 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600073 ER PT J AU Brau, JE Igonkina, OB Potter, CT Sinev, NB AF Brau, JE Igonkina, OB Potter, CT Sinev, NB TI Investigation of radiation damage in the SLD CCD vertex detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE charge-coupled devices; electromagnetic radiation effects; neutron radiation effects; radiation detectors; radiation effects; semiconductor device radiation effects; semiconductor radiation detectors; silicon radiation detectors; vertex detectors ID PARTICLE DETECTORS; SILICON AB Early in the operation of the SLD CCD vertex detector (VXD3) at the SLC, radiation damage to the CCDs was observed. It is well known that low-energy light particles (electrons and photons) are a few orders of magnitude less effective than heavy particles (neutrons or heavy charged particles) in the generation of radiation damage effects in silicon. The SLD environment was known to be dominated by electrons and photons with a small fraction of neutrons. The estimated radiation damage by these particles cannot account for the observed damage. Therefore, this damage is puzzling. A CCD-based detector is a leading option for vertex detection at the future linear collider (LC). A full understanding of background models in LCs and the associated damage is needed. Earlier results on neutron damage to an SLD CCD were reported at the 1999 IEEE NSS, and these new results complement our old results. In addition to tests on controlled exposures of individual CCDs, we have studied the nature of the traps produced in the SLD vertex detector to assess their origin-whether heavy or light particles. C1 Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brau, JE (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM jimbrau@faraday.uoregon.edu; olya@slac.stanford.edu; potter@graviton.uoregon.edu; sinev@slac.stanford.edu NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1742 EP 1746 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832965 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600074 ER PT J AU Bell, ZW Miller, MA Maya, L Brown, GM Sloop, FV AF Bell, ZW Miller, MA Maya, L Brown, GM Sloop, FV TI Boron-loaded silicone rubber scintillators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE boron-loaded scintillator; neutron; organic scintillator; silicone rubber; thermal neutron detection AB Silicone rubber has received attention as an alternative to polyvinyltoluene in applications in which the scintillator is exposed to high doses of radiation because of the increased resistance of the rubber to the formation of blue-absorbing color centers. Work by Bowen, et al, and Harmon, et aL, has demonstrated their properties under gamma/X-ray irradiation, and Bell, et aL have shown their response to thermal neutrons. This last work, however, provides an example of a silicone in which both the boron and the scintillator are contained in the rubber as solutes, a formulation which leads to the precipitation of solids and sublimation of the boron component. In the present work we describe a scintillator in which the boron is chemically bonded to the siloxane and so avoids the problem of precipitation and loss of boron to sublimation. Material containing up to 18% boron, by weight, was prepared, mounted on photomultipliers, and exposed to both neutron and gamma fluxes. Pulse height spectra showing the neutron and photon response were obtained, and although the light output was found to be much poorer than from samples in which boron was dissolved, the, higher boron concentrations enabled essentially 100% neutron absorption in only a few millimeters of rubber. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bell, ZW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bellzw@ornl.gov; millerma@y12.doe.gov; browngm1@ornl.gov; sloopfvjr@ornl.gov RI Sloop, Jr., Frederick/J-2301-2016; OI Sloop, Jr., Frederick/0000-0001-6473-9507; Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 4 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1773 EP 1776 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832600 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600079 ER PT J AU Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, J Wojnarowski, R Kapusta, C Kleinfelder, S Wilke, M AF Kwiatkowski, K Lyke, J Wojnarowski, R Kapusta, C Kleinfelder, S Wilke, M TI 3-D electronics interconnect for high-performance imaging detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE adaptive lithography; die stacking; fast imagers; HDI; polymer bump bonding; 3-D interconnect ID PROTON RADIOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS AB We describe work that extends three-dimensional (3-D) patterned overlay high-density interconnect (HDI) to high-performance imaging applications. The work was motivated by the rigorous requirements of the multiple-pulse imager for dynamic proton radiography. The optical imager has to provide large (>90%) optical fill factor, high quantum efficiency, 200-ns inter-frame time interval, and storage for >32 frames. In order to accommodate the massively parallel electronics including the signal storage for a large number of frames, it is necessary to provide novel 3-D interconnect and packaging architectures. Recently, a 3-D interconnect technology was successfully demonstrated to assemble a stack of 50 signal-processing chips into a cube. Each chip contained test connections (interconnect continuity only) simulating 166 channels of pixel read-out electronics. Test cube assemblies, based on these mock-up integrated circuits, have been fabricated to explore the feasibility of constructing functional cube arrays. A novel 3-D integrated sensor-electronics (mirror-cube) imager architecture is proposed. We also briefly review progress in the custom fast image-processing electronics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Gen Elect Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Kwiatkowski, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS H-803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM krisk@lanl.gov; james.lyke@kirtland.af.mil; stuartk@uci.edu; wilke@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1829 EP 1834 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832712 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600089 ER PT J AU Maravin, Y Anderson, J Angstadt, R Babukhadia, L Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Borcherding, F Connolly, B Cooke, M Desai, S Evans, D Grannis, P Grunendahl, S Hensel, C Hu, Y Jain, V Johnson, M Linn, S Lizarazo, J Martin, M Mutaf, Y Noding, C Olsen, J Ramirez-Gomez, R Rapisarda, S Stevenson, K Tomoto, M Vachon, B Wijnen, T Wilcer, N Wilson, G Xu, QC Yip, K AF Maravin, Y Anderson, J Angstadt, R Babukhadia, L Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Borcherding, F Connolly, B Cooke, M Desai, S Evans, D Grannis, P Grunendahl, S Hensel, C Hu, Y Jain, V Johnson, M Linn, S Lizarazo, J Martin, M Mutaf, Y Noding, C Olsen, J Ramirez-Gomez, R Rapisarda, S Stevenson, K Tomoto, M Vachon, B Wijnen, T Wilcer, N Wilson, G Xu, QC Yip, K TI First results from the central tracking trigger of the DO experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE data acquisition; field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); parallel scintillation detectors; triggering ID DETECTOR AB An overview of the DO Central Track Trigger (CTT) for the Tevatron Run 2 program is presented. This newly commissioned system uses information from the DO Central Fiber Tracker and Preshower Detectors to generate trigger information for the first level of the three-tiered DO Trigger. The system delivers tracking detector trigger decisions every 132 ns, based on input data flowing at a rate of 475 Gbit per second. Initial results indicate excellent performance of the CTT. First studies of efficiency and trigger performance of the CTT are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. No Illinois Univ, NICADD, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Rice Univ, TW Bonner Nucl Lab, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ De Los Andes, Dept Fis, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Maravin, Y (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM maravin@fnal.gov RI Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1848 EP 1851 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832623 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600092 ER PT J AU Ziegler, T Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KE Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Friedl, M Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Zontar AF Ziegler, T Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KE Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Friedl, M Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Zontar TI The Belle trigger system with the new silicon vertex detector SVD2 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE Belle; KEKB; silicon vertex detector (SVD); trigger; VAlTA AB During the summer shutdown of 2003, the new silicon vertex detector SVD2 was installed in Belle at the KEKB factory and started to take data in October 2003. It provides important improvements in the tracking capabilities and adds new trigger functionality. In addition, a new hardware trigger Level 1.5 was designed and installed that takes advantage of the digitized SVD hit data. The improvement in the Belle trigger system will be important to deal with the increasing luminosity and higher beam currents of the KEKB factory. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Niigata Univ, Niigata Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Grp, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Ibaraki 305080, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama 9330293, Japan. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Lab, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Austrian Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 1000039, Peoples R China. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. RIKEN, Brookhaven Natl Lab, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys Grp HP, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Polish Acad Sci, Henry Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata 9518151, Japan. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Ziegler, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015; OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036; Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1852 EP 1856 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832716 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600093 ER PT J AU Fiederle, M Fauler, A Konrath, J Babentsov, V Franc, J James, RB AF Fiederle, M Fauler, A Konrath, J Babentsov, V Franc, J James, RB TI Comparison of undoped and doped high resistivity CdTe and (Cd,Zn)Te detector crystals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging Conference/13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-and Gamma-Ray Dectectors/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems CY OCT 19-25, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE CdTe; CdZnTe; compensation mechanism; radiation detectors ID SEMIINSULATING CADMIUM TELLURIDE; RADIATION DETECTORS; DEFECT STRUCTURE; COMPENSATION AB CdTe and (Cd,Zn)Te crystals were grown to study the compensation mechanism and the influence on the transport properties. Undoped and doped crystals with Sn, In, and Ge were grown. The crystals showed resistivities up to 10(9) Omegacm and higher. The transport properties depended strongly on the dopant and the compensation mechanism. For the doping with a deep donor, the mobility-lifetime product of electrons were 2 x 10(-5) cm/V and 4 x 10(-4) M cm(2)/V for Ge and Sn doped, respectively. The highest values were obtained for In doped (Cd,Zn)Te with 3.3 x 10(-3) cm(2)/V. C1 Univ Freiburg, Freiburger Mat Forschungszentrum, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fiederle, M (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Freiburger Mat Forschungszentrum, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM Michael.Fiederle@fmf.uni-freiburg.de; rjames@bnl.gov RI Fiederle, Michael/B-9750-2013; Franc, Jan/C-3802-2017 OI Franc, Jan/0000-0002-9493-3973 NR 14 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1864 EP 1868 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832958 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KP UT WOS:000223391600096 ER PT J AU Li, Z Harkonen, J Chen, W Kierstead, J Luukka, P Tuominen, E Tuovinen, E Verbitskaya, E Eremin, V AF Li, Z Harkonen, J Chen, W Kierstead, J Luukka, P Tuominen, E Tuovinen, E Verbitskaya, E Eremin, V TI Radiation hardness of high resistivity magnetic Czochralski silicon detectors after gamma, neutron, and proton radiations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID JUNCTION DETECTORS; ROSE COLLABORATION; DAMAGE AB High resistivity magnetic Czochralski Si detectors were irradiated with Co-60 gamma rays, neutrons, and protons to various doses/fluences, along with control float zone Si detectors. 1) It has been found that for gamma radiation, magnetic Czochralski Si detectors behave similarly to the high-temperature, long-time (HTLT) oxygenated float zone Si detectors. There is no space charge sign inversion and there is a buildup of positive space charges. The rate for this buildup is much higher than that for the oxygenated Si detectors and is proportional to the oxygen concentration. 2) For neutron radiation, there is little difference between magnetic Czochralski and control float zone silicon detectors. Space charge sign inversion is observed for both materials. The introduction rate of deep acceptors (beta) for magnetic Czochralski Si detectors is slightly less than that for control float zone Si detectors, and 3) for proton radiation (10 and 20 MeV), although the space charge sign inversion is also observed for magnetic Czochralski Si detectors, the 1-MeV neutron-equivalent space charge sign inversion fluence is about three times higher than that of magnetic Czochralski Si detectors irradiated with neutrons. Also, the acceptor introduction rate beta is about half of that for oxygenated Si detectors. Thus, high resistivity magnetic Czochralski Si behaves in a similar manner to the HTLT oxygenated float zone Si detectors and is even more radiation resistant to damage caused by charged particles. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhengl@bnl.gov; Jaakko.haerkoenen@cern.ch; weichen@bnl.gov; Kierstead@bnl.gov; panja.luukka@cern.ch; Eija.Tuomineii@cern.ch; etuovine@cc.hut.fi; elea.verbitskaya@pop.ioffe.rssi.ru; Vladimir.Eremin@pop.loffe.rssi.ru RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; OI Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1901 EP 1908 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832685 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 847KT UT WOS:000223392000001 ER PT J AU Lee, KC Domier, CW Johnson, M Luhmann, NC AF Lee, KC Domier, CW Johnson, M Luhmann, NC TI FIR laser tangential interferometry/polarimetry on NSTX SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE density fluctuation measurement; far infrared laser; interferometer; polarimeter; Stark-tuned laser ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; TOKAMAK AB A tangential far infrared interferometer/polarimeter system has been upgraded for the measurement of two-dimensional electron density and toroidal magnetic field profiles on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The system employs a three-wavelength configuration that simultaneously produces interferometric phase shift and Faraday rotation polarimetric data from a single detector for each channel. Three CH3OH lasers (lambda = 119 mum) including Stark-tuned laser cavities are optically pumped by a CO2 laser tuned to 9.7 mum. For high time-resolution measurements, the modulation frequency in the heterodyne interferometer is operated at similar to7 MHz via the Stark-tuned laser, serving as the local oscillator in this system. Unwanted phase changes introduced by mechanical vibrations originating from various sources were eliminated by extensive work including a specially designed vibration-free stand for the retroreflector. The system is designed to have a full remote control capacity using the LABVIEW program via fiber links and real time signal processing circuits with a tracking receiver technique. A high IF frequency and a low noise fringe counting system enabled the system to measure wide-band density fluctuations such as microturbulence and magnetohydrodynamics. In this paper, a comparison study of the measured electron density with Thomson scattering data and para/diamagnetism effects measured via polarimetry signal and compared with the calculated value using the EFIT equilibrium code are presented. A recent upgrade plan together with the technical details of the system development will also be described. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lee, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kclee@pppl.gov; cwdomier@ucdavis.edu; mjohn@ucdavis.edu; ncluhmann@ucdavis.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1721 EP 1726 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.833386 PN 3 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863EY UT WOS:000224544900003 ER PT J AU Lu, N Chassin, DP AF Lu, N Chassin, DP TI A state-queueing model of thermostatically controlled appliances SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE demand-side management program; load control; load modeling; price responsive load; power distribution; state-queueing model; thermostatically controlled appliances AB This paper develops a state-queueing model to analyze the price response of aggregated loads consisting of thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs). Assuming a perfectly diversified load before the price response, we show that TCA setpoint changes in response to the market price will result in a redistribution of TCAs in on/off states and therefore change the probabilities for a unit to reside in each state. A randomly distributed load can be partially synchronized and the aggregated diversity lost. The loss of the load diversity can then create unexpected dynamics in the aggregated load profile. Raising issues such as restoring load diversity and damping the peak loads are also addressed in this paper. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov; David.Chassin@pnl.gov NR 13 TC 75 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 EI 1558-0679 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1666 EP 1673 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2004.831700 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 842AX UT WOS:000222975800050 ER PT J AU Seppanen, OA Fisk, WJ AF Seppanen, OA Fisk, WJ TI Summary of human responses to ventilation SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE ventilation; ventilation rate; HVAC-system SBS symptoms; productivity; sick leave; CO2; air-conditioning; infectious disease; cleanliness ID INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; HOUSE-DUST MITES; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; OFFICE ENVIRONMENT; AEROSOL FRACTION; SBS SYMPTOMS; HEALTH; POLLEN; POLLUTION AB It is known that ventilation is necessary to remove indoor-generated pollutants from indoor air or dilute their concentration to acceptable levels. But as the limit values of all pollutants are not known the exact determination of required ventilation rates based on pollutant concentrations is seldom possible. The selection of ventilation rates has to be based also on epidemiological research, laboratory and field experiments and experience. The existing literature indicates that ventilation has a significant impact on several important human outcomes including: (1) communicable respiratory illnesses; (2) sick building syndrome symptoms; (3) task performance and productivity, and (4) perceived air quality (PAQ) among occupants or sensory panels (5) respiratory allergies and asthma. In many studies, prevalence of sick building syndrome symptoms has also been associated with characteristics of HVAC-systems. Often the prevalence of SBS symptoms is higher in air-conditioned buildings than in naturally ventilated buildings. The evidence suggests that better hygiene, commissioning, operation and maintenance of air handling systems may be particularly important for reducing the negative effects of HVAC systems. Ventilation may also have harmful effects on indoor air quality and climate if not properly designed, installed, maintained and operated. Ventilation may bring indoors harmful substances or deteriorate indoor environment. Ventilation interacts also with the building envelope and may deteriorate the structures of the building. Ventilation changes the pressure differences across the structures of building and may cause or prevent infiltration of pollutants from structures or adjacent spaces. Ventilation is also in many cases used to control the thermal environment or humidity in buildings. The paper summarises the current knowledge on positive and negative effects of ventilation on health and other human responses. The focus is on office-type working environment and residential buildings. C1 Helsinki Univ Technol, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seppanen, OA (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, POB 4100, FIN-02015 Espoo, Finland. EM Olli.seppanen@hut.fi NR 81 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 58 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 SU 7 BP 102 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00279.x PG 17 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 850DF UT WOS:000223590700013 PM 15330778 ER PT J AU Thatcher, TL Wilson, DJ Wood, EE Craig, MJ Sextro, RG AF Thatcher, TL Wilson, DJ Wood, EE Craig, MJ Sextro, RG TI Pollutant dispersion in a large indoor space: Part 1 - Scaled experiments using a water-filled model with occupants and furniture SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE scaling rules; contaminant transport; indoor air quality; turbulence; laser-induced fluorescence ID FLOW VISUALIZATION; FLUID-MECHANICS; CONVECTION; LAYER; JETS AB Scale modeling is a useful tool for analyzing complex indoor spaces. Scale model experiments can reduce experimental costs, improve control of flow and temperature conditions, and provide a practical method for pretesting full-scale system modifications. However, changes in physical scale and working fluid (air or water) can complicate interpretation of the equivalent effects in the full-scale structure. This paper presents a detailed scaling analysis of a water tank experiment designed to model a large indoor space, and experimental results obtained with this model to assess the influence of furniture and people in the pollutant concentration field at breathing height. Theoretical calculations are derived for predicting the effects from losses of molecular diffusion, small scale eddies, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent mass diffusivity in a scale model, even without Reynolds number matching. Pollutant dispersion experiments were performed in a water-filled 30:1 scale model of a large room, using uranine dye injected continuously from a small point source. Pollutant concentrations were measured in a plane, using laser-induced fluorescence techniques, for three interior configurations: unobstructed, table-like obstructions, and table-like and figure-like obstructions. Concentrations within the measurement plane varied by more than an order of magnitude, even after the concentration field was fully developed. Objects in the model interior had a significant effect on both the concentration field and fluctuation intensity in the measurement plane. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Mech Engn, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Thatcher, TL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tlthatcher@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 258 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00242.x PG 14 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 832SY UT WOS:000222288600004 PM 15217479 ER PT J AU Finlayson, EU Gadgil, AJ Thatcher, TL Sextro, RG AF Finlayson, EU Gadgil, AJ Thatcher, TL Sextro, RG TI Pollutant dispersion in a large indoor space. Part 2: Computational fluid dynamics predictions and comparison with a scale model experiment for isothermal flow SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; experimental verification; Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes model; indoor pollutant dispersion ID GAS CONCENTRATIONS; ROOM; CONVECTION; TIME AB This paper reports on an investigation of the adequacy of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using a standard Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model, for predicting dispersion of neutrally buoyant gas in a large indoor space. We used CFD to predict pollutant (dye) concentration distribution in a water-filled scale model of an atrium with a continuous pollutant source in the absence of furniture and occupants. Predictions from the RANS formulation are comparable with an ensemble average of independent identical experiments. Model results were compared with pollutant concentration data in a horizontal plane from experiments in a scale model atrium. Predictions were made for steady-state (fully developed) and transient (developing) pollutant concentrations. Agreement between CFD predictions and ensemble averaged experimental measurements is quantified using the ratios of CFD-predicted and experimentally measured dye concentration at a large number of points in the measurement plane. Agreement is considered good if these ratios fall between 0.5 and 2.0 at all points in the plane. The standard k-epsilon two-equation turbulence model obtains this level of agreement and predicts pollutant arrival time to the measurement plane within a few seconds. These results suggest that this modeling approach is adequate for predicting isothermal pollutant transport in a large room with simple geometry. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Program, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eufinlayson@lbl.gov OI Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-6947 EI 1600-0668 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 272 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00243.x PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 832SY UT WOS:000222288600005 PM 15217480 ER PT J AU Lente, G Espenson, JH AF Lente, G Espenson, JH TI Unusual kinetic role of a water-soluble iron(III) porphyrin catalyst in the oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by hydrogen peroxide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; IRON TETRASULFOPHTHALOCYANINE; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; H2O2 OXIDATION; PHENOLS; COMPLEX; SYSTEM; PHTHALOCYANINES; HYDROPEROXIDES; 4-CHLOROPHENOL AB The oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) to 2,6-dichloro- 1,4-benzoquinone (DCQ) by hydrogen peroxide using iron(Ill) meso-tetra(4-sutfonatophenyl) porphine chloride, Fe(TPPS)Cl, as a catalyst was studied with stopped-flow UV-vis spectrophotometry and potentiometry using a chloride ion selective electrode. The observations are interpreted by a three-step kinetic model: the initial reaction of the catalyst with the oxidant (Fe(TPPS)(+) + H2O2--> Cat') produces an active intermediate, which oxidizes the substrate (Cat' + TCP --> Fe(TPPS)+ + DCQ + Cl-) in the second step. The third step is the transformation of the catalyst into a much less active form (Cat' --> Cat") and is responsible for the unusual kinetic phenomena observed in the system. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Debrecen, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM espenson@iastate.edu RI Lente, Gabor/H-3645-2011 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0538-8066 EI 1097-4601 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 8 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1002/kin.20018 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 838VF UT WOS:000222740700005 ER PT J AU Li, XY Barnum, H AF Li, XY Barnum, H TI Quatum authentication using entangled states SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE authentication; EPR pair; identification token; the Bell state measurement; reusable; security ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; BIT COMMITMENT; BELL THEOREM; CRYPTOGRAPHY; SECRET AB A quantum authentication scheme is presented in this paper. Two parties share Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs previously as the identification token. They create auxiliary EPR pairs to interact with the identification token. Then the authentications accomplished by a complete Bell state measurement. This scheme is proved to be secure. If no errors and eavesdroppers exist in the transmission, the identification token is unchanged after the authentication. So it can be reused. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Comp Technol, Key Lab Intelligent Informat Proc, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Comp Technol, Key Lab Intelligent Informat Proc, POB 2704, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM lxy@ict.ac.cn; barnum@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-0541 EI 1793-6373 J9 INT J FOUND COMPUT S JI Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 609 EP 617 DI 10.1142/S0129054104002649 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 899WL UT WOS:000227176400003 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Irrera, A Choi, MY Mulholland, GW Suo-Anttila, J Gritzo, LA AF Zhu, JY Irrera, A Choi, MY Mulholland, GW Suo-Anttila, J Gritzo, LA TI Measurement of light extinction constant of JP-8 soot in the visible and near-infrared spectrum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE soot; extinction constant; radiative properties; light extinction; two-wavelength pyrometry ID TURBULENT-DIFFUSION FLAMES; VOLUME FRACTION; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; TEMPERATURE AB The dimensionless extinction constant, K-e, was measured using the NIST large agglomerate optics facility (LAOF) for soot produced from JP-8 flames. Measurements were performed using light sources ranging from 632.8 to 1565 nm. These experiments represent the first measurement of dimensionless extinction constant for soot produced from JP-8 flames. The K-e values did not display significant spectral variations that were observed for pure fuels such as acetylene and ethene. The measured K-e values ranged from 9.75 to 9.95 in the wavelength range between 632.8 and 1565 nm. Measurements provide a more reliable value of K, for use in optical-based soot diagnostics for soot concentration and temperature measurement as well as for soot radiation analysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Technol R&D Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Technol R&D Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jzhu@anl.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 47 IS 17-18 BP 3643 EP 3648 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.04.013 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 838XM UT WOS:000222746700005 ER PT J AU Liu, DJ Kaun, TD Liao, HK Ahmed, S AF Liu, DJ Kaun, TD Liao, HK Ahmed, S TI Characterization of kilowatt-scale autothermal reformer for production of hydrogen from heavy hydrocarbons SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE autothermal reforming; kilowatt reactor; diesel; surrogate fuel; oxygen-to-carbon ratio; steam-to-carbon ratio AB Catalytic autothermal reforming is considered one of the most effective methods of producing hydrogen from heavy hydrocarbon fuels, such as diesel fuel, for fuel cell or emissions reduction applications. This article describes an investigation of the reactor characteristics and catalytic efficiency of a kilowatt-scale catalytic autothermal reformer currently being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. Dodecane and hexadecane were used individually as surrogates for diesel fuels to simply the reaction study and the interpretation of the test results. The reforming of these hydrocarbon fuels was examined at a variety of oxygen-to-carbon and steam-to-carbon ratios at gas hourly space velocities ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 h(-1). At steady state, the product composition correlated well with that calculated from thermodynamic equilibrium at a representative equivalent temperature. The oxygen-to-carbon ratio was determined to be the most significant operating parameter that influenced the reforming efficiency; the reforming efficiency (and the selectivity to COx) increased with increasing oxygen-to-carbon ratio up to about 0.42, at which value the maximum efficiency was attained. (C) 2003 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM liud@cmt.anl.gov NR 8 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1035 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2003.11.009 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 827SZ UT WOS:000221922400007 ER PT J AU Semelsberger, TA Brown, LF Borup, RL Inbody, MA AF Semelsberger, TA Brown, LF Borup, RL Inbody, MA TI Equilibrium products from autothermal processes for generating hydrogen-rich fuel-cell feeds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE autothermal systems; fuel-cell feeds; automotive fuel cells; hydrogen carriers ID THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; METHANOL; ETHANOL AB This work presents thermodynamic analyses of autothermal processes using five fuels-natural gas, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, and gasoline. Autothermal processes combine exothermic and endothermic reactions. The processes considered here couple endothermic steam reforming with exothermic oxidation to create hydrogen-rich fuel-cell feeds. Of the fuels treated here, methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl ether are pure compounds. Methane simulates natural gas and a mixture of 7% neopentane, 56% 2,4 dimethyl pentane, 7% cyclohexane, 30% ethyl benzene Simulates gasoline. In the computations, sufficient oxygen is fed so the energy generated by the oxidation exactly compensates the energy absorbed by the reforming reactions. The analyses calculate equilibrium product concentrations at temperatures from 300 to 1000 K, pressures from I to 5 atm, and water-fuel ratios from 1 to 9 times the stoichiometric value. The thermodynamic calculations in this work say that any of the five fuels, when processed autothermally, can give a product leading to a hydrogen-rich feed for fuel cells. The calculations also show that the oxygen-containing substances (methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl ether) require lower temperatures for effective processing than the non-oxygenated fuels (natural gas and gasoline). Lower reaction temperatures also promote products containing less carbon monoxide, a desirable effect. The presence of significant product CO mandates the choice of optimum conditions, not necessarily conditions that produce the maximum product hydrogen content. Using a simple optimum objective function shows that dimethyl ether has the greatest potential product content, followed by methanol, ethanol, gasoline, and natural gas. The calculations point the way toward rational choices of processes for producing fuel-cell feeds of the necessary quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, LF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663,Mail Stop J580, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 35 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2004 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1047 EP 1064 DI 10.1016/S0360-3199(03)00214-3 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 827SZ UT WOS:000221922400008 ER PT J AU Blain, MG Riter, LS Cruz, D Austin, DE Wu, GX Plass, WR Cooks, RG AF Blain, MG Riter, LS Cruz, D Austin, DE Wu, GX Plass, WR Cooks, RG TI Towards the hand-held mass spectrometer: design considerations, simulation, and fabrication of micrometer-scaled cylindrical ion traps SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE cylindrical ion trap; miniature mass spectrometer; microlabrication; fieldable analytical instruments; simulations of ion motion ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ARRAY; ANALYZERS; PROGRAM; SYSTEM AB Breakthrough improvements in simplicity and reductions in the size of mass spectrometers are needed for high-consequence fieldable applications, including error-free detection of chemical/biological warfare agents, medical diagnoses, and explosives and contraband discovery. These improvements are most likely to be realized with the reconceptualization of the mass spectrometer, rather than by incremental steps towards miniaturization. Microfabricated arrays of mass analyzers represent such a conceptual advance. A massively parallel array of micrometer-scaled mass analyzers on a chip has the potential to set the performance standard for hand-held sensors due to the inherit selectivity, sensitivity, and universal applicability of mass spectrometry as an analytical method. While the effort to develop a complete micro-MS system must include innovations in ultra-small- scale sample introduction, ion sources, mass analyzers, detectors, and vacuum and power subsystems, the first step towards radical miniaturization lies in the design, fabrication, and characterization of the mass analyzer itself. In this paper we discuss design considerations and results from simulations of ion trapping behavior for a micrometer scale cylindrical ion trap (CIT) mass analyzer (internal radius r(0) = 1mum). We also present a description of the design and microfabrication of a 0.25 cm 2 array of 10(6) one-micrometer CITs, including integrated ion detectors, constructed in tungsten on a silicon substrate. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Giessen, Phys Inst 2, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Blain, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM blainmg@sandia.gov; cooks@purdue.edu RI Cooks, R/G-1051-2015 OI Cooks, R/0000-0002-9581-9603 NR 51 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 236 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.06.011 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 849ZQ UT WOS:000223580800011 ER PT J AU Greiner, W Burvenich, TJ AF Greiner, W Burvenich, TJ TI Vacuum: Matter and antimatter SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Univ Fed Pernambuco, Olinda, BRAZIL SP CAPES, CLAF, CNPq, FINEP, FAPESP HO Univ Fed Pernambuco DE vacuum; QED; clusters of matter and antimatter; relativistic mean-field model ID NUCLEI AB In this manuscript we first present the vacuum for the e(+) - e(-) field of QED and show how it is modified for baryons in nuclear environment. Then we discuss the possibility of producing new types of nuclear systems by implanting an antibaryon into ordinary nuclei. The structure of nuclei containing one antiproton or antilambda is investigated within the framework of a relativistic mean-field model. Self-consistent calculations predict an enhanced binding and considerable compression in such systems as compared with normal nuclei. We present arguments that the life time of such nuclei with respect to the antibaryon annihilation might be long enough for their observation. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. EM greiner@th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de; tbuerven@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-2718 EI 1793-6594 J9 INT J MOD PHYS D JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. D PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 7 BP 1531 EP 1538 DI 10.1142/S0218271804005778 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 862IZ UT WOS:000224485500052 ER PT J AU Clayton, JD Bammann, DJ McDowell, DL AF Clayton, JD Bammann, DJ McDowell, DL TI Anholonomic configuration spaces and metric tensors in finite elastoplasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE elastoplasticity; incompatibility; configurations ID MULTIPLICATIVE ELASTOPLASTICITY; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; DEFORMATION PLASTICITY; CONTINUUM-MECHANICS; STRAIN; DISLOCATIONS; FORMULATION; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION; GEOMETRY AB Deformation mappings are considered that correspond to the motions of lattice defects, elastic stretch and rotation of the lattice, and initial defect distributions. Intermediate (i.e., relaxed) configuration spaces associated with these deformation maps are identified and then classified from the differential-geometric point of view. A fundamental issue is the proper selection of coordinate systems and metric tensors in these configurations when such configurations are classified as anholonomic. The particular choice of a global, external Cartesian coordinate system and corresponding covariant identity tensor as a metric on an intermediate configuration space is shown to be a constitutive assumption often made regardless of the existence of geometrically necessary crystal defects associated with the anholonomicity (i.e., the non-Euclidean nature) of the space. Since the metric tensor on the anholonomic configuration emerges necessarily in the definitions of scalar products, certain transpose maps, tensorial symmetry operations, and Jacobian invariants, its selection should not be trivialized. Several alternative (i.e., non-Euclidean) representations proposed in the literature for the metric tensor on anholonomic spaces are critically examined. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Sci Based Mat Modeling, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McDowell, DL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM david.mcdowell@me.gatech.edu RI Clayton, John/C-7760-2009 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/S0020-7462(03)00095-7 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 768LM UT WOS:000188544500015 ER PT J AU Wang, J Rich, PM Price, KP Kettle, WD AF Wang, J Rich, PM Price, KP Kettle, WD TI Relations between NDVI and tree productivity in the central Great Plains SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; GALLERY FOREST; UNITED-STATES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; KANSAS; TRANSPIRATION; USA; PRECIPITATION AB Remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a good measure of photosynthetic activity at landscape scales, and can be used to estimate productivity. Our research demonstrates strong relations between NDVI and ground-based measurements of productivity for forest trees in the central Great Plains. Standardized tree ring width, diameter increase and seed production all are strongly correlated with integrated NDVI of the same growing season. Tree height growth for a given year corresponds with integrated NDVI of the previous year, i.e. a one-year lag. Variation in foliage production, as measured by litterfall, generally corresponds with variation in NDVI, but not as distinctly as do other tree productivity measures. Although foliage production is best correlated with NDVI integrated over the entire growing season, most tree productivity measurements are best correlated with NDVI integrated over the early growing season. All tree productivity measures, except foliage production, are better related to NDVI averaged over an intermediate spatial scale (7x7 pixels, similar to50 km 2 ), rather than just local NDVI (1 pixel, 1.2 km 2 ). Overall, NDVI is an excellent predictor of annual tree productivity. C1 IFC Consulting Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, GISLab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Kansas Appl Remote Sensing Program, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), IFC Consulting Inc, 9300 Lee Highway, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. EM jwang@icfconsulting.com NR 34 TC 66 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 25 IS 16 BP 3127 EP 3138 DI 10.1080/0143116032000160499 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 829WV UT WOS:000222082800003 ER PT J AU Xiong, DM Sperling, J AF Xiong, DM Sperling, J TI Semiautomated matching for network database integration SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE automated network matching; interactive matching; conflation; road networks; vector data integration; GIS ID IMAGERY; MAP; SEARCH AB High-resolution imagery is now routinely utilized to acquire geometric and attribute data for road networks. Frequently, these data must be integrated with data from other sources to meet application requirements. A critical first step in this process of data integration is to identify the correspondences between networks, so that data can be merged or transferred from one network to another. This paper introduces a semiautomated method that combines an automated algorithm and an interactive procedure to match networks that are represented differently. The automated algorithm establishes robust correspondences for nodes, edges, and segments between two networks using a cluster-based matching mechanism. The interactive procedure allows a user to visually check and correct correspondences that are mismatched by the automated algorithm. Two matching examples are presented in the paper to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The results of these two matching examples illustrate that this semiautomated method is highly effective and can meet the needs of real-world applications. The automated algorithm is capable of generating reliable matching measures, resolving difficult matches, and in both cases, correctly identifying the overwhelming majority of the matching counterparts. The interactive procedure, on the other hand, is useful for checking and correcting mismatched counterparts during the early stage of the matching process, which significantly improves performance and reliability. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Knoxville, TN 37832 USA. US Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Off Policy Dev & Res, Washington, DC 20410 USA. RP Xiong, DM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Bldg NTRC,MS-6472,2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37832 USA. EM Xiongd@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 29 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 59 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2003.12.001 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 843WF UT WOS:000223116800004 ER PT J AU Daniels, EJ Carpenter, JA Duranceau, C Fisher, M Wheeler, C Winslow, G AF Daniels, EJ Carpenter, JA Duranceau, C Fisher, M Wheeler, C Winslow, G TI Sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling: R&D collaboration between industry and the US DOE SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Approximately 15 million cars and trucks reach the end of their useful life in the United States each year More than 75% of the materials from end-of-life vehicles are profitably recovered and recycled by the private sector; automotive materials recycling is a success story. To achieve greater fuel efficiency and safety, today's cars incorporate an increasing share of innovative light-weight materials. While these materials greatly enhance efficiency during vehicle use, they can present special challenges for recycling. These challenges will persist as automotive designs and the mix of materials used in vehicles continue evolving to further improve safety and performance. To meet the challenges of automotive materials recycling, the U.S. Department of Energy has recently expanded its collaborative research with industry in this area. This article discusses this collaborative government/industry approach to sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Ford Motor Co, Vehicle Recycling Partnership, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Amer Plast Council, Warren, MI USA. RP Daniels, EJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362,Room C393, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM edaniels@anl.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 8 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0177-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 843IF UT WOS:000223071200004 ER PT J AU Jody, BJ Pomykala, JA Daniels, EJ Greminger, JL AF Jody, BJ Pomykala, JA Daniels, EJ Greminger, JL TI A process to recover carbon fibers from polymer-matrix composites in end-of-life vehicles SO JOM LA English DT Article AB Because of their high strength-to-weight ratios, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composite (PMC) materials are being evaluated for use in the automotive industry. The major barriers to their widespread use are their relatively high cost and the uncertainty about whether they can be recycled. A process to recover carbon fibers from obsolete PMC materials has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The process was tested using PMC samples made with different thermoset or thermoplastic substrates. For most mixtures of PMCs, the process can be energy self-sufficient using the polymer substrate as an energy source. An evaluation of the recovered samples found that the fibers appear to have retained good properties and characteristics and are suitable for short fiber applications. This paper describes the process and the characteristics and properties of the recovered fibers. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jody, BJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bjody@anl.gov NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 15 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2004 VL 56 IS 8 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s11837-004-0181-8 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 843IF UT WOS:000223071200007 ER PT J AU Havey, CD Basile, F Mowry, C Voorhees, KJ AF Havey, CD Basile, F Mowry, C Voorhees, KJ TI Evaluation of a micro-fabricated pyrolyzer for the detection of Bacillus anthracis spores SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; pyrolyzer; spores; micro ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIPICOLINIC ACID; METHYLATION; BIOMARKER; HYDROLYSIS; SYSTEM AB A micro-fabricated device for pyrolysis (i.e. micro-pyrolyzer) has been evaluated for pyrolysis and thermal hydrolysis methylation using Bacillus anthracis spores. The micro-pyrolyzer consists of a silicon wafer substrate with either a circular (2.7 mm diameter) or square (6.25 mm(2) area) silicon-nitride membrane heated by a platinum resistive element. A metal housing (i.e. test fixture) encloses the micro-pyrolyzer and serves as a manifold for the air carrier gas. The test fixture was interfaced to a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer via a direct capillary (100 mum x 1.4 m). The 360-440degreesC pyrolysis of B. anthracis spores produced dipicolinic acid (DPA) similar to that from a furnace pyrolyzer. In further studies, B. anthracis spores subjected to thermal hydrolysis methylation conditions produced ions characteristic of dipicolinic acid dimethyl ester. Results demonstrate the micro-pyrolyzer devices are capable of temperatures and heating rates to perform pyrolysis and thermal hydrolysis methylation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Micro Analyt Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Voorhees, KJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kvoorhee@mines.edu NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD AUG PY 2004 VL 72 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2004.02.002 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 855YB UT WOS:000224009700007 ER PT J AU Adcock, PA Quillinan, A Clark, B Newman, OMG Adeloju, SB AF Adcock, PA Quillinan, A Clark, B Newman, OMG Adeloju, SB TI Measurement of polarization parameters impacting on electrodeposit morphology. II: conventional zinc electrowinning solutions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE additives; electrodeposit morphology; nucleation; overpotential; zinc ID CURRENT-DENSITY; ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION; METALS; ELECTROLYTE AB A new technique for measuring effects of polarization modifiers on nucleation potential and plating potential in polycrystalline electrodeposition was presented in Part I of this series (J. Appl. Electrochem. 32 ( 2002) 1101-1107). This paper presents the results of application of the proposed technique to conventional zinc electrowinning. Strong correlations are observed between deposit metallographic structure and the polarization characteristics. The results demonstrate that the new galvano-staircase method can be used to predict long-term (i.e. substrate-independent) deposit morphology, based on relatively rapid electrochemical measurements. With sufficient knowledge of the system, beneficial changes can be specified for additives, particularly long term averages. However even interactive, control on an hourly basis should be possible. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pasminco Smelter Tech Support, Boolaroo, NSW 2284, Australia. Monash Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Churchill, Vic 3842, Australia. Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Electrochem Res & Analyt Technol, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. RP Adcock, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-11,POB 1663,MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM palcadcock@hotmail.com RI Adeloju, Samuel/B-6397-2008 NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 34 IS 8 BP 771 EP 780 DI 10.1023/B:JACH.0000035604.53451.25 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 839WU UT WOS:000222816400002 ER PT J AU Whiteman, CD Pospichal, B Eisenbach, S Weihs, P Clements, CB Steinacker, R Mursch-Radlgruber, E Dorninger, M AF Whiteman, CD Pospichal, B Eisenbach, S Weihs, P Clements, CB Steinacker, R Mursch-Radlgruber, E Dorninger, M TI Inversion breakup in small Rocky Mountain and alpine basins SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER EVOLUTION; COLD-AIR-POOL; ENERGY BUDGET MICROCLIMATES; DEEP VALLEY RADIATION; TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS; CANYONLAND BASIN; COLUMBIA BASIN; WIND SYSTEMS; HEAT-BUDGET; SIMULATION AB Comparisons are made between the postsunrise breakup of temperature inversions in two similar closed basins in very different climate settings, one in the eastern Alps and one in the Rocky Mountains. The small, high-altitude, limestone sinkholes have both experienced extreme temperature minima below -50degreesC and both develop strong nighttime inversions. On undisturbed clear nights, temperature inversions reach to 120-m heights in both sinkholes but are much stronger in the drier Rocky Mountain basin ( 24 vs 13 K). Inversion destruction takes place 2.6-3 h after sunrise in these basins and is accomplished primarily by subsidence warming associated with the removal of air from the base of the inversion by the upslope flows that develop over heated sidewalls. A conceptual model of this destruction is presented, emphasizing the asymmetry of the boundary layer development around the basin and the effects of solar shading by the surrounding ridgeline. Differences in inversion strengths and postsunrise heating rates between the two basins are caused by differences in the surface energy budget, with drier soil and a higher sensible heat flux in the Rocky Mountain sinkhole. Inversions in the small basins break up more quickly following sunrise than for previously studied valleys. The pattern of inversion breakup in the non-snow-covered basins is the same as that reported in snow-covered Colorado valleys. The similar breakup patterns in valleys and basins suggest that along-valley wind systems play no role in the breakups, since the small basins have no along-valley wind system. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Vienna, Dept Meterorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria. Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci, Inst Meteorol & Phys, Vienna, Austria. Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Whiteman, CD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dave.whiteman@pnl.gov RI Pospichal, Bernhard/A-3639-2014 NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1069 EP 1082 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1069:IBISRM>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847DW UT WOS:000223373900001 ER PT J AU Whiteman, CD Haiden, T Pospichal, B Eisenbach, S Steinacker, R AF Whiteman, CD Haiden, T Pospichal, B Eisenbach, S Steinacker, R TI Minimum temperatures, diurnal temperature ranges, and temperature inversions in limestone sinkholes of different sizes and shapes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLD-AIR-POOL; HEAT-BUDGET; BASIN; MODEL; EVOLUTION AB Air temperature data from five enclosed limestone sinkholes of various sizes and shapes on the Hetzkogel Plateau near Lunz, Austria (1300 m MSL), have been analyzed to determine the effect of sinkhole geometry on temperature minima, diurnal temperature ranges, temperature inversion strengths, and vertical temperature gradients. Data were analyzed for a non-snow-covered October night and for a snow-covered December night when the temperature fell as low as -28.5degreesC. A surprising finding is that temperatures were similar in two sinkholes with very different drainage areas and depths. A three-layer model was used to show that the sky-view factor is the most important topographic parameter controlling cooling for basins in this size range in near-calm, clear-sky conditions and that the cooling slows when net longwave radiation at the floor of the sinkhole is nearly balanced by the ground heat flux. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Cent Inst Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria. RP Whiteman, CD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dave.whiteman@pnl.gov RI Pospichal, Bernhard/A-3639-2014 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1224 EP 1236 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<1224:MTDTRA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 847DW UT WOS:000223373900011 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Bourret-Courchesne, ED Wu, J Liliental-Weber, Z Zakharov, DN Jorgenson, RJ Ng, TB McCready, DE Williams, JR AF Johnson, MC Bourret-Courchesne, ED Wu, J Liliental-Weber, Z Zakharov, DN Jorgenson, RJ Ng, TB McCready, DE Williams, JR TI Effect of gallium nitride template layer strain on the growth of InxGa1-xN/GaN multiple quantum well light emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GAN; RELAXATION; FILMS; SUBSTRATE; EPITAXY; MOVPE AB GaN template layer strain effects on the growth of InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes devices were investigated. Seven-period InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures (MQW) were deposited on 5 and 15 mum GaN template layers. It was found that the electroluminescence emission of the 15 mum device was redshifted by approximately 132 meV. Triple-axis x-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy show that the 15 mum template layer device was virtually unstrained while the 5 mum layer experienced tensile strain. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiles show that the 15 mum template layer device had an average indium concentration of 11% higher than that of the 5 mum template layer device even though the MQW structures were deposited during the same growth run. It was also found that the 15 mum layer device had a higher average growth rate than the 5 mum template layer device. This difference in indium concentration and growth rate was due to changes in thermodynamic limitations caused by strain differences in the template layers. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oriol Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bourret-Courchesne, ED (reprint author), LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS2RO200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM edbourret@lbl.gov RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1381 EP 1386 DI 10.1063/1.1766407 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900015 ER PT J AU Bae, IT Ishimaru, M Hirotsu, Y Sickafus, KE AF Bae, IT Ishimaru, M Hirotsu, Y Sickafus, KE TI Solid phase epitaxy of amorphous silicon carbide: Ion fluence dependence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTATION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; SI AB We have investigated the effect of radiation damage and impurity concentration on solid phase epitaxial growth of amorphous silicon carbide (SiC) as well as microstructures of recrystallized layer using transmission electron microscopy. Single crystals of 6H-SiC with (0001) orientation were irradiated with 150 keV Xe ions to fluences of 10(15) and 10(16) /cm(2), followed by annealing at 890degreesC. Full epitaxial recrystallization took place in a specimen implanted with 10(15) Xe ions, while retardation of recrystallization was observed in a specimen implanted with 10(16) /cm(2) Xe ions. Atomic pair-distribution function analyses and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results suggested that the retardation of recrystallization of the 10(16) Xe/cm(2) implanted sample is attributed to the difference in amorphous structures between the 10(15) and 10(16) Xe/cm(2) implanted samples, i.e., more chemically disordered atomistic structure and higher Xe impurity concentration in the 10(16) Xe/cm(2) implanted sample. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bae, IT (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1451 EP 1457 DI 10.1063/1.1766093 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900026 ER PT J AU Ciovati, G AF Ciovati, G TI Effect of low-temperature baking on the radio-frequency properties of niobium superconducting cavities for particle accelerators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-RESISTANCE AB Radio-frequency superconducting (SRF) cavities are widely used to accelerate a charged particle beam in particle accelerators. The performance of SRF cavities made of bulk niobium has significantly improved over the last ten years and is approaching the theoretical limit for niobium. Nevertheless, RF tests of niobium cavities are still showing some "anomalous" losses that require a better understanding in order to reliably obtain better performance. These losses are characterized by a marked dependence of the surface resistance on the surface electromagnetic field and can be detected by measuring the quality factor of the resonator as a function of the peak surface field. A low-temperature (100-150degreesC) "in situ" bake under ultrahigh vacuum has been successfully applied as final preparation of niobium RF cavities by several laboratories over the last few years. The benefits reported consist mainly of an improvement of the cavity quality factor at low field and a recovery from "anomalous" losses (so-called "Q drop") without field emission at higher field. A series of experiments with a CEBAF single-cell cavity have been carried out at Jefferson Lab to carefully investigate the effect of baking at progressively higher temperatures for a fixed time on all the relevant material parameters. Measurements of the cavity quality factor in the temperature range 1.37-280 K and resonant frequency shift between 6-9.3 K provide information about the surface resistance, energy gap, penetration depth, and mean free path. The experimental data have been analyzed with the complete BCS theory of superconductivity. The hydrogen content of small niobium samples inserted in the cavity during its surface preparation was analyzed with nuclear reaction analysis. The single-cell cavity has been tested at three different temperatures before and after baking to gain some insight on thermal conductivity and Kapitza resistance and the data are compared with different models. This paper describes the results of these experiments and comments on existing models to explain the effect of baking on the performance of niobium RF cavities. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23609 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Ciovati, G (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23609 USA. EM gciovati@jlab.org NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1591 EP 1600 DI 10.1063/1.1767295 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900047 ER PT J AU Amy, F Wan, A Kahn, A Walker, FJ McKee, RA AF Amy, F Wan, A Kahn, A Walker, FJ McKee, RA TI Surface and interface chemical composition of thin epitaxial SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 films: Photoemission investigation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SRTIO3/SI(001) HETEROJUNCTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SILICON; SI AB In this work, we use SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 films (thickness <10 nm) epitaxially grown on Si(100) substrates, and x-ray and ultraviolet (UV) photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the effect of surface preparation on chemical and electronic film and interface properties. Depending on the surface treatment, e.g., ex situ UV generated ozone or annealing in oxygen or vacuum, the valence band maximum position shifts by more than 2 eV, whereas the oxide core levels shift by less than 0.6 eV. These findings indicate that extremely careful cleaning procedures must be applied, as surface composition and film morphology are of paramount importance in the determination of the electronic structure of the crystalline oxides. In addition, the interfaces between SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 and Si are shown to be unstable at annealing temperatures required to thoroughly clean and order the surface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Amy, F (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM famy@ee.princeton.edu OI Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1601 EP 1606 DI 10.1063/1.1765855 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900048 ER PT J AU Bai, FM Wang, NG Li, JF Viehland, D Gehring, PM Xu, GY Shirane, G AF Bai, FM Wang, NG Li, JF Viehland, D Gehring, PM Xu, GY Shirane, G TI X-ray and neutron diffraction investigations of the structural phase transformation sequence under electric field in 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.3PbTiO(3) crystal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION ROTATION AB The structural phase transformations of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.3PbTiO(3) (PMN-30%PT) have been studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron scattering as a function of temperature and electric field. We observe the phase transformational sequence (i) cubic (C)--> tetragonal (T)--> rhombohedral (R) in the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) condition; (ii) C-->T--> monoclinic (M-C)--> monoclinic (M-A) in the field-cooled (FC) condition; and (iii) R-->M-A-->M-C-->T with increasing field at fixed temperature beginning from the ZFC condition. Upon removal of the field, the M-A phase is stable at room temperature in the FC condition, and also in the ZFC condition with increasing field. Several subtleties of our findings are discussed based on results from thermal expansion and dielectric measurements, including (i) the stability of the M-A phase, (ii) a difference in lattice parameters between inside bulk and outside layer regions, and (iii) a difference in the phase transition temperature between XRD and dielectric data. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM fbai@vt.edu RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Bai, Feiming/K-5762-2013; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 24 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1620 EP 1627 DI 10.1063/1.1766087 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900051 ER PT J AU Amy, F Wan, AS Kahn, A Walker, FJ McKee, RA AF Amy, F Wan, AS Kahn, A Walker, FJ McKee, RA TI Band offsets at heterojunctions between SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 and Si(100) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CORE-LEVEL; SRTIO3/SI(001) HETEROJUNCTIONS; SEMICONDUCTOR INTERFACE; PRECISE DETERMINATION; SCHOTTKY-BARRIER; VALENCE; SILICON; SI; DIELECTRICS AB We use thin (similar to26 Angstrom) SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 films epitaxially grown on Si(100) substrates, and ultraviolet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy to investigate band discontinuities at the SrTiO3/Si and BaTiO3/Si heterojunctions. The treatment of the oxide film surface ranges from ex situ ultraviolet generated ozone to annealing in O-2 or ultrahigh vacuum. Depending on surface treatment, the valence band offset varies from 2.38 to 2.64 eV for SrTiO3/Si heterostructure and from 2.35 to 2.66 eV for BaTiO3/Si. These values imply that the conduction band minimum of the oxide is below that of the semiconductor, a situation referred to as negative conduction band offset. We demonstrate that the SrTiO3/Si and BaTiO3/Si interfaces undergo significant chemical changes during surface cleaning of the oxide film. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kahn, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kahn@ee.princeton.edu OI Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1635 EP 1639 DI 10.1063/1.1766417 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900053 ER PT J AU Sarkisov, GS Sasorov, PV Struve, KW McDaniel, DH AF Sarkisov, GS Sasorov, PV Struve, KW McDaniel, DH TI State of the metal core in nanosecond exploding wires and related phenomena SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; ELECTRICAL EXPLOSION; ENERGY DEPOSITION; INITIAL-STAGE; IMPLOSION; PLASMA AB Experiments show that an expanding metal wire core that results from a nanosecond electrical explosion in vacuum consists primarily of three different states: solid, microdrop, and gas-plasma. The state of the wire core depends both on the amount of energy deposited before the voltage breakdown and on the heating conditions. For small amounts of deposited energy (on the order of solid-stage enthalpy), the wire core remains in a solid state or is partially disintegrated. For a high level of deposited energy (more than vaporization energy) the wire core is in a gas-plasma state. For an intermediate level of deposited energy (more than melting but less than vaporization), the wire disintegrates into hot liquid microdrops or clusters of submicron size. For a wire core in the cluster state, interferometry demonstrates weak (or even absent) phaseshift. Light emission shows a "firework effect"-the long late-time radiation related to the emission by the expanding cylinder of hot microparticles. For the wire core in a gas-plasma state, interferometry demonstrates a large phaseshift and a fast reduction in light emission due to adiabatic cooling of the expanding wire core. The simulation of this firework effect agrees well with experimental data, assuming submicron size and a temperature approaching boiling for the expanded microparticles cylinder. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sarkisov, GS (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM gssarki@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 3 BP 1674 EP 1686 DI 10.1063/1.1767976 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 841NJ UT WOS:000222936900059 ER PT J AU Newsome, SD Phillips, DL Culleton, BJ Guilderson, TP Koch, PL AF Newsome, SD Phillips, DL Culleton, BJ Guilderson, TP Koch, PL TI Dietary reconstruction of an early to middle Holocene human population from the central California coast: insights from advanced stable isotope mixing models SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE human paleodiets; stable isotopes; isotope mixing models; California coast; Early Holocene ID INCORPORATING CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE; TERRESTRIAL PROTEIN; BONE-COLLAGEN; MARINE; RATIOS; ISLAND; SUBSISTENCE; SHELLFISH; NITROGEN; AMERICA AB The inherent sampling and preservational biases of the archaeological record make it difficult to quantify prehistoric human diets, especially in coastal settings, where populations had access to a wide range of marine and terrestrial food sources. In certain cases, geochemical proxies such as stable isotope ratios may be utilized to provide robust estimates on the relative proportions of various food resources consumed by prehistoric populations. The Harkins Slough archaeological site (SCR-60/130) is an early to middle Holocene coastal assemblage located on Monterey Bay in central CA. The carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) isotope composition of human burials and associated archaeofauna excavated from the site were measured for input into a concentration-dependent isotope mixing model that is able to statistically discriminate among multiple (>3) food sources. The human burials segregate into two distinct groups, an early (similar to7000 bp) and middle (similar to4500 bp) Holocene population with significant dietary differences. Stable isotope analyses indicate a 70-84% marine food source contribution for the early Holocene group (EHG), but only a 48-58% marine dietary contribution for the middle Holocene group (MHG). Results also suggest that pinnipeds were an important marine food source for both groups. Modeling results are in agreement with archaeological evidence from southern CA, suggesting that early Holocene coastal populations were highly dependent on marine resources, with the ability to procure both littoral and pelagic species. Further, the use of terrestrial plant sources likely increased over time, with the feasible contribution range doubling from the EHG (4-30%, mean 19%) to MHG (10-52%, mean 38%). This trend is supported by regional archaeological evidence for the advent of technological innovations linked to intensive terrestrial plant processing beginning in the middle Holocene. Methodologically, this work demonstrated the utility of a concentration-dependent stable isotope mixing model in an iterative framework to provide feasible ranges of dietary contribution when the number of food sources is too high to allow a unique solution. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Pacific Legacy Inc, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Newsome, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM snewsome@es.ucsc.edu RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 75 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1101 EP 1115 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2004.02.001 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 836DM UT WOS:000222535600006 ER PT J AU Resat, MBS Morgan, WF AF Resat, MBS Morgan, WF TI Radiation-induced genomic instability: A role for secreted soluble factors in communicating the radiation response to non-irradiated cells SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ionizing radiation; genomic instability; secreted factors ID ALPHA-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; IONIZING-RADIATION; IN-VIVO; UNIRRADIATED CELLS; EXPOSURE; RADIOTHERAPY; SURVIVAL; PLASMA AB Radiation induced genomic instability can be described as the increased rate of genomic alterations Occurring in the progeny of an irradiated cell. Its manifestations are the dynamic ongoing production of chromosomal rearrangements, mutations, gene amplifications, transformation, microsatellite instability, and/or cell killing. In this prospectus, we present the hypothesis that cellular exposure to ionizing radiation can result in the secretion of soluble factors by irradiated cells and/or their progeny, and that these factors can elicit responses in other cells thereby initiating and perpetuating ongoing genomic instability. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Radiat Oncol Res Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Morgan, WF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Radiat Oncol Res Lab, BRB 7-011,655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM WFMorgan@som.umaryland.edu NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1013 EP 1019 DI 10.1002/jcb.20149 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 842CV UT WOS:000222981500012 ER PT J AU Batista, ER Martin, RL Hay, PJ Peralta, JE Scuseria, GE AF Batista, ER Martin, RL Hay, PJ Peralta, JE Scuseria, GE TI Density functional investigations of the properties and thermochemistry of UF6 and UF5 using valence-electron and all-electron approaches SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; DOUGLAS-KROLL TRANSFORMATION; URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE; HARTREE-FOCK; CORRELATION-ENERGY; EXACT EXCHANGE; PLUTONIUM; ABINITIO; ACCURATE; MONOMER AB The structural properties and thermochemistry of UF6 and UF5 have been investigated using both Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (DFT) approximations. Within the latter approach, the local spin-density approximation, the generalized gradient approximation, and hybrid density functionals were considered. To describe the uranium atom we employed small-core (60 electrons) and large-core (78 electrons) relativistic effective core potentials (RECPs), as well as the all-electron approximation based on the two-component third-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian. For structural properties, we obtained very good agreement with experiment with DFT and both large and small-core RECPs. The best match with experiment is given by the hybrid functionals with the small-core RECP. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) was obtained from the relative energies of the fragments [UF6-->UF5+F], corrected for zero-point energy and spin-orbit interaction. Very good agreement was found between the BDE obtained from all-electron calculations and those calculated with the small-core RECP, while those from the large-core RECP are off by more than 50%. In order to obtain good agreement with experiment in the BDE it is imperative to work with hybrid density functionals and a small-core RECP. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Batista, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pjhay@lanl.gov RI Peralta, Juan/C-2631-2008; Peralta, Juan/C-3978-2008; Scuseria, Gustavo/F-6508-2011 OI Peralta, Juan/0000-0003-2849-8472; Peralta, Juan/0000-0003-2849-8472; NR 45 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 5 BP 2144 EP 2150 DI 10.1063/1.1768518 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 837ZT UT WOS:000222680900016 PM 15260768 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, RD Steele, WV TI High-energy components of "designer gasoline and designer diesel fuel" I. Heat capacities, enthalpy increments, vapor pressures, critical properties, and derived thermodynamic functions for bicyclopentyl between the T = (10 and 600) K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE bicyclopentyl; heat capacity; vapor pressure; critical properties; ideal-gas properties; enthalpy of fusion; triple-point temperature; phase transition ID VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; HYDROCARBONS AB Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous bicyclopentyl (Chemical Abstracts registry number [1636-39-1]) are reported. Experimental methods include adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, comparative ebulliometry, and differential-scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.). The critical temperature was determined by d.s.c. and the critical pressure and critical density were estimated. Standard molar entropies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation are reported at selected temperatures between T = (298.15 and 600) K. Formation properties were calculated with a literature value for the enthalpy of combustion in the liquid phase. All results are compared with available literature values. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Chem Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Thermodynam Res Ctr, Mailstop 838-000,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov; steelewv@ornl.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 36 IS 8 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2004.04.003 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 841CK UT WOS:000222906700002 ER PT J AU Bavykin, SG Lysov, YP Zakhariev, V Kelly, JJ Jackman, J Stahl, DA Cherni, A AF Bavykin, SG Lysov, YP Zakhariev, V Kelly, JJ Jackman, J Stahl, DA Cherni, A TI Use of 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, and gyrB gene sequence analysis to determine phylogenetic relationships of Bacillus cereus group microorganisms SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; ANTHRACIS STRAINS; GROUP BACTERIA; THURINGIENSIS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; DISCRIMINATION; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY AB In order to determine if variations in rRNA sequence could be used for discrimination of the members of the Bacillus cereus group, we analyzed 183 16S rRNA and 74 23S rRNA sequences for all species in the B. cereus group. We also analyzed 30 gyrB sequences for B. cereus group strains with published 16S rRNA sequences. Our findings indicated that the three most common species of the B. cereus group, B. cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus mycoides, were each heterogeneous in all three gene sequences, while all analyzed strains of Bacillus anthracis were found to be homogeneous. Based on analysis of 16S and 23S rRNA sequence variations, the microorganisms within the B. cereus group were divided into seven subgroups, Anthracis, Cereus A and B, Thuringiensis A and B, and Mycoides A and B, and these seven subgroups were further organized into two distinct clusters. This classification of the B. cereus group conflicts with current taxonomic groupings, which are based on phenotypic traits. The presence of B. cereus strains in six of the seven subgroups and the presence of B. thuringiensis strains in three of the subgroups do not support the proposed unification of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis into one species. Analysis of the available phenotypic data for the strains included in this study revealed phenotypic traits that may be characteristic of several of the subgroups. Finally, our results demonstrated that rRNA and gyrB sequences may be used for discriminating B. anthracis from other microorganisms in the B. cereus group. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, BioChip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. VA Engelhardt Mol Biol Inst, Moscow 117984, Russia. Loyola Univ, Dept Biol, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bavykin, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, BioChip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sbavykin@anl.gov OI Kelly, John/0000-0002-0894-137X NR 58 TC 80 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 42 IS 8 BP 3711 EP 3730 DI 10.1128/jcm.42.8.3711-3730.2004 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 846AH UT WOS:000223286500050 PM 15297521 ER PT J AU Weisbrod, N Niemet, MR Rockhold, ML McGinnis, T Selker, JS AF Weisbrod, N Niemet, MR Rockhold, ML McGinnis, T Selker, JS TI Migration of saline solutions in variably saturated porous media SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE interfacial tension; contact angle; saltwater; moisture content; film flow; capillary forces ID DEPENDENT SURFACE-TENSION; WATER-MOVEMENT; FRACTURE SURFACES; FILM FLOW; PHYSICS; SOILS; TRANSPORT; IMPACT; SAND AB Migration of concentrated NaNO3 solutions in homogeneous packs of pre-wetted silica sands was investigated using a light transmission system. Solutions of 5 molal NaNO3 were found to migrate downward 24-62% faster than pure water, in an unstable, fingered manner. This behavior was attributed primarily to a surface tension induced, non-zero apparent contact angle between the imbibing and the resident fluids. For saline solutions of similar surface tension to that of pure water (achieved by the addition of 2% methanol), the migration rates and plume shapes were comparable to that of water, demonstrating that density was not the primary source of the observed differences in migration patterns. At depths where resident saturation increased above residual, the migration process appeared to occur via film flow with slight changes in saturation (<4%), rather than in a series of abrupt jumps, as observed at shallower depths. A method for contact angle scaling was used to illustrate the effects of non-zero contact angles on capillary pressure-saturation curves. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Inst Water Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Hydrol & Microbiol, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. CH2M Hill Inc, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bioengn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Weisbrod, N (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Inst Water Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Hydrol & Microbiol, Sede Boquer Campus, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. EM weisbrod@bgumail.bgu.ac.il RI Weisbrod, Noam/A-9824-2011; OI Selker, John/0000-0001-9751-6094 NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 72 IS 1-4 BP 109 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2003.10.013 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 840UE UT WOS:000222884600006 PM 15240169 ER PT J AU Shin, WT Garanzuay, X Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C Gu, BH Mahinthakumar, GK AF Shin, WT Garanzuay, X Yiacoumi, S Tsouris, C Gu, BH Mahinthakumar, GK TI Kinetics of soil ozonation: an experimental and numerical investigation SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ozone; chemical oxidation; soil remediation; numerical modeling; soil organic matter ozonation ID UNSATURATED SOILS; OZONE; REMEDIATION AB This study investigates the use of ozone for soil remediation. Batch experiments, in which ozone-containing gas was continuously recycled through a soil bed, were conducted to quantify the rate of ozone self-decomposition and the rates of ozone interaction with soil organic and inorganic matter. Column experiments were conducted to measure ozone breakthrough from a soil column. Parameters such as ozone flow rate, soil mass, and ozonation time were varied in these experiments. After ozone concentration had reached steady state, the total organic carbon concentration was measured for all soil samples. The ozonation efficiency, represented by the ratio of soil organic matter consumed to the total ozone input, was quantified for each experiment. Numerical simulations were conducted to simulate experimentally obtained column breakthrough curves. Experimentally obtained kinetic rate constants were used in these simulations, and the results were in good agreement with experimental data. In contrast to previous studies in which soil inorganic matter was completely ignored, our experiments indicate that soil inorganic matter may also promote depletion of ozone, thus reducing the overall ozonation efficiency. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted to predict the efficacy of ozonation for soil remediation in the field. These simulations indicate that such ozonation can be very effective, provided that effective circulation of ozone is achieved through appropriately placed wells. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Environm Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mahinthakumar, GK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM gmkumar@eos.nesu.edu RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 72 IS 1-4 BP 227 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.conhyd.2003.11.003 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 840UE UT WOS:000222884600011 PM 15240174 ER PT J AU Banfi, A Salam, GP Zanderighi, G AF Banfi, A Salam, GP Zanderighi, G TI Resummed event shapes at hadron-hadron colliders SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD; NLO computations; jets; hadronic colliders ID QCD HARD SCATTERING; POWER CORRECTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; CLUSTERING-ALGORITHM; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; RESUMMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLISIONS AB This article introduces definitions for a number of new event shapes and jet-rates in hadron-hadron dijet production. They are designed so as to be measurable in practice at the Tevatron and the LHC, and to be global so that they can be resummed with currently available techniques. We explain how to vary their sensitivity to beam fragmentation, limiting its impact for purely perturbative studies, or deliberately enhancing it so as to focus on non-perturbative effects. Explicit next-to-leading logarithmic resummed results are presented, as obtained with CAESAR. C1 NIKHEF, Theory Grp, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Paris 06, LPTHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPTHE, Paris, France. CNRS, UMR 7589, Paris, France. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP NIKHEF, Theory Grp, POB 41882, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM andrea.banfi@nikhef.nl; salam@lpthe.jussieu.fr; zanderi@fnal.gov NR 92 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 IS 8 AR 062 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 860NL UT WOS:000224350200062 ER PT J AU Bern, Z Dixon, LJ Kosower, DA AF Bern, Z Dixon, LJ Kosower, DA TI Two-loop g -> gg splitting amplitudes in QCD SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE extended supersymmetry; QCD; NLO computations; deep inelastic scattering ID TO-LEADING ORDER; INELASTIC STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; SUPER-YANG-MILLS; LIGHT-LIKE LEGS; GAUGE-THEORIES; GLUON SCATTERING; LOOP AMPLITUDES; DIMENSIONAL REGULARIZATION; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; MASTER INTEGRALS AB Splitting amplitudes are universal functions governing the collinear behavior of scattering amplitudes for massless particles. We compute the two-loop g --> gg splitting amplitudes in QCD, N = 1, and N = 4 super Yang-Mills theories, which describe the limits of two-loop n-point amplitudes where two gluon momenta become parallel. They also represent an ingredient in a direct x-space computation of DGLAP evolution kernels at next-to-next-to-leading order. To obtain the splitting amplitudes, we use the unitarity sewing method. In contrast to the usual light-cone gauge treatment, our calculation does not rely on the principal-value or Mandelstam-Leibbrandt prescriptions, even though the loop integrals contain some of the denominators typically encountered in light-cone gauge. We reduce the integrals to a set of 13 master integrals using integration-by-parts and Lorentz invariance identities. The master integrals are computed with the aid of differential equations in the splitting momentum fraction z. The epsilon-poles of the splitting amplitudes are consistent with a formula due to Catani for the infrared singularities of two-loop scattering amplitudes. This consistency essentially provides an inductive proof of Catani's formula, as well as an ansatz for previously-unknown 1/epsilon pole terms having non-trivial color structure. Finite terms in the splitting amplitudes determine the collinear behavior of finite remainders in this formula. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Bern, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bern@physics.ucla.edu; lance@slac.stanford.edu; kosower@spht.saclay.cea.fr NR 128 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 IS 8 AR 012 PG 102 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 860NL UT WOS:000224350200012 ER PT J AU Brown, J Ganor, OJ Helfgott, C AF Brown, J Ganor, OJ Helfgott, C TI M-theory and E-10: billiards, branes, and imaginary roots SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE M-theory; string duality; models of quantum gravity ID KAC-MOODY ALGEBRAS; II STRING THEORY; U-DUALITY; P-BRANES; INTERSECTION RULES; LIE-ALGEBRAS; COSMOLOGICAL BILLIARDS; SUPERGRAVITY THEORIES; EISENSTEIN SERIES; MATRIX-THEORY AB Eleven dimensional supergravity compactifted on T-10 admits classical solutions describing what is known as billiard cosmology - a dynamics expressible as an abstract (billiard) ball moving in the 10-dimensional root space of the infinite dimensional Lie algebra E-10, occasionally bouncing off walls in that space. Unlike finite dimensional Lie algebras, E-10 has negative and zero norm roots, in addition to the positive norm roots. The walls above are related to physical fluxes that, in turn, are related to positive norm roots (called real roots) of E-10. We propose that zero and negative norm roots, called imaginary roots, are related to physical branes. Adding "matter" to the billiard cosmology corresponds to adding potential terms associated to imaginary roots. The, as yet, mysterious relation between E-10 and M-theory on T-10 can now be expanded as follows: real roots correspond to fluxes or instantons, and imaginary roots correspond to particles and branes (in the cases we checked). Interactions between fluxes and branes and between branes and branes are classified according to the inner product of the corresponding roots (again in the cases we checked). We conclude with a discussion of an effective hamiltonian description that captures some features of M-theory on T-10. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbrown@Math.Berkeley.edu; origa@socrates.berkeley.edu; helfgott@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 115 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 IS 8 AR 063 PG 55 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 860NL UT WOS:000224350200063 ER PT J AU Giryavets, A Kachru, S Tripathy, PK AF Giryavets, A Kachru, S Tripathy, PK TI On the taxonomy of flux vacua SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE F-theory; superstring vacua ID CALABI-YAU COMPACTIFICATIONS; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; STRING COMPACTIFICATIONS; IIB ORIENTIFOLD; SUPERGRAVITY; SUPERSTRINGS; MANIFOLDS; DUALITY; TORSION AB We investigate several predictions about the properties of IIB flux vacua on Calabi-Yau orientifolds, by constructing and characterizing a very large set of vacua in a specific example, an orientifold of the Calabi-Yau hypersurface in WP1,1,1,1,44. We find support for the prediction of Ashok and Douglas that the density of vacua on moduli space is governed by det (- R - omega) where R and omega are curvature and Kahler forms on the moduli space. The conifold point psi = 1 on moduli space therefore serves as an attractor, with a significant fraction of the flux vacua contained in a small neighborhood surrounding psi = 1. We also study the functional dependence of the number of flux vacua on the D3 charge in the fluxes, finding simple power law growth. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Giryavets, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM giryav@stanford.edu; skachru@stanford.edu; prasanta@theory.tifr.res.in NR 75 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2004 IS 8 AR 002 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 860NL UT WOS:000224350200002 ER PT J AU Lee, C Wu, CH Hoopes, JA AF Lee, C Wu, CH Hoopes, JA TI Automated sediment erosion testing system using digital Imaging SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID COHESIVE SEDIMENTS; BOTTOM SEDIMENTS; SHEAR-STRESS; IN-SITU; RESUSPENSION; FLOW; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; HARBOR AB Measurement of vertical profiles of the critical shear stress, tau(c), and the erosion rate, E, from the same undisturbed sediment core is crucial for modeling the resuspension of fine-grained natural sediments. The automated sediment erosion testing system (ASETS) was developed to determine profiles of tau(c) and E with centimeter spatial (vertical) resolution in an undisturbed (Shelby tube) sediment core, whose surface was eroded by steady turbulent flow through a flume. The unique feature of ASETS is that it is a real-time imaging method that accurately determines the position of the core surface during erosion for both calculating the vertical profile of E and controlling a motor-driver system that automatically pushes up the core to maintain its surface flush with the flume bottom. Undisturbed, field cores were tested over a range of flow (average bed shear stress, tau(b)) conditions. The amount of eroded sediment from both optical backscattering measurements and the imaging method were in good agreement, which validated ASETS. Measured vertical profiles of tau(c) and E were similar to those reported in literature. E correlated well with (tau(b)-tau(c))(2), which agrees with previous results in literature. C1 Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, 1100 Dexter Ave N,Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM LeeCheeg@battelle.org; chinwu@engr.wisc.edu; hoopes@engr.wisc.edu RI Wu, Chin/C-2042-2009 OI Wu, Chin/0000-0001-8393-1940 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2004 VL 130 IS 8 BP 771 EP 782 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:8(771) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 842JK UT WOS:000223000000005 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Qi, L Lee, M Lee, BI Samuels, WD Exarhos, GJ AF Sun, Y Qi, L Lee, M Lee, BI Samuels, WD Exarhos, GJ TI Photo luminescent properties of Y2O3 : Eu3+ phosphors prepared via urea precipitation in non-aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE photoluminescence; europiurn-doped Y2O3; phosphor; urea; precipitation ID PARTICLES; PRECURSOR AB Europium-doped yttrium oxide phosphors were obtained by firing precursors prepared by urea precipitation in ethanol and ethylenediamine. The precipitation in non-aqueous solution was carried out in an autoclave at 150degreesC to allow the decomposition of urea. The photoluminescent intensities of the phosphors prepared in ethanol and ethylenediamine increased by about 30% compared to that of the phosphor prepared by the conventional urea homogeneous precipitation in aqueous solution. Amorphous carbonates and amorphous hydroxides/carbonates mixtures were identified as precursors from ethanol and ethylenediamine, respectively. The morphology and particle size were studied by SEM and dynamic laser scattering method. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Olin Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM burt.lee@ces.clemson.edu NR 11 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 109 IS 2 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.01.085 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 835LR UT WOS:000222485300004 ER PT J AU Christmann, A Steinwart, I AF Christmann, A Steinwart, I TI On robustness properties of convex risk minimization methods for pattern recognition SO JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AdaBoost loss function; influence function; kernel logistic regression; robustness; sensitivity curve; statistical learning; support vector machine; total variation ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; SQUARES; DEPTH AB The paper brings together methods from two disciplines: machine learning theory and robust statistics. We argue that robustness is an important aspect and we show that many existing machine learning methods based on the convex risk minimization principle have besides other good properties also the advantage of being robust. Robustness properties of machine learning methods based on convex risk minimization are investigated for the problem of pattern recognition. Assumptions are given for the existence of the influence function of the classifiers and for bounds on the influence function. Kernel logistic regression, support vector machines, least squares and the AdaBoost loss function are treated as special cases. Some results on the robustness of such methods are also obtained for the sensitivity curve and the maxbias, which are two other robustness criteria. A sensitivity analysis of the support vector machine is given. C1 Univ Dortmund, Dept Stat, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Christmann, A (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, Dept Stat, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM CHRISTMANN@STATISTIK.UNI-DORTMUND.DE; INGO@LANL.GOV NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU MICROTOME PUBLISHING PI BROOKLINE PA 31 GIBBS STREET, BROOKLINE, MA 02446 USA SN 1532-4435 J9 J MACH LEARN RES JI J. Mach. Learn. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 5 BP 1007 EP 1034 PG 28 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 026GS UT WOS:000236328000006 ER PT J AU Srinath, S Vavassori, P Rekveldt, MT Cook, RE Felcher, GP AF Srinath, S Vavassori, P Rekveldt, MT Cook, RE Felcher, GP TI Magnetization reversal in an obliquely oriented metal evaporated tape SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED-NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; RECORDING CHARACTERISTICS; THIN-FILMS; ME TAPE; ANISOTROPY; SURFACE; SINGLE AB Magnetization reversal in obliquely oriented metal evaporated videotapes as a function of the tape depth was studied by vector magneto-optic Kerr effect and polarized neutron reflectivity. The magnetization vector was found to rotate coherently out-of-plane by an angle a during the magnetization reversal for a substantial part of the hysteresis cycle. However a differs between the surface-facing and the substrate-facing sides of the film, with the more oxidized surface layer following closely the applied field. Close to M approximate to 0 the film breaks down magnetically into a collage of small domains, reflecting the crystalline microstructure of the material. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tech Univ Delft, Interfac Reactor Inst, Delft, Netherlands. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, Natl Res Ctr NanoStruct & Biosyst Surfaces S3, INFM, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RP Srinath, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, B-217,Bldg 223, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM srinaths10@yahoo.com RI Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 279 IS 2-3 BP 440 EP 447 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.02.014 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 843XB UT WOS:000223119200038 ER PT J AU Geyer, R Peacock, AD White, DC Lytle, C Van Berkel, GJ AF Geyer, R Peacock, AD White, DC Lytle, C Van Berkel, GJ TI Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization for simultaneous mass spectrometric analysis of microbial respiratory ubiquinones and menaquinones SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric pressure photoionization; atmospheric pressure chemical ionization; ubiquinone; menaquinone; tandem mass spectrometry ID ISOPRENOID QUINONES; ENVIRONMENT AB An atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source were compared for the selective detection of microbial respiratory ubiquinone and menaquinone isoprenologues using tandem mass spectrometry. Ionization source- and compound mass-dependent parameters were optimized individually for both sources, using the available quinone standards. Detection levels for the two ion sources were determined with ubiquinone-6 (UQ(6)) and menaquinone-4 (MK4, vitamin K-2) standards using flow injection analysis and selected reaction monitoring (SRM). With APPI the calculated lower limit of detection (LLOD) was 1.7 fmol mul(-1) for UQ(6) and 2.2 fmol mul(-1) for MK4 at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. These LLODs were at least three times lower than with APCI. The selectivity of detection afforded by SRM detection reduced complex mixture analysis to 3 min per sample by eliminating the need for chromatographic separations. The detection method was successfully applied to quinone quantification in a variety of environmental samples and cell cultures. Adequate amounts of respiratory quinones can be extracted and quantified from samples containing as low as 2 X 10(7) cells. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Groundwater Microbiol Grp, D-06120 Halle An Der Saale, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Thermo Electron Corp, W Palm Beach, FL 33407 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Geyer, R (reprint author), UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Groundwater Microbiol Grp, D-06120 Halle An Der Saale, Germany. EM roland.geyer@ufz.de RI Geyer, Roland/F-8772-2015 OI Geyer, Roland/0000-0002-4551-3753 NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 39 IS 8 BP 922 EP 929 DI 10.1002/jms.670 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 846YG UT WOS:000223354900008 PM 15329844 ER PT J AU Oyen, ML Cook, RF Emerson, JA Moody, NR AF Oyen, ML Cook, RF Emerson, JA Moody, NR TI Indentation responses of time-dependent films on stiff substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPTH-SENSING INDENTATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; NANOINDENTATION; LOAD; BEHAVIOR; HARDNESS; COATINGS AB A viscous-elastic-plastic indentation model was extended to a thin-film system, including the effect of stiffening due to a substrate of greater modulus. The system model includes a total of five material parameters: three for the film response (modulus, hardness, and time constant), one for the substrate response (modulus), and one representing the length-scale associated with the film-substrate interface. The substrate influence is incorporated into the elastic response of the film through a depth-weighted elastic modulus (based on a series sum of film and substrate contributions). Constant loading- and unloading-rate depth-sensing indentation tests were performed on polymer films on glass or metal substrates. Evidence of substrate influence was examined by normalization of the load-displacement traces. Comparisons were made between the model and experiments for indentation tests at different peak load levels and with varying degrees of substrate influence. A single set of five parameters was sufficient to characterize and predict the experimental load-displacement data over a large range of peak load levels and corresponding degrees of substrate influence. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biophys Sci & Med Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Oyen, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biophys Sci & Med Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM MichelleLOyen@aol.com RI Oyen, Michelle/B-1600-2008; OI Oyen, Michelle/0000-0002-3428-748X NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 8 BP 2487 EP 2497 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0308 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 843HB UT WOS:000223068100038 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF AF Zhang, XF TI Aluminum-containing intergranular phases in hot-pressed silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; HEAT-TREATMENT; ADDITIONS; AL; BEHAVIOR; FATIGUE; MULLITE; CREEP; SPECTROSCOPY; SEGREGATION AB Using transmission electron microscopy, we studied aluminum-containing intergranular phases and secondary-phase particles at triple-junctions in SiC (hot-pressed with aluminum, boron, and carbon additions). This study of statistical high-resolution electron microscopy of intergranular films indicated that a large fraction of the vitreous intergranular films (in the as-hot-pressed SiC) crystallized during post-annealing in argon above 1000 degreesC. However, brief heating to 1900 degreesC indeed re-melted 25% of the crystallized intergranular films. The structural transitions were reflected in the statistical width distributions of the amorphous grain-boundary layers. At triple-junctions, Al2O3, Al2OC-SiC solid solution, and mullite phases were newly identified. These phases, together with others reported before, are represented in a quaternary phase diagram for 1900 degreesC. It is proposed that a SiC-Al2OC liquid domain should be included in this phase diagram. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xfzhang@lbl.gov NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 19 IS 8 BP 2510 EP 2516 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0320 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 843HB UT WOS:000223068100041 ER PT J AU Woolman, JN Petrovic, JJ Munir, ZA AF Woolman, JN Petrovic, JJ Munir, ZA TI Microalloying of molybdenum disilicide with magnesium through mechanical and field activation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Alloying CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL Braunschweig, GERMANY ID MOSI2; DUCTILITY AB Utilizing a two-step method of mechanical and field activation, the heretofore-unachieved goal of incorporating Mg on the Si sub-lattice Of MoSi2 was successfully demonstrated. Mechanical activation was done through high-energy ball milling and field activation was achieved through the use of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The incorporation of Mg was verified by a variety of techniques including XRD, SEM, and EDS. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Munir, ZA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zamunir@ucdavis.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG-SEP PY 2004 VL 39 IS 16-17 BP 5037 EP 5043 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000039182.47119.a4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 865AV UT WOS:000224675800010 ER PT J AU Gu, Z Edgar, JH Pomeroy, J Kuball, M Coffey, DW AF Gu, Z Edgar, JH Pomeroy, J Kuball, M Coffey, DW TI Crystal growth and properties of scandium nitride SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETRON SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; SCN; MICROSTRUCTURE; EVOLUTION; FILMS AB ScN crystals were grown on tungsten foil by sublimation-recondensation method in the temperature range of 1840-2060degreesC, pressure range of 15-230 Torr under a nitrogen atmosphere. The growth rate increased exponentially with temperature with activation energy of 456.0 KJ/mol, and it was inversely proportional to pressure. The maximum growth rate was 79.292 mg/h at 2060degreesC under 25 Torr. Characterization methods confirmed the rock salt crystal structure with a lattice constant of 4.5005 Angstrom. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, Z (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guzheng@ksu.edu NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 15 IS 8 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1023/B:JMSE.0000032591.54107.2c PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 831QZ UT WOS:000222212500010 ER PT J AU Czaplewski, DA Ilic, BR Zalalutdinov, M Olbricht, WL Zehnder, AT Craighead, HG Michalske, TA AF Czaplewski, DA Ilic, BR Zalalutdinov, M Olbricht, WL Zehnder, AT Craighead, HG Michalske, TA TI A micromechanical flow sensor for microfluidic applications SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LIFT FORCE; SILICON; MEMS AB We fabricated a microfluidic flow meter and measured its response to fluid flow in a microfluidic channel. The flow meter consisted of a micromechanical plate, coupled to a laser deflection system to measure the deflection of the plate during fluid flow. The 100 mum square plate was clamped on three sides and elevated 3 mum above the bottom surface of the channel. The response of the flow meter was measured for flow rates, ranging from 2.1 to 41.7 muL/min. Several fluids, with dynamic viscosities ranging from 0.8 to 4.5 x 10(-3) N/m, were flowed through the channels. Flow was established in the microfluidic channel by means of a syringe pump, and the angular deflection of the plate monitored. The response of the plate to flow of a fluid with a viscosity of 4.5 X 10(-3) N/m was linear for all flow rates, while the plate responded linearly to flow rates less than 4.2 muL/min of solutions with lower dynamic viscosities. The sensitivity of the deflection of the plate to fluid flow was 12.5 +/- 0.2 murad/(muL/min), for a fluid with a viscosity of 4.5 x 10(-3) N/m. The encapsulated plate provided local flow information along the length of a microfluidic channel. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Czaplewski, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Semicond Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM daczapl@sandia.gov RI Zehnder, Alan/E-7458-2012; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 576 EP 585 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2004.832179 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 844SN UT WOS:000223180200004 ER PT J AU Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR AF Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR TI An improved Reynolds-equation model for gas damping of microbeam motion SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC); gas damping; microbeam; modeling; Navier-Stokes; Reynolds equation (RE); SUMMiT V ID SILICON ACCELEROMETER; SIMULATION-MODEL; FILM; SENSOR AB An improved gas-damping model for the out-of-plane motion of a near-substrate microbeam is developed based on the Reynolds equation (RE). A boundary condition for the RE is developed that relates the pressure at the beam edge to the beam motion. The coefficients in this boundary condition are determined from Navier-Stokes slip-jump (NSSJ) simulations for small slip lengths (relative to the gap height) and from direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) molecular gas dynamics simulations for larger slip lengths. This boundary condition significantly improves the accuracy of the RE when the microbeam width is only slightly greater than the gap height between the microbeam and the substrate. The improved RE model is applied to microbeams fabricated using the SUMMiT V process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrtorcz@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2004.832194 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 844SN UT WOS:000223180200013 ER PT J AU Johansson, GA Khanna, SM Nair, A Mannstrom, P Denbeaux, G Ulfendahl, M AF Johansson, GA Khanna, SM Nair, A Mannstrom, P Denbeaux, G Ulfendahl, M TI Exploring the use of soft X-ray microscopy for imaging subcellular structures of the inner ear SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE hair cell; inner ear; Reissner's membrane; soft X-ray microscopy; tectorial membrane ID OUTER HAIR-CELLS; TECTORIAL MEMBRANE; RESOLUTION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MICROTUBULES; ACTIN; ORGAN; CORTI AB The soft X-ray microscope at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was developed for visualization of biological tissue. Soft X-ray microscopy provides high-resolution visualization of hydrated, non-embedded and non-sectioned cells and is thus potentially an alternative to transmission electron microscopy. Here we show for the first time soft X-ray micrographs of structures isolated from the guinea-pig inner ear. Sensory outer hair cells and supporting pillar cells are readily visualized. In the hair cells, individual stereocilia can easily be identified within the apical hair bundle. The underlying cuticular plate is, however, too densely composed or too thick to be clearly visualized, and thus appears very dark. The cytoplasmic structures protruding from the cuticular plates as well as the fibrillar material surrounding and projecting from the cell nuclei can be seen. In the pillar cells the images reveal individual microtubule bundles. Soft X-ray images of the acellular tectorial membrane and thin two-layered Reissner's membrane display a level of resolution comparable to low-power electron microscopy. C1 Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Ctr Hearing & Commun Res, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Columbia Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ulfendahl, M (reprint author), Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Ctr Hearing & Commun Res, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. EM mats.ulfendahl@cfh.ki.se NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 215 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01363.x PN 2 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 840YX UT WOS:000222897600012 PM 15315507 ER PT J AU Yu, W Choi, SUS AF Yu, W Choi, SUS TI The role of interfacial layers in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids: A renovated Hamilton-Crosser model SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thermal conductivity; nanofluids; solid/liquid suspensions; solid/ liquid interfacial layers; colloids AB We previously developed a renovated Maxwell model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids and determined that the solid/liquid interfacial layers play an important role in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids. However, this renovated Maxwell model is limited to suspensions with spherical particles. Here, we extend the Hamilton-Crosser model for suspensions of nonspherical particles to include the effect of a solid/liquid interface. The solid/liquid interface is described as a confocal ellipsoid with a solid particle. The new model for the three-phase suspensions is mathematically expressed in terms of the equivalent thermal conductivity and equivalent volume fraction of anisotropic complex ellipsoids, as well as an empirical shape factor. With a generalized empirical shape factor, the renovated Hamilton-Crosser model correctly predicts the magnitude of the thermal conductivity of nanotube-in-oil nanofluids. At present, this new model is not able to predict the nonlinear behavior of the nanofluid thermal conductivity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Choi, SUS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM choi@anl.gov NR 10 TC 200 Z9 206 U1 3 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s11051-004-2601-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 867QJ UT WOS:000224856800002 ER PT J AU Jacobs, OA Recksiek, FP Lin, X Pena, LA AF Jacobs, OA Recksiek, FP Lin, X Pena, LA TI Inhibition of P53-independent radiation toxicity in CG-4 glial progenitors by FGF-2 and synthetic FGF analogs SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Transactions-of-the-American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 14-18, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Transact Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 SU 1 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 852NB UT WOS:000223760900032 ER PT J AU Pareto, D Pearlstein, RD Moldovan, M Biegon, A AF Pareto, D Pearlstein, RD Moldovan, M Biegon, A TI Region-selective increases in PK11195 binding following hemi-brain irradiation: a quantitative autoradiographic study SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Transactions-of-the-American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 14-18, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Transact Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Loma Linda Univ, Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 SU 1 BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 852NB UT WOS:000223760900138 ER PT J AU Zand, R Kirn, JK Camp, DG Udseth, H Smith, RD AF Zand, R Kirn, JK Camp, DG Udseth, H Smith, RD TI Abstract title post-translational modifications in chicken MBP analyzed with LC/MS/MS SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Transactions-of-the-American-Society-for-Neurochemistry CY AUG 14-18, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Transact Amer Soc Neurochem C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Biol Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 90 SU 1 BP 74 EP 74 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 852NB UT WOS:000223760900263 ER PT J AU Woskov, PP Sundaram, SK Daniel, WE Miller, D AF Woskov, PP Sundaram, SK Daniel, WE Miller, D TI Molten salt dynamics in glass melts using millimeter-wave emissivity measurements SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article AB A novel application of millimeter-wave radiometry has been made for the first time to non-contact detection and monitoring of molten salt layer formation on a nuclear waste glass melt (without the nuclear waste) in a joule-heated melter, which could eventually be implemented for on-line monitoring in nuclear waste vitrification facilities. The experiments were carried out at a frequency of 137 GHz in the EV-16 melter at Clemson Environmental Technology Laboratory (CETL) with 245 lbs. (111kG) of glass and a total of 4.2 lbs. (1.9 kG) of added salt. The dynamics of salt layer build up were observed from the initial formation of small drops of about 5 mm diameter or less to larger pools >28 mm cross-section that were coincident with the increase in millimeter-wave surface level fluctuations causing the salt to flow back and forth until a continuous layer was formed. The millimeterwave emissivity at 137 GHz of DWPF black frit glass melt and molten sodium sulfate salt at 950 degreesC was determined to be 0.64 +/- 0.05 and 0.44 +/- 0.05, respectively. Published by Elsevier BV. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Plasma Technol Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Woskov, PP (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Plasma Technol Div, 77 Massachusetts Ave,NW16-110, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ppwoskov@mit.edu NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 341 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.05.009 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 849FQ UT WOS:000223524500004 ER PT J AU Reibold, RA Poco, JF Baumann, TF Simpson, RL Satcher, JH AF Reibold, RA Poco, JF Baumann, TF Simpson, RL Satcher, JH TI Synthesis and characterization of a nanocrystalline thoria aerogel SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE; COMBUSTION; CARBONATE; POWDERS AB We report the synthesis and characterization for the first example of a low-density nanocrystalline thoria aerogel. The monolithic aerogels were prepared through the sol-gel polymerization of hydrated thorium nitrate in ethanol using ammonium hydroxide and propylene oxide as gelation initiators. The dried ThO2 aerogel was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses. The aerogel network was determined to be composed of spherical primary particles with features in the 5-20 nm range. These particles were also determined to be highly crystalline as evidenced by the higher magnification TEM examination. The thoria aerogel possesses high surface area (120 m(2)/g) and pore diameters in the micro- and mesoporous range. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Satcher, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-092, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM satcher1@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 341 IS 1-3 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.05.008 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 849FQ UT WOS:000223524500006 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Liu, CT Dong, YD AF Lu, ZP Liu, CT Dong, YD TI Effects of atomic bonding nature and size mismatch on thermal stability and glass-forming ability of bulk metallic glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; CU-NI ALLOYS; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; B-ADDITION; P ALLOYS; PARAMETERS; EXTENSION; TM AB Two mathematical models used for quantitatively measuring the effects of atomic bonding nature and atomic size ratios among constituent elements on thermal stability of Mg-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been proposed recently. In this paper, these models are extended to other BMG systems, and the reliability and feasibility of these models for assessing glass-forming ability (GFA) and the thermal stability of BMGs are carefully examined. It was found that these models are not suitable for evaluating the thermal stability of BMGs in other alloy systems. Instead, a weak correlation between the parameters calculated based on these models (i.e., the electronegativity difference Deltax and the atomic size difference 5) and the GFA of BMGs is observed. Our analyses indicate that these two models only partially reflect the effects of the atomic bonding nature and the atomic size ratios on the GFA and need to be further refined. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Shanghai Univ, Inst Mat, Shanghai 200072, Peoples R China. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 341 IS 1-3 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.04.024 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 849FQ UT WOS:000223524500014 ER PT J AU Bloom, EE Zinkle, SJ Wiffen, FW AF Bloom, EE Zinkle, SJ Wiffen, FW TI Materials to deliver the promise of fusion power - progress and challenges SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID REACTOR STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC STEELS; VANADIUM ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ENERGY APPLICATIONS; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; IRRADIATION CREEP; HELIUM; EMBRITTLEMENT AB High-performance reduced-activation materials are crucial for fulfillment of the promise of fusion to provide safe, economical, and environmentally acceptable energy. Three reduced activation structural materials have emerged as promising candidates, based on 8-9Cr ferritic/martensitic steels, V-Cr-Ti alloys, and SiC/SiC composites. Due to advances in understanding how to control and engineer the nanoscale phase stability required for harsh neutron irradiation environments, these reduced activation materials have unirradiated properties that are superior to commercially available analogs. Perhaps the most important accomplishment to date from fusion materials research is the radiation effects knowledge base. Models of radiation effects and supporting experiments highlight the critical role of helium production on the microstructural stability and lifetime of irradiated materials. The proposed International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) would fill a critical need for fusion materials development. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 46 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 12 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.141 PN A PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000004 ER PT J AU Jitsukawa, S Kimura, A Kohyama, A Klueh, RL Tavassoli, AA van der Schaaf, B Odette, GR Rensman, JW Victoria, M Petersen, C AF Jitsukawa, S Kimura, A Kohyama, A Klueh, RL Tavassoli, AA van der Schaaf, B Odette, GR Rensman, JW Victoria, M Petersen, C TI Recent results of the reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel development SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FLOW LOCALIZATION; DEFECT CLUSTERS; EMBRITTLEMENT; TENSILE; ALLOYS; HFIR; DAMAGE; METALS AB Significant progress has been achieved in the international research effort on reduced-activation steels. Extensive tensile, fracture toughness, fatigue, and creep properties in unirradiated and irradiated conditions have been performed and evaluated. Since it is not possible to include all work in this limited review, selected areas will be presented to indicate the scope and progress of recent international efforts. These include (1) results from mechanical properties studies that have been combined in databases to determine materials design limits for the preliminary design of an ITER blanket module. (2) Results indicate that the effect of transmutation-produced helium on fracture toughness is smaller than indicated previously. (3) Further efforts to reduce irradiation-induced degradation of fracture toughness. (4) The introduction of a post-irradiation constitutive equation for plastic deformation. (5) The production of ODS steels that have been used to improve high-temperature strength. (6) The method developed to improve fracture toughness of ODS steels. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Kyoto Univ, IAE, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEA Saclay, F-9119 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NRG, Petten, Netherlands. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM jitsukawa@ifmif.tokai.jaeri.go.jp NR 42 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1016/jnucmat.2004.04.319 PN A PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000007 ER PT J AU Kurtz, RJ Abe, K Chernov, VM Hoelzer, DT Matsui, H Muroga, T Odette, GR AF Kurtz, RJ Abe, K Chernov, VM Hoelzer, DT Matsui, H Muroga, T Odette, GR TI Recent progress on development of vanadium alloys for fusion SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SI TYPE ALLOYS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; REACTOR MATERIALS; V-4CR-4TI ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; HELIUM; CREEP; MICROSTRUCTURE; PERFORMANCE AB Considerable progress has been made toward development of vanadium alloys for fusion. Much of the recent research has focused on vanadium alloys containing 4-5% Cr and 4-5% Ti, but a number of alternative compositions and processing routes have been explored in an effort to achieve improved performance. The goal of this paper is to review significant new results and to highlight critical issues that remain for future research. Progress in understanding the influence of interstitial impurities on microstructural evolution in both thermal and radiation environments are covered. The current state of knowledge of hardening and embrittlement of vanadium alloys in response to neutron irradiation is reviewed. Atomic-scale computer simulations to elucidate fundamental irradiation damage mechanisms are presented. The thermal and irradiation creep behavior of V-4Cr-4Ti is summarized along with an overview of the effects of He on tensile properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. AA Bochvar Inorgan Mat Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rj.kurtz@pnl.gov RI Chernov, Vyacheslav/F-1470-2014; Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 NR 56 TC 71 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1016/jnucmat.2004.04.299 PN A PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000008 ER PT J AU Riccardi, B Giancarli, L Hasegawa, A Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Jones, RH Snead, LL AF Riccardi, B Giancarli, L Hasegawa, A Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Jones, RH Snead, LL TI Issues and advances in SiCf/SiC composites development for fusion reactors SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGH THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY APPLICATIONS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; ION-IRRADIATION; HELIUM; DESIGN AB SiCf/SiC composites are among the most promising candidate structural materials for fusion because of their potential application for high performance reactors and superior safety characteristics compared to metallic materials. Favourable features of SiCf/SiC composites are the high temperature properties and the low activation characteristics at short and medium term. Conversely, the material has some critical issues such as the remarkable gas production due to nuclear transmutation and properties degradation induced by radiation exposure. Continuous progress in R&D and in particular the availability of advanced fibres and improved processing methods, as well as alternative solutions for fibre-matrix interfaces, has led to composites with higher thermo-mechanical characteristics and better radiation stability. This paper reports the issues of fusion reactor studies, the progress in material R&D and the latest results of radiation exposure studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ENEA, CR Frascati, I-000441 Frascati, Roma, Italy. CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, F-9119 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 98008579, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Riccardi, B (reprint author), ENEA, CR Frascati, Via E Fermi 45, I-000441 Frascati, Roma, Italy. EM riccardi@frascati.enea.it OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 58 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.002 PN A PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000009 ER PT J AU Zinkle, SJ Matsukawa, Y AF Zinkle, SJ Matsukawa, Y TI Observation and analysis of defect cluster production and interactions with dislocations SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRA; CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATED FE-16NI-15CR; COPPER SINGLE CRYSTALS; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; RADIATION-DAMAGE; FCC METALS; BCC METALS; DEFORMATION MECHANISMS AB The current understanding of defect production fundamentals in neutron-irradiated face centered cubic (FCC) and body centered cubic (BCC) metals is briefly reviewed, based primarily on transmission electron microscope observations. Experimental procedures developed by Michio Kiritani and colleagues have been applied to quantify defect cluster size, density, and nature. Differences in defect accumulation behavior of irradiated BCC and FCC metals are discussed. Depending on the defect cluster obstacle strength, either the dispersed barrier hardening model or the Friedel-Kroupa-Hirsch weak barrier model can be used to describe major aspects of radiation hardening. Irradiation at low temperature can cause a change, in deformation mode from dislocation cell formation at low doses to twinning or dislocation channeling at higher doses. The detailed interaction between dislocations and defect clusters helps determine the dominant deformation mode. Recent observations of the microstructure created by plastic deformation of quenched and irradiated metals are summarized, including in situ deformation results. Examples of annihilation of stacking fault tetrahedra by gliding dislocations and subsequent formation of mobile superjogs are shown. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov RI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/C-2274-2011; OI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/0000-0002-7888-3478; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 80 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.298 PN A PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000013 ER PT J AU Wirth, BD Odette, GR Marian, J Ventelon, L Young-Vandersall, JA Zepeda-Ruiz, LA AF Wirth, BD Odette, GR Marian, J Ventelon, L Young-Vandersall, JA Zepeda-Ruiz, LA TI Multiscale modeling of radiation damage in Fe-based alloys in the fusion environment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; NEUTRON IRRADIATION; DISLOCATION LOOPS; ALPHA-IRON; COPPER; METALS; CU AB Ferritic alloys represent a technologically important class of candidate materials for fusion first wall and blanket structures. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of defect accumulation and microstructure evolution, and the corresponding effects on mechanical properties is required to predict their in-service structural performance limits. The physical processes involved in radiation damage, and its effects on mechanical properties, are inherently multiscale and hierarchical, spanning length and time scales from the atomic nucleus to meters and picosecond to decades. In this paper, we present a multiscale modeling methodology to describe radiation effects within the fusion energy environment. Selected results from atomic scale investigation are presented, focusing on (i) the mechanisms of self-interstitial dislocation loop formation with Burgers vector of a<100> in iron relative to vanadium, (ii) helium transport and (iii) the interaction between helium and small self-interstitial clusters in iron, and (iv) dislocation-helium bubble interactions in fcc aluminum. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Labs, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wirth, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bdwirth@nuc.berkeley.edu RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 37 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 7 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.156 PN A PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000015 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF Jankowski, A Hayes, J Muroga, T Suzuki, A Yeliseyeva, OI Chernov, VM AF Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF Jankowski, A Hayes, J Muroga, T Suzuki, A Yeliseyeva, OI Chernov, VM TI Recent progress in the development of electrically insulating coatings for a liquid lithium blanket SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID CR-TI ALLOYS; VANADIUM ALLOYS; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; FLOWING LITHIUM; METAL BLANKETS; OXIDE SCALES; COMPATIBILITY; CERAMICS; ALN AB Electrically insulating coatings on the first wall of magnetic confinement reactors are essential to reduce the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) force that would otherwise inhibit the flow of the lithium coolant. There are very few candidate materials because Li dissolves most oxides and many carbides and nitrides do not have sufficient electrical resistivity for this application. Based on thermodynamic considerations and testing of bulk ceramics, the most promising materials are Y2O3, Er2O3 and AlN. Coatings of these materials are being fabricated by a variety of processing techniques and their resistivity and microstructure characterized. Electrical resistivity results from Y2O3 coatings as-deposited and after exposure to Li are presented. Self-healing and in situ coatings are being investigated based on CaO from Li-Ca and Er2O3 from Li-Er. Because there are likely to be cracks in any coatings, a dual-layer system with a thin outer layer of vanadium appears to be a more attractive MHD coating system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Fus Engn Res Ctr, Gifu 5095292, Japan. NASU, GV Karpenko Physico Mech Inst, UA-79601 Lvov, Ukraine. SSC RF AA Bochvar Inst Inorgan Mat, Moscow 123060, Russia. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011; Chernov, Vyacheslav/F-1470-2014 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; NR 42 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.010 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000017 ER PT J AU Mansur, LK Rowcliffe, AF Nanstad, RK Zinkle, SJ Corwin, WR Stoller, RE AF Mansur, LK Rowcliffe, AF Nanstad, RK Zinkle, SJ Corwin, WR Stoller, RE TI Materials needs for fusion, Generation IV fission reactors and spallation neutron sources - similarities and differences SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; SOURCE MERCURY TARGET; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; DESIGN; ALLOYS AB Fusion reactors, advanced fission reactors and high power accelerator spallation targets subject materials to damaging particle irradiation. Although these technologies derive their utility from different nuclear reactions and divergent applications, they experience many common features. Further, the physical mechanisms of radiation response are crosscutting. For example, swelling, phase instability, hardening, flow localization, and embrittlement must be understood in order to estimate component lifetimes. Additional commonalities include reliance on the same classes of materials and sometimes on the identical alloy for critical components. In addition, databases supporting designs are mainly derived from the same relatively few irradiation facilities and from similar types of experiments. Opportunities are examined for coordinated efforts. Emphasis is placed on the development of fundamental knowledge to support alloy design strategies for resistance to irradiation and to form a scientific basis to develop better materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mansur, LK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mansurlk@ornl.gov RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 27 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 166 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.016 PN A PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000024 ER PT J AU Jameson, RA Ferdinand, R Klein, H Rathke, J Sredniawski, J Sugimoto, M AF Jameson, RA Ferdinand, R Klein, H Rathke, J Sredniawski, J Sugimoto, M TI IFMIF accelerator facility SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) Accelerator Facility consists of two 125 mA, 40 MeV cw deuteron linacs which provide beams to the molten lithium Target Facility. The reference design for the Accelerator Facility has evolved through the several stages of the IFMIF program [IFMIF Conceptual Design Activity, Final Report, IFMIF-CDA Team (ed. by M. Martone), ENEA Frascati Report, RT/ERG/FUS/96/11, December 1996; IFMIF Conceptual Design Evaluation Report, IFMIF Team (ed. by A. Mslang), FZK report, FZKA 6199, January 1999; IFMIF KEP Report, IFMIF International Team, JAERI report, JAERI-Tech 2003-2005, March 2003]. A reference design report, with updated technical, cost and schedule information, is in preparation this year, and will be outlined in this paper. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SACM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Appl Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Adv Energy Syst Inc, Medford, NY 11763 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Dept Fus Engn Res, Off Fus Mat Res Promot, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Jameson, RA (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys Appl, Robert Mayerstr 2-4, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. EM jameson@postman.riken.jp NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.153 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000029 ER PT J AU de Carlan, Y Murugananth, M Sourmail, T Bhadeshia, HKDH AF de Carlan, Y Murugananth, M Sourmail, T Bhadeshia, HKDH TI Design of new Fe-9CrWV reduced-activation martensitic steels for creep properties at 650 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; PRECIPITATION AB New low-activation martensitic steels for creep resistance between 600 and 700 degreesC were designed using thermodynamic, kinetic and neural network modelling tools. Suitable compositions for a matrix stabilised by vanadium nitride (VN) particles were firstly suggested on the basis of phase stability calculations using the thermodynamic software MTDATA. A neural network method was then used to predict the creep rupture stress of the possible compositions. It was predicted that a creep rupture stress close to 100 MPa for 100 000 It at 650 degreesC could be achievable. Finally, the precipitation and growth kinetics of VN were calculated using an existing kinetic model. These calculations suggested that a fine (nanometre-scale) and homogeneous distribution of particles could be obtained using a high nucleation site density. This could, in principle, be achieved using thermomechanical treatments and should be even better than alloys produced using the classical normalization and tempering route. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Rech Met Appliquees, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP de Carlan, Y (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Rech Met Appliquees, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM yann.decarlan@cea.fr NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.017 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000038 ER PT J AU Tanigawa, H Hashimoto, N Sakasegawa, H Klueh, RL Sokolov, MA Shiba, K Jitsukawa, S Kohyama, A AF Tanigawa, H Hashimoto, N Sakasegawa, H Klueh, RL Sokolov, MA Shiba, K Jitsukawa, S Kohyama, A TI Microstructure property analysis of HFIR-irradiated reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FERRITIC STEELS AB The effects of irradiation on the Charpy impact properties of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels were investigated on a microstructural basis. It was previously reported that the ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of F82H-IEA and its heat treatment variant increased by about 130 K after irradiation at 573 K up to 5 dpa. Moreover, the shifts in ORNL9Cr-2WVTa and JLF-1 steels were much smaller, and the differences could not be interpreted as an effect of irradiation hardening. The precipitation behavior of the irradiated steels was examined by weight analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis on extraction residues, and SEM/EDS analysis was performed on extraction replica samples and fracture surfaces. These analyses suggested that the difference in the extent of DBTT shift could be explained by (1) smaller irradiation hardening at low test temperatures caused by irradiation-induced lath structure recovery (in JLF-1), and (2) the fracture stress increase caused by the irradiation-induced over-solution of Ta (in ORNL9Cr-2WVTa). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Tanigawa, H (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM tanigawa@popsvr.tokai.jaeri.go.jp RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.053 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000047 ER PT J AU Gelles, DS AF Gelles, DS TI Structural examination of low activation ferritic steels following irradiation in ORR at 330 and 400 degrees C to similar to 10 dpa SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB Microstructural examinations are reported for a series of low activation steels containing Mn following irradiation in the Oak Ridge Reactor at 330 and 400 degreesC to similar to10 dpa. Alloy compositions included 2% Cr, 9% Cr and 12% Cr steels with V to 1.5% and W to 1.0%. Results include compositional changes in precipitates and microstructural changes as a function of composition and irradiation temperature. It is concluded that temperatures in ORR are on the order of 50 degreesC higher than anticipated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gelles, DS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ds_gelles@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 304 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.049 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000051 ER PT J AU Porollo, SI Dvoriashin, AM Konobeev, YV Garner, FA AF Porollo, SI Dvoriashin, AM Konobeev, YV Garner, FA TI Structure and mechanical properties of ferritic/martensitic steel EP-823 after neutron irradiation to high doses in BOR-60 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB Mechanical properties and microstructure of ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steel EP-823 were investigated following irradiation in BOR-60 to 63 dpa at 365-680 degreesC. Up to similar to460 degreesC irradiated EP-823 was found to fracture in a brittle mode at low strength levels, but no significant change in mechanical properties occurred at temperatures >460 degreesC. When compared to EP-450 often used in Russia it is observed that EP-823 is rather more brittle, with the primary microstructural difference: being the formation of M2X in EP-823 instead of alpha' precipitates in EP-450. On the other hand, EP-823 appears to be somewhat more resistant to void swelling. Both of these attributes are thought to arise primarily from the higher silicon content of EP-823. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Mat Res, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Obninsk Phys & Power Engn Inst, State Sci Ctr Russian Federat, Obninsk 249020, Russia. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Mat Res, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.garner@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 314 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.310 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000053 ER PT J AU Dvoriashin, AM Porollo, SI Konobeev, YV Garner, FA AF Dvoriashin, AM Porollo, SI Konobeev, YV Garner, FA TI Influence of high dose neutron irradiation on microstructure of EP-450 ferritic-martensitic steel irradiated in three Russian fast reactors SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID STAINLESS-STEELS; ALLOYS; EMBRITTLEMENT AB The microstructure of EP-450 ferritic-martensitic steel was determined after irradiation in BN-350, BN-600 and BR-10 fast reactors at temperatures in the range 275-690 degreesC. The examinations confirm a high resistance of EP-450 steel to void swelling, but the resistance appears to be lower when the dpa rate is reduced. Depending on irradiation dose and temperature the following was observed: voids (285-520 degreesC), dislocation loops and linear dislocations (275-520 degreesC), alpha'-phase (285-520 degreesC), chi-phase (460-590 degreesC), and M2X precipitates (460-690 degreesC). It appears that the formation of dislocation loops and alpha' precipitates at high densities is responsible for the low temperature embrittlement observed in this steel. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Mat Res, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Obninsk Phys & Power Engn Inst, State Sci Ctr Russian Federat, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Region, Russia. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Struct Mat Res, POB 999,M-S P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.garner@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.309 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000054 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Hoelzer, DT Kenik, EA Russell, KF AF Miller, MK Hoelzer, DT Kenik, EA Russell, KF TI Nanometer scale precipitation in ferritic MA/ODS alloy MA957 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; STEELS; OXYGEN AB The microstructure of a commercial mechanically-alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened MA957 alloy has been characterized in the as-received condition and after annealing for up to 24 h at 1300 degreesC (similar to0.85 T-m) by atom probe tomography and electron microscopy. Atom probe tomography revealed a high number density of ultrafine 2-nm-diameter Ti-, Y- and O-enriched particles in the ferrite matrix in the as-received condition. The size increased and the number density of these particles decreased during the annealing treatment for 1 and 24 h at 1300 degreesC. Some coarser (similar to10 nm) Ti-, Y- and O-enriched precipitates were also observed at the grain boundaries. No significant grain growth or recrystallization was observed during the high temperature annealing treatment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millermk@ornl.gov RI Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 NR 15 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 338 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.085 PN A PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000058 ER PT J AU Toloczko, MB Gelles, DS Garner, FA Kurtz, RJ Abe, K AF Toloczko, MB Gelles, DS Garner, FA Kurtz, RJ Abe, K TI Irradiation creep and swelling from 400 to 600 degrees C of the oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic alloy MA957 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB An irradiation creep and swelling study was performed on the Y2O3-strengthened ODS ferritic steel MA957. Pressurized tubes were irradiated in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) to doses ranging from 40 to 110 dpa at temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 degreesC. None of the stress-free tubes exhibited any evidence of swelling as determined by diameter change measurements. With a few exceptions, the irradiation creep behavior is similar to that of conventional ferritic-martensitic steels. Calculated creep compliance values are equal to those of HT9 irradiated within the same temperature range, except at 600 degreesC where the creep rate of MA957 is about one-half the value for HT9. The magnitude of the creep transient for MA957 is comparable to HT9, again except at 600 degreesC where the transient is much lower for MA957. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Toloczko, MB (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mychailo.toloczko@pnl.gov NR 6 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 352 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.296 PN A PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000061 ER PT J AU Alinger, MJ Odette, GR Hoelzer, DT AF Alinger, MJ Odette, GR Hoelzer, DT TI The development and stability of Y-Ti-O nanoclusters in mechanically alloyed Fe-Cr based ferritic alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID PARTICLES; STEELS AB Ferritic alloys containing a high density of nanoscale clusters of Y-Ti-O exhibit superior creep strength and potential for high resistance to radiation damage. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to characterize the sequence-of-events and the necessary ingredients for the formation of nanoclusters (NCs) during processing, as well as their thermal stability during high temperature aging. Mechanical alloying (MA) dissolves Y2O3 in the master alloy Fe-Cr-W powders. A large population of 1-2 nm NCs precipitate during subsequent high temperature consolidation. The NC sizes increase and their volume fractions and number densities decrease with increasing the consolidation temperature. Both Ti and Y are necessary for NC formation at higher temperatures. The NCs in MA957 are stable during aging at 1150 degreesC for times up to 243 h, but systematically coarsen at 1200 degreesC. The NCs coarsen rapidly and become unstable at higher aging Lemperatures. Variations in the alloy hardness are consistent with differences in the NC sizes and number densities. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alinger, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM alinger@engineering.ucsb.edu RI Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016 NR 9 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 382 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.042 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000067 ER PT J AU Sakuma, S Yamashita, S Oka, K Ohnuki, S Rehn, LE Wakai, E AF Sakuma, S Yamashita, S Oka, K Ohnuki, S Rehn, LE Wakai, E TI Y2O3 nano-particle formation in ODS ferritic steels by Y and O dual ion-implantation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID FBR CORE APPLICATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; OXIDE PARTICLES; IMPROVEMENT AB For basic understanding of how to produce a homogeneous distribution of nano-scale oxide particles, we have applied dual ion-implantation to make a super-saturation of oxide-forming elements. Y+ and O+ ions were implanted into ferritic alloys at room temperature. Both in situ annealing in an electron microscope for thin samples and conventional annealing for bulk samples were carried out at 300-1300 K. Nano-particles of Y2O3 precipitated during annealing, where the starting temperatures for the nucleation and growth depended on the annealing methods. In thin specimens the growth and nucleation of Y2O3 started at 573 and 613 K. In bulk specimens, the growth and nucleation shifted to higher temperatures. Compared with conventional Mechanical Alloying, it is concluded that dual ion-implantation can produce much finer distributions of nano-scale oxides. In order to explain these results, we emphasize the roles of super-saturated elements and lattice defects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Fac Engn, Dept Mat Sci,Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. JNC, Oarai Engn Ctr, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111393, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Ohnuki, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Fac Engn, Dept Mat Sci,Kita Ku, N-13,W-8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. EM ohnuki@loam-ms.eng.hokudai.ac.jp RI Wakai, Eiichi/L-1099-2016 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 392 EP 396 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.039 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000069 ER PT J AU Fukumoto, K Matsui, H Muroga, T Zinkle, SJ Hoelzer, DT Snead, LL AF Fukumoto, K Matsui, H Muroga, T Zinkle, SJ Hoelzer, DT Snead, LL TI Varying temperature effects on mechanical properties of vanadium alloys during neutron irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID HFIR; REACTOR AB The varying temperature irradiation experiment in the HFIR was carried out in order to investigate the performance of vanadium alloys subject to temperature variation during operation. No significant differences of irradiation hardening between steady 340degreesC irradiation and variable 225/340degreesC irradiation could be seen in any alloys. In the case of the irradiation at 520degreesC, the temperature variation to 360degreesC influenced the formation process of voids in the unalloyed and dilute vanadium alloys compared to isothermal irradiation at 520degreesC. It is contributed to the change of irradiation hardening behavior between steady irradiation and temperature variable irradiation at 520degreesC. It could not be seen any effect of varying irradiation temperature in vanadium alloys containing > 1 wt% titanium in this study. It is caused by the insensitivity of formation process of Ti(OCN) precipitates against the effect of irradiation temperature variation. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Tohoku Univ, IMR, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. NIFS, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 9108507, Japan. EM fukumoto@mech.fukui-u.ac.jp RI Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 472 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.088 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000086 ER PT J AU Ohnuki, S Yasuda, T Suda, T Watanabe, S Oliver, BM AF Ohnuki, S Yasuda, T Suda, T Watanabe, S Oliver, BM TI Effect of alloying elements and neutron-irradiation on hydrogen behavior in V alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID CR-TI ALLOYS; VANADIUM ALLOYS AB To understand hydrogen behavior in V and V based alloys, static and dynamic hydrogen chargings were carried out for unirradiated and irradiated V and V-4Cr-4Ti. Hydrogen can be trapped by lattice defects, dislocations, vacancies and voids, which are effective up to 500degreesC. Unexpected softening occurred at low levels of hydrogen, and hardening occurred at high levels. Alloying elements intensified the hardening, which are seen as general phenomena in V and V based alloys. A significant effect was seen for dynamic charging, which was attributed to fast diffusion and interactions with mobile dislocations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ohnuki, S (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci, Kita Ku, Kita 13,Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. EM ohnuki@loam-ms.eng.hokudai.ac.jp RI seiichi, watanabe/E-2622-2012 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.086 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000088 ER PT J AU Henager, CH Le, EA Jones, RH AF Henager, CH Le, EA Jones, RH TI A model stress analysis of swelling in SiC/SiC composites as a function of fiber type and carbon interphase structure SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID COATED FUEL PARTICLES; SILICON-CARBIDE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; IRRADIATION CREEP; COATINGS; MISMATCH; SYSTEMS AB A continuous fiber composite was simulated by four concentric cylinders (consisting of fiber, fiber/matrix interphase coating, matrix, and surrounding composite) to explore composite stresses when irradiation swelling of the various components is included to study radial debonding at the fiber-coating interface as a function of neutron dose. SiC Type-S and Hi-Nicalon fibers., and three types of transversely isotropic carbons for the fiber coating were considered. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Henager, CH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chuck.henager@pnl.gov OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 502 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.110 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000092 ER PT J AU Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH AF Youngblood, GE Senor, DJ Jones, RH TI Effects of irradiation and post-irradiation annealing on the thermal conductivity/diffusivity of monolithic SiC and f-SiC/SiC composites SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SILICON-CARBIDE; SICF/SIC COMPOSITES; STABILITY; DPA AB Laser flash thermal diffusivity measurements were made on high-purity monolithic CVD-SiC and 2D f-SiC(Hi-Nicalon(TM))/ICVI-SiC composite samples before and after irradiation (250-800degreesC, 4-8 dpa-SiC) and after post-irradiation annealing composite samples to 1200degreesC. For irradiated CVD-SiC, the defect concentrations at saturation were estimated to range from 25 300 appm (250degreesC) down to 940 appm (800degreesC). The transverse thermal conductivity ratios after-to-before irradiation (K-ir/K-o) determined at the irradiation temperatures ranged from: 0.044 (250degreesC) up to 0.12 (800degreesC) for irradiated CVD-SiC and 0.18 (330degreesC) up to 0.29 (800degreesC) for the irradiated Hi-Nicalon(TM) composite. Analysis of thermal diffusivity values for the Hi-Nicalon composite measured in air, argon, helium and vacuum indicated that thermal conductivity degradation occurred primarily due to point defect accumulation in the matrix component. After annealing to 1200degreesC and cooling to ambient, fiber/matrix debonding occurred due to net shrinkage in the fiber and PyC interface components. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Youngblood, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, P8-15,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ge.youngblood@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.111 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000093 ER PT J AU Snead, LL AF Snead, LL TI Limits on irradiation-induced thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity in silicon carbide materials SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; COMPOSITES; CERAMICS; ISSUES AB Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of SiC materials is given for fast neutron fluences up to 7.7 x 10(25) n/cm(2) at irradiation temperatures of 300, 500 and 800degreesC. In situ radiation-induced conductivity is also measured for ionizing dose rates up to similar to5 Gy/s (X-ray). Thermal conductivity degradation for CVD SiC is presented in detail exhibiting a substantial reduction from the non-irradiated value of similar to370 W/mK. Thermal conductivity of irradiated stoichiometric fiber, CVI SiC matrix composite is also given. A thermal defect resistance approach is used to analyze this data yielding optimum irradiated thermal conductivity for SiC. Neutron irradiation has a permanent, but small effect on electrical conductivity. In the absence of impurity doping effects the neutron damage tends to increase resistivity by less than ark order of magnitude. Those SiC materials with electrical resistivities less than similar to0.1 S/m undergo little increase in conductivity due to ionizing irradiation, while more than a two order of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity is measured for the highest resistivity form of SiC studied. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008-MS-6087, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM sneadll@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 524 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.294 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000096 ER PT J AU Lee, SP Jin, JO Park, JS Kohyama, A Katoh, Y Yoon, HK Bae, DS Kim, IS AF Lee, SP Jin, JO Park, JS Kohyama, A Katoh, Y Yoon, HK Bae, DS Kim, IS TI High temperature characterization of reaction sintered SiC based materials SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID TYRANNO-SA/SIC COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; CARBIDE; SILICON AB Monolithic SiC and SiCf/SiC composite materials have been fabricated by a reaction sintering process. The mechanical properties of RS-SiCf/SiC composites reinforced with Hi-Nicalon SiC fiber have been investigated at elevated temperatures, in conjunction with a detailed analysis of their microstructures. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and strength of RS-SiC material was also examined. The characterization of RS-SiC based materials was evaluated by means of SEM, EDS and three point bend test. The RS-SiC material showed an average density of 3.0 Mg/cm(3) and an average strength of about 550 MPa. However, the strength of RS-SiC material decreased with increasing heat treatment times. The RS-SiCf/SiC composite also experienced a reduction of room temperature strength at a test temperature of 1300degreesC, owing to the creation of internal defects such as matrix oxidation, interfacial debonding and fiber degradation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dong Eui Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pusan 614714, South Korea. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Dong Eui Univ, Div Nano Engn, Pusan 614714, South Korea. RP Lee, SP (reprint author), Dong Eui Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 24 Gaya Dong, Pusan 614714, South Korea. EM splee87@dongeui.ac.kr OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 534 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.283 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000098 ER PT J AU Nozawa, T Hinoki, T Snead, LL Katoh, Y Kohyama, A AF Nozawa, T Hinoki, T Snead, LL Katoh, Y Kohyama, A TI Neutron irradiation effects on high-crystallinity and near-stoichiometry SiC fibers and their composites SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SILICON-CARBIDE AB Key characteristics required for the development of fusion-grade SiC/SiC composites are high-crystallinity and near-stoichiometry. To identify the primary mechanisms of degradation caused by neutron irradiation, the radiation behavior of the constituent SiC fibers needs to be examined. In this study, single filament tensile tests were conducted after neutron irradiation on a recently developed highly-crystalline and near-stoichiometric SiC fiber; Hi-Nicalon(TM) Type-S. Hi-Nicalon(TM) Type-S fiber exhibited excellent strength retention up to 7.7 dpa independent of irradiation temperature up to 800degreesC. The radiation stability of the Hi-Nicalon(TM) Type-S fiber directly contributed to the excellent radiation performance in composites made with this fiber. The observed 14-20% decrease of elastic modulus due to neutron irradiation of Hi-Nicalon(TM) Type-S fiber had a minor effect on composite strength. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM tnozawa@iae.kyoto-u.ac.jp OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 14 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 544 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.114 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000100 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Son, SJ Katoh, Y Kohyama, A AF Lee, Y Son, SJ Katoh, Y Kohyama, A TI Damage evaluation of W-coated SiC by thermal conductivity measurement SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; HIGH HEAT-FLUX; FUSION; COMPOSITES; CARBON AB To evaluate the damage of W-coated SiC/SiC composites by thermal conductivity, evaluation of thermal conductivity measurement was performed for W-coated Sic, which was damaged by electron beam-induced thermal impact. After thermal impact of about 6 MW/m(2), melted phases around W/SiC interphase and reduction of thermal conductivity were observed. It was suggested that the temperature of the W/SiC interphase was raised to the melting point of a reaction phase, by the thermal impact of about 6 MW/m(2), and therefore a melted phase flowed out from the W/SiC interphase and cracks, reducing the thermal conductivity. Numerical calculations showed that the temperature of the W/SiC interphase could be controlled by the thickness of the W coating. The relation between melted phases and reduction of thermal conductivity will be investigated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM yslee@iae.kyoto-u.ac.jp OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 549 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.115 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000101 ER PT J AU Taguchi, T Nozawa, T Igawa, N Katoh, Y Jitsukawa, S Kohyama, A Hinoki, T Snead, LL AF Taguchi, T Nozawa, T Igawa, N Katoh, Y Jitsukawa, S Kohyama, A Hinoki, T Snead, LL TI Fabrication of advanced SiC fiber/F-CVI SiC matrix composites with SiC/C multi-layer interphase SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID FLEXURAL PROPERTIES; SILICON-CARBIDE; STRENGTH AB SiC/SiC composite with SiC/C multi-layer interphase coated on advanced SiC fibers was fabricated by the forced thermal-gradient chemical vapor infiltration (F-CVI) process. SEM and TEM observations verified that SiC/C. multi-layer interphase was formed on SiC fibers. Both flexural and tensile strengths of SiC/SiC composite with SiC/C multi-layer interphase were approximately 10% higher than composites fabricated with single carbon interphase. The SEM observation of fracture surface for the composite with SiC/C multi-layer interphase revealed cylindrical steps formed around the fiber. Apparently several crack deflections occurred within SiC/C multi-layer interphase. Moreover, the SiC/C multi-layer applied in this study operated efficiently to improve the mechanical properties. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Neutron Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taguchi, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Neutron Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM taguchi@popsvr.tokai.jaeri.go.jp OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 572 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.120 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000106 ER PT J AU Nogami, S Hasegawa, A Snead, LL Jones, RH Abe, K AF Nogami, S Hasegawa, A Snead, LL Jones, RH Abe, K TI Effect of He pre-implantation and neutron irradiation on mechanical properties of SiC/SiC composite SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; FIBERS; HELIUM AB Mechanical property changes of SiC/SiC (Hi-Nicalon/C/SiC) composite caused by uniform He pre-implantation up to about 170 at.ppm at 400-800 degreesC followed by neutron irradiation up to about 7.7 x 10(25) n/m(2) (E-n > 0.1 MeV) at 800 degreesC in HFIR were investigated by the three-point bend tests and nano-indentation tests. Degradation of the composite bend properties due to neutron irradiation was observed. The hardness increased after neutron irradiation for both the SiC-matrix and the Hi-Nicalon fiber. There was almost no change in the elastic modulus of the SiC-matrix, but there was an increase in the modulus of the Hi-Nicalon fiber after neutron irradiation. He pre-implantation had almost a negligible effect on the mechanical properties of the composite specimen. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nogami, S (reprint author), Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi Res Lab, Dept Mat Res Power Plants, Res Unit Struct Strength Mat, 1-1 Saiwai Cho 3 Chome, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3178511, Japan. EM sngm@gm.hrl.hitachi.co.jp; akira.hasegawa@qse.tohoku.ac.jp; sneadll@ornl.gov; rh.jones@pnl.gov; katsunori.abe@qse.tohoku.ac.jp NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 577 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.121 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000107 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Nozawa, T Sato, M AF Katoh, Y Kohyama, A Nozawa, T Sato, M TI SiC/SiC composites through transient eutectic-phase route for fusion applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SILICON-CARBIDE; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; DESIGN; FIBER; BEHAVIOR; STRENGTH; CREEP AB Factors that may limit attractiveness of silicon-carbide-based ceramic composites to fusion applications include thermal conductivity, applicable design stress, chemical compatibility, hermeticity, radiation stability and fabrication cost. A novel SiC/SiC composite, which has recently been developed through nano-infiltration and transient eutectic-phase (NITE) processing route, surpasses conventional materials in many of these properties. In this paper, the latest development, property evaluation and prospect of the NITE SiC/SiC composites are briefly reviewed. The topics range from fundamental aspects of process development to industrial process development. Elevated temperature strength, fracture behavior, and thermo-physical properties in various environments are summarized. Future directions of materials and application technology development are also discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Ube Ind Ltd, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558633, Japan. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS-6138, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM katohy@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 23 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 587 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.157 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000109 ER PT J AU Sha, JJ Nozawa, T Park, JS Katoh, Y Kohyama, A AF Sha, JJ Nozawa, T Park, JS Katoh, Y Kohyama, A TI Effect of heat treatment on the tensile strength and creep resistance of advanced SiC fibers SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; CERAMIC FIBERS AB SiC-based fibers, Hi-Niclaon(TM), Hi-Nicalon(TM) type S and Tyranno(TM)-SA, were heat treated at 1300-1900 degreesC in Ar for 1 h. After heat treatment, room temperature tensile strength and 1-h bend stress relaxation (BSR) at 1400 degreesC in Ar were evaluated for these fibers. As a result, excellent strength retention was exhibited after heat treatment at temperature up to 1780 degreesC for the Hi-Nicalon(TM) type S fiber and up to 1900 degreesC for the Tyranno(TM)-SA fiber. In contrast, relatively low strength retention was observed for Hi-Nicalon(TM) fiber heat-treated above 1600 degreesC. Creep resistance of the as-received fibers was improved by high-temperature heat treatments, especially at temperatures above the fiber's processing temperature. The microstructure analysis by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that properties of SiC fibers at elevated temperatures are controlled by crystallite size as well as by other factors. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sha, JJ (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM shajianj@iae.kyoto-u.ac.jp OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 14 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.123 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000110 ER PT J AU Balachov, II Shcherbakov, EN Kozlov, AV Portnykh, IA Garner, FA AF Balachov, II Shcherbakov, EN Kozlov, AV Portnykh, IA Garner, FA TI Influence of radiation-induced voids and bubbles on physical properties of austenitic structural alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB Void swelling in austenitic stainless steels induces significant changes in their electrical resistivity and elastic moduli, as demonstrated in this study using a Russian stainless steel irradiated as fuel pin cladding in BN-600. Precipitation induced by irradiation also causes second-order changes in these properties, but can dominate the measurement for small swelling levels. When cavities are full of helium as expected under some fusion irradiation conditions, additional second-order changes are expected but they will be small enough to exclude from the analysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resources Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. FSUE, Inst Nucl Mat, Zarechney 624250, Russia. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resources Dept, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,M-S P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.garner@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 617 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.343 PN A PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000115 ER PT J AU Budylkin, NI Bulanova, TM Mironova, EG Mitrofanova, NM Porollo, SI Chernov, VM Shamardin, VK Garner, FA AF Budylkin, NI Bulanova, TM Mironova, EG Mitrofanova, NM Porollo, SI Chernov, VM Shamardin, VK Garner, FA TI The strong influence of displacement rate on void swelling in variants of Fe-16Cr-15Ni-3Mo austenitic stainless steel irradiated in BN-350 and BOR-60 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB Recent irradiation experiments conducted on a variety of austenitic stainless steels have shown that void swelling appears to be increased when the dpa rate is decreased, primarily by a shortening of the transient regime of swelling. This paper presents results derived from nominally similar irradiations conducted on six Russian steels, all laboratory heat variants of Fe-16Cr-15Ni-3Mo-Nb-B, with each irradiated in two fast reactors, BOR-60 and BN-350. The BN-350 irradiation proceeded at a dpa rate three times higher than that conducted in BOR-60. In all six steels, a significantly higher swelling level was attained in BOR-60, agreeing with the results of earlier studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resources Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. All Russia Sci Res Inst Nonorgan Mat Academician, Fed State Enterprise, Moscow, Russia. Obninsk Phys & Power Engn Inst, State Sci Res Ctr Russian Federat, Obninsk 249020, Russia. Res Inst Atom Reactors, State Sci Ctr Russian Federat, Dimitrovgrad, Russia. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Resources Dept, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.garner@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.344 PN A PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000116 ER PT J AU Maksimkin, OP Tsai, KV Turubarova, LG Doronina, T Garner, FA AF Maksimkin, OP Tsai, KV Turubarova, LG Doronina, T Garner, FA TI Characterization of 08Cr16Ni11Mo3 stainless steel irradiated in the BN-350 reactor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID TEMPERATURE AB In several recently published studies conducted on a Soviet analog of AISI 321 stainless steel irradiated in either fast reactors or light water reactors, it was shown that the void swelling phenomenon extended to temperatures as low as similar to300 degreesC, when produced by neutron irradiation at dpa rates in the range 10(-7) to 10(-8) dpa/s. Other studies yielded similar results for AISI 316. In the current study a blanket duct assembly from BN-350, constructed from the Soviet analog of AISI 316, also exhibits swelling at dpa rates on the order of 10(-8) dpa/s, with voids seen as low as 281 degreesC and only 1.3 dpa. It appears that low-temperature swelling at low dpa rates occurs in 300 series stainless steels in general, and during irradiations conducted in either fast or mixed spectrum reactors. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Resources, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Almaty, Kazakhstan. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Mat Resources, 902 Battelle Blvd,P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.garner@pnl.gov RI Maksimkin, Oleg/M-8820-2015 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.102 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000117 ER PT J AU Katsura, R Morisawa, J Kawano, S Oliver, BM AF Katsura, R Morisawa, J Kawano, S Oliver, BM TI Post-irradiation annealing effect on helium diffusivity in austenitic stainless steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID NICKEL AB As an experimental basis for helium induced weld cracking of neutron irradiated austenitic stainless steels, helium diffusivity has been evaluated by measuring helium release at high temperature. Isochronal and isothermal experiments were performed at temperatures between 700 and 1300 degreesC for 304 and 316L stainless steels. In 1 h isochronal experiments, helium was released beginning at similar to900 degreesC and reaching almost 100% at 1300 degreesC. No apparent differences in helium release were observed between the two stainless steel types. At temperatures between 900 and 1300 degreesC, the diffusion rate was calculated from the time dependence of the helium release rate to be: D-0 = 4.91 cm(2)/s, E = 289 kJ/mol. The observed activation energy suggests that the release of helium from the steels is associated with the removal of helium from helium bubbles and/or from vacancy diffusion. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nippon Nucl Fuel Dev Co Ltd, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111313, Japan. Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi, Ibaraki 3178511, Japan. Toshiba Co Ltd, Power & Ind Syst R&D Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2358523, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Katsura, R (reprint author), Nippon Nucl Fuel Dev Co Ltd, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111313, Japan. EM katsura@nfd.co.jp NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 668 EP 672 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.093 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000126 ER PT J AU Renk, TJ Tanaka, TJ Olson, CL Peterson, RR Knowles, TR AF Renk, TJ Tanaka, TJ Olson, CL Peterson, RR Knowles, TR TI Laser inertial fusion dry-wall materials response to pulsed ions at power-plant level fluences SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB Pulses of MeV-Ievel ions with fluences of up to 20 J/cm(2) can be expected to impinge on the first-wall of future laser-driven Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plants. To simulate the effect of these ions, we have exposed candidate drywall materials to ion pulses from RHEPP-1, located at Sandia National Laboratories. Various forms of tungsten and tungsten alloy were exposed to up to 1000 pulses, with some samples heated to 600 degreesC. Thresholds for roughening and material removal, and evolution of surface morphology were measured and compared with code predictions for materials response. Tungsten is observed to undergo surface roughening and subsurface crack formation that evolves over hundreds of pulses, and which can occur both below and above the melt threshold. Heating and Re-alloying mitigate, but do not eliminate, these apparently thermomechanically-caused effects. Use of a 3-D geometry, and/or use of the tungsten in thin-film form may offer improved survivability compared to bulk tungsten. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Energy Sci Labs Inc, San Diego, CA USA. RP Renk, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1193,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjrenk@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 726 EP 731 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.301 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000138 ER PT J AU Bekris, N Skinner, CH Berndt, U Gentile, CA Glugla, M Erbe, A Pilz, W AF Bekris, N Skinner, CH Berndt, U Gentile, CA Glugla, M Erbe, A Pilz, W TI Assessment of the heating technique as a possible ex situ detritiation method for carbon wall materials from fusion machines SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID 1ST WALL; TRITIUM REMOVAL; SCANNING LASER; TEST REACTOR; TILES; TFTR; JET; CODEPOSITS; PROFILES AB Detritiation by heat treatment of graphite or carbon fibre composite (CFC) tiles retrieved from the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) was assessed using the standard and well proved technique of full combustion combined with liquid scintillation analysis. Complete carbon tiles were heated in a oven to 500 degreesC in air for one hour at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and sent to Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) for surface and depth profile analysis. Coring/full combustion technique performed on the treated and untreated tiles, both graphite and CFC, has shown that only the tritium held close to the surface (few tens mum) is efficiently released by baking in air while the bulk tritium is almost unaffected. Therefore, baking the tile under air, even at 500 degreesC, does not detritiate the bulk. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Tritium Lab, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Hot Cells, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Bekris, N (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Tritium Lab, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM nicolas.bekris@hvt.fzk.de RI Bekris Dr, Nicolas/F-9104-2014 OI Bekris Dr, Nicolas/0000-0003-3621-9082 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 814 EP 819 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.158 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000156 ER PT J AU Barabash, V Snead, LL AF Barabash, V Snead, LL TI Modified formula for the assessment of the thermal response of neutron irradiated CFC SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID CARBON-FIBER COMPOSITES; CONDUCTIVITY; DIVERTOR AB The available thermal conductivity data for various neutron-irradiated 2-3 dimensional carbon fibre composite materials have been collected and have been critically reviewed with respect to possible application in the ITER divertor. The empirical correlations are proposed that match the thermal conductivity data and allow interpolate or extrapolate of the behaviour in the wide temperature (similar to150-3000 degreesC) and fluence (0-0.1 dpa) ranges of interest for ITER. These include the correlations for materials with 'high' ( greater than or similar to 200 W/m K) initial thermal conductivity and for materials with moderate (similar to100 W/mK) thermal conductivity. Using the proposed formula the thermal performance of CFC armoured ITER divertor is assessed. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 INER, Int Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barabash, V (reprint author), INER, Int Team, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM barabav@itereu.de NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 860 EP 864 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.215 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000165 ER PT J AU Li, MM Singh, BN Stubbins, JF AF Li, MM Singh, BN Stubbins, JF TI Room temperature creep-fatigue response of selected copper alloys for high heat flux applications SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID DAMAGE MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR AB Two copper alloys, dispersion-strengthened CuAl25 and precipitation-hardened CuCrZr, were examined under fatigue and fatigue with hold time loading conditions. Tests were carried out at room temperature and hold times were imposed at maximum tensile and maximum compressive strains. It was found that hold times could be damaging even at room temperature, well below temperatures typically associated with creep. Hold times resulted in shorter fatigue lives in the high cycle fatigue, long life regime (i.e., at low strain amplitudes) than those of materials tested under the same conditions without hold times. The influence of hold times on fatigue life in the low cycle fatigue, short life regime (i.e., at high strain amplitudes) was minimal. When hold time effects were observed, fatigue lives were reduced with hold times as short as two seconds. Appreciable stress relaxation was observed during the hold period at all applied strain levels in both tension and compression. In all cases, stresses relaxed quickly within the first few seconds of the hold period and much more gradually thereafter. The CuAl25 alloy showed a larger effect of hold time on reduction of high cycle fatigue life than did the CuCrZr alloy. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Nucl Engn Lab 214, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Stubbins, JF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Nucl Engn Lab 214, 103 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jstubbin@uiuc.edu NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 865 EP 869 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.278 PN A PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000166 ER PT J AU Sugiyama, K Tanabe, T Miyasaka, K Masaki, K Tobita, K Miya, N Philipps, V Rubel, M Skinner, CH Gentile, CA Saze, T Nishizawa, K AF Sugiyama, K Tanabe, T Miyasaka, K Masaki, K Tobita, K Miya, N Philipps, V Rubel, M Skinner, CH Gentile, CA Saze, T Nishizawa, K TI Tritium profile in plasma-facing components following D-D operation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID IMAGING PLATE TECHNIQUE; CO-DEPOSITED LAYERS; W-SHAPED DIVERTOR; JT-60U; JET; TFTR; RETENTION; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; EROSION AB We have investigated the tritium depth profile near the surface of the limiter/divertor tiles used in the deuterium fueled machines, such as TEXTOR, TFTR and JT-60U by means of the imaging plate technique and a tritium survey monitor. Tritium depth profiles near the surface of the sample tiles were estimated by comparing the experimental results to a calculation using a 3-D Monte-Carlo code. In every sample tile, there was little tritium in the range from the surface to 1 mum depth. In contrast, tritium density tended to increase beyond 1 mum depth. These results indicate that the tritium retained near the surface was easily removed by isotope exchange with a deuterium plasma or various other tritium removal operations. On the other hand, such operations did not remove tritium retained beyond 1 mum depth, and this could be a potential issue in a next D-T machine. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Nucl Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Facil, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasma Phys, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Royal Inst Technol, Alfven Lab, Assoc EURATOM VR, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Nagoya Univ, Radioisotope Ctr, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RP Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Nucl Engn, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. EM h022413m@mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 874 EP 879 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.345 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YU UT WOS:000223505000168 ER PT J AU Matsukawa, Y Zinkle, SJ AF Matsukawa, Y Zinkle, SJ TI Dynamic observation of the collapse process of a stacking fault tetrahedron by moving dislocations SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID QUENCHED GOLD; IRRADIATED COPPER; PURE GOLD; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; CRYSTALS; DEFECTS; METALS AB Dynamic observation of the microstructure of quenched gold during deformation in a transmission electron microscope revealed that stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) having perfect pyramid structure were collapsed by direct interaction with moving screw dislocations. Although a recent molecular dynamics computer simulation study found that truncation of SFT before interaction with moving dislocations is a necessary condition for the SFT collapse, the present experimental results clearly show that truncation of SFT is not a crucial factor for the collapse mechanism. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Matsukawa, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ym2@ornl.gov RI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/C-2274-2011; OI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/0000-0002-7888-3478; Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 22 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.069 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200001 ER PT J AU Heinisch, HL Gao, F Kurtz, RJ AF Heinisch, HL Gao, F Kurtz, RJ TI The effects of interfaces on radiation damage production in layered metal composites SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID FCC AB Molecular dynamics computer simulations of 5 keV displacement cascades near cube-on-cube Cu-Ni interfaces have been performed. Both coherent interfaces (with large coherency stresses) and semi-coherent interfaces (with misfit dislocations in the interface) typical of nanolayer metal composites are considered. The primary damage state of cascades from 5 keV recoil atoms in the composite differs from that in cascades generated in pure Cu and Ni. In the semi-coherent case some defect clusters form directly on the misfit dislocations. Excluding these, the defect yields for both interface types are about two-thirds of the average yield of defects for cascades in the pure metals. In single cascades, as well as for overlapping multiple cascades, the numbers of surviving defects in the semi-coherent interface are significantly different in the Cu and Ni layers, but they are the same in Cu and Ni for the coherent case. Anti-site atomic mixing occurs near both types of interfaces, more so in the coherent case. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heinisch, HL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, P8-15,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hl.heinisch@pnl.gov RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 924 EP 928 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.142 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200002 ER PT J AU Zinkle, SJ Garner, FA AF Zinkle, SJ Garner, FA TI Effect of initial oxygen content on the void swelling behavior of fast neutron irradiated copper SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID ALLOYS; HELIUM; METALS; NUCLEATION; CLUSTERS; CU AB Density measurements were performed on high purity copper specimens containing less than or equal to10 and similar to90 wt ppm oxygen following irradiation in FFTF MOTA 2B. Significant amounts of swelling were observed in both the low-oxygen and oxygen-doped specimens following irradiation to similar to17 dpa at 375 degreesC and similar to47 dpa at 430 degreesC. Oxygen doping up to 360 appm (similar to90 wt ppm) did not significantly affect the void swelling of copper for these irradiation conditions. This implies that surface energy reduction associated with oxygen segregation and chemisorption on void surfaces is not a significant factor controlling the void swelling behavior in copper irradiated with neutrons to high doses at similar to400 degreesC. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zinkle, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 938 EP 941 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.060 PN B PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200005 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, N Byun, TS Farrell, K Zinkle, SJ AF Hashimoto, N Byun, TS Farrell, K Zinkle, SJ TI Deformation microstructure of neutron-irradiated pure polycrystalline metals SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID COPPER; STRENGTH; CRYSTALS AB The effects of neutron-irradiation near 80 degreesC on the deformation behavior of pure polycrystalline metals vanadium (body centered cubic, BCC), copper (face centered cubic, FCC) and zirconium (hexagonal close packed, HCP) have been investigated. Dislocation channel deformation is observed in all metals, and is coincident with prompt plastic instability at yield. Dislocation pileup was observed at grain boundaries in the deformed vanadium irradiated to 0.012 dpa, indicating that channel formation could lead to dislocation pileup and the resulting stress localization could be a source of grain boundary cracking. TEM analysis suggests that the loss of work hardening capacity in irradiated V, Cu, and Zr at higher doses is mainly due to dislocation channeling in local regions that experience a high resolved shear stress. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hashimoto, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS 6136, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hashimoton@ornl.gov RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 947 EP 952 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.063 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200007 ER PT J AU Oliver, BM Causey, RA Maloy, SA AF Oliver, BM Causey, RA Maloy, SA TI Deuterium retention and release from highly irradiated annealed tungsten after exposure to a deuterium DC glow discharge SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID HYDROGEN; MOLYBDENUM; REACTOR; TDS AB Samples from tungsten rods irradiated by 800 MeV protons in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center have been used in experiments to study the effects of radiation damage and annealing on the retention of hydrogen isotopes. These samples were annealed and then exposed to deuterium ions using a DC glow discharge. Following exposure, the samples were subjected to a linear temperature ramp from similar to300 to similar to1500 K, and the offgas analyzed by mass spectrometry. The results indicate that annealing to a temperature of only 1273 K for 6 h effectively removed all irradiation-produced traps, and that hydrogen trapping at voids is not as prevalent as had been assumed. Modeling the deuterium release suggests that most of the trapping occurred in near-surface 1.4 eV traps, in a low concentration of uniform 1.4 eV traps, and in 0.95 eV traps likely resulting from oxygen diffusion from the original water-cooled irradiation environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oliver, BM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,M-S P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.oliver@pnl.gov RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 977 EP 981 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat..2004.04.067 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200013 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Farrell, K Hashimoto, N AF Byun, TS Farrell, K Hashimoto, N TI Plastic instability behavior of bcc and hcp metals after low temperature neutron irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; DESIGN AB Plastic instability in uniaxial tensile deformation has been investigated for the body centered cubic (bcc) and hexagonal close packed (hcp) pure metals, V, Nb, Mo, and Zr, after low temperature (60-100 degreesC) neutron irradiation up to 0.7 dpa. Relatively ductile metals, V, Nb, and Zr, experienced uniform deformation prior to necking at low doses and prompt plastic instability at yield at high doses. Mo failed in a brittle mode within the elastic limit at doses above 0.0001 dpa. V showed a quasi-brittle failure at the highest dose of 0.69 dpa. In the ductile metals, plastic instability at yield occurred when the yield stress exceeded the plastic instability stress (PIS), which was nearly independent of dose. The PIS values for V, Nb, Mo, and Zr were about 390, 370, 510, and 170 MPa, respectively. The coincidence of plastic instability at yield and dislocation channeling cannot be generalized for all metallic materials. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS-6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM byunts@ornl.gov RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 998 EP 1002 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.071 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200017 ER PT J AU Garner, FA Gelles, DS Greenwood, LR Okita, T Sekimura, N Wolfer, WG AF Garner, FA Gelles, DS Greenwood, LR Okita, T Sekimura, N Wolfer, WG TI Synergistic influence of displacement rate and helium/dpa ratio on swelling of Fe-(9,12)Cr binary alloys in FFTF at similar to 400 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID IRRADIATION; REACTOR AB Contrary to the behavior of swelling of model fcc Fe-Cr-Ni alloys irradiated in the same FFTF-MOTA experiment, model bcc Fe-Cr alloys do not exhibit a strong dependence of swelling on dpa rate at similar to400 degreesC. This is surprising in that an apparent flux sensitivity was observed in an earlier comparative irradiation of the same Fe-Cr binaries conducted in EBR-II and FFTF. The difference in behavior between the two experiments is ascribed to the higher helium generation rates of Fe-Cr alloys in EBR-II compared to that of FFTF, and also the fact that lower dpa rates in FFTF are accompanied by progressively lower helium generation rates. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,M-S P8-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.garner@pnl.gov RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1008 EP 1012 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.346 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200019 ER PT J AU Okita, T Wolfer, WG Garner, FA Sekimura, N AF Okita, T Wolfer, WG Garner, FA Sekimura, N TI Influence of boron on void swelling in model austenitic steels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ALLOYS; HELIUM AB Model austenitic steels based on Fe-15Cr-16Ni with additions of 0.25Ti, 500 appm B, or 0.25Ti-500 appm B were irradiated in FFTF/MOTA over a wide range of dose rates at similar to400 degreesC. In addition to the effect of dose rate on swelling, it was desired to study the effect of boron addition to produce variations in He/dpa ratio. A strong effect of dose rate was observed, so strong that the relatively small distances separating the boron-free and doped alloys introduced a complication into the experiment. For specimens irradiated within the core, boron addition had no significant effect. For irradiations conducted near or outside the core edge, swelling appeared to be either enhanced or decreased by boron. The variability was a consequence of a strong dose rate effect overwhelming the influence of boron and helium. It is shown that helium exerted little influence relative to other important factors in these alloys. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. RP Okita, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM okita1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1013 EP 1016 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.126 PN B PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200020 ER PT J AU Edwards, DJ Singh, BN AF Edwards, DJ Singh, BN TI Evolution of cleared channels in neutron-irradiated pure copper as a function of tensile strain SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID DISLOCATION LOOPS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Tensile specimens of pure copper were neutron irradiated at similar to323 K to a displacement dose of 0.3 dpa (displacement per atom). Five irradiated specimens were tensile tested at 300 K, but four of the specimens were stopped at specific strains -just before the yield point at similar to90% of the macroscopic yield, at 1.5% and 5% elongation, and near the ultimate tensile strength at 14.5% elongation, with the 5th specimen tested to failure (e(T) = 22%). SEM and TEM characterization of the deformed specimens revealed that the plastic strain was confined primarily to the 'cleared' channels only, and that channels were present in a low number even before the macroscopic yield. New primary channels and secondary channels continued to form with increasing strain, suggesting the increase in stress was related directly to the initiation of new channels as earlier sources were exhausted. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Struct & Performance Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Edwards, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Struct & Performance Grp, POB 999,MSIN P8-16, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dan.edwards@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1072 EP 1077 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.022 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200032 ER PT J AU Pan, X Wu, XL Li, MM Stubbins, JF AF Pan, X Wu, XL Li, MM Stubbins, JF TI Modeling tensile response and flow localization effects in selected copper alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION AB Radiation-induced defect structures are known to elevate material yield strength and reduce material ductility. Together, these changes substantially reduce uniform elongation compared to the unirradiated material condition so that the small strains induce plastic instability. This process, commonly known as flow localization, is examined here for selected copper alloys and compared to similar response in 316SS. It is found that uniform elongation levels are limited by a critical material strength which is independent of the irradiation damage state. This result establishes that the details of the post-yield flow and strain hardening processes are less important than the critical stress for controlling plastic instability. In the case of OFHC Cu, post-irradiation heat treatment restores some initial ductility, but also reduces the critical stress for incipient flow localization. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Nucl Engn Lab 214, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stubbins, JF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Nucl Engn Lab 214, 103 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jstubbin@uiuc.edu NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1088 EP 1092 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.027 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200035 ER PT J AU Hiratani, M Bulatov, VV Zbib, HM AF Hiratani, M Bulatov, VV Zbib, HM TI Orientation dependent elastic interaction between a truncated stacking fault tetrahedron and a glissile dislocation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; FCC METALS AB The orientation dependence of elastic interaction between a stacking fault tetrahedron (SFT) and mobile dislocations is investigated for the possibility of unfaulting and subsequent absorption of the SFT. The obtained result indicates that 60degrees dislocations have stronger interaction with the spontaneously truncated SFT than pure screws or edges. Due to the high activation energy, the collapse and absorption of the SFTs seems to be limited to the cases where the approaching dislocations along <110> directly cut the SFTs symmetrically. The anisotropic energetics can contribute to the spatially limited growth of defect-cleared channels observed in the irradiated materials. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA USA. RP Hiratani, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-353,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hiratani1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1103 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.032 PN B PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200038 ER PT J AU Greenwood, LR Garner, FA AF Greenwood, LR Garner, FA TI Impact of transmutation issues on interpretation of data obtained from fast reactor irradiation experiments SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; VANADIUM ALLOYS; SPECTRA; DENSITY AB The subject of fission-fusion correlation is usually cast in terms of reactor-to-reactor differences, but recently the fusion community has become aware of the impact of differences within a given surrogate facility, especially in constant time experiments when different dose levels are attained in different positions of one reactor. For some materials, it is not safe to assume that in-reactor spectral variations are small and of no consequence. This point is illustrated using calculations for fusion-relevant materials that were irradiated in the Fast Flux Test Facility-Materials Open Test Assembly (FFTF-MOTA) over a wide range of in-core and out-of-core positions spanning more than two orders of magnitude in dpa rate. It is shown that although both the neutron spectrum and flux changes, the spectral effectiveness factor, dpa/10(22) n/cm(2) (E > 0.1 MeV), remains remarkably constant over this range. The transmutation rate per dpa varies strongly with reactor position, however. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,M-S P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM larry.greenwood@pnl.gov RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1147 EP 1150 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.272 PN B PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200047 ER PT J AU Mota, F Caturla, MJ Perlado, JM Dominguez, E Kubota, A AF Mota, F Caturla, MJ Perlado, JM Dominguez, E Kubota, A TI Atomistic simulations of threshold displacement energies in SiO2 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID SILICA; DAMAGE AB Silica is one of the candidate materials for final focusing mirrors in inertial fusion reactors. This material will be exposed to high neutron irradiation fluxes during operation. Radiation damage results in point defects that can lead to obscuration of this material; that is, degradation of the optical properties of silica. In this paper, we present molecular dynamic simulations of defect production in silica glass. Results on the threshold displacement energies due to oxygen primary knock-on atoms (PKA) are reported concluding that a range of energies (20-40 eV) exists in which the defects have a probability to be created. In addition, we determine a range of distances for a PKA to become a stable defect from its original position. Our present analysis is focused on the formation of oxygen deficient centers (ODC). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSII, Inst Fus Nucl, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Aplicada, Alicante, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Mota, F (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSII, Inst Fus Nucl, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM mota@denim.upm.es RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; Mota, Fernando/H-1741-2016 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; Mota, Fernando/0000-0002-1337-2482 NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1190 EP 1193 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.264 PN B PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200056 ER PT J AU Kurtz, RJ Heinisch, HL AF Kurtz, RJ Heinisch, HL TI The effects of grain boundary structure on binding of He in Fe SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID HELIUM EMBRITTLEMENT; TILT BOUNDARY; METALS; MECHANISMS; DEFECTS; BUBBLES; NICKEL; CREEP; IRON AB Computer simulations were performed to explore the effect of grain boundary (GB) structure and properties on the binding of He to boundaries in Fe. Symmetrical tilt GBs spanning a range of GB energies and excess volumes were examined. Molecular statics was used to map the He trapping efficiency at numerous substitutional and interstitial sites in and near each GB. The results showed that both substitutional and interstitial He atoms were trapped at GBs. Interstitial He was more strongly bound (E-gb(i) similar to 0.5-2.7 eV) to the GB core than substitutional He (E-gb(s) similar to 0.2-0.8 eV). The He binding energy was found to increase linearly with GB excess volume. The He capture radius varied from similar to0.3 to 0.7 nm and also depended on GB properties. Finally, the He binding energy varied significantly within the GB core and approximately corresponded to the variation in atomic excess volume normal to the GB plane. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kurtz, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rj.kurtz@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1199 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.262 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200058 ER PT J AU Osetsky, YN Stoller, RE Matsukawa, Y AF Osetsky, YN Stoller, RE Matsukawa, Y TI Dislocation-stacking fault tetrahedron interaction: what can we learn from atomic-scale modelling SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID METALS; ACCUMULATION; DYNAMICS; FCC AB The high number density of stacking fault tetrahedra (SFTs) observed in irradiated fcc metals suggests that they should contribute to radiation-induced hardening and, therefore, taken into account when estimating mechanical properties changes of irradiated materials. The central issue is describing the individual interaction between a moving dislocation and an SFT, which is characterized by a very fine size scale, similar to100 nm. This scale is amenable to both in situ TEM experiments and large-scale atomic modelling. In this paper we present results of an atomistic simulation of dislocation-SFT interactions using molecular dynamics (MD). The results are compared with observations from in situ deformation experiments. It is demonstrated that in some cases the simulations and experimental observations are quite similar, suggesting a reasonable interpretation of experimental observations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Osetsky, YN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 4500S,MS-6138, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM osetskiyyn@ornl.gov RI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/C-2274-2011; Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; OI Matsukawa, Yoshitaka/0000-0002-7888-3478; Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 11 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1228 EP 1232 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.257 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200064 ER PT J AU Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN AF Bacon, DJ Osetsky, YN TI Hardening due to copper precipitates in alpha-iron studied by atomic-scale modelling SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID IRRADIATION; METALS; ALLOY; CU AB We present results of a large-scale atomic-level study of dislocation-precipitate interaction. We have considered a (1)/(2) <1 1 1> edge dislocation gliding in alpha-iron containing coherent copper precipitates of size from 0.7 to 6 nm over a temperature range from 0 to 450 K. The results demonstrate that some features are qualitatively consistent with earlier theoretical conclusions, e.g. the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) is proportional to L-1 and In(D), where L and D are precipitate spacing and diameter. Other features, which are intrinsic to the atomic-level nature of the dislocation-precipitate interaction, include strong dependence of the CRSS on temperature, dislocation climb and precipitate phase transformation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bacon, DJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. EM djbacon@liv.ac.uk NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1233 EP 1237 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.256 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200065 ER PT J AU Stoller, RE Guiriec, SG AF Stoller, RE Guiriec, SG TI Secondary factors influencing cascade damage formation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; ALPHA-IRON; SIMULATIONS; SURFACES; METALS; BCC AB Primary cascade damage production in iron has been extensively investigated by molecular dynamics, and the average defect production as a function of cascade energy and temperature is well characterized. However, preliminary results indicate several factors alter 'normal' cascade evolution, leading to quite different defect production behavior. Further investigation of three such factors has been carried out: (1) primary knock-on atom (PKA) direction, (2) nearby free surfaces, and (3) pre-existing effects. Results of the investigation confirm these factors significantly impact damage production. Effects include: enhanced defect survival for PKA directions lying in close-packed {110} planes, increased point defect clustering and larger defect clusters in cascades initiated near a surface, and reduced defect survival in material containing defects. The origin and implications of these effects are discussed relative to the interpretation of certain experimental observations and parameters used in other modeling studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rkn@ornl.gov RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1238 EP 1242 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.288 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200066 ER PT J AU Odette, GR Yamamoto, T Kishimoto, H Sokolov, M Spatig, P Yang, WJ Rensman, JW Lucas, GE AF Odette, GR Yamamoto, T Kishimoto, H Sokolov, M Spatig, P Yang, WJ Rensman, JW Lucas, GE TI A master curve analysis of F82H using statistical and constraint loss size adjustments of small specimen data SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID TRANSITION; TOUGHNESS; FRACTURE; STEEL AB We assembled a fracture toughness database for the IEA heat of F82H based on a variety of specimen sizes with a nominal ASTM E1921 master curve (MC) reference temperature T-0 = -119 +/- 3 degreesC. However, the data are not well represented by a MC. To decreases systematically with a decreasing deformation limit M-lim. starting at approximate to200, which is much higher than the E1921 censoring limit of 30, indicating large constraint loss in small specimens. The small scale yielding T-0 at high M-lim is approximate to98 +/- 5 degreesC. While, the scatter was somewhat larger than predicted, after model-based adjustments for the effects of constraint loss, the data are in reasonably good agreement with a MC with T-0 = -98 degreesC. This supports to use of MC methods to characterize irradiation embrittlement, as long as both constraint loss and statistical size effects are properly accounted for. Finally, we note various issues, including sources of the possible excess scatter, which remain to be fully assessed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. GRPP, EPFL, Zurich, Switzerland. NRG Petten, Petten, Netherlands. RP Odette, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM odette@engineering.ucsb.edu NR 13 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1243 EP 1247 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.255 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200067 ER PT J AU Smolik, G Pawelko, R Morimoto, Y Okuno, K Anderl, R Petti, D Terai, T AF Smolik, G Pawelko, R Morimoto, Y Okuno, K Anderl, R Petti, D Terai, T TI Mobilization measurements from Flibe under argon and air flow SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID PRESSURES AB Flibe a molten salt consisting of 2LiF:BeF2 has interest as cooling and tritium breeding media in both magnetic and inertial fusion. Key safety issues are the mobilization of vapors and aerosols from accidental introduction of air, moist air, or steam to the molten salt. Mobilization tests were performed with argon, air and moist air using a classical transpiration apparatus designed for vapor pressure determinations. Vapor pressures determined between 500 and 800 degreesC in flowing argon, assuming BeF2 and LiBeF3 as the vapor species, are 2-3 times lower than those predicted by recent vapor pressure models. Mobilization rates were comparable in all environments. Some lithium-bearing species provides an increasing contribution to the overall mobilization with temperature and a greater role in mobilization in the air environments. Estimates of mass flux values (kg/m(2) s) are obtained and assessed with regard to relevance for safety assessments of molten salt breeder blanket designs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Shizuoka Univ, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Smolik, G (reprint author), INEEL, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM grs1@inel.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1322 EP 1326 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.221 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200085 ER PT J AU Anderl, RA Fukada, S Smolik, GR Pawelko, RJ Schuetz, ST Sharpe, JP Merrill, BJ Petti, DA Nishimura, H Terai, T Tanaka, S AF Anderl, RA Fukada, S Smolik, GR Pawelko, RJ Schuetz, ST Sharpe, JP Merrill, BJ Petti, DA Nishimura, H Terai, T Tanaka, S TI Deuterium/tritium behavior in Flibe and Flibe-facing materials SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID HELICAL REACTOR FFHR; MOLTEN LI2BEF4 SALT; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; TRITIUM RECOVERY; HYDROGEN; RELEASE; SOLUBILITIES; DIFFUSION; BLANKET AB Experimental studies to investigate the behavior of deuterium and tritium in the molten salt Flibe (2LiF (.) BeF2) have been conducted as part of the Japan-US joint research program (JUPITER-II). Measurements of deuterium transport were made in a cylindrically symmetric, dual permeation probe assembly containing 400 cc of Flibe. An exact analytical transport solution in cylindrical coordinates was fit to the measured permeation data, and this analysis derived deuterium diffusion and solubility coefficients of 8.0 X 10(-10) m(2)/s and 3.1 X 10(-4) mol/m(3) Pa at 600 degreesC, respectively, and 3.0 x 10(-9) m(2)/s and 1.0 X 10(-4) mol/m(3) Pa at 650 degreesC. The diffusion coefficients were about a factor of two less than previous results derived from capillary-reservoir diffusion measurements with tritium. Solubility results were significantly greater than previously measured for D-2 but they were comparable to those for DF in Flibe. The results suggest that the dominant deuterium transport species in Flibe was D+F- for these experiments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Kyushu Univ, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Anderl, RA (reprint author), INEEL, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM raa@inel.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1327 EP 1331 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.220 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200086 ER PT J AU Sharafat, S Ghoniem, N Zinkle, S AF Sharafat, S Ghoniem, N Zinkle, S TI Thermodynamic stability of oxide, nitride, and carbide coating materials in liquid Sn-25Li SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID LITHIUM AB Tin-lithium (Sn-Li) has been identified as a candidate liquid metal coolant for fusion power reactors. Sn-Li coolants offer a number of advantages compared with pure lithium. The vapor pressure of Sn-25Li (0.25 Li mol fraction) is a factor of similar to1000 lower than that of pure Li, which allows an increase in coolant temperatures by as much as 450 K. Experimental data of the stability of ceramic materials in Sn-Li is scarce. The thermodynamic stability of various oxides, carbides, and nitrides in Sn-Li is estimated as a function of lithium composition and temperature at saturated solute concentrations by evaluating the Gibbs free energy of reaction, (Delta(r)G). At 773 K most of the studied nitrides, carbides, and some oxides were found to be stable (Delta(r)G > 0). However, oxides of Fe-based alloys, such as Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 were found to be unstable (Delta(r)G < 0) for all lithium compositions. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fus Mat Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sharafat, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, 46-127A Engr 4, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM shahrams@ucla.edu RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1429 EP 1433 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.210 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200108 ER PT J AU Son, SJ Park, KH Katoh, Y Kohyama, A AF Son, SJ Park, KH Katoh, Y Kohyama, A TI Interfacial reactions and mechanical properties of W-SiC in-situ joints for plasma facing components SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID FUSION ENERGY APPLICATIONS; SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; MOLYBDENUM; TUNGSTEN; CONTACT; ISSUES AB Joints of tungsten and SiC were produced by a hot-pressing method and characterized on interfacial reaction and ambient temperature mechanical properties. Reaction phases were identified and the diffusion path was demonstrated by means of quantitative analysis. Four distinctive reaction phases, namely tungsten silicides (WSi2, W5Si3) and tungsten carbides (WC, W2C), were formed in various processing conditions. Complex reactions were confirmed in tungsten-SiC diffusion pair, and the diffusion path was experimentally verified as SiC/WSi2/WC/W5Si3/W2C/W. Mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by flexural and shear tests. Joint shear strength as high as similar to90 MPa was obtained even when substantial interfacial reaction occurred, however, excessive growth of the reaction layer caused a severe degradation in strength. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kohyama Lab, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Energy Sci, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Son, SJ (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kohyama Lab, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. EM sjson@iae.kyoto-u.ac.jp OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1549 EP 1552 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.285 PN B PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200134 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Yoshiie, T Muroga, T Yoshida, N Iwai, T Edwards, DJ AF Xu, Q Yoshiie, T Muroga, T Yoshida, N Iwai, T Edwards, DJ TI Microstructural evolution and hardness changes in the interface of Cu/316L joint materials under aging and ion irradiation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN ID HEAT-TREATMENTS; ALLOY AB The effects of aging and ion irradiation on microstructure stability and hardness change in the joint materials of CuNiBe/316L and CuAl25/316L have been investigated in the present study, The aging at 673 K for 1000 h or Ni ion irradiation at 573 and 673 K to 10 dpa did not promote the interdiffusion and void swelling at the interface. The hardness in both Cu alloys and stainless steel was increased by irradiation, however, it was decreased by aging except for CuNiBe alloy. The hardness change in CuNiBe alloy was larger than that in CuAl25 alloy. The hardness changes would have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of joint materials. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Univ, Res Reactor Inst, Osaka 5900494, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Nucl Sci & Technol, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Res Reactor Inst, Osaka 5900494, Japan. EM xu@rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1558 EP 1562 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.326 PN B PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200136 ER PT J AU Wong, CPC Malang, S Sawan, M Sviatoslavsky, I Mogahed, E Smolentsev, S Majumdar, S Merrill, B Mattas, R Friend, M Bolin, J Sharafat, S AF Wong, CPC Malang, S Sawan, M Sviatoslavsky, I Mogahed, E Smolentsev, S Majumdar, S Merrill, B Mattas, R Friend, M Bolin, J Sharafat, S TI APEX advanced ferritic steel, Flibe self-cooled first wall and blanket design SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fusion Reactor Materials (ICFRM) CY DEC 07-12, 2003 CL Kyoto, JAPAN AB As an element in the US Advanced Power Extraction (APEX) program, we evaluated the design option of using advanced nanocomposite ferritic steel (AFS) as the structural material and Flibe as the tritium breeder and coolant. We selected the recirculating flow configuration as our reference design. Based on the material properties of AFS, we found that the reference design can handle a maximum surface heat flux of 1 MW/m(2), and a maximum neutron wall loading of 5.4 MW/m(2), with a gross thermal efficiency of 47%, while meeting all the tritium breeding and structural design requirements. This paper covers the results of the following areas of evaluation: materials selection, first wall and blanket design configuration, materials compatibility, components fabrication, neutronics analysis, thermal hydraulics analysis including MHD effects, structural analysis, molten salt and helium closed cycle power conversion system, and safety and waste disposal of the recirculating coolant design. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Fus Nucl Technol Consulting, D-76351 Linkenheim, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wong, CPC (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM clement.wong@gat.com NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2004 VL 329 BP 1599 EP 1604 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.348 PN B PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 848YW UT WOS:000223505200145 ER PT J AU Caves, CM Deutsch, IH Blume-Kohout, R AF Caves, CM Deutsch, IH Blume-Kohout, R TI Physical-resource requirements and the power of quantum computation SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise CY JUN 01-04, 2003 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Natl Semicond Corp, Fred Seitz Mat Res Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Telecommun Task Force DE quantum information; quantum computation; entanglement; quantum mechanics; scalability ID ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTER; STATES AB The primary resource for quantum computation is the Hilbert-space dimension. Whereas Hilbert space itself is an abstract construction, the number of dimensions available to a system is a physical quantity that requires physical resources. Avoiding a demand for an exponential amount of these resources places a fundamental constraint on the systems that are suitable for scalable quantum computation. To be scalable, the number of degrees of freedom in the computer must grow nearly linearly with the number of qubits in an equivalent qubit-based quantum computer. These considerations rule out quantum computers based on a single particle, a single atom, or a single molecule consisting of a fixed number of atoms or on classical waves manipulated using the transformations of linear optics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM caves@info.phys.unm.edu RI Caves, Carlton/K-8167-2014; Deutsch, Ivan/D-1882-2009 OI Caves, Carlton/0000-0001-8876-1186; Deutsch, Ivan/0000-0002-1733-5750 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 8 SI SI BP S801 EP S806 AR PII S1464-4266(04)72399-X DI 10.1088/1464-4266/6/8/027 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 877JO UT WOS:000225565000029 ER PT J AU Milonni, PW Carter, JH Peterson, CG Hughes, RJ AF Milonni, PW Carter, JH Peterson, CG Hughes, RJ TI Effects of propagation through atmospheric turbulence on photon statistics SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise CY JUN 01-04, 2003 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Natl Semicond Corp, Fred Seitz Mat Res Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Telecommun Task Force DE photon statistics; atmospheric turbulence; log-normal distribution ID WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; COUNTING STATISTICS; LIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; INTENSITY; SCINTILLATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; INVERSION AB The theory of the photon statistics of a beam propagated over a horizontal path in air is described and applied to the counting distribution and fade probability for weak laser pulses. Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment for values of the refractive-index structure constant within an expected range and for various simplifying assumptions, including the assumption of a log-normal distribution for the fluctuations of the mean photon number due to atmospheric turbulence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Milonni, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pwm@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 6 IS 8 SI SI BP S742 EP S745 AR PII S1464-4266(04)72017-0 DI 10.1088/1464-4266/6/8/018 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 877JO UT WOS:000225565000020 ER PT J AU Pinar, A Aykanat, C AF Pinar, A Aykanat, C TI Fast optimal load balancing algorithms for 1D partitioning SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE one-dimensional partitioning-; optimal load balancing; chains-on-chains partitioning; dynamic programming; iterative refinement; parametric search; parallel sparse matrix vector multiplication; image-space parallel volume rendering ID PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS; SPARSE; DECOMPOSITION; SEQUENCES AB The one-dimensional decomposition of nonuniform workload arrays with optimal load balancing is investigated. The problem has been studied in the literature as the "chains-on-chains partitioning" problem. Despite the rich literature on exact algorithms, heuristics. are still used in parallel computing community with the "hope" of good decompositions and the "myth" of exact algorithms being hard to implement and not runtime efficient. We show that exact algorithms yield significant improvements in load balance over heuristics with negligible overhead. Detailed pseudocodes of the proposed algorithms are provided for reproducibility. We start with a literature review and propose improvements and efficient implementation tips for these algorithms. We also introduce novel algorithms that are asymptotically and runtime efficient. Our experiments on sparse matrix and direct volume rendering datasets verify that balance can be significantly improved by using exact algorithms. The proposed exact algorithms are 100 times faster than a single sparse-matrix vector multiplication for 64-way decompositions on the average. We conclude that exact algorithms with proposed efficient implementations can effectively replace heuristics. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Bilkent Univ, Dept Comp Engn, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Bilkent Univ, Dept Comp Engn, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. EM apinar@lbl.gov; aykanat@cs.bilkent.edu.tr NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 EI 1096-0848 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 8 BP 974 EP 996 DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2004.05.003 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 848YF UT WOS:000223503400007 ER PT J AU Wang, G De, J Schoeniger, JS Roe, DC Carbonell, RG AF Wang, G De, J Schoeniger, JS Roe, DC Carbonell, RG TI A hexamer peptide ligand that binds selectively to staphylococcal enterotoxin B: isolation from a solid phase combinatorial library SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE affinity adsorption; combinatorial peptide library; peptide ligands; staphylococcal enterotoxin B ID SHOCK-SYNDROME TOXIN-1; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA-PROTEINS; FACTOR-VIII; PURIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; EPITOPE; PHAGE; FRACTIONATION AB By screening a solid-phase combinatorial peptide library, a short peptide ligand, YYWLHH, has been discovered that binds with high affinity and selectivity to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), but only weakly to other SEs that share sequence and structural homology with SEB. Using column affinity chromatography with an immobilized YYWLHH stationary phase, it was possible to separate SEB quantitatively from Staphylococcus aureus fermentation broth, a complex mixture of proteins, carbohydrates and other biomolecules. The immobilized peptide was also used to purify native SEB from a mixture containing denatured and hydrolyzed SEB, and showed little cross-reactivity with other SEs. To our knowledge this is the first report of a highly specific short peptide ligand for SEB. Such a ligand is a potential candidate to replace antibodies for detection, removal and purification strategies for SEB. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carbonell, RG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 1017 Main Campus Dr,Centennial Campus,Partners Bl, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ruben@ncsu.edu NR 58 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 64 IS 2 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00170.x PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 837EU UT WOS:000222612100002 PM 15251031 ER PT J AU Moridis, GJ Collett, TS Dallimore, SR Satoh, T Hancock, S Weatherill, B AF Moridis, GJ Collett, TS Dallimore, SR Satoh, T Hancock, S Weatherill, B TI Numerical studies of gas production from several CH4 hydrate zones at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada SO JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE gas hydrates; hydrate dissociation; depressurization; thermal stimulation; numerical modeling AB The Mallik site represents an onshore permafrost-associated gas hydrate accumulation. in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada. A gas hydrate research well was drilled at the site in 1998. The objective of this study is the analysis of various gas production scenarios from five methane hydrale-bearing zones at the Mallik site. In Zone 91, numerical simulations using the EOSHYDR2 model indicated that gas production from hydrates at the Mallik site was possible by depressurizing a thin free gas zone at the base of the hydrate stability field. Horizontal wells appeared to have a slight advantage over vertical wells, while multiwell systems involving a combination of depressurization and thermal stimulation offered superior performance, especially when a hot noncondensible gas was injected. Zone 92, which involved a gas hydrate layer with an underlying aquifer, could yield significant amounts of gas originating entirely from gas hydrates, the volumes of which increased with the production rate. However, large amounts of water were also produced. Zones 3, 4 and 5 were lithologically isolated gas hydrate-bearing deposits with no underlying zones of mobile gas or water. In these zones, thermal stimulation by circulating hot water in the well was used to induce dissociation. Sensitivity studies indicated that the methane release from the hydrate accumulations increased with the gas hydrate saturation, the initial formation temperature, the temperature of the circulating water in the well, and the formation thermal conductivity. Methane production appears to be less sensitive to the specific heat of the rock and of the hydrate, and to the permeability of the formation. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Japan Natl Oil Corp, Chiba 2610025, Japan. Adams Pearson Associates Inc, Calgary, AB T2P 3T6, Canada. RP Moridis, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gjmor.dis@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 76 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-4105 J9 J PETROL SCI ENG JI J. Pet. Sci. Eng. PD AUG PY 2004 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.petrol.2004.02.015 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 848YZ UT WOS:000223505500006 ER EF