FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Zudova, D Wyrobek, AJ Bishop, J Marchetti, F AF Zudova, D Wyrobek, AJ Bishop, J Marchetti, F TI Impaired fertility in T-stock female mice after superovulation SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID GRISEOFULVIN-INDUCED ANEUPLOIDY; EARLY EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; METAPHASE-II OOCYTES; IMMATURE RATS; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE OOCYTES; 1ST CLEAVAGE; GENETIC-VARIATION AB Superovulation of female mice with exogenous gonadotrophins is routinely used for increasing the number of eggs ovulated by each female in reproductive and developmental studies. We report an unusual effect of superovulation on fertilization in mice. In vivo matings of superovulated T-stock females with B6C3F1 males resulted in a two-fold reduction (P < 0.001) in the frequencies of fertilized eggs compared with control B6C3F1 matings. in addition, approximately 22 h after mating, only 15% of fertilized eggs recovered in T-stock females had reached the metaphase stage of the first cleavage division versus 87% in B6C3F1 females (P < 0.0001). Matings with T-stock males did not improve the reproductive performance of T-stock females. To investigate the possible cause(s) for the impaired fertilization and zygotic development, the experiments were repeated using in vitro fertilization. Under these conditions, the frequencies of fertilized eggs were not different in superovulated T-stock and B6C3F1 females (51.7 +/- 6.0 and 64.5 +/- 3.8%, P = 0.10). There was a seven-fold increase in the frequencies of fertilized eggs that completed the first cell cycle of development after in vitro versus in vivo fertilization in T-stock females. These results rule out an intrinsic deficiency of the T-stock oocyte as the main reason for the impaired fertility after in vivo matings, and suggest that superovulation of T-stock females may induce a hostile oviductal and uterine environment with dramatic effects on fertilization and zygotic development. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Marchetti, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-448,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM marchetti2@llnl.gov OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y01-ES-8016, ES09117] NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIO SCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD NOV PY 2004 VL 128 IS 5 BP 573 EP 581 DI 10.1530/rep.1.00333 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 868MR UT WOS:000224918200010 PM 15509703 ER PT J AU Blyth, B AF Blyth, B TI Energizing a De-energizer - Reply SO RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Letter C1 US DOE, Idaho Operat Off, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Blyth, B (reprint author), US DOE, Idaho Operat Off, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INST INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M ST., NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0895-6308 J9 RES TECHNOL MANAGE JI Res.-Technol. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 6 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 867MI UT WOS:000224846300013 ER PT J AU Farahani, S Worrell, E Bryntse, G AF Farahani, S Worrell, E Bryntse, G TI CO2-free paper? SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE climate change; greenhouse gas emissions; paper; black liquor; gasification AB Black liquor gasification-combined cycle (BLGCC) is a new technology that has the potential to increase electricity production of a chemical pulping mill. Increased electricity generation in combination with the potential to use biomass (e.g. bark, hog fuel) more efficiently can result in increased power output compared to the conventional Tomlinson-boiler. Because the BLGCC enables an integrated pulp and paper mill to produce excess power, it can offset electricity produced by power plants. This may lead to reduction of the net-CO2 emissions. The impact of BLGCC to offset CO2 emissions from the pulp and paper industry is studied. We focus on two different plant designs and compare the situation in Sweden and the US. The CO2 emissions are studied as function of the share of recycled fibre used to make the paper. The study shows that under specific conditions the production of "CO2-free paper" is possible. First, energy efficiency in pulp and paper mills needs to be improved to allow the export of sufficient power to offset emissions from fossil fuels used in boilers and other equipment. Secondly, the net-CO2 emission per ton of paper depends strongly on the emission reduction credits for electricity export, and hence on the country or grid to which the paper mill is connected. Thirdly, supplemental use of biomass to replace fossil fuel inputs is important to reduce the overall emissions of the pulp and paper industry. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Dalarna Univ, Sch Engn, SE-78188 Borlange, Sweden. RP Worrell, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eworrell@lbl.gov RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013 OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 317 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.03.004 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864JP UT WOS:000224630100002 ER PT J AU Dale, L AF Dale, L TI Electricity price and Southern California's water supply options SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE electricity price; Southern California; conservation AB This paper evaluates the impact of fluctuating electricity prices on the cost of five options to increase the water supply to urban areas in Southern California-new surface storage, water purchases, desalination, wastewater recycling, and conservation. We show that the price of electricity required to produce and transport water influences the cost of water supply options and may alter the decision makers economic ranking of these options. When electricity prices are low, water purchase is the cost effective option. When prices exceed US$ 86/MWh, conservation of electricity and water through installation of high efficiency clothes washers is the most effective option. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dale, L (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Camilla Dunham Whitehead,Andre Fargeix,Golden Gat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lldale@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 42 IS 4 BP 337 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.03.002 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 864JP UT WOS:000224630100003 ER PT J AU Wishart, JF Cook, AR Miller, JR AF Wishart, JF Cook, AR Miller, JR TI The LEAF picosecond pulse radiolysis facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATHODE RF GUN; IONIC LIQUID METHYLTRIBUTYLAMMONIUM; ELECTRON-ACCELERATOR; SUPERCRITICAL ETHANE; HIGH-BRIGHTNESS; SOLVATED ELECTRON; TIME RESOLUTION; SINGLE BUNCH; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE AB The BNL Laser-Electron Accelerator Facility (LEAF) uses a laser-pulsed photocathode, radio-frequency electron gun to generate greater than or equal to7 ps pulses of 8.7 MeV electrons for pulse radiolysis experiments. The compact and operationally simple accelerator system includes synchronized laser pulses that can be used to probe or excite the electron-pulsed samples to examine the dynamics and reactivity of chemical species on the picosecond time scale. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wishart, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wishart@bnl.gov RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013; OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636; Cook, Andrew/0000-0001-6633-3447 NR 51 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4359 EP 4366 DI 10.1063/1.1807004 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900002 ER PT J AU Pinnaduwage, LA Hedden, DL Gehl, A Boiadjiev, VI Hawk, JE Farahi, RH Thundat, T Houser, EJ Stepnowski, S McGill, RA Deel, L Lareau, RT AF Pinnaduwage, LA Hedden, DL Gehl, A Boiadjiev, VI Hawk, JE Farahi, RH Thundat, T Houser, EJ Stepnowski, S McGill, RA Deel, L Lareau, RT TI A sensitive, handheld vapor sensor based on microcantilevers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID READ-OUT; CANTILEVERS AB We report the development of a handheld sensor based on piezoresistive microcantilevers that does not depend on optical detection, yet has high detection sensitivity. The sensor is able to detect vapors from the plastic explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate and hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine at levels below 10 parts per trillion within few seconds of exposure under ambient conditions. A differential measurement technique has yielded a rugged sensor that is unaffected by vibration and is able to function as a "sniffer." The microelectromechanical system sensor design allows for the incorporation of hundreds of microcantilevers with suitable coatings in order to achieve sufficient selectivity in the future, and thus could provide an inexpensive, unique platform for the detection of chemical, biological, and explosive materials. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Bur Alcohol Tobacco Fiearms & Explos, Washington, DC 20226 USA. William J Hughes Tech Ctr, Transportat Secur Adm, Transportat Secur Res & Dev Div, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4554 EP 4557 DI 10.1063/1.1804998 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900030 ER PT J AU Marley, NA Gaffney, JS White, RV Rodriguez-Cuadra, L Herndon, SE Dunlea, E Volkamer, RM Molina, LT Molina, MJ AF Marley, NA Gaffney, JS White, RV Rodriguez-Cuadra, L Herndon, SE Dunlea, E Volkamer, RM Molina, LT Molina, MJ TI Fast gas chromatography with luminol chemiluminescence detection for the simultaneous determination of nitrogen dioxide and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the atmosphere SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMBIENT AIR; PAN; NO2; MPAN; PPN AB An instrument has been designed and constructed for the simultaneous determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in atmospheric samples. The instrument's design is based on separation by fast gas chromatography (GC) with a 30 ft capillary column (DB-1) followed by detection by luminol chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescent reaction between NO2 or PAN and luminol takes place at the gas-liquid interface on the surface of a solid support. The chemiluminescent emission at 425 nm is detected with a photon counting module. The instrument is controlled by a 1.8 GHz Notebook computer with a WINDOWS 2000 operating system and a custom software application programmed in LABVIEW. Detection limits are in the low parts per trillion (ppt) with a time resolution of 30 s to 1 min. The instrument was operated during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area/Mexico City Megacity 2003 collaborative air quality study. Results for NO2 from this fast GC method were compared with results from a co-located differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS) and a tunable diode laser absorption spectromenter (TDLAS). The results support the application of the new luminol-based instrument for atmospheric measurements. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gaffney@anl.gov RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4595 EP 4605 DI 10.1063/1.1805271 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900037 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, SP Anderson, DT Anderson, FSB Talmadge, JN AF Gerhardt, SP Anderson, DT Anderson, FSB Talmadge, JN TI Electrode and Langmuir probe tools used for flow damping studies in the Helically Symmetric Experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BIASING EXPERIMENTS; BIASED ELECTRODE; PLASMA ROTATION; ION COLLECTION; MACH PROBE; TOKAMAK; FIELD; EDGE; STELLARATOR; CONFINEMENT AB A system of electrodes and Langmuir probes has been developed for the measurement of plasma flow damping in the Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX) stellarator. A biased electrode is used to apply a JxB torque to the plasma. The fast switching electrode power supply allows the electrode voltage to be applied in similar to1 mus, which is much faster than any of the plasma time scales; the electrode current is terminated on a similar time scale at the end of the electrode pulse. A pair of multitipped Mach probes have been designed to measure the plasma flows in a magnetic surface with good spatial and time resolution (Deltat>20 mus). The unmagnetized model by Hutchinson is used to analyze the Mach probe data, and radial force balance is found to be well satisfied during electrode bias. These probes allow for measurements of the transient response of the plasma flows and floating potential when the electrode is energized. An example of using the system for the estimation of viscous damping times in HSX is provided. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Gerhardt, SP (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM sgerhard@pppl.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4621 EP 4628 DI 10.1063/1.1804832 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900041 ER PT J AU Dudchik, YI Kolchevsky, NN Komarov, FF Piestrup, MA Cremer, JT Gary, CK Park, H Khounsary, AM AF Dudchik, YI Kolchevsky, NN Komarov, FF Piestrup, MA Cremer, JT Gary, CK Park, H Khounsary, AM TI Microspot x-ray focusing using a short focal-length compound refractive lenses SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPE AB We have fabricated and tested short focal-length compound refractive lenses (CRLs) composed of microbubbles embedded in epoxy encased in glass capillaries. The interface between the bubbles formed 90 to 350 spherical biconcave microlenses reducing the overall focal length inversely by the number of lenses or bubbles. When compared with CRLs manufactured using other methods, the microbubble lenses have shorter focal lengths with higher transmissions and larger gains for moderate energy x rays (e.g., 7-20 keV). We used beamline 2-3 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and beamline 5BM-D-DND at the Advanced Photon Source to measure focal lengths between 100-250 mm with lens apertures varying between 97 and 321 mum. Transmission profiles were measured giving, for example, a peak transmission of 46% for a 240 mm focal length CRL at 20 keV. The focal-spot sizes were also measured yielding, for example, a vertical spot size of 1.2 mum resulting from an approximate 20-fold demagnification of the APS 23 mum source size. The measured gains in intensity over that of unfocused beam were between 9 and 26. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Appl Phys Problems, Minsk 220064, Byelarus. Adelphi Technol Inc, San Carlos, CA 94070 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dudchik, YI (reprint author), Inst Appl Phys Problems, Kurchatova 7, Minsk 220064, Byelarus. EM dudchik@bsu.by; melpie@adelphitech.com NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4651 EP 4655 DI 10.1063/1.1809289 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900046 ER PT J AU Padilla, WJ Li, ZQ Burch, KS Lee, YS Mikolaitis, KJ Basov, DN AF Padilla, WJ Li, ZQ Burch, KS Lee, YS Mikolaitis, KJ Basov, DN TI Broadband multi-interferometer spectroscopy in high magnetic fields: From THz to visible SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE; SUPERCONDUCTOR; SPECTRA; LIGHT AB We present a system capable of broad band frequency domain spectroscopy in the range 6-20 000 cm(-1) at cryogenic temperatures. The apparatus couples two different interferometers to a 9 Tesla superconducting split coil magnet and is designed to work with various detectors, including thermal bolometers and semiconducting detectors. The optical layout utilizes an intermediate focus while preserving optical f/#'s throughout enabling DC magnetic field measurements of small crystals with polarized light in both Voight and Faraday geometries. A reference channel eliminates errors associated with system drift and facilitates determination of the optical constants. For transparent samples, simultaneous reflection and transmission can be performed. (C) 2004 Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Padilla, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10,MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008; OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847; Burch, Kenneth/0000-0002-7541-0245 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4710 EP 4717 DI 10.1063/1.1805252 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900053 ER PT J AU Kapp, OH Sun, Y Kim, KJ Crewe, AV AF Kapp, OH Sun, Y Kim, KJ Crewe, AV TI Modification of a scanning electron microscope to produce Smith-Purcell radiation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; LASERS AB We have modified a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in an attempt to produce a miniature free electron laser that can produce radiation in the far infrared region, which is difficult to obtain otherwise. This device is similar to the instrument studied by the Dartmouth group and functions on the basic principles first described by Smith and Purcell. The electron beam of the SEM is passed over a metal grating and should be capable of producing photons either in the spontaneous emission regime or in the superradiance regime if the electron beam is sufficiently bright. The instrument is capable of being continuously tuned by virtue of the period of the metal grating and the choice of accelerating voltage. The emitted Smith-Purcell photons exit the instrument via a polyethylene window and are detected by an infrared bolometer. Although we have obtained power levels exceeding nanowatts in the spontaneous emission regime, we have thus far not been able to detect a clear example of superradiance. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60539 USA. RP Kapp, OH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4732 EP 4741 DI 10.1063/1.1808894 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900057 ER PT J AU Blue, BE Hansen, JF Tobin, MT Eder, DC Robey, HF AF Blue, BE Hansen, JF Tobin, MT Eder, DC Robey, HF TI Debris mitigation in pinhole-apertured point-projection backlit imaging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY AB Pinhole-apertured point-projection x-ray radiography is an important diagnostic technique for obtaining high resolution, high contrast, and large field-of-view images used to diagnose the hydrodynamic evolution of high energy density experiments. In this technique, a pinhole aperture is placed between a laser irradiated foil (x-ray source) and an imaging detector. In the present geometry, the x rays that are not transmitted through the pinhole aperture, ablate the pinhole substrate's surface, and turn it into a flyer plate. The pinhole substrate then breaks apart into shrapnel, and that shrapnel can damage diagnostics inside the target chamber. In this letter, we present a technique on mitigating the debris by using a tilted pinhole. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Blue, BE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM blue3@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4775 EP 4777 DI 10.1063/1.1809288 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900063 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Braiman, Y Thundat, T AF Jeon, S Braiman, Y Thundat, T TI Cross talk between bending, twisting, and buckling modes of three types of microcantilever sensors SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE STRESS; FRICTION AB Microcantilevers generally deflect in three ways: bending, twisting, and buckling. Among these, the accurate measurement of bending is essential for atomic force microscopy imaging and sensing applications. However, it was found that the bending of certain cantilevers can be coupled with twisting and buckling of the cantilever. In this article, cross talk between bending and twisting modes of microcantilevers of three different designs such as rectangular, triangular, and piezoresistive cantilevers is described. For the experiments, a thermal stress was applied to the rectangular and triangular cantilevers, and a Lorentz force was exerted on the triangular and the piezoresistive cantilevers. While the bending of the rectangular cantilever induced a negligible amount of twisting when heated, the triangular cantilevers showed nonlinear twisting responses during bending. This nonlinear response of the triangular cantilever was attributed to the variations in the spring constants between the two legs. When a Lorentz force was exerted on the triangular cantilevers, coupling of the bending and twisting modes depended on the direction of a magnetic field. For the piezoresistive cantilevers, a Lorentz force induced the in-phase buckling which accompanied both the bending and twisting modes. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jeon, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM s59@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4841 EP 4844 DI 10.1063/1.1809259 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900074 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Allegrini, F Pollock, CJ Funsten, HO Ritzau, S Gloeckler, G AF McComas, DJ Allegrini, F Pollock, CJ Funsten, HO Ritzau, S Gloeckler, G TI Ultrathin (similar to 10 nm) carbon foils in space instrumentation SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ION MEASUREMENTS; CHARGE; PARTICLES; CLUSTER; SYSTEM; IMAGER AB Over the past several decades, a number of groups have successfully developed and flown space instruments based on ultrathin (0.5-3.5 mug cm(-2) or similar to2-17 nm nominal thickness) carbon foils suspended on fine metallic grids. These foils have proven to be remarkably robust in surviving the rigors of the launch and space environments and have functioned as required over long mission lifetimes. This study examines the scientific basis of possible failure mechanisms and the actual flight histories of ultrathin carbon foils. In all, we were able to document 138 separate foils used in 17 independent space instruments on 16 different spacecraft with a cumulative functioning flight history of 93 foil-years in space. All of these foils clearly survived their launches, and there is no evidence for any significant degradation over their various flight histories. This successful flight heritage, combined with laboratory data on foil survivability, shows that properly implemented ultrathin carbon foils are a mature and reliable technology for space flight applications. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. ON Semicond, E Greenwich, RI 02818 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM dmccomas@swri.edu RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4863 EP 4870 DI 10.1063/1.1809265 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900077 ER PT J AU Celliers, PM Bradley, DK Collins, GW Hicks, DG Boehly, TR Armstrong, WJ AF Celliers, PM Bradley, DK Collins, GW Hicks, DG Boehly, TR Armstrong, WJ TI Line-imaging velocimeter for shock diagnostics at the OMEGA laser facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FRINGE-PATTERN ANALYSIS; OF-STATE MEASUREMENTS; VELOCITY-INTERFEROMETER; WAVE EXPERIMENTS; FUSED-SILICA; DRIVEN; EQUATION; SOLIDS; SAPPHIRE; ALUMINUM AB A line-imaging velocity interferometer has been implemented at the OMEGA laser facility of the Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester. This instrument is the primary diagnostic for a variety of experiments involving laser-driven shock-wave propagation, including high-pressure equation of state experiments, materials characterization experiments, shock characterization for Rayleigh-Taylor experiments, and shock timing experiments for inertial confinement fusion research. Using a laser probe beam to illuminate a target, the instrument measures shock breakout times at temporal resolutions as low as 20 ps, and spatial resolution similar to4 mum. For velocity measurements the detection limit is <0.1 km/s, and velocities of interfaces, free surfaces, and shock fronts traveling through transparent media can be measured with accuracies similar to1% over the range from 4 km/s to greater than 50 km/s. Quantitative measurements of the optical reflectance of ionizing shock fronts can also be obtained simultaneously with the velocity measurements. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Celliers, PM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM celliers1@llnl.gov RI Collins, Gilbert/G-1009-2011; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 49 TC 206 Z9 236 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 4916 EP 4929 DI 10.1063/1.1807008 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900084 ER PT J AU Liu, ZX Xu, J Scott, HP Williams, Q Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Liu, ZX Xu, J Scott, HP Williams, Q Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI Moissanite (SiC) as windows and anvils for high-pressure infrared spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; LATTICE ABSORPTION; CELL; PARTICLES; POLYTYPES; DYNAMICS; DIAMOND; CHARGE; MODEL AB The optical properties of the moissanite (single-crystal 6H-SiC) and its performance as anvil material for high-pressure infrared spectroscopic measurements have been examined. Tests were carried out to 53 GPa using moissanite anvil cells combined with synchrotron radiation and globar as infrared sources. In the region of characteristic phonon absorption of diamond (1900-2300 cm(-1)), the transmitted signal measured through 4 mm of moissanite single crystals is 5-10 times higher than that obtained with type-II diamond anvils. No significant change of the transmission spectra through the moissanite anvils was observed over the pressure range studied; however, we also present mid infrared absorption spectra of powdered SiC to 43 GPa. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Liu, ZX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, U2A Beamline,Bldg 725, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zxliu@bnl.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 5026 EP 5029 DI 10.1063/1.1808123 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900099 ER PT J AU Jones, B Deeney, C McKenney, JL Garrity, JE Lobley, DK Martin, KL Griego, AE Ramacciotti, JP Bland, SN Lebedev, SV Bott, SC Ampleford, DJ Palmer, JBA Rapley, J Hall, G AF Jones, B Deeney, C McKenney, JL Garrity, JE Lobley, DK Martin, KL Griego, AE Ramacciotti, JP Bland, SN Lebedev, SV Bott, SC Ampleford, DJ Palmer, JBA Rapley, J Hall, G TI Chemically etched modulation in wire radius for wire array Z-pinch perturbation studies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR GROWTH; ALUMINUM; LASER AB A technique for manufacturing wires with imposed modulation in radius with axial wavelengths as short as 1 mm is presented. Extruded aluminum 5056 with 15 mum diameter was masked and chemically etched to reduce the radius by similar to20% in selected regions. Characterized by scanning electron microscopy, the modulation in radius is a step function with a similar to10 mum wide conical transition between thick and thin segments, with some pitting in etched regions. Techniques for mounting and aligning these wires in arrays for fast z-pinch experiments will be discussed. Axially mass-modulated wire arrays of this type will allow the study of seeded Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in z pinches, corona formation, wire initiation with varying current density in the wire core, and correlation of perturbations between adjacent wires. This tool will support magnetohydrodynamics code validation in complex three-dimensional geometries, and perhaps x-ray pulse shaping. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. MPCLKtec Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 5030 EP 5034 DI 10.1063/1.1808371 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900100 ER PT J AU Ryutov, D AF Ryutov, D TI Thermal stresses in the reflective x-ray optics for the Linac Coherent Light Source (vol 74, pg 3722, 2003) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Correction C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Fus Energy Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Fus Energy Program, L-630,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 75 IS 11 BP 5059 EP 5059 DI 10.1063/1.1804975 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 869DF UT WOS:000224962900109 ER PT J AU Bei, H George, EP Pharr, GM AF Bei, H George, EP Pharr, GM TI Elastic constants of single crystal Cr3Si and Cr-Cr3Si lamellar eutectic composites: a comparison of ultrasonic and nanoindentation measurements SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE chromium silicide; elastic constants; nanoindentation ID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; MICROSTRUCTURES; MODULUS; ALLOYS AB The elastic constants of high quality single crystals of Cr3Si (cubic A 15 crystal structure) grown in an optical floating zone furnace were measured by ultrasonic methods and compared to the indentation modulus determined by nanoindentation techniques. The measured indentation moduli are within 5% of the Vlassak-Nix predictions for elastically anisotropic materials provided a correction is made for the triangular cross-section of the Berkovich indenter. The indentation moduli of individual lamellae in a directionally solidified Cr-Cr3Si lamellar eutectic composite were also measured to examine how well the procedures apply to small microstructural features. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pharr, GM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434,Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pharr@utk.edu RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 51 IS 9 BP 875 EP 879 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.07.001 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 849WW UT WOS:000223573200007 ER PT J AU Robison, WL Stone, EL Hamilton, TF AF Robison, WL Stone, EL Hamilton, TF TI Large plate lysimeter leachate collection efficiency for water being transported from soil to ground water SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE large lysimeter; efficiency; soil water; transport; ground water ID ZERO-TENSION PAN AB A large, zero-tension, plate lysimeter (3.05 x 2.13 m) was installed to intercept percolating soil-water at Bikini Atoll (11degrees 35'N, 165degrees 25'E), a former nuclear test-site. The purpose of the very large plate size was to increase the water collection efficiency of the lysimeter, thus providing larger volumes of water-per cm of rainfall to measure the concentration of various radionuclides. In two experiments, controlled amounts of irrigation water were applied over the lysimeter and leachate water was collected. Evapotranspiration calculations were made using the Penman-Monteith equation and climate data collected at the atoll. The water balance efficiency of the lysimeter was essentially 100%, in contrast to low efficiencies (10-50%) reported for smaller plate lysimeters. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Robison, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Robisonl@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 169 IS 11 BP 758 EP 764 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000148736.81207.1a PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 874IB UT WOS:000225343000002 ER PT J AU Litvinchuk, AP Iliev, MN Pissas, M Chu, CW AF Litvinchuk, AP Iliev, MN Pissas, M Chu, CW TI Charge and lattice dynamics of ordered state in La1/2Ca1/2MnO3: infrared reflection spectroscopy study SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; optical properties; phonons; light absorption and reflection ID PHASE-SEPARATION; DENSITY WAVES; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; MANGANITES; LAMNO3 AB We report an infrared reflection spectroscopy study of La1/2Ca1/2MnO3 over a broad frequency range and temperature interval which covers the transitions from the high temperature paramagnetic to ferromagnetic and, upon further cooling, to antiferromagnetic phase. The structural phase transition, accompanied by a ferromagnetic ordering at T-C = 234 K, leads to enrichment of the phonon spectrum. A charge ordered anti ferromagnetic insulating ground state develops below the Neel transition temperature T-N = 163 K. This is evidenced by the formation of charge density waves and opening of a gap with the magnitude of 2Delta(0) = (320 +/- 15) cm(-1) in the excitation spectrum. Several of the infrared active phonons are found to exhibit anomalous frequency softening. The experimental data suggest coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromangetic phases at low temperatures. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Mat Sci, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Athens, Greece. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Litvinchuk, AP (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, 3201 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM litvin@mail.uh.edu RI ILIEV, MILKO/A-5941-2008; Litvinchuk, Alexander/K-6991-2012 OI ILIEV, MILKO/0000-0002-9685-542X; Litvinchuk, Alexander/0000-0002-5128-5232 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 132 IS 5 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2004.08.006 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 860HZ UT WOS:000224334400005 ER PT J AU Derewenda, U Oleksy, A Stevenson, AS Korczynska, J Dauter, Z Somlyo, AP Otlewski, J Somlyo, AV Derewenda, ZS AF Derewenda, U Oleksy, A Stevenson, AS Korczynska, J Dauter, Z Somlyo, AP Otlewski, J Somlyo, AV Derewenda, ZS TI The crystal structure of RhoA in complex with the DH/PH fragment of PDZRhoGEF, an activator of the Ca2+ sensitization pathway in smooth muscle SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE; PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; O HYDROGEN-BONDS; HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS; P115 RHOGEF; PDZ-RHOGEF; DBL; BINDING; GTPASE; FAMILY AB Calcium sensitization in smooth muscle is mediated by the RhoA GTPase, activated by hitherto unspecified nucleoticle exchange factors (GEFs) acting downstream of Galphaq/Galpha(12/13) trimeric G proteins. Here, we show that at least one potential GEF, the PDZRhoGEF, is present in smooth muscle, and its isolated DH/PH fragment induces calcium sensitization in the absence of agonist-mediated signaling. In vitro, the fragment shows high selectivity for the RhoA GTPase. Full-length fragment is required for the nucleotide exchange, as the isolated DH domain enhances it only marginally. We crystallized the DH/PH fragment of PDZRhoGEF in complex with nonprenylated human RhoA and determined the structure at 2.5 Angstrom resolution. The refined molecular model reveals that the mutual disposition of the DH and PH domains is significantly different from other previously described complexes involving DH/PH tandems, and that the PH domain interacts with RhoA in a unique mode. The DH domain makes several specific interactions with RhoA residues not conserved among other Rho family members, suggesting the molecular basis for the observed specificity. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Wroclaw, Lab Prot Engn, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, PL-50137 Wroclaw, Poland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Macromol Crystallog Lab NCI, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Derewenda, ZS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM zsd4n@virginia.edu RI Otlewski, Jacek/B-6340-2008 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL48807] NR 46 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1955 EP 1965 DI 10.1016/j.str.2004.09.003 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 872ZD UT WOS:000225247200007 PM 15530360 ER PT J AU Lopper, M Holton, JM Keck, JL AF Lopper, M Holton, JM Keck, JL TI Crystal structure of PriB, a component of the Escherichia coli replication restart primosome SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; PHI X174-TYPE PRIMOSOME; BINDING-PROTEIN; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; PURIFICATION; REFINEMENT; CONVERSION; RESOLUTION; MECHANISM; DETECTOR AB Maintenance of genome stability following DNA damage requires origin-independent reinitiation of DNA replication at repaired replication forks. In E. coli, PriA, PriB, PriC, and DnaT play critical roles in recognizing repaired replication forks and reloading the replisome onto the template to reinitiate DNA replication. Here, we report the 2.0 Angstrom resolution crystal structure of E. coli PriB, revealing a dimer that consists of a single structural domain formed by two oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding (OB) folds. Structural similarity of PriB to single-stranded DNA binding proteins reveals insights into its mechanisms of DNA binding. The structure further establishes a putative protein interaction surface that may contribute to the role of PriB in primosome assembly by facilitating interactions with PriA and DnaT. This is the first high-resolution structure of a protein involved in oriC-independent replisome loading and provides unique insight into mechanisms of replication restart in E. coli. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Med, Dept Biomol Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keck, JL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Med, Dept Biomol Chem, 550 Med Sci Ctr,1300 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jlkeck@wisc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR13790]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM068061] NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1967 EP 1975 DI 10.1016/j.str.2004.09.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 872ZD UT WOS:000225247200008 PM 15530361 ER PT J AU Brojeny, AAB Clem, JR AF Brojeny, AAB Clem, JR TI Four coplanar superconducting strips: flux-focusing effects and inductance SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICES; SINGLE-LAYER GRADIOMETERS; EFFECTIVE AREA COMPENSATION; C SQUID MAGNETOMETERS; LONG-BASE-LINE; DC SQUIDS; UNSHIELDED ENVIRONMENT; MAGNETIC-FLUX; 1/F NOISE; KINETIC-INDUCTANCE AB We present analytic solutions for the Meissner-state magnetic-field and current-density distributions for four long parallel coplanar superconducting strips carrying subcritical currents in a perpendicular magnetic field when there is no net magnetic flux through the two slots between the outermost strips. We make use of these solutions to investigate the flux-focusing effect; i.e., we calculate how much magnetic flux V per unit length is focused into the central slot when the strips are in a perpendicular magnetic field H-a = B-a/mu(0) and the outermost pairs of strips carry no net current. We also calculate the inductance per unit length of the system when the net current flowing in the two right strips is equal in magnitude and but opposite in direction to the net current flowing in the two left strips. We show that for narrow superconducting strips mutual-inductance calculations based on exact results for two strips provide good approximations to our exact results for four strips. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Esfahan 84154, Iran. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Brojeny, AAB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1275 EP 1282 AR PII S0953-2048(04)78920-4 DI 10.1088/0953-2048-17/11/007 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 871NA UT WOS:000225139200009 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ Goyal, A Kang, S Yarborough, KA Kroeger, DM AF Leonard, KJ Goyal, A Kang, S Yarborough, KA Kroeger, DM TI Identification of a self-limiting reaction layer in Ni-3 at.% W rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; COATED CONDUCTORS; THICKNESS DEPENDENCE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DEPOSITION; OXIDATION; OXIDES; ALLOYS; FILMS; TAPES AB Analytical transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the presence of a self-limiting reaction layer developed within rolling-assisted biaxially textured Ni-3 at.% W substrates during the pulsed laser deposition of thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films. Improvements in YBCO film quality and physical propel-ties were attributed in part to the development of a NiWO4 layer at the buffer-substrate interface. The formation of NiWO4 between NiO and the Ni-3 at.% W substrate was observed to restrict the growth of NiO within the coated conductor during YBCO deposition at elevated temperatures. A 5-8 nm thick NiWO4 layer, identified through both electron diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy, was found to limit NiO growth to between 20 and 25 nm in thickness. The NiWO4 layer was found to have a [100] orientation relationship to the substrate normal, with multiple variants observed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1295 EP 1302 AR PII S0953-2048(04)82055-4 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/17/11/010 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 871NA UT WOS:000225139200012 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Pint, BA Garner, GW Cooley, KM Haynes, JA AF Zhang, Y Pint, BA Garner, GW Cooley, KM Haynes, JA TI Effect of cycle length on the oxidation performance of iron aluminide coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE cycle length; oxidation performance; iron alummide coatin ID CORROSION PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENTS; DEPOSITION; ALLOYS; STEELS AB One of the lifetime issues of particular concern for application of iron aluminide coatings is the possible compatibility problems between Fe-Al coatings and substrates which can have substantially different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs). This difference could cause deformation or cracking and reduce coating lifetime. The present study has focused on the effect of cycle length (1 h vs. 100 h) on the cyclic oxidation behavior of aluminide coatings on representative commercial ferritic (Fe-9Cr-1Mo) and austenitic (type 304L stainless steel) alloys at 700degreesC in air with 10 vol.% H2O. The ferritic and austenitic steel specimens were aluminized in a laboratory-scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor. Testing of the coating specimens indicated that high frequency thermal cycling (I h cycle time) could significantly degrade the coating performance. Comparison of these results with those from similar specimens with a longer cycle time (100 h) or after isothermal exposure showed that this degradation was not due to Al loss from the coating into the substrate by interdiffusion, but most likely was caused by the thermal expansion mismatch between the coating and substrate. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Box 5014, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM yzhang@tntech.edu RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 22 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 188 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.090 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872YQ UT WOS:000225245800007 ER PT J AU Gannon, PE Tripp, CT Knospe, AK Ramana, CV Deibert, M Smith, RJ Gorokhovsky, V Shutthanandan, V Gelles, D AF Gannon, PE Tripp, CT Knospe, AK Ramana, CV Deibert, M Smith, RJ Gorokhovsky, V Shutthanandan, V Gelles, D TI High-temperature oxidation resistance and surface electrical conductivity of stainless steels with filtered arc Cr-Al-N multilayer and/or superlattice coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE filtered arc; chromium; aluminum; nitrogen; nanostructure; fuel cell ID DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY; INTERCONNECTS; FILMS; CR-1-XALXN; MAGNETRON; ALLOY AB The requirements of low cost and high-temperature corrosion resistance for bipolar interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks has directed attention to the use of metallic alloys with oxidation-resistant coatings. Candidate coatings must exhibit chemical and thermal-mechanical stability and high electrical conductivity during long-term (>40,000 h) exposure to SOFC operating conditions. The high-temperature oxidation resistance and surface electrical conductivity of 304, 440A and Crofer-22 APU steel coupons, with and without multilayer and/or superlattice coatings from a Cr-Al-N system, were investigated as a function of exposure in an oxidizing atmosphere at high temperatures. The coatings were deposited using large area filtered arc deposition (LAFAD) technology [VI. Gorokhovsky, R. Bhattacharya, D.G. Bhat, Surf. Coat. Technol. 140, (2001), 82-92] and subsequently annealed in air at 800 T for varying times. Area-specific resistance (ASR) was measured in air as a function of time and temperature using a four-point technique with Pt paste for electrical contact between facing oxidized coupon surfaces. The surface composition, structure and morphology of the sample coupons were characterized using RBS, nuclear reaction analysis, XPS, SEM and AFM techniques. The structure of the CrN/(CrN/AIN) multilayered superlattice coatings was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By altering the architecture of the coating layers, both surface electrical conductivity and oxidation resistance [R.J. Smith, C. Tripp, A. Knospe, C.V. Ramana, A. Kayani, Vladimir Gorokhovsky, V. Shutthanandan, D.S. Gelles, J. Mater. Eng., (2004), in press] improved significantly for some of the coated samples tested up to similar to100 h. An order of magnitude decrease in the ASR parabolic growth rate constant was observed in two Crofer 22APU coupons coated with similar to1.5 mum CrN/AlN superlattice coatings with different nanometrical bilayer periods. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Arcomac Surface Engn LLC, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99302 USA. RP Gannon, PE (reprint author), Montana State Univ, 306 Cobleigh Hall,POB 173920, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM pgannon@montana.edu NR 19 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 188 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.067 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872YQ UT WOS:000225245800010 ER PT J AU Pint, BA AF Pint, BA TI The role of chemical composition on the oxidation performance of aluminide coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE aluminide coatings; high-temperature oxidation; Al; Hf; Pt ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; BOND COAT; DIFFUSION COATINGS; CYCLIC OXIDATION; PLATINUM; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; MODEL; NI AB The durability of aluminide bond coatings is critical to the life of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). With service, the coating composition continues to change due to oxidation and interdifftision. In order to better understand the effect of coating composition on its oxidation resistance, model alloys are being studied with various levels of Al, Pt and Hf. In hypostoichiometric beta-NiAl, the formation of faster-growing Ni-rich oxide was observed, and this problem intensified at lower Al contents. Platinum additions were found to decrease this problem. With two-phase Ni-35Al-6Pt compositions, a phase transformation upon heating to 1100 degreesC caused macroscopic specimen deformation when the specimen was repeatedly cycled. The degradation of oxidation resistance with lower Al contents indicates that the loss of Al due to back-diffusion into the superalloy substrate is the critical performance-limiting problem for alummide coatings. One strategy for improved coating performance suggested by Gleeson uses higher Pt and Hf contents and lower Al contents. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,M-S 6156, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 35 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 188 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.007 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872YQ UT WOS:000225245800012 ER PT J AU Haynes, JA Zhang, Y Cooley, KM Walker, L Reeves, KS Pint, BA AF Haynes, JA Zhang, Y Cooley, KM Walker, L Reeves, KS Pint, BA TI High-temperature diffusion barriers for protective coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE diffusion barriers; superalloy; aluminide coating ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA SCALES; BOND COATINGS; SUPERALLOY; PLATINUM; ADDITIONS; SULFUR; NI AB An effective diffusion barrier between the superalloy and aluminide coating would reduce coating degradation by lowering the rate of Al loss to the substrate by interdiffusion, and by inhibiting diffusion of substrate elements (such as Cr, Re, Ta, W) into the coating, which degrade its corrosion and oxidation resistance. In this preliminary study, sputtered Hf-Ni and Hf-Pt were evaluated as potential high-temperature diffusion barrier layers beneath NiAl or NiPtAl coatings. A Ni3Hf-type layer formed during aluminizing of Ni-Hf thin films, and appeared to result in reduced beta-NiAl depletion during oxidation testing at 1150 degreesC. Some Hf-containing simple aluminide coatings also showed very good oxidation resistance. However, the Ni-Hf phase disrupted coating microstructure and displayed limited high-temperature stability. Heat treatment of Hf and Pt thin films formed a compound similar to HfPt3-type, which subsequently dissolved during aluminizing. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Haynes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM haynesa@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 13 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 188 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.066 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872YQ UT WOS:000225245800024 ER PT J AU Kustas, F Molian, P Kumar, AS Besser, M Sordelet, D AF Kustas, F Molian, P Kumar, AS Besser, M Sordelet, D TI Laser crystallization of amorphous sputter-deposited quasicrystalline coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE quasicrystalline coatings; sputtering; laser crystallization; friction/wear; indentation ID ADHESION AB Quasicrystalline (QC) (e.g., Al70Fe10Cu10Cr10) materials offer a unique combination of relatively high hardness, low surface energy/low friction, and low thermal conductivity. This desirable suite of properties is reportedly due to their nonconventional translational symmetry and aperiodic atomic ordering. These materials can be formed only after a high-temperature (>700 degreesC) anneal, and they exhibit brittle behavior in bulk form. Coating deposition alleviates the low toughness issue, but the requirement for a high-temperature anneal degrades the mechanical properties of conventional engineering substrates. To address this latter issue, controlled laser surface treatment of sputter-deposited QC coatings (on Al, Ti, and bearing steel alloys) was performed to convert the amorphous (a) structure into a crystalline (c) phase. Characterization of both a-QC and c-QC films included energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction for composition/ structure, C-Brale indentation for relative toughness, and ball-on-disk (BOD) friction/wear tests. Laser treatment was successful in converting the amorphous structure to the crystalline phase, without significant reduction (<10% for Ti-6Al-4V) in substrate hardness, and it was shown that laser pulse energy influences the final surface finish of the c-QC surface. Laser crystallization was observed to increase the indentation resistance/adhesion of c-QC films on coated Ti-6Al-4Vand 52100 steel. Friction/wear tests of c-QC films showed reductions in coefficients of friction, compared to non-coated substrates, of similar to40%, similar to20-25%, and similar to25-30%, respectively, for coated 2024-T3Al, Ti-6Al-4V, and AISI 52100 steel substrates. Reductions in wear damage for c-QC-coated surfaces, compared to non-coated surfaces, were also observed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Engineered Coatings Inc, Parker, CO 80134 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kustas, F (reprint author), Engineered Coatings Inc, POB 4702, Parker, CO 80134 USA. EM kustasfm@comcast.net NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 188 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.217 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872YQ UT WOS:000225245800044 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A Kovalchenko, A McNallan, MJ Welz, S Lee, A Gogotsi, Y Carroll, B AF Erdemir, A Kovalchenko, A McNallan, MJ Welz, S Lee, A Gogotsi, Y Carroll, B TI Effects of high-temperature hydrogenation treatment on sliding friction and wear behavior of carbide-derived carbon films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE carbon coating; chlorination; friction and wear; hydrogen ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; SILICON-CARBIDE; SURFACE; CHLORINATION; COATINGS; HUMIDITY AB In this study, we investigated the effects of a high-temperature hydrogenation treatment on the sliding friction and wear behavior of nanostructured carbide-derived carbon (CDC) films in dry nitrogen and humid air environments. These films are produced on the surfaces of silicon carbide substrates by reacting the carbide phase with chlorine or chlorine-hydrogen gas mixtures at 1000 to 1100 degreesC in a sealed tube furnace. The typical friction coefficients of CDC films in open air are in the range of 0.2 to 0.25, but in dry nitrogen, the friction coefficients are 0.15. In an effort to achieve lower friction on CDC films, we developed and used a special hydrogenation process that was proven to be very effective in lowering friction of CDC films produced on SiC substrates. Specifically, the films that were post-hydrogen-treated exhibited friction coefficients as low as 0.03 in dry nitrogen, while the friction coefficients in humid air were similar to0.2. The wear Of Si3N4 counterface balls was hard to measure after the tests, while shallow wear tracks had formed on CDC films on SiC disks. Detailed mechanical and structural characterizations of the CDC films and sliding contact surfaces were done using a series of analytical techniques and these findings were correlated with the friction and wear behaviors of as-produced and hydrogen-treated CDC films. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Mat Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Gogotsi, Y (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM gogotsi@drexel.edu RI Gogotsi, Yury/B-2167-2008 OI Gogotsi, Yury/0000-0001-9423-4032 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 188 BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.052 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872YQ UT WOS:000225245800094 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY AF Zhang, ZY TI Quantum stability of ultrathin metal overlayers on semiconductor substrates SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; metal-semiconductor interfaces; quantum wells ID ELECTRON-DENSITY; AG ISLANDS; LEAD FILMS; SIZE; GROWTH; GAAS(110); UNIFORM; STATES; HEIGHT; PB C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, POB 2008 53706, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangz@ornl.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 571 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.08.026 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 867VM UT WOS:000224870600001 ER PT J AU Bastasz, R Medlin, JW Whaley, JA Beikler, R Taglauer, E AF Bastasz, R Medlin, JW Whaley, JA Beikler, R Taglauer, E TI Deuterium adsorption on W(100) studied by LEIS and DRS SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE deuterium; tungsten; low energy ion scattering (LEIS); surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; chemisorption ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ION-SCATTERING; W(001) SURFACE; HYDROGEN; TUNGSTEN; SPECTROSCOPY; H-2; CHEMISORPTION; DISSOCIATION; W(211) AB The location of deuterium adsorbed on W(100) has been studied using a combination of angle-resolved low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) and direct recoil spectroscopy (DRS). These techniques provide real-space data on both substrate and adsorbate surface structure. Adsorption of D on W(100) at 300 K has a strong effect on the azimuthal distribution of Ne+ scattering signal intensity from W, completely suppressing the sharp peaks seen on the clean surface every 90degrees, which result from Ne+ collisions with exposed second-layer W atoms. Concurrently with D adsorption, D+ recoil emission from the surface is observed with an angular distribution showing broad peaks aligned along the (100) directions. MARLOWE simulations of Ne+ scattering from the clean W(100) surface and of Ne+ scattering and D+ recoil emission from the saturated W(100) surface are all in good agreement with the LEIS and DRS data when adsorbed D atoms are located in fourfold hollow sites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Bastasz, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bastasz@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 571 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.06.214 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 867VM UT WOS:000224870600009 ER PT J AU Butterfield, MT Durakiewicz, T Guziewicz, E Joyce, JJ Arko, AJ Graham, KS Moore, DP Morales, LA AF Butterfield, MT Durakiewicz, T Guziewicz, E Joyce, JJ Arko, AJ Graham, KS Moore, DP Morales, LA TI Photoemission of surface oxides and hydrides of delta plutonium SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE laser methods; photoelectron spectroscopy; oxidation ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 5F STATES; PU; LOCALIZATION; ADSORPTION; LAYERS; METAL; XPS AB High resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) studies were conducted on a gallium stabilized 6-phase plutonium sample cleaned by laser ablation and gas dosed with O-2, and H-2. The measurements were made with an instrument resolution of 60 meV with the sample at 300 K, 77 K and 10 K. The PES data under these experimental conditions strongly support an idealized model with Pu2O3 growth on the metal followed by PuO2 growth on the Pu2O3 layer at low temperature. In vacuum, the PuO2 reduces to Po2O3 at room temperature at a pressure of 6 x 10(-11) Torr. In the case of H-2 dosing of the surface at low temperature, the hydrogen appears to penetrate the surface and disrupt the electronic structure of the valence band as evidenced by a drop in intensity of the peak at E-F which is not accompanied by a drop in the main 5f manifold at similar to1 eV. Studies were also carried out on the dosing of hydrogen on surfaces already dosed with both 0.5L (Pu2O3) and 10L (PuO2) oxygen films and show that hydrogen penetrates the 0.5 L Pu2O3 covered surface. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Inst Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Butterfield, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys, MST-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mtbx@lanl.gov RI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/S-4910-2016; OI Guziewicz, Elzbieta/0000-0001-6158-5258; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874 NR 26 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 571 IS 1-3 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.07.054 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 867VM UT WOS:000224870600012 ER PT J AU Piao, H Enever, MCN Adib, K Hrbek, J Barteau, MA AF Piao, H Enever, MCN Adib, K Hrbek, J Barteau, MA TI High resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of styrene oxide adsorption and reaction on Ag(111) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aromatics; silver; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; density functional calculations ID HETEROGENEOUS ALKENE EPOXIDATION; OXAMETALLACYCLE FORMATION; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; BUTYL NITRITE; SURFACE; 1-EPOXY-3-BUTENE; APPROXIMATION; 2-IODOETHANOL; SELECTIVITY; MECHANISM AB Synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to investigate the adsorption and reaction of styrene oxide on Ag(111). When adsorption is carried out at 250K or above, ring opening of styrene oxide forms a stable surface oxametallacycle intermediate which eventually reacts at 485K to regenerate styrene oxide. High resolution XPS is capable of distinguishing the oxametallacycle from molecularly adsorbed and condensed styrene oxide on the basis of different C1s peak separations. The observed separations are well accounted for by the results of DFT calculations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Barteau, MA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, 150 Acad St, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM barteau@che.udel.edu RI Barteau, Mark/A-4728-2008; Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 571 IS 1-3 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.08.007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 867VM UT WOS:000224870600018 ER PT J AU McMahon, WE Kibbler, AE Olson, JM AF McMahon, WE Kibbler, AE Olson, JM TI An STM and LEED study of MOCVD-prepared P/Ge (100) to (111) surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE germanium; phosphine; phosphorus; single crystal surfaces; scanning tunneling microscopy; low energy electron diffraction (leed); surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; surface stress ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; SI(100); LAYER; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHINE; SI(001); RESOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; PHOSPHORUS AB Certain device applications such as high-efficiency multijunction III-V solar cells require high-quality GaAs deposition on Ge substrates. Commercially, this is done using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). If the GaAs is grown directly on Ge, pre-deposition etching of the Ge substrate by arsine can roughen the surface, producing poor GaAs/Ge epitaxy. If instead a GaAs/GaInP2/Ge growth sequence is used, the template for growth is a phosphine-exposed P/Ge surface. Indeed, high-quality GaInP2 and GaAs films are routinely grown using this method, yet little is known about the initial P/Ge surface. For this reason, we have conducted a survey of MOCVD-prepared P/Ge(mnn) surfaces, over the 54.75degrees range of surfaces between (111) and (100). Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images reveal interesting new reconstructions on very flat surfaces. Almost all of the surfaces support ordered defect arrays, presumably to relieve P-induced surface stress. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NREL, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMahon, WE (reprint author), NREL, Natl Ctr Photovolta, MS 3212,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bill_mcmahon@nrel.gov NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 571 IS 1-3 BP 146 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.08.008 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 867VM UT WOS:000224870600019 ER PT J AU Hamada, M Johnson, V Moore, LM Wendelberger, J AF Hamada, M Johnson, V Moore, LM Wendelberger, J TI Bayesian prediction intervals and their relationship to tolerance intervals SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE gamma distribution; Gibbs sampling; hierarchical linear model; Markov chain Monte Carlo; normal distribution; predictive density; system reliability; variance components model ID M FUTURE OBSERVATIONS; MODELS; POPULATION; WEIBULL; SAMPLES; LIMITS AB We consider Bayesian prediction intervals that contain a proportion of a finite number of observations with a specified probability. Such intervals arise in numerous applied contexts and are closely related to tolerance intervals. Several examples are provided to illustrate this methodology, and simulation studies are used to demonstrate potential pitfalls of using tolerance intervals when prediction intervals are required. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hamada, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD NOV PY 2004 VL 46 IS 4 BP 452 EP 459 DI 10.1198/004017004000000518 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 864ZQ UT WOS:000224672300008 ER PT J AU Pak, J Wunderlich, E AF Pak, J Wunderlich, E TI Reversible melting of gel-spun fibers of polyethylene SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE TMDSC; melting; crystallization; UHMM-PE; fiber; instrument lag; decoupling ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MOLECULAR-MASS POLYETHYLENE; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED CALORIMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; MOLAR-MASS; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; HEAT-CAPACITY; BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALLIZATION; PHASE AB The melting and crystallization of gel-spun, ultrahigh molar mass polyethylene (UHMM-PE) fiber is analyzed with both, standard differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC) to identify the differences to extended-chain crystals of polyethylene. The analyzed samples were studied before with respect to their molecular mobility, morphology, and crystal and phase structure. The UHMM-PE contains a mobile, oriented mesophase and only few folded chains. The truly amorphous fraction is about 3%. Reversing melting and crystallization is observed for these fibers. It increases in amount on recrystallization after melting. Difficulties in measuring the original fibers arose from the shrinkage of the fibers and a resulting deformation of the sample pan. The new data are compared to literature information on other polyethylenes and linked to reversible melting of decoupled segments of the polymer chains contained in small, nanometer-size phases within the crystalline phase and the oriented-intermediate fractions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wunderlich@chartertn.net NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD NOV 1 PY 2004 VL 421 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2004.04.003 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 860VP UT WOS:000224372100027 ER PT J AU Poet, TS Wu, H English, JC Corley, RA AF Poet, TS Wu, H English, JC Corley, RA TI Metabolic rate constants for hydroquinone in F344 rat and human liver isolated hepatocytes: Application to a PBPK model SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE physiological model; bioactivation; nephrotoxicity; species-specific ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE NEPHROPATHY; IN-VITRO METABOLISM; DRUG-METABOLISM; FISCHER-344; VIVO; NEPHROTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; INDUCTION; OXIDATION AB Hydroquinone (HQ) is an important industrial chemical that also occurs naturally in foods and in the leaves and bark of a number of plant species. Exposure of laboratory animals to HQ may result in species-, sex-, and strain-specific nephrotoxicity. The sensitivity of male F344 versus female F344 and Sprague-Dawley rats or B6C3F1 mice appears to be related to differences in the rates of formation of key nephrotoxic metabolites. Metabolic rate constants for the conversion of HQ through several metabolic steps to the mono-glutathione conjugate and subsequent detoxification via mercapturic acid formation were measured in suspension cultures of hepatocytes isolated from male F-344 rats and humans. A mathematic kinetic model was used to analyze each metabolic step by simultaneously fitting the disappearance of each substrate and the appearance of subsequent metabolites. An iterative, nested approach was used whereby downstream metabolites were considered first, and the model was constrained by the requirement that rate constants determined during analysis of individual steps must also satisfy the complete, integrated metabolism scheme, including competitive pathways. The results from this study indicated that the overall capacity for metabolism of HQ and its mono-glutathione conjugate is greater in hepatocytes from humans than in those from rats, suggesting a greater capacity for detoxification of the glutathione conjugates in humans. Metabolic rate constants were applied to an existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, which was used to predict total glutathione metabolites produced in the liver. The results showed that body burdens of these metabolites will be much higher in rats than in humans. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Eastman Kodak Co, Hlth & Environm Labs, Rochester, NY 14652 USA. RP Poet, TS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, POB 999,MSIN P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM torka.poet@pnl.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 82 IS 1 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfh229 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 865LL UT WOS:000224704500003 PM 15272136 ER PT J AU Juanes, R Patzek, TW AF Juanes, R Patzek, TW TI Relative permeabilities for strictly hyperbolic models of three-phase flow in porous media SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE three-phase flow; relative permeability; hyperbolic system; conservation laws; elliptic regions; Oak experiments ID DISPLACEMENT EXPERIMENTS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; 2-PHASE FLOW; EQUATIONS AB Traditional mathematical models of multiphase flow in porous media use a straightforward extension of Darcy's equation. The key element of these models is the appropriate formulation of the relative permeability functions. It is well known that for one-dimensional flow of three immiscible incompressible fluids, when capillarity is neglected, most relative permeability models used today give rise to regions in the saturation space with elliptic behavior (the so-called elliptic regions). We believe that this behavior is not physical, but rather the result of an incomplete mathematical model. In this paper we identify necessary conditions that must be satisfied by the relative permeability functions, so that the system of equations describing three-phase flow is strictly hyperbolic everywhere in the saturation triangle. These conditions seem to be in good agreement with pore-scale physics and experimental data. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Juanes, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Juanes, Ruben/F-8004-2011 NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3913 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD NOV PY 2004 VL 57 IS 2 BP 125 EP 152 DI 10.1023/B:TIPM.0000038251.10002.5e PG 28 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 846ZK UT WOS:000223358100001 ER PT J AU Simpson, ML AF Simpson, ML TI Rewiring the cell: synthetic biology moves towards higher functional complexity SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC NETWORKS; TOGGLE SWITCH; CIRCUITS; DESIGN; COMMUNICATION; EVOLUTION AB A steady stream of research has fueled excitement in the field of synthetic biology. Logic gates, oscillators, and memory elements constructed using genetic and biochemical components have all been demonstrated. However, the nagging question remains as to how higher levels of complexity can be designed into these synthetic systems. A recent paper from Collins' group provides some answers to this question. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Scale Engn & Nanoscale Technol Res Grp, POB 2008,MS 6006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM SimpsonML1@ornl.gov RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 22 IS 11 BP 555 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.09.003 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 871YL UT WOS:000225172400004 PM 15491797 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A AF Erdemir, A TI Genesis of superlow friction and wear in diamondlike carbon films SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE diamondlike carbon; friction and wear; lubrication mechanism; hydrogen effect ID TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; COATINGS; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; ATMOSPHERES; PLASMAS AB Diamondlike carbon (DLC) films offer enormous possibilities for applications that require low friction and high wear resistance. The range of physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties offered by these films is also exceptional and can meet the increasingly multifunctional application needs of machine elements, microelectronics, and biological systems. Since the early 1990s, carbon has been used as a precursor in our laboratory for the design and synthesis of superhard and low-friction carbon films. As a result of systematic studies over the years, in 1997, we developed a new class of DLC films that provide friction and wear coefficients of 0.001-0.005 and 10(-10)-10(-9) mm(3) /N m, respectively, in inert-gas or vacuum test environments. This paper will mainly concentrate on the tribology of these superlow-friction carbon films and provide an update on our understanding of the fundamental tribological mechanisms of such films. It will also expand on the effects of hydrogen within the films and gaseous species within the test environments on friction and wear. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Tribol Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Tribol Sect, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM erdemir@anl.gov NR 34 TC 124 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X EI 1879-2464 J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 37 IS 11-12 BP 1005 EP 1012 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2004.07.018 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 869SE UT WOS:000225003600018 ER PT J AU Qu, J Blau, PJ Klett, J Jolly, B AF Qu, J Blau, PJ Klett, J Jolly, B TI Sliding friction and wear characteristics of novel graphitic foam materials SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference Smart Surfaces in Tribology CY SEP 10-12, 2003 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Lab Mat Testing Res, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Soc Tribol & Lubricant Engineers DE sliding; friction; wear; graphite; graphitic foam; elevated temperature ID CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES; DUSTING WEAR; ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURES; TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR AB While the use of ORNL developed high-thermal-conductivity graphitic foam materials has been focused on thermal management applications, recent experiments have revealed their potential as bearing surfaces as well. The three primary tribological advantages are: ( 1) they can efficiently remove frictional heat, ( 2) their natural porosity can trap wear debris, and ( 3) their porosity can serve as a lubricant reservoir for the contact surface. A series of pin-on-disk experiments were conducted at both room temperature and 400 degreesC to compare the sliding friction and wear characteristics of the densified graphitic foam ( mated against M-50 tool steel or against alumina) to those of conventional bearing materials like graphite, bearing bronze, polytetrafluoroethylene, bearing steel, and a Co-based superalloy. At room temperature and under low contact pressure, the tribological behavior of the densified graphitic foam material was comparable to that of graphite and better than that of other bearing materials. At 400 degreesC, traditional graphite exhibited a "dusting'' wear regime accompanied by a high friction coefficient. In contrast, the graphitic foam demonstrated an ability to maintain low friction and wear at that temperature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pellissippi State Technol Community, Knoxville, TN 37933 USA. RP Qu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS 6063, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM qujn@ornl.gov RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017; OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649; Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 17 IS 4 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1007/s11249-004-8096-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 874UE UT WOS:000225374700025 ER PT J AU Spence, JCH Weierstall, U Howells, M AF Spence, JCH Weierstall, U Howells, M TI Coherence and sampling requirements for diffractive imaging SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE phase problems; coherence; diffraction imaging; sampling theorem ID X-RAY; ALGORITHMS; SUPPORT AB Coherent Diffractive Imaging (CDT) allows images to be reconstructed from diffraction patterns by solving the non-crystallographic phase problem for isolated nanostructures. We show that the Shannon sampling of diffraction intensities needed in CDT requires a coherence width about twice the lateral dimensions of the object, and that the linear number of detector pixels fixes the energy spread needed in the beam. The Shannon sampling, defined by the transform of the periodically repeated autocorrelation of the object, is related to Bragg scattering from an equivalent crystal, and shown to be consistent with the sampling of Young's fringes established by scattering from extreme points in the object. The results are relevant to the design of diffraction cameras for CDT and plans for femotosecond X-ray diffraction from individual proteins. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spence, JCH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM spence@asu.edu RI Weierstall, Uwe/B-3568-2011 NR 10 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD NOV PY 2004 VL 101 IS 2-4 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.05.005 PG 4 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 856LG UT WOS:000224046100010 PM 15450660 ER PT J AU McDonald, JW Hamza, AV Newman, MW Holder, JP Schneider, DHG Schenkel, T AF McDonald, JW Hamza, AV Newman, MW Holder, JP Schneider, DHG Schenkel, T TI Surface charge compensation for a highly charged ion emission microscope SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE highly charged ion T-O-F SIMS; surface analysis; charge compensation ID MIRROR ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SLOW AB A surface charge compensation electron flood gun has been added to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) highly charged ion (HCI) emission microscope. HCI surface interaction results in a significant charge residue being left on the surface of insulators and semiconductors. This residual charge causes undesirable aberrations in the microscope images and a reduction of the time-of-flight (T-O-F) mass resolution when studying the surfaces of insulators and semiconductors. The benefits and problems associated with HCI microscopy and recent results of the electron flood gun-enhanced HCI microscope are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McDonald, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L 472, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mcdonald6@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD NOV PY 2004 VL 101 IS 2-4 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.06.008 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 856LG UT WOS:000224046100017 PM 15450667 ER PT J AU Vereecken, H Hubbard, S Binley, A Ferre, T AF Vereecken, H Hubbard, S Binley, A Ferre, T TI Hydrogeophysics: An introduction from the guest editors SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; WATER-CONTENT; VADOSE ZONE; PROBE; DISTRIBUTIONS; INVERSION; SIGNALS; SURFACE; SOIL C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Agrosphere Inst, Julich, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Vereecken, H (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Agrosphere Inst, Julich, Germany. EM h.vereecken@fz-juelich.de RI Binley, Andrew/C-2487-2013; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 OI Binley, Andrew/0000-0002-0938-9070; NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1062 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200002 ER PT J AU Hall, LM Brainard, JR Bowman, RS Hendrickx, JMH AF Hall, LM Brainard, JR Bowman, RS Hendrickx, JMH TI Determination of solute distributions in the vadose zone using downhole electromagnetic induction SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT; SALINITY AB We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the ability of downhole electromagnetic induction ( EM) measurements to track the migration of a salt plume in the vadose zone. A 6.9 g L-1 slug of NaCl was applied to a 3 by 3 m area for 85 d at a flux of 2.7 cm d(-1). Electrical measurements were collected weekly, using 13 12-m bore-holes installed in a 15 by 15 m area. The measured bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was converted to soil water electrical conductivity (ECw) using water contents from neutron probe measurements and clay contents from soil cores. The calculated mass of salt in the profile agreed well with the known mass of salt infiltrated when the appropriate ate immobile water content was assumed. The low water content, theta(w), (<15% by volume) and low bulk soil electrical conductivity, ECa, (<100 mS m(-1)) measured at the test site presented more resistive conditions than previous studies of this type and were a cause of uncertainty in results. Good agreement between calculated and known ECw resulted from the ability to measure theta(w) and ECa in the same locations. Sensitivity analyses showed that the calculated ECw was strongly dependent on the assumed upper limit of immobile water content, and less to soil temperature and clay content. The results of this study demonstrate that downhole EM methods can accurately characterize water and solute distributions in the vadose zone. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Sandia Pk, NM 87047 USA. RP Bowman, RS (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM bowman@nmt.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1214 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200017 ER PT J AU Freedman, VL Bacon, DH Saripalli, KP Meyer, PD AF Freedman, VL Bacon, DH Saripalli, KP Meyer, PD TI A film depositional model of permeability for mineral reactions in unsaturated media SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; DISSOLUTION; FLOW; PRECIPITATION; SOILS; AQUIFER; GROWTH AB A film depositional modeling approach is developed for modeling changes in permeability due to mineral precipitation and dissolution reactions in unsaturated porous media. Such a model is needed for describing glass dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation in a low-level waste facility. The model is based on the assumption that the mineral precipitate is deposited on the pore walls as a continuous film, which may cause a reduction in permeability. Previous work in saturated media has used continuous pore-size distributions to represent the pore space. In this study, the film depositional model is developed for a discrete pore-size distribution, which is determined using the unsaturated hydraulic properties of the porous medium. This facilitates the process of dynamically updating the unsaturated hydraulic parameters used to describe fluid flow through the media. Single mineral test simulations have been conducted to test both the Mualem and Childs and Collis-George permeability models. Results simulation of the simultaneous dissolution of low-level glassified waste and secondary mineral precipitation show that the film depositional models yield physically reasonable predictions of permeability due to solid - aqueous phase reactions. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Freedman, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-36, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vicky.freedman@pnl.gov OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1414 EP 1424 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200036 ER PT J AU Hu, QH Kneafsey, TJ Roberts, JJ Tomutsa, L Wang, JSY AF Hu, QH Kneafsey, TJ Roberts, JJ Tomutsa, L Wang, JSY TI Characterizing unsaturated diffusion in porous tuff gravel SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE SURFACES; FILM FLOW; WATER; QUARTZ; MEDIA; ROCK; IONS AB Evaluation of solute diffusion in unsaturated porous gravel is very important for investigations of contaminant transport and remediation, risk assessment, and waste disposal ( e. g., the potential high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada). For a porous aggregate medium such as granular tuff, the total water content is comprised of surface water and interior water. The surface water ( water film around grains and pendular water between the grain contacts) could serve as a predominant diffusion pathway. To investigate the extent to which surface water films and contact points affect solute diffusion in unsaturated gravel, we examined the configuration of water using X-ray computed tomography (CT) in partially saturated gravel and made quantitative measurements of diffusion at multiple water contents using two different techniques. In the first, diffusion coefficients of KCl in 2- to 4-mm granular tuff at multiple water contents were calculated from electrical conductivity (EC) measurements using the Nernst - Einstein equation. In the second, we used laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (LA/ICP-MS) to perform microscale mapping, allowing the measurement of diffusion coefficients for a mixture of chemical tracers for tuff cubes and tetrahedrons having two contact geometries ( cube - cube and cube - tetrahedron). The X-ray computed tomography images show limited contact between grains, and this could hinder the pathways for diffusive transport. Experimental results show the critical role of surface water in controlling transport pathways and hence the magnitude of diffusion. Even with a bulk volumetric water content of 1.5%, the measured solute diffusion coefficient is as low as 1.5 x 10(-14) m(2) s(-1) for tuff gravel. Currently used diffusion models diffusion coefficients to total volumetric water content inadequately describe unsaturated diffusion behavior in porous gravel at very low water contents. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hu, QH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,MS L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hu7@llnl.gov RI Hu, Qinhong/C-3096-2009; Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014 OI Hu, Qinhong/0000-0002-4782-319X; Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1425 EP 1438 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200037 ER PT J AU Raats, PAC Zhang, ZF Ward, AL Gee, GW AF Raats, PAC Zhang, ZF Ward, AL Gee, GW TI The relative connectivity-tortuosity tensor for conduction of water in anisotropic unsaturated soils SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STATE-DEPENDENT ANISOTROPY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; POROUS-MEDIA; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; STRATIFIED SOILS; FLOW; TRANSPORT; PERMEABILITIES; SATURATION; HILLSLOPE AB The hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated anisotropic soils has recently been described with a tensorial connectivity - tortuosity (TCT) concept. We present a mathematical formalization of the connectivity tortuosity tensor, assuming that its principal axes coincide with those of the hydraulic conductivity tensor at saturation. The hydraulic conductivity tensor of such unsaturated anisotropic soils is given as the of a scalar variable, the symmetric connectivity - tortuosity tensor, and the hydraulic conductivity tensor at saturation. The influence of the degree of saturation on hydraulic conductivity is illustrated for four well-defined synthetic soils through radial plots of the hydraulic conductivity scalar and of the reciprocal hydraulic resistivity scalar, both as a function of saturation. The resulting curves are ellipses. The eccentricity of these ellipses is a measure of the degree of anisotropy of the soil at a given saturation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Zhang, ZF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fred.zhang@pnl.gov NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1471 EP 1478 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200042 ER PT J AU Su, GW Wang, JSY Zacny, K AF Su, GW Wang, JSY Zacny, K TI In situ freeze-capturing of fracture water using cryogenic coring SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Current methods do not allow for sampling of in situ water from unsaturated fractures in low-moisture environments. A novel cryogenic coring technique based on a previously developed method is used to collect in situ water in unsaturated fractures. This method uses liquid nitrogen as the drilling fluid, which can freeze the fracture water in place while coring. Laboratory experiments are conducted to demonstrate that water in an unsaturated fracture can be frozen and collected using cryogenic coring. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Su, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gwsu@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 3 IS 4 BP 1479 EP 1482 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 904BD UT WOS:000227469200043 ER PT J AU Dupont, JN Robino, CV Michael, JR Mizia, RE Williams, DB AF Dupont, JN Robino, CV Michael, JR Mizia, RE Williams, DB TI Physical and welding metallurgy of Gd-enriched austenitic alloys for spent nuclear fuel applications Part I: Stainless steel alloys SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gadolinium-enriched stainless steel; austenitic alloys; solid-state transformation; weldability; ductility; solidification; cracking ID SOLIDIFICATION CRACKING AB The development of Gd-enriched austenitic alloys is currently being considered for nuclear criticality control in spent nuclear fuel storage applications. In this research, the physical and welding metallurgy of Gd-enriched austenitic alloys has been investigated with a combination of differential thermal analysis, Varestraint and Gleeble tests, and various microstructural characterization techniques. The results of Gd additions made to a 316L stainless steel-type matrix are presented in this article, and similar information is provided for Gd-enriched Ni-based alloys in the Part 11 companion article. Type 316L stainless steel alloys with up to 6 wt-% Gd were observed to solidify in the primary ferrite mode and terminate solidification by a peritectic reaction involving a (Fe,Ni,Cr)(3)Gd intermetallic that is rich in Ni and Gd. The ferrite partially transforms to austenite after solidification by a solid-state transformation, producing a final microstructure that has an austenitic matrix with remnant ferrite at the dendrite cores and interdendritic (Fe,Ni,Cr)3Gd. Essentially no Gd is dissolved in either the ferrite or austenite phases. Heating of the as-cast alloys leads to liquation of the (Fe,Ni,Cr)(3)Gd intermetallic at similar to1060degreesC, and this phase reforms at a similar temperature during solidification. As a result, the solidification temperature range of these alloys is very large (360degrees-400degreesC, depending on Gd concentration). The large solidification temperature range leads to poor hot ductility and weldability, and limits production of these materials on a commercial basis. In Part 11 of this article, it is demonstrated that the solidification response and resultant hot ductility and weldability are significantly improved with the use of Ni-based matrix compositions. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dupont, JN (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 83 IS 11 BP 289S EP 300S PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 866TF UT WOS:000224795400009 ER PT J AU Lugmair, CG Tilley, TD AF Lugmair, CG Tilley, TD TI Synthesis and reactivity of Ti(III) tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy complexes SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE titanium(III); siloxide; molecular precursors; coordination polymer ID MOLECULAR PRECURSOR; ELECTRONIC SPECTRA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; ALKOXYSILOXY DERIVATIVES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SILICA MATERIALS; TITANIUM; CHEMISTRY; LIGANDS AB Reaction of TiCl3(THF)(3) with 3 equivalents of LiOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3) produces the Ti(III) siloxide Ti[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3)(THF)(2) (1), and a 1:4 ratio of the same reagents gives {LiTi[OSi ((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](4)}(x). Upon heating to 95degreesC, compound 1 converts via THF ring-opening to [((BuO)-Bu-t)(3)SiO](3)TiO(CH2)(4)Ti[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3). The pyridine adduct Ti[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3)(pyr)(2), and polymeric {Ti[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](3)(4,4'-bipyridine)}(n), are also described. Electronic spectra for the Ti[OSi ((OBU)-B-t)(3)](3)L-2 complexes indicate D-3h symmetry, and similar results for the 4,4'-bipyridine adduct suggest a linear polymeric structure. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tdtilley@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0932-0776 J9 Z NATURFORSCH B JI Z.Naturforsch.(B) PD NOV-DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 11-12 BP 1540 EP 1547 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 885QK UT WOS:000226171800049 ER PT J AU Daeron, M Benedetti, L Tapponnier, P Sursock, A Finkel, RC AF Daeron, M Benedetti, L Tapponnier, P Sursock, A Finkel, RC TI Constraints on the post-25-ka slip rate of the Yammouneh fault (Lebanon) using in situ cosmogenic Cl-36 dating of offset limestone-clast fans SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Levant fault; active faulting; cosmogenic nuclides; Cl-36 ID DEAD-SEA TRANSFORM; PLATE MOTIONS; EARTHQUAKE; SEISMICITY; SURFACES; EXAMPLE; HISTORY; SYSTEM; SYRIA; RIFT AB The most active seismogenic structure along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean is the N-S-trending left-lateral Levant Fault System (LFS), the plate boundary between Arabia and Africa. In Lebanon, it forms a 160-km-long restraining bend responsible for the uplift of Mount Lebanon. The resulting transpression is partitioned between the offshore Tripoli-Roum thrust and the Yammo (u) over cap neh strike-slip fault. There are few quantitative constraints on the Quaternary slip rate along the LFS. Here we present a direct estimate of the similar to25-ka mean slip rate on the Yammo (u) over cap neh fault. Mapped offsets of alluvial fans at two sites similar to50 km apart on the eastern flank of Mount Lebanon range between 24+/-2 and 80 8 in. About 30 limestone cobbles sampled on these fans yield in situ cosmogenic Cl-36 exposure ages mostly between 6 and 27 ka. A statistical assessment of offsets versus ages provides bounds on the Late Pleistocene-Holocene slip rate on the fault: 3.8-6.4 mm/yr. These results are consistent with long-term geological inferences, continuing that the Yammo (u) over cap neh fault is the main strike-slip branch of the LFS in Lebanon. They illustrate both the potential and the difficulties of using in situ cosmogenic Cl-36 dating of Iimestone-clast fan deposits for deciphering tectonic and geomorphic processes in the Mediterranean. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Inst Phys Globe, Lab Tecton, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Ctr Europeen Rech & Enseignement Geosci Environm, UMR 6635, Europole Mediterraneen Arbois, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. CNRS, Ctr Natl Geophys, Beirut 11002040, Lebanon. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Daeron, M (reprint author), Inst Phys Globe, Lab Tecton, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM daeron@ipgp.jussieu.fr; benedetti@cerege.fr; tappon@ipgp.jussieu.fr; asursock@cnrs.edu.lb; finkel1@llnl.gov RI Tapponnier, .Paul/B-7033-2011 OI Tapponnier, .Paul/0000-0002-7135-1962 NR 36 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 227 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.014 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 864QY UT WOS:000224649200007 ER PT J AU Gruenhagen, JA Lovell, P Moroz, LL Yeung, ES AF Gruenhagen, JA Lovell, P Moroz, LL Yeung, ES TI Monitoring real-time release of ATP from the molluscan central nervous system SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS SEPARATION; NATIVE FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; NEURONS; ASTROCYTES; CELLS; RECEPTORS; NEUROTRANSMITTERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICRODIALYSIS AB The further understanding of neuronal function is imperative for the prevention and treatment of neurofunctional disorders. To aid in this realization, novel methods for monitoring neuronal cell function must be developed and characterized. In this study, we report the application of real-time imaging of luciferase-catalyzed ATP chemiluminescence for the investigation of ATP release from whole central nervous systems of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Release of ATP from Lymnaea ganglia varied among the different ganglia as well as within individual ganglia. Furthermore, (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Florida, Whitney Lab, St Augustine, FL 32086 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0270 J9 J NEUROSCI METH JI J. Neurosci. Methods PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 139 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.03.008 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 869GD UT WOS:000224970500002 PM 15488226 ER PT J AU Knobelspiesse, KD Pietras, C Fargion, GS Wang, MH Frouin, R Miller, MA Subramaniam, A Balch, WM AF Knobelspiesse, KD Pietras, C Fargion, GS Wang, MH Frouin, R Miller, MA Subramaniam, A Balch, WM TI Maritime aerosol optical thickness measured by handheld sun photometers SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE maritime aerosols; Angstrom exponent; aerosol optical thickness; sun photometer ID SKY RADIANCE; LOGNORMAL-DISTRIBUTION; RETRIEVAL; OCEAN; SCATTERING; DEPTH; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATIONS; INSTRUMENT AB For several years, the NASA SIMBIOS Project has collected, processed, and archived optical aerosol data from shipboard sun photometers. The calibration, processing, quality control, and archival methodology for handheld sun photometers are described here, along with their deployment statistics. Data processing has been standardized for all instruments by using identical calibration methods, ancillary data, and processing software. Statistical analysis reveals a dataset influenced by its temporal and geographic distribution, while multimodal histograms for aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and Angstrom exponent reveal varied aerosol populations. A K-means unsupervised classification technique is used to separate these populations. This separation is validated by showing individual classes are more likely to be log-normally (for AOTs) or normally (for Angstrom exponents) distributed than the dataset as a whole. Properties for each class are presented, along with the characteristics of each class by regional oceanic basin. Results also compare favorably with maritime aerosols measured by land-based AERONET Cimels in island sites, while providing data coverage in previously sparsely sampled regions. Aerosol models employed by SeaWiFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor) also compare favorably with these ground based measurements. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Corp, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92103 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME USA. RP Knobelspiesse, KD (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 970-2, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kirk@simbios.gsfc.nasa.gov; wang@simbios.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016; OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751; Subramaniam, Ajit/0000-0003-1316-5827 NR 44 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT 30 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.018 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 859UW UT WOS:000224294400008 ER PT J AU Sondermann, H Soisson, SM Boykevisch, S Yang, SS Bar-Sagi, D Kuriyan, J AF Sondermann, H Soisson, SM Boykevisch, S Yang, SS Bar-Sagi, D Kuriyan, J TI Structural analysis of autoinhibition in the Ras activator son of sevenless SO CELL LA English DT Article ID GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE; PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INTRAMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; BINDING PROTEINS; N-TERMINUS; GRB2; COMPLEX; GTP AB The classical model for the activation of the nucleotide exchange factor Son of sevenless (SOS) involves its recruitment to the membrane, where it engages Ras. The recent discovery that Ras.GTP is an allosteric activator of SOS indicated that the regulation of SOS is more complex than originally envisaged. We now present crystallographic and biochemical analyses of a construct of SOS that contains the DbI homology-pleckstrin homology (DH-PH) and catalytic domains and show that the DH-PH unit blocks the allosteric binding site for Ras and suppresses the activity of SOS. SOS is dependent on Ras binding to the allosteric site for both a lower level of activity, which is a result of Ras.GDP binding, and maximal activity, which requires Ras.GTP. The action of the DH-PH unit gates a reciprocal interaction between Ras and SOS, in which Ras converts SOS from low to high activity forms as Ras.GDP is converted to Ras.GTP by SOS. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10021 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@berkeley.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [5R37CA55360, 5P01 CA28146, R01 CA096504-02] NR 34 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 11 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 119 IS 3 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.005 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 868IW UT WOS:000224908300010 PM 15507210 ER PT J AU Jakel, H Nowak, M Moitrot, M Dehondt, H Hum, DW Pennacchio, LA Fruchart-Najib, J Fruchart, JC AF Jakel, H Nowak, M Moitrot, M Dehondt, H Hum, DW Pennacchio, LA Fruchart-Najib, J Fruchart, JC TI The liver X receptor ligand T0901317 down-regulates APOA5 gene expression through activation of SREBP-1c SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE GTP; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; BOUND TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; APOLIPOPROTEIN A-V; FATTY-ACID; RESPONSE ELEMENT; CULTURED-CELLS; MICE; PROMOTER AB Alterations in the expression of the recently discovered apolipoprotein A5 gene strongly affect plasma triglyceride levels. In this study, we investigated the contribution of APOA5 to the liver X receptor (LXR) ligand-mediated effect on plasma triglyceride levels. Following treatment with the LXR ligand T0901317, we found that APOA5 mRNA levels were decreased in hepatoma cell lines. The observation that no down-regulation of APOA5 promoter activity was obtained by LXR-retinoid X receptor (RXR) co-transfection prompted us to explore the possible involvement of the known LXR target gene SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c). In fact, we found that co-transfection with the active form of SREBP-1c down-regulated APOA5 promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. We then scanned the human APOA5 promoter sequence and identified two putative E-box elements that were able to bind specifically SREBP-1c in gel-shift assays and were shown to be functional by mutation analysis. Subsequent suppression of SREBP-1 mRNA through small interfering RNA interference abolished the decrease of APOA5 mRNA in response to T0901317. Finally, administration of T0901317 to hAPOA5 transgenic mice revealed a significant decrease of APOA5 mRNA in liver tissue and circulating apolipoprotein AV protein in plasma, confirming that the described down-regulation also occurs in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that APOA5 gene expression is regulated by the LXR ligand T0901317 in a negative manner through SREBP-1c. These findings may provide a new mechanism responsible for the elevation of plasma triglyceride levels by LXR ligands and support the development of selective LXR agonists, not affecting SREBP-1c, as beneficial modulators of lipid metabolism. C1 Inst Pasteur, INSERM, UR545, Dept Atherosclerose, F-59019 Lille, France. Fac Pharm Lille, F-59019 Lille, France. Genfit SA, F-59120 Loos, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fruchart-Najib, J (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, INSERM, UR545, Dept Atherosclerose, 1 Rue Pr Calmette,BP 245, F-59019 Lille, France. EM Jamila.Fruchart@genfit.com FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL071954A, HL66681] NR 54 TC 58 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 44 BP 45462 EP 45469 DI 10.1074/jbc.M404744200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 865IC UT WOS:000224694900023 PM 15317819 ER PT J AU Whittier, JE Xiong, YJ Rechsteiner, MC Squier, TC AF Whittier, JE Xiong, YJ Rechsteiner, MC Squier, TC TI Hsp90 enhances degradation of oxidized calmodulin by the 20 S proteasome SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE CA-ATPASE; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE HSP90; 20S PROTEASOME; 26S PROTEASOME; S PROTEASOME; MULTICATALYTIC PROTEASE; OXIDATIVE INACTIVATION; DEPENDENT ACTIVATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB The 20 S proteasome has been suggested to play a critical role in mediating the degradation of abnormal proteins under conditions of oxidative stress and has been found in tight association with the molecular chaperone Hsp90. To elucidate the role of Hsp90 in promoting the degradation of oxidized calmodulin (CaMox), we have purified red blood cell 20 S proteasomes free of Hsp90 and assessed their ability to degrade CaMox in the absence or presence of Hsp90. Purified 20 S proteasome does not degrade CaMox unless Hsp90 is added. CaMox degradation is sensitive to both proteasome and Hsp90-specific inhibitors and is further enhanced in the presence of 2 mM ATP. Irrespective of the presence of Hsp90, we find that unoxidized CaM is not significantly degraded. Direct binding measurements demonstrate that Hsp90 selectively associates with CaMox; essentially no binding is observed between Hsp90 and unoxidized CaM. These results indicate that Hsp90 in association with the 20 S proteasome can selectively associate with oxidized and partially unfolded CaM to promote degradation by the proteasome. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Squier, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-53, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM thomas.squier@pnl.gov RI Xiong, Yijia/C-1341-2011 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG17996] NR 76 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 44 BP 46135 EP 46142 DI 10.1074/jbc.M406048200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 865IC UT WOS:000224694900100 PM 15319444 ER PT J AU Lui, ATY Hori, T Ohtani, S Zhang, Y Zhou, XY Henderson, MG Mukai, T Hayakawa, H Mende, SB AF Lui, ATY Hori, T Ohtani, S Zhang, Y Zhou, XY Henderson, MG Mukai, T Hayakawa, H Mende, SB TI Magnetotail behavior during storm time "sawtooth injections" SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE sawtooth injections; substorms; magnetotail ID MAGNETIC STORMS; SPACECRAFT; CONVECTION; SUBSTORMS; TAIL AB [1] A series of magnetic storms occurred during 16 - 21 April 2002 with multiple local minima in the Dst index. During this storm period, Geotail traversed the magnetotail from the premidnight tail lobe in the midtail region to the postmidnight plasma sheet in the near-Earth region. Simultaneous observations of energetic particles at the geostationary altitude showed the feature known as "sawtooth injections'' remarkably well from 18 April to 19 April. This conjunction allows us to examine the magnetotail behavior in the tail lobe and the plasma sheet associated with sawtooth injections. In the tail lobe, close but not perfect time coincidence is found between injection onset and start of southward dipping of the magnetic field vector in the tail lobe. Long-duration (1-2 hours) southward dipping in the tail lobe magnetic field appears to be a global behavior of the tail lobe in association with sawtooth injections. In the plasma sheet, intermittent occurrences of plasma flow reversal from sunward to tailward and of magnetic field from northward to southward are found. The duration of southward magnetic field is typically short (1-5 min) within the plasma sheet. There are some sawtooth injections that are not accompanied by any significant changes in plasma sheet parameters ( plasma flows, magnetic and electric fluctuation levels), suggesting the plasma sheet behavior to be localized even in association with sawtooth injections that are global in nature. There was no indication of the magnetotail being driven in a relatively "steady state'' in association with sawtooth injections during this sequence of storms. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lui, ATY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM tony.lui@jhuapl.edu RI Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; Zhang, Yongliang/C-2180-2016 OI Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Zhang, Yongliang/0000-0003-4851-1662 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A10 AR A10215 DI 10.1029/2004JA010543 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 868AL UT WOS:000224884200003 ER PT J AU Strop, P Bankovich, AJ Hansen, KC Garcia, KC Brunger, AT AF Strop, P Bankovich, AJ Hansen, KC Garcia, KC Brunger, AT TI Structure of a human A-type potassium channel interacting protein DPPX, a member of the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase family SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DPPX; DPP6; voltage gated potassium channel; dipeptidyl aminopeptidase; serine protease ID DEPENDENT K+ CHANNEL; IV-RELATED PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BETA-SUBUNIT; PEPTIDASE IV; PROLYL OLIGOPEPTIDASE; TO CHANNELS; COMPLEX; EXPRESSION; RESOLUTION AB It has recently been reported that dipeptidyl aminopeptidase X (DPPX) interacts with the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv4 and that co-expression of DPPX together with Kv4 pore forming alpha-subunits, and potassium channel interacting proteins (KChIPs), reconstitutes properties of native A-type potassium channels in vitro. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of the extracellular domain of human DPPX determined at 3.0 Angstrom resolution. This structure reveals the potential for a surface electrostatic change based on the protonation state of histidine. Subtle changes in extracellular pH might modulate the interaction of DPPX with Kv4.2 and possibly with other proteins. We propose models of DPPX interaction with the voltage-gated potassium channel complex. The dimeric structure of DPPX is highly homologous to the related protein DPP-IV. Comparison of the active sites of DPPX and DPP-IV reveals loss of the catalytic serine residue but the presence of an additional serine near the "active" site. However, the arrangement of residues is inconsistent with that of canonical serine proteases and DPPX is unlikely to function as a protease (dipeptidyl aminopeptidase). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, James H Clark Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Howard Hughes Med Inst, E300 318 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM brunger@stanford.edu OI Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036; Bankovich, Alexander/0000-0003-2368-4479 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007290] NR 64 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 343 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1065 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.09.003 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 864TP UT WOS:000224656100021 PM 15476821 ER PT J AU Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Barbosa, RF Barker, AR Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Blucher, E Bock, GJ Cheu, E Childress, S Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Cox, B Erwin, AR Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Graham, J Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hsiung, YB Huang, H Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE Kotera, K LaDue, J Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Monnier, E Nelson, KS Nguyen, H Niclasen, R Prasad, V Qi, XR Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Ronquest, M Santos, E Shanahan, P Shields, J Slater, W Smith, D Solomey, N Swallow, EC Toale, PA Tschirhart, R Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Wilking, M Winstein, B Winston, R Worcester, ET Yamanaka, T Zimmerman, ED AF Alexopoulos, T Arenton, M Barbosa, RF Barker, AR Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Blucher, E Bock, GJ Cheu, E Childress, S Coleman, R Corcoran, MD Cox, B Erwin, AR Ford, R Glazov, A Golossanov, A Graham, J Hamm, J Hanagaki, K Hsiung, YB Huang, H Jejer, V Jensen, DA Kessler, R Kobrak, HGE Kotera, K LaDue, J Ledovskoy, A McBride, PL Monnier, E Nelson, KS Nguyen, H Niclasen, R Prasad, V Qi, XR Ramberg, EJ Ray, RE Ronquest, M Santos, E Shanahan, P Shields, J Slater, W Smith, D Solomey, N Swallow, EC Toale, PA Tschirhart, R Wah, YW Wang, J White, HB Whitmore, J Wilking, M Winstein, B Winston, R Worcester, ET Yamanaka, T Zimmerman, ED CA KTeV Collaboration TI A determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter vertical bar V-us vertical bar using K-L decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter \V-us\ based on new measurements of the six largest K-L branching fractions and semileptonic form factors by the KTeV (E832) experiment at Fermilab. We find \V-us\ = 0.2252+/-0.0008(KTeV)+/-0.0021(ext), where the errors are from KTeV measurements and from external sources. We also use the measured branching fractions to determine the CP violation parameter \eta(+-)\ = (2.228+/-0.005(KTeV)+/-0.009(ext)) x 10(-3). C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Elmhurst Coll, Elmhurst, IL 60126 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Osaka Univ, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Virginia, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. CNRS, CPP Marseille, F-75700 Paris, France. RP Alexopoulos, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Moura Santos, Edivaldo/K-5313-2016 OI Moura Santos, Edivaldo/0000-0002-2818-8813 NR 13 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 181802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.181802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500018 PM 15525151 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Charles, MJ Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S 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Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H CA BaBar Collaboration TI Branching fractions and CP asymmetries in B-0 ->(K+K-KS0) and B+->(K+KSKS0)-K-0 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS; VIOLATION AB We measure the branching fractions and CP asymmetries in the decays B-0 --> (K+K-KS0) and B+ --> (K+KSKS0)-K-0 using a sample of approximately 122 x 10(6) B(B) over bar pairs collected by the BABAR detector. From a time-dependent analysis of the (K+K-KS0) sample that excludes phiK(S)(0), the values of the CP-violation parameters are S = -0.56+/-0.25+/-0.04 and C = -0.10+/-0.19+/-0.10, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We confirm that the final state is nearly purely CP even and extract the standard model parameter sin2beta = 0.57+/-0.26+/-0.04(-0)(+0.17) where the last error is due to uncertainty on the CP content. We present the first measurement of the CP-violating charge asymmetry A(CP)(B+ --> (K+KSKS0)-K-0) = -0.04+/-0.11+/-0.02. The branching fractions are B(B-0 --> (K+K-K0)) = (23.8+/-2.0+/-1.6) x 10(-6) and B(B+ --> (K+KSKS0)-K-0) = (10.7+/-1.2+/-1.0) x 10(-6). C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. 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RI Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 181805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.181805 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500021 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP 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Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Lodovico, FD Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW 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Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Charles, MJ Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J 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Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Buono, LD Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Gamba, VD Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Nardo, GD Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Lodovico, FD Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H CA BaBar Collaboration TI Searches for B-0 decays to combinations of two charmless isoscalar mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QCD FACTORIZATION; STANDARD MODEL AB We search for B meson decays into two-body combinations of eta,eta('),omega, and phi mesons from 89 x 10(6) B(B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider at SLAC. We find the branching fraction B(B-0 --> etaomega) = (4.0(-1.2)(+1.3)+/-0.4) x 10(-6) with a significance of 4.3sigma. For the other decay modes we set the following 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions, in units of 10(-6): B(B-0 --> etaeta) < 2.8, B(B-0 --> etaeta') < 4.6, B(B-0 --> eta'eta') < 10, B(B-0 --> eta'omega) < 2.8, B(B-0 --> etaphi) < 1.0, B(B-0 --> eta'phi) < 4.5, and B(B-0 --> phiphi) < 1.5. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. 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RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Sloane, Richard/0000-0001-5584-2844; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Cibinetto, Gianluigi/0000-0002-3491-6231; Galeazzi, Fulvio/0000-0002-6830-9982; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Cavoto, Gianluca/0000-0003-2161-918X; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 181806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.181806 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500022 PM 15525155 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Charles, MJ Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pioppi, M Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Coleman, JP Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Di Lodovico, F Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R 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Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Band, HR Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C 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Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Di Lodovico, F Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Gan, KK 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Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Band, HR Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H CA BaBar Collaboration TI Study of B -> D-sJ((*)+)(D)over-bar((*)) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a study of D-sJ(*)(2317)(+) and D-sJ(2460)(+) meson production in B decays. We observe the decays B+--> D-sJ((*)+)(D) over bar ((*)0) and B-0 --> DsJ(*)+D(*)- with the subsequent decays D-sJ(*)(2317)(+)-->D(s)(+)pi(0), D-sJ(2460)(+)-->D(s)(+)gamma, and D-sJ(2460)(+)-->D(s)(*+)pi(0). Based on a data sample of 122.1x10(6) B(B) over bar pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B factory, we obtain branching fractions for these modes, including the previously unseen decays B-->(DsJ(*)+D*). In addition, we perform an angular analysis of D-sJ(2460)(+)-->D(s)(+)gamma decays to test the different D-sJ(2460)(+) spin hypotheses. C1 Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Queen Mary Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettr, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. DSM Dapnia, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012 OI Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480 NR 16 TC 285 Z9 290 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 181801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.181801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500017 PM 15600911 ER PT J AU Harrison, N Alver, U Goodrich, RG Vekhter, I Sarrao, JL Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Balicas, L Fisk, Z Hall, D Macaluso, RT Chan, JY AF Harrison, N Alver, U Goodrich, RG Vekhter, I Sarrao, JL Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Balicas, L Fisk, Z Hall, D Macaluso, RT Chan, JY TI 4f-electron localization in CexLa1-xMIn5 with M = Co, Rh, or Ir SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CERHIN5; ITINERANT; HEAVY; CERU2SI2; SR3RU2O7; STATE AB de Haas-van Alphen measurements on CexLa1-xMIn5 yield contrasting types of behavior that depend on whether M = Co and Ir or M = Rh. A stronger x-dependent scattering in the case of M = Co and Ir is suggestive of a stronger relative coupling, J/W, of the conduction electrons to the 4f electrons, which would then account for the development of a heavy composite Fermi-liquid state as x --> 1. The failure of a composite Fermi-liquid state to form for any x in the case of M = Rh is shown to be inconsistent with theoretical models that propose antiferromagnetism to result from spin-density-wave formation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, Dept Phys, TR-46100 K Maras, Turkey. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Harrison, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Vekhter, Ilya/M-1780-2013; Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 186405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.186405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500056 PM 15525189 ER PT J AU Htoon, H Cox, PJ Klimov, VI AF Htoon, H Cox, PJ Klimov, VI TI Structure of excited-state transitions of individual semiconductor nanocrystals probed by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; RELAXATION AB We perform for the first time photoluminescence excitation (PLE) studies of individual nanocrystals (NCs) that reveal the structure of excited-state transitions not obscured by ensemble averaging. Single-NC PLE spectra strongly deviate from a traditional idealized picture of sharp, quasiatomic resonances. We detect only a few relatively narrow transitions (3-4 meV) at the band edge, while at higher spectral energies, we observe a broad structureless feature separated from the band-edge peaks by a >50 meV "minigap." These observations can be rationalized by analyzing hole intraband relaxation behavior. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov OI Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 187402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.187402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500074 PM 15525207 ER PT J AU Macek, JH Krstic, PS Ovchinnikov, SY AF Macek, JH Krstic, PS Ovchinnikov, SY TI Regge oscillations in integral cross sections for proton impact on atomic hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; COLLISIONS; EXCHANGE; H+ AB The integral cross sections for elastic scattering and spin exchange for proton impact on atomic hydrogen show several oscillations in the energy range 0.01-1.0 eV that cannot be associated with resonances or the glory effect. A complex angular momentum analysis using computed Regge trajectories shows that each peak of the oscillatory structure is predominantly associated with at most three trajectories. In this way, the peaks are related to the L = 0 bound states of H-2(+). The complex angular momentum theory for integral cross sections that we introduce shows that such oscillations are a general feature of potential scattering. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Macek, JH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Ovchinnikov, Serguei/C-4994-2014 NR 12 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 183203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.183203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500029 PM 15525162 ER PT J AU Mounaix, P Divol, L AF Mounaix, P Divol, L TI Breakdown of hot-spot model in determining convective amplification in large homogeneous systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; STATISTICS AB Convective amplification in large homogeneous systems is studied, both analytically and numerically, in the case of a linear diffraction-free stochastic amplifier. Overall amplification does not result from successive amplifications in small scale high intensity hot spots, but from a single amplification in a delocalized mode of the driver field spreading over the whole interaction length. For this model, the hot-spot approach is found to systematically underestimate the gain factor by more than 50%. C1 Ecole Polytech, Ctr Phys Theor, CNRS, UMR 7644, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mounaix, P (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Ctr Phys Theor, CNRS, UMR 7644, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM mounaix@cpht.polytechnique.fr; divol1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 185003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.185003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500040 PM 15525173 ER PT J AU Rohe, D Armstrong, CS Asaturyan, R Baker, OK Bueltmann, S Carasco, C Day, D Ent, R Fenker, HC Garrow, K Gasparian, A Gueye, P Hauger, M Honegger, A Jourdan, J Keppel, CE Kubon, G Lindgren, R Lung, A Mack, DJ Mitchell, JH Mkrtchyan, H Mocelj, D Normand, K Petitjean, T Rondon, O Segbefia, E Sick, I Stepanyan, S Tang, L Tiefenbacher, F Vulcan, WF Warren, G Wood, SA Yuan, L Zeier, M Zhu, H Zihlmann, B AF Rohe, D Armstrong, CS Asaturyan, R Baker, OK Bueltmann, S Carasco, C Day, D Ent, R Fenker, HC Garrow, K Gasparian, A Gueye, P Hauger, M Honegger, A Jourdan, J Keppel, CE Kubon, G Lindgren, R Lung, A Mack, DJ Mitchell, JH Mkrtchyan, H Mocelj, D Normand, K Petitjean, T Rondon, O Segbefia, E Sick, I Stepanyan, S Tang, L Tiefenbacher, F Vulcan, WF Warren, G Wood, SA Yuan, L Zeier, M Zhu, H Zihlmann, B CA E97-006 Collaboration TI Correlated strength in the nuclear spectral function SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; REACTION C-12(E,E'P); PROTON; E,E'P; SYSTEMS; MATTER; MODEL AB We have carried out an (e,e' p) experiment at high momentum transfer and in parallel kinematics to measure the strength of the nuclear spectral function S(k, E) at high nucleon momenta k and large removal energies E. This strength is related to the presence of short-range and tensor correlations, and was known hitherto only indirectly and with considerable uncertainty from the lack of strength in the independent-particle region. This experiment locates by direct measurement the correlated strength predicted by theory. C1 Univ Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Rohe, D (reprint author), Univ Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM Daniela.Rohe@unibas.ch RI Rondon Aramayo, Oscar/B-5880-2013; carasco, Cedric/H-5463-2013; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015 OI Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934 NR 34 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 18 AR 182501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.182501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866US UT WOS:000224799500025 PM 15525158 ER PT J AU Namazifard, A Parsons, ID AF Namazifard, A Parsons, ID TI A distributed memory parallel implementation of the multigrid method for solving three-dimensional implicit solid mechanics problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE parallel multigrid; unstructured finite elements; solid mechanics ID FINITE-ELEMENT PROBLEMS; SOLVER; AGGREGATION AB We describe the parallel implementation of a multigrid method for unstructured finite element discretizations of solid mechanics problems. We focus on a distributed memory programming model and use the MPI library to perform the required interprocessor communications. We present an algebraic framework for our parallel computations, and describe an object-based programming methodology using Fortran90. The performance of the implementation is measured by solving both fixed- and scaled-size problems on three different parallel computers (an SGI Origin2000, an IBM SP2 and a Cray T3E). The code performs well in terms of speedup, parallel efficiency and scalability. However, the floating point performance is considerably below the peak values attributed to these machines. Lazy processors are documented on the Origin that produce reduced performance statistics. The solution of two problems on an SGI Origin2000, an IBM PowerPC SMP and a Linux cluster demonstrate that the algorithm performs well when applied to the unstructured meshes required for practical engineering analysis. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Methods Dev Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Simulat Adv Rockets, Urbana, IL USA. RP Parsons, ID (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Methods Dev Grp, B141,R1128,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM idp@llnl.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1173 EP 1208 DI 10.1002/nme.1103 PG 36 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 865XY UT WOS:000224738700002 ER PT J AU Waisman, H Fish, J Tuminaro, RS Shadid, J AF Waisman, H Fish, J Tuminaro, RS Shadid, J TI The generalized global basis (GGB) method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multilevel; preconditioner; indefinite; non-symmetric matrices; GMRES ID BASIS 2-LEVEL METHOD; INDEFINITE SYSTEMS; PRECONDITIONER; AGGREGATION; CONVERGENCE; SOLVER AB In this work, we present the generalized global basis (GGB) method aimed at enhancing performance of multilevel solvers for difficult systems such as those arising from indefinite and non-symmetric matrices. The GGB method is based on the global basis (GB) method (Int J Numer Methods Eng 2000; 49:439-460, 461-478), which constructs an auxiliary coarse model from the largest eigenvalues of the iteration matrix. The GGB method projects these modes which would cause slow convergence to a coarse problem which is then used to eliminate these modes. Numerical examples show that best performance is obtained when GGB is accelerated by GMRES and used for problems with multiple right-hand sides. In addition, it is demonstrated that GGB method can enhance restarted GMRES strategies by retention of subspace information. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil Mech & Aerosp Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fish, J (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil Mech & Aerosp Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM fishj@rpi.edu RI Waisman, Haim/G-3029-2010 NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1243 EP 1269 DI 10.1002/nme.1107 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 865XY UT WOS:000224738700005 ER PT J AU McGrane, SD Moore, DS Funk, DJ AF McGrane, SD Moore, DS Funk, DJ TI Shock induced reaction observed via ultrafast infrared absorption in poly(vinyl nitrate) films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; WAVES; PRESSURE; SOLIDS; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; COMPLEX AB Ultrafast laser shock generation methods and broad-band infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy have provided evidence that shock-induced chemistry in a condensed-phase energetic material occurs on a time scale of tens of picoseconds and involves the nitro group as a primary reactant. Femtosecond broad-band infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor films of the energetic polymer poly(vinyl nitrate) during shock loading and rarefaction. At similar to 18 GPa, poly(vinyl nitrate) films exhibited loss of absorption in the nitro group stretch modes that did not recover upon rarefaction, providing an indication of initial chemical reaction. At pressures less than or equal to9 GPa, the observed spectral changes are ascribed to thin film optical interference effects, without chemical reaction. The loss of infrared absorption required an induction time of tens of picoseconds after shock passage, supporting reaction mechanisms that require vibrational energy transfer rather than prompt reaction. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGrane, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Experimentat Div, DX-2,MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 43 BP 9342 EP 9347 DI 10.1021/jp048464x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 865ER UT WOS:000224685800004 ER PT J AU Wang, XQ Hanson, JC Szanyi, J Rodriguez, JA AF Wang, XQ Hanson, JC Szanyi, J Rodriguez, JA TI Interaction of H2O and NO2 with BaY faujasite: Complex contraction/expansion behavior of the zeolite unit cell SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID SYNCHROTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; CATION MIGRATION; FAU ZEOLITES; Y-ZEOLITE; MAS NMR; DEHYDRATION; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION; PRESSURE AB In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction in combination with the Rietveld method was used to study the contraction/expansion behavior of a BaY faujasite zeolite during dehydration and NO2 adsorption/desorption reactions. The adsorption of water and NO2 Molecules induced a significant contraction of the zeolite unit cell. The unexpected contraction of the unit cell was closely related to the amount of water and NO, species (NO+, NO2, NO3-) inside the framework. The reaction H2O + NO2 --> NO3- + H+ had a substantial effect on the structural properties of the BaY system. The NO3- groups produced a shift in the position of the Ba cations and a reduction in the zeolite unit cell. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 43 BP 16613 EP 16616 DI 10.1021/jp046242t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 865EP UT WOS:000224685600004 ER PT J AU Rim, KT Muller, T Fitts, JP Adib, K Camillone, N Osgood, RM Batista, ER Friesner, RA Joyce, SA Flynn, GW AF Rim, KT Muller, T Fitts, JP Adib, K Camillone, N Osgood, RM Batista, ER Friesner, RA Joyce, SA Flynn, GW TI Scanning tunneling microscopy and theoretical study of competitive reactions in the dissociative chemisorption of CCl4 on iron oxide surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FE3O4(111); ALPHA-FE2O3(0001); TRANSITION; FILMS; TERMINATION AB Variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (VT STM) and theoretical ab initio computer simulations were used to study dissociative chemisorption and competitive surface chemistry of CCl4 on an iron-terminated Fe3O4 (111) 2 x 2 surface in an ultrahigh vacuum. The Fe3O4 (111) surface was exposed to CCl4 molecules at 224 K, slowly annealed to 500 K (0.2 K/s), and scanned at room temperature. Two different chlorine species were observed only on the iron-terminated Fe3O4 (111) 2 x 2 surface due to chemisorption of CCl4, one on top of surface-terminating iron atoms (Cl bound to surface irons) and the other at 3-fold oxygen vacancy sites (Cl bound to subsurface irons). The ratio of the number of chlorine species on top sites to the number at 3-fold oxygen vacancy sites is approximately 9:1, which is dramatically different from the 1:10 ratio observed when CCl4 is dosed at room temperature. The difference in the ratio of these two chlorine species can be explained with a competitive surface reaction picture in which phosgene evolution/surface oxygen atom abstraction, leading to chlorine species at 3-fold oxygen vacancy sites, can only favorably compete with recombination and association reactions, leading to chlorine atoms on top sites, near room temperature. Theoretical calculations were performed that predict an activation barrier of 0.16 eV for the production of phosgene from CCl4 reacting with the iron-terminated Fe3O4 (111) 2 x 2 surface. C1 Columbia Univ, Environm Mol Sci Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Mat Sci Program, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Flynn, GW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Environm Mol Sci Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM flynn@chem.columbia.edu RI Fitts, Jeffrey/J-3633-2012; Joyce, Stephen/Q-7804-2016 OI Joyce, Stephen/0000-0003-1330-7362 NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 43 BP 16753 EP 16760 DI 10.1021/jp030937x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 865EP UT WOS:000224685600026 ER PT J AU Buchanan, AC Kidder, MK Britt, PF AF Buchanan, AC Kidder, MK Britt, PF TI Molecular orientation effects in a surface-confined, free-radical reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-DIRECTED GROWTH; RESTRICTED MASS-TRANSPORT; MODEL COMPOUNDS; DIFFUSIONAL CONSTRAINTS; IMMOBILIZED BIBENZYL; CHAIN DECOMPOSITION; PYROLYSIS PATHWAYS; MESOPOROUS SILICAS; POLYMER BRUSHES; PHENYL ETHER AB Molecular confinement on solid surfaces can have important consequences for chemical reactivity. Pyrolysis of silica-immobilized 1,3-diphenylpropane (DPP) at 375 degreesC has been examined in the presence of a series of isomeric (by point of attachment) co-attached hydroaromatic spacer molecules to explore the role of molecular orientation on a free-radical reaction under surface confinement. The DPP pyrolysis rate was found to be sensitive to both the structure of the spacer and its attachment orientation to the surface. Spacer molecules with a meta orientation of the benzylic hydrogens with respect to the surface linkage were found to produce faster reaction rates than the corresponding para-oriented spacers. Molecular modeling indicates that the meta-attached spacers are better able to attain a favorable separation and geometry for hydrogen transfer to intermediate surface-con fined benzyl radicals in the hydrogen transfer, radical relay mechanism on the surface. These orientation effects have important implications in many fields including catalysis, solid-phase synthesis, and the design and preparation of new nanostructured materials. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Buchanan, AC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM buchananac@ornl.gov NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 43 BP 16772 EP 16779 DI 10.1021/jp047169+ PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 865EP UT WOS:000224685600029 ER PT J AU Xiong, L Seibert, M Gusev, AV Wasielewski, MR Hemann, C Hille, CR Sayre, RT AF Xiong, L Seibert, M Gusev, AV Wasielewski, MR Hemann, C Hille, CR Sayre, RT TI Substitution of a chlorophyll into the inactive branch pheophytin-binding site impairs charge separation in photosystem II SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SIDE ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS; D1-D2-CYTOCHROME B559 COMPLEX; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; PIGMENT COMPOSITION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PRIMARY PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM AB All photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) have two parallel sets of electron transfer cofactors that cross the membrane. In quinone-type RCs (including photosystem II (PSII)), however, only one pathway (the active branch) is used for electron transfer. Since the electron transfer cofactors of each pathway have nearly identical distance and orientation relationships, it is assumed that local differences in protein environment determine the directionality of electron transfer. To understand further the factors that affect energy distribution among the PSII RC cofactors, we altered the PSII RC cofactor symmetry by replacing the inactive-branch pheophytin (Pheo) with a chlorophyll (Chl). We mutated the D1-L210 residue to a histidine (D1-L210H) to provide a Mg ligand for Chl. Analyses of the pigment composition of D1-L210H RCs indicated that the inactive-branch Pheo had been replaced by a Chl. Comparisons of wild-type and D1-L210 transient absorption spectra confirmed that the red-shifted Pheo Qx absorption band (543.5 nm) belonged to the active-branch Pheo. Surprisingly, intact D1-L210H PSII complexes were unable to evolve oxygen, lacked Chl variable fluorescence, (following a flash), and were unable to photoaccumulate reduced Qa, indicating that electron transfer in D1-L210H PSII complexes was severely perturbed. The kinetics of primary charge separation, however, were not substantially altered in D1-L210H RCs, indicating that the Chl substitution had not perturbed the energetics of the primary electron donor/acceptor pair. Significantly, intact D1-L210H PSII core complexes had a substantially increased and red-shifted Chl fluorescence emission band attributed to fluorescence from Chl's of the distal antenna complex as well as a blue-shifted fluorescence emission peak attributed to Chl's of the proximal antenna complex (77 K). These results are interpreted in terms of a redistribution of the excitedstate energy among the Pigments of the RC multimer, leading to loss of the excited state via fluorescence in the D1-L210H mutant. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Cellular & Mol Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Sayre, RT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Cellular & Mol Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sayre.2@osu.edu OI Sayre, Richard/0000-0002-3153-7084; Hemann, Craig/0000-0002-7380-4072 NR 50 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 43 BP 16904 EP 16911 DI 10.1021/jp040262d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 865EP UT WOS:000224685600046 ER PT J AU Abbamonte, P Blumberg, G Rusydi, A Gozar, A Evans, PG Siegrist, T Venema, L Eisaki, H Isaacs, ED Sawatzky, GA AF Abbamonte, P Blumberg, G Rusydi, A Gozar, A Evans, PG Siegrist, T Venema, L Eisaki, H Isaacs, ED Sawatzky, GA TI Crystallization of charge holes in the spin ladder of Sr14Cu24O41 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DOPED HOLES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; WAVE AB Determining the nature of the electronic phases that compete with superconductivity in high-transition-temperature (high-T-c) superconductors is one of the deepest problems in condensed matter physics. One candidate is the 'stripe' phase(1-3), in which the charge carriers ( holes) condense into rivers of charge that separate regions of antiferromagnetism. A related but lesser known system is the 'spin ladder', which consists of two coupled chains of magnetic ions forming an array of rungs. A doped ladder can be thought of as a high-T-c material with lower dimensionality, and has been predicted to exhibit both superconductivity(4-6) and an insulating 'hole crystal'(4,7,8) phase in which the carriers are localized through many-body interactions. The competition between the two resembles that believed to operate between stripes and superconductivity in high-T-c materials(9). Here we report the existence of a hole crystal in the doped spin ladder of Sr14Cu24O41 using a resonant X-ray scattering technique(10). This phase exists without a detectable distortion in the structural lattice, indicating that it arises from many-body electronic effects. Our measurements confirm theoretical predictions(4,7,8), and support the picture that proximity to charge ordered states is a general property of superconductivity in copper oxides. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Groningen, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. AIST, Nanoelectr Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Abbamonte, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM abbamonte@bnl.gov RI Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; Rusydi, Andrivo/I-1849-2016 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; NR 29 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 6 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 431 IS 7012 BP 1078 EP 1081 DI 10.1038/nature02925 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865VB UT WOS:000224730800035 PM 15510143 ER PT J AU Barnes, T Close, FE Dudek, JJ Godfrey, S Swanson, ES AF Barnes, T Close, FE Dudek, JJ Godfrey, S Swanson, ES TI Options for the SELEX state D-sJ(+)(2632) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PAIR-CREATION MODEL; HEAVY-LIGHT MESONS; QUARK-MODEL; STRONG DECAYS; LATTICE QCD; MOLECULES; CHARMONIUM; HYBRID; RESONANCE; ATOM AB We consider possible assignments for the D-s(+)(2632), which was recently reported in D(s)(+)eta and (DK+)-K-0 final states by the SELEX Collaboration at Fermilab. The most plausible quark model assignment for this state is the first radial excitation (2(3) S-1) of the cs D-s*(2112), although the predicted mass and strong decay branching fractions for this assignment are not in agreement s with the SELEX data. The reported dominance of D(s)eta 77 over DK appears especially problematic. An intriguing similarity to the K*(1414) is noted. 2(3)S(1)-D-3(1) configuration mixing is also considered, and we find that this effect is unlikely to resolve the branching fraction discrepancy. Other interpretations as a cs-hybrid or a two-meson molecule are also considered, but appear unlikely. Thus, if this state is confirmed, it will require reconsideration of the systematics of charmed meson spectroscopy and strong decays. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Inst Phys, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tbarnes@utk.edu; f.close@physics.ox.ac.uk; j.dudek1@physics.ox.ac.uk; godfrey@physics.carleton.ca; swansore@pitt.edu NR 47 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 3-4 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.075 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 864BQ UT WOS:000224608300007 ER PT J AU Pascalutsa, V Holstein, BR Vanderhaeghen, M AF Pascalutsa, V Holstein, BR Vanderhaeghen, M TI A derivative of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; MAGNETIC-MOMENT; DISPERSION AB We derive a sum rule which establishes a linear relation between a particle's anomalous magnetic moment and a quantity connected to the photoabsorption cross section. This quantity cannot be measured directly. However, it can be computed within a given theory. As an example, we demonstrate validity of the sum rule in QED at tree level-the renowned Schwinger's correction to the anomalous magnetic moment is readily reproduced. In the case of the strong interactions, we also consider the calculation of the nucleon magnetic moment within chiral theories. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 JLab, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23188 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, LGRT, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Pascalutsa, V (reprint author), JLab, Theory Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM vlad@jlab.org; holstein@physics.umas.edu; marcvdh@jlab.org OI Pascalutsa, Vladimir/0000-0002-2613-6104 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 600 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.09.006 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 864BQ UT WOS:000224608300009 ER PT J AU Yun, SI Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD AF Yun, SI Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD TI Small-angle neutron scattering from symmetric blends of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly (ethylmethylsiloxane) SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polymer blends; SANS; phase behavior ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); LIGHT-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; TEMPERATURE; MIXTURES; CONFORMATIONS; SIMULATIONS; POLYSTYRENE; DIMENSIONS; BEHAVIOR AB We present results of a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of the structure and thermodynamic properties of symmetric blends of deuterated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (d-PDMS) and poly(ethylmethylsiloxane) (PEMS) as a function of temperature (T) (40less than or equal toTless than or equal to300degreesC) and the molecular weight (M-w) (4700less than or equal toM(w)less than or equal to23,200). The radius of gyration (R-g) of d-PDMS was measured using the high-concentration labeling method and revealed unperturbed chain dimensions at all temperatures regardless of the polymer M-w. The random phase approximation (RPA) fits the data for low M-w blends, however it fails to describe the SANS data for M-w > 10,000 g/mol. This observation is explained by the fact that for high M-w blends the correlation length of the concentration fluctuations xi is always large (xi > R-g), implying that these blends remain microscopically inhomogeneous at all temperatures studied in this work. At the same time, the low Mw blends are randomly mixed (xi < R-g) at all T and can reach the 'ideal mixing' or Theta condition (chi = 0). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yui@ornl.gov OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 35 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 23 BP 7969 EP 7977 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.050 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 867AG UT WOS:000224813900020 ER PT J AU Liu, TB Kim, K Hsiao, BS Chu, B AF Liu, TB Kim, K Hsiao, BS Chu, B TI Regular and irregular micelles formed by A LEL triblock copolymer in aqueous solution SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE light scattering; micelles; block copolymer ID DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS; PEG BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; BUTYLENE-OXIDE; ASSOCIATION; GLYCOL); PLGA; DEGRADATION AB Laser light scattering (LLS) techniques were used to characterize the micellization of poly(D,L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide) (LEL) triblock copolymer (MW 1K-2K-1K) in aqueous solution. We observed the existence of both thermodynamically stable flower-like micelles (regular micelles) and large, less soluble nanoparticles (irregular micelles) in dilute aqueous solutions with the same preparation procedure. Both kinds of micelles were found to co-exist with single copolymer chains. The initial copolymer concentration determines the nature of the micelles. The regular core-shell micelle formation follows a closed association mechanism, resulting in flower-like micelles. The hydrophobicity of a L unit is estimated as similar to0.5-0.6 B (polyoxybutylene) units from the micellization parameters, which is quite consistent with earlier estimations obtained from EL diblock copolymers. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Liu, TB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM liu@bnl.gov; bchu@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017 OI Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 28 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 23 BP 7989 EP 7993 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.08.074 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 867AG UT WOS:000224813900022 ER PT J AU Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Zhang, Y Saylor, RD Chapman, EG Laulainen, NS Abdul-Razzak, H Leung, LR Bian, XD Zaveri, RA AF Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Zhang, Y Saylor, RD Chapman, EG Laulainen, NS Abdul-Razzak, H Leung, LR Bian, XD Zaveri, RA TI MIRAGE: Model description and evaluation of aerosols and trace gases SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review DE aerosols; global model ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR CYCLE; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE AEROSOLS; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; THRESHOLD FRICTION VELOCITIES; SIZE-SEGREGATED SIMULATION AB [1] The Model for Integrated Research on Atmospheric Global Exchanges ( MIRAGE) modeling system, designed to study the impacts of anthropogenic aerosols on the global environment, is described. MIRAGE consists of a chemical transport model coupled online with a global climate model. The chemical transport model simulates trace gases, aerosol number, and aerosol chemical component mass ( sulfate, methane sulfonic acid (MSA), organic matter, black carbon ( BC), sea salt, and mineral dust) for four aerosol modes (Aitken, accumulation, coarse sea salt, and coarse mineral dust) using the modal aerosol dynamics approach. Cloud-phase and interstitial aerosol are predicted separately. The climate model, based on Community Climate Model, Version 2 (CCM2), has physically based treatments of aerosol direct and indirect forcing. Stratiform cloud water and droplet number are simulated using a bulk microphysics parameterization that includes aerosol activation. Aerosol and trace gas species simulated by MIRAGE are presented and evaluated using surface and aircraft measurements. Surface-level SO2 in North American and European source regions is higher than observed. SO2 above the boundary layer is in better agreement with observations, and surface-level SO2 at marine locations is somewhat lower than observed. Comparison with other models suggests insufficient SO2 dry deposition; increasing the deposition velocity improves simulated SO2. Surface-level sulfate in North American and European source regions is in good agreement with observations, although the seasonal cycle in Europe is stronger than observed. Surface-level sulfate at high-latitude and marine locations, and sulfate above the boundary layer, are higher than observed. This is attributed primarily to insufficient wet removal; increasing the wet removal improves simulated sulfate at remote locations and aloft. Because of the high sulfate bias, radiative forcing estimates for anthropogenic sulfur given in 2001 by S. J. Ghan and colleagues are probably too high. Surface- level dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is similar to 40% higher than observed, and the seasonal cycle shows too much DMS in local winter, partially caused by neglect of oxidation by NO3. Surface-level MSA at marine locations is similar to80% higher than observed, also attributed to insufficient wet removal. Surface- level BC is similar to 50% lower than observed in the United States and similar to 40% lower than observed globally. Treating BC as initially hydrophobic would lessen this bias. Surface- level organic matter is lower than observed in the United States, similar to BC, but shows no bias in the global comparison. Surface- level sea salt concentrations are similar to 30% lower than observed, partly caused by low temporal variance of the model's 10 m wind speeds. Submicrometer sea salt is strongly underestimated by the emissions parameterization. Dust concentrations are within a factor of 3 at most sites but tend to be lower than observed, primarily because of neglect of very large particles and underestimation of emissions and vertical transport under high-wind conditions. Accumulation and Aitken mode number concentrations and mean sizes at the surface over ocean, and condensation nuclei concentrations aloft over the Pacific, are in fair agreement with observations. Concentrations over land are generally higher than observations, with mean sizes correspondingly lower than observations, especially at some European locations. Increasing the assumed size of emitted particles produces better agreement at the surface over land, and reduci C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Snellville, GA 30078 USA. Texas A&I Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Centr Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Easter, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM richard.easter@pnl.gov RI Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012; Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 NR 280 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D20 AR D20210 DI 10.1029/2004JD004571 PG 46 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867ZR UT WOS:000224882100001 ER PT J AU Chen, WR Liu, Y Mallamace, F Thiyagarajan, P Chen, SH AF Chen, WR Liu, Y Mallamace, F Thiyagarajan, P Chen, SH TI Studies of structural arrest transition in L64/D20 micellar solutions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Structural Arrest Transitions in Colloidal Systems with Short-Range Attractions CY DEC 17-20, 2003 CL Messina, ITALY SP Bonino Pulejo Fdn, Messina Univ, Dept Energy, European Comm Marie Curie Project ID MODE-COUPLING-THEORY; GLASS-TRANSITION; ATTRACTIVE INTERACTIONS; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; SYSTEM; PERCOLATION; SURFACTANT; SCATTERING; STATES AB We summarize the results of analyses of a series of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on dense L64 copolymer micellar solutions in heavy water. The system is modelled as a suspension of micellar particles that interact among themselves with a hard core plus a short range square well attractive interaction. The observed phase behaviour in the plane of temperature and polymer concentration is described. Characteristic features such as the existence of the glass-to-liquid-to-glass re-entrance transition and the line of glass-to-glass transition with its associated end point (A(3) singularity) are found which are quantitatively consistent with the recent mode coupling theory calculations using the same model potential. Supplementary to SANS experiments, photon correlation spectroscopy experiments on the same system have been performed. They show that although the Debye-Waller factors (the long time limits of the coherent intermediate scattering functions) of the two glasses do indeed become identical at the A(3) point as predicted, the intermediate scattering functions exhibit distinctly different intermediate time relaxations. Furthermore, we show that the Debye-Waller factors obtained from volume fractions beyond the A(3) point have the same magnitude as for the repulsive glass obtained before the A(3) point. In addition, the effect of applied pressure on the kinetic glass transition (KGT) is explored for the first time. We observe that, for the KGT in L64/D2O micellar system, increasing applied pressure at constant temperature has a similar effect to reducing temperature at constant pressure. The preliminary observation of the ageing effect on quenching into the attractive glass state with the SANS technique is reported as well. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis, I-98100 Messina, Italy. Univ Messina, INFM, I-98100 Messina, Italy. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, WR (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 42 SI SI BP S4951 EP S4974 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/42/012 PG 24 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 872XJ UT WOS:000225242400013 ER PT J AU Pestovsky, O Bakac, A AF Pestovsky, O Bakac, A TI Reactivity of aqueous Fe(IV) in hydride and hydrogen atom transfer reactions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHROMIC ACID OXIDATION; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; NONHEME IRON; 2-ELECTRON OXIDATIONS; DIOXYGEN ACTIVATION; RATE CONSTANTS; ONE-ELECTRON; FERRYL ION; RADICALS; CYCLOBUTANOL AB Oxidation of cyclobutanol by aqueous Fe(IV) generates cyclobutanone in similar to70% yield. In addition to this two-electron process, a smaller fraction of the reaction takes place by a one-electron process, believed to yield ring-opened products. A series of aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and ethers also react in parallel hydrogen atom and hydride transfer reactions, but acetone and acetonitrile react by hydrogen atom transfer only. Precise rate constants for each pathway for a number of substrates were obtained from a combination of detailed kinetics and product studies and kinetic simulations. Solvent kinetic isotope effect for the self-decay of Fe(IV), k(H2O)/k(D2O) = 2.8, is consistent with hydrogen atom abstraction from water. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bakac@ameslab.gov NR 51 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 42 BP 13757 EP 13764 DI 10.1021/ja0457112 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 865EL UT WOS:000224685200054 PM 15493935 ER PT J AU Prendergast, D Grossman, JC Williamson, AJ Fattebert, JL Galli, G AF Prendergast, D Grossman, JC Williamson, AJ Fattebert, JL Galli, G TI Optical properties of silicon clusters in the presence of water: A first principles theoretical analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCITED-STATES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; POROUS SILICON; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NANOCLUSTERS; NANOCRYSTALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB We investigate the impact of water on the optical absorption of prototypical silicon clusters. Our clusters contain 5 silicon atoms, tetrahedrally coordinated and passivated with either hydrogen or oxygen. We approach this complex problem by assessing the contributions of three factors: chemical reactivity, thermal equilibration, and dielectric screening. We find that the silanone (Si=O) functional group is not chemically stable in the presence of water and exclude this as a source of significant red shift in absorption in aqueous environments. We perform first principles molecular dynamics simulations of the solvation of a chemically stable, oxygenated silicon cluster with explicit water molecules at 300 K. We find a systematic 0.7 eV red shift in the absorption gap of this cluster, which we attribute to thermally induced fluctuations in the molecular structure. Surprisingly, we find no observable screening impact of the solvent, in contrast with consistent blue shifts observed for similarly sized organic molecules in polar solvents. The predicted red shift is expected to be significantly smaller for larger Si quantum dots produced experimentally, guaranteeing that their vacuum optical properties are preserved even in aqueous environments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Prendergast, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM prendergast2@llnl.gov RI Prendergast, David/E-4437-2010 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 42 BP 13827 EP 13837 DI 10.1021/ja048038p PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 865EL UT WOS:000224685200062 PM 15493943 ER PT J AU Small, D Zaitsev, V Jung, YS Rosokha, SV Head-Gordon, M Kochi, JK AF Small, D Zaitsev, V Jung, YS Rosokha, SV Head-Gordon, M Kochi, JK TI Lntermolecular,pi-to-pi bonding between stacked aromatic dyads. Experimental and theoretical binding energies and near-IR optical transitions for phenalenyl radical/radical versus radical/cation dimerizations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; CHARGE-TRANSFER COMPLEXES; CATION-RADICALS; DIMER CATIONS; MOLECULAR CONDUCTOR; SPIN RESONANCE; TETRACYANOETHYLENE ANION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-BEHAVIOR AB The high symmetry and stability of phenalenyl systems, both as the planar pi-radical (P-o) and as the pi-cation (P+), are desirable characteristics of prototypical aromatic donor/acceptor pairs that encourage their use as (binary) models for the study of intermolecular interactions extant in stacked molecular arrays. Thus, quantitative ESR spectroscopy of the paramagnetic P-o identifies its spontaneous self-association to the diamagnetic P-2, previously characterized as the stacked pi-dimer by X-ray crystallography. Likewise, the rapid cross-association of P-o with the closed-shell P+ leads to the stacked pi-dimer cation P-2(.+) with the "doubled" ESR spectrum diagnostic of complete (odd) electron delocalization. These 7-associations are confirmed by UV-vis studies that reveal diagnostic near-IR bands of both P-2 and P-2(.+)-strongly reminiscent of intermolecular charge-transfer absorptions in related aromatic (donor/acceptor) pi-associations. Ab initio molecular-orbital calculations for the pi-climer P-2 predict a binding energy of DeltaE(D) = -11 kcal mol(-1), which is in accord with the experimental enthalpy change of DeltaH(D) = -9.5 kcal mol(-1) in dichloromethane solution. Most importantly, the calculations reproduce the intermonomer spacings and reveal the delicate interplay of attractive covalent and dispersion forces, balanced against the repulsions between filled orbitals. For comparison, the binding energy in the structurally related cationic pi-pimer P-2(.+) is calculated to be significantly larger with DeltaE(P) approximate to -20 kcal mol(-1) (gas phase), owing to favorable electrostatic interactions not present in the neutral pi-dimer (which outweigh the partial loss of covalent interactions). As a result, our theoretical formulation can correctly account for the experimental enthalpy change in solution of DeltaH(P) = -6.5 kcal mol(-1) by the inclusion of differential ionic solvation in the formation of the pi-pimer. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Kochi, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Jung, Yousung/D-1676-2010 OI Jung, Yousung/0000-0003-2615-8394 NR 105 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 7 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 42 BP 13850 EP 13858 DI 10.1021/ja046770i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 865EL UT WOS:000224685200065 PM 15493946 ER PT J AU Cinco, RM Robblee, JH Messinger, J Fernandez, C Holman, KLM Sauer, K Yachandra, VK AF Cinco, RM Robblee, JH Messinger, J Fernandez, C Holman, KLM Sauer, K Yachandra, VK TI Orientation of calcium in the Mn4Ca cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex determined using polarized strontium EXAFS of photosystem II membranes SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC WATER OXIDATION; MULTILINE EPR SIGNAL; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; MANGANESE CLUSTER; MN CLUSTER; FINE-STRUCTURE; CENTERED OXIDATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB The oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II (PS II) in green plants and algae contains a cluster of four Mn atoms in the active site, which catalyzes the photoinduced oxidation of water to dioxygen. Along with Mn, calcium and chloride ions are necessary cofactors for proper functioning of the complex. The current Study using polarized Sr EXAFS on oriented Sr-reactivated samples shows that Fourier peak II, which fits best to Mn at 3.5 Angstrom rather than lighter atoms (C, N, O, or Cl), is dichroic, with a larger magnitude at 10degrees (angle between the PS II membrane normal and the X-ray electric field vector) and a smaller magnitude at 80degrees. Analysis of the dichroism of the Sr EXAFS yields a lower and upper limit of 0degrees and 23degrees for the average angle between the Sr-Mn vectors and the membrane normal and an isotropic coordination number (number of Mn neighbors to Sr) of 1 or 2 for these layered PS II samples. The results confirm the contention that Ca (Sr) is proximal to the Mn cluster and lead to refined working models of the heteronuclear Mn4Ca cluster of the oxygen-evolving complex in PS II. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yachandra, VK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vkyachandra@lbl.gov RI Fernandez, Carmen/C-9546-2012; Institute of Chemistry - USP, Dept. of Chemistry/B-8988-2012 OI Fernandez, Carmen/0000-0003-2201-6241; FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 55302, R01 GM055302, R56 GM055302] NR 95 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 42 BP 13271 EP 13282 DI 10.1021/bi036308v PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 864GQ UT WOS:000224622400005 PM 15491134 ER PT J AU Karthikeyan, S Zhou, QX Zhao, ZB Kao, CL Tao, ZH Robinson, H Liu, HW Zhang, H AF Karthikeyan, S Zhou, QX Zhao, ZB Kao, CL Tao, ZH Robinson, H Liu, HW Zhang, H TI Structural analysis of Pseudomonas 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase complexes: Insight into the mechanism of a unique pyridoxal-5 '-phosphate dependent cyclopropane ring-opening reaction SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INDOLE-3-GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; ACID DEAMINASE; COENZYME B-6; WILD-TYPE; INTERMEDIATE; SYNTHASE AB 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme catalyzing the opening of the cyclopropane ring of ACC to give alpha-ketobutyric acid and ammonia as the products. This ring cleavage reaction is unusual because the substrate, ACC, contains no abstractable alpha-proton and the carboxyl group is retained in the product. How the reaction is initiated to generate an alpha-carbanionic intermediate, which is the common entry for most PLP-dependent reactions, is not obvious. To gain insight into this unusual ring-opening reaction, we have solved the crystal structures of ACC deaminase from Pseudomonas sp. ACP in complex with substrate ACC, an inhibitor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-phosphonate (ACP), the product alpha-ketobutyrate, and two D-amino acids. Several notable observations of these structural studies include the following: (1) a typically elusive gem-diamine intermediate is trapped in the enzyme complex with ACC or ACP; (2) Tyr294 is in close proximity (3.0 Angstrom) to the pro-S methylene carbon of ACC in the gem-diamine complexes, implicating a direct role of this residue in the ring-opening reaction; (3) Tyr294 may also be responsible for the abstraction of the cc-proton from D-amino acids, a prelude to the subsequent deamination reaction; (4) the steric hindrance precludes accessibility of active site functional groups to the L-amino acid substrates and may account for the stereospecificity of this enzyme toward D-amino acids. These structural data provide evidence favoring a mechanism in which the ring cleavage is induced by a nucleophilic attack at the pro-S beta-methylene carbon of ACC, with Tyr294 as the nucleophile. However, these observations are also consistent with an alternative mechanistic possibility in which the ring opening is acid-catalyzed and may be facilitated by charge relay through PLP, where Tyr294 functions as a general acid. The results of mutagenesis studies corroborated the assigned critical role for Tyr294 in the catalysis. C1 Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM h.w.liu@mail.utexas.edu; zhang@chop.swmed.edu RI Karthikeyan, Subramanian/F-8808-2010; Kao, Chai-Lin/C-9665-2009; Zhao, Zongbao/F-5518-2011 OI Kao, Chai-Lin/0000-0003-3991-9092; Zhao, Zongbao/0000-0003-0654-1193 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40541, GM63689] NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 42 BP 13328 EP 13339 DI 10.1021/bi048878g PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 864GQ UT WOS:000224622400010 PM 15491139 ER PT J AU Marcais, C Verges, B Charriere, S Pruneta, V Merlin, M Billon, S Pennacchio, LA Fruchart-Najib, J Fruchart, JC Durlach, V Moulin, P AF Marcais, C Verges, B Charriere, S Pruneta, V Merlin, M Billon, S Pennacchio, LA Fruchart-Najib, J Fruchart, JC Durlach, V Moulin, P TI Apolipoprotein A-V truncation as a cause of familial type-V hyperlipoproteinemia SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Hosp Civils Lyon, Cntr Lyon Sud Hospices, Pierre Benite, France. Hosp Univ Bocage, INSERM, U498, Dijon, France. INSA, INSERM, UMR 585, Villeurbanne, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Inst Pasteur, U545, INSERM, Lille, France. Hosp Robert Debre, Reims, France. Hosp Cardiolog, INSERM, UMR585, INSA,Hospices Civil, Lyon, France. Fac Pharm Lille, Lille, France. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 876 BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783501035 ER PT J AU Superko, HR Williams, PT Boggess, C AF Superko, HR Williams, PT Boggess, C TI Small LDL IVb predicts mortality independent of other lipoprotein measurements SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Scientific Meeting of the American-Heart-Association CY NOV 07-10, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Berkeley HeartLab, Atlanta, GA USA. Fuqua Heart Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Berkeley HeartLab, Burlingame, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 110 IS 17 SU S MA 3782 BP 819 EP 819 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 866OT UT WOS:000224783504347 ER PT J AU Wu, CM Chen, HL Lin, TL Liou, WS Lin, JS AF Wu, CM Chen, HL Lin, TL Liou, WS Lin, JS TI A two-state model for the multilamellar structure of a DNA/cationic lipid complex in the bulk SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; LIPOSOME COMPLEXES; DNA INTERCALATION; MEMBRANES; PHASE AB Polyanionic DNA can bind electrostatically with cationic lipids to form a complex used for gene delivery and nanostructure construction. Here, we reveal two multilamellar phases, L-I and L-II, characterized by distinct states of lipid packing and DNA conformation in a DNA/cationic lipid complex in the bulk state. The L-II phase, formed when the lipids are in excess of DNA in terms of overall ionic charge, is composed of B-DNA confined between the bilayers with the lipid tails aligning normal to the lamellar interface. When DNA becomes in excess of the lipids, the L-I phase in which the DNA is bound with the tilted lipid chains adopting the A conformation is favored because this configuration offers more economical electrostatic binding between these two components. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn & Syst Sci, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Chung Gung Univ, Dept Anat, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM hlchen@che.nthu.edu.tw OI Wu, Ching-Mao/0000-0001-7838-4305 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 22 BP 9432 EP 9436 DI 10.1021/la0499956 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 865CJ UT WOS:000224679800003 PM 15491171 ER PT J AU Hagaman, EW Zhu, HG Overbury, SH Dai, S AF Hagaman, EW Zhu, HG Overbury, SH Dai, S TI C-13 NMR characterization of the organic constituents in ligand-modified hexagonal mesoporous silicas: Media for the synthesis of small, uniform-size gold nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO OXIDATION; CATALYSTS; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN; AMINES; TIO2 AB This paper reports the C-13 NMR characterization of functionalized MCM-41's and describes the chemistry that occurs in the pores of these materials in the process of forming gold nanoparticles. Nanoparticles formed on hexagonal mesoporous silica (MCM-41) by hydrogen reduction of chloroauric acid have little affinity for pure silica surfaces. The gold can be removed from the support with very mild treatment, for example, solvent extraction. The loss of gold from the substrate can be prevented using a pore functionalization methodology that entails synthesis of the silica containing polydentate amine functionality chemically bound in the mesopores. The synthetic scheme introduces solvents and templating reagents (surfactants) into the mesopores that are chemically reactive under the conditions required for gold particle formation. Extensive base-catalyzed elimination and nucleophilic substitution reactions involving the tetraalkylammonium surfactant occur during the reduction of chloroauric acid to gold. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hagaman, EW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 22 BP 9577 EP 9584 DI 10.1021/la0304161 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 865CJ UT WOS:000224679800021 PM 15491189 ER PT J AU Garnweitner, G Smarsly, B Assink, R Dunphy, DR Scullin, C Brinker, CJ AF Garnweitner, G Smarsly, B Assink, R Dunphy, DR Scullin, C Brinker, CJ TI Characterization of self-assembled lamellar thermoresponsive silica-hydrogel nanocomposite films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; THIN-FILMS; METHACRYLIC-ACID; IN-SITU; COPOLYMERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; POLYMERIZATION; COMPOSITES; STABILITY AB Mesostructured lamellar nanocomposite films with alternating silica and organic layers containing poly(N-isopropropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) were prepared using evaporation-induced self-assembly. A suitable theoretical approach to analyze the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns of oriented lamellar two-phase systems was applied to the SAXS data of films of varying composition, providing details on the self-assembly process, the composition, and the polymerization. In particular, this approach allowed an accurate determination of the thickness of the silica and the organic layer. The applicability of the SAXS approach was carefully tested with simulated data and verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA and C-13 NMR were used to study the polymerization and linkage to the silica matrix. SAXS and time-resolved grazing incidence SAXS revealed that the phase transition of PNIPAM at ca. 32 degreesC leads to a reversible expansion/contraction perpendicular to the layers on a time scale of ca. 30 min. C1 Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. Univ New Mexico, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smarsly, B (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Colloids & Interfaces, Am Muhlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. EM smarsly@mpikg-golm.mpg.de RI Smarsly, Bernd/G-8514-2011; OI Garnweitner, Georg/0000-0002-7499-4947 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 22 BP 9811 EP 9820 DI 10.1021/la048962x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 865CJ UT WOS:000224679800051 PM 15491219 ER PT J AU Startsev, EA Davidson, RC AF Startsev, EA Davidson, RC TI Analytical solutions for the nonlinear longitudinal drift compression (expansion) of intense charged particle beams SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID DELTA-F SIMULATION; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-BEAMS; HEAVY-ION FUSION; PERIODIC FOCUSING FIELD; LARGE TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; RESISTIVE HOSE INSTABILITY; VLASOV-MAXWELL EQUATIONS; 2-STREAM INSTABILITY; SPACE-CHARGE; STABILITY PROPERTIES AB To achieve high focal spot intensities in heavy-ion fusion, the ion beam must be compressed longitudinally by factors of 10-100 before it is focused onto the target. The longitudinal compression is achieved by imposing an initial velocity profile tilt on the drifting beam. In this paper, the problem of longitudinal drift compression of intense charged-particle beams is solved analytically for the two important cases corresponding to a cold beam, and a pressure-dominated beam, using a one-dimensional warm-fluid model describing the longitudinal beam dynamics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Startsev, EA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM estartsev@pppl.gov NR 101 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 26 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 141 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/141 PG 37 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 865ZB UT WOS:000224741600001 ER PT J AU Teplin, CW Kaydanova, T Young, DL Perkins, JD Ginley, DS Ode, A Readey, DW AF Teplin, CW Kaydanova, T Young, DL Perkins, JD Ginley, DS Ode, A Readey, DW TI A simple method for the preparation of transparent p-type Ca-doped CuInO2 films: Pulsed-laser deposition from air-sintered Ca-doped Cu2In2O5 targets SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DELAFOSSITE STRUCTURE; CONDUCTIVE OXIDE; SEMICONDUCTOR; GROWTH AB We report the deposition of single-phase undoped and Ca-doped CuInO2 thin films from a readily synthesized source target of Cu2In2O5-circumventing the very difficult fabrication of CuInO2 targets. X-ray diffraction shows that single-phase materials were obtained over a range of substrate temperatures and deposition pressures. p-type conductivities are measured to be similar to3x10(-3) S/cm, comparable to the best films previously reported. The optical properties of the films were measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teplin, CW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM charles_teplin@nrel.gov NR 21 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3789 EP 3791 DI 10.1063/1.1808498 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700046 ER PT J AU Smith, S Zhang, P Gessert, T Mascarenhas, A AF Smith, S Zhang, P Gessert, T Mascarenhas, A TI Near-field optical beam-induced currents in CdTe/CdS solar cells: Direct measurement of enhanced photoresponse at grain boundaries SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using near-field optical beam induced current, we spatially resolve the photocurrent in polycrystalline CdTe/CdS solar cells, and observe increased photocurrent collection at grain boundaries (relative to the intragrain volume). This observation supports previously reported hypotheses that grain boundaries present a hole-barrier, thereby assisting in charge separation at the grain boundaries in these devices. The results offer compelling evidence, in an actual working-device structure, of the role of grain boundaries in explaining the surprisingly high performance of these highly defected devices. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM steve_smith@mailaps.org NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3854 EP 3856 DI 10.1063/1.1802971 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700068 ER PT J AU Feng, R Conrad, EH Tringides, MC Kim, C Miceli, PF AF Feng, R Conrad, EH Tringides, MC Kim, C Miceli, PF TI Wetting-layer transformation for Pb nanocrystals grown on Si(111) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; DISORDER; ISLANDS; HEIGHT AB We present the results of in situ x-ray scattering experiments that investigate the growth of Pb nanocrystalline islands on Si(111). It is conclusively shown that the Pb nanocrystals do not reside on top of a Pb wetting layer. The nucleating Pb nanocrystals transform the highly disordered Pb wetting layer beneath the islands into well-ordered fcc Pb. The surface then consists of fcc Pb islands directly on top of the Si surface with the disordered wetting layer occupying the region between the islands. As the Pb nanocrystals coalesce at higher coverage we observe increasing disorder that is consistent with misfit strain relaxation. These results have important implications for predicting stable Pb island heights. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Conrad, EH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM edward.conrad@physics.gatech.edu NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3866 EP 3868 DI 10.1063/1.1812593 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700072 ER PT J AU Chernobrod, BM Berman, GP Milonni, PW AF Chernobrod, BM Berman, GP Milonni, PW TI Improving the sensitivity of frequency modulation spectroscopy using nanomechanical cantilevers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER AB It is suggested that nanomechanical cantilevers can be employed as high-Q filters to circumvent laser noise limitations on the sensitivity of frequency modulation spectroscopy. In this approach, a cantilever is actuated by the radiation pressure of the amplitude modulated light that emerges from an absorber. Numerical estimates indicate that laser intensity noise will not prevent a cantilever from operating in the thermal noise limit, where the high Q's of cantilevers are most advantageous. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chernobrod, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpb@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 17 BP 3896 EP 3898 DI 10.1063/1.1809275 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866UK UT WOS:000224798700082 ER PT J AU Macht, J Baertsch, CD May-Lozano, M Soled, SL Wang, Y Iglesia, E AF Macht, J Baertsch, CD May-Lozano, M Soled, SL Wang, Y Iglesia, E TI Support effects on Bronsted acid site densities and alcohol dehydration turnover rates on tungsten oxide domains SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE tungsten oxide catalysts; titration by hindered amines; Bronsted acid site density; in situ UV-vis spectroscopy; support effects ID OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION REACTIONS; SKELETAL ISOMERIZATION; ZIRCONIA CATALYSTS; WOX/ZRO2; SPECTROSCOPY; REACTIVITY; WO3/AL2O3; MECHANISM; ZEOLITES; 1-BUTENE AB The effects of support identity on catalytic 2-butanol dehydration rates, Bronsted acid site density, and reducibility are examined for WOx domains Supported on ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2 (MCM41), and SnO2. On WOx-Al2O3, 2-butanol dehydration rates (per W atom) increased with increasing WOx surface density and reached maximum values at WOx surface densities (9-10 W nm(-2)) similar to those required for two-dimensional polytungstates, as also found on WOx-ZrO2. UV-visible edge energies showed that WOx domains become larger as WOx surface density increases. Selective titration of Bronsted acid sites by sterically hindered 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine during 2-butanol dehydration reaction showed that this reaction occurs predominately on Bronsted acid sites for WOx domains on ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2, and SnO2 supports. Pre-edge features appear in the UV-visible spectra of WOx-Al2O3 samples during 2-butanol dehydration and their intensity increases with WOx surface density in parallel with measured Bronsted acid site densities and dehydration rates (per W atom). These d-d electronic transitions reflect the formation of reduced centers, consisting of acidic Hdelta+(WO3)(n)(delta-) species, using 2-butanol as a stoichiometric reductant. These processes resemble those on WOx-ZrO2, indicating that temporary acid sites generally form from neutral WOx precursors on all Supports. Dehydration turnover rates (per Bronsted acid site) were unaffected by the identity of the support, but for a given WOx surface density. the number of reduced centers and the density of Bronsted acid sites, but not their intrinsic reactivity, depend on the identity of the support; both reduced centers and Bronsted acid sites are more abundant oil ZrO2-supported than on Al2O3-supported samples, as a result of electronic isolation of WOx domains on the more insulating and unreducible Al2O3 supports. The dehydration regioselectivity on Bronsted acid sites is strongly influenced by support, with more electropositive support cations leading to stronger interactions between alpha-hydrogens in reactants and lattice oxygens, favoring sterically hindered transition states required for the formation of cis-2-butene. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Corp Strateg Res, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Iglesia, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM iglesia@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017; OI Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001; May-Lozano, Marcos/0000-0001-6570-8163 NR 34 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 12 U2 101 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 227 IS 2 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.08.014 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 864TE UT WOS:000224655000021 ER PT J AU Disselkamp, RS Chin, YH Peden, CHF AF Disselkamp, RS Chin, YH Peden, CHF TI The effect of cavitating ultrasound on the heterogeneous aqueous hydrogenation of 3-buten-2-ol on Pd-black SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE inert dopant; sonocatalysis; hydrogenation; cavitation AB The effect of ultrasound at 20 kHz on the heterogeneous aqueous hydrogenation of 3-buten-2-ol employing a Pd-black catalyst has been studied isothermally at 295 K, forming 2-butanone and 2-butanol products. Our work here shows that adding 1-pentanol as an inert dopant had the effect of inducing cavitation in the ultrasound-treated reaction where it otherwise would not occur. The selectivity showed a 700% increase toward 2-butanol formation and the activity enhanced a factor of 10.8 compared to the noncavitating high-power ultrasound experiment. This study demonstrates that "inert dopants" may have use as synthetic tools in sonocatalysis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Disselkamp, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 3335 Q Ave,MS K8-88,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.disselkamp@pnl.gov OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 227 IS 2 BP 552 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.08.012 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 864TE UT WOS:000224655000030 ER PT J AU Morris, DE Da Re, RE Jantunen, KC Castro-Rodriguez, I Kiplinger, JL AF Morris, DE Da Re, RE Jantunen, KC Castro-Rodriguez, I Kiplinger, JL TI Trends in electronic structure and redox energetics for early-actinide pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED ELECTROCHEMISTRY; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; GROUND-STATE; URANIUM(IV); REDUCTION; CHLORIDE; TETRAHYDROFURAN; ORGANOIMIDO; YTTERBOCENE; CHEMISTRY AB Detailed cyclic voltammetric and UV-visible-near-infrared electronic absorption spectral data have been obtained for a series of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl complexes of uranium(IV) and thorium(IV) of the general formula (C5Me5)(2)An(L-1)(L-2), where L-1, L-2 = Cl, SO3CF3, CH3, CH2Ph, imido (=N-2,4,6-(BU3C6H2)-B-t), hydrazonato (eta(2)(N,N')-RNN=CPh2; R = CH3, CH2Ph, Ph), ketimido (-N=C(Ph)(R); R = CH3, CH2Ph, Ph) ligands, and for the hexavalent uranium bis(imido) complex (C5Me5)(2)U(=NPh)(2). The electrochemical and spectroscopic behavior of the tetravalent uranium complexes falls cleanly into distinct categories based on the nature of L-1 and L-2. If both ligands are simple sigma-donors (Cl, SO3CF3, CH3, CH2Ph), a reversible U(IV/U(III) voltammetric wave is the only metal-based process observed, and it occurs between similar to-1.8 and -2.6 V vs [(C5H5)(2)Fe](+/0). If either L-1 or L-2 is a nitrogen-donor ligand (imido, hydrazonato, ketimido), then both a U(IV)/U(III) reduction wave and a U(V)/ U(IV) oxidation wave are observed. The reduction step occurs in the same potential region as for the a-donor complexes, and the oxidation wave occurs in the range from similar to+0.2 to -0.7 V vs [(C5H5)(2)Fel(+/0). This oxidation wave is reversible, indicating that the unusual pentavalent uranium oxidation state is kinetically stable on a voltammetric time scale, and the potential of the oxidation step indicates that the pentavalent state is thermodynamically stabilized from interaction with the nitrogen-donor ligand(s). The separation between reduction and oxidation processes in these nitrogen-donor complexes remains nearly constant over the series of eight complexes, with an average value of 2.09 V. Additional ligand-based redox processes are also observed and assigned on the basis of the existence of corresponding voltammetric waves in the Th(IV) complexes and other cyclopentadiene complexes. The electronic absorption spectra for all U(IV) complexes are comprised of two distinct regions: a lower energy region (E < 15 000 cm(-1)) containing the narrow f-f transitions arising from within the 5f orbital manifold and a higher energy region (E > 15 000 cm(-1)) containing broad, unstructured, or poorly structured bands derived from both metal-localized 5f-6d transitions and molecular-based transitions including ligand-localized and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions. A definite trend in intensities of these transitions is observed, depending on the nature of L-1 and L-2. If L-1 and L-2 are both simple sigma-donor ligands, the f-f transition intensities are relatively weak (molar absorptivity epsilonapproximate to 10-80 M-1 cm(-1)), consistent with observations for most classical coordination complexes of 5f(2) electronic configuration, and the broad, higher energy bands have E values in the 3000-5000 M-1 cm-1 range. If L, and/or L-2 is a hydrazonato ligand, the f-f transition intensities increase to similar to30-120 M-1 cm(-1) and the broad, higher energy bands develop significantly greater intensities (E 15000-20000 M-1 cm(-1)). Finally, for the imido and ketimido complexes of U(IV), the f-f transition intensities increase to similar to50-400 M-1 cm(-1), and the broad, higher energy bands continue to carry substantial intensity ( epsilonapproximate to10000-15000 M-1 cm(-1)) while also extending to lower energy. This interesting trend in f-f transition intensity is interpreted in the context of an intensity-stealing mechanism from the charge-transfer excited states that reflects an enhanced degree of covalent interaction between the actinide metal center and L-1/L-2 for the nitrogen-donor ligand systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morris, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM demorris@lanl.gov; kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Morris, David/A-8577-2012; Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062 NR 40 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD OCT 25 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 22 BP 5142 EP 5153 DI 10.1021/om049634v PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 864KW UT WOS:000224633400010 ER PT J AU Zaharia, S Birn, J Friedel, RHW Reeves, GD Thomsen, MF Cheng, CZ AF Zaharia, S Birn, J Friedel, RHW Reeves, GD Thomsen, MF Cheng, CZ TI Substorm injection modeling with nondipolar, time-dependent background field SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE substorm injections; dipolarization; propagating pulse; dispersionless injections; particle acceleration; space weather ID TEST PARTICLE ORBITS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; CURRENT DISRUPTION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ION INJECTIONS; DRIFT ECHOES; PLASMA SHEET; GROWTH-PHASE; ONSET AB We model energetic particle injections during substorms by investigating the particle interaction with an earthward propagating electromagnetic pulse of spatially localized transient electric ( E) and magnetic ( B) fields, superposed over a background B field. The current work extends our previous model by considering the background field to be nondipolar (stretched) before the arrival of the pulse (i.e., during the substorm growth phase), changing in a time-dependent manner into a dipole field in the wake of the pulse. The particle motion still conserves the first adiabatic invariant, even in the stretched B field, and both protons and electrons are convected earthward by the E x B drift to regions of higher field, undergoing betatron acceleration. As in the previous model, we find fully analytical solutions for the gyrocenter motion of the 90degrees pitch angle particles, and we use them to compute the injected particle flux. We discuss how the model can explain several injection features such as the low/high energy cutoffs, and finally we apply the solutions to a simulation of an actual injection event, obtaining good agreement with observations. The current results with the more realistic background field show significant increase in particle flux for "substorm energies'' ( tens to hundreds of keVs) compared with the case of a dipole background, leading to the conclusion that the particles have to arrive from closer to Earth than before in order to explain the observed injected flux levels. The new model provides a better fit to observations than the previous one, since it requires lower transient E fields ( more realistic of a typical substorm), and thus better explains the ubiquity of particle injections associated with substorms. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM szaharia@lanl.gov RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 23 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A10 AR A10211 DI 10.1029/2004JA010464 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 867YL UT WOS:000224878800002 ER PT J AU Nikiforov, A Svetlova, M Solovjeva, L Sasina, L Siino, J Nazarov, I Bradbury, M Tomilin, N AF Nikiforov, A Svetlova, M Solovjeva, L Sasina, L Siino, J Nazarov, I Bradbury, M Tomilin, N TI DNA damage-induced accumulation of Rad18 protein at stalled replication forks in mammalian cells involves upstream protein phosphorylation SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE DNA lesion bypass; methyl methanesulfonate; human Rad18 protein; insolubilization ID DEFECTIVE POSTREPLICATION REPAIR; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; POLYMERASE-ETA; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ATR; CHECKPOINT; UBIQUITIN; REQUIREMENT; KINASE AB Rad18 protein is required for mono-ubiquitination of PCNA and trans-lesion synthesis during DNA lesion bypass in eukaryotic cells but it remains unknown how it is activated after DNA damage. We expressed GFP-tagged human (h)Rad18 in Chinese hamster cells and found that it can be completely extracted from undamaged nuclei by Triton X-100 and methanol. However, several hours after treatment with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) Triton-insoluble form of GFP-hRad18 accumulates in S-phase nuclei where it colocalizes with PCNA. This accumulation is suppressed by inhibitors of protein kinases staurosporine and wortmannin but is not effected by roscovitine. We also found that methyl methanesulfonate induces phosphorylation of Ser-317 in protein kinase Chk1 and Ser-139 in histone H2AX and stimulates formation of single-stranded DNA at replication foci. Together, our results suggest that MMS-induced accumulation of hRad18 protein at stalled forks involves protein phosphorylation which may be performed by S-phase checkpoint kinases. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tomilin, N (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, Tikchoretskii Av 4, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. EM nvtom@hotmail.com RI Nikiforov, Andrey/B-6643-2012 OI Nikiforov, Andrey/0000-0002-5009-6130 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 323 IS 3 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.165 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 858ZT UT WOS:000224232100017 PM 15381075 ER PT J AU Korth, A Franz, M Zong, QG Fritz, TA Sauvaud, JA Reme, H Dandouras, I Friedel, R Mouikis, CG Kistler, LM Mobius, E Marcucci, MF Wilber, M Parks, G Keiling, A Lundin, R Daly, PW AF Korth, A Franz, M Zong, QG Fritz, TA Sauvaud, JA Reme, H Dandouras, I Friedel, R Mouikis, CG Kistler, LM Mobius, E Marcucci, MF Wilber, M Parks, G Keiling, A Lundin, R Daly, PW TI Ion injections at auroral latitude during the March 31, 2001 magnetic storm observed by Cluster SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA SHEET AB We present here simultaneous H+ and O+ ion dispersion signatures observed by three Cluster spacecraft above the northern auroral zone. These observations occur during strong geomagnetic activity (K-p = 9) and are consistent with a time-of-flight (TOF) dispersion of the ions. Using the TOF dispersion of H+ and O+ and bouncing properties of H+, we show that the ions originate from a distant source located near 80 Re down tail. Our results show that the magnetotail is topographically stable to support multiple bouncing of H+ ions during a storm period. Furthermore these results could suggest that the plasmasheet H+ and O+ ions have been accelerated to the same velocity in the vicinity of a reconnection region. C1 Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Area Ric Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. RP Korth, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. EM korth@linmpi.mpg.de RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 20 AR L20806 DI 10.1029/2004GL020356 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 867XL UT WOS:000224876000001 ER PT J AU Harpham, MR Ladanyi, BM Levinger, NE Herwig, KW AF Harpham, MR Ladanyi, BM Levinger, NE Herwig, KW TI Water motion in reverse micelles studied by quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED CONFINED WATER; POLAR SOLVATION DYNAMICS; SOL-GEL GLASSES; LIQUID WATER; NANOPOROUS GLASSES; POROUS ALUMINA; SLOW DYNAMICS; RESTRICTED ENVIRONMENT; VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB Motion of water molecules in Aerosol OT [sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, AOT] reverse micelles with water content w(0) ranging from 1 to 5 has been explored both experimentally through quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The experiments were performed at the energy resolution of 85 mueV over the momentum transfer (Q) range of 0.36-2.53 Angstrom(-1) on samples in which the nonpolar phase (isooctane) and the AOT alkyl chains were deuterated, thereby suppressing their contribution to the QENS signal. QENS results were analyzed via a jump-diffusion/isotropic rotation model, which fits the results reasonably well despite the fact that confinement effects are not explicitly taken into account. This analysis indicates that in reverse micelles with low-water content (w(0)=1 and 2.5) translational diffusion rate is too slow to be detected, while for w(0)=5 the diffusion coefficient is much smaller than for bulk water. Rotational diffusion coefficients obtained from this analysis increase with w(0) and are smaller than for bulk water, but rotational mobility is less drastically reduced than translational mobility. Using the Faeder/Ladanyi model [J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 1033 (2000)] of reverse micelle interior, MD simulations were performed to calculate the self-intermediate scattering function F-S(Q,t) for water hydrogens. Comparison of the time Fourier transform of this F-S(Q,t) with the QENS dynamic structure factor S(Q,omega), shows good agreement between the model and experiment. Separate intermediate scattering functions F-S(R)(Q,t) and F-S(CM)(Q,t) were determined for rotational and translational motion. Consistent with the decoupling approximation used in the analysis of QENS data, the product of F-S(R)(Q,t) and F-S(CM)(Q,t) is a good approximation to the total F-S(Q,t). We find that the decay of F-S(CM)(Q,t) is nonexponential and our analysis of the MD data indicates that this behavior is due to lower water mobility close to the interface and to confinement-induced restrictions on the range of translational displacements. Rotational relaxation also exhibits nonexponential decay. However, rotational mobility of O-H bond vectors in the interfacial region remains fairly high due to the lower density of water-water hydrogen bonds in the vicinity of the interface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ladanyi, BM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Branka.Ladanyi@ColoState.edu; Nancy.Levinger@ColoState.edu RI Ladanyi, Branka/B-1484-2008; Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011 NR 82 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 16 BP 7855 EP 7868 DI 10.1063/1.1792592 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 861ZF UT WOS:000224456500038 PM 15485248 ER PT J AU Basagaoglu, H Green, CT Meakin, P McCoy, BJ AF Basagaoglu, H Green, CT Meakin, P McCoy, BJ TI Lattice-Boltzmann simulation of coalescence-driven island coarsening SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BUBBLY SUSPENSIONS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; MODEL; FILMS; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; AGGREGATION AB A two-dimensional lattice-Boltzmann model (LBM) with fluid-fluid interactions was used to simulate first-order phase separation in a thin fluid film. The intermediate asymptotic time dependence of the mean island size, island number concentration, and polydispersity were determined and compared with the predictions of the distribution-kinetics model. The comparison revealed that the combined effects of growth, coalescence, and Ostwald ripening control the phase transition process in the LBM simulations. However, the overall process is dominated by coalescence, which is independent of island mass. As the phase transition advances, the mean island size increases, the number of islands decrease, and the polydispersity approaches unity, which conforms to the predictions of the distribution-kinetics model. The effects of the domain size on the intermediate asymptotic island size distribution, scaling form of the island size distribution, and the crossover to the long-term asymptotic behavior were elucidated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Basagaoglu, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 16 BP 7987 EP 7995 DI 10.1063/1.1804158 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 861ZF UT WOS:000224456500051 PM 15485261 ER PT J AU Kraack, H Ocko, BM Pershan, PS Tamam, L Deutsch, M AF Kraack, H Ocko, BM Pershan, PS Tamam, L Deutsch, M TI Temperature dependence of the structure of Langmuir films of normal-alkanes on liquid mercury SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MONOLAYERS; SURFACE; METAL; WATER; SCATTERING; MICROSCOPY AB The temperature dependent phase behavior of Langmuir films of n-alkanes [CH3(CH2)(n-2)CH3, denote Cn] on mercury was studied for chain lengths 19less than or equal tonless than or equal to22 and temperatures 15less than or equal toTless than or equal to44 degreesC, using surface tensiometry and surface x-ray diffraction methods. In contrast with Langmuir films on water, where molecules invariably orient roughly surface normal, alkanes on mercury are always oriented surface parallel and show no long-range in-plane order at any surface pressure. A gas and several condensed phases of single, double, and triple layers of lying-down molecules are found, depending on n and T. At high coverages, the alkanes studied here show transitions from a triple to a double to a single layer with increasing temperature. The transition temperature from a double to a single layer is found to be similar to5 degreesC, lower than the bulk rotator-to-liquid melting temperature, while the transition from a triple to a double layer is about as much below the double-to-single layer transition. Both monolayer and bulk transition temperatures show a linear increase with n with identical slopes of similar to4.5 degreesC/CH2 within the range of n values addressed here. It is suggested that the film and bulk transitions are both driven by a common cause: the proliferation of gauche defects in the chain with increasing temperature.(C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Deutsch, M (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM deutsch@mail.biu.ac.il NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 16 BP 8003 EP 8009 DI 10.1063/1.1799993 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 861ZF UT WOS:000224456500053 PM 15485263 ER PT J AU Mielke, SP Fink, WH Krishnan, VV Gronbech-Jensen, N Benham, CJ AF Mielke, SP Fink, WH Krishnan, VV Gronbech-Jensen, N Benham, CJ TI Transcription-driven twin supercoiling of a DNA loop: A Brownian dynamics study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIMULATION; MOLECULES; TRANSITION; ENERGETICS; DIFFUSION; POLYMERS; PROTEINS; ROTATION AB The torque generated by RNA polymerase as it tracks along double-stranded DNA can potentially induce long-range structural deformations integral to mechanisms of biological significance in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic computer model for investigating this phenomenon. Duplex DNA is represented as a chain of hydrodynamic beads interacting through potentials of linearly elastic stretching, bending, and twisting, as well as excluded volume. The chain, linear when relaxed, is looped to form two open but topologically constrained subdomains. This permits the dynamic introduction of torsional stress via a centrally applied torque. We simulate by Brownian dynamics the 100 mus response of a 477-base pair B-DNA template to the localized torque generated by the prokaryotic transcription ensemble. Following a sharp rise at early times, the distributed twist assumes a nearly constant value in both subdomains, and a succession of supercoiling deformations occurs as superhelical stress is increasingly partitioned to writhe. The magnitude of writhe surpasses that of twist before also leveling off when the structure reaches mechanical equilibrium with the torsional load. Superhelicity is simultaneously right handed in one subdomain and left handed in the other, as predicted by the "transcription-induced twin-supercoiled-domain" model [L. F. Liu and J. C. Wang, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 7024 (1987)]. The properties of the chain at the onset of writhing agree well with predictions from theory, and the generated stress is ample for driving secondary structural transitions in physiological DNA. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol Biophys Grp, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program L448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mielke, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM smielke@lifshitz.ucdavis.edu RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010; Benham, Craig/G-1512-2013 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 16 BP 8104 EP 8112 DI 10.1063/1.1799613 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 861ZF UT WOS:000224456500064 PM 15485274 ER PT J AU Kalyuzhnyi, YV McCabe, C Whitebay, E Cummings, PT AF Kalyuzhnyi, YV McCabe, C Whitebay, E Cummings, PT TI Equation of state and liquid-vapor equilibria of one- and two-Yukawa hard-sphere chain fluids: Theory and simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAFT-VR APPROACH; PRESSURE PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; STICKY 2-POINT MODEL; CHEMICAL ASSOCIATION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; PRIMITIVE MODELS; BINARY-MIXTURES; N-ALKANES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AB The accuracy of several theories for the thermodynamic properties of the Yukawa hard-sphere chain fluid are studied. In particular, we consider the polymer mean spherical approximation (PMSA), the dimer version of thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPTD), and the statistical associating fluid theory for potentials of variable attractive range (SAFT-VR). Since the original version of SAFT-VR for Yukawa fluids is restricted to the case of one-Yukawa tail, we have extended SAFT-VR to treat chain fluids with two-Yukawa tails. The predictions of these theories are compared with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation data for the pressure and phase behavior of the chain fluid of different length with one- and two-Yukawa tails. We find that overall the PMSA and TPTD give more accurate predictions than SAFT-VR, and that the PMSA is slightly more accurate than TPTD. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Condensed Matter Phys, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kalyuzhnyi, YV (reprint author), Inst Condensed Matter Phys, Svientsitskoho 1, UA-79011 Lvov, Ukraine. EM c.mccabe@vanderbilt.edu RI McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 16 BP 8128 EP 8137 DI 10.1063/1.1798054 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 861ZF UT WOS:000224456500067 PM 15485277 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Adsorption isotherms of the fullerenes C-60 and C-70 on a tetraphenylporphyrin-bonded silica SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE preparative chromatography; adsorption isotherms; frontal analysis; band profiles; affinity energy distribution; stationary phases; LC; mathematical modelling; buckminsterfullerenes; fullerenes; tetraphenylporphyrin; methylnaphthalene; toluene ID BAND; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROPAGATION; SEPARATION; SIMULATION AB The single-component adsorption isotherms of the C-60 (from 0 to 15 g/L) and C-70 (from 0 to 8 g/L) buckminsterfullerenes on a tetraphenylporphyrin-bonded silica were acquired by frontal analysis, using a solution of toluene-1-methylnaphthalene (40:60, v/v) as the mobile phase. The best isotherm model derived from the fitting of these adsorption data was the bi-Langmuir model, a choice supported by the bimodal affinity energy distribution (AED) obtained for C-60. The isotherm parameters derived from the inverse method (IM) of isotherm determination (by fitting calculated profiles to experimental overloaded band profiles of C-60 and C-70) are in very good agreement with those derived from the FA data. According to the isotherm parameters found by these three methods (FA, AED, IM), the tetraphenylporphyrin-bonded silica can adsorb 54 and 42 mmol/L of C-60 and C-70 fullerenes, respectively, a result that is consistent with the relative molecular size of these two compounds. The 20% lower surface accessibility for C-70 is compensated by a three times higher equilibrium constant on the low-energy sites, giving a selectivity alpha(C70/C60) = 3.6. Large volumes (0.2, 0.8 and 1.7 mL) of mixtures of C-60 (3.2 g/L) and C-70 (1.3 g/L) were injected and their elution profiles compared to those calculated from the competitive bi-Langmuir model derived from the single-component isotherm data. A good agreement is obtained between calculated and experimental profiles, which supports the two-site adsorption mechanism derived from the single-component adsorption data. The measurements of the influence of the pressure on the retention of C-60 and C-70 demonstrate that the partial molar volumes of the two buckminsterfullerenes are 12 mL/mol larger in the stationary than in the mobile phase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 415 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 1053 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.068 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 864XZ UT WOS:000224667900009 PM 15543972 ER PT J AU Hilder, EF Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Hilder, EF Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI Latex-functionalized monolithic columns for the separation of carbohydrates by micro anion-exchange chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE monolithic columns; stationary phases; LC; carbohydrates; latex ID POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS; PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; PHASE; CHANNELS; CHIP; MASS AB A novel stationary phase for micro ion chromatography has been prepared by coating a porous poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) monolith with quaternary amine-functionalized latex particles via simple electrostatic binding. This stationary phase enabled the separation of saccharides in the mobile phase with a high-pH value consisting of aqueous ammonia solution in anion-exchange mode using evaporative light scattering for detection. Effects of both porous properties of the monolithic stationary phase and chromatographic conditions on the separation ability were studied. Under optimized conditions, an efficient separation of seven saccharides was achieved in less than 10 min. The stationary phase also enables the separation of saccharides obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn starch. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Svec, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM svec@berkeley.edu RI Hilder, Emily/A-1001-2009; OI Hilder, Emily/0000-0002-4444-7870; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 22 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 1053 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.125 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 864XZ UT WOS:000224667900013 PM 15543976 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Li, HW Yeung, ES AF Lee, JY Li, HW Yeung, ES TI Single-molecule spectroscopy for molecular identification in capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE single-molecule detection; DNA; dyes ID RADIAL MIGRATION; INFECTION AB The electrophoretic mobilities of individual DNA molecules were determined by using fluorescence imaging. The average mobility agreed well with that obtained in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) did not decrease in the presence of up to 8% plasma or 8% raw blood. Single-molecule detection was still possible in the presence of 50% raw blood. Single-molecule CE of two differently labeled molecules was carried out in the presence of a transmission grating. Even when the mobility difference is not sufficient because of low S/N, identification using different fluorescence wavelengths can be performed at >99% accuracy. So, when small differences in DNA sequence due to disease or mutation can lead to hybridization to labels with different dyes, the screening of the mutated DNA will be facilitated by online spectroscopy in addition to the electrophoretic information from CE. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov OI Li, Hung Wing/0000-0003-4840-1965 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 1053 IS 1-2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.118 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 864XZ UT WOS:000224667900020 PM 15543983 ER PT J AU Auzinsh, M Budker, D Kimball, DF Rochester, SM Stalnaker, JE Sushkov, AO Yashchuk, VV AF Auzinsh, M Budker, D Kimball, DF Rochester, SM Stalnaker, JE Sushkov, AO Yashchuk, VV TI Can a quantum nondemolition measurement improve the sensitivity of an atomic magnetometer? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We consider the limitations due to noise (e.g., quantum projection noise and photon shot-noise) on the sensitivity of an idealized atomic magnetometer that utilizes spin squeezing induced by a continuous quantum nondemolition measurement. Such a magnetometer measures spin precession of N atomic spins by detecting optical rotation of far-detuned light. We show that for very short measurement times, the optimal sensitivity scales as N-3/4; if strongly squeezed probe light is used, the Heisenberg limit of N-1 scaling can be achieved. However, if the measurement time exceeds tau(rel)/N-1/2 in the former case, or tau(rel)/N in the latter, where tau(rel) is the spin relaxation time, the scaling becomes N-1/2, as for a standard shot-noise-limited magnetometer. C1 Latvian State Univ, Dept Phys, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Auzinsh, M (reprint author), Latvian State Univ, Dept Phys, 19 Rainis Blvd, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia. EM budker@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 11 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 173002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.173002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700022 PM 15525071 ER PT J AU Beacom, JF Vagins, MR AF Beacom, JF Vagins, MR TI Antineutrino spectroscopy with large water Cerenkov detectors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS; SOLAR NEUTRINOS; SUPERNOVA; OSCILLATION; GADOLINIUM AB We propose modifying large water Cerenkov detectors by the addition of 0.2% gadolinium trichloride, which is highly soluble, newly inexpensive, and transparent in solution. Since Gd has an enormous cross section for radiative neutron capture, with SigmaE(gamma)=8 MeV, this would make neutrons visible for the first time in such detectors, allowing antineutrino tagging by the coincidence detection reaction (ν) over bar (e)+p-->e(+)+n (similarly for (ν) over bar (mu)). Taking Super-Kamiokande as a working example, dramatic consequences for reactor neutrino measurements, first observation of the diffuse supernova neutrino background, galactic supernova detection, and other topics are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Beacom, JF (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Beacom, John/0000-0002-0005-2631 NR 32 TC 173 Z9 173 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 171101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.171101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700014 PM 15525063 ER PT J AU Chapon, LC Blake, GR Gutmann, MJ Park, S Hur, N Radaelli, PG Cheong, SW AF Chapon, LC Blake, GR Gutmann, MJ Park, S Hur, N Radaelli, PG Cheong, SW TI Structural anomalies and multiferroic behavior in magnetically frustrated TbMn2O5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ERMN2O5; LATTICE; YMN2O5 AB We have studied the magnetostructural phase diagram of multiferroic TbMn2O5 as a function of temperature and magnetic field by neutron diffraction. Dielectric and magnetic anomalies are found to be associated with steps in the magnetic propagation vector, including a rare example of a commensurate-incommensurate transition on cooling below 24 K, and in the structural parameters. The geometrically frustrated magnetic structure is stabilized by "canted antiferroelectric" displacements of the Mn3+ ions, an example of the magnetic Jahn-Teller effect. The Tb moments order ferromagnetically at low temperatures in an applied field, while the Mn magnetic structure is largely unchanged. C1 Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Chapon, LC (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, CCLRC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Radaelli, Paolo/C-2952-2011; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013 OI Radaelli, Paolo/0000-0002-6717-035X; NR 17 TC 229 Z9 231 U1 6 U2 63 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 177402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.177402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700076 PM 15525125 ER PT J AU Cooper, F Liu, MX Nayak, GC AF Cooper, F Liu, MX Nayak, GC TI J/Psi production in pp collisions at root s=200 GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLOR-OCTET CONTRIBUTIONS; FIXED TARGET ENERGIES; FERMILAB-TEVATRON; J-PSI; QUARKONIUM; FRAGMENTATION; PLASMA; HADROPRODUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTION; SUPPRESSION AB We study J/psi production in pp collisions at BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) within the PHENIX detector acceptance range using the color singlet and color octet mechanism which are based on perturbative QCD and nonrelativistic QCD. Here we show that the color octet mechanism reproduces the RHIC data for J/psi production in pp collisions with respect to the p(T) distribution, the rapidity distribution, and the total cross section at roots=200 GeV. The color singlet mechanism leads to a relatively small contribution to the total cross section when compared to the octet contribution. C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Cooper, F (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM fcooper@nsf.gov; mliu@lanl.gov; nayak@insti.physics.sunysb.edu NR 34 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 171801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.171801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700018 PM 15525067 ER PT J AU Lopez, R Feldman, LC Haglund, RF AF Lopez, R Feldman, LC Haglund, RF TI Size-dependent optical properties of VO2 nanoparticle arrays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; PHASE-TRANSITION; THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR; LIGHT; EXTINCTION; SPECTRA AB The size effects on the optical properties of vanadium dioxide nanoparticles in ordered arrays have been studied. Contrary to previous VO2 studies, we observe that the optical contrast between the semiconducting and metallic phases is dramatically enhanced in the visible region, presenting size-dependent optical resonances and size-dependent transition temperatures. The collective optical response as a function of temperature presents an enhanced scattering state during the evolving phase transition. The effects appear to arise because of the underlying VO2 mesoscale optical properties, the heterogeneous nucleation behind the phase transition, and the incoherent coupling between the nanoparticles undergoing an order-disorder-order transition. Calculations that support these interpretations are presented. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lopez, R (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM rene.lopez@vanderbilt.edu RI Lopez, Rene/G-3734-2014 OI Lopez, Rene/0000-0001-6274-066X NR 24 TC 126 Z9 131 U1 12 U2 117 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 177403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.177403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700077 PM 15525126 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, P Zunger, A Sarma, DD AF Mahadevan, P Zunger, A Sarma, DD TI Unusual directional dependence of exchange energies in GaAs diluted with Mn: Is the RKKY description relevant? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SR2FEMOO6; (GA,MN)AS; FORMALISM; SPECTRA AB Ferromagnetism in Mn-doped GaAs, the prototypical dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS), has so far been attributed to hole mediated RKKY-type interactions. First-principles calculations reveal a strong direction dependence of the ferromagnetic (FM) stabilization energy for Mn pairs, a dependence that cannot be explained within RKKY. In the limit of a hostlike hole engineered here where the RKKY model is applicable, the exchange energies are strongly reduced, suggesting that this limit cannot explain the observed ferromagnetism. The dominant contribution stabilizing the FM state is found to be maximal for <110>-oriented Mn pairs and minimal for <100>-oriented Mn pairs, providing an alternate explanation for magnetism in such materials in terms of energy lowering due to p-d hopping interactions, and offering a new design degree of freedom to enhance FM. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Inst Sci, Solid State & Struct Chem Unit, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Mahadevan, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Sarma, D. D./B-2576-2010; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Sarma, D. D./0000-0001-6433-1069; NR 22 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 177201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.177201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700069 PM 15525118 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO TI Noise at the crossover from Wigner liquid to Wigner glass SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1-F NOISE; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; ORIENTATIONAL ORDER; ELECTRON GLASS; FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSITION AB Using a simple classical model for interacting electrons in two dimensions with random disorder, we show that a crossover from a Wigner liquid to a Wigner glass occurs as a function of charge density. The noise power increases strongly at the crossover and the characteristics of the 1/f(alpha) noise change. When the temperature is increased, the noise power decreases. We compare these results with recent noise measurements in systems with two-dimensional metal-insulator transitions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 176405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.176405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700048 PM 15525097 ER PT J AU Senter, RA Pantea, C Wang, YJ Liu, HZ Zerda, TW Coffer, JL AF Senter, RA Pantea, C Wang, YJ Liu, HZ Zerda, TW Coffer, JL TI Structural influence of erbium centers on silicon nanocrystal phase transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; SI; DEPENDENCE; GERMANIUM; TRANSFORMATIONS; SURFACE; GAP AB Two different types of erbium-doped silicon nanocrystals, along with undoped, oxide-capped Si dots, are employed to probe the impact of the impurity center location on phase transition pressure. Using a combination of high pressure optical absorption, micro-Raman, and x-ray diffraction measurements in a diamond anvil cell, it is demonstrated that the magnitude of this phase transition elevation is strongly dictated by the average spatial location of impurity centers introduced into the nanocrystal along with the interfacial quality of the surrounding oxide. C1 Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Senter, RA (reprint author), Texas Christian Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RI Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; Liu, Haozhe/E-6169-2011; Coffer, Jeffery/G-5686-2011; OI Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 175502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.175502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700039 PM 15525088 ER PT J AU Shadwick, BA Tarkenton, GM Esarey, EH AF Shadwick, BA Tarkenton, GM Esarey, EH TI Hamiltonian description of low-temperature relativistic plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZED PLASMA; FLUID DESCRIPTION; ELECTRON-BEAMS AB We develop a low-temperature fluidlike plasma model without recourse to a collisional closure. The equations are closed by treating the momentum spread asymptotically. This model inherits the Hamiltonian structure, including Casimir invariants of the Vlasov-Maxwell theory. We study temperature evolution in the wake of an intense laser pulse propagating in a plasma. We show that the momentum spread is intrinsically anisotropic and that, for conditions corresponding to recent experiments, modest heating occurs. C1 Inst Adv Phys, Conifer, CO 80433 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shadwick, BA (reprint author), Inst Adv Phys, Suite 199,10875 US Hwy 285, Conifer, CO 80433 USA. EM BAShadwick@IAPhysics.org NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 175002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.175002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700035 PM 15525084 ER PT J AU Varga, K Zhang, ZY Pantelides, ST AF Varga, K Zhang, ZY Pantelides, ST TI "Lagrange functions": A family of powerful basis sets for real-space order-N electronic structure calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SYSTEMS; MESHES AB Plane waves have unparalleled simplicity and systematic convergence by a single monotonic parameter, the energy cutoff, but they are limited to speriodic systems and require Fourier transforms that scale as N(2)logN, where N is the number of atoms. Real-space methods for order-N scaling are computationally complex and convergence depends on several variables. Here we introduce and demonstrate "Lagrange functions" as a family of analytical, complete, and orthonormal basis sets that are suitable for efficient, accurate, real-space, order-N electronic structure calculations. Convergence is controlled by a single monotonic parameter, the dimension of the basis set, and computational complexity is lower than that of plane waves. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Varga, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 176403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.176403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700046 PM 15525095 ER PT J AU Vockenhuber, C Oberli, F Bichler, M Ahmad, I Quitte, G Meier, M Halliday, AN Lee, DC Kutschera, W Steier, P Gehrke, RJ Helmer, RG AF Vockenhuber, C Oberli, F Bichler, M Ahmad, I Quitte, G Meier, M Halliday, AN Lee, DC Kutschera, W Steier, P Gehrke, RJ Helmer, RG TI New half-life measurement of Hf-182: Improved chronometer for the early solar system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARLY CORE FORMATION; HF-W CHRONOMETRY; TERRESTRIAL ACCRETION; ORIGIN; ASTEROIDS; TUNGSTEN; ISOTOPE; MOON; DIFFERENTIATION; METEORITES AB The decay of Hf-182, now extinct, into stable W-182 has developed into an important chronometer for studying early solar system processes such as the accretion and differentiation of planetesimals and the formation of the Earth and the Moon. The only Hf-182 half-life measurements available were performed 40 years ago and resulted in an imprecise half-life of (9 +/- 2) x 10(6) yr. We redetermined the half-life by measuring the specific activity of 182Hf based on two independent methods, resulting in a value of t(1/2) (Hf-182) = (8.90 +/- 0.09) x 10(6) yr, in good agreement with the previous value, but with a 20 times smaller uncertainty. The greatly improved precision of this half-life now permits very precise intercalibration of the Hf-182 -W-182 isotopic system with other chronometers. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, VERA, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. ETH Zentrum, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Osterreich Univ, Atominst, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Earth Sci, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Vockenhuber, C (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, VERA, Wahringer Str 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM christof.vockenhuber@univie.ac.at RI Quitte, Ghylaine/N-8888-2013; Lee, Der-Chuen/N-9225-2013 NR 29 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 172501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.172501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700019 PM 15525068 ER PT J AU Wang, SC Yang, HB Sekharan, AKP Souma, S Matsui, H Sato, T Takahashi, T Lu, CX Zhang, JD Jin, R Mandrus, D Plummer, EW Wang, Z Ding, H AF Wang, SC Yang, HB Sekharan, AKP Souma, S Matsui, H Sato, T Takahashi, T Lu, CX Zhang, JD Jin, R Mandrus, D Plummer, EW Wang, Z Ding, H TI Fermi surface topology of Ca1.5Sr0.5RuO4 determined by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; MOTT TRANSITION; LAYERED PEROVSKITE; CA2-XSR(X)RUO4; RECONSTRUCTION; CA2-XSRXRUO4 AB We report angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy results of the Fermi surface of Ca1.5Sr0.5RuO4, which is at the boundary of magnetic/orbital instability in the phase diagram of the Ca-substituted Sr ruthenates. Three t(2g) energy bands and the corresponding Fermi surface sheets are observed, which are also present in the Ca-free Sr2RuO4. We find that while the Fermi surface topology of the alpha,beta (d(yz,zx)) sheets remains almost the same in these two materials, the gamma (d(xy)) sheet exhibits a holelike Fermi surface in Ca1.5Sr0.5RuO4 in contrast to being electronlike in Sr2RuO4. Our observation of all three volume conserving Fermi surface sheets clearly demonstrates the absence of orbital-selective Mott transition, which was proposed theoretically to explain the unusual transport and magnetic properties in Ca1.5Sr0.5RuO4. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, SC (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Sato, Takafumi/E-5094-2010; souma, seigo/A-4858-2010; Wang, Shancai/F-6162-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; OI Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 17 AR 177007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.177007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 864WC UT WOS:000224662700068 PM 15525117 ER PT J AU Bragg, AE Verlet, JRR Kammrath, A Cheshnovsky, O Neumark, DM AF Bragg, AE Verlet, JRR Kammrath, A Cheshnovsky, O Neumark, DM TI Hydrated electron dynamics: From clusters to bulk SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHARGED WATER CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVATED ELECTRON; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; SURFACE; ANIONS; STATE AB The electronic relaxation dynamics of size-selected (H2O)(n)(-)/(D2O)(n)(-)[25less than or equal tonless than or equal to50] clusters have been studied with time-resolved photoelectron imaging. The excess electron (e(c)(-)) was excited through the e(c)(-)(p)<--e(c)(-)(s) transition with an ultrafast laser pulse, with subsequent evolution of the excited state monitored with photodetachment and photoelectron imaging. All clusters exhibited p-state population decay with concomitant s-state repopulation (internal conversion) on time scales ranging from 180 to 130 femtoseconds for (H2O)n- and 400 to 225 femtoseconds for (D2O)(n)(-); the lifetimes decrease with increasing cluster sizes. Our results support the "nonadiabatic relaxation" mechanism for the bulk hydrated electron (e(aq)(-)), which invokes a 50-femtosecond e(aq)(-) (p)-->e(aq)(-) (s(dagger)) internal conversion lifetime. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dan@radon.cchem.berketey.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Verlet, Jan/G-5940-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Verlet, Jan/0000-0002-9480-432X NR 29 TC 195 Z9 197 U1 9 U2 71 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5696 BP 669 EP 671 DI 10.1126/science.1103527 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 866EN UT WOS:000224756700046 PM 15375222 ER PT J AU Kemner, KM Kelly, SD Lai, B Maser, J O'Loughlin, EJ Sholto-Douglas, D Cai, ZH Schneegurt, MA Kulpa, CF Nealson, KH AF Kemner, KM Kelly, SD Lai, B Maser, J O'Loughlin, EJ Sholto-Douglas, D Cai, ZH Schneegurt, MA Kulpa, CF Nealson, KH TI Elemental and redox analysis of single bacterial cells by X-ray microbeam analysis SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; ZONE PLATES; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES; BIOFILMS; ALGINATE; CALCIUM; PUTIDA; IONS AB High-energy x-ray fluorescence measurements were used to make elemental maps and qualitative chemical analyses of individual Pseudomonas fluorescens strain NCIMB 11764 cells. Marked differences between planktonic and adhered cells were seen in the morphology, elemental composition, and sensitivity to Cr(VI) of hydrated cells at spatial scales of 150 nm. This technology can be applied to natural geomicrobiological systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Wichita State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kemner@anl.gov RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529; NR 18 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 22 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5696 BP 686 EP 687 DI 10.1126/science.1103524 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 866EN UT WOS:000224756700051 PM 15499017 ER PT J AU Gascard, P Parra, MK Zhao, ZY Calinisan, VR Nunomura, W Rivkees, SA Mohandas, N Conboy, JG AF Gascard, P Parra, MK Zhao, ZY Calinisan, VR Nunomura, W Rivkees, SA Mohandas, N Conboy, JG TI Putative tumor suppressor protein 4.1B is differentially expressed in kidney and brain via alternative promoters and 5 ' alternative splicing SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE protein 4.1B; alternative promoter; alternative pre-mRNA splicing; tumor suppressor ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; MULTIFUNCTIONAL PROTEIN; NONERYTHROID CELLS; LUNG-CANCER; RAT-BRAIN; LOCALIZATION; FAMILY; MEMBER; TISSUE AB Protein 4.1B has been reported as a tumor suppressor in brain, but not in kidney, despite high expression in both tissues. Here we demonstrate that N-terminal variability in kidney and brain 4.1B isoforms arises through an unusual coupling of RNA processing events in the 5' region of the gene. We describe two transcriptional promoters at far upstream alternative exons 1A and 1B, and show that their respective transcripts splice differentially to exon 2'/2 in a manner that determines mRNA coding capacity. The consequence of this unique processing is that exon 1B transcripts initiate translation at AUG1 (in exon 2') and encode larger 4.1B isoforms with an N-terminal extension; exon 1A transcripts initiate translation at AUG2 (in exon 4) and encode smaller 4.1B isoforms. Tissue-specific differences in promoter utilization may thus explain the abundance of larger 4.1B isoforms in brain but not in kidney. In cell studies, differentiation of PC12 cells was accompanied by translocation of large protein 4.1B isoforms into the nucleus. We propose that first exon specification is coupled to downstream splicing events, generating 4.1B isoforms with diverse roles in kidney and brain physiology, and potentially unique functions in cell proliferation and tumor suppression. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Dept Biochem, Tokyo 1621666, Japan. New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Grp, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Conboy, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 74-157, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGConboy@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58442]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094, DK56355] NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 1680 IS 2 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2004.08.006 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 864WU UT WOS:000224664500002 PM 15488987 ER PT J AU Rodgers, RP Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Rodgers, RP Reilly, PTA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Real-time observation of metastable polymeric species formed from precursor soot SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB Micrometer-sized precursor soot particles were formed by pyrolysis of pure atmospheric-pressure acetylene in a flow tube reactor. Real-time analysis of both the gas and particle phases of the reactor effluent was performed with an ion trap-based aerosol mass spectrometer. Off-line analyses were also performed on the filter-collected reactor effluent. The real-time particle mass spectra revealed the presence of a polymeric mass distribution starting near 1000 Da and continuing to greater than 1750 Da. The spacing between the polymer peaks is approximately 70 Da. Comparison of real-time and off-line analyses reveals the metastable nature of the polymer-like high mass species. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Laser Spect & Microinstrumentat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reilly, PTA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Laser Spect & Microinstrumentat Grp, POB 2008,MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reillypt@ornl.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 397 IS 4-6 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.126 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 863DN UT WOS:000224541000008 ER PT J AU Guthrie, M Tulk, CA Benmore, CJ Klug, DD AF Guthrie, M Tulk, CA Benmore, CJ Klug, DD TI A structural study of very high-density amorphous ice SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER; DIFFRACTION AB Neutron and X-ray structure factor functions of very high-density amorphous (VHDA) ice have been measured and compared with those of the high- and low-density amorphous forms. The principal peak in the VHDA structure factor is sharper than that observed in the HDA ice form. Radial distribution functions (rdfs) indicate the local O...O separation is 2.83 Angstrom, close to 2.85 Angstrom estimated from earlier Raman measurements, but larger than that observed by empirical potential structure refinement simulation of neutron data. Perhaps more importantly the rdfs indicate a greater extent of ordering in VHDA ice, with observable coordination shells extending to at least 20 Angstrom. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K0A 0R6, Canada. RP Tulk, CA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tulkca@ornl.gov RI Guthrie, Malcolm/K-3099-2012; Tulk, Chris/R-6088-2016; OI Tulk, Chris/0000-0003-3400-3878; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 397 IS 4-6 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.116 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 863DN UT WOS:000224541000010 ER PT J AU Xie, J Gok, R Ni, J Aoki, Y AF Xie, J Gok, R Ni, J Aoki, Y TI Lateral variations of crustal seismic attenuation along the INDEPTH profiles in Tibet from Lg Q inversion SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE Lg Q; crustal attenuation; Tibet; Lg blockage; crustal melting ID MULTIPHASE SURFACE-WAVES; BENEATH SOUTHERN TIBET; UPPER-MANTLE; RANGE PROVINCE; MIDDLE CRUST; PARTIAL MELT; PLATEAU; PROPAGATION; CODA; SUBDUCTION AB [ 1] Fourier spectra of crustal guided Lg waves are collected to study seismic attenuation, or Q, along the INDEPTH profiles. The 1 Hz Lg Q (Q(0)) values are measured between many pairs of two stations and input to a back projection algorithm to obtain laterally varying Q(0) models. Along the INDEPTH III profile in central Tibet, the Q0 model consists of low and nearly constant values of similar to 90. These low values are consistent with abnormally high temperature as well as partial melts in the crust. Along the INDEPTH II profile in southern Tibet the Q(0) values increase southward. They are extremely low ( similar to 60) over the northernmost segment but increase by a factor of 2 over a distance of similar to 100 km between the Indus-Yalong Suture and the Kangmar Dome. Farther south and into the high Himalayas, Q(0) values are higher than 300. Regional Rayleigh waves observed along the northern INDEPTH II profile are used to infer a low-velocity, low-Q layer at midcrustal depths ( between similar to 15 and 30 km) in southern Tibet. The aqueous fluid trapped in the upper crust and a midcrust partial melting zone, associated with the underthrusting of the Indian lithosphere, are the likely causes of the high Lg attenuation in southern Tibet. Low Q, rather then a systematic Lg conversion along a dipping Moho, is the main cause of the previously observed Lg blockage over paths crossing the southern Tibetan boundary. C1 Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci L206, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Xie, J (reprint author), Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM xie@ldeo.columbia.edu; gok1@llnl.gov; jni@nmsu.edu; yaoki@eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Gok, Rengin/O-6639-2014 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B10 AR B10308 DI 10.1029/2004JB002988 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 867YJ UT WOS:000224878500003 ER PT J AU Dang, LX AF Dang, LX TI Ions at the liquid/vapor interface of methanol SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VAPOR INTERFACE; WATER; MEMBRANES; BINDING AB We studied ions at the liquid/vapor interface of methanol using classical molecular dynamics techniques. Polarizable potential models were used to describe interactions among species. We characterized the transport mechanism of an iodide anion across the methanol interface. The computed potential of mean force showed a relatively small minimum well depth (i.e., -0.60 kcal/mol) located inside the Gibbs dividing surface. During the constrained mean force simulations, we found the iodide anion carrying some methanol molecules with it as it crossed the dividing interface. The computed density profiles of the salt NaI methanol interface indicated that the iodide anions were found nearer to the interface than the sodium cations, and no well-defined maxima were found for neither ion near the interface. By comparing this result with the corresponding result obtained from a simulation of the NaI saltwater interface, we can conclude that the probability of finding iodide anions at the liquid/vapor of water interface is significantly greater than at the methanol interface. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dang, LX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 42 BP 9014 EP 9017 DI 10.1021/jp0405052 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 863CU UT WOS:000224538900004 ER PT J AU Crowell, RA Lian, R Shkrob, IA Qian, J Oulianov, DA Pommeret, S AF Crowell, RA Lian, R Shkrob, IA Qian, J Oulianov, DA Pommeret, S TI Light-induced temperature jump causes power-dependent ultrafast kinetics of electrons generated in multiphoton ionization of liquid water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDRATED ELECTRON; GEMINATE RECOMBINATION; SOLVATED ELECTRONS; PREEXISTING TRAPS; TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; DISORDERED MEDIA; POLAR LIQUIDS; DYNAMICS; FEMTOSECOND; ALCOHOLS AB Picosecond geminate recombination kinetics for electrons generated by multiphoton ionization of liquid water become power dependent when the irradiance of the excitation light is greater than 0.3-0.5 TW/crn(2) (the terawatt regime). To elucidate the mechanism of this power dependence, tri- 400 nm photon ionization of water has been studied using pump-probe laser spectroscopy on the pico- and femtosecond time scale;. We suggest that the observed kinetic transformations are caused by a rapid temperature jump in the sample. Such a jump is inherent to multiphoton ionization in the terawatt regime, when the absorption of the pump light along the optical path becomes very nonuniform. The heating of water is substantial (tens of degreesC) because the 3-photon quantum yield of the ionization is relatively low, ca. 0.42, and a large fraction of the excitation energy is released into the solvent bulk as heat. Evidence of the temperature jump is the observation of a red shift in the absorption spectrum of (thermalized) electron and by characteristic "flattening" of the thermalization dynamics in the near-IR The temperature jump in the terawatt regime might be ubiquitous in multiphoton ionization of molecular liquids. The implications of these observations for femtosecond pulse radiolysis of water are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, DSM, DRECAM,SCM,URA 331, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Crowell, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rob_crowell@anl.gov; jqian@aps.anl.gov NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 42 BP 9105 EP 9114 DI 10.1021/jp048074a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 863CU UT WOS:000224538900015 ER PT J AU Holland, GP Cherry, BR Alam, TM AF Holland, GP Cherry, BR Alam, TM TI N-15 solid-state NMR characterization of ammonia adsorption environments in 3A zeolite molecular sieves SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE NMR; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TRAPDOR NMR; CRYSTALLINE ZEOLITES; QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; CROSS POLARIZATION; SYNTHETIC ZEOLITE; ROTATIONAL-ECHO; ACID SITES; MAS NMR AB The quantitative analysis of ammonia binding sites in 3A zeolite molecular sieves using solid-state N-15 MAS NMR spectroscopy is reported. By utilizing N-15-enriched ammonia ((NH3)-N-15) gas, the different adsorption/binding sites within the zeolite were characterized as a function of NH3 loading. Using N-15 MAS NMR, multiple sites were resolved that have distinct cross-polarization dynamics, relaxation, and chemical shift behavior. A combination of N-15/Na-23 and N-15/Al-27 TRAPDOR NMR methods was used to demonstrate significant dipolar coupling between adsorbed ammonia molecules and both Na cations and Al framework species in the zeolite cage. An estimate of the Na-23-N-15 and Al-27-N-15 distance was obtained from simulation of the TRAPDOR results. Two-dimensional H-1-->N-15 CP-MAS NMR exchange spectroscopy was implemented to probe dynamics between the two primary adsorbed ammonia environments. In the 3A zeolite, the observed exchange process between the ammonia sites does not display a significant temperature dependence, indicating a spin-diffusion mechanism. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biomol & Chem Anal, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holland, GP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biomol & Chem Anal, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gpholla@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 42 BP 16420 EP 16426 DI 10.1021/jp047884j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 863CW UT WOS:000224539100016 ER PT J AU Hurum, DC Gray, KA Rajh, T Thurnauer, MC AF Hurum, DC Gray, KA Rajh, T Thurnauer, MC TI Photoinitiated reactions of 2,4,6 TCP on Degussa P25 formulation TiO2: Wavelength-sensitive decomposition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; 4-CHLOROPHENOL; TRANSFORMATION; CHLOROPHENOLS; SUSPENSIONS; MECHANISM; RADICALS; KINETICS; 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL AB The photoinitiated oxidative reactions of 2,4,6 trichlorophenol (2,4,6 TCP) and 2,4,5 trichlorophenol (2,4,5 TCP) are studied on the titania photocatalyst Degussa P25. On this catalyst 2,4,6 TCP is used to confirm two distinct oxidative mechanisms that are triggered at different light-excitation wavelengths. A charge-transfer mechanism occurs at sub-bandgap energies of the photocatalyst leading to a phenoxyl radical product and an oxidative mechanism occurs at the bandgap leading to a semiquinone radical product. The wavelength dependence of these two mechanisms is discussed. C1 Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, Evanston, IL USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gray, KA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Inst Environm Catalysis, Evanston, IL USA. EM k-gray@northwestern.edu; MarionT@anl.gov RI Gray, Kimberly/B-6989-2009 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 42 BP 16483 EP 16487 DI 10.1021/jp047097m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 863CW UT WOS:000224539100024 ER PT J AU Cicero, G Galli, G Catellani, A AF Cicero, G Galli, G Catellani, A TI Interaction of water molecules with SiC(001) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; 1ST PRINCIPLES; X-2) SURFACE; RECONSTRUCTION; H2O; DYNAMICS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; SI(100)-(2X1); SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION AB We have investigated the interaction of water molecules with the polar Si- and C-terminated surfaces of cubic silicon carbide by means of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at finite temperature. Different water coverages were considered, from 1/4 to a complete monolayer. Irrespective of coverage, we find that water dissociates on the silicon-terminated surfaces, leading to important changes in both its structural and electronic properties. On the contrary, the carbon-terminated surface remains inert when exposed to water. We propose experiments to reveal the ionic and electronic structure of wet Si-terminated surfaces predicted by our calculations, which at full coverage are notably different from those of hydrated Si(001) substrates. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for SiC surface functionalization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. IMEM, CNR, I-43010 Parma, Italy. RP Cicero, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cicero1@1Inl.gov OI Catellani, Alessandra/0000-0001-5197-7186; Cicero, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2920-9882 NR 43 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 42 BP 16518 EP 16524 DI 10.1021/jp0471599 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 863CW UT WOS:000224539100029 ER PT J AU Nobrega, MA Zhu, YW Plajzer-Frick, I Afzal, V Rubin, EM AF Nobrega, MA Zhu, YW Plajzer-Frick, I Afzal, V Rubin, EM TI Megabase deletions of gene deserts result in viable mice SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENT IN-VIVO; HUMAN GENOME; DNA-SEQUENCE; EXPRESSION; INTERVAL; SKELETAL; ENHANCER; NUMBER AB The functional importance of the roughly 98% of mammalian genomes not corresponding to protein coding sequences remains largely undetermined(1). Here we show that some large-scale deletions of the non-coding DNA referred to as gene deserts(2-4) can be well tolerated by an organism. We deleted two large non-coding intervals, 1,511 kilobases and 845 kilobases in length, from the mouse genome. Viable mice homozygous for the deletions were generated and were indistinguishable from wildtype littermates with regard to morphology, reproductive fitness, growth, longevity and a variety of parameters assaying general homeostasis. Further detailed analysis of the expression of multiple genes bracketing the deletions revealed only minor expression differences in homozygous deletion and wild-type mice. Together, the two deleted segments harbour 1,243 non-coding sequences conserved between humans and rodents (more than 100 base pairs, 70% identity). Some of the deleted sequences might encode for functions unidentified in our screen; nonetheless, these studies further support the existence of potentially 'disposable DNA' in the genomes of mammals. C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM emrubin@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 116 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 431 IS 7011 BP 988 EP 993 DI 10.1038/nature03022 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 863TI UT WOS:000224585600045 PM 15496924 ER PT J AU Breccia, L Delchamps, SW Flori, I Farnielli, G Freeman, J Jaffrey, T Kinney, W Koska, W Limon, P Mishina, M Pauletta, G Strait, J Zucchelli, S AF Breccia, L Delchamps, SW Flori, I Farnielli, G Freeman, J Jaffrey, T Kinney, W Koska, W Limon, P Mishina, M Pauletta, G Strait, J Zucchelli, S TI Test of 2000 phototubes for the CDF endplug calorimeter upgrade SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE phototube; calorimeter; collider; high energy physics ID PLUG UPGRADE; ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; PRESHOWER DETECTOR; HADRON CALORIMETER; EM CALORIMETER; URANIUM AB Over 2000 photomultiplier tubes have been selected as the readout device of the upgrade CDF Endplug calorimeter, a scintillator tile sampling calorimeter with wave-shifter fiber readout. The specifications were set on various properties of the tubes for the electromagnetic and hadronic compartments and a series of rigorous tests were made on 2216 Hamamatsu R4125, 10-stage 19 mm diameter tubes with green-extended bialkali photocathode. On all of the test items, the distributions of the data were well clustered with minor tails, and the original specifications based on a small ensemble were well suited for rejecting the tails of the distributions. After rejecting 5.4% of the total, 960 tubes for electromagnetic and 864 tubes for hadronic compartments were allocated to projective towers based on their linear dynamic ranges. Tubes with greater linear ranges were assigned to larger pseudo-rapidity channels where greater single-tower energy deposits were expected. This paper describes how we selected the phototubes for our calorimeter and presents the results of the study we made. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. RP Mishina, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mishina@fnal.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 3 BP 575 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.05.122 PG 36 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 864UF UT WOS:000224657700007 ER PT J AU Lorusso, G Colonna, N Marrone, S Tagliente, G Heil, M Cano-Ott, D Mosconi, M Moreau, C Mengoni, A Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez- Pol, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Angelopoulos, A Assimakopoulos, P Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Benlliure, J Berthomieux, E Bisceglie, E Calvino, P Capote, R Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Coceva, C Cortes, G Cortina, D Couture, A Cox, J Dababneh, S Dahlfors, M Davids, S Dolfini, R Domingo-Pardo, C Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Frais-Koelbl, H Furman, WI Goncalves, IF Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Griesmayer, E Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Herrera-Martinez, A Ioannides, KG Isaev, S Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karamanis, D Ketlerov, V Kitis, G Koehler, PE Konovalov, V Kossionides, E Krticka, M Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, MI Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Mastinu, PF Milazzo, PM Molina-Coballes, A Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Paradela, C Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Peskov, V Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Policarpo, A Pretel, C Quesada, JM Rapp, W Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Savvidis, E Soares, JC Stephan, C Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavor, LMN Terlizzi, R Tsangas, N Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Wendler, H Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Lorusso, G Colonna, N Marrone, S Tagliente, G Heil, M Cano-Ott, D Mosconi, M Moreau, C Mengoni, A Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez- Pol, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Angelopoulos, A Assimakopoulos, P Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Benlliure, J Berthomieux, E Bisceglie, E Calvino, P Capote, R Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Coceva, C Cortes, G Cortina, D Couture, A Cox, J Dababneh, S Dahlfors, M Davids, S Dolfini, R Domingo-Pardo, C Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Frais-Koelbl, H Furman, WI Goncalves, IF Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Griesmayer, E Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Herrera-Martinez, A Ioannides, KG Isaev, S Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karamanis, D Ketlerov, V Kitis, G Koehler, PE Konovalov, V Kossionides, E Krticka, M Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, MI Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Mastinu, PF Milazzo, PM Molina-Coballes, A Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Paradela, C Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Peskov, V Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Policarpo, A Pretel, C Quesada, JM Rapp, W Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Savvidis, E Soares, JC Stephan, C Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavor, LMN Terlizzi, R Tsangas, N Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Wendler, H Wiescher, M Wisshak, K TI Time-energy relation of the n_TOF neutron beam: energy standards revisited SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE spallation neutron source; moderation distance; neutron capture cross sections; neutron energy standards AB The accurate determination of neutron cross-sections as a function of the neutron energy at a time-of-flight facility requires a precise knowledge of the time-energy relation for the neutron beam. For the n-TOF neutron beam at CERN, produced by spallation of high-energy protons on a Pb target, the time-energy relation is connected to the production mechanism and to the subsequent moderation process. A calibration of the neutron energy scale is proposed based on detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the facility. This time-energy relation has been experimentally validated by means of dedicated measurements of standard energy resonances, from 1 eV to approximately 1 MeV. On the basis of the present measurements, it is proposed to correct the energy of the 1.3 eV resonance of 193 Ir, which is commonly considered as an energy standard. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, Madrid, Spain. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. Univ Athens, Astro Particle Consortium, Athens, Greece. Univ Ioannina, Astro Particle Consortium, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Tech Univ Vienna, Atominst Osterreich Univ, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. CNRS, IN2P3 IreS, Strasbourg, France. Charles Univ, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Lab Instrumentacao & Phis Expt Particulas, Coimbra, Portugal. ENEA, Bologna, Italy. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, IPN, Orsay, France. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Valencia, Spain. Univ Thessaloniki, Astro Particle Consortium, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. Fach Hsch Wiener Neustadt, Vienna, Austria. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna, Russia. Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. CEN, Bordeaux, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Astro Particle Consortium, Athens, Greece. Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, Vienna, Austria. Pole Univ Leonard Vinci, Paris, France. Kungliga Tek Hogskolan, Dept Phys, Stockholm, Sweden. IRMM, JRC, CEC, Geel, Belgium. Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Democritus Univ Thrace, Astro Particle Consortium, Xanthi, Greece. Dipartimento Fis, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Colonna, N (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Via Amendola 173, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM nicola.colonna@ba.infn.it RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/K-5267-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Cortina-Gil, Dolores/H-9626-2015; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Benlliure, Jose/K-8407-2014; Dababneh, Saed/E-7281-2017; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012; OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Cortina-Gil, Dolores/0000-0001-7672-9912; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Benlliure, Jose/0000-0002-5114-1298; Dababneh, Saed/0000-0002-7376-1084; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038; Pavlik, Andreas/0000-0001-7526-3372; Goncalves, Isabel/0000-0002-1997-955X; Paradela Dobarro, Carlos/0000-0003-0175-8334; Chepel, Vitaly/0000-0003-0675-4586; Lozano Leyva, Manuel Luis/0000-0003-2853-4103; Koehler, Paul/0000-0002-6717-0771; Domingo-Pardo, Cesar/0000-0002-2915-5466; Marques, Rui/0000-0003-3549-8198 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 21 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 3 BP 622 EP 630 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.247 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 864UF UT WOS:000224657700009 ER PT J AU Baker, KL Stappaerts, EA Gavel, D Wilks, SC Tucker, J Silva, DA Olsen, J Olivier, SS Young, PE Kartz, MW Flath, LM Krulevitch, P Crawford, J Azucena, O AF Baker, KL Stappaerts, EA Gavel, D Wilks, SC Tucker, J Silva, DA Olsen, J Olivier, SS Young, PE Kartz, MW Flath, LM Krulevitch, P Crawford, J Azucena, O TI Breadboard testing of a phase-conjugate engine with an interferometric wave-front sensor and a microelectromechanical systems-based spatial light modulator SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; LOOP AB Laboratory breadboard results of a high-speed adaptive-optics system are presented. The wave-front sensor for the adaptive-optics system is based on a quadrature interferometer, which directly measures the turbulence-induced phase aberrations. The spatial light modulator used in the phase-conjugate engine was a microelectromechanical systems-based piston-only correction device with 1024 actuators. Laboratory experiments were conducted with this system utilizing Kolmogorov phase screens to simulate atmospheric phase distortions. The adaptive-optics system achieved correction speeds in excess of 800 Hz and Strehl ratios greater than 0.5 with the Kolmogorov phase screens. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 30 BP 5585 EP 5593 DI 10.1364/AO.43.005585 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 862OT UT WOS:000224501200001 PM 15534988 ER PT J AU Bogucki, DJ Domaradzki, JA Ecke, RE Truman, CR AF Bogucki, DJ Domaradzki, JA Ecke, RE Truman, CR TI Light scattering on oceanic turbulence SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; RAYLEIGH-BENARD CONVECTION; FLOW AB Turbulent inhomogeneities of fluid flow have the effect of scattering light in near-forward angles, thus providing an opportunity to use optics to quantify turbulence. Here we report measurements of the volume-scattering function in the range of 10(-7) to 10(-3) rad using a wave-front sensing technique. The total scattering coefficient b, due to scattering on turbulent inhomogeneities, is between 1 and 10 m(-1) under typical oceanographic conditions. The numerical calculations of turbulent volume-scattering functions compare well with the laboratory measurement. These results suggest that optical measurements at small angles are affected by turbulence-related scattering, and their effects can be well modeled with numerical calculations. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aeronaut & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Bogucki, DJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dbogucki@rsmas.miami.edu OI Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 30 BP 5662 EP 5668 DI 10.1364/AO.43.005662 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 862OT UT WOS:000224501200011 PM 15534998 ER PT J AU Junkkarinen, VT Cohen, RD Beaver, EA Burbidge, EM Lyons, RW Madejski, G AF Junkkarinen, VT Cohen, RD Beaver, EA Burbidge, EM Lyons, RW Madejski, G TI Dust and diffuse interstellar bands in the z(a)=0.524 absorption system toward AO 0235+164 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (AO 0235+164); galaxies : abundances; galaxies : ISM; quasars : absorption lines ID LYMAN-ALPHA SYSTEMS; OBJECT AO 0235&164; CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT HISTORY; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; BL-LAC OBJECTS; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; X-RAY; LINE; METALLICITY; ABUNDANCES AB We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) NUV-MAMA and STIS CCD observations of the BL Lac object AO 0235+164 and the intervening damped Lyalpha (DLA) line at z(a)=0.524. The line profile gives N(H I)=(5+/-1)x10(21) cm(-2) and, combined with the H I 21 cm absorption data, leads to a spin temperature of T-s=220+/-60 K. Those spectra also show a strong, broad feature at the expected position of the 2175 8Angstrom graphitic dust feature at z(a)=0.524. Assuming a Galactic-type dust extinction curve at z(a)=0.524 gives a dust-to-gas ratio of 0.19 times the Galactic value, but the fit, assuming that the underlying, unreddened spectrum is a single power law, is poor in the far-UV. A dust-to-gas ratio of 0.19 times the Galactic value is similar to the LMC, but the AO 0235+164 spectrum does not fit either the LMC extinction curve or the SMC extinction curve (which has practically no 2175 Angstrom feature). A possible interpretation includes dust similar to that in the Galaxy, but with fewer of the small particles that produce the far-UV extinction. The metallicity of the z(a)=0.524 absorber, estimated from the observed N(H I) and excess X-ray absorption (beyond Galactic) derived from contemporaneous and archival ASCA and ROSAT X-ray data, is Z=0.72+/-0.28 Z(circle dot), implying in turn a dust-to-metals ratio of 0.27 times the Galactic value. If the dust mass density is the same in the z(a)=0.524 DLA system as in our Galaxy, only 14% (+/-6%) of the metals (by mass) are in dust, compared to 51%, 36%, and 46% for the Galaxy, LMC, and SMC, respectively. Such a dusty z(a)=0.524 AO 0235+164 absorption system is a good example of the kind of DLA system that will be missed because of selection effects, which in turn can bias the measurement of the comoving density of interstellar gas (in units of the closure density), Omega(g), as a function of z. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Junkkarinen, VT (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM vesa@ucsd.edu; rdcohen@ucsd.edu NR 56 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 614 IS 2 BP 658 EP 670 DI 10.1086/423777 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 865KA UT WOS:000224700200013 ER PT J AU Mizuno, T Kamae, T Godfrey, G Handa, T Thompson, DJ Lauben, D Fukazawa, Y Ozaki, M AF Mizuno, T Kamae, T Godfrey, G Handa, T Thompson, DJ Lauben, D Fukazawa, Y Ozaki, M TI Cosmic-ray background flux model based on a Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope balloon flight engineering model SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE balloons; cosmic rays; gamma rays : observations; instrumentation : miscellaneous ID NEAR-EARTH ORBIT; HELIUM SPECTRA; BESS SPECTROMETER; ELECTRONS; PROTON; GLAST; ALBEDO; ATMOSPHERE; POSITRONS; RADIATION AB Cosmic-ray background fluxes were modeled on the basis of existing measurements and theories and are presented here. The model, originally developed for the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) balloon experiment, covers the entire solid angle (4pi sr), the sensitive energy range of the instrument (similar to10 MeV to 100 GeV), and the abundant components (proton, alpha particle, e(-), e(+), mu(-), mu(+), and gamma ray). It is expressed in analytic functions in which modulations due to solar activity and the Earth's geomagnetism are parameterized. Although the model is intended to be used primarily for the GLAST balloon experiment, model functions in low Earth orbit are also presented and can be used for other high-energy astrophysical missions. The model has been validated via comparison with the data of the GLAST balloon experiment. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Stanford Univ, Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Mizuno, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mizuno@slac.stanford.edu RI Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013 OI Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; NR 40 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 614 IS 2 BP 1113 EP 1123 DI 10.1086/423801 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 865KA UT WOS:000224700200052 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, D Wojtowicz, AJ Drozdowski, W Farmer, JM Boatner, LA AF Wisniewski, D Wojtowicz, AJ Drozdowski, W Farmer, JM Boatner, LA TI Scintillation and luminescence properties of Ce-activated K3Lu(PO4)(2) SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Spring Workshop on Spectroscopy, Structure and Synthesis of Rare Earth Systems CY JUN 21-26, 2003 CL Ladek, POLAND DE insulators; luminescence; crystal and ligand fields; synchrotron radiation ID ELECTRON TRAPS; MECHANISM; LUALO3-CE; YALO3-CE AB K3Lu(PO4)(2):Ce single crystals have been studied under gamma, X-ray, VUV, and UV excitation. For all of the excitation forms, the luminescence of these materials is dominated by the d-f emission bands of Ce3+. The shape and position of these bands, however, depends on the form of the excitation and on temperature due to crystallographic structural phase changes and multiple types of Lu3+ ions sites in the which the Ce3+ ion can substitute for Lu. The highly efficient and fast scintillation of these materials is based on radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs via Ce ions, and the scintillation characteristics identify K3Lu(PO4)(2):Ce as a promising fast and efficient scintillator. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wisniewski, D (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM darekw@phys.uni.torun.pl RI Drozdowski, Winicjusz/A-4487-2008; Wojtowicz, Andrzej/D-7418-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Drozdowski, Winicjusz/0000-0002-6207-4801; Wojtowicz, Andrzej/0000-0001-5788-5987; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 380 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.03.042 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 865ZC UT WOS:000224741700036 ER PT J AU Gerlitzki, N Meyer, G Mudring, AV Corbett, JD AF Gerlitzki, N Meyer, G Mudring, AV Corbett, JD TI Praseodymium diiodide, PrI2, revisited by synthesis, structure determination and theory SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Spring Workshop on Spectroscopy, Structure and Synthesis of Rare Earth Systems CY JUN 21-26, 2003 CL Ladek, POLAND DE praseodymium diiodide; crystal structures; band structure ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SYSTEMS; HALIDES AB Praseodymium diiodide, PrI2, is obtained from the triiodide, PrI3, by reduction with praseodymium metal at elevated temperatures. The two modifications, PrI2-IV and -V, are obtained in different ratios upon fast and slow cooling, respectively. PrI2-IV crystallizes with the CdCl2 type of structure (trigonal, R-3m, a = 426.5(1), c = 2247.1(8) pm) while PrI2-V (cubic, F-43m, a = 1239.9(2) pm) represents an own structure type that may be considered as a structural variant of the CdCl2 type with tetrahedral Pr-4 clusters. To elucidate the electronic properties of the modifications of PrI2 first principles electronic band structure calculations have been carried out using the tight-binding linear-muffin-tin-orbital method (LMTO) as well as the full potential augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW). The band structure and the bonding were analysed in terms of projections of the bands onto orthogonal orbitals. It was especially focussed on Pr-Pr interactions by crystal orbital Hamiltonian population (COHP) analysis. The calculations show accordingly that a configurational crossover between a [Xe]6s(0)5d(0)4f(n) and a [Xe]6s(0)5d(1)4f(n-1) configuration can be observed in the case of PrI2, depending upon the structure adopted. A higher d orbital contribution results in stronger Pr-Pr interactions. Thus, the driving force appears to be an optimisation of bonding. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Anorgan Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Meyer, G (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Anorgan Chem, Greinstr 6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. EM gerd.meyer@uni-koeln.de; jdc@ameslab.gov RI Meyer, Gerd/B-2391-2014; Mudring, Anja/C-4739-2014 OI Mudring, Anja/0000-0002-2800-1684 NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 380 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.03.046 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 865ZC UT WOS:000224741700040 ER PT J AU Miyajima, K Nakajima, A Yabushita, S Knickelbein, MB Kaya, K AF Miyajima, K Nakajima, A Yabushita, S Knickelbein, MB Kaya, K TI Ferromagnetism in one-dimensional vanadium-benzene sandwich clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STERN-GERLACH DEFLECTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; IONIZATION ENERGIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DECKER SANDWICH; NICKEL CLUSTERS; SPIN RELAXATION; FREE-IRON; COMPLEXES; TRANSITION C1 Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Keio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem,Div Chem, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy,CREST, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RP Nakajima, A (reprint author), Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kohoku Ku, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. EM nakajima@chem.keio.ac.jp; knickelbein@ani.gov RI Miyajima, Ken/C-8422-2013; Yabushita, Satoshi/C-5784-2014 OI Miyajima, Ken/0000-0002-5385-8911; NR 31 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 41 BP 13202 EP 13203 DI 10.1021/ja046151 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 862OH UT WOS:000224500000018 PM 15479056 ER PT J AU Conradson, SD Begg, BD Clark, DL den Auwer, C Ding, M Dorhout, PK Espinosa-Faller, FJ Gordon, PL Haire, RG Hess, NJ Hess, RF Keogh, DW Morales, LA Neu, MP Paviet-Hartmann, P Runde, W Tait, CD Veirs, DK Villella, PM AF Conradson, SD Begg, BD Clark, DL den Auwer, C Ding, M Dorhout, PK Espinosa-Faller, FJ Gordon, PL Haire, RG Hess, NJ Hess, RF Keogh, DW Morales, LA Neu, MP Paviet-Hartmann, P Runde, W Tait, CD Veirs, DK Villella, PM TI Local and nanoscale structure and speciation in the PuO2+x-y(OH)(2y)center dot zH(2)O system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE; OXIDATION-KINETICS; WATER-ADSORPTION; URANIUM; LATTICE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; SOLUBILITY AB Pu L-3 X-ray absorption fine structure spectra from 24 samples of Pu02+X (and two related Pu-substituted oxides), prepared by a variety of methods, demonstrate that (1) although the Pu sublattice remains the ordered part of the Pu distribution, the nearest-neighbor O atoms even at x = 0 are found in a multisite distribution with Pu-O distances consistent with the stable incorporation of OH- (and possibly H2O and H+) into the PuO2 lattice; (2) the excess O from oxidation is found at Pu-O distances <1.9 A, consistent with the multiply bound "oxo"-type ligands found in molecular complexes of Pu(V) and Pu(VI); (3) the Pu associated with these oxo groups is most likely Pu(V), so that the excess O probably occurs as PuO2+ moieties that are aperiodically distributed through the lattice; and (4) the collective interactions between these defect sites most likely cause them to cluster so as give nanoscale heterogeneity in the form of domains that may have unusual reactivity, observed as sequential oxidation by H2O at ambient conditions. The most accurate description of PuO2 is therefore actually PuO2+x-y(OH)(2y).zH(2)O, with pure, ordered, homogeneous PuO2 attained only when H2O is rigorously excluded and the O activity is relatively low. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2264, Australia. Commissariat Energie Atom Marcoule, F-30207 Bagnols Sur Ceze, France. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ctr Marista Estudios Super, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Conradson, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM conradson@lanl.gov RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011 NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 41 BP 13443 EP 13458 DI 10.1021/ja049192e PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 862OH UT WOS:000224500000063 PM 15479101 ER PT J AU Park, T Salamon, MB AF Park, T Salamon, MB TI Study on unconventional superconductors via angle-resolved specific heat SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Review DE unconventional superconductors; specific heat; nonlocal effects ID MAGNETIC-FIELD DEPENDENCE; FLUX-LINE-LATTICE; DENSITY-OF-STATES; WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PENETRATION DEPTH; VORTEX STATE; YBA2CU3O6.95; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; NODES AB The gap function in unconventional superconductors may vanish at points or lines in momentum space, permitting electronic excitations, termed "nodal quasiparticles", to exist at temperatures well below the superconducting transition. In the vortex phase, the presence of nodal quasiparticles should be directly observable through the variation of the heat capacity with the angle between a magnetic field and the location of the zeroes of the gap. The heat capacity of candidate nonmagnetic unconventional superconductors Lu(Y)Ni2B2C were found to exhibit fourfold oscillations with field angle, the first such observation. The observed angular variations are in quantitative agreement with theory, confirming that quasiparticles are created via Doppler shifts at nodes along <100>. Anomalous disorder effects have been also observed in the field-angle-dependent heat capacity C-p(alpha). In a slightly disordered sample, anomalous secondary minima along <110> appeared for mu(0)H > 1 T, leading to an eightfold pattern. The coexistence of an anisotropic superconducting gap and nonlocal effects is shown to drive the anomalous behavior. These results demonstrate that field-angle-dependent heat capacity can be a powerful tool in probing the momentum-space gap structure in unconventional superconductors such as high-T-c cuprates, heavy fermions, borocarbides, etc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Park, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tuson@lanl.gov; salamon@uiuc.edu RI Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9849 EI 1793-6640 J9 MOD PHYS LETT B JI Mod. Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 24 BP 1205 EP 1223 DI 10.1142/S0217984904007785 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 881HM UT WOS:000225854000001 ER PT J AU Barger, V Geer, S Whisnant, K AF Barger, V Geer, S Whisnant, K TI Neutral currents and tests of three-neutrino unitarity in long-baseline experiments SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID T-VIOLATION; OSCILLATION EXPERIMENTS; CP-VIOLATION; SUPERBEAM EXPERIMENTS; LSND EXPERIMENT; BETA-BEAM; PHYSICS; NEUTRINOS; MATTER; REACTOR AB We examine a strategy for using neutral current measurements in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments to put limits on the existence of more than three light, active neutrinos. We determine the relative contributions of statistics, cross-section uncertainties, event misidentification and other systematic errors to the overall uncertainty of these measurements. As specific case studies, we make simulations of beams and detectors that are like the K2K, T2K and MINOS experiments. We find that the neutral current cross-section uncertainty and contamination of the neutral current signal by charge current events allow a sensitivity for determining the presence of sterile neutinos at the 0.10-0.15 level in probablility. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barger, V (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM barger@pheno.physics.wisc.edu NR 117 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 135 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/135 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863TX UT WOS:000224587100001 ER PT J AU Ling, WL Giessel, T Thurmer, K Hwang, RQ Bartelt, NC McCarty, KF AF Ling, WL Giessel, T Thurmer, K Hwang, RQ Bartelt, NC McCarty, KF TI Crucial role of substrate steps in de-wetting of crystalline thin films SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE models of surface kinetics; low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM); growth; nucleation; wetting; copper; silver; ruthenium ID CONSERVING SHAPE CHANGES; UNSTABLE NECK FORMATION; FACETED PARTICLES; GROWTH; INSTABILITY; CU AB Using low-energy electron microscopy, we show that de-wetting of Ag and Cu films on Ru(0001) occurs by 3-D islands migrating across step edges in the "downhill" direction. We have observed islands thicken by more than 50 atomic layers in this manner. The island migration allows 3-D growth to occur in a way that avoids the nucleation barrier associated with forming 2-D islands on top of 3-D islands. Indeed, without substrate steps this nucleation barrier is not surmounted, and no 3-D islands are formed in the films studied. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McCarty, KF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969-9161, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mccarty@sandia.gov RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Ling, Wai Li/F-9823-2012; Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012; Thurmer, Konrad/L-4699-2013 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; Ling, Wai Li/0000-0002-4264-5750; Thurmer, Konrad/0000-0002-3078-7372 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 20 PY 2004 VL 570 IS 3 BP L297 EP L303 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.07.042 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 865MK UT WOS:000224707000001 ER PT J AU Son, CD Sargsyan, H Naider, F Becker, JM AF Son, CD Sargsyan, H Naider, F Becker, JM TI Identification of ligand binding regions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor pheromone receptor by photoaffinity cross-linking SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; PARATHYROID-HORMONE PTH; P NK-1 RECEPTOR; SUBSTANCE-P; SECRETIN RECEPTOR; MATING PHEROMONE; PEPTIDE ANALOGS; DISTINCT SITE; CONTACT; RESIDUES AB Analogues of alpha-factor, Saccharomyces cerevisiae tridecapeptide mating pheromone (H-Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr-OH), containing p-benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa), a photoactivatable group, and biotin as a tag, were synthesized using solid-phase methodologies on a p-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol polystyrene resin. Bpa was inserted at positions 1, 3, 5, 8, and 13 of alpha-factor to generate a set of cross-linkable analogues spanning the pheromone. The biological activity (growth arrest assay) and binding affinities of all analogues for the alpha-factor receptor (Ste2p) were determined. Two of the analogues that were tested, Bpa(1) and Bpa(5), showed 3-4-fold lower affinity than the alpha-factor, whereas Bpa(3) and Bpa(13) had 7-12-fold lower affinities. Bpa(8) competed poorly with [H-3]-a-factor for Ste2p. All of the analogues tested except Bpa(8) had detectable halos in the growth arrest assay, indicating that these analogues are alpha-factor agonists. Cross-linking studies demonstrated that [Bpa(1)]-alpha-factor, [Bpa(3)]-alpha-factor, [Bpa(5)]-alpha-factor, and [Bpa(13)]-alpha-factor were cross-linked to Ste2p; the biotin tag on the pheromone was detected by a NeutrAvidin-HRP conjugate on Western blots. Digestion of Bpa(1), Bpa(3), and Bpa(13) cross-linked receptors with chemical and enzymatic reagents suggested that the N-terminus of the pheromone interacts with a binding domain consisting of residues from the extracellular ends of TM5-TM7 and portions of EL2 and EL3 close to these TMs and that there is a direct interaction between the position 13 side chain and a region of Ste2p (F55-R58) at the extracellular end of TM1. The results further define the sites of interaction between Ste2p and the alpha-factor, allowing refinement of a model for the pheromone bound to its receptor. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Chem, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Inst Macromol Assemblies, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA. CUNY, Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Becker, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jbecker@utk.edu RI Son, Cagdas/A-5380-2010; Son, Cagdas/C-8018-2014 OI Son, Cagdas/0000-0002-4076-5441; Son, Cagdas/0000-0002-4076-5441 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM22086, GM22087] NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 41 BP 13193 EP 13203 DI 10.1021/bi0496889 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 862AX UT WOS:000224463000025 PM 15476413 ER PT J AU Li, JB Wang, LW AF Li, JB Wang, LW TI Comparison between quantum confinement effects of quantum wires and dots SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RODS; NANOWIRES; WURTZITE; STATES AB Dimensionality is an important governing factor in the electronic structures of semiconductor nanocrystals. The quantum confinement energies in one-dimensional quantum wires and zero-dimensional quantum dots are quite different. Using large-scale first-principle calculations, we have systematically studied the electronic structures of semiconductor (including group IV, III-V, and II-VI materials) surface-passivated quantum wires and dots. We have found that the band-gap energies of quantum wires and dots have the same scaling with diameter for a given material. The ratios of band-gap increases between quantum wires and dots are material-dependent, and for most direct band-gap materials, this ratio is very close to 0.586, as predicted by simple effective-mass approximation. We also have found a highly linear polarization of photoluminescence in quantum wires. The degree of polarization decreases with the increasing temperature and quantum wire size. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwwang@lbl.gov NR 28 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 21 BP 4012 EP 4015 DI 10.1021/cm0494958 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 863DT UT WOS:000224541600009 ER PT J AU Hutson, ND Speakman, SA Payzant, EA AF Hutson, ND Speakman, SA Payzant, EA TI Structural effects on the high temperature adsorption of CO2 on a synthetic hydrotalcite SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-SWING ADSORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUE-GAS; RECOVERY; HYDROXIDE AB Hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs) are solid sorbents that may potentially be used for high-temperature separation and capture of CO2. The high-temperature adsorption of CO2 on Mg-Al-CO3 HTlc is affected by structural changes that take place upon heating of the material. The structural changes of a synthetic HTlc upon heating to 200 and 400 degreesC in a vacuum were characterized using various analytical techniques. These structural changes were then related to observed behavior with respect to the physisorption and chemisorption of CO2 at 200 degreesC. Upon heating to 200 degreesC, the material retains its layered structure, though the interlayer spacing is decreased by similar to0.6 Angstrom due to loss of interlayer water. Chemisorption of CO2 at 200 degreesC represents more than half of the total adsorption capacity (at 107 kPa) due to increased availability of the framework Mg2+ cation and the subsequent formation of MgCO3. There is no significant increase of surface area or pore volume after heating to 200 degreesC. Upon heating to 400 degreesC the CO32- in the interlayer is decomposed and the material is completely dehydrated and partially dehydroxylated. The resulting amorphous 3-D structure with increased surface area and pore volume and decreased availability of the Mg2+ cation favors physisorption over chemisorption for these samples. An increased understanding of structure-property relationships will help in the further development of HTlcs as viable CO2 solid sorbents. C1 US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hutson, ND (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr E-305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hutson.nick@epa.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 30 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 21 BP 4135 EP 4143 DI 10.1021/cm040060u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 863DT UT WOS:000224541600026 ER PT J AU Zak, M AF Zak, M TI Dynamical networks for information processing SO INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Coupled evolution of state and topology of dynamical networks is introduced. Due to a well organized tensor structure, the governing equations are presented in a canonical form, and required attractors as well as their basins can be easily placed and controlled. This new class of dynamical networks can represent phenomenological models for self-organization in physics and biology. Applications of these networks to pattern recognition, associative memory, synthesis of models based upon observation data, detection of abnormalities and data compression are discussed. The difference between the proposed dynamical networks and neural networks is emphasized. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ultracomp Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zak, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Ultracomp Grp, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,M-S 126-347, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM michail.zak@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0020-0255 J9 INFORM SCIENCES JI Inf. Sci. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.ins.2003.08.019 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 864MM UT WOS:000224637600001 ER PT J AU Kleinman, LI Ryan, WF Daum, PH Springston, SR Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Weinstein-Lloyd, J AF Kleinman, LI Ryan, WF Daum, PH Springston, SR Lee, YN Nunnermacker, LJ Weinstein-Lloyd, J TI An ozone episode in the Philadelphia metropolitan area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ozone; photochemistry; ozone episode ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; STAGNATION EPISODE; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; O-3 FORMATION; NASHVILLE; URBAN; TENNESSEE; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; HYDROCARBONS AB [1] In July and August 1999 a Northeast Oxidant and Particle Study field campaign was conducted in the Philadelphia metropolitan area to determine causes for episodically high levels of O-3 and particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 mum in aerodynamic diameter. We report emission estimates, weather information, surface O-3 monitoring data, and aircraft observations, with a focus on 31 July, the last day of an O-3 episode in which concentrations in Philadelphia reached 165 ppb, the highest level observed there in the past 11 years. As is common in the northeastern states, this O-3 episode started with the development of a broad ridge over the central United States and ended with the northeast corridor under the influence of an Appalachian lee trough with airflow from the SW in an along-corridor direction. For a portion of the morning of 31 July, winds were nearly stagnant, allowing local emissions to accumulate. In contrast to typical O-3 episodes in the northeast, transport on 31 July was limited, and O-3 hot spots occurred close to NOx and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission sources. High O-3 was observed downwind of Baltimore and Philadelphia, both major urban areas. High O-3 was also observed in a less likely region near the Delaware-Pennsylvania border, downwind of Wilmington, Delaware, but near utility and industrial emission sources. Surface O-3 monitoring data and morning aircraft observations show that the residual layer aloft contained 80 - 100 ppb of O-3 but almost no O-3 precursors. Same-day photochemistry on 31 July caused surface O-3 concentrations to increase by 60 - 80 ppb. Photochemical model calculations indicate O-3 production rates in excess of 20 ppb h(-1) in regions with NOx > 5 ppb. High NOx concentrations are a consequence of poor ventilation. Peroxide observations and calculations indicate that O-3 production is VOC limited in the high-NOx portions of the Philadelphia urban plume. Our results are contrasted against a severe O-3 episode that occurred in 1995. While the 1999 episode had stagnation conditions leading to local O-3 hot spots, there were mesoscale meteorological features in 1995 that favored interregional transport. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. SUNY Coll Old Westbury, Dept Chem Phys, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kleinman@bnl.gov; phdaum@bnl.gov; srs@bnl.gov; ynlee@bnl.gov; lindan@bnl.gov; jlloyd@bnl.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D20 AR D20302 DI 10.1029/2004JD004563 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867XQ UT WOS:000224876600005 ER PT J AU Takegawa, N Kondo, Y Koike, M Chen, G Machida, T Watai, T Blake, DR Streets, DG Woo, JH Carmichael, GR Kita, K Miyazaki, Y Shirai, T Liley, JB Ogawa, T AF Takegawa, N Kondo, Y Koike, M Chen, G Machida, T Watai, T Blake, DR Streets, DG Woo, JH Carmichael, GR Kita, K Miyazaki, Y Shirai, T Liley, JB Ogawa, T TI Removal of NOx and NOy in Asian outflow plumes: Aircraft measurements over the western Pacific in January 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE reactive nitrogen; removal process; Asian outflow ID EXPLORATORY MISSION-WEST; REACTIVE NITROGEN; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PEM-WEST; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; CARBON-MONOXIDE; EMISSIONS; BIOMASS; INSTRUMENT AB [1] The Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission Phase A (PEACE-A) aircraft measurement campaign was conducted over the western Pacific in January 2002. Correlations of carbon monoxide ( CO) with carbon dioxide (CO2) and back trajectories are used to identify plumes strongly affected by Asian continental emissions. DeltaCO/DeltaCO(2) ratios (i.e., linear regression slopes of CO/CO2) in the plumes generally fall within the variability range of the CO/CO2 emission ratios estimated from an emission inventory for east Asia, demonstrating the consistency between the aircraft measurements and the emission characterization. Removal rates of reactive nitrogen (NOx and NOy) for the study region ( altitude < 4 km, 124 degrees - 140 degrees E, 25 degrees - 45 degrees N) are estimated using the correlation with CO2, the photochemical age of the plumes, and the NOx/CO2 emission ratio derived from the emission inventory. The plume age is estimated from the rates of hydrocarbon decay and hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration calculated using a constrained photochemical box model. The average lifetime of NOx is estimated to be 1.2 +/- 0.4 days. Possible processes controlling the NOx lifetime are discussed in conjunction with results from earlier studies. The average lifetime of NOy is estimated to be 1.7 +/- 0.5 days, which is comparable to the NOy lifetime of 1.7 - 1.8 days that has been previously reported for outflow from the United States. This similarity suggests the importance of chemical processing near the source regions in determining the NOy abundance. C1 Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. Global Environm Forum, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ibaraki Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Earth Observat Res & Applicat Ctr, Tokyo 1046023, Japan. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. EM takegawa@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kondo@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; koike@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; g.chen@larc.nasa.gov; tmachida@nies.go.jp; watai.tomonori@nies.go.jp; dblake@uci.edu; dstreets@anl.gov; woojh21@cgrer.uiowa.edu; gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu; kita@env.sci.ibaraki.ac.jp; yuzom@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; shirai@eorc.jaxa.jp; b.liley@niwa.co.nz; ogawa.toshihiro@jaxa.jp RI Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Miyazaki, Yuzo/C-6920-2010 NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23S04 DI 10.1029/2004JD004866 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 867XW UT WOS:000224877200001 ER PT J AU Trepagnier, EH Jarzynski, C Ritort, F Crooks, GE Bustamante, CJ Liphardt, J AF Trepagnier, EH Jarzynski, C Ritort, F Crooks, GE Bustamante, CJ Liphardt, J TI Experimental test of Hatano and Sasa's nonequilibrium steady-state equality SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; JARZYNSKIS EQUALITY; THERMODYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; FORCE; MODEL AB Most natural processes occur far from equilibrium and cannot be treated within the framework of classical thermodynamics. In 1998, Oono and Paniconi [Oono, Y. & Paniconi, M. (1998) Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 130, 29-44] proposed a general phenomenological framework, steady-state thermodynamics, encompassing nonequilibrium steady states and transitions between such states. In 2001, Hatano and Sasa [Hatano, T. & Sasa, S. (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3463-3466] derived a testable prediction of this theory. Specifically, they were able to show that the exponential average of Y, a quantity similar to a dissipated work, should be equal to zero for arbitrary transitions between nonequilibrium steady states, -In = 0. We have tested this strong prediction by measuring the dissipation and fluctuations of microspheres optically driven through water. We have found that -In approximate to 0 for three different nonequilibrium systems, supporting Hatano and Sasa's proposed extension of thermodynamics to arbitrary steady states and irreversible transitions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Fis Fonamental, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liphardt, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM liphardt@physics.berkeley.edu RI Jarzynski, Christopher/B-4490-2009; Liphardt, Jan/A-5906-2012; Crooks, Gavin/H-7111-2012; OI Jarzynski, Christopher/0000-0002-3464-2920; Liphardt, Jan/0000-0003-2835-5025 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM032543, GM-32543, R01 GM032543] NR 29 TC 152 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 22 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 19 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 42 BP 15038 EP 15041 DI 10.1073/pnas.0406405101 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 865FT UT WOS:000224688700013 PM 15469914 ER PT J AU Lebensohn, RA Liu, Y Castaneda, PP AF Lebensohn, RA Liu, Y Castaneda, PP TI On the accuracy of the self-consistent approximation for polycrystals: comparison with full-field numerical simulations SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE polycrystals; power-law slip; self-consistent theory; effective behavior; field fluctuations ID EFFECTIVE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; VISCOPLASTIC POLYCRYSTALS; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR; FLUCTUATIONS; CREEP; ICE; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION AB This paper presents comparisons between full-field numerical results and self-consistent (SC) estimates for the effective behavior and statistical fluctuations of the stress and strain-rate fields in viscoplastic polycrystals. The full-field simulations make use of a recently introduced technique, based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. Applications are given for linear and power-law polycrystals with randomly distributed FCC and HCP grains. For linear systems, the FFT results demonstrate the accuracy of the standard SC approximation, even for relatively large values of the grain anisotropy parameter when the field fluctuations become significant. On the other hand, of the various extensions of the self-consistent method that have been proposed for nonlinear systems, the recent `second-order' method appears to give the best overall predictions for both the effective behavior and the statistical fluctuations of the stress and strain-rate fields in power-law polycrystals. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lebenso@lanl.gov RI Ponte Castaneda, Pedro/B-1834-2008; Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008 OI Ponte Castaneda, Pedro/0000-0003-2565-8899; Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105 NR 37 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 18 BP 5347 EP 5361 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.040 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863BY UT WOS:000224536400011 ER PT J AU Jin, M Minor, AM Stach, EA Morris, JW AF Jin, M Minor, AM Stach, EA Morris, JW TI Direct observation of deformation-induced grain growth during the nanoindentation of ultrafine-grained Al at room temperature SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE TEM; nanoindentation; aluminum; ultrafine grained microstructure; grain boundary migration ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE METALS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; NICKEL; NI AB In situ nanoindentation within a transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the deformation mechanisms in ultrafine-grained Al films. Deformation-induced grain growth resulting from grain boundary migration, grain rotation and grain coalescence is commonly observed as the indentation proceeds. In situ studies of nanograined films suggest that the same mechanisms are operative, though the difficulty of imaging nanosized grains makes the evidence less clear. The results suggest that grain growth and coalescence are important modes of response in the deformation of ultrafine- and nanograined materials. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Morris, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 228 Hearst Mem Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM jwmorris@berkeley.edu RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 27 TC 240 Z9 246 U1 11 U2 110 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 18 BP 5381 EP 5387 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.044 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863BY UT WOS:000224536400014 ER PT J AU Barnat, EV Hebner, GA AF Barnat, EV Hebner, GA TI Electric fields in a sheath near a metal-dielectric interface SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY PLASMA; GLOW-DISCHARGE; 2-DIMENSIONAL SHEATH; DYNAMIC-MODEL; RF-DISCHARGES; ION; SPECTROSCOPY; HELIUM; ARGON; SIMULATION AB Spatially resolved electric fields in the sheath region near a metal-dielectric junction were measured in a radio-frequency-driven argon plasma. The fields were determined by observing the Stark shifted transitions to the 13d[3/2](1) Rydberg state by laser-induced fluorescence-dip spectroscopy. Calibration of the Stark shifts for the 13d[3/2](1) Rydberg state were experimentally obtained in a separate apparatus. Maps of the electric fields illustrate that the structure of the sheath formed around the junction depended on both the surface material and on the configuration of the surface. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barnat, EV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM evbarna@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 16 BP 3393 EP 3395 DI 10.1063/1.1766075 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864UJ UT WOS:000224658100018 ER PT J AU Passian, A Wig, A Lereu, AL Meriaudeau, F Thundat, T Ferrell, TL AF Passian, A Wig, A Lereu, AL Meriaudeau, F Thundat, T Ferrell, TL TI Photon tunneling via surface plasmon coupling SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER-OPTIC SENSOR; MICROSCOPY; DISPERSION AB The measurement of a photonic signal via plasmon-plasmon coupling in curved thin metal films is presented. In domains of subwavelength dimension, we calculate the resonant dispersion relations by modeling the curved thin film as a single sheeted hyperboloid of revolution. We show that several such surface modes are accessible optically at frequencies below the plasma frequency of the metal. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Bourgogne, IUT Creusot, F-71200 Le Creusot, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Bourgogne, Dept Phys, F-31011 Dijon, France. RP Passian, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM passianan@ornl.gov RI Lereu, Aude/P-6414-2016 OI Lereu, Aude/0000-0001-7390-7832 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 16 BP 3420 EP 3422 DI 10.1063/1.1793351 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864UJ UT WOS:000224658100027 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Wang, H Hawley, ME Foltyn, SR Jia, QX Collis, GE Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM AF Lin, Y Wang, H Hawley, ME Foltyn, SR Jia, QX Collis, GE Burrell, AK McCleskey, TM TI Epitaxial growth of Eu2O3 thin films on LaAlO3 substrates by polymer-assisted deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EUROPIUM OXIDE-FILMS AB Eu2O3 thin films were epitaxially grown on (001)LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates using a polymer-assisted deposition technique. Microstructural studies by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that the films are epitaxial with an orientational relationship of (001)(Eu2)O(3)parallel to(001)(LAO) and [1 (1) over bar0](Eu2)O(3)parallel to[100](LAO). We have found a systematic change in the out-of-plane lattice parameter of Eu2O3 (a(perpendicular to)) with the annealing temperature, which is believed to be from different strain effects. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ylin@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Collis, Gavin/D-6343-2011; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013; OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 16 BP 3426 EP 3428 DI 10.1063/1.1806265 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864UJ UT WOS:000224658100029 ER PT J AU Wang, ZW Zha, CS Barsoum, MW AF Wang, ZW Zha, CS Barsoum, MW TI Compressibility and pressure-induced phase transformation of Ti3GeC2 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TI3SIC2; GPA; SI AB In order to explore the large shear-strain-induced polymorph, alpha-Ti3GeC2 polycrystals were investigated by using a synchrotron radiation source to 64 GPa under nonhydrostatic state. Upon compression to 26.6 GPa, alpha-Ti3GeC2 starts to transform to beta-Ti3GeC2. As compared to alpha-Ti3GeC2, the cell parameter a of beta-Ti3GeC2 is slightly shorter, and both c and c/a larger. These two polymorphs exhibit similar compressibility. The bulk modulus is calculated to be 179 (+/-10) GPa at a fixed K-'=4.0. This is lower than that of Ti3SiC2, and close to that of Ti3Si0.5Ge0.5C2. The compressibilities of these two Ti3GeC2 polymorphs do not display an apparent anisotropy, and differ from the large anisotropies observed from Ti3SiC2 and Ti3Si0.5Ge0.5C2. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, CHESS, Wilson Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Wang, ZW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM z_wang@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 16 BP 3453 EP 3455 DI 10.1063/1.1808491 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864UJ UT WOS:000224658100038 ER PT J AU Antunes, MA Ferrence, GM Domingos, A McDonald, R Burns, CJ Takats, J Marques, N AF Antunes, MA Ferrence, GM Domingos, A McDonald, R Burns, CJ Takats, J Marques, N TI Uranium(III) scorpionates: Synthesis and structure of [(TP2Me)2U{N(C6H5)(2)}] and [(Tp(2)(Me))(2)U{N(SiMe3)(2)}] SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTRIS(PYRAZOLYL)BORATE LIGAND; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; TRANSFORMATION; CL AB Reaction of [(Tp(Me2))(2)Ul] with KNR2 (R = C6H5, SiMe3) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) afforded the monomeric trivalent actinide amide complexes [(Tp(Me2))(2)U{N(C6H5)(2)}], 1, and [(Tp(Me2))(2)U{N(SiMe3)(2)}], 2. The complexes have been fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and their structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic studies. In the solid state 1 and 2 exhibit distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometries. The U-NR2 bond lengths in both complexes are the same but in complex 2 the greater steric demands of the N(SiMe3)(2) ligand led to elongated U-N(pz) bonds, especially those opposite the amido ligand. C1 Illinois State Univ, Dept Chem, Normal, IL 61790 USA. Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Dept Quim, P-2686953 Sacavem, Portugal. Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Struct Determinat Lab, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Takats, J (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Chem, Normal, IL 61790 USA. EM ferrence@ilstu.edu; Joe.Takats@ualberta.ca; nmarques@itn.mces.pt RI Antunes, Maria Augusta/J-2580-2013; OI Antunes, Maria Augusta/0000-0001-5545-2520; Ferrence, Gregory/0000-0001-7549-3856 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 21 BP 6640 EP 6643 DI 10.1021/ic049204x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 862KI UT WOS:000224489100026 PM 15476362 ER PT J AU Blaizot, JP Gelis, F Venugopalan, R AF Blaizot, JP Gelis, F Venugopalan, R TI High energy pA collisions in the color glass condensate approach I: gluon production and the Cronin effect SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID LARGE-TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELDS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; SMALL-X; Q(Q)OVER-BAR PHOTOPRODUCTION; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; HADRONIC SCATTERING; SEMIHARD PROCESSES; POWER CORRECTIONS AB We study gluon production in high energy proton-nucleus collisions in the semi-classical framework of the color glass condensate. We develop a general formalism to compute gluon fields in covariant gauge to lowest order in the classical field of the proton and to all orders in the classical field of the nucleus. The use of the covariant gauge makes the diagrammatic interpretation of the solution more transparent. k(perpendicular to)-factorization holds to this order for gluon production-our results for the gluon distribution are equivalent to the prior diagrammatic analysis of Kovchegov and Mueller. We also show that these results are equivalent to the computation of gluon production by Dumitru and McLerran in the Fock-Schwinger gauge. We demonstrate how the Cronin effect arises in this approach, and examine its behavior in the two extreme limits of (a) no small-x quantum evolution, and (b) fully saturated quantum evolution. In both cases, the formalism reduces to Glauber's formalism of multiple scatterings. We comment on the possible implications of this study for the interpretation of the recent results on deuteron-gold collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, F (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM, Serv Phys Theor, Bat 774, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM gelis@spht.saclay.cea.fr NR 89 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 743 IS 1-3 BP 13 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.07.005 PG 44 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 858YR UT WOS:000224229300002 ER PT J AU Blaizot, JP Gelis, F Venugopalan, R AF Blaizot, JP Gelis, F Venugopalan, R TI High energy pA collisions in the color glass condensate approach II: quark pair production SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; SMALL-X; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; HADRONIC COLLISIONS; GAUGE THEORIES; CROSS-SECTION; LARGE NUCLEUS; SCATTERING; EQUATION; FIELD AB We compute the production of quark-antiquark pairs in high energy collisions between a small and a large projectile, as in proton-nucleus collisions, in the framework of the color glass condensate. We derive a general expression for quark pair-production, which is not k(perpendicular to)-factorizable. However, k(perpendicular to)-factorization is recovered in the limit of large mass pairs or large quark-antiquark momenta. Our results are amenable to a simple interpretation and suggest how multi-parton correlations at small x can be quantified in high-energy proton/deuteron-nucleus collisions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gelis, F (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, DSM, Bat 774, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM gelis@spht.saclay.cea.fr NR 55 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 743 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.07.006 PG 35 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 858YR UT WOS:000224229300003 ER PT J AU Nomura, Y Tucker-Smith, D AF Nomura, Y Tucker-Smith, D TI Matter unification in warped supersymmetric SO(10) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article AB We construct models of warped unification with a bulk SO(10) gauge symmetry and boundary conditions that preserve the SU(4)(C) x SU(2)(L) x SU(2)(R) Pati-Salam gauge group (422). In the dual 4D description, these models are 422 gauge theories in which the apparent unification of gauge couplings in the minimal supersymmetric standard model is explained as a consequence of strong coupling in the ultraviolet. The weakness of the gauge couplings at low energies is ensured in this 4D picture by asymptotically non-free contributions from the conformal sector, which are universal due to an approximate SO(10) global symmetry. The 422 gauge symmetry is broken to the standard model group by a simple set of Higgs fields. An advantage of this setup relative to SU(5) models of warped unification is that matter is automatically required to fill out representations of 422, providing an elegant understanding of the quantum numbers of the standard-model quarks and leptons. The models also naturally incorporate the see-saw mechanism for neutrino masses and bottom-tau unification. Finally, they predict a rich spectrum of exotic particles near the TeV scale, including states with different quantum numbers than those that appear in SU(5) models. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Nomura, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yasunori@thsrv.lbl.gov OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 698 IS 1-2 BP 92 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.07.031 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 860AG UT WOS:000224308900003 ER PT J AU Bardakci, K AF Bardakci, K TI Meanfield approximation for field theories on the worldsheet revisited SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article AB This work is the continuation of the earlier efforts to apply the mean field approximation to the continuum worldsheet formulation of planar phi(3) theory. The previous attempts were either simple but without solid foundation or better founded but excessively complicated. In this article, we present an approach both simple, and also systematic and well founded. We are able to carry through the leading order mean field calculation analytically, and with a suitable tuning of the coupling constant, we find string formation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bardakci, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kbardakci@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 698 IS 1-2 BP 202 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.08.010 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 860AG UT WOS:000224308900008 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Tsifrinovich, V AF Berman, GP Borgonovi, F Tsifrinovich, V TI Wave function collapses in a single spin magnetic resonance force microscopy SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM AB We study the effects of wave function collapses in the oscillating cantilever driven adiabatic reversals (OSCAR) magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) technique. The quantum dynamics of the cantilever tip (CT) and the spin is analyzed and simulated taking into account the magnetic noise on the spin. The deviation of the spin from the direction of the effective magnetic field causes a measurable shift of the frequency of the CT oscillations. We show that the experimental study of this shift can reveal the information about the average time interval between the consecutive collapses of the wave function. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Brescia, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. INFM, Unita Brescia, Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Polytech Univ, IDS Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Borgonovi, F (reprint author), Univ Brescia, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Via Musei 41, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. EM f.borgonovi@dmf.unicatt.it OI borgonovi, fausto/0000-0002-9730-1189 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 18 PY 2004 VL 331 IS 3-4 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2004.09.003 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 862GI UT WOS:000224478200009 ER PT J AU Thomas, CD Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM AF Thomas, CD Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM TI Strategy for repetitive pinched injections on a microfluidic device SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; GLASS CHIP; MICROCHIP; SEPARATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB A microfluidic valve was fabricated with a cross intersection and two tee intersections in close proximity and evaluated for repetitive pinched injections. Electrokinetic forces were used to mobilize the sample and control diffusive transport at a cross intersection to produce sample plugs of short axial extent in an analysis channel similar to the standard pinched valve. The addition of a tee intersection in the sample channel maintained the sample close to the injection valve under "pullback' conditions allowing more rapid loading into the cross intersection. A second tee intersection allowed unidirectional transport in the analysis channel enabling loading of subsequent injections during an analysis. The two tee intersections were each located 80 mum from the cross intersection. Injection frequencies of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 Hz were tested with a duty cycle of 0.5 for sample loading and dispensing. With 1 kV applied to the microchip during dispensing, the relative standard deviation of the peak areas for 15 injections was 1.6%. The peak width (4sigma) for the repetitive injections increased from 71 to 96 mum compared to a standard pinched injection due to the presence of the tee intersection in the analysis channel. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jmramsey@mail.unc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R33CA83238] NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 20 BP 6053 EP 6057 DI 10.1021/ac035475y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 863ME UT WOS:000224565200009 PM 15481953 ER PT J AU Higgins, JA Nasarabadi, S Karns, JS Shelton, DR Cooper, M Gbakima, A Koopman, RP AF Higgins, JA Nasarabadi, S Karns, JS Shelton, DR Cooper, M Gbakima, A Koopman, RP TI Corrigendurn to "A handheld real time thermal cycler for bacterial pathogen detection" (vol 18, pg 1115, 2003) SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USDA APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Room 202,Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jhiggins@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 3 BP 663 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2002.10.001 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 869UE UT WOS:000225009000036 ER PT J AU Gavin, IM Glesne, D Zhao, Y Kubera, C Huberman, E AF Gavin, IM Glesne, D Zhao, Y Kubera, C Huberman, E TI Spermine acts as a negative regulator of macrophage differentiation in human myeloid leukemia cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; ESTER-INDUCED-DIFFERENTIATION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PHORBOL ESTER; SPERMIDINE/SPERMINE N-1-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; ALPHA(5)BETA(1) INTEGRIN; POLYAMINE METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; HL-60 CELLS; INDUCTION AB The role of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced macrophage differentiation was examined in human HL-60 and U-937 myeloid leukemia cells. Unlike other polyamines, spermine affected this differentiation by acting as a negative regulator. This negative regulation was established by showing that the PMA-induced macrophage phenotype, but not PMA-associated replication arrest, was abrogated (a) by replenishing the PMA-evoked decrease in cellular spermine levels with this polyamine from an exogenous source and (b) by blocking PMA-induced expression of the polyamine catabolic enzyme N-1-spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SSAT) with antisense oligonucleotides in the presence of low substrate level. The PMA-evoked reduction in cellular spermine appears to result from an increase in the activity of SSAT and a decrease in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme. To a degree, these changes are due to corresponding changes in the expression of the genes that code for these enzymes. When cell differentiation is initiated, SSAT expression is increased after PMA-evoked activation of protein kinase C-beta. The present studies raise the possibility that agents able to reduce spermine levels in patients' myeloid leukemia cells may enhance the activity of differentiation therapy drugs for this type of leukemia. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huberman, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM elih@anl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA80826] NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 64 IS 20 BP 7432 EP 7438 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-0051 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 862WO UT WOS:000224522200038 PM 15492267 ER PT J AU Torgersen, T Kennedy, BM van Soest, MC AF Torgersen, T Kennedy, BM van Soest, MC TI Diffusive separation of noble gases and noble gas abundance patterns in sedimentary rocks SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE noble gases; abundance; sedimentary rocks; diffusion ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; PHYSICAL ADSORPTION; RARE-GAS; XENON; BASIN; XE; SORPTION; SILICA; METEORITES; SIMULATION AB The mechanisms responsible for noble gas concentrations, abundance patterns and strong retentivity in sedimentary lithologies remain poorly explained. Diffusion-controlled fractionation of noble gases is modeled and examined as an explanation for the absolute and relative abundances of noble gases observed in sediments. Since the physical properties of the noble gases are strong functions of atomic mass, the individual diffusion coefficients, adsorption coefficients and atomic radii combine to impede heavy noble gas (Xe) diffusion relative to light noble gas (Ne) diffusion. Filling of lithic grains/half-spaces by diffusive processes thus produces Ne enrichments in the early and middle stages of the process with F(Ne) values similar to that observed in volcanic glasses. Emptying lithic grains/half-spaces produces a Xe-enriched residual in the late (but not final) stages of the process producing F(Xe) values similar to that observed in shales. 'Exotic... but unexceptional' shales that exhibit both F(Ne) and F(Xe) enrichments can be produced by incomplete emptying followed by incomplete filling. This mechanism is consistent with literature-reported noble gas abundance patterns but may still require a separate mechanism for strong retention. A system of labyrinths-with-constrictions and/or C- and Si-nanotubes when combined with simple adsorption can result in stronger diffusive separation and nonsteady-state enrichments that persist for longer times. Enhanced adsorption to multiple C atoms inside C-nanotubes as well as dangling functional groups closing the ends of nanotubes can provide potential mechanisms for 'strong retenfion'. We need new methods of examining noble gases in rocks to determine the role and function of angstrom-scale structures in both the diffusive enrichment process and the 'strong retention' process for noble gas abundances in terrestrial rocks. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Torgersen, T (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM Thomas.Torgersen@uconn.edu NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 226 IS 3-4 BP 477 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.030 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 864QX UT WOS:000224649100014 ER PT J AU Wenk, HR Lonardelli, I Pehl, J Devine, J Prakapenka, V Shen, G Mao, HK AF Wenk, HR Lonardelli, I Pehl, J Devine, J Prakapenka, V Shen, G Mao, HK TI In situ observation of texture development in olivine, ringwoodite, magnesiowustite and silicate perovskite at high pressure SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE preferred orientation; perovskite; olivine; diamond anvil cells; mantle anisotropy; Rietveld image analysis ID MANTLE ANISOTROPY BENEATH; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LOWERMOST MANTLE; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; MGSIO3 PEROVSKITE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GEOPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS; MULTIMEGABAR PRESSURES AB Magnesium silicates are the dominant minerals in the earth's mantle. Their preferred orientation is important for understanding the rheology and seismic anisotropy in the deep earth. Here we report results of radial synchrotron diffraction diamond anvil cell (DAC) experiments on San Carlos olivine, axially compressed to 50 GPa. Experiments were performed at room temperature, except for brief laser heating to induce phase transformations. High stresses and development of preferred orientation were observed in diffraction images. Quantitative texture information was obtained by analyzing the images with the Rietveld method. With increasing pressure (between 9 and 43 GPa) olivine develops a texture with [001] axes perpendicular to the compression direction that is compatible with {hk0}[001] pencil glide. Ringwoodite (between 20 and 50 GPa) develops weak preferred orientation with {011} lattice planes perpendicular to the compression direction. After the phase transformation, perovskite and magnesiowustite display transformation textures that are then modified by continuing deformation. Magnesiowustite has a weak <111> maximum parallel to the compression direction that changes towards <001> with increasing deformation. Perovskite, transforming from olivine, has a pronounced (100) transformation texture and with increasing deformation a {012} maximum develops. The transformation texture is probably produced by mechanical {110} twinning and nucleation in orientations that minimize elastic strain energy. The deformation texture of perovskite is due to slip. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. CSECARS, APS, Argonne, IL 60139 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Wenk, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wenk@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011 NR 66 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 226 IS 3-4 BP 507 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.033 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 864QX UT WOS:000224649100016 ER PT J AU Wiens, RC Bochsler, P Burnett, DS Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF AF Wiens, RC Bochsler, P Burnett, DS Wimmer-Schweingruber, RF TI Solar and solar-wind isotopic compositions (vol 224, pg 697, 2004) SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Correction ID ENERGETIC PARTICLES; LUNAR-SAMPLES; BOARD SOHO; PROTOSOLAR CLOUD; ION MEASUREMENTS; ABUNDANCE RATIO; NOBLE-GASES; NITROGEN; HE-3; FRACTIONATION AB With only a few exceptions, the solar photosphere is thought to have retained the mean isotopic composition of the original solar nebula, so that, with some corrections, the photosphere provides a baseline for comparison of all other planetary materials. There are two sources of information on the photospheric isotopic composition: optical observations, which have succeeded in determining a few isotopic ratios with large uncertainties, and the solar wind, measured either in situ by spacecraft instruments or as implanted ions into lunar or asteroidal soils or collection substrates. Gravitational settling from the outer convective zone (OCZ) into the radiative core is viewed as the only solar modification of solar-nebula isotopic compositions to affect all elements. Evidence for gravitational settling is indirect, as observations are presently less precise than the predictions of <10parts per thousand effects for the isotopes of solid-forming elements. Additional solar modification has occurred for light isotopes (D, Li, Be, B) due to nuclear destruction at the base of the convection zone, and due to production by nuclear reactions of photospheric materials with high-energy particles from the corona. Isotopic fractionation of long-term average samples of solar wind has been suggested by theory. There is some evidence, although not unambiguous, indicating that interstream (slow) wind is isotopically lighter than high-speed wind from coronal holes, consistent with Coulomb drag theories. The question of fractionation has not been clearly answered, because the precision of spacecraft instruments is not sufficient to clearly demonstrate the predicted fractionations, which are <30parts per thousand/amu between fast and slow wind for most elements. Analysis of solar wind noble gases extracted from lunar and asteroidal soils, when compared with the terrestrial atmospheric composition, also suggests solar wind fractionation consistent with Coulomb drag theories. Observations of solar and solar wind compositions are reviewed for nearly all elements from hydrogen to iron, as well as the heavy noble gases. Other than Li and the noble gases, there is presently no evidence for differences among stable isotopes between terrestrial and solar photosphere compositions. Although spacecraft observations of solar wind isotopes have added significantly to our knowledge within the past decade, more substantial breakthroughs are likely to be seen within the next several years with the return of long-exposure solar wind samples from the Genesis mission, which should yield much higher precision measurements than in situ spacecraft instruments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. CALTECH, Dept Geol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angw Phys, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rwiens@lanl.gov NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 226 IS 3-4 BP 547 EP + DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.010 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 864QX UT WOS:000224649100020 ER PT J AU Abraham, DP Poppen, SD Jansen, AN Liu, J Dees, DW AF Abraham, DP Poppen, SD Jansen, AN Liu, J Dees, DW TI Application of a lithium-tin reference electrode to determine electrode contributions to impedance rise in high-power lithium-ion cells SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE lithium-tin; reference-electrode; lithium-ion; impedance; aging ID IN-SITU IMPEDANCE; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; CAPACITY FADE; 3-ELECTRODE IMPEDANCE; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; BATTERIES; LI; INTERCALATION; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE AB A reference electrode based on a lithium-tin alloy was used to study electrode potential change during hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on lithium-ion cells. The cells contained a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2-based positive electrode, a graphite-based negative electrode, and a LiPF6-bearing ethylene carbonate: ethyl methyl carbonate (EC:EMC) electrolyte. The cells were prepared and tested in an argon-atmosphere glove box to minimize the impact of moisture and oxygen. The reference electrode was prepared from a 25 mum-diameter, tin-coated copper wire; in situ lithiation produced a LixSn (x similar to 4.4) alloy that displayed a relatively stable voltage at room temperature. The impedance data obtained from these measurements were reproducible and self-consistent. Data from cells aged at 55 degreesC showed that the positive electrode impedance increase was the main contributor to cell impedance rise, especially during the first month of aging. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abraham@cmt.anl.gov RI Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 42 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 26 BP 4763 EP 4775 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.05.040 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 845RO UT WOS:000223262200026 ER PT J AU Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Agio, M AF Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Agio, M TI Losses and transmission in two-dimensional slab photonic crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; RADIATION LOSSES; LIGHT; WAVELENGTHS; PROPAGATION; DIFFRACTION; BENDS AB Using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, we present an extensive study of the losses in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals patterned in step-index waveguides. We examine the origin of these losses and their dependence on the various system parameters such as the filling ratio, the lattice constant, the shape of the holes, and the propagation direction. Furthermore, we examine the possibility of studying these losses using an approximate 2D model; the validity and limitations of such a model are discussed in detail. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis A Volta, INFM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kafesaki, M (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, POB 1527, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. EM kafesaki@iesl.forth.gr RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Agio, Mario/F-7366-2011; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012 OI Agio, Mario/0000-0003-3282-5982; Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 8 BP 4033 EP 4038 DI 10.1063/1.1790068 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 859OM UT WOS:000224277800001 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, JG TI Bounds on elastic constants for random polycrystals of laminates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE BULK MODULUS; VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOUR AB A well-known result due to Hill provides an exact expression for the bulk modulus of any multicomponent elastic composite whenever the constituents are isotropic and the shear modulus is uniform throughout. Although no precise analog of Hill's result is available for the opposite case of uniform bulk modulus and varying shear modulus, it is shown here that some similar statements can be made for shear behavior of random polycrystals composed of laminates of isotropic materials. In particular, the Hashin-Shtrikman-type bounds of Peselnick, Meister, and Watt for random polycrystals composed of hexagonal (transversely isotropic) grains are applied to the problem of polycrystals of laminates. An exact product formula relating the Reuss estimate of bulk modulus and an effective shear modulus (of laminated grains composing the system) to products of the eigenvalues for quasicompressional and quasiuniaxial shear eigenvectors also plays an important role in the analysis of the overall shear behavior of the random polycrystal. When the bulk modulus is uniform in such a system, the equations are shown to reduce to a simple form that depends prominently on the uniaxial shear eigenvalue-as expected from physical arguments concerning the importance of uniaxial shear in these systems. Applications of the analytical results presented here include benchmarking of numerical procedures used for studying elastic behavior of complex composites, and estimating coefficients needed in upscaled equations for elasticity and/or poroelasticity of heterogeneous systems. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman1@llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 8 BP 4281 EP 4287 DI 10.1063/1.1789277 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 859OM UT WOS:000224277800037 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Hawley, ME Cooke, DW Hundley, MF Thompson, JD Schulze, RK Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, LG Hawley, ME Cooke, DW Hundley, MF Thompson, JD Schulze, RK Nastasi, M TI Synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles by ion implantation and effects of postimplantation annealing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY-TRANSPORT; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICA GLASS; CO; PARTICLES; NI; NANOCLUSTERS AB A study of the synthesis of Co nanoparticles by ion implantation and the effects of postimplantation annealing was carried out. Silica was implanted with 35 keV Co+ ion beams to doses ranging from 8x10(15) to 1x10(17) atoms/cm(2). Nanoparticle size, distribution, and structure were ascertained via transmission electron microscopy measurements, which reveal the presence of spherical nanoparticles in both as-implanted and annealed samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show the chemical state of the nanoparticles in both as-implanted and annealed samples to be metallic. Temperature-dependent field-cooled and zero-field-cooled, susceptibility measurements indicated superparamagnetic behavior, which is analyzed by accounting for the size dispersion of the nanoparticles. Results showed that the magnetic properties of the specimen can be tailored by implantation conditions. Annealing in vacuum at 900 degreesC for up to 10 h leads to an increase of the average nanoparticle size and a broader size distribution. Mie scattering and magnetic force microscopy measurements provide evidence of a strong interaction among the nanoparticles in the annealed samples. The feasibility of obtaining small-dispersion size-controlled synthesis of Co nanoparticles at room temperature is illustrated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 49 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 8 BP 4444 EP 4450 DI 10.1063/1.1787143 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 859OM UT WOS:000224277800062 ER PT J AU Guslienko, KY Novosad, V AF Guslienko, KY Novosad, V TI Vortex state stability in soft magnetic cylindrical nanodots SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOMAIN; DISKS; DOTS AB The stability of the vortex magnetization state in circular cylindrical soft magnetic dots is calculated analytically and by micromagnetic simulations. For the cases considered the dot thickness is comparable to the material exchange length and dot radii are in the submicron range. The equation for the vortex magnetization distribution is analyzed taking exact account of the magnetostatic field inside dot. The limitations and applicability of a previously proposed "exchange-dominated" vortex ansatz are discussed. It is shown that for the transition from the vortex to perpendicular single-domain state the magnetization distribution changes continuously while retaining the axial symmetry. The zero-field critical line of the transition is calculated analytically as a function of dot size and is compared with micromagnetic simulations of the vortex magnetization profile. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Guslienko, KY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gusliyenko@anl.gov RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 NR 29 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 8 BP 4451 EP 4455 DI 10.1063/1.1793327 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 859OM UT WOS:000224277800063 ER PT J AU He, X DebRoy, T Fuerschbach, PW AF He, X DebRoy, T Fuerschbach, PW TI Composition change of stainless steel during microjoining with short laser pulse SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALLOYING ELEMENT VAPORIZATION; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; METAL COMPOSITION CHANGE; GAS TUNGSTEN ARCS; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLUID-FLOW; WELD POOL; GRAIN-GROWTH; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; CURRENT ISSUES AB Weld metal composition change in 200 mum deep, 304 stainless steel microjoints fabricated using millisecond long Nd-YAG laser pulses was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The variables studied were pulse duration and power density. After welding, concentrations of iron, manganese, chromium, and nickel were determined at various locations of the microjoint using the electron microprobe analysis. The temperature field was simulated as a function of time from a well-tested three-dimensional transient heat transfer and fluid flow model. Using the computed temperature fields, vaporization rates of various alloying elements resulting from both concentration and pressure driven transport of vapors and the resultant composition change of the alloy were calculated. The calculations showed that the vaporization took place mainly from a small region near the center of the beam-workpiece interaction zone, where the temperatures were very high. Furthermore, the alloying element vaporization was most pronounced toward the end of the pulse. After the laser spot welding, the concentrations of manganese and chromium in the weld pool decreased, whereas the concentrations of iron and nickel increased. The composition changes predicted by the model were in fair agreement with the corresponding experimental results for various conditions of microjoining with short duration pulses. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Joining & Coating Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP He, X (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM debroy@psu.edu RI DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 8 BP 4547 EP 4555 DI 10.1063/1.1785868 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 859OM UT WOS:000224277800077 ER PT J AU Ardavan, A Hayes, W Singleton, J Ardavan, H Fopma, J Halliday, D AF Ardavan, A Hayes, W Singleton, J Ardavan, H Fopma, J Halliday, D TI Experimental observation of nonspherically-decaying radiation from a rotating superluminal source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; POLARIZATION CURRENTS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; PULSES; GENERATION AB We describe the experimental implementation of a superluminal (i.e., faster than light in vacuo) polarization current distribution that both oscillates and undergoes centripetal acceleration. Theoretical treatments predict that the radiation emitted by each volume element of the superluminally moving distribution pattern will comprise a Cerenkov-like envelope with two sheets that meet along a cusp. Correspondingly, the emission from the experimental machine is found to be tightly beamed in both the azimuthal and polar directions. The beaming is frequency independent and has a sharply defined and unchanging geometry determined only by the speed and path of the moving distribution pattern, i.e., by the parameters governing the structure of the Cerenkov-like envelopes. In addition, over a restricted range of angles, we detect the presence of cusps in the emitted radiation. These, which are due to the focusing of wave fronts on a propagating space curve, result in the reception, during a short time period, of radiation emitted over a considerably longer period of (retarded) source time. The intensity of the radiation at these angles was observed to decline more slowly with increasing distance from the source than would the emission from a conventional antenna. The angular distribution of the emitted radiation and the properties associated with the cusps are in good quantitative agreement with theoretical models of superluminal sources once the effect of reflections from the earth's surface are taken into account. In particular, the prediction that the beaming and the slow decay should extend into the far zone has been tested to several hundred Fresnel distances (Rayleigh ranges). The excellent agreement between the theoretical calculations and the data suggests that the apparatus achieves precise and reproducible control of the polarization current and that similar machines could be of general interest for studying and utilizing the novel effects associated with superluminal electrodynamics. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Lab, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Ardavan, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 8 BP 4614 EP 4631 DI 10.1063/1.1787591 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 859OM UT WOS:000224277800085 ER PT J AU Wang, DJ Park, JS Chu, JSF Krakowski, A Luo, KX Chen, DJ Li, S AF Wang, DJ Park, JS Chu, JSF Krakowski, A Luo, KX Chen, DJ Li, S TI Proteomic profiling of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells upon transforming growth factor beta 1 stimulation SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR; TGF-BETA; IN-VIVO; ACTIN EXPRESSION; STROMAL CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION; TECHNOLOGIES; PROTEINS AB Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into different types of cells and have tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta) plays an important role in cell differentiation and vascular remodeling. We showed that TGF-beta induced cell morphology change and an increase in actin fibers in MSCs. To determine the global effects of TGF-beta on MSCs, we employed a proteomic strategy to analyze the effect of TGF-beta on the human MSC proteome. By using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and electrospray ionization coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometers, we have generated a proteome reference map of MSCs, and we identified similar to30 proteins with an increase or decrease in expression or phosphorylation in response to TGF-beta. The proteins regulated by TGF-beta included cytoskeletal proteins, matrix synthesis proteins, membrane proteins, metabolic enzymes, etc. TGF-beta increased the expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin and decreased the expression of gelsolin. Overexpression of gelsolin inhibited TGF-beta-induced assembly of smooth muscle alpha-actin; on the other hand, knocking down gelsolin expression enhanced the assembly of alpha-actin and actin filaments without significantly affecting alpha-actin expression. These results suggest that TGF-beta coordinates the increase of alpha-actin and the decrease of gelsolin to promote MSC differentiation. This study demonstrates that proteomic tools are valuable in studying stem cell differentiation and elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM djwang@lbl.gov; songli@socrates.berkeley.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL079419] NR 42 TC 166 Z9 184 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 42 BP 43725 EP 43734 DI 10.1074/jbc.M407368200 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 860YY UT WOS:000224383100047 PM 15302865 ER PT J AU Kim, S Beausejour, C Davalos, AR Kaminker, P Heo, SJ Campisi, J AF Kim, S Beausejour, C Davalos, AR Kaminker, P Heo, SJ Campisi, J TI TIN2 mediates functions of TRF2 at human telomeres SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-CELLS; BINDING PROTEIN; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; MAMMALIAN TELOMERES; FISSION YEAST; IN-VITRO; LENGTH; POT1; SENESCENCE; END AB Telomeres are protective structures at chromosome ends and are crucial for genomic stability. Mammalian TRF1 and TRF2 bind the double-stranded telomeric repeat sequence and in turn are bound by TIN2, TANK1, TANK2, and hRAP1. TRF1 is a negative regulator of telomere length in telomerase-positive cells, whereas TRF2 is important for telomere capping. TIN2 was identified as a TRF1-interacting protein that mediates TRF1 function. We show here that TIN2 also interacts with TRF2 in vitro and in yeast and mammalian cells. TIN2 mutants defective in binding of TRF1 or TRF2 induce a DNA damage response and destabilize TRF1 and TRF2 at telomeres in human cells. Our findings suggest that the functions of TRF1 and TRF2 are linked by TIN2. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JCAMPISI@LBL.GOV NR 39 TC 123 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 42 BP 43799 EP 43804 DI 10.1074/jbc.M408650200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 860YY UT WOS:000224383100055 PM 15292264 ER PT J AU Srinivas, S Jellinek, J AF Srinivas, S Jellinek, J TI Structural and electronic properties of small beryllium clusters: A theoretical study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LARGE BASIS-SETS; BINDING-ENERGIES; EXCHANGE; BE-2; GEOMETRIES; TRANSITION; MAGNESIUM; STABILITY AB Geometric structures and electronic properties of small beryllium clusters (Be-n, 2less than or equal tonless than or equal to9) are investigated within the gradient-corrected density functional theory. The computations are performed with the Becke exchange and Perdew-Wang correlation functionals. Both low and high multiplicity states are considered. A predominance of higher multiplicity states among the low-energy isomers of the larger clusters is found. An analysis of the variations in the structural and electronic properties with cluster size is presented, and the results are compared with those of earlier studies. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Srinivas, S (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 15 BP 7243 EP 7252 DI 10.1063/1.1791071 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 859MW UT WOS:000224269300025 PM 15473792 ER PT J AU Nee, MJ Osterwalder, A Neumark, DM Kaposta, C Uhalte, CC Xie, T Kaledin, A Bowman, JM Carter, S Asmis, KR AF Nee, MJ Osterwalder, A Neumark, DM Kaposta, C Uhalte, CC Xie, T Kaledin, A Bowman, JM Carter, S Asmis, KR TI Experimental and theoretical study of the infrared spectra of BrHI- and BrDI- SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CENTER-DOT-AR; HYDROGEN-BOND; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MATRIX-ISOLATION; ION-PAIRS; TRANSITION; CLUSTERS; ANIONS; PHOTODETACHMENT AB Gas phase vibrational spectra of BrHI- and BrDI- have been measured from 6 to 17 mum (590-1666 cm-1) using tunable infrared radiation from the free electron laser for infrared experiments in order to characterize the strong hydrogen bond in these species. BrHI-.Ar and BrDI-.Ar complexes were produced and mass selected, and the depletion of their signal due to vibrational predissociation was monitored as a function of photon energy. Additionally, BrHI- and BrDI- were dissociated into HBr (DBr) and I- via resonant infrared multiphoton dissociation. The spectra show numerous transitions, which had not been observed by previous matrix studies. New ab initio calculations of the potential-energy surface and the dipole moment are presented and are used in variational ro-vibrational calculations to assign the spectral features. These calculations highlight the importance of basis set in the simulation of heavy atoms such as iodine. Further, they demonstrate extensive mode mixing between the bend and the H-atom stretch modes in BrHI- and BrDI- due to Fermi resonances. These interactions result in major deviations from simple harmonic estimates of the vibrational energies. As a result of this new analysis, previous matrix-isolation spectra assignments are reevaluated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Reading, Dept Chem, Reading RG6 2AD, Berks, England. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Nee, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dan@radon.cchem.berkeley.edu; bowman@euch4e.chem.emory.edu; asmis@physik.fu-berlin.de RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Asmis, Knut/N-5408-2014; Osterwalder, Andreas/E-5460-2015; OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Asmis, Knut/0000-0001-6297-5856; Stanca-Kaposta, E. Cristina/0000-0002-9441-0494 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 15 BP 7259 EP 7268 DI 10.1063/1.1794671 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 859MW UT WOS:000224269300027 PM 15473794 ER PT J AU Luo, SN Swift, DC AF Luo, SN Swift, DC TI On asymmetry between superheating and supercooling in solid-liquid transitions: Landau models SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; MELT AB We investigated the asymmetry between superheating and supercooling in solid-liquid transitions using two Landau-type models for the first-order phase transitions, the Landau-Devonshire and Landau-de Gennes models. The Landau models reproduced the asymmetric behavior described by the classical nucleation theory. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-24 Plasma Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 15 BP 7387 EP 7389 DI 10.1063/1.1803534 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 859MW UT WOS:000224269300042 PM 15473809 ER PT J AU Tsige, M Grest, GS AF Tsige, M Grest, GS TI Interdiffusion of solvent into glassy polymer films: A molecular dynamics study SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CASE-II DIFFUSION; GRADIENT-DRIVEN DIFFUSION; PENETRANT DIFFUSION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; FICKIAN DIFFUSION; GAS-TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; WATER; SIZE; POLYPROPYLENE AB Large scale molecular dynamics and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation techniques are used to study the behavior of the interdiffusion of a solvent into an entangled polymer matrix as the state of the polymer changes from a melt to a glass. The weight gain by the polymer increases with time t as t(1/2) in agreement with Fickian diffusion for all cases studied, although the diffusivity is found to be strongly concentration dependent especially as one approaches the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The diffusivity as a function of solvent concentration determined using the one-dimensional Fick's model of the diffusion equation is compared to the diffusivity calculated using the Darken equation from simulations of equilibrated solvent-polymer solutions. The diffusivity calculated using these two different approaches are in good agreement. The behavior of the diffusivity strongly depends on the state of the polymer and is related to the shape of the solvent concentration profile.(C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tsige, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mtsige@sandia.gov; gsgrest@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 15 BP 7513 EP 7519 DI 10.1063/1.1797992 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 859MW UT WOS:000224269300060 PM 15473827 ER PT J AU Schindler, K Birn, J AF Schindler, K Birn, J TI MHD stability of magnetotail equilibria including a background pressure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE MHD stability; magnetotail; energy principle; three-dimensional modes ID THIN CURRENT SHEETS; SUBSTORM GROWTH-PHASE; BALLOONING INSTABILITY; PLASMA SHEET; EARTHS MAGNETOTAIL; MIDDISTANT MAGNETOTAIL; GEOTAIL OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY PRINCIPLE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TAIL AB [1] This paper deals with ideal-MHD stability of equilibrium configurations modeling the plasma sheet of the Earth's magnetotail. The approach exploits the fact that in the absence of a cross-tail magnetic field component, the MHD stability problem for two-dimensional (2-D) equilibria under general 3-D perturbations can be reduced to analyzing stability with respect to ballooning modes alone. The correspondingly specialized MHD energy principle is numerically minimized for three different equilibrium models. In all cases the stability of symmetric modes was governed by the interchange criterion based on entropy. A constant background pressure is included, which, even if small, can have a significant stabilizing effect. An analytical approach provides a set of rather simple stability criteria, which are consistent with the numerical minimization results. A main conclusion is that configurations with realistic tailward pressure profiles are found stable. For all three models the entropy criterion implies that stability transitions of the symmetric mode cannot occur during the adiabatic evolution of ideal-MHD tail configurations. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schindler, K (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM ks@tp4.ruhr-uni-bochum.de; jbirn.@lanl.gov NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A10 AR A10208 DI 10.1029/2004JA010537 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 863SC UT WOS:000224581300010 ER PT J AU Rao, CV Frenklach, M Arkin, AP AF Rao, CV Frenklach, M Arkin, AP TI An allosteric model for transmembrane signaling in bacterial chemotaxis SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemotaxis; allostery; receptor clustering; signal transduction; Monte Carlo ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COVALENT MODIFICATION; MEMBRANE-RECEPTORS; SENSORY RECEPTOR; LIGAND-BINDING; CHEMORECEPTOR; SENSITIVITY; TRANSDUCTION; ADAPTATION; COMPLEX AB Bacteria are able to sense chemical gradients over a wide range of concentrations. However, calculations based on the known number of receptors do not predict such a range unless receptors interact with one another in a cooperative manner. A number of recent experiments support the notion that this remarkable sensitivity in chemotaxis is mediated by localized interactions or crosstalk between neighboring receptors. A number of simple, elegant models have proposed mechanisms for signal integration within receptor clusters. What is a lacking is a model, based on known molecular mechanisms and our accumulated knowledge of chemotaxis, that integrates data from multiple, heterogeneous sources. To address this question, we propose an allosteric mechanism for transmembrane signaling in bacterial chernotaxis based on the "trimer of dimers" model, where three receptor dimers form a stable complex with CheW and CheA. The mechanism is used to integrate a diverse set of experimental data in a consistent framework. The main predictions are: (1) trimers of receptor dimers form the building blocks for the signaling complexes; (2) receptor methylation increases the stability of the active state and retards the inhibition arising from ligand-bound receptors within the signaling complex; (3) trimer of dimer receptor complexes aggregate into clusters through their mutual interactions with CheA and CheW; (4) cooperativity arises from neighboring interaction within these clusters; and (5) cluster size is determined by the concentration of receptors, CheA, and CheW. The model is able to explain a number of seemingly contradictory experiments in a consistent manner and, in the process, explain how bacteria are able to sense chemical gradients over a wide range of concentrations by demonstrating how signals are integrated within the signaling complex. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rao, CV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM c_rao@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931 NR 47 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 343 IS 2 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.046 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 860OC UT WOS:000224351900002 PM 15451661 ER PT J AU Devedjiev, Y Surendranath, Y Derewenda, U Gabrys, A Cooper, DR Zhang, RG Lezondra, L Joachimiak, A Derewenda, ZS AF Devedjiev, Y Surendranath, Y Derewenda, U Gabrys, A Cooper, DR Zhang, RG Lezondra, L Joachimiak, A Derewenda, ZS TI The structure and ligand binding properties of the B. subtilis YkoF gene product, a member of a novel family of thiamin/HMP-binding proteins SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein structure; macromolecular crystallography; surface engineering; thiamin/HMP binding; ACT/RAM domain family ID PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; FOLD RECOGNITION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; PROKARYOTES; REFINEMENT; CATALYSIS; ALIGNMENT; 3D-JURY; CLONING AB The crystal structure of the Bacillus subtilis YkoF gene product, a protein involved in the hydroxymethyl pyrimidine (HMP) salvage pathway, was solved by the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) method and refined with data extending to 1.65 Angstrom resolution. The atomic model of the protein shows a homodimeric association of two polypeptide chains, each containing an internal repeat of a ferredoxin-like betaalphabetabetaalphabeta fold, as seen in the ACT and RAM-domains. Each repeat shows a remarkable similarity to two members of the COG0011 domain family, the MTH1187 and YBL001c proteins, the crystal structures of which were recently solved by the Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium. Two YkoF monomers form a tightly associated dimer, in which the amino acid residues forming the interface are conserved among family members. A putative small-ligand binding site was located within each repeat in a position analogous to the serine-binding site of the ACT-domain of the Escherichia coli phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. Genetic data suggested that this could be a thiamin or HMP-binding site. Calorimetric data confirmed that YkoF binds two thiamin molecules with varying affinities and a thiamine-YkoF complex was obtained by co-crystallization. The atomic model of the complex was refined using data to 2.3 Angstrom resolution and revealed a unique H-bonding pattern that constitutes the molecular basis of specificity for the HMP moiety of thiamin. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Derewenda, ZS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. EM zsd4n@virginia.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM062414-02, GM62414, R01 GM062615, P50 GM062414, GM62615] NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 343 IS 2 BP 395 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.037 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 860OC UT WOS:000224351900009 PM 15451668 ER PT J AU Suzuya, K Itoh, K Kajinami, A Loong, CK AF Suzuya, K Itoh, K Kajinami, A Loong, CK TI The structure of binary zinc phosphate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids (PNCS) CY JUL 13-17, 2003 CL Univ Parma, Parma, ITALY HO Univ Parma ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; POLYPHOSPHATE GLASSES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; COORDINATION; NMR; XPS AB The structures of (ZnO)(x)(P2O5)(100-x) glasses, with x = 49.1-69.7, have been studied by spallation neutron diffraction and high-energy X-ray diffraction methods. For all glasses the average Zn-O coordination number NZn-O is around five (4.5-4.9) as distorted (4 + 1) environment. Although no abrupt change in NZn-O between the nearly meta- and orthophosphate compositions is observed, the mean value and distribution of Zn-O distances slightly increases with an increase in the ZnO content. The distorted five-coordinations of Zn-O may be regarded as the mixture of ZnO4 tetrahedra and ZnO5 polyhedra. The Zn cation plays a typical role as a network-modifier in the process of the depolymerization PO4 tetrahedral network on the one hand, and may act as a network-former for linking the ZnO4 and PO4 tetrahedra on the other hand. The presence of the two kinds of intermediate-range ordering corresponding to PO4 PO4 linkage and ZnO4-PO4 connections is revealed by application of the reverse Monte Carlo modeling of the neutron and X-ray diffraction data. The enhancement of density fluctuation about the size of a few nanometers in small-angle neutron scattering region (Q similar to 0.2 Angstrom(-1)) arisen at near 60 mol% ZnO suggests that there are diverse stages in the intermediate-range structure composed of PO4 and ZnO4 tetrahedra and ZnO5 polyhedra depending on the compositions. These results demonstrated that the phosphate glass anomaly and the peculiar property for zinc phosphate glasses such as a behavior of glass transition temperature T, should be understood in terms of not only the depolymerization of network composed Of PO4 tetrahedra but also the stability of the chemical ordering Of PO4 tetrahedra and ZnO, polyhedra. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Reactor, Kumatori, Osaka 5900494, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Suzuya, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM suzuya@popsvr.tokai.jaeri.go.jp RI Kajinami, Akihiko/H-2371-2016; Totsukawa, Nobuhisa/D-2028-2017 OI Kajinami, Akihiko/0000-0001-7878-6929; NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 345 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.07.047 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 877PT UT WOS:000225583200015 ER PT J AU Tan, KL Park, S Ellman, JA Bergman, RG AF Tan, KL Park, S Ellman, JA Bergman, RG TI Intermolecular coupling of alkenes to heterocycles via C-H bond activation SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-HYDROGEN BONDS; CATALYTIC ADDITION; CARBENE COMPLEXES; ANTI-MARKOVNIKOV; METAL-COMPLEXES; AROMATIC IMINES; RHODIUM; OLEFINS; ARYLATION; RUTHENIUM AB The intermolecular coupling of unactivated alkenes to a range of heterocycles using a Rh(I) catalyst was investigated. A variety of functional groups were incorporated into the alkene, including esters, nitriles, acetals, and phthalimide. Furthermore, the heterocycle tolerated substitution with both electron-rich and electron-deficient groups. The intermolecular coupling became possible after it was discovered that weak acids dramatically increase the rate of both the inter- and intramolecular reactions. An extensive optimization of additives was performed, and HCI.PCY3 (Cy = cyclohexyl) and HCI-P-t-Bu2Et were in general found to be the best additives for the reaction. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ellman, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jellman@uclink.berkeley.edu; bergman@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM069559] NR 50 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 69 IS 21 BP 7329 EP 7335 DI 10.1021/jo048666p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 862LJ UT WOS:000224492000048 PM 15471487 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, KO AF Rasmussen, KO TI Tunable nanopatterning by diblock copolymers in small confinements SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE block copolymers; mechanical properties; thin films ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; MONTE-CARLO; NANOSTRUCTURES; LITHOGRAPHY AB Here we study the effects of confinement on the self-assembly of diblock copolymers. Specifically, we study the hexagonal cylindrical phase as it self-assembles within a narrow confinement. We quantify the structural deformation of the cylindrical morphology that arises from the frustration that the narrow confinements exert on the system when the confinement width is incompatible with the lattice structure of the bulk mesophase. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rasmussen, KO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kor@lanl.gov RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 20 BP 3695 EP 3700 DI 10.1002/polb.20237 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 858TJ UT WOS:000224214400004 ER PT J AU Tang, F Anderson, IE Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, H AF Tang, F Anderson, IE Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, H TI Pure Al matrix composites produced by vacuum hot pressing: tensile properties and strengthening mechanisms SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; powder metallurgy; strengthening mechanisms ID REINFORCED ALUMINUM COMPOSITES; QUASI-CRYSTALLINE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE; FE; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; PARTICLES; DIAGRAM; POWDERS AB Al matrix composites reinforced by spherical intermetallic particles, were consolidated from gas atomized elemental Al and Al-Cu-Fe alloy fine powders (< 10 mum) by a vacuum hot pressing technique. The composites were made from two types of powders including commercial inert gas atomized powder (99.7%) and high purity powder (99.99%) produced by a gas atomization reaction synthesis technique. The microstructures and tensile properties of the composites with three different volume fractions of the reinforcement particles (15, 20 and 30 vol.%) were characterized. Microstructural analysis of the samples demonstrated that the quasicrystalline phase in the Al-Cu-Fe particles transformed to a crystalline omega phase, which has similar elastic modulus, CTE, and hardness properties, but a reduced density. All the composites appear to be fully dense, with strong interparticle bonding, and exhibit elastic modulus values approaching upper bound predictions by rule of mixtures. Tensile test results and neutron diffraction measurements allowed an assessment of the relative influence of direct and secondary composite strengthening mechanisms on the yield strength of this model composite system. The results suggest that for elemental Al matrix composite samples without precipitation strengthening and severe strain hardening during consolidation, the direct and relevant secondary strengthening mechanisms can be combined to predict accurately the yield strength increase of the composites. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NIST, Neutron Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM andersoni@ameslab.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 44 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 383 IS 2 BP 362 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.05.081 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 860IT UT WOS:000224336600022 ER PT J AU Walser, AD Demos, SG Etienne, M Dorsinville, R AF Walser, AD Demos, SG Etienne, M Dorsinville, R TI Nonlinear optical absorption in laser modified regions of fused silica substrates SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear; absorption; silica ID INDUCED DAMAGE; BREAKDOWN; GROWTH; SOLIDS AB The presence of strong nonlinear absorption has been observed in laser modified fused silica. Intensity-dependent transmission measurements using 355, 532 and 1064 nm laser pulses were performed in pristine polished regions in fused silica substrates and in locations that were exposed to dielectric breakdown. The experimental results suggest that multiphoton absorption is considerably stronger in the modified regions compared to pristine sites and is strongly dependent on the excitation wavelength. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. CUNY City Coll, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dorsinville, R (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, 140th St & Convent, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM dorsinville@ccny.cuny.edu NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 240 IS 4-6 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2004.06.037 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 859SZ UT WOS:000224289500021 ER PT J AU Meunier, V Lambin, P AF Meunier, V Lambin, P TI Scanning tunnelling microscopy of carbon nanotubes SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; STM images; STS spectra ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TIGHT-BINDING; Y-JUNCTIONS; STM IMAGES; SPECTROSCOPY; DEFECTS AB This paper briefly reviews how scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) are used to analyse the atomic structure and the electronic properties of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes. In this area, the progress accomplished over the past several years has been spectacular. As this paper demonstrates, all the effects predicted by theory have been verified experimentally. Geometrical and electronic effects specific to carbon nanotubes are illustrated by analysing a series of STM images and STS spectra computed using a tight-binding theory. The simulations include a catalogue of images of 27 single-wall nanotubes, Stone-Wales defects in semiconducting nanotubes, and a symmetric Y-junction. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, Phys Solide Lab, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. RP Meunier, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM meunierv@orln.gov RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Lambin, Philippe/0000-0001-8051-042X NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X EI 1471-2962 J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 362 IS 1823 BP 2187 EP 2203 DI 10.1098/rsta.2004.1435 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 863JO UT WOS:000224557900009 PM 15370477 ER PT J AU Ventura, AC Bruno, L Dawson, SP AF Ventura, AC Bruno, L Dawson, SP TI Probing a reduced equation for intracellular calcium dynamics SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Latin American Workshop[ on Nonlinear Phenomena CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 2003 CL Salvador, BRAZIL DE calcium dynamics; buffers; diffusion ID UNDERLYING CA2+ SPARKS; DIFFUSION AB Intracellular calcium plays a crucial role in many biological processes. Optical techniques provide a relatively non-invasive method by which calcium signals can be studied. However, obtaining quantitative information on the calcium currents that give rise to a particular image is not straightforward due to the presence of buffers and pumps that affect the calcium dynamics. We have recently developed a novel method to determine the calcium release fluxes that underlie a fluorescent image, which proved to be pretty accurate in both numerically and experimentally generated images (Ventura et al., to be published). The method assumes that a certain number of perturbative terms is enough to capture the way in which the various intracellular processes whose details are unknown affect calcium dynamics. In this paper we investigate the validity of this ansatz using numerical simulations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UBA, FCEN, Dept Fis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ventura, AC (reprint author), UBA, FCEN, Dept Fis, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon 1, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM alejandra@df.uba.ar OI Ponce Dawson, Silvina/0000-0001-6550-4267 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 342 IS 1-2 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2004.04.089 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 858UI UT WOS:000224217100041 ER PT J AU Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Wu, L Suenaga, M Venkataraman, K Maroni, VA AF Solovyov, VF Wiesmann, HJ Wu, L Suenaga, M Venkataraman, K Maroni, VA TI A new technique for the growth of epitaxial YBCO using spray pyrolysis SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE YBCO; coated conductors; barium fluoride process; spray pyrolysis ID POSTDEPOSITION REACTION PROCESS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; THIN-FILMS; TRIFLUOROACETATE PRECURSORS; SRTIO3; NUCLEATION; DEPOSITION; RABITS; SITU AB A new technique for the growth of epitaxial c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7 using spray pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure is described. The technique consists of three steps: the deposition of an oxide precursor by spray pyrolysis of a nitrate solution, fluorination of the oxide precursor in an atmosphere containing a fluorinated gas, and finally, growth of YBa2Cu3O7 by the conventional ex situ process. The microstructure of both the oxide and fluorinated precursor is described along with data on the rate of fluorination. We have routinely achieved critical currents of 0.5 MA/cm(2) for 1 mum thick films at 77 K in self-field. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Solovyov, VF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, 76 Cornell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM solov@bnl.gov RI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/A-7724-2009; OI Solovyov, Vyacheslav/0000-0003-1879-9802 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 415 IS 3 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2004.08.006 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 865UX UT WOS:000224730400007 ER PT J AU Cruz-Pacheco, G Levermore, CD Luce, BP AF Cruz-Pacheco, G Levermore, CD Luce, BP TI Complex Ginzburg-Landau equations as perturbations of nonlinear Schrodinger equations a Melnikov approach SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE quasiperiodic; homoclinic; Melnikov criteria ID CHAOS; DYNAMICS; WAVES AB We study the persistence of quasiperiodic and homoclinic solutions of generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations under Ginzburg-Landau perturbations. In this paper, the first of a series, Melnikov criteria for the persistence of quasiperiodic and homoclinic solutions are derived directly from the governing partial differential equations via an averaging technique. For families of tori of quasiperiodic solutions, such as rotating waves and traveling waves, that arise within critical sets of linear combinations of conserved functionals, we find that usually only isolated tori will satisfy these selection criteria. Moreover, in some simple cases these criteria are sufficient to conclude that a torus persists. We also demonstrate the nonpersistence of solutions that are homoclinic to rotating waves under a broad class of Ginzburg-Landau perturbations which satisfy a convexity condition. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, IIMAS, FENOMEC, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cruz-Pacheco, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, IIMAS, FENOMEC, A Postal 20-726, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM cruz@mym.iimas.unam.mx NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 197 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2004.07.012 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 861TK UT WOS:000224441300005 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahmed, SN Ahn, SH Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Askew, A Asman, B Autermann, C Avila, C Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baffioni, S Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Beaudette, F Begel, M Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besancon, M Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Binder, M Bischoff, A Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Bolton, TA Bonamy, P Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Boswell, C Brandt, A Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Butler, JM Bystricky, J Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Casey, D Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Chevalier, L Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clark, AR Clement, C Coadou, Y Colling, DJ Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Coss, J Cothenet, A Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cristetiu, M Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E De Oliveira Martins, C Dean, S Del Signore, K Deliot, F Delsart, PA Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, D Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fast, J Fatakia, SN Fein, D Feligioni, L Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Freeman, W Fu, S Fuess, S Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Gao, M Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gele, D Gelhaus, R Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Geurkov, G Ginther, G Goldmann, K Golling, T Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graham, G Grannis, PD Greder, S Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grinstein, S Grivaz, JF Groer, L Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Gu, W Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hall, I Hall, RE Han, C Han, L Hanagaki, K Hanlet, P Harder, K Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, C Hays, J Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Hou, S Hu, Y Huang, J Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jain, V Jakobs, K Jenkins, A Jesik, R Jiang, Y Johns, K Johnson, M Johnson, P Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Jostlein, H Juste, A Kado, MM Kafer, D Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, J Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kau, D Ke, Z Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Kim, KH Klima, B Klute, M Kohli, JM Kopal, M Korablev, V Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Koubarovsky, A Kouchner, A Kouznetsov, O Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuznetsov, VE Lager, S Lahrichi, N Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, SW Lee, WM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Li, X Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Lu, J Lubatti, HJ Lucotte, A Lueking, L Luo, C Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magnan, AM Maity, M Mal, PK Malik, S Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Maravin, Y Marshall, T Martens, M Martin, MI Mattingly, SEK Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McCroskey, R McMahon, T Meder, D Melanson, HL Melnitchouk, A Meng, X Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mitrevski, J Mokhov, N Molina, J Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Oguri, V Oliveira, N Olivier, B Oshima, N Garzon, GJOY Padley, P Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Park, J Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, O Petroff, P Petteni, M Phaf, L Piegaia, R Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pope, BG Popkov, E da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reay, NW Renardy, JF Reucroft, S Rha, J Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schukin, A Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Shabalina, E Shary, V Shephard, WD Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skow, D Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Song, Y Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sorin, V Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Stark, J Steele, J Steinbruck, G Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tentindo-Repond, S Thomas, E Thooris, B Tomoto, M Toole, T Torborg, J Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Trippe, TG Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, I Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Walker, R Wallace, N Wang, ZM Warchol, J Warsinsky, M Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wegner, M White, A White, V Whiteson, D Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wittlin, J Wlodek, T Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wu, Z Wyatt, TR Xu, Q Xuan, N Yamada, R Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zdrazil, M Zeitnitz, C Zhang, B Zhang, D Zhang, X Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zitoun, R Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, DL Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahmed, SN Ahn, SH Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Askew, A Asman, B Autermann, C Avila, C Babukhadia, L Bacon, TC Baden, A Baffioni, S Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Beaudette, F Begel, M Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bertram, I Besancon, M Besson, A Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Binder, M Bischoff, A Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Bolton, TA Bonamy, P Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Boswell, C Brandt, A Briskin, G Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Butler, JM Bystricky, J Canelli, F Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Casey, D Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Chevalier, L Cho, DK Choi, S Chopra, S Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clark, AR Clement, C Coadou, Y Colling, DJ Coney, L Connolly, B Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Coss, J Cothenet, A Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cristetiu, M Cummings, MAC Cutts, D da Motta, H Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E De Oliveira Martins, C Dean, S Del Signore, K Deliot, F Delsart, PA Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Eltzroth, JT Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Estrada, J Evans, D Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fast, J Fatakia, SN Fein, D Feligioni, L Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisk, HE Fleuret, F Fortner, M Fox, H Freeman, W Fu, S Fuess, S Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Gao, M Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gele, D Gelhaus, R Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Geurkov, G Ginther, G Goldmann, K Golling, T Gomez, B Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graham, G Grannis, PD Greder, S Green, JA Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grinstein, S Grivaz, JF Groer, L Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Gu, W Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hall, I Hall, RE Han, C Han, L Hanagaki, K Hanlet, P Harder, K Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, C Hays, J Hebert, C Hedin, D Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Hou, S Hu, Y Huang, J Huang, Y Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jain, V Jakobs, K Jenkins, A Jesik, R Jiang, Y Johns, K Johnson, M Johnson, P Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Jostlein, H Juste, A Kado, MM Kafer, D Kahl, W Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, J Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kau, D Ke, Z Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Kim, KH Klima, B Klute, M Kohli, JM Kopal, M Korablev, V Kotcher, J Kothari, B Kotwal, AV Koubarovsky, A Kouchner, A Kouznetsov, O Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kubantsev, M Kuleshov, S Kulik, Y Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuznetsov, VE Lager, S Lahrichi, N Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, SW Lee, WM Leflat, A Leggett, C Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Li, X Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Lu, J Lubatti, HJ Lucotte, A Lueking, L Luo, C Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magnan, AM Maity, M Mal, PK Malik, S Malyshev, VL Manankov, V Mao, HS Maravin, Y Marshall, T Martens, M Martin, MI Mattingly, SEK Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McCroskey, R McMahon, T Meder, D Melanson, HL Melnitchouk, A Meng, X Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Miao, C Miettinen, H Mihalcea, D Mishra, CS Mitrevski, J Mokhov, N Molina, J Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Moore, RW Mostafa, M Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Oguri, V Oliveira, N Olivier, B Oshima, N Garzon, GJOY Padley, P Papageorgiou, K Parashar, N Park, J Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, O Petroff, P Petteni, M Phaf, L Piegaia, R Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pope, BG Popkov, E da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Przybycien, MB Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reay, NW Renardy, JF Reucroft, S Rha, J Ridel, M Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Sabirov, BM Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schukin, A Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Shabalina, E Shary, V Shephard, WD Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skow, D Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Song, Y Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sorin, V Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Stanton, NR Stark, J Steele, J Steinbruck, G Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strovink, M Stutte, L Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Tentindo-Repond, S Thomas, E Thooris, B Tomoto, M Toole, T Torborg, J Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Trippe, TG Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, I Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vlimant, JR Von Toerne, E Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Walker, R Wallace, N Wang, ZM Warchol, J Warsinsky, M Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wegner, M White, A White, V Whiteson, D Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wittlin, J Wlodek, T Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wu, Z Wyatt, TR Xu, Q Xuan, N Yamada, R Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zdrazil, M Zeitnitz, C Zhang, B Zhang, D Zhang, X Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zheng, H Zhou, B Zhou, Z Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zitoun, R Zutshi, V Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA D0 Collaboration TI Observation and properties of the X(3872) decaying to J/psi pi(+)pi(-) in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID J/PSI AB We report the observation of the X(3872) in the J/psipi(+)pi(-) channel, with J/psi decaying to mu(+)mu(-), in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.96 TeV. Using approximately 230 pb(-1) of data collected with the Run II D0 detector, we observe 522+/-100 X(3872) candidates. The mass difference between the X(3872) state and the J/psi is measured to be 774.9+/-3.1(stat)+/-3.0(syst) MeV/c(2). We have investigated the production and decay characteristics of the X(3872) and find them to be similar to those of the psi(2S) state. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, CNRS, IN2P3, Grenoble, France. Univ Aix Marseille 2, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, LPNHE, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. CEA, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, Saclay, France. Univ Strasbourg, IReS, CNRS, IN2P3, Strasbourg, France. Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst A3, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul 136701, South Korea. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. FOM Inst NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 NR 12 TC 361 Z9 364 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 162002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.162002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300025 PM 15524981 ER PT J AU Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez-Velarde, F Alvarez-Pol, H Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Benlliure, J Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Cano-Ott, D Capote, R Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Colonna, N Cortes, G Cortina, D Couture, A Cox, J Dababneh, S Dahlfors, M David, S Dolfini, R Domingo-Pardo, C Duran, I Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Frais-Koelbl, H Furman, W Goncalves, I Gallino, R Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Griesmayer, E Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Isaev, S Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Kerveno, M Ketlerov, V Koehler, P Konovalov, V Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marrone, S Martinez-Val, J Mastinu, P Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Molina-Coballes, A Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Papaevangelou, T Paradela, C Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perlado, JM Perrot, L Pignatari, M Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Policarpo, A Pretel, C Quesada, J Raman, S Rapp, W Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Soares, JC Stephan, C Tagliente, G Tain, J Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Voss, F Wendler, H Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez-Velarde, F Alvarez-Pol, H Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Benlliure, J Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Cano-Ott, D Capote, R Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Colonna, N Cortes, G Cortina, D Couture, A Cox, J Dababneh, S Dahlfors, M David, S Dolfini, R Domingo-Pardo, C Duran, I Embid-Segura, M Ferrant, L Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Frais-Koelbl, H Furman, W Goncalves, I Gallino, R Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Griesmayer, E Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Isaev, S Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Kerveno, M Ketlerov, V Koehler, P Konovalov, V Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marrone, S Martinez-Val, J Mastinu, P Mengoni, A Milazzo, PM Molina-Coballes, A Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Papaevangelou, T Paradela, C Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perlado, JM Perrot, L Pignatari, M Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Policarpo, A Pretel, C Quesada, J Raman, S Rapp, W Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Soares, JC Stephan, C Tagliente, G Tain, J Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Voss, F Wendler, H Wiescher, M Wisshak, K CA n TOF Collaboration TI Neutron capture cross section measurement of Sm-151 at the CERN neutron time of flight facility (n_TOF) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; S-PROCESS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION AB The Sm-151(n,gamma)Sm-152 cross section has been measured at the spallation neutron facility n_TOF at CERN in the energy range from 1 eV to 1 MeV. The new facility combines excellent resolution in neutron time-of-flight, low repetition rates, and an unsurpassed instantaneous luminosity, resulting in rather favorable signal/background ratios. The Sm-151 cross section is of importance for characterizing neutron capture nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars. At a thermal energy of kT=30 keV the Maxwellian averaged cross section of this unstable isotope (t(1/2)=93 yr) was determined to be 3100+/-160 mb, significantly larger than theoretical predictions. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst Osterreich Univ, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Inst Isotopenforsch & Kernphys, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Fachhsch Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. CNRS, IN2P3, CNRS, IPN, Orsay, France. CNRS, IN2P3, IReS, Strasbourg, France. CEA Saclay, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. ENEA, Bologna, Italy. Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. CEC JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium. Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Coimbra, LIP Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna, Russia. Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Technol, Madrid, Spain. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain. Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Basel, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Inst Tecnol & Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal. Charles Univ Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, Bordeaux, France. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. Pole Univ Leonard de Vinci, Paris, France. Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Fis, Bologna, Italy. Sez INFN Bologna, Dipartmento Fis, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Sez INFN Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. RP Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Martinez-Val, Jose/D-3871-2013; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Benlliure, Jose/K-8407-2014; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Cortina-Gil, Dolores/H-9626-2015; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/K-5267-2014; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Papaevangelou, Thomas/G-2482-2016; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Dababneh, Saed/E-7281-2017; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012; OI Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Martinez-Val, Jose/0000-0002-6325-6981; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Benlliure, Jose/0000-0002-5114-1298; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Cortina-Gil, Dolores/0000-0001-7672-9912; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Papaevangelou, Thomas/0000-0003-2829-9158; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Dababneh, Saed/0000-0002-7376-1084; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038; Domingo-Pardo, Cesar/0000-0002-2915-5466; Marques, Rui/0000-0003-3549-8198 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 161103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.161103 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300016 PM 15524972 ER PT J AU Bass, SA Muller, B Srivastava, DK AF Bass, SA Muller, B Srivastava, DK TI Photon interferometry of Au plus Au collisions at the BNL relativistic heavy-ion collider SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; MATTER AB We calculate the two-body correlation function of direct photons produced in central Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. Our calculation includes contributions from the early preequilibrium phase in which photons are produced via hard parton scatterings as well as radiation of photons from a thermalized quark-gluon plasma and the subsequent expanding hadron gas. We find that high energy photon interferometry provides a faithful probe of the details of the space-time evolution and of the early reaction stages of the system. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. RP Bass, SA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. OI Bass, Steffen/0000-0002-9451-0954 NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 162301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.162301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300026 PM 15524982 ER PT J AU Chandross, M Webb, EB Stevens, MJ Grest, GS Garofalini, SH AF Chandross, M Webb, EB Stevens, MJ Grest, GS Garofalini, SH TI Systematic study of the effect of disorder on nanotribology of self-assembled monolayers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALKYLSILANE MONOLAYERS; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; FORCE-FIELD; FILMS; SIMULATION AB The adhesion and friction between pairs of ordered and disordered self-assembled monolayers on SiO2 are studied using molecular dynamics. The disorder is introduced by randomly removing chains from a well ordered crystalline substrate and by attaching chains to an amorphous substrate. The adhesion force between monolayers at a given separation increases monotonically with chain length at full coverage and with coverage for fixed chain length. Friction simulations are performed at shear velocities between 0.02-2 m/s at constant applied pressures between 200 and 600 MPa. Stick-slip motion is observed at full coverage but disappears with disorder. With random defects, the friction becomes insensitive to chain length, defect density, and substrate. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Chandross, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 166103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.166103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300052 PM 15525008 ER PT J AU Ling, WL Bartelt, NC Pohl, K de la Figuera, J Hwang, RQ McCarty, KF AF Ling, WL Bartelt, NC Pohl, K de la Figuera, J Hwang, RQ McCarty, KF TI Enhanced self-diffusion on Cu(111) by trace amounts of S: Chemical-reaction-limited kinetics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DECAY; PLATINUM; HYDROGEN; ISLANDS; SULFUR AB We find that less than 0.01 monolayer of S can enhance surface self-diffusion on Cu(111) by several orders of magnitude. The measured dependence of two-dimensional island decay rates on S coverage (theta(S)) is consistent with the proposal that Cu3S3 clusters are responsible for the enhancement. Unexpectedly, the decay and ripening are diffusion limited with very low and very high theta(S) but not for intermediate theta(S). To explain this result we propose that surface mass transport in the intermediate region is limited by the rate of reaction to form Cu3S3 clusters on the terraces. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ling, WL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI de la Figuera, Juan/E-7046-2010; McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Ling, Wai Li/F-9823-2012; Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 OI de la Figuera, Juan/0000-0002-7014-4777; McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; Ling, Wai Li/0000-0002-4264-5750; NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 166101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.166101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300050 PM 15525006 ER PT J AU Sharapov, SE Alper, B Fessey, J Hawkes, NC Young, NP Nazikian, R Kramer, GJ Borba, DN Hacquin, S De La Luna, E Pinches, SD Rapp, J Testa, D AF Sharapov, SE Alper, B Fessey, J Hawkes, NC Young, NP Nazikian, R Kramer, GJ Borba, DN Hacquin, S De La Luna, E Pinches, SD Rapp, J Testa, D CA JET-EFDA Contributors TI Monitoring Alfven cascades with interferometry on the JET Tokamak SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; MHD SPECTROSCOPY; TOROIDAL PLASMAS; REFLECTOMETRY; EIGENMODES; PROFILE; WAVES AB A microwave interferometry technique is applied for the first time for detecting a discrete spectrum of Alfven cascade (AC) eigenmodes excited with fast ions in reversed magnetic shear plasmas of the Joint European Torus. The interferometry measurements of plasma density perturbations associated with ACs show an unprecedented frequency and time resolution superior to that obtained with external magnetic coils. The measurements of ACs are used for monitoring the evolution of the safety factor and density of rational magnetic surfaces in the region of maximum plasma current. C1 UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EURATOM, IST, Ctr Fusao Nucl, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EURATOM, CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Madrid, Spain. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Sharapov, SE (reprint author), UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RI Borba, Duarte/K-6148-2015; OI Borba, Duarte/0000-0001-5305-2857; Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280 NR 19 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 165001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.165001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300039 PM 15524995 ER PT J AU Sharma, HR Fournee, V Shimoda, M Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Tsai, AP Yamamoto, A AF Sharma, HR Fournee, V Shimoda, M Ross, AR Lograsso, TA Tsai, AP Yamamoto, A TI Structure of the fivefold surface of the icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal: Experimental evidence of bulk truncations at larger interlayer spacings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PD-MN; DIFFRACTION; LEED AB Based on scanning tunneling microscopy of the fivefold surface of the icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal and the refined structure model of the isostructural i-Al-Pd-Mn, we present evidence that the surface corresponds to bulk truncations at the positions where blocks of atomic layers are separated by larger interlayer spacings (gaps). Both step-height distribution and high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images on terraces reveal bulk truncations at larger gaps. C1 Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, SORST, Tokyo, Japan. Ecole Mines, CNRS, UMR7584, LSG2M, F-54042 Nancy, France. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, SORST, Tokyo, Japan. EM hemraj.sharma@nims.go.jp RI Sharma, Hem /E-9936-2010 OI Sharma, Hem /0000-0003-0456-6258 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 165502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.165502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300045 PM 15525001 ER PT J AU Smith, DF Slichter, CP Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Daugherty, RG AF Smith, DF Slichter, CP Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Daugherty, RG TI Precise determination of the orientation of the Dzialoshinskii-Moriya vector in kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Cl SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; TRANSITION; LA2CUO4 AB A novel electron spin-reorientation transition is discovered by C-13 NMR in the quasi-two-dimensional organic antiferromagnet kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Cl. The spin reorientation occurs as an external field is swept through the orientation of the characteristic vector of the Dzialoshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction, thus providing a precise determination of the orientation of the DM vector. Such a spin reorientation could help to characterize the DM interaction in other antiferromagnetic systems. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DF (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dfsmith@uiuc.edu RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 167002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.167002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300065 PM 15525021 ER PT J AU Yashchuk, VV Granwehr, J Kimball, DF Rochester, SM Trabesinger, AH Urban, JT Budker, D Pines, A AF Yashchuk, VV Granwehr, J Kimball, DF Rochester, SM Trabesinger, AH Urban, JT Budker, D Pines, A TI Hyperpolarized xenon nuclear spins detected by optical atomic magnetometry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NMR; EXCHANGE; FIELDS; GAS; MRI AB We report the use of an atomic magnetometer based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light to detect nuclear magnetization of xenon gas. The magnetization of a spin-exchange-polarized xenon sample (1.7 cm(3) at a pressure of 5 bars, natural isotopic abundance, polarization 1%), prepared remotely to the detection apparatus, is measured with an atomic sensor. An average magnetic field of similar to10 nG induced by the xenon sample on the 10 cm diameter atomic sensor is detected with signal-to-noise ratio similar to10, limited by residual noise in the magnetic environment. The possibility of using modern atomic magnetometers as detectors of nuclear magnetic resonance and in magnetic resonance imaging is discussed. Atomic magnetometers appear to be ideally suited for emerging low-field and remote-detection magnetic resonance applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Chem Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yashchuk@socrates.berkeley.edu; joga@waugh.cchem.berkeley.edu; dfk@uclink4.berkeley.edu; simonkeys@yahoo.com; Andreas.Trabesinger@nmr.phys.chem.ethz.ch; jurban@OCF.Berkeley.EDU; budker@socrates.berkeley.edu; pines@berkeley.edu RI Trabesinger, Andreas/J-2008-2016 OI Trabesinger, Andreas/0000-0003-3078-8399 NR 22 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 160801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.160801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300012 PM 15524968 ER PT J AU Zhang, GP Callcott, TA Woods, GT Lin, L Sales, B Mandrus, D He, J AF Zhang, GP Callcott, TA Woods, GT Lin, L Sales, B Mandrus, D He, J TI Low-energy excitations in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering of alpha(')-NaV2O5 - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, GP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 16 AR 169702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.169702 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 863AT UT WOS:000224533300089 ER PT J AU Kung, J Li, BS Uchida, T Wang, YB Neuville, D Liebermann, RC AF Kung, J Li, BS Uchida, T Wang, YB Neuville, D Liebermann, RC TI In situ measurements of sound velocities and densities across the orthopyroxene -> high-pressure clinopyroxene transition in MgSiO3 at high pressure SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE pyroxene; elasticity; high pressure; elastic softening; unquenchable; phase transformation ID UPPER-MANTLE; CLINOENSTATITE TRANSITION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; X-RADIATION; ENSTATITE; ORTHOENSTATITE AB Using acoustic measurement interfaced with a large volume multi-anvil apparatus in conjunction with in situ X-radiation techniques, we are able to measure the density and elastic wave velocities (V-P and V-S) for both ortho- and high-pressure clino-MgSiO3 polymorphs in the same experimental run. The elastic bulk and shear moduli of the unquenchable high-pressure clinoenstatite phase were measured within its stability field for the first time. The measured density contrast associated with the phase transition OEN --> HP-CEN is 2.6-2.9% in the pressure of 7-9 GPa, and the corresponding velocity jumps are 3-4% for P waves and 5-6% for S waves. The elastic moduli of the HP-CEN phase are K-S = 156.7(8) GPa, G = 98.5(4) GPa and their pressure derivatives are K'(S) = 5.5 (3) and G' = 1.5(1) at a pressure of 6.5 GPa, room temperature. In addition, we observed anomalous elastic behavior in orthoenstatite at pressure above 9 GPa at room temperature. Both elastic wave velocities exhibited softening between 9 and 13-14 GPa, which we suggest is associated with a transition to a metastable phase intermediate between OEN and HP-CEN. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, GSECARS, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60439 USA. Inst Phys Globe, Lab Phys Geomat, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Kung, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jennifer.kung@sunysb.edu RI Li, Baosheng/C-1813-2013 NR 43 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 147 IS 1 BP 27 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2004.05.008 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 860IO UT WOS:000224336100002 ER PT J AU Knight, A Zhivotovsky, LA Kass, DH Litwin, DE Green, LD White, PS AF Knight, A Zhivotovsky, LA Kass, DH Litwin, DE Green, LD White, PS TI Richard Stone's news story "Buried, recovered, lost again? Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID ANCIENT DNA; REMAINS; IDENTIFICATION; ROMANOV; FAMILY C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Russian Acad Sci, NI Vavilov Gen Genet Res Inst, Moscow 117809, Russia. Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Knight, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Anthropol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5695 BP 409 EP 410 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 864IF UT WOS:000224626500019 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW AF Vasco, DW TI Estimation of flow properties using surface deformation and head data: A trajectory-based approach SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE characterization; deformation; head data; inversion; tilt data ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; HYDRAULIC FRACTURE; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; POROUS-MEDIA; INVERSION; FIELD; SUBSIDENCE; PRESSURE; SITE AB [1] A trajectory-based algorithm provides an efficient and robust means to infer flow properties from surface deformation and head data. The algorithm is based upon the concept of an "arrival time'' of a drawdown front, which is defined as the time corresponding to the maximum slope of the drawdown curve. The technique involves three steps: the inference of head changes as a function of position and time, the use of the estimated head changes to define arrival times, and the inversion of the arrival times for flow properties. Trajectories, computed from the output of a numerical simulator, are used to relate the drawdown arrival times to flow properties. The inversion algorithm is iterative, requiring one reservoir simulation for each iteration. The method is applied to data from a set of 14 tiltmeters, located at the Raymond Quarry field site in California. Using the technique, I am able to image a high-conductivity channel which extends to the south of the pumping well. The presence of this permeable pathway is supported by an analysis of earlier cross-well transient pressure test data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 90,1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwvasco@lbl.gov RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT 15 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 10 AR W10104 DI 10.1029/2004WR003272 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 863ST UT WOS:000224583000001 ER PT J AU Schembri, P Crane, DL Reddy, JN AF Schembri, P Crane, DL Reddy, JN TI A three-dimensional computational procedure for reproducing meshless methods and the finite element method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE meshless methods; nearest neighbour; natural neighbour; finite element; parallel computing ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; ESSENTIAL BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; GALERKIN METHODS; IMPLEMENTATION; APPROXIMATION; MECHANICS; PARTITION AB A flexible computational procedure for solving 3D linear elastic structural mechanics problems is presented that currently uses three forms of approximation function (natural neighbour, moving least squares-using a new nearest neighbour weight function-and Lagrange polynomial) and three types of integration grids to reproduce the natural element method and the finite element method. The addition of more approximation functions, which is not difficult given the structure of the code, will allow reproduction of other popular meshless methods. Results are presented that demonstrate the ability of the first-order meshless approximations to capture solutions more accurately than first-order finite elements. Also, the quality of integration for the three types of integration grids is compared. The concept of a region is introduced, which allows the splitting of a domain into different sections, each with its own type of approximation function and spatial integration scheme. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Mech, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reddy, JN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Engn Mech, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM p_schembri@hotmail.com; jnreddy@shakti.tamu.edu RI Reddy, Junuthula/D-7737-2013 OI Reddy, Junuthula/0000-0002-9739-1639 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 896 EP 927 DI 10.1002/nme.1095 PG 32 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 858AD UT WOS:000224161500006 ER PT J AU Yu, HG Muckerman, JT AF Yu, HG Muckerman, JT TI MRCI calculations of the lowest potential energy surface for CH3OH and direct ab initio dynamics simulations of the O(D-1)+CH4 reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID (2)PI)+CH3(X (2)A(2)'') REACTION; VIBRATIONAL DISTRIBUTION; TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; O((1)D)+CH4 REACTION; COLLISION ENERGY; BARRIER HEIGHTS; O(1D2); HYDROCARBONS; H2O; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The stationary point geometries and frequencies on the lowest singlet potential energy surface for the CH3OH system are calculated using the complete-active-space self-consistent-field method. The energetics are refined using a restricted internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) method at the complete basis set (CBS) limit. The CBS energy is extrapolated using the scheme of Halkier et al. with two large basis sets: aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ. The implications of our calculated results concerning the O(D-1) + CH4 and OH + CH3 reactions are discussed. In addition, the O(D-1) + CH4 reaction at a collision energy of 6.8 kcal/mol is investigated using a variant of the "scaling all correlation" (SAC) method of Truhlar et al. and the coupled-cluster double-excitation (CCD) method in a direct dynamics study with a D95(d,p) basis set. The results show that the O(D-1) + CH4 - OH + CH3 reaction occurs both via direct and long-lived intermediate pathways. The differential cross section for the direct reaction to form OH is forward peaked with a nearly isotropic background. Finally, the branching fractions for OH, H, H-2, and H2O are predicted to be 0.725:0.186:0.025:0.064. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Muckerman, JT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov; muckerma@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 NR 47 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 41 BP 8615 EP 8623 DI 10.1021/jp049642p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 860NF UT WOS:000224349600007 ER PT J AU Zhang, XB Zou, SL Harding, LB Bowman, JM AF Zhang, XB Zou, SL Harding, LB Bowman, JM TI A global ab initio potential energy surface for formaldehyde SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; GROUND-STATE; H2CO; DYNAMICS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; H2CO->H-2+CO; THRESHOLD; LEVEL AB We report a global potential energy surface for formaldehyde. The surface is a combination of six local fits joined smoothly by five switching functions. The fits are to roughly 80000 CCSD(T)/aug-cc-PVTZ and 53000 MR-CI/aug-cc-PVTZ calculations of electronic energies. The surface describes the H2CO minimum, the cis and trans HCOH isomers, the molecular channel, H-2+CO, and the radical channel, H+HCO. The properties of the potential are evaluated by analyzing the properties of the six stationary points, one-dimensional cuts, and contour plots of the fit. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bowman, JM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM bowman@euch4e.chem.emory.edu NR 32 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 41 BP 8980 EP 8986 DI 10.1021/jp048339l PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 860NF UT WOS:000224349600048 ER PT J AU Vijay, A Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK AF Vijay, A Kouri, DJ Hoffman, DK TI Scattering and bound states: A Lorentzian function-based spectral filter approach SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM REACTIVE SCATTERING; DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; CUMULATIVE REACTION PROBABILITY; LIPPMANN-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; LONG PROPAGATION TIMES; CORRELATION-FUNCTION FORMULATION; APPROXIMATING FUNCTION-APPROACH; DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; CROSS-CORRELATION FUNCTIONS; CHEMICAL-REACTION DYNAMICS AB We present a Lorentzian function-based spectral filter method for computing the elements of the quantum scattering matrix (S-matrix) and molecular bound-state spectra. For computing bound-state eigenvalues in a predefined energy window, we use the Lorentzian function within the filter diagonalization framework. From the spectral filter point of view, we find that the formal theoretical structure for computing the S-matrix is the same as those of overlap and Hamiltonian matrix elements necessary for filter diagonalization, and hence, the same computational protocol can be utilized for scattering as well as bound-state studies. Furthermore, we argue that the appropriate scattering boundary conditions can be accurately built while preparing the initial wave packets. For numerical implementation, we have utilized the Lorentzian filter in two complementary series forms: (1) using Chebyshev polynomials with the Hamiltonian as its argument, which is useful for a fully quantum mechanical study; and (2) in terms of a discrete set of short-time quantum propagators, which can additionally be extended to approximate dynamical regimes. The computation of matrix elements for a filter diagonalization application and the scattering matrix requires a product of a series representation of two filter operators for which we have been able to perform a partial resummation of both the series analytically, giving thereby a very compact and rapidly convergent expression. The exponential damping term associated with the Lorentzian filter is very useful for controlling the convergence and removing unwanted features from the computed spectrum. As is true of previous discrete time expansion of the spectral density operator, the present formalism can also be utilized for inverting discrete time signals obtained from various experiments. We illustrate the validity of the present approach by test calculations on a model one-dimensional quantum scattering problem. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kouri, DJ (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Univ Pk, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM kouri@uh.edu NR 124 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 41 BP 8987 EP 9003 DI 10.1021/jp040356n PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 860NF UT WOS:000224349600049 ER PT J AU Woodworth, J Bowman, MK Larsen, SC AF Woodworth, J Bowman, MK Larsen, SC TI Two-dimensional pulsed EPR studies of vanadium-exchanged ZSM-5 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-ECHO; ENVELOPE MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE DEHYDRATASE; FUNCTIONAL THEORY CALCULATIONS; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ADSORBATE INTERACTIONS; HYSCORE SPECTROSCOPY; PARTIAL OXIDATION; DFT CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-SIEVE AB The pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique of hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy (HYSCORE) was used to obtain structural information about vanadium(VO2+)-exchanged ZSM-5. HYSCORE spectra were obtained for vanadium-exchanged ZSM-5 before and after dehydration and after the adsorption of ammonia. For the hydrated samples, proton hyperfine coupling constants were measured and assigned to equatorial water ligands with orientations perpendicular and parallel to the equatorial plane. Nitrogen hyperfine coupling constants for adsorbed ammonia were also determined from the HYSCORE spectra. The results were compared with previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations of hyperfine coupling constants for vanadyl model complexes. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99325 USA. RP Larsen, SC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM sarah-larsen@uiowa.edu RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 41 BP 16128 EP 16134 DI 10.1021/jp046585r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 860NB UT WOS:000224349200022 ER PT J AU Minami, T Reinhold, CO Schultz, DR Pindzola, MS AF Minami, T Reinhold, CO Schultz, DR Pindzola, MS TI Coherence parameters for charge transfer in collisions of protons with helium calculated using a hybrid numerical approach SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; INTERMEDIATE-ENERGY COLLISIONS; ION-ATOM COLLISIONS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; DENSITY-MATRICES; HYDROGEN COLLISIONS; IONIZATION; H(N; HE; SCATTERING AB We propose a method to describe charge transfer in ion-atom collisions that hybridizes the lattice, time-dependent Schrodinger equation (LTDSE) approach with the atomic-orbital coupled-channel technique. This method takes advantage of the completeness of the treatment of the collision problem through the LTDSE approach within a relatively small space around the distance of closest approach during the collision. It then extends the solution into the asymptotic regime through the less computationally intensive continuation of the time evolution of the electronic states under consideration utilizing a small, external coupled-channels expansion. This method is employed to calculate coherence parameters of an electron captured into the n = 2 shell of hydrogen in H++He collisions to illustrate its effectiveness. The results show excellent agreement with experimental measurements and constitute improvements over various existing theoretical treatments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Minami, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tminami@ornl.gov OI Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 19 BP 4025 EP 4036 AR PII S0953-4075(04)83817-3 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/37/19/018 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 866XU UT WOS:000224807500018 ER PT J AU Kwon, Y Welsh, K Mitchell, AR Camarero, JA AF Kwon, Y Welsh, K Mitchell, AR Camarero, JA TI Preparation of peptide p-nitroanilides using an aryl hydrazine resin SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; OXIDATION; LINKER; LABILE; PEPTIDE-4-NITROANILIDES AB (GRAPHICS) Peptide p-nitroanilides are useful compounds for studying protease activity; however, the poor nucleophilicity of p-nitroaniline makes their preparation difficult. We describe a new efficient approach for the Fmoc-based synthesis of peptide p-nitroanilides using an aryl hydrazine resin. Mild oxidation of the peptide hydrazide resin yields a highly reactive acyl diazene that efficiently reacts with weak nucleophiles. We have prepared several peptide p-nitroanilides, including substrates for the Lethal Factor protease from B. anthracis. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Camarero, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Sci Div, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM camarero1@llnl.gov RI Camarero, Julio/A-9628-2015 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 6 IS 21 BP 3801 EP 3804 DI 10.1021/ol048417n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 860NA UT WOS:000224349100038 PM 15469353 ER PT J AU Ljubicic, A Kekez, D Krecak, Z Ljubicic, T AF Ljubicic, A Kekez, D Krecak, Z Ljubicic, T TI Search for hadronic axions using axioelectric effect SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE hadronic axions search; solar axions; axioelectric effect ID SOLAR AXIONS; MATTER; WINDOW; FE-57 AB We made a search for hadronic axions which could be emitted from the Sun in M1 transitions between the first 14.4 keV thermally excited and the ground state in (57)Fe, and absorbed in the HPGe detector by axioelectric effect. An upper limit on hadronic axion mass of 400 eV is obtained at the 95% confidence level. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10001, Croatia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ljubicic, A (reprint author), Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb 10001, Croatia. EM kekez@lei.irb.hr NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 599 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.038 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 858UN UT WOS:000224217600002 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hillert, S Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, R Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Walsh, R Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, R Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Grijpink, S Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowal, M Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Chiochia, V Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Hillert, S Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Polini, A Raval, A Schneekloth, U Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, R Gliga, S Lainesse, J Padhi, S Stairs, DG Walsh, R Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, R Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Grijpink, S Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Heusch, C Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Lightwood, MS Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Fourletov, S Hartner, G Menary, S Soares, M Standage, J TI Measurement of beauty production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; CARLO GENERATOR CASCADE; BOTTOM-QUARK PRODUCTION; ROOT S=1.8 TEV; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; HEAVY QUARKS; ZEUS BARREL; B-MESONS AB The beauty production cross section for deep inelastic scattering events with at least one hard jet in the Breit frame together with a union has been measured, for photon virtualities Q(2) > 2 GeV2, with the ZEUS detector at HERA using integrated luminosity of 72 pb(-1) The total visible cross section is sigma(bb)- (ep --> e jet muX) = 40.9 +/- 5.7 (stat.) (+6.0)(-4.4) (syst) pb. The next-to- leading order QCD prediction lies about 2.5 standard deviations below the data. The differential cross sections are in general consistent with the NLO QCD predictions; however at low values of Q(2), Bjorken x, and muon transverse momentum, and high values of jet transverse energy and muon pseudorapidity, the prediction is about two standard deviations below the data. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QW, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Beiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rik.yoshida@desy.de RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gliga, Sebastian/K-4019-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gliga, Sebastian/0000-0003-1729-1070; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622 NR 64 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 599 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.048 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 858UN UT WOS:000224217600005 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Ammosov, VV Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Balin, D Baturin, V Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Borysenko, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Chen, T Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R Demey, M De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Frullani, S Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Garutti, E Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Greeniaus, LG Gregor, IM Griffioen, KA Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Krauss, B Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lapikas, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Linden-Levy, LA Lipka, K Lorenzon, W Lu, H Lu, J Lu, S Ma, BQ Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Mao, Y Marianski, B Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Osborne, A Pickert, N Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Rubin, J Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Schafer, A Schill, C Schnell, G Schuler, KP Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shanidze, R Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Sinram, K Sommer, W Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stinzing, F Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Tkabladze, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, P van der Steenhoven, G van Haarlem, Y Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Vogel, C Vogt, M Volmer, J Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Smit, GY Ye, Y Ye, Z Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zupranski, P AF Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Amarian, M Ammosov, VV Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Bailey, P Balin, D Baturin, V Beckmann, M Belostotski, S Bernreuther, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Borissov, A Borysenko, A Bouwhuis, M Brack, J Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capitani, GP Chen, T Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF De Leo, R Demey, M De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Devitsin, E Di Nezza, P Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Fechtchenko, A Felawka, L Frullani, S Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Garrow, K Garutti, E Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Graw, G Grebeniouk, O Greeniaus, LG Gregor, IM Griffioen, KA Hafidi, K Hartig, M Hasch, D Heesbeen, D Henoch, M Hertenberger, R Hesselink, WHA Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Iarygin, G Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Krauss, B Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lapikas, L Laziev, A Lenisa, P Liebing, P Linden-Levy, LA Lipka, K Lorenzon, W Lu, H Lu, J Lu, S Ma, BQ Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Mao, Y Marianski, B Marukyan, H Masoli, F Mexner, V Meyners, N Mikloukho, O Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Oganessyan, K Ohsuga, H Osborne, A Pickert, N Potashov, S Potterveld, DH Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Rubin, J Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Savin, I Schafer, A Schill, C Schnell, G Schuler, KP Seele, J Seidl, R Seitz, B Shanidze, R Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Sinram, K Sommer, W Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, E Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stinzing, F Tait, P Tanaka, H Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Tkabladze, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, P van der Steenhoven, G van Haarlem, Y Vetterli, MC Vikhrov, V Vincter, MG Vogel, C Vogt, M Volmer, J Weiskopf, C Wendland, J Wilbert, J Smit, GY Ye, Y Ye, Z Yen, S Zihlmann, B Zupranski, P TI Hard exclusive electroproduction of pi(+)pi(-) pairs SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; DENSITY MATRIX; P(0) MESONS; 2 PIONS; SCATTERING; QCD AB Hard exclusive electroproduction of pi(+) pi(-) pairs off hydrogen and deuterium targets has been studied by the HERMES experiment at DESY Legendre moments (P-1) and (P-3) of the angular distributions of pi(+) mesons in the center-of-mass frame of the pair have been measured for the first time. Their dependence on the pi(+) pi(-) invariant mass can be understood as being due to the interference between relative P-wave (isovector) and S-, D-wave (isoscalar) states of the two pions. The increase in magnitude of (P-1) as Bjorken x increases is interpreted in the framework of generalized parton distributions as an enhancement of flavour non-singlet qq exchange for larger values of x, which leads to a sizable admixture of isoscalar and isovector pion pairs. In addition, the interference between P-wave and D-wave states separately for transverse and longitudinal pion pairs has been studied. The data indicate that in the f(2)(1270) region at = 3 GeV2 higher-twist effects can be as large as the leading-twist longitudinal component. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Anhua 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Colorado, Phys Nucl Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. State Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00689 Warsaw, Poland. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Aschenauer, EC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM elke@hermes.le.desy.de RI Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Negodaev, Mikhail/A-7026-2014; El Alaoui, Ahmed/B-4638-2015; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015; OI Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 599 IS 3-4 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.059 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 858UN UT WOS:000224217600008 ER PT J AU Albright, CH AF Albright, CH TI Normal vs. inverted hierarchy in type I seesaw models SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS; SYMMETRIC TEXTURE; FERMION MASSES; OSCILLATIONS; UNIFICATION; VIOLATION; MIXINGS; ANGLES AB We demonstrate that, for every grand unified model based on a conventional type 1 seesaw mechanism leading to a normal light neutrino mass hierarchy, one can easily generate a corresponding model with an inverted hierarchy which yields the same neutrino oscillation parameters. However, the latter type model has several unattractive instabilities which will disfavor any grand unified type 1 seesaw model, if an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy is observed experimentally. This should be contrasted with the softly-broken L-e-L-mu-L-tau flavor symmetry models which are eliminated, if the data favors a normal mass hierarchy. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Albright, CH (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM albright@fnal.gov OI Albright, Carl/0000-0002-2252-6359 NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 14 PY 2004 VL 599 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.050 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 858UN UT WOS:000224217600017 ER PT J AU Scovazzo, P Camper, D Kieft, J Poshusta, J Koval, C Noble, R AF Scovazzo, P Camper, D Kieft, J Poshusta, J Koval, C Noble, R TI Regular solution theory and CO2 gas solubility in room-temperature ionic liquids SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MOLTEN-SALTS; PRESSURE; MEMBRANES; ANION AB This paper explores the arguments for using solubility parameters and the regular solution theory for modeling gas solubilities in five different room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) at low partial pressures (<1 atm) and low mole fractions (<0.1). The experimentally measured and reported carbon dioxide (CO2) solubilities at low mole fractions (<0.05) suggest positive deviations from Raoult's law for CO2/RTIL solutions. These CO2 solubility deviations from Raoult's law indicate that CO2/RTIL complexations are not the sole controlling factor in relative CO2 solubilities. The RTILs' energies of vaporization and molar volumes appear to be factors in determining relative CO2 solubilities between RTILs. The energies of vaporization for the RTILs were empirically estimated from their melting points. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Scovazzo, P (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. EM scovazzo@olemiss.edu NR 25 TC 197 Z9 207 U1 4 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 21 BP 6855 EP 6860 DI 10.1021/ie049601f PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 861CJ UT WOS:000224393400025 ER PT J AU Heffner, RH MacLaughlin, DE Nieuwenhuys, GJ Sonier, JE AF Heffner, RH MacLaughlin, DE Nieuwenhuys, GJ Sonier, JE TI The origin of multiple spin-relaxation channels below the metal-insulator transition in ferromagnetic colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TO-POLARON CROSSOVER; PHASE-SEPARATION; DOUBLE EXCHANGE; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; CHARGE; LA0.85SR0.15MNO3; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; LA1-XCAXMNO3; JUNCTIONS; CRYSTALS AB We report a series of measurements in (La, Ca, Pr)MnO3 compounds which show that ferromagnetic (FM) CMR compounds develop two Mn-ion spin-lattice relaxation channels as the materials are cooled below their insulator-to-metal transition temperature T-MI. This result is in contrast to conventional FMs and is attributed to the presence of both insulating and conducting FM regions below T-MI which coexist on a microscopic scale. The coexistence of different phases is found in both polycrystalline and single-crystalline materials, though the single crystal exhibits a narrower temperature region of phase coexistence below its FM critical temperature T-C. Possible differences between crystalline and granular materials which could give rise to these findings are discussed. These results could have important implications for the use of CMR materials in spintronics devices, which rely on conducting surfaces in thin film multilayers below T-C. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden, Netherlands. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Heffner, RH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 40 SI SI BP S4541 EP S4562 AR PII S953-8984(04)84323-6 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/40/008 PG 22 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866YO UT WOS:000224809500009 ER PT J AU MacLaughlin, DE Heffner, RH Bernal, OO Ishida, K Sonier, JE Nieuwenhuys, GJ Maple, MB Stewart, GR AF MacLaughlin, DE Heffner, RH Bernal, OO Ishida, K Sonier, JE Nieuwenhuys, GJ Maple, MB Stewart, GR TI Disorder, inhomogeneity and span dynamics in f-electron non-Fermi liquid systems SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MUON-SPIN-RELAXATION; KONDO DISORDER; IMPURITY SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR; UCU5-XPDX; METALS; SR; YBRH2SI2; FIELD AB Muon spin rotation and relaxation (muSR) experiments have yielded evidence that structural disorder is an important factor in many f-electron-based non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) systems. Disorder-driven mechanisms for NFL behaviour are suggested by the observed broad and strongly temperature-dependent muSR (and NMR) linewidths in several NFL compounds and alloys. Local disorder-driven theories (Kondo disorder, Griffiths-McCoy singularity) are, however, not capable of describing the time-field scaling seen in muon spin relaxation experiments, which suggest cooperative and critical spin fluctuations rather than a distribution of local fluctuation rates. A strong empirical correlation is established between electronic disorder and slow spin fluctuations in NFL materials. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-5400 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, IPAPS, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP MacLaughlin, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 61 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 40 SI SI BP S4479 EP S4498 AR PII S0953-8984(04)84717-9 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/40/005 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866YO UT WOS:000224809500006 ER PT J AU Heffner, RH Nagamine, K AF Heffner, RH Nagamine, K TI Preface - Special issue on mu SR: muon spin rotation, relaxation or resonance SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. KEK, MSL, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Heffner, RH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 40 SI SI PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866YO UT WOS:000224809500001 ER PT J AU Li, ZJ Del Cul, GD Yan, WF Liang, CD Dai, S AF Li, ZJ Del Cul, GD Yan, WF Liang, CD Dai, S TI Fluorinated carbon with ordered mesoporous structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NANOPOROUS CARBON; GRAPHITE FLUORIDES; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; PROPERTY CONTROL; TEMPLATES; SILICAS; ARRAYS; PITCH C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 24 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 6 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 40 BP 12782 EP 12783 DI 10.1021/ja046589+ PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 860QI UT WOS:000224357700036 PM 15469266 ER PT J AU Yung, CM Skaddan, MB Bergman, RG AF Yung, CM Skaddan, MB Bergman, RG TI Stoichiometric and catalytic H/D incorporation by cationic iridium complexes: A common monohydrido-iridium intermediate SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID H BOND ACTIVATION; HYDROGEN ISOTOPE-EXCHANGE; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HYDRIDE COMPLEXES; OXIDATIVE ADDITION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; METAL-COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION; HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTION AB A mechanistic study of the stoichiometric and catalytic H/D exchange reactions involving cationic iridium complexes is presented. Strong evidence suggests that both stoichiometric and catalytic reactions proceed via a monohydrido-iridium species. Stoichiometric deuterium incorporation reactions introduce multiple deuterium atoms into the organic products when aryliridium compounds Cp*PMe3Ir(C6H4X)(OTf) (X = H, o-CH3, m-CH3, p-CH3) react with D-2. Multiple deuteration occurs at the unhindered positions (para and meta) of toluene, when X = CH3. The multiple-deuteration pathway is suppressed in the presence of an excess of the coordinating ligand, CH3CN. The compound Cp*PMe3\rH(OTf) (1-OTf) is observed in low-temperature, stoichiometric experiments to support a monohydrido-iridium intermediate that is responsible for catalyzing multiple deuteration in the stoichiometric system. When paired with acetone-d(6), [Cp*PMe3IrH3][OTf] (4) catalytically deuterates a wide range of substrates with a variety of functional groups. Catalyst 4 decomposes to [Cp*PMe3Ir(eta(3)-CH2C(OH)CH2)][OTf] (19) in acetone and to [Cp*PMe3IrH(CO)]-[OTf] (1-CO) in CH3OH. The catalytic H/D exchange reaction is not catalyzed by simple H+ transfer, but instead proceeds by a reversible C-H bond activation mechanism. C1 Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Skaddan, MB (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Global Res & Dev, 301 Henrietta St, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. EM marc.b.skaddan@pfizer.com; bergman@cchem.berkeley.edu NR 69 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 40 BP 13033 EP 13043 DI 10.1021/ja046825g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 860QI UT WOS:000224357700072 PM 15469302 ER PT J AU Skutnik, JM Assink, RA Celina, M AF Skutnik, JM Assink, RA Celina, M TI High-sensitivity chemical derivatization NMR analysis for condition monitoring of aged elastomers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE derivatization; elastomers; degradation ID SOLVENT-SWELLED SAMPLES; DEGRADATION; RELAXATION; EXTRAPOLATION; ARRHENIUS AB An aged polybutadiene-based elastomer was reacted with trifluoroacefic anhydride (TFAA) and subsequently analyzed via F-19 NMR spectroscopy. Derivatization between the TFAA and hydroxyl functionalities produced during thermo-oxidative aging was achieved, resulting in the formation of trifluoroester groups on the polymer. Primary and secondary alcohols were confirmed to be the main oxidation products of this material, and the total percent oxidation correlated with data obtained from oxidation rate measurements. The chemical derivatization appears to be highly sensitive and can be used to establish the presence and identity of oxidation products in aged polymeric materials. This methodology represents a novel condition monitoring approach for the detection of chemical changes that are otherwise difficult to analyze. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Assink, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM raassin@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 22 BP 7463 EP 7469 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.08.058 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 862NO UT WOS:000224497900010 ER PT J AU Rae, PJ Dattelbaum, DM AF Rae, PJ Dattelbaum, DM TI The properties of poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) in compression SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polytetrafluoroethylene; PTFE; compression ID RAPID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; ALPHA-TRANSITION REGION; STRAIN RATE DEFORMATION; HIGH-PRESSURE PHASE; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE TEFLON; POLY(TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE); RAMAN AB Samples of DuPont 7A and 7C Teflon (PTFE, poly(tetrafluoroethylene)) were tested in compression at strain-rates between 10(-4) and 1 s(-1) and temperatures between - 198 and 200 degreesC. Additionally, using a Split-Hopkinson pressure bar, a temperature compression series was undertaken between - 100 and 150 degreesC at a strain rate of 3200 s(-1). To investigate the small-strain response, strain gauges were used to measure axial and transverse strain allowing the Poisson ratio to be quantified. As expected, the mechanical properties were found to be strongly affected by strain-rate and temperature. Moduli were found by several methods and the trend, with respect to temperature, lends weight to the suggestion that the glass-transition temperature of PTFE is approximate to -100 degreesC. The physical properties of the sintered PTFE were measured and the crystallinities measured by several techniques. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rae, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prae@lanl.gov; danadat@lanl.gov NR 45 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 7 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 13 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 22 BP 7615 EP 7625 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.08.064 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 862NO UT WOS:000224497900026 ER PT J AU Twitty, C Phan, TD Paschmann, G Lavraud, B Reme, H Dunlop, M AF Twitty, C Phan, TD Paschmann, G Lavraud, B Reme, H Dunlop, M TI Cluster survey of cusp reconnection and its IMF dependence SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; NORTHWARD IMF; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; SHEAR; FLOW AB We have surveyed the occurrence of tailward-of-the-cusp reconnection detected by Cluster as a function of the interplanetary magnetic field ( IMF) clock angle. The survey covers 3 years (2001-2003) of cusp and magnetopause ( MP) crossings and is restricted to periods of relatively stable IMF. Our survey indicates that the reconnection associated plasma flows occur almost exclusively when the IMF has a northward component ( or the clock angle is within similar to90degrees of the GSM +z direction). This finding at first seems inconsistent with the component merging model which should allow reconnection to occur for larger than 90degrees clock angle (or less than 90degrees in magnetic shear angle). However, it is possible that this is a geophysical effect. When the IMF has a southward component, reconnection equatorward of the cusp could prevent tailward-of-the-cusp reconnection by ( 1) creating low-shear condition behind the cusp, and ( 2) preventing the formation of a plasma depletion layer adjacent to dayside MP, resulting in super-Alfvenic magnetosheath flows at high latitude. No reconnection flows can be detected sunward of the X-line in this regime. Finally, the occurrence rate of tailward-of-the-cusp reconnection flows is similar to90% when the IMF has a northward component, indicating that simultaneous reconnection in the northern and southern cusps is common during northward IMF. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, Toulouse, France. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Oxford, England. RP Twitty, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM phan@ssl.berkeley.edu RI dunlop, malcolm/F-1347-2010 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 12 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 19 AR L19808 DI 10.1029/2004GL020646 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 863QN UT WOS:000224576900002 ER PT J AU Satake, S Uno, I Takemura, T Carmichael, GR Tang, YH Streets, D Sugimoto, N Shimizu, A Uematsu, M Han, JS Ohta, S AF Satake, S Uno, I Takemura, T Carmichael, GR Tang, YH Streets, D Sugimoto, N Shimizu, A Uematsu, M Han, JS Ohta, S TI Characteristics of Asian aerosol transport simulated with a regional-scale chemical transport model during the ACE-Asia observation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE chemical transport model; aerosol radiative property; ACE-Asia ID ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; OUTFLOW PATTERNS; DUST EMISSION; MINERAL DUST; EAST-ASIA; PACIFIC; SATELLITE; POLLUTION AB [1] The transport and optical thickness of tropospheric aerosols ( dust, sulfate, carbonaceous aerosols, and sea salt) during the ACE-Asia intensive observation period ( spring 2001) were simulated using a CFORS chemical transport model coupled with a regional meteorological model. Simulated aerosol fields were examined intensively with surface monitoring stations (PM102, sulfate, and total carbonaceous aerosol), Mie Lidar, and satellite observation data. It was shown that CFORS aerosol fields agree with observations and reproduced many observed characteristics including the several high concentration levels associated with the continental outflow, aerosol vertical profiles and strong correlation between dust and sulfate transports. We found the presence of the latitudinal gradient of aerosol concentrations from these comparisons. The two-month ( March and April) averaged aerosol concentration and AOT fields show this latitudinal gradient more clearly, and indicated that the main dust field is located between 30 N and 45 N, while sulfate and carbonaceous field are mainly dominant from their main sources in central China and Southeast Asia to northern Japan ( between 25 N and 45 N). Analyses of aerosol horizontal fluxes were also performed. We found that these distributions are closely related to characteristics of wind field of springtime and that each aerosol has the following transport route; the main dust flow is eastward along the 45 N parallel and is located in the free atmosphere; sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols within the boundary layer has a clockwise and divergent flow pattern over central China, which produce the strong outflow associated with anthropogenic emissions at northern latitudes and constrain the continental outflow at the southern latitude; and carbonaceous aerosols at the upper level ( 2 - 6 km) have another transport pathway that is along about 30 N from Thailand and Laos. Regional budgets of tropospheric aerosols showed that total emissions were 105 Tg for dust, 8.3 Tg-SO for sulfur (73% from human activities and 27% from volcanic activities), and 3.07 Tg for carbonaceous aerosols. Dry deposition, gravitational settling, and northward outflow of dust accounted for 33%, 27%, and 14% of total emissions, respectively. Wet deposition, eastward outflow, and dry deposition of sulfur accounted for 33%, 27%, and 21%, respectively. Regarding carbonaceous aerosols, the outflow to the east has the highest fraction (49%), followed by dry deposition (16%) and the outflow to the north ( 14%). C1 Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Technol, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Natl Inst Environm Res, Kungseodong 404170, Seogu Inchun, South Korea. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba 3058506, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. RP Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci & Technol, Kasuga Pk 6-1, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. EM satake@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI Shimizu, Atsushi/C-2810-2009; Uno, Itsushi/B-5952-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; OI Shimizu, Atsushi/0000-0002-7306-7412; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 12 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19S22 DI 10.1029/2003JD003997 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 863RD UT WOS:000224578500001 ER PT J AU Genson, KL Hoffman, J Teng, J Zubarev, ER Vaknin, D Tsukruk, VV AF Genson, KL Hoffman, J Teng, J Zubarev, ER Vaknin, D Tsukruk, VV TI Interfacial micellar structures from novel amphiphilic star polymers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; LIVING ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER MONOLAYERS; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; BLOCK POLYELECTROLYTES; SURFACE MICELLES; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; UNIMOLECULAR MICELLES AB An amphiphilic heteroarm star polymer containing 12 alternating hydrophobic/hydrophilic arms of polystyrene (PS) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) connected to a well-defined rigid aromatic core was studied at the air-water and the air-solid interfaces. At the air-water interface, the molecules spontaneously form pancakelike micellar aggregates which measure up to several microns in diameter and 5 nm in thickness. Upon reduction of the surface area per molecule to 7 nm(2), the two-dimensional micelles merged into a dense monolayer. We suggest that confined phase separation of dissimilar polymer arms occurred upon their segregation on the opposite sides of the rigid disklike aromatic core, forcing the rigid cores to adopt a face-on orientation with respect to the interface. Upon transfer onto solid supports the PS chains face the air-film interface making it completely hydrophobic, and the PAA chains were found to collapse and form a thin flattened underlayer. This study points toward new strategies to create large 2D microstructures with facial amphiphilicity and suggests a profound influence of star molecular architecture on the self-assembly of amphiphiles at the air-water interface. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vladimir@iastate.edu RI Teng, Jing/D-2970-2009; Zubarev, Eugene/C-9288-2011; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 62 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 12 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 21 BP 9044 EP 9052 DI 10.1021/la048548x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 861BR UT WOS:000224391600017 PM 15461485 ER PT J AU Li, XS Fryxell, GE Birnbaum, JC Wang, CM AF Li, XS Fryxell, GE Birnbaum, JC Wang, CM TI Effects of template and precursor chemistry on structure and properties of mesoporous TiO2 thin films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SILICA FILMS; TITANIUM-OXIDE; CELLS; NB; TA AB Mesoporous TiO2 thin films were synthesized by sol-gel processing using an aqueous-based, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly precursor and cationic surfactants as templates under mild reaction conditions. The films were prepared by spin-coating on glass substrates followed by calcination to remove the surfactant. N-2 sorption, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the porosity, pore size, and pore structure before and after calcination. Films were found to have wormlike pore structures after calcination and surface areas on the order of 200 m(2)/g. These results show that the mesostructure and porosity of the thin films can be controlled by the surfactant template chemistry such as surfactant/Ti ratio, pH, and rate of solvent evaporation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 12 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 21 BP 9095 EP 9102 DI 10.1021/la0486279 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 861BR UT WOS:000224391600024 PM 15461492 ER PT J AU Lai, D Liu, WH Wang, WC Glinka, CJ Worcester, DL Lin, Y Huang, HW AF Lai, D Liu, WH Wang, WC Glinka, CJ Worcester, DL Lin, Y Huang, HW TI Diffraction techniques for nonlamellar phases of phospholipids SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FUSION INTERMEDIATE STRUCTURE; LIPID-BILAYER-MEMBRANES; HEXAGONAL HII PHASE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; DIPHYTANOYL PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; STALK MODEL; SCATTERING; POLYMORPHISM; TRANSITIONS AB A neutron diffraction method applicable to nonlamellar phases of substrate-supported lipid membranes is described and validated. When prepared on a flat substrate, the resulting nonlamellar phases have layered symmetry which provides some advantages over powder diffraction for detailed structure determination. This approach recently led to the detection of a rhombohedral phase and a distorted hexagonal phase of lipids. Here the determination of intensity and phase information for such phases is demonstrated by application to the hexagonal phase of diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPhPC). The hexagonal symmetry is used to verify the data reduction procedure for the intensities of the diffraction peaks. Diffraction intensities measured while varying the D2O/H2O ratio in the relative humidity was used to solve the phase problem. The neutron scattering length density distribution of the hexagonal phase was constructed and analyzed to elucidate the packing of the lipid molecules. The structure of DPhPC in the hexagonal phase is of interest in connection with its stalk structure in the rhombohedral phase. We also found that the incorporation of tetradecane into the DPhPC hexagonal phase is limited, similar to the case for dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, HW (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. EM hwhuang@rice.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 12 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 21 BP 9262 EP 9269 DI 10.1021/la048720x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 861BR UT WOS:000224391600048 ER PT J AU Sutter, P Ernst, W Sutter, E AF Sutter, P Ernst, W Sutter, E TI Scanning tunneling microscopy on ultrathin silicon on insulator (100) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; SI(001); STRAIN; LAYER; GE AB (100)-oriented ultrathin silicon-on-insulator (Sol) with Si template thickness at or below 10 nm, normally fully depleted due to carrier trapping in surface states, can be made conducting by terminating the surface with monolayer amounts of Ge. With this modification, which preserves the morphology of the surface, imaging with atomic resolution by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) becomes possible. STM imaging is used to demonstrate surface smoothing by a thin (few monolayers) Si buffer at high temperature. Tunneling spectroscopy shows a high sheet resistance of the Sol sample, caused by a partial dewetting of the oxide supported Si template during thermal surface cleaning. High-resolution imaging and spectroscopy by STM will enable studies, at the atomic scale,of technologically relevant processes on ultrathin SOI. (C) 2004 American Institute Of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sutter, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM psutter@bnl.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 15 BP 3148 EP 3150 DI 10.1063/1.1806539 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 865CE UT WOS:000224679300051 ER PT J AU Gray, JL Hull, R Floro, JA AF Gray, JL Hull, R Floro, JA TI Formation of one-dimensional surface grooves from pit instabilities in annealed SiGe/Si(100) epitaxial films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SELF-LIMITING GROWTH; COOPERATIVE NUCLEATION; STRAINED FILMS; ISLANDS; MORPHOLOGY; SI(001); GE; RELAXATION; STABILITY; EVOLUTION AB Growth of Si0.7Ge0.3 on Si under kinetically limited conditions results in the formation of shallow strain-relieving pits that only partially penetrate the wetting layer. Upon annealing at the growth temperature of 550degreesC, these pits elongate in one of the <100> directions and obtain near-{105} facets. The length-to-width aspect ratio of the resulting grooves can be as large as 20. Material ejected from the pits accumulates along the sides of the elongated pit forming shallow islands with a shape that exhibits a monotonic dependence on island size, and eventually evolves to {105} facets. We discuss the origins of this roughening behavior, which may provide a route for self-assembly of highly anisotropic quantum nanostructures. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gray, JL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 Engineers Way, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jlg9v@virginia.edu NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 15 BP 3253 EP 3255 DI 10.1063/1.1801151 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 865CE UT WOS:000224679300086 ER PT J AU Fuchs, R Claro, F AF Fuchs, R Claro, F TI Enhanced nonconservative forces between polarizable nanoparticles in a time-dependent electric field SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS AB We find the time-averaged force between two polarizable particles in a uniform oscillating electric field. The force is in general noncentral, and if the dielectric function is dissipative, nonconservative. When dielectric surface modes are excited, the magnitude of the force is enhanced and its direction changes in such a way that the lines of force can spiral toward a fixed point, where the force is zero. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. RP Fuchs, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fuchs@iastate.edu OI claro, francisco/0000-0003-2122-6992 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 15 BP 3280 EP 3282 DI 10.1063/1.1807022 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 865CE UT WOS:000224679300095 ER PT J AU Krisch, MJ Reid, MC McCunn, LR Butler, LJ Shu, J AF Krisch, MJ Reid, MC McCunn, LR Butler, LJ Shu, J TI Photofragment translational spectroscopy of nitric acid at 248 nm with VUV photoionization detection of products SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM YIELDS; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; STATES; HNO3; H2O2; ENERGY; NITRATE; HONO2; OH AB This study examines the 248-nm photodissociation of nitric acid (HNO3) and characterizes the translational energy distribution of the nascent photofragments. Photofragment translational spectroscopy with VUV photoionization detection evidenced one product channel. cleavage of HNO3 to form OH + NO2, and established an upper limit on the contribution from the O + HONO formation channel of 3%. These data contribute an independent measurement to a literature debate regarding the branching between these two channels. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krisch, MJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Dept Chem, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM ljb4@midway.uchicago.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 397 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.070 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 860UF UT WOS:000224368100005 ER PT J AU Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K AF Majumdar, D Balasubramanian, K TI Theoretical studies on the nature of uranyl-silicate, uranyl-phosphate and uranyl-arsenate interactions in the model H2UO2SiO4 center dot 3H(2)O, HUO2PO4 center dot 3H(2)O, and HUO2AsO4 center dot 3H(2)O molecules SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; SPIN-ORBIT OPERATORS; FRAMEWORK; DENSITY; ACTINIDES; COMPLEXES; KR; AR AB Extensive ab initio calculations have been carried out on the structure and spectra of H2UO2SiO4.3H(2)O,HUO2PO4.3H(2)O, and HUO(2)ASO(4).3H(2)O. The calculated structures and vibrational spectra have been compared with the available experimental data. The nature of uranyl-anion (silicate, phosphate, and arsenate) bonding characteristics of these molecules is discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Coll Engn, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Engn, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Dept Appl Sci, Hertz Hall Bldg 661,POB 808,L-794, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kbala@ucdavis.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 397 IS 1-3 BP 26 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.069 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 860UF UT WOS:000224368100006 ER PT J AU Zhao, DH Borders, B Wilson, M AF Zhao, DH Borders, B Wilson, M TI Individual-tree diameter growth and mortality models for bottomland mixed-species hardwood stands in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE individual-tree growth model; distance-independent; mixed-species; bottomland hardwoods; mortality ID FOREST GROWTH; MATRIX MODEL; COMPETITION INDEXES; PREDICTING GROWTH; LOGISTIC MODEL; PINE; MANAGEMENT; INCREMENT; INTERFERENCE; SIMULATION AB Individual-tree diameter growth and mortality models were developed for the bottomland mixed-species hardwood stands in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). Data came from 5-year remeasurements of continuous forest inventory plots. Six species groups were created according to diameter structure, tree growth, mortality, recruitment and light demand of species. A 5-year basal area increment model and logistic mortality model were calibrated for species groups. Potential predictor variables at tree-level and stand-level were selected based on the available data and their biological significance to tree growth and mortality. The resulting models possess desirable statistical properties and model behaviors, and can be used to update shortterm inventory. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zhao, DH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM Zhao_Dehai@srel.edu OI Wilson, Machelle/0000-0003-1734-2755 NR 55 TC 50 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 2-3 BP 307 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.043 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 858MY UT WOS:000224197100010 ER PT J AU Baccigalpi, C Perrotta, F DeZotti, G Smoot, GF Burigana, C Maino, D Bedini, L Salerno, E AF Baccigalpi, C Perrotta, F DeZotti, G Smoot, GF Burigana, C Maino, D Bedini, L Salerno, E TI Extracting cosmic microwave background polarization from satellite astrophysical maps SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; techniques : image processing; cosmic microwave background ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; GALACTIC SYNCHROTRON; RADIO-EMISSION; SKY MAPS; H-ALPHA; 1.4 GHZ; SEPARATION; ANISOTROPIES AB We present the application of the fast independent component analysis (FASTICA) technique for blind component separation to polarized astrophysical emission. We study how the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarized signal, consisting of E and B modes, can be extracted from maps affected by substantial contamination from diffuse Galactic foreground emission and instrumental noise. We implement Monte Carlo chains varying the CMB and noise realizations in order to asses the average capabilities of the algorithm and their variance. We perform the analysis of all-sky maps simulated according to the Planck satellite capabilities, modelling the sky signal as a superposition of the CMB and of the existing simulated polarization templates of Galactic synchrotron. Our results indicate that the angular power spectrum of CMB E mode can be recovered on all scales up to lsimilar or equal to 1000, corresponding to the fourth acoustic oscillation, while the B-mode power spectrum can be detected, up to its turnover at lsimilar or equal to 100, if the ratio of tensor to scalar contributions to the temperature quadrupole exceeds 30 per cent. The power spectrum of the cross-correlation between total intensity and polarization, TE, can be recovered up to lsimilar or equal to 1200, corresponding to the seventh TE acoustic oscillation. C1 SISSA, ISAS, Astrophys Sector, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy. CNR, ITeSRE, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. CNR, IEI, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. RP SISSA, ISAS, Astrophys Sector, Via Beirut 4, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. EM bacci@sissa.it RI Salerno, Emanuele/A-2137-2010; OI Salerno, Emanuele/0000-0002-3433-3634; Burigana, Carlo/0000-0002-3005-5796 NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 354 IS 1 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08168.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859DH UT WOS:000224242100008 ER PT J AU Rossi, EM Lazzati, D Salmonson, JD Ghisellini, G AF Rossi, EM Lazzati, D Salmonson, JD Ghisellini, G TI The polarization of afterglow emission reveals gamma-ray bursts jet structure SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE polarization; radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; gamma-rays : bursts ID STANDARD ENERGY RESERVOIR; ANALYTIC LIGHT CURVES; GRB 990510; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MODEL; EVOLUTION; FIREBALL; VARIABILITY AB We numerically compute light and polarization curves of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows for various configurations of the jet luminosity structure and for different dynamical evolutions. We especially consider the standard homogeneous 'top hat' jet and the 'universal structured jet' with power-law wings. We also investigate a possible, more physical variation of the 'top hat' model: the 'Gaussian jet'. The polarization curves for the last two jet types are shown here for the first time together with the computation of X-ray and radio polarized fluxes. We show that the light curves of the total flux from these configurations are very similar to each other, and therefore only very high quality data could allow us to pin down the underlying jet structure. We demonstrate instead that polarization curves are a powerful means to solve the jet structure, since the predicted behaviour of polarization and its position angle at times around the jet break are very different, if not opposite. We conclude that the afterglow polarization measurements provide clear footprints of any outflow energy distribution (unlike the light curves of the total flux) and the joint analysis of the total and polarized flux should reveal the jet structure of GRBs. C1 Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Osserv Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. RP Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM emr@ast.cam.ac.uk; lazzati@ast.cam.ac.uk; salmonson1@llnl.gov; gabriele@merate.mi.astro.it OI Ghisellini, Gabriele/0000-0002-0037-1974 NR 49 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 354 IS 1 BP 86 EP 100 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08165.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859DH UT WOS:000224242100011 ER PT J AU Mohl, D Sessler, AM AF Mohl, D Sessler, AM TI Beam cooling: principles and achievements SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE beam cooling; Liouville; stochastic; electron; laser; cooling methods ID ION-BEAMS; COLLIDERS AB After a discussion of Lionville's theorem, and its implications for beam cooling, a brief description is given about each of the various methods of beam cooling: stochastic, electron, radiation, laser, ionization, etc. For each, we present the type of particle for which it is appropriate, its range of applicability, and the currently achieved degree of cooling. For each method, we also discuss the present applications and, also, possible future developments and further applications. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mohl, D (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM dieter.mohl@cern.ch; amsessler@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.102 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000002 ER PT J AU Marriner, J AF Marriner, J TI Stochastic cooling overview SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE stochastic; beam; cooling ID BEAM; FILTERS; ARRAYS; KICKER; RINGS AB The status of stochastic cooling and developments over the years are reviewed with reference to much of the original work. Both theoretical and technological subjects are considered. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Marriner, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Kirk & Pine St,MS 323, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM marriner@fnal.gov NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.025 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000003 ER PT J AU Neuffer, D AF Neuffer, D TI Introduction to muon cooling SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE beam cooling; neutrino sources; colliders AB We present an overview of the process of ionization cooling, which is useable for cooling muons. In ionization cooling, particles pass through a material medium and lose energy (momentum) through ionization interactions, and this is followed by beam reacceleration in RF cavities. The cooling can be sufficient to enable use of muons in high-intensity neutrino factories or high-luminosity mu(+)-mu(-) colliders. The status of mu-cooling research is discussed. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Neuffer, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div, MS 220,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM neuffer@fnal.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.051 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000005 ER PT J AU Ben-Zvi, I Brennan, J Burrill, A Calaga, R Chang, XY Citver, G Hahn, H Harrison, M Hershcovitch, A Jain, A Montag, C Fedotov, A Kewisch, J Mackay, W McIntyre, G Pate, D Peggs, S Rank, J Roser, T Scaduto, J Srinivasan-Rao, T Trbojevic, D Wang, D Zaltsman, A Zhao, YX AF Ben-Zvi, I Brennan, J Burrill, A Calaga, R Chang, XY Citver, G Hahn, H Harrison, M Hershcovitch, A Jain, A Montag, C Fedotov, A Kewisch, J Mackay, W McIntyre, G Pate, D Peggs, S Rank, J Roser, T Scaduto, J Srinivasan-Rao, T Trbojevic, D Wang, D Zaltsman, A Zhao, YX TI R&D towards cooling of the RHIC collider SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE electron-cooling; energy-recovery linac AB We introduce the R&D program for electron-cooling of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. This electron cooler is designed to cool 100 GeV/nucleon bunched-beam ion collider at storage energy using 54 MeV electrons. The electron source will be an RF photocathode gun. The accelerator will be a superconducting energy recovery linac. The frequency of the accelerator is set at 703.75 MHz. The maximum bunch frequency is 28.15 MHz, with bunch charge of 10 nC. The R&D program has the following components: The photoinjector, the superconducting linac, start-to-end beam dynamics with magnetized electrons, electron-cooling calculations and development of a large superconducting solenoid. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, CAD, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ben-Zvi, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, CAD, MS 817, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benzvi@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.044 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000025 ER PT J AU Palmer, RB AF Palmer, RB TI Progress in ring cooler studies SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE neutrino; muon; cooling AB A "Merit Factor" giving the increase in 6D phase space density is defined, and expressed as a function of the ring's acceptances, acceleration and other parameters. It is shown that the merit is strongly dependent on the angular (to the fourth power) and momentum (squared) acceptances, and it is shown that these acceptances must be very large for good performance. Several examples of designs are given that show good performance when calculated with some idealization of the fields, and one example is shown that was simulated with real fields. The needs for further work are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Palmer, RB (reprint author), BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM palmer@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.053 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000036 ER PT J AU Wang, CX Kim, KJ AF Wang, CX Kim, KJ TI Beam-envelope theory of ionization cooling SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE ionization cooling; cooling theory; beam envelope; moment equation; emittance evolution; emittance exchange; neutrino factory; muon collider ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION INTEGRALS; TRANSVERSE; CHANNEL AB Linear beam-envelope theory of ionization cooling in 6D phase space has been systematically established in the past few years. In this paper, we briefly review the general formalism as well as the specific theories for a quadrupole channel and a bent-solenoidal channel with symmetric focusing. These channels play important roles in the design of cooling channels for the envisioned neutrino factories and muon colliders. The analytical solutions of these channels are relatively simple yet provide good understanding of cooling and heating mechanisms in both transverse and longitudinal phase spaces. Furthermore, the resulting formulae can be used to evaluate cooling channel designs the same way as the radiation integrals are used in storage ring designs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wangcx@aps.anl.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 260 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.054 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000037 ER PT J AU Nagaitsev, S Burov, A Carlson, K Dudnikov, V Kramper, B Kroc, T Leibfritz, J McGee, M Saewert, G Schmidt, C Shemyakin, A Warner, A Seletsky, S Tupikov, V AF Nagaitsev, S Burov, A Carlson, K Dudnikov, V Kramper, B Kroc, T Leibfritz, J McGee, M Saewert, G Schmidt, C Shemyakin, A Warner, A Seletsky, S Tupikov, V TI Status of the Fermilab electron cooling project SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE accelerator; electron beam; electron cooling AB A prototype of a 4.3-MeV electron cooling system has been assembled at Fermilab as part of the on-going R&D program in high-energy electron cooling. This electron cooler prototype will not demonstrate the actual cooling but it would allow to determine if the electron beam properties are suitable for antiproton beam cooling. An electron beam is accelerated by a 5-MV Pelletron (Van de Graaff type) accelerator and transported to a prototype cooling section. The cooling would take place in a 20-m long solenoid flanked on both sides by supply and return beam-lines-a total of 60m of transport channel. This paper describes the status of the electron cooling R&D program. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Budker INP, Novosibirsk, Russia. RP Nagaitsev, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 307, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM nsergei@fnal.gov; burov@fnal.gov; shemyakin@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.056 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000039 ER PT J AU Burov, A AF Burov, A TI Electron-cooling scenarios at Fermilab SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE electron cooling; accumulator storage ring AB According to Run II upgrade plans, peak luminosity of the proton-antiproton beams in the Tevatron has to increase 7-8 times in coming years. This requires 5-6 times more antiprotons, which is supposed to be reached by means of electron cooling of accumulated pbars. A main scenario is to apply this in the Recycler (RR). However, there is an alternative, i.e to e-cool pbars in the accumulator, without using RR at all. Advantages and disadvantages of both scenarios are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Burov, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM burov@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.104 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000042 ER PT J AU Derbenev, Y AF Derbenev, Y TI Feasibility of electron cooling and luminosity potentials of colliders SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN AB Luminosity upgrades of colliders with hadron beams tend to require decreased and maintained beam emittances using a suitable cooling technique. The breakthroughs of recent years: realization of beam energy recovery in superconducting linear accelerators; flat to round beam transformations; and new beam transport concepts (discontinuous solenoid, circulator rings, hollow beams, dispersive cooling); have promoted the feasibility of efficient electron cooling of intense high energy hadron beams. Electron cooling, in cooperation with strong SRF fields in storage rings, will allow one to obtain very short hadron bunches, as result of which the luminosity can be raised by making a low beta-star. Short bunches also would make feasible crab crossing, that allows one to remove the parasitic beam-beam interactions and maximize the collision rate. Cooling also results in flatness of uncoupled beam equilibrium; this can be used to diminish the IBS impact on luminosity. The staged cooling agenda will be discussed and illustrated. Evaluation of these advances leads one to consider that luminosity levels (in units of cm(-2) s(-1)) of 10(35) in future electron-ion colliders at the hadron energy up to 150 GeV and 10(37) in hadron colliders at the energy range 1-7 TeV might be feasible.(1) (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Derbenev, Y (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM derbenev@jlab.org NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.060 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000045 ER PT J AU Pasquinelli, RJ AF Pasquinelli, RJ TI Stochastic cooling technology at Fermilab SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE stochastic cooling; microwave systems; low noise amplifiers; waveguide and patch antennas; equalizers AB The first antiproton cooling systems were installed and commissioned at Fermilab in 1984-1985. In the interim period, there have been several major upgrades, system improvements, and complete reincarnation of cooling systems. This paper will present some of the technology that was pioneered at Fermilab to implement stochastic cooling systems in both the Antiproton Source and Recycler accelerators. Current performance data will also be presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Pasquinelli, RJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM pasquin@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.061 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000046 ER PT J AU Brennan, JM Blaskiewicz, M Wei, J AF Brennan, JM Blaskiewicz, M Wei, J TI Possibilities for stochastic cooling at RHIC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE collider; heavy ion; stochastic cooling AB Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) is the fundamental performance limitation for RHIC. The emittance growth from IBS determines the ultimate luminosity lifetime and the only cure is cooling. Full-energy electron cooling will be installed to not only control emittance growth but also reduce emittances during a store. Before that, stochastic cooling could increase integrated luminosity by momentum cooling. Two significant benefits would follow; the average luminosity in a 10 h store would double, and the problem of coasting beam in the abort gap would be solved. Of course high-frequency bunched beam stochastic. cooling is required and previous attempts at this at the TEVATRON and SPS were not successful. It appears that the conditions in the heavy ion collider are more favorable. First, the high charge state of ions gives better signal to noise ratio in the Schottky signal. Second, the anomalous coherent components in the pick up signals that caused saturation in the electronics in previous attempts are greatly reduced. Measurements of Schottky signals from gold beam in RHIC at 100 GeV and longitudinal beam transfer functions are presented to illustrate these points. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brennan, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM brennan@bnl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.113 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000049 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Zhang, Y Ng, KY AF Lee, SY Zhang, Y Ng, KY TI Damping dynamics of optical stochastic cooling SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE beam cooling; laser-beam interaction; beam stability AB A necessary condition for transverse phase space damping in the optical stochastic cooling (also applicable in the microwave stochastic cooling) with transit-time method for both the longitudinal and transverse damping dynamics is studied. An optimal laser focusing condition for laser-beam interaction in the correction undulator was also obtained. The required laser amplification power can be large for hadron colliders at very high energies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM shylee@indiana.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.063 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000050 ER PT J AU Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Pavlishin, I Pogorelsky, IV Yakimenko, VE Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS AF Babzien, M Ben-Zvi, I Pavlishin, I Pogorelsky, IV Yakimenko, VE Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS TI Optical stochastic cooling for RHIC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN AB We propose the use of an optical parametric amplifier (OPA), with a similar to 12-mum on wavelength for optical stochastic cooling (Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993) 4146; Phys. Rev. E 50 (1994) 3087) of gold ions in the relativistic heavy ion collider. The use of infrared wavelengths in comparison with the visible ensures a higher efficiency interaction of heavy ions withlight in the kicker undulator. The transition to longer wavelength also relaxes the requirements for stability of the path length during ion-beam transport between pickup and kicker. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ben-Zvi, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benzvi@bnl.gov; max_zolotorev@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 345 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.108 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000051 ER PT J AU Shemyakin, A Burov, A Carlson, K Dudnikov, V Kramper, B Kroc, T Leibfritz, J McGee, M Nagaitsev, S Saewert, G Schmidt, CW Warner, A Seletskiy, S Tupikov, V AF Shemyakin, A Burov, A Carlson, K Dudnikov, V Kramper, B Kroc, T Leibfritz, J McGee, M Nagaitsev, S Saewert, G Schmidt, CW Warner, A Seletskiy, S Tupikov, V TI Attainment of an MeV-range, DC electron beam for the Fermilab cooler SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE accelerator; electron beam; electron cooling AB To prepare a beam generation device for Fermilab's future Recycler Electron Cooling system, an experimental set-up with a simplified beam line has been commissioned at Fermilab. Stable operation was achieved at an electron energy of 3.5 MeV and a DC beam current of up to 0.5 A. The main reason for interruptions of the operation was found to be microsecond long bursts of the cathode current. While the frequency of the interruptions is determined primarily by a flow of secondary ions, the resulting reduction in the duty factor depends on the beam optics, the protection systems, and the tube electric field strength. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Budker INP, Novosibirsk, Russia. RP Shemyakin, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM shemyakin@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.073 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000061 ER PT J AU Derbenev, Y Johnson, RP AF Derbenev, Y Johnson, RP TI Six-dimensional muon beam cooling in a continuous, homogeneous, gaseous hydrogen absorber SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Yamanishi, JAPAN DE six-dimensional; hydrogen; gaseous; muon; beam; ionization-cooling AB The fast reduction of the six-dimensional phase space of muon beams is required for muon colliders and is also of great importance for neutrino factories based on accelerated muon beams. Ionization cooling, where all momentum components are degraded by an energy absorbing material and only the longitudinal momentum is restored by RF cavities, provides a means to quickly reduce transverse beam sizes. However, the beam momentum spread cannot be reduced by this method unless the longitudinal emittance can be transformed or exchanged into the transverse emittance. The best emittance exchange plans up to now have been accomplished by using magnets to disperse the beam along the face of a wedge-shaped absorber such that higher momentum particles pass through thicker parts of the absorber and thus suffer larger ionization energy loss. In the scheme advocated in this paper, it is noted that one can generate a magnetic channel filled with absorber where higher momentum corresponds to a longer path length and therefore larger ionization energy loss. Thus a homogeneous absorber, without any special edge shaping, can provide the desired emittance exchange. An attractive example of a cooling channel based on this principle involves the use of RF cavities filled with a continuous gaseous hydrogen absorber in a magnetic channel composed of a solenoidal field with superimposed helical transverse dipole, quadrupole, and octupole fields. The theory of this helical channel is described to support the analytical prediction of a million-fold reduction in phase space volume in a channel 150 m long. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Muons Inc, Batavia, IL USA. RP Derbenev, Y (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM derbenev@jlab.org; roljohn@aol.com NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 532 IS 1-2 BP 470 EP 473 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.085 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 865GP UT WOS:000224691000074 ER PT J AU Wright, RJ Power, PP Scott, BL Kiplinger, JL AF Wright, RJ Power, PP Scott, BL Kiplinger, JL TI Uncommon eta(3)-(N,C,C ')-1-azaallyl bonding mode for the Nacnac ligand: A bis(beta-diketiminato)uranium(III) iodide complex SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY STRUCTURES; CHEMISTRY; URANIUM; METHYL AB Reaction between 2 equiv of K(Nacnac) (Nacnac(-) = [Ar]NC(Me)CHC(Me)N[Ar], Ar = 2,6-(Pr2C6H3)-Pr-i) and UI3(THF)(4) in toluene affords (Nacnac)(2)UI, which features a beta-diketiminate ligand bound to uranium(III) in an unusual eta(3)-(N,C,C')-1-azaallyl mode and possesses Close U...C-alkene contacts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kiplinger, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kiplinger@lanl.gov RI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/B-9158-2011; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Kiplinger, Jaqueline/0000-0003-0512-7062; Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD OCT 11 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 21 BP 4801 EP 4803 DI 10.1021/om049342u PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 860MY UT WOS:000224348900001 ER PT J AU van Dam, MA Le Mignant, D Macintosh, BA AF van Dam, MA Le Mignant, D Macintosh, BA TI Performance of the Keck Observatory adaptive-optics system SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER GUIDE STAR; DEFORMABLE MIRROR; RESOLUTION; TELESCOPE; PHASE AB The adaptive-optics (AO) system at the W. M. Keck Observatory is characterized. We calculate the error budget of the Keck AO system operating in natural guide star mode with a near-infrared imaging camera. The measurement noise and bandwidth errors are obtained by modeling the control loops and recording residual centroids. Results of sky performance tests are presented: The AO system is shown to deliver images with average Strehl ratios of as much as 0.37 at 1.58 mum when a bright guide star is used and of 0.19 for a magnitude 12 star. The images are consistent with the predicted wave-front error based on our error budget estimates. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP van Dam, MA (reprint author), WM Keck Observ, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. EM mvandam@keck.hawaii.edu NR 31 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 29 BP 5458 EP 5467 DI 10.1364/AO.43.005458 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 862RY UT WOS:000224509800006 PM 15508602 ER PT J AU Zhang, PJ Beacom, JF AF Zhang, PJ Beacom, JF TI Angular correlations of the MeV cosmic gamma-ray background SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : theory; large-scale structure of universe; stars : formation ID 3-DIMENSIONAL POWER SPECTRUM; SKY SURVEY DATA; DARK MATTER; SUPERNOVAE; GALAXIES; CONSTRAINTS; COMPTEL AB The measured cosmic gamma-ray background (CGB) spectrum at MeV energies is in reasonable agreement with the predicted contribution from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). However, the characteristic features in the SN Ia gamma-ray spectrum, weakened by integration over source redshifts, are difficult to measure, and the contributions from other sources in the MeV range are uncertain, so that the SN Ia origin of the MeV CGB remains unproven. Since different CGB sources have different clustering properties and redshift distributions, by combining the CGB spectrum and angular correlation measurements the contributions to the CGB could be identified and separated. The SN Ia CGB large-scale structure follows that of galaxies. Its rms fluctuation at degree scales has a characteristic energy dependence ranging from similar to1% to on the order of unity and can be measured to several percent precision by proposed future satellites such as the Advanced Compton Telescope. With the identification of the SN Ia contribution, the SN Ia rate could be measured unambiguously as a function of redshift up to z similar to 1 by combining the spectrum and angular correlation measurements, yielding new constraints on the star formation rate to even higher redshifts. Finally, we show that the gamma-ray and neutrino backgrounds from supernovae should be closely connected, allowing an important consistency test from the measured data. Identification of the astrophysical contributions to the CGB would allow much greater sensitivity to an isotropic high-redshift CGB contribution arising in extra dimension or dark matter models. C1 NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zhang, PJ (reprint author), NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM zhangpj@fnal.gov; beacom@fnal.gov RI ZHANG, PENGJIE/O-2825-2015; OI Beacom, John/0000-0002-0005-2631 NR 45 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 614 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1086/423329 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 860TT UT WOS:000224366900006 ER PT J AU Reifarth, R Kappeler, F Voss, F Wisshak, K Gallino, R Pignatari, M Straniero, O AF Reifarth, R Kappeler, F Voss, F Wisshak, K Gallino, R Pignatari, M Straniero, O TI Xe-128 and Xe-130: Testing He-shell burning in asymptotic giant branch stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : interiors ID MASSIVE STARS; P-PROCESS; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; NEUTRON-CAPTURE; NOBLE-GASES; S-PROCESS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SOLAR; EVOLUTION; METEORITES AB The s-process branching at I-128 has been investigated on the basis of new, precise, experimental (n,gamma) cross sections for the s-only isotopes Xe-128 and Xe-130. This branching is unique, since it is essentially determined by the temperature- and density-sensitive stellar decay rates of 128I and only marginally affected by the specific stellar neutron flux. For this reason it represents an important test for He-shell burning in asymptotic giant branch stars. The description of the branching by means of the complex stellar scenario reveals a significant sensitivity to the timescales for convection during He shell flashes, thus providing constraints for this phenomenon. The s-process ratio Xe-128/Xe-130 deduced from stellar models allows for a 9%+/-3% p-process contribution to solar Xe-128, in agreement with the Xe-S component found in meteoritic presolar SiC grains. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, Sez INFN Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Ctr Stellar & Planetary Astrophys, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. Osservatorio Astron Collurania, I-64100 Teramo, Italy. RP Reifarth, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reifarth@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 614 IS 1 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1086/422206 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 860TT UT WOS:000224366900039 ER PT J AU Gosling, JT Skoug, RM McComas, DJ Mazur, JE AF Gosling, JT Skoug, RM McComas, DJ Mazur, JE TI Correlated dispersionless structure in suprathermal electrons and solar energetic ions in the solar wind SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; interplanetary medium; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : particle emission ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; PITCH-ANGLE; EVENTS; PARTICLES; PROPAGATION; ULYSSES; BURSTS; AU; SPACECRAFT; EMISSION AB Dispersionless modulations in particle intensity are commonly observed in impulsive solar energetic ion events and are occasionally observed within low-energy (less than 1.4 keV) solar electron bursts. The electron burst modulations commonly occur in direct association with discontinuous changes in the intensity of the solar wind electron strahl. Both the energetic ion and the suprathermal electron burst modulations have been interpreted in terms of spatially limited burst source regions and magnetic field-line footpoint motions in the solar atmosphere. Concentrating on impulsive ion modulation events previously reported, we show that there is generally a close connection between the dispersionless modulations in energetic ions in those events and the simultaneous dispersionless modulations in low-energy solar electron bursts and in the electron strahl. This demonstrates that dispersionless modulations in both particle species have a common cause, which we associate with relatively abrupt changes in magnetic connection to the Sun. We find that some of these abrupt connection changes occur at structural boundaries in the solar wind flow. More often, the connection changes appear to arise from field-line footpoint motions or, possibly, solar wind turbulence. To a first approximation, when dispersionless structure is present in both particle species, the electrons and ions appear to be accelerated on the same field lines in spatially confined regions in the corona. Overall, however, the data suggest that electron burst source regions usually are more spatially uniform, have considerably broader spatial extents than the ion sources, or both. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Gosling, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jgosling@lanl.gov; rskoug@lanl.gov; dmmcomas@swri.edu; joseph.e.mazur@aero.org NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 614 IS 1 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1086/423368 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 860TT UT WOS:000224366900045 ER PT J AU Liu, CX Zachara, JM Felmy, A Gorby, Y AF Liu, CX Zachara, JM Felmy, A Gorby, Y TI An electrodynamics-based model for ion diffusion in microbial polysaccharides SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE ion diffusion; electrostatic double layer; polysaccharide; plant roots; cell wall ID VECTOR TRANSPORT PROCESSES; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; POISSON EQUATIONS; COEFFICIENTS LIJ; NERNST-PLANCK; CHARGE; BIOSORPTION AB An electrodynamics-based model was formulated for simulation of ion diffusion in microbial polysaccharides. The fixed charges and electrostatic double layers that may associate with microbial polysaccharides and their effects on ion diffusion were explicitly built into the model. The model extends a common multicomponent ion diffusion formulation that is based on irreversible thermodynamics under a zero ionic charge flux condition, which is only applicable to the regions without fixed charges and electrostatic double layers. An efficient numerical procedure was presented to solve the differential equations in the model. The model well described key features of experimental observations of ion diffusion in negatively charged microbial polysaccharides including accelerated diffusive transport of cations, exclusion of anions, and increased rate of cation transport with increasing negative charge density. The simulated diffusive fluxes of cations and anions were consistent with a cation exchange diffusion concept in negatively charged polysaccharides at the interface of plant roots and soils; and the developed model allows to mathematically study such diffusion phenomena. An illustrative example was also provided to simulate dynamic behavior of ionic current during ion diffusion within a charged bacterial cell wall polysaccharide and the effects of the ionic current on the compression or expansion of the bacterial electrostatic double layer at the interface of the cell wall and bulk solution. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-96, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongxuan.liu@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; OI Liu, Chongxuan/0000-0002-2180-6770 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.08.003 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 864ZV UT WOS:000224672800009 PM 15465305 ER PT J AU Mousseau, VA AF Mousseau, VA TI Implicitly balanced solution of the two-phase flow equations coupled to nonlinear heat conduction SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE two-phase flow; nonlinear; implicit; preconditioning ID AREA TRANSPORT-EQUATION; NUMERICAL SCHEME; KRYLOV METHODS; SYSTEMS; MODEL; METHODOLOGY; CODE AB This paper presents the solution of the two-phase flow equations coupled to nonlinear heat conduction using the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method which employs a physics-based preconditioner. Computer simulations will demonstrate that the implicitly balanced solution obtained from the JFNK method is more accurate than traditional approaches that employ operator splitting and linearizing. Results will also indicate that by employing a physics-based preconditioner the implicitly balanced solution can provide a more accurate solution for the same amount of computer time compared to the traditional approach for solving these equations. Finally, convergence plots will show that as the transient time lengthens, the implicitly balanced solution can maintain this higher level of accuracy at much larger time steps. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mousseau, VA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vmss@lanl.gov NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 1 BP 104 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.03.009 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 859RB UT WOS:000224284500006 ER PT J AU Jardin, SC AF Jardin, SC TI A triangular finite element with first-derivative continuity applied to fusion MHD applications SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE finite elements; magnetohydrodynamics ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATION AB We describe properties of the reduced quintic triangular finite element. The expansion used in the element will represent a complete quartic polynomial in two dimensions, and thus the error will be of order h(5) if the solution is sufficiently smooth. The quintic terms are constrained to enforce C-1 continuity across element boundaries, allowing their use with partial differential equations involving derivatives up to fourth order. There are only three unknowns per node in the global problem, which leads to lower rank matrices when compared with other high-order methods with similar accuracy but lower order continuity. The integrations to form the matrix elements are all done in closed form, even for the nonlinear terms. The element is shown to be well suited for elliptic problems, anisotropic diffusion, the Grad-Shafranov-Schluter equation, and the time-dependent MHD or extended MHD equations. The element is also well suited for 3D calculations when the third (angular) dimension is represented as a Fourier series. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Jardin, SC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jardin@pppl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 200 IS 1 BP 133 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.04.004 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 859RB UT WOS:000224284500007 ER PT J AU McHugh, KM Delplanque, JP Johnson, SB Lavernia, EJ Zhou, Y Lin, Y AF McHugh, KM Delplanque, JP Johnson, SB Lavernia, EJ Zhou, Y Lin, Y TI Spray rolling aluminum alloy strip SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Spray Deposition and Melt Atomization/5th International Conference on Spray Forming CY JUN 22-25, 2003 CL Univ Bremen, Bremen, GERMANY HO Univ Bremen DE spray rolling; spray forming; aluminum strip casting ID THIN STRIPS AB Spray rolling combines spray forming with twin-roll casting to process metal flat products. It consists of atomizing molten metal with a high velocity inert gas, cooling the resultant droplets in flight and directing the spray between mill rolls. In-flight convection heat transfer from atomized droplets teams with conductive cooling at the rolls to rapidly remove the alloy's latent heat. Hot deformation of the semi-solid material in the rolls results in fully consolidated, rapidly solidified product. While similar in some ways to twin-roll casting, spray rolling has the advantage of being able to process alloys with broad freezing ranges at high production rates. This paper describes the process and summarizes microstructure and tensile properties of spray-rolled 2124 and 7050 aluminum alloy strips. A Lagrangian/Eulerian poly-dispersed spray flight and deposition model is described that provides some insight into the development of the spray rolling process. This spray model follows droplets during flight toward the rolls, through impact and spreading, and includes oxide film formation and breakup when relevant. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McHugh, KM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM kmm4@inel.gov; jdelplan@mines.edu; lavernia@ucdavis.edu RI Lavernia, Enrique/I-6472-2013; Delplanque, Jean-Pierre/I-8690-2016; OI Lavernia, Enrique/0000-0003-2124-8964; Delplanque, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-1774-1641 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 383 IS 1 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.041 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 859BQ UT WOS:000224237500014 ER PT J AU Urquidi, J Benmore, CJ Egelstaff, PA Guthrie, M McLain, SE Tulk, CA Klug, DD Turner, JFC AF Urquidi, J Benmore, CJ Egelstaff, PA Guthrie, M McLain, SE Tulk, CA Klug, DD Turner, JFC TI A structural comparison of supercooled water and intermediate density amorphous ices SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; LIQUID WATER; X-RAY; HEAVY-WATER; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; SCATTERING; PEAK; DEPENDENCE AB New data are presented on neutron diffraction in ultrapure bulk supercooled heavy water measured down to 262 K. The data are analysed in terms of the trends observed in the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) parameters, the feature which dominates the measured neutron spectra. The neutron FSDP position, height and width are compared to literature data for supercooled water, water under pressure and to the same parameters obtained for recently discovered intermediate density amorphous ices. It is found that the FSDP parameters in supercooled water and the amorphous ices generally exhibit a similar behaviour, suggesting a new structural regime may occur in deeply supercooled water below Q(0)similar to1.83 Angstrom(-1) (Tsimilar to251K) associated with increased intermediate range ordering. It is argued that this structural regime may be linked to a similar trend in the density which appears when the density is plotted as a function of FSDP position. A detailed comparison of the neutron and X-ray structure factors for supercooled water and intermediate density amorphous ices with the same FSDP positions is also made. The diffraction data show that although the overall general structures are qualitatively very similar, the amorphous ice correlations are considerably sharper and extend to much higher radial distances. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div LANSCE12, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON KOA OR6, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Urquidi, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jurquidi@nmsu.edu RI Guthrie, Malcolm/K-3099-2012; Tulk, Chris/R-6088-2016; OI Tulk, Chris/0000-0003-3400-3878; McLain, Sylvia/0000-0002-3347-7759; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 19-20 BP 2007 EP 2014 DI 10.1080/00268970412331292650 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 876JB UT WOS:000225491600003 ER PT J AU Alley, WE Covello, P Alder, B AF Alley, WE Covello, P Alder, B TI Complex flows by nanohydrodynamics SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; TRANSITION AB The study of complex flows by particle simulations is speeded up over molecular dynamics (MD) by more than two orders of magnitude by employing a stochastic collision dynamics method (DSMC) extended to high density (CBA). As a consequence, a picture generated on a single processor shows the typical features of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and is in quantitative agreement with the experimentally found long time behaviour. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Alley, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ALLEY1@LLNL.GOV NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD OCT 10 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 19-20 BP 2137 EP 2139 DI 10.1080/00268970412331292696 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 876JB UT WOS:000225491600014 ER PT J AU Shao, XM Jacobson, AR Fitzgerald, TJ AF Shao, XM Jacobson, AR Fitzgerald, TJ TI Radio frequency radiation beam pattern of lightning return strokes: A revisit to theoretical analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE radiation beam pattern; return stroke; lightning ID ELECTRIC-FIELD INTENSITY; TRANSMISSION-LINE MODEL; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS AB Return stroke current pulses can propagate at speeds approaching the speed of light c. Such a fast-moving pulse is expected to radiate differently than conventional dipole emitters. In this study, we revisit the theoretical analysis for the high-speed effect on the radiation beam pattern. Instead of starting with specific return stroke models, as has been done before by other investigators, we start the analysis with a general moving current pulse. Through a simple differential transformation between the retarded time and stationary time/space, the so-called F factor (1 - v cos theta/c)(-1) can be readily obtained. This factor is found to be fundamental and is explicitly associated with the radiation beam pattern but is not limited only to the lossless transmission line (TL) return stroke model. It is demonstrated that different beam pattern factors could be derived from this fundamental factor under different return stroke model assumptions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shao, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xshao@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19108 DI 10.1029/2004JD004612 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 861PR UT WOS:000224430000004 ER PT J AU Neugebauer, M Liewer, PC Goldstein, BE Zhou, X Steinberg, JT AF Neugebauer, M Liewer, PC Goldstein, BE Zhou, X Steinberg, JT TI Solar wind stream interaction regions without sector boundaries SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE interaction regions; solar wind ID ION COMPOSITION SPECTROMETER; HELIOSPHERIC PLASMA SHEET; CORONAL STREAMERS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; FLOWS; SPEED; HOLES AB During periods of high solar activity when there are many sources of solar wind on the solar disk, a spacecraft occasionally encounters consecutive solar wind streams with the same magnetic polarity. The low-speed wind in the region of interaction between the two streams exhibits many of the same features as, but has some differences from, the low-speed wind that includes crossings of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) where the direction of the heliospheric magnetic field reverses. The non-HCS slow wind exhibits many of the same small-scale structures usually associated with the slow wind around the HCS; these include discontinuous stream interfaces and other discontinuities, magnetic holes, and low-entropy structures. These entropy holes do not appear to have the same origin as the plasma sheets observed near the HCS, however. The helium abundances and heavy ion charge states in the non-HCS regions are not significantly different from those in HCS-associated regions. Some of the dynamical properties of the non-HCS regions differ from those found near the HCS; the regions between leading and trailing stream interfaces have a shorter duration or scale size, greater minimum speed, and lower peak and average densities. No correlation could be found between the non-HCS slow wind and visible coronal streamers. C1 Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neugebauer, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Bldg 92,1629 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mneugeb@lpl.arizona.edu; paulett.liewer@jpl.nasa.gov; bruce.goldstein@jpl.nasa.gov; xiaoyan.zhou@jpl.nasa.gov; jsteinberg@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A10 AR A10102 DI 10.1029/2004JA010456 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 861QD UT WOS:000224431300001 ER PT J AU Yung, YL Liang, MC Blake, GA Muller, RP Miller, CE AF Yung, YL Liang, MC Blake, GA Muller, RP Miller, CE TI Evidence for O-atom exchange in the O(D-1)+N2O reaction as the source of mass-independent isotopic fractionation in atmospheric N2O SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; O-17/O-16 RATIOS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OZONE; O-18/O-16 AB Recent experiments have shown that in the oxygen isotopic exchange reaction for O(D-1) + CO2 the elastic channel is approximately 50% that of the inelastic channel [Perri et al., 2003]. We propose an analogous oxygen atom exchange reaction for the isoelectronic O(D-1) + N2O system to explain the mass-independent isotopic fractionation (MIF) in atmospheric N2O. We apply quantum chemical methods to compute the energetics of the potential energy surfaces on which the O(D-1) + N2O reaction occurs. Preliminary modeling results indicate that oxygen isotopic exchange via O(D-1) + N2O can account for the MIF oxygen anomaly if the oxygen atom isotopic exchange rate is 30-50% that of the total rate for the reactive channels. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Yung, YL (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MS 150-21,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mcl@gps.caltech.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 19 AR L19106 DI 10.1029/2004GL020950 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 861PK UT WOS:000224429300008 ER PT J AU Gan, CK Tymczak, CJ Challacombe, M AF Gan, CK Tymczak, CJ Challacombe, M TI Linear scaling computation of the Fock matrix. VII. Parallel computation of the Coulomb matrix SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FAST MULTIPOLE METHOD; MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION MATRIX; INITIO QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; CONSISTENT-FIELD THEORY; N-BODY METHODS; DENSITY-MATRIX; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; BARNES-HUT; DIRECT SCF AB We present parallelization of a quantum-chemical tree-code [J. Chem. Phys. 106, 5526 (1997)] for linear scaling computation of the Coulomb matrix. Equal time partition [J. Chem. Phys. 118, 9128 (2003)] is used to load balance computation of the Coulomb matrix. Equal time partition is a measurement based algorithm for domain decomposition that exploits small variation of the density between self-consistent-field cycles to achieve load balance. Efficiency of the equal time partition is illustrated by several tests involving both finite and periodic systems. It is found that equal time partition is able to deliver 91%-98% efficiency with 128 processors in the most time consuming part of the Coulomb matrix calculation. The current parallel quantum chemical tree code is able to deliver 63%-81% overall efficiency on 128 processors with fine grained parallelism (less than two heavy atoms per processor). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gan, CK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ckgan@lanl.gov RI Gan, Chee Kwan/D-7857-2011 NR 67 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 14 BP 6608 EP 6614 DI 10.1063/1.1790891 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 859MV UT WOS:000224269200004 PM 15473715 ER PT J AU Yanai, T Fann, GI Gan, ZT Harrison, RJ Beylkin, G AF Yanai, T Fann, GI Gan, ZT Harrison, RJ Beylkin, G TI Multiresolution quantum chemistry in multiwavelet bases: Hartree-Fock exchange SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; LINEAR SCALING COMPUTATION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ATOMS; MATRIX; OPERATORS; INTEGRALS; DYNAMICS; BORON AB In a previous study [R. J. Harrison , J. Chem. Phys. (in press)] we reported an efficient, accurate multiresolution solver for the Kohn-Sham self-consisitent field (KS-SCF) method for general polyatomic molecules. This study presents an efficient numerical algorithm to evalute Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange in the multiresolution SCF method to solve the HF equations. The algorithm employs fast integral convolution with the Poission kernel in the nonstandard form, screening the sparse multiwavelet representation to compute results of the integral operator only where required by the nonlocal exchange operator. Localized molecular obitals are used to attain near linear scaling. Results for atoms and molecules demonstrate reliable precision and speed. Calculations for small water clusters demonstrate a total cost to compute the HF exchange potential for all n(occ) occpuied MOs scaling as O(n(occ)(1.5)). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yanai, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS6367, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Beylkin, Gregory/G-6653-2011; OI BEYLKIN, GREGORY/0000-0003-3447-1460 NR 39 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 14 BP 6680 EP 6688 DI 10.1063/1.1790931 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 859MV UT WOS:000224269200012 PM 15473723 ER PT J AU Lee, D Svec, F Frechet, JMJ AF Lee, D Svec, F Frechet, JMJ TI Photopolymerized monolithic capillary columns for rapid micro high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of proteins SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Microscale Separations and Capillary Electrophoresis (HPCE 2004) CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Salzburg, AUSTRIA SP Swiss Chem Soc & Novartis DE monolithic columns; stationary phases; LC proteins ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS; REVERSED-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY; IN-SITU POLYMERIZATION; STATIONARY PHASES; MACROPOROUS POLYMERS; CONTINUOUS BEDS; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; MEDIA AB The preparation of monolithic poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns using photoinitiated in situ polymerization within 200 mum i.d. capillaries and their application for muHPLC separations of proteins have been studied. The low resistance to flow characteristic of monolithic columns, enabled the use of very high flow rates of up to 100 muL/min representing a flow velocity of 87 mm/s. Very good separations of a model protein mixture consisting of ribonuclease A, cytochrome c, myoglobin, and ovalbumin was achieved in less than 40 s using a very simple single step gradient of the mobile phase. Interestingly, no effect of the pore size on the separations of proteins was observed for these monolithic columns within the size range of 0.66-2.2 mum. The monolithic muHPLC columns are found very robust and no changes in the long term separation performance and back pressure were observed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-48364] NR 45 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 1051 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.047 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 862EU UT WOS:000224474000007 PM 15532555 ER PT J AU Isailovic, D Li, HW Yeung, ES AF Isailovic, D Li, HW Yeung, ES TI Isolation and characterization of R-phycoerythrin subunits and enzymatic digests SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Microscale Separations and Capillary Electrophoresis (HPCE 2004) CY FEB 08-12, 2004 CL Salzburg, AUSTRIA SP Swiss Chem Soc & Novartis DE total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy; detection; LC; phycoerythrin; phycobiliproteins; proteins ID BILIN ATTACHMENT SITES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; HOLO-ALPHA SUBUNIT; B-PHYCOERYTHRIN; BETA-SUBUNIT; GAMMA-SUBUNITS; BILIPROTEINS; PHYCOBILIPROTEINS; PHYCOBILISOMES AB Subunits and enzymatic digests of the highly fluorescent phycobiliprotein R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) were analyzed by several separation and detection techniques including HPLC, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), CE, and HPLC-electrospray ionization (ESI) MS. R-PE subunits were isolated by HPLC and detected as single molecules by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The results show efficient absorption and fluorescence of the R-PE subunits and digest peptides, originating from the incorporation of phycoerythrobilin and phycourobilin chromophores in them. In addition, HPLC-ESI-MS and SDS-PAGE were optimized to determine the molecular masses of phycobiliprotein subunits and the chromophore-containing peptides, as well as the amino acid sequences of the latter. Favorable spectroscopic and structural properties of R-PE subunits and enzymatic digests, even under denaturing conditions, make these molecules suitable for use as fluorescence labels for biomolecules. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov OI Li, Hung Wing/0000-0003-4840-1965 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 1051 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.07.038 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 862EU UT WOS:000224474000015 PM 15532563 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, DG David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, VS Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Bose-Einstein correlations of charged pion pairs in Au+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE; COULOMB CORRECTIONS; 2-PION CORRELATIONS; INTERFEROMETRY; ENERGY; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; NUCLEI; PLASMA AB Bose-Einstein correlations of identically charged pion pairs were measured by the PHENIX experiment at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN)=200 GeV. The Bertsch-Pratt radius parameters were determined as a function of the transverse momentum of the pair and as a function of the centrality of the collision. Using the standard core-halo partial Coulomb fits, and a new parametrization which constrains the Coulomb fraction as determined from the unlike-sign pion correlation, the ratio R-out/R-side is within 0.8-1.1 for 0.25<<1.2 GeV/c. The centrality dependence of all radii is well described by a linear scaling in N-part(1/3), and R-out/R-side for similar to0.45 GeV/c is approximately constant at unity as a function of centrality. C1 Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. CIAE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Cyclotron Applicat Lab, KAERI, Seoul, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys RMKI, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN, CNRS IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, PNPI, Gatchina, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole Mines Nantes, CNRS IN2P3, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017; seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; du Rietz, Rickard/I-3794-2013; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; du Rietz, Rickard/0000-0002-9884-9058; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315 NR 35 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 6 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 152302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.152302 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600016 PM 15524868 ER PT J AU Alvarez, JV Rieger, H Zheludev, A AF Alvarez, JV Rieger, H Zheludev, A TI Dilution-controlled quantum criticality in rare-earth nickelates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STAGGERED MAGNETIC-FIELD; ISING SPIN-GLASS; HALDANE-GAP; CLUSTER ALGORITHM; LINEAR-CHAIN; BEHAVIOR; FERROMAGNET; EXCITATIONS; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; SINGULARITIES AB A microscopic model for the diluted spin-mixed compounds (RxY1-x)(2)BaNiO5 (R=magnetic rare earth) is studied using quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The ordering temperature is shown to be a universal function of the impurity concentration x and the intrinsic Ni-chain correlation length. An effective model for the critical modes is derived. The possibility of a quantum critical point driven by the rare-earth concentration and the existence of a quantum Griffiths phase in the high dilution limit is investigated. Several possible experimental approaches to verify the results are put forward. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Saarland, D-66041 Saarbrucken, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alvarez, JV (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Rieger, Heiko/C-3298-2012; Alvarez, Jose/H-4696-2015 OI Alvarez, Jose/0000-0001-5178-4309 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 156401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.156401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600057 PM 15524909 ER PT J AU Amarian, M Auerbach, L Averett, T Berthot, J Bertin, P Bertozzi, W Black, T Brash, E Brown, D Burtin, E Calarco, J Cates, G Chai, Z Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Cisbani, E de Jager, CW Deur, A DiSalvo, R Dieterich, S Djawotho, P Finn, JM Fissum, K Fonvieille, H Frullani, S Gao, H Gao, J Garibaldi, F Gasparian, A Gilad, S Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Glashausser, C Goldberg, E Gomez, J Gorbenko, V Hansen, JO Hersman, B Holmes, R Huber, GM Hughes, E Humensky, B Incerti, S Iodice, M Jensen, S Jiang, X Jones, C Jones, G Jones, M Jutier, C Ketikyan, A Kominis, I Korsch, W Kramer, K Kumar, K Kumbartzki, G Kuss, M Lakuriqi, E Laveissiere, G Lerose, J Liang, M Liyanage, N Lolos, G Malov, S Marroncle, J McCormick, K Mckeown, R Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Mitchell, J Papandreou, Z Pavlin, T Petratos, GG Pripstein, D Prout, D Ransome, R Roblin, Y Rowntree, D Rvachev, M Sabatie, F Saha, A Slifer, K Souder, P Saito, T Strauch, S Suleiman, R Takahashi, K Teijiro, S Todor, L Tsubota, H Ueno, H Urciuoli, G Van der Meer, R Vernin, P Voskanian, H Wojtsekhowski, B Xiong, F Xu, W Yang, JC Zhang, B Zolnierczuk, PA AF Amarian, M Auerbach, L Averett, T Berthot, J Bertin, P Bertozzi, W Black, T Brash, E Brown, D Burtin, E Calarco, J Cates, G Chai, Z Chen, JP Choi, S Chudakov, E Cisbani, E de Jager, CW Deur, A DiSalvo, R Dieterich, S Djawotho, P Finn, JM Fissum, K Fonvieille, H Frullani, S Gao, H Gao, J Garibaldi, F Gasparian, A Gilad, S Gilman, R Glamazdin, A Glashausser, C Goldberg, E Gomez, J Gorbenko, V Hansen, JO Hersman, B Holmes, R Huber, GM Hughes, E Humensky, B Incerti, S Iodice, M Jensen, S Jiang, X Jones, C Jones, G Jones, M Jutier, C Ketikyan, A Kominis, I Korsch, W Kramer, K Kumar, K Kumbartzki, G Kuss, M Lakuriqi, E Laveissiere, G Lerose, J Liang, M Liyanage, N Lolos, G Malov, S Marroncle, J McCormick, K Mckeown, R Meziani, ZE Michaels, R Mitchell, J Papandreou, Z Pavlin, T Petratos, GG Pripstein, D Prout, D Ransome, R Roblin, Y Rowntree, D Rvachev, M Sabatie, F Saha, A Slifer, K Souder, P Saito, T Strauch, S Suleiman, R Takahashi, K Teijiro, S Todor, L Tsubota, H Ueno, H Urciuoli, G Van der Meer, R Vernin, P Voskanian, H Wojtsekhowski, B Xiong, F Xu, W Yang, JC Zhang, B Zolnierczuk, PA CA Jefferson Lab E94010 Collaboration TI Measurement of the generalized forward spin polarizabilities of the neutron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; SUM-RULES; PROTON; EXTRACTION; NUCLEON AB The generalized forward spin polarizabilities gamma(0) and delta(LT) of the neutron have been extracted for the first time in a Q(2) range from 0.1 to 0.9 GeV2. Since gamma(0) is sensitive to nucleon resonances and delta(LT) is insensitive to the Delta resonance, it is expected that the pair of forward spin polarizabilities should provide benchmark tests of the current understanding of the chiral dynamics of QCD. The new results on delta(LT) show significant disagreement with chiral perturbation theory calculations, while the data for gamma(0) at low Q(2) are in good agreement with a next-to-leading-order relativistic baryon chiral perturbation theory calculation. The data show good agreement with the phenomenological MAID model. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC IN2P3, CNRS, F-63170 Clermont Ferrand, France. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNI SPHN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Amarian, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Kominis, Iannis/C-5515-2011; Averett, Todd/A-2969-2011; Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; Sabatie, Franck/K-9066-2015; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Sabatie, Franck/0000-0001-7031-3975; Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Kumar, Krishna/0000-0001-5318-4622; Glamazdin, Alexander/0000-0002-4172-7324; Incerti, Sebastien/0000-0002-0619-2053 NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 152301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.152301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600015 PM 15524867 ER PT J AU Bozovic, I Logvenov, G Verhoeven, MAJ Caputo, P Goldobin, E Beasley, MR AF Bozovic, I Logvenov, G Verhoeven, MAJ Caputo, P Goldobin, E Beasley, MR TI Giant proximity effect in cuprate superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; FLUCTUATION; BARRIERS; ONSET AB Using an advanced molecular beam epitaxy system, we have reproducibly synthesized atomically smooth films of high-temperature superconductors and uniform trilayer junctions with virtually perfect interfaces. We found that supercurrent runs through very thick barriers. We can rule out pinholes and microshorts; this "giant proximity effect" (GPE) is intrinsic. It defies the conventional explanation; it might originate in resonant tunneling through pair states in an almost-superconducting barrier. GPE may also be significant for superconducting electronics, since thick barriers are easier to fabricate. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oxxel GmbH, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bozovic, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bozovic@bnl.gov RI Goldobin, Edward/A-4302-2010 NR 33 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 157002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.157002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600073 PM 15524925 ER PT J AU Catani, S de Florian, D Rodrigo, G Vogelsang, W AF Catani, S de Florian, D Rodrigo, G Vogelsang, W TI Perturbative generation of a strange-quark asymmetry in the nucleon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; 3-LOOP SPLITTING FUNCTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; FLAVOR ASYMMETRY; LEADING ORDER; SEA; QCD; LIMIT AB We point out that perturbative evolution in QCD at three loops generates a strange-antistrange asymmetry s(x)-(s) over bar (x) in the nucleon's sea just from the fact that the nucleon has nonvanishing up and down quark valence densities. The recently computed three-loop splitting functions allow for an estimate of this effect. We find that a fairly sizable asymmetry may be generated. Results for analogous asymmetries in the heavy-quark sector are also presented. C1 Univ Florence, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, Dipartimento Fis, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Inst Fis Corpuscular, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Catani, S (reprint author), Univ Florence, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, Dipartimento Fis, I-50019 Florence, Italy. RI Rodrigo, German /B-8364-2009; de Florian, Daniel/B-6902-2011 OI de Florian, Daniel/0000-0002-3724-0695 NR 28 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 152003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.152003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600014 PM 15524866 ER PT J AU Deeney, C Apruzese, JP Coverdale, CA Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Davis, J AF Deeney, C Apruzese, JP Coverdale, CA Whitney, KG Thornhill, JW Davis, J TI Spectroscopic diagnosis of nested-wire-array dynamics and interpenetration at 7 MA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID Z-PINCH IMPLOSIONS; GAS PUFF; MODES; POWER AB Nested-wire array experiments have been conducted at the 7 MA level with 150 ns implosion times from an outer diameter of 40 mm. Analysis of spectral data indicates that material from the outer array preferentially occupies the high temperature core of the stagnated pinch independent of the interwire gap in the range of 1.1 to 4.5 mm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Berkeley Scholars Inc, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Deeney, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 155001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.155001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600038 PM 15524890 ER PT J AU Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R Bauer, ED Maple, MB Frederick, NA Yuhasz, WM Woodward, FM Lynn, JW AF Goremychkin, EA Osborn, R Bauer, ED Maple, MB Frederick, NA Yuhasz, WM Woodward, FM Lynn, JW TI Crystal field potential of PrOs4Sb12: Consequences for superconductivity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION SUPERCONDUCTOR; METALS; STATE AB The results of inelastic neutron scattering provide a solution for the crystal field level scheme in PrOs4Sb12, in which the ground state in the cubic crystal field potential of T-h symmetry is a Gamma(1) singlet. The conduction electron mass enhancement is consistent with inelastic exchange scattering, and we propose that inelastic quadrupolar, or aspherical Coulomb, scattering is responsible for enhancing the superconducting transition temperature. PrOs4Sb12 appears to be the first compound in which aspherical Coulomb scattering is strong enough to overcome magnetic pair breaking and increase T-c. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ROsborn@anl.gov RI Yuhasz, William/C-9418-2009; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 NR 26 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 157003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.157003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600074 PM 15524926 ER PT J AU Islam, Z Liu, X Sinha, SK Lang, JC Moss, SC Haskel, D Srajer, G Wochner, P Lee, DR Haeffner, DR Welp, U AF Islam, Z Liu, X Sinha, SK Lang, JC Moss, SC Haskel, D Srajer, G Wochner, P Lee, DR Haeffner, DR Welp, U TI Four-unit-cell superstructure in the optimally doped YBa2Cu3O6.92 superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CHARGE-STRIPE ORDER; X-RAY; SCATTERING; LA1.48ND0.4SR0.12CUO4; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; DIFFRACTION; MAGNETISM; STATES; HOLES AB Diffuse x-ray scattering measurements reveal that the optimally doped YBa2Cu3O6.92 superconductor is intrinsically modulated due to the formation of a kinetically limited 4-unit-cell superlattice, q(0)=(1/4 ,0,0), along the shorter Cu-Cu bonds. The superlattice consists of large anisotropic displacements of Cu, Ba, and O atoms, respectively, which are correlated over similar to3-6 unit cells in the ab plane, and appears to be consistent with the presence of an O-ordered "ortho-IV" phase. Long-range strains emanating from these modulated regions generate an inhomogeneous lattice which may play a fundamentally important role in the electronic properties of yttrium-barium-copper-oxides. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct & Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Islam, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 157008 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.157008 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600079 PM 15524931 ER PT J AU Lai, K Pan, W Tsui, DC Lyon, S Muhlberger, M Schaffler, F AF Lai, K Pan, W Tsui, DC Lyon, S Muhlberger, M Schaffler, F TI Two-flux composite fermion series of the fractional quantum Hall states in strained Si SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SI/SIGE HETEROSTRUCTURES; ELECTRON AB Magnetotransport properties are investigated in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system in the strained Si quantum well of a (100) Si0.75Ge0.25/Si/Si0.75Ge0.25 heterostructure, at temperatures down to 30 mK and in magnetic fields up to 45 T. We observe around nu=1/2 the two-flux composite fermion (CF) series of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) at nu=2/3, 3/5, 4/7, and at nu=4/9,2/5,1/3. Among these FQHE states, the nu=1/3,4/7, and 4/9 states are seen for the first time in the Si/SiGe system. Interestingly, of the CF series, the 3/5 state is weaker than the nearby 4/7 state and the 3/7 state is conspicuously missing, resembling the observation in the IQHE regime that the nu=3 is weaker than the nearby nu=4 state. Our results can be quantitatively understood in the picture of CF's with the valley degree of freedom. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Linz, Inst Halbleiterphys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. RP Lai, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Muhlberger, Michael/A-6586-2010; Schaffler, Friedrich/C-7026-2017; OI Schaffler, Friedrich/0000-0002-7093-2554; Muhlberger, Michael/0000-0001-7542-8552 NR 24 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 156805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.156805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600071 PM 15524923 ER PT J AU Lany, S Zunger, A AF Lany, S Zunger, A TI Metal-dimer atomic reconstruction leading to deep donor states of the anion vacancy in II-VI and chalcopyrite semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NATIVE-DEFECT COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; TOTAL-ENERGY; F-CENTRE; ZNSE; CUINSE2 AB First-principles total-energy calculations reveal a novel local atomic reconstruction mode around anion vacancies in II-VI and chalcopyrite compounds resulting from the formation of metal dimers. As a consequence, the neutral Se vacancy has an unexpected low symmetry in ZnSe and becomes a deep donor in both ZnSe and CuGaSe2, contrary to the common belief regarding chalcopyrites. The calculated optical transition energies explain the hitherto puzzling absorption bands observed in the classic experiments of the color center in ZnS. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lany, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI Lany, Stephan/0000-0002-8127-8885 NR 29 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 156404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.156404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600060 PM 15524912 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Louca, D Ueda, H Park, S Sato, TJ Isobe, M Ueda, Y Rosenkranz, S Zschack, P Iniguez, J Qiu, Y Osborn, R AF Lee, SH Louca, D Ueda, H Park, S Sato, TJ Isobe, M Ueda, Y Rosenkranz, S Zschack, P Iniguez, J Qiu, Y Osborn, R TI Orbital and spin chains in ZnV2O4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDE; PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; PHASE-TRANSITION; SYSTEM CDV2O4; LIV2O4; DISTORTION; LIQUID AB Our powder inelastic neutron scattering data indicate that ZnV2O4 is a system of spin chains that are three-dimensionally tangled in the cubic phase above 50 K due to randomly occupied t(2g) orbitals of V3+ (3d(2)) ions. Below 50 K in the tetragonal phase, the chains become straight due to antiferro-orbital ordering. This is evidenced by the characteristic wave vector dependence of the magnetic structure factor that changes from symmetric to asymmetric at the cubic-to-tetragonal transition. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, HANARO Ctr, Taejon, South Korea. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011; Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009; Isobe, Masahiko/B-5616-2015; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140; Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998 NR 30 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 43 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 156407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.156407 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600063 PM 15524915 ER PT J AU Marquis, EA Hamilton, JC Medlin, DL Leonard, F AF Marquis, EA Hamilton, JC Medlin, DL Leonard, F TI Finite-size effects on the structure of grain boundaries SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TWIN BOUNDARY; ALUMINUM AB We present a combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the structure of finite-sized Sigma3 {112} grain boundaries in Au. High-resolution electron microscopy shows lattice translations at the grain boundary, with the magnitude of the translation varying along the finite-sized grain boundaries. The presence of this structural profile is explained using continuum elasticity theory and first-principles calculations as originating from a competition between elastic energy and the energy cost of forming continuous {111} planes across the boundary. This competition leads to a structural transition between offset-free and nontrivial grain boundary structures at a critical grain boundary size, in agreement with the experiments. We also provide a method to estimate the energy barrier of the gamma surface. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marquis, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Marquis, Emmanuelle/O-5647-2014 OI Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 156101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.156101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600052 PM 15524904 ER PT J AU Morris, GD MacFarlane, WA Chow, KH Salman, Z Arseneau, DJ Daviel, S Hatakeyama, A Kreitzman, SR Levy, CDP Poutissou, R Heffner, RH Elenewski, JE Greene, LH Kiefl, RF AF Morris, GD MacFarlane, WA Chow, KH Salman, Z Arseneau, DJ Daviel, S Hatakeyama, A Kreitzman, SR Levy, CDP Poutissou, R Heffner, RH Elenewski, JE Greene, LH Kiefl, RF TI Depth-controlled beta-NMR of Li-8 in a thin silver film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; SURFACE; COPPER; METAL; B12 AB Depth-controlled beta-NMR can be used to probe the magnetic properties of thin films and interfaces on a nanometer length scale. A 30 keV beam of highly spin-polarized Li-8(+) ions was slowed down and implanted into a 50 nm film of Ag deposited on a SrTiO3 substrate. A novel high field beta-NMR spectrometer was used to observe two well resolved resonances which are attributed to Li occupying substitutional and octahedral interstitial sites in the Ag lattice. The temperature dependence of the Knight shifts and spin relaxation rates are consistent with the Korringa law for a simple metal, implying that the NMR of implanted Li-8 reflects the spin suspectibility of bulk metallic silver. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Morris, GD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Salman, Zaher/A-5696-2008; Hatakeyama, Atsushi/E-6810-2013; OI Salman, Zaher/0000-0002-3431-8135; Hatakeyama, Atsushi/0000-0002-0196-0375; Elenewski, Justin/0000-0002-0345-2585 NR 24 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 157601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.157601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600089 PM 15524941 ER PT J AU Sushkov, AO Williams, E Yashchuk, VV Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK AF Sushkov, AO Williams, E Yashchuk, VV Budker, D Lamoreaux, SK TI Kerr effect in liquid helium at temperatures below the superfluid transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The electro-optical Kerr effect induced by a slowly varying electric field in liquid helium at temperatures below the lambda point is investigated. The Kerr constant of liquid helium is measured to be (1.43+/-0.02((stat))+/-0.04((sys)))x10(-20) (cm/V)(2) at T=1.5 K. Within experimental uncertainty, the Kerr constant is independent of temperature in the range T=1.5 K to 2.17 K, which implies that the Kerr constant of the superfluid component of liquid helium is the same as that of normal liquid helium. Pair and higher correlations of He atoms in the liquid phase account for about 23% of the measured Kerr constant. Liquid nitrogen was used to test the experimental setup; the result for the liquid nitrogen Kerr constant is (4.38+/-0.15)x10(-18) (cm/V)(2). Kerr effect can be used as a noncontact technique for measuring the magnitude and mapping out the distribution of electric fields inside these cryogenic insulants. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys 23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sushkov, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alex000@socrates.berkeley.edu; ewilliam@uclink.berkeley.edu; yashchuk@socrates.berkeley.edu; budker@socrates.berkeley.edu; lamore@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 15 AR 153003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.153003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860KD UT WOS:000224341600021 PM 15524873 ER PT J AU Rodin, GJ Overfelt, JR AF Rodin, GJ Overfelt, JR TI Periodic conduction problems: the fast multipole method and convergence of integral equations and lattice sums SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fast multipole method (FMM); periodic boundary-value problem; lattice sums; boundary-element method (BEM) ID MANY-PARTICLE PROBLEMS; EFFICIENT ALGORITHM; DEFORMABLE DROPS; SPHERES; SUSPENSIONS; SIMULATIONS AB This paper presents a, version of the fast multipole method (FMM) for integral equations describing conduction through three-dimensional periodic heterogeneous media. The proposed method is based on the standard rather than periodic fundamental solution, and therefore it is very close to the original FMM. In deriving the method, particular attention is paid to convergence of arising integral equations and lattice sums. It is shown that convergence can be achieved without introducing artificial compensatory sources or boundary conditions. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Computat Mech Architectures, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodin, GJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Computat Engn Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM gjr@ices.utexas.edu NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 460 IS 2050 BP 2883 EP 2902 DI 10.1098/rspa.2004.1318 PG 20 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 863JN UT WOS:000224557800007 ER PT J AU Faigel, G Tegze, M Bortel, G Jurek, Z Marchesini, S Belakhovsky, M Simionovici, A AF Faigel, G Tegze, M Bortel, G Jurek, Z Marchesini, S Belakhovsky, M Simionovici, A TI Holographic methods as local probes of the atomic order in solids SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Chamonix, FRANCE SP Ecole Normale Superieure, European Synchrotron Radiat Facil DE X-ray; holography; atomic resolution; 3D structure ID X-RAY HOLOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION PATTERNS; RESOLUTION; RECONSTRUCTION; PHOTOELECTRON AB In the last 15 years, several techniques based on the holographic principle have been developed for the study of the 31) local order in solids. These methods use various particles: electrons, hard X-ray photons, gamma photons, or neutrons to image the atoms. Although the practical realisation of the various imaging experiments is very different, there is a common thread; the use of inside reference points for holographic imaging. In this paper, we outline the basics of atomic resolution holography using inside reference points, with particular emphasis on the hard X-ray case. Furthermore, we outline the experimental requirements and what has been practically realized in the last decade. Lastly, we give examples of applications and future perspectives. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, Xray Diffract Lab, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Cea Grenoble, DRFMC SP2M, F-38054 Grenoble, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Faigel, G (reprint author), Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, Xray Diffract Lab, POB 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM gf@szfki.hu RI Marchesini, Stefano/A-6795-2009 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 10-11 BP 1523 EP 1528 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2004.07.011 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 867MZ UT WOS:000224848000005 ER PT J AU Grolimund, D Senn, M Trottmann, M Janousch, M Bonhoure, I Scheidegger, AM Marcus, M AF Grolimund, D Senn, M Trottmann, M Janousch, M Bonhoure, I Scheidegger, AM Marcus, M TI Shedding new light on historical metal samples using micro-focused synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and spectroscopy SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis CY SEP 22-26, 2003 CL Chamonix, FRANCE SP Ecole Normale Superieure, European Synchrotron Radiat Facil DE micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy; micro-XRF; micro-XANES; micro-EXAFS; archaeology; grazing-exit; oxidation state mapping ID RADIATION MICROPROBE; SELF-ABSORPTION; MIRRORS; ARCHAEOMETRY; XRF AB Synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy (micro-XAS) were used in the present study to obtain spatially resolved micro-scale information on elemental composition, trace element distribution, chemical speciation and oxidation state and/or mineral phase distribution within historical iron artefacts dating from the Iron Age to early Medieval Times. Large area two-dimensional trace element distribution maps and oxidation state maps with micrometer spatial resolution were required to answer open archaeological questions in the context of ancient metal processing. The first set of examples was focusing on historical weapons and included two ancient iron sword blades. The micro-XRF maps revealed a distinct, highly correlated distribution pattern of trace elements such as As, Ni, Cu and Zn. Accordingly, the number of used raw materials could be determined unambiguously and key information concerning the used ancient smithing technique were gained. Further, the ability to record-in a fast manner-large area maps with high spatial resolution ('elemental screening') led to the discovery of a hitherto unknown enhanced occurrence of selected trace elements (Cu, Zn, and An) at the blade surface. Complementary investigations by high resolution scanning electron microscopy were able to localize these trace metals within a carbon-rich matrix may be pointing towards an artifact induced during preservation. A second set of investigated artefacts is dealing with smithing waste products and related historical processing techniques and conditions. Synchrotron-based micro-XRF and micro-XAS were used to determine the structural composition as well as the spatial variation of the predominant Fe oxidation state and corresponding crystallographic phases. The study revealed the presence of distinct domains of Fe-0, (FeO)-O-II (wustite), and alpha-(FeOOH)-O-III (goethite), separated by sharp domain boundaries. These findings help to gain new insights concerning the nature and origin of used raw materials as well as regarding employed processing techniques during historic iron fabrication and weapon manufacturing. The study demonstrates the potential of oxidation state and mineral phase mapping based on energy selective micro-XRF maps and spectroscopic phase identification. Such a spatially resolved recording of the chemical speciation is based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This analytical technique is exclusive to synchrotron light sources. However, the steadily increasing number of available synchrotron-based X-ray microprobes allows nowadays for more routine utilization of such micro-XAS techniques. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source & Waste Management Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, EMPA, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grolimund, D (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source & Waste Management Lab, WLGA 221, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM Daniel.Grolimund@psi.ch RI Janousch, Markus/B-3285-2010 NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD OCT 8 PY 2004 VL 59 IS 10-11 BP 1627 EP 1635 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2004.07.028 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 867MZ UT WOS:000224848000019 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ AF Miller, JA Klippenstein, SJ TI Some observations concerning detailed balance in association/dissociation reactions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHENOMENOLOGICAL RATE COEFFICIENTS; 2-DIMENSIONAL MASTER EQUATION; DIATOMIC MOLECULES; DISSOCIATION; RECOMBINATION; KINETICS; DECOMPOSITION; EQUILIBRIUM; ACTIVATION; PRESSURE AB In this article we discuss the chemical kinetics of reversible association/dissociation reactions at great length. We find that, as long as the characteristic time for internal-energy relaxation is faster (not necessarily much faster) than that for chemical reaction, there will be a period of time, perhaps only late in the reaction but before equilibrium is reached, during which phenomenological rate laws will apply with rate coefficients that satisfy detailed balance. The nonequilibrium factor, f(ne), originally introduced by Smith, McEwan, and Gilbert (J. Chem. Phys. 1989, 90, 4265-4273) is not a measure of the degree to which detailed balance is satisfied by the association and dissociation rate coefficients. It is simply the fractional contribution to the "long-time" association rate coefficient, k(add), of the slowest-relaxing eigenmode of the system. That is, 1 - f(ne) is the fractional contribution to the same rate coefficient of the internal-energy relaxation modes. The standard practice of taking the dissociation rate coefficient, k(d), to be equal to that for irreversible dissociation is accurate as long as gamma equivalent to K(eq)n(m)(1 - f(ne)) much less than 1, where K-eq is the equilibrium constant for the association reaction, and n(m) is the concentration of the excess reactant under pseudo first-order conditions for the association reaction. Both rate coefficients, k(add) and k(d), show a very weak composition dependence, i.e., dependence on n(m). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 40 BP 8296 EP 8306 DI 10.1021/jp040287c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 858TG UT WOS:000224214100021 ER PT J AU Krasnoperov, LN Michael, JV AF Krasnoperov, LN Michael, JV TI High-temperature shock tube studies using multipass absorption: Rate constant results for OH+CH3, OH+CH2, and the dissociation of CH3OH SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RATE COEFFICIENTS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; METHYL RADICALS; WAVES; H-2; DECOMPOSITION; COLLISIONS; METHANE; CH3+OH; YIELDS AB The reflected shock tube technique with multipass absorption spectrometric detection has been used to study the reactions of OH radicals: (1) OH + CH3 - (CH2)-C-1 + H2O, (2) OH + (CH2)-C-3 --> CH2O + H, and the thermal dissociation of methanol, (3) CH3OH --> CH3 + OH. (1) has never been studied above 1000 K, (2) has never been studied, and (3) has been studied but with conflicting results. Depending on conditions, all three reactions can be important in combustion systems, and this realization supplies the motivation for the present study. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, methanol, and methyl iodide were used as pyrolytic precursors of hydroxyl and methyl radicals. Methylene was produced by the pyrolysis of ketene. The experiments were performed in single-shot experiments with low initial concentrations of hydroxyl radicals, [OH](0) = (4.5-130) x 10(12) molecules cm(-3). [OH](t) was measured with resonance absorption around 308 nm. The measured rate constants are k(1) = 1.74 x 10(-11) exp(915 K/T) (834-2383 K), k(2) = (2.6 +/- 1.6) x 10(-11) (1841-2324 K), and k(3) = 4.39 x 10(-8) exp(-31 938 K/T), all in cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). In addition, the yield of OH radicals in the pyrolysis of methanol was determined, 0.94 +/- 0.09 (1841-2309 K). Where possible, these results are compared to earlier data and estimates. Existing theory is also reviewed and compared to the present results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, D-193,Bldg 200, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmichael@anl.gov RI Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 40 BP 8317 EP 8323 DI 10.1021/jp040343+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 858TG UT WOS:000224214100023 ER PT J AU Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT AF Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT TI Desulfurization of SO2 and thiophene on surfaces and nanoparticles of molybdenum carbide: Unexpected ligand and steric effects SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CARBIDES; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; ADSORPTION; DENSITY; CHEMISTRY; MO AB The destruction of S-containing molecules is a very important issue in the chemical industry and the control of environmental pollution. The desulfurization of sulfur dioxide and thiophene on molybdenum carbide surfaces, alpha-Mo2C(001) and delta-MoC(001), and on a Mo8C12 nanoparticle was studied with density functional theory. Our study reveals unexpected ligand and steric effects. The Mo8C12 nanoparticle behaves as actively as alpha-Mo2C(001) toward SO2 despite the high C/Mo ratio and C-2 groups. In contrast, SO2 bonds weakly with delta-MoC(001). Spontaneous S-O bond cleavage was observed on both Mo8C12 and alpha-Mo2C(001). Contrary to common assumptions, the C atoms are not simple spectators and play a key role in the energetics for the dissociation Of SO2. In the case of thiophene adsorption, only alpha-Mo2C(001) exhibits a high chemical activity that leads to a spontaneous S-C bond cleavage. The interaction of thiophene with both delta-MoC(001) and Mo8C12 is weak. On the nanoparticle, steric repulsion between the C-2 groups and thiophene overcomes the high reactivity of the Mo atoms in corner or edge sites. Our results illustrate the interplay of ligand and steric effects in nanoparticles of metal compounds. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 NR 88 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 40 BP 15662 EP 15670 DI 10.1021/jp040267a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 858TA UT WOS:000224213500032 ER PT J AU Schwartz, V Mullins, DR Yan, WF Chen, B Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Schwartz, V Mullins, DR Yan, WF Chen, B Dai, S Overbury, SH TI XAS study of Au supported on TiO2: Influence of oxidation state and particle size on catalytic activity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; GOLD; NANOPARTICLES; HYDROGEN; ANATASE; ZEOLITE; OXIDES; SHIFT; EXAFS AB The effect of synthesis and reaction conditions on the structure and activity of An clusters supported on nanocrystalline and mesoporous TiO2 was investigated. X-ray absorption spectroscopy was applied to correlate the particle size and the oxidation state with several parameters, such as pH of the precursor solution, An loading, pretreatment, and support structure. The study using mesoporous TiO2 as the support shows that lower Au loadings resulted in bigger An aggregates with lower reducibility. The high activity state for Au supported in different allotropic forms of TiO2 corresponds to Au in a fully reduced state. Furthermore, once reduced, no reoxidation occurs under reaction conditions, even after flowing air at higher temperatures (150 and 300 degreesC). Therefore, our results indicate that oxidized Au is not necessary for high activity. The activity decreased with particle growth, and, compared to the other allotropic TiO2, An on brookite exhibited no significant particle agglomeration and was the most active catalyst after treatment at 300 degreesC. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schwartz, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS-6201, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM schwartzv@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 33 TC 123 Z9 129 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 40 BP 15782 EP 15790 DI 10.1021/jp048076v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 858TA UT WOS:000224213500047 ER PT J AU Grossman, JC Schwegler, E Galli, G AF Grossman, JC Schwegler, E Galli, G TI Quantum and classical molecular dynamics simulations of hydrophobic hydration structure around small solutes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; ALL-ATOM MODEL; LIQUID WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PRIMITIVE MODELS; FREE-ENERGIES; TIP4P WATER; METHANE AB We present a combination of classical and first principles molecular dynamics simulations of hydrophobic hydration structure. Our results show that water molecules surrounding two small hydrophobic solutes are oriented in a similar fashion, and that the driving force for this orientation is the water-water interaction rather than the water-solute interaction. In contrast, the spatial distribution of water around the hydrophobic Solute is strongly influenced by the solute, and the driving force for the observed distribution is largely a steric effect. In addition to the size and structure of the solute, we find that the spatial distribution of water is sensitive to pressure. Using quantum simulations as a benchmark for classical potentials, we evaluate the accuracy of several empirical based models in predicting detailed information regarding the structure of water around small hydrophobic solutes. Our results demonstrate that the radial and spatial distribution of water molecules around different solutes obtained classically and quantum mechanically agree rather well, indicating that classical potentials are well suited for examining these properties related to hydrophobic hydration structure. However. we do find that properties such as the angular distribution of water and hydrogen bond ring statistics agree to a lesser extent and depend strongly on the classical potential employed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grossman, JC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 50 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 40 BP 15865 EP 15872 DI 10.1021/jp0470187 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 858TA UT WOS:000224213500058 ER PT J AU Chen, J Spagnoal, P Bhattacharya, RN Ren, ZF AF Chen, J Spagnoal, P Bhattacharya, RN Ren, ZF TI Preparation of high J(c) YBCO coated conductors on non-magnetic Ni-W substrates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; EPITAXIAL DEPOSITION AB We report on the preparation of high J(c) YBCO coated conductors on non-magnetic Ni-W substrates. In order to minimize the deleterious effects of tungsten oxide formation on the epitaxial growth of oxide buffer layers and YBCO films, an electrodeposition approach has been developed to epitaxially grow an about 2 mum Ni layer (Ed-Ni layer) on Ni-3 at% W tapes. With this method, the surface for epitaxy of the first oxide seed layer is not exposed to the Ni-W surface, and high quality CeO2/yttria-stabilized zirconia/CeO2 buffer layers and YBCO films have been grown on the Ed-Ni/Ni-3 at% W substrates by pulsed laser deposition. A critical current density, J(c), of 1.49 MA cm(-2) has been achieved at 75.2 K and in a magnetic field of 83 mT. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 19 BP 2623 EP 2627 AR PII S0022-3727(04)74643-4 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/37/19/001 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864YO UT WOS:000224669500003 ER PT J AU Lewis, LH Kim, J Barmak, K Crew, DC AF Lewis, LH Kim, J Barmak, K Crew, DC TI Interphase exchange effects in CoPt/Co bilayer thin films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC PROPERTIES; INTERDIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR; CO AB The condition of the interphase interface in model exchange-spring CoPt/Co bilayers was correlated with the magnetic response. Polycrystalline bilayer samples of 16.7-nm Co and 25-nm L1(0)-type CoPt were fabricated and subsequently annealed to vary the condition of the interphase interface. Although the thickness of the soft phase component exceeded that for ideal (i.e. completely reversible) interlayer exchange coupling, this thickness allowed correlations between the interfacial condition and the magnetic quality of the exchange spring components to be observed and quantified via magnetic recoil measurements. Annealing the bilayers at 300degreesC for 20 min produced a 63.0% increase in the coercivity of the soft component, while at the same time the coercivity of the hard component was decreased by 18.5%. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys M013, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Barmak, Katayun/A-9804-2008 OI Barmak, Katayun/0000-0003-0070-158X NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 19 BP 2638 EP 2642 AR PII S0022-3727(04)79007-5 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/37/19/004 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 864YO UT WOS:000224669500006 ER PT J AU Vaniman, DT Bish, DL Chipera, SJ Fialips, CI Carey, JW Feldman, WC AF Vaniman, DT Bish, DL Chipera, SJ Fialips, CI Carey, JW Feldman, WC TI Magnesium sulphate salts and the history of water on Mars SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN SURFACE; MINERALS; ROCKS; SOIL; SITE AB Recent reports of similar to30 wt% of sulphate within saline sediments onMars(1,2)-probably occurring in hydrated form(3)-suggest a role for sulphates in accounting for equatorial H2O observed in a global survey by the Odyssey spacecraft(4). Among salt hydrates likely to be present(3), those of the MgSO4.nH(2)O series have many hydration states. Here we report the exposure of several of these phases to varied temperature, pressure and humidity to constrain their possible H2O contents under martian surface conditions. We found that crystalline structure and H2O content are dependent on temperature-pressure history, that an amorphous hydrated phase with slow dehydration kinetics forms at <1% relative humidity, and that equilibrium calculations may not reflect the true H2O-bearing potential of martian soils. Mg sulphate salts can retain sufficient H2O to explain a portion of the Odyssey observations(5). Because phases in the MgSO4&BULL;nH(2)O system are sensitive to temperature and humidity, they can reveal much about the history of water on Mars. However, their ease of transformation implies that salt hydrates collected on Mars will not be returned to Earth unmodified, and that accurate in situ analysis is imperative. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Vaniman, DT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vaniman@lanl.gov RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011 NR 23 TC 155 Z9 160 U1 6 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 431 IS 7009 BP 663 EP 665 DI 10.1038/nature02973 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 859WS UT WOS:000224299300033 PM 15470421 ER PT J AU Bonev, SA Schwegler, E Ogitsu, T Galli, G AF Bonev, SA Schwegler, E Ogitsu, T Galli, G TI A quantum fluid of metallic hydrogen suggested by first-principles calculations SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SOLID HYDROGEN; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MELTING CURVES; HIGH-PRESSURES; TRANSITIONS; SIMULATIONS; DEUTERIUM; LIQUIDS; DENSITY; GPA AB It is generally assumed(1-3) that solid hydrogen will transform into a metallic alkali-like crystal at sufficiently high pressure. However, some theoretical models(4,5) have also suggested that compressed hydrogen may form an unusual two-component (protons and electrons) metallic fluid at low temperature, or possibly even a zero-temperature liquid ground state. The existence of these new states of matter is conditional on the presence of a maximum in the melting temperature versus pressure curve (the 'melt line'). Previous measurements(6-8) of the hydrogen melt line up to pressures of 44 GPa have led to controversial conclusions regarding the existence of this maximum. Here we report ab initio calculations that establish the melt line up to 200 GPa. We predict that subtle changes in the intermolecular interactions lead to a decline of the melt line above 90 GPa. The implication is that as solid molecular hydrogen is compressed, it transforms into a low-temperature quantum fluid before becoming a monatomic crystal. The emerging low-temperature phase diagram of hydrogen and its isotopes bears analogies with the familiar phases of He-3 and He-4 (the only known zero-temperature liquids), but the long-range Coulomb interactions and the large component mass ratio present in hydrogen would result in dramatically different properties(9). C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bonev, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bonev1@llnl.gov RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 30 TC 177 Z9 181 U1 4 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 431 IS 7009 BP 669 EP 672 DI 10.1038/nature02968 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 859WS UT WOS:000224299300035 PM 15470423 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Kovchegov, YV Tuchin, K AF Kharzeev, D Kovchegov, YV Tuchin, K TI Nuclear modification factor in d+Au collisions: onset of suppression in the color glass condensate SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE ENERGY-LOSS; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; SMALL-X; POMERANCHUK SINGULARITY; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; SEMIHARD PROCESSES AB We perform a quantitative analysis of the nuclear modification factor in deuteron-gold collisions R-dAu within the Color Glass Condensate approach, and compare our results with the recent data from RHIC experiments. Our model leads to Cronin enhancement at mid-rapidity, while at forward rapidities it predicts strong suppression of R-dAu at all P-T due to low-x evolution. We demonstrate that our results are consistent with the data for dAu charged hadron spectra, R-dAu and R-CP recently reported for rapidities in the interval eta = 0-3.2 by the BRAHMS experiment at RHIC. We a] so make a prediction for R-pA at mid-rapidity in pA collisions at the LHC. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 500, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kovcheg@u.washington.edu NR 92 TC 181 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 599 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.034 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 856OA UT WOS:000224053300003 ER PT J AU Afanasev, AV Merenkov, NP AF Afanasev, AV Merenkov, NP TI Collinear photon exchange in the beam normal polarization asymmetry of elastic electron-proton scattering SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB The parity-conserving single-spin beam asymmetry of elastic electron-proton scattering is induced by an absorptive part of the two-photon exchange amplitude. We demonstrate that this asymmetry has logarithmic and double-logarithmic enhancement due to contributions of hard collinear quasi-real photons. An optical theorem is used to evaluate the asymmetry in terms of the total photoproduction cross section on the proton, predicting its magnitude at 20-30 parts per million for high electron beam energies and small scattering angles. At fixed 4-momentum transfers, the asymmetry is rising logarithmically with increasing electron beam energy, following the high-energy diffractive behavior of total photoproduction cross section on the proton. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, NSC, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Afanasev, AV (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM andrei.afanasev@jlab.org OI Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 7 PY 2004 VL 599 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.08.023 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 856OA UT WOS:000224053300006 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Pless, JD Griend, DAV Stair, PC Poeppelmeier, KR Hu, ZB Jorgensen, JD AF Wang, XD Pless, JD Griend, DAV Stair, PC Poeppelmeier, KR Hu, ZB Jorgensen, JD TI Vanadium and molybdenum disorder in M2.5VMoO8 (M = Mg, Mn, and Zn) determined with neutron powder diffraction and phase formation studies of Mg2.5+xV1+2xMo1-2xO8 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE vanadate; molybdate; neutron diffraction; cation vacancies ID OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OXIDE CATALYSTS; SYSTEM; ALKANES; MGO-V2O5-MOO3; EQUILIBRIA; VANADATES; PROPANE; BUTANE AB Disorder between the vanadium and molybdenum sites was investigated using neutron diffraction on polycrystalline samples of M2.5VMoO8 (M = Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+) and the distribution of V5+ and Mo6+ among the tetrahedral sites was determined to be nearly statistical. The refined structures for all three polycrystalline samples corroborate those of corresponding single crystals determined previously with X-ray single crystal diffraction. Studies directed at the formation of Mg2.5+xV1+2xMo1-2xO8 (x = 0, +/-0.02 and +/-0.04) demonstrate that the phase begins to form at an appreciable rate at 1173 K, which is approximately 250 K below its melting point. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Poeppelmeier, KR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM krp@northwestern.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 379 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.02.015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 857QE UT WOS:000224132600017 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Pecharsky, AO Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA TI Phase relationships and low temperature heat capacities of alloys in the Y5Si4-Y5Ge4 pseudo binary system SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE yttrium silicide; yttrium germanide; yttrium-germanium-silicides; crystal structure; heat capacity; phase stability ID RARE EARTH-GERMANIUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SILICON-COMPOUNDS; TRANSITION; GD-5(SI1.8GE2.2); GD5SI4-GD5GE4; GD-5(SI2GE2) AB Phase compositions and crystal structures of 10 Y5SixGe4-x alloys with x varying from 0 to 4 have been studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction, and their heat capacities at constant pressure have been measured from similar to4 to 350 K using semi-adiabatic calorimetry. The silicide, Y5Si4, belongs to the Gd5Si2Ge2-type crystal structure; the germanide, Y5Ge4, belongs to the Sm5Ge4-type crystal structure. Two solid solutions exist in the Y5SixGe4-x system: alloys with x varying from 4 to 3.5 have the monoclinic Gd5Si2Ge2-type structure, and alloys with x varying from 3.0 to 0 have the orthorhombiC Sm5Ge4-type crystal structure. Low temperature heat capacity data indicate the absence of structural transitions below room temperature. The existence and terminations of the solid solution regions of the four structures which occur in the R5SixGe4-x systems, where R is a rare earth element, correlate with the radius ratio of the R metal divided by the weight average radius of the Si and Ge atoms in the given phase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, 242 Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vitkp@ameslab.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 379 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.03.069 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 857QE UT WOS:000224132600024 ER PT J AU Gehring, PM Chen, W Ye, ZG Shirane, G AF Gehring, PM Chen, W Ye, ZG Shirane, G TI The non-rhombohedral low-temperature structure of PMN-10% PT SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GLASSY POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O3; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O3; CERAMICS; SYSTEM; PMN AB The phase diagram of the Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 and PbTiO3 solid solution (PMN-xPT) depicts a boundary between cubic and rhombohedral phases for x less than or equal to 0.32. X-ray powder measurements reported by Dkhil et al show a rhombohedrally split (222) Bragg peak for PMN-10% PT at 80 K that is consistent with this phase boundary. Remarkably, our neutron data taken on a single crystal of the same compound with comparable q-resolution reveal a single resolution-limited (111) peak down to 50 K, and thus no rhombohedral distortion. Given the marked difference in penetration depths between x-rays and neutrons in these lead-oxide relaxor materials, our results suggest that the bulk structure, which is nearly cubic, differs from that of the outer layer in PMN-10% PT, a situation that has also recently been observed in PZN by Xu et al. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gehring, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 39 BP 7113 EP 7121 AR PII S0953-8984(04)76487-5 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/39/042 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866JB UT WOS:000224768700045 ER PT J AU Hartwigsen, CJ Song, Y McFarland, DM Bergman, LA Vakakis, AF AF Hartwigsen, CJ Song, Y McFarland, DM Bergman, LA Vakakis, AF TI Experimental study of non-linear effects in a typical shear lap joint configuration SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID BOLTED JOINTS; DYNAMICS AB Although mechanical joints are integral parts of most practical structures, their modelling and their effects on structural dynamics are not yet fully understood. This represents a serious impediment to accurate modelling of the dynamics and to the development of reduced-order, finite element models capable of describing the effects of mechanical joints on the dynamics. In this work we provide an experimental study to quantify the non-linear effects of a typical shear lap joint on the dynamics of two structures: a beam with a bolted joint in its center; and a frame with a bolted joint in one of its members. Both structures are subjected to a variety of dynamical tests to determine the non-linear effects of the joints. The tests reveal several important influences on the effective stiffness and damping of the lap joints. The possibility of using Iwan models to represent the experimentally observed joint effects is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Talbot Lab 306, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Tech Univ Athens, Div Mech, GR-15710 Zografos, Greece. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP McFarland, DM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Talbot Lab 306, MC-236, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cjhartw@sandia.gov; dmmcf@uiuc.edu; lbergman@uiuc.edu; vakakis@central.ntua.gr NR 20 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 327 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.09.018 PG 25 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 854LK UT WOS:000223904200016 ER PT J AU Krumper, JR Gerisch, M Magistrato, A Rothlisberger, U Bergman, RG Tilley, TD AF Krumper, JR Gerisch, M Magistrato, A Rothlisberger, U Bergman, RG Tilley, TD TI Unusual Ar-H/Rh-H J(HH) NMR coupling in complexes of Rhodium(III): Experimental evidence and theoretical support for an eta 1-arene structure SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; BIS(OXAZOLINE) PINCER LIGANDS; PERTURBATION-THEORY APPROACH; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HYDROGEN-BOND ACCEPTORS; ZIEGLER-NATTA CATALYSIS; C-H; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS AB The synthesis and structural properties of three new hydridorhodium(III) complexes are reported. Hydrogenolysis of the cyclometalated rhodium dichloride complexes [RhCl2{(S,S)-benbox(Me-2)}] (2a-c) leads to formation of the new complexes [RhCl2(H){(S,S)-ip-benbox(Me-2)H}] (3a-c) in 45% to 85% yield. Compounds 3a-c were found to have unusual features by NMR spectroscopy: in particular, downfield shifted aryl proton resonances (8.88-9.03 ppm) that were coupled to the rhodium hydride resonances. Using X-ray crystallographic studies, a variety of solid- and solution-state characterization techniques, and DFT calculations, these features were attributed to the presence of weak pi-type eta(1)-arene interactions in 3a-c. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, BCH 4109, Lab Computat Chem & Biochem, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. EM ursula.roethlisberger@epfl.ch; bergman@cchem.berkeley.edu; tdtilley@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 92 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 6 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 39 BP 12492 EP 12502 DI 10.1021/ja047665b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 858VJ UT WOS:000224219900070 PM 15453783 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DH Colvin, ME Yeh, Y Feeney, RE Fink, WH AF Nguyen, DH Colvin, ME Yeh, Y Feeney, RE Fink, WH TI Intermolecular interaction studies of winter flounder antifreeze protein reveal the existence of thermally accessible binding state SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE biological antifreeze; winter flounder; protein dimer; protein-protein interactions; molecular dynamics (MD) ID POINT-DEPRESSING GLYCOPROTEINS; ICE GROWTH-INHIBITION; FREEZING-POINT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ANTARCTIC FISHES; SEA RAVEN; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; HEMITRIPTERUS-AMERICANUS; BIOLOGICAL ANTIFREEZE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB The physical nature underlying intermolecular interactions between two rod-like winter flounder antifreeze protein (AFP) molecules and their implication for the mechanism of antifreeze function are examined in this work using molecular dynamics simulations, augmented with free energy calculations employing a continuum solvation model. The energetics for different modes of interactions of two AFP molecules is examined in both vacuum and aqueous phases along with the water distribution in the region encapsulated by two antiparallel AFP backbones. The results show that in a vacuum two AFP molecules intrinsically attract each other in the antiparallel fashion, where their complementary charge side chains face each other directly. In the aqueous environment, this attraction is counteracted by both screening and entropic effects. Therefore, two nearly energetically degenerate states, an aggregated state and a dissociated state, result as a new aspect of intermolecular interaction in the paradigm for the mechanism of action of AFP. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism of function of freezing inhibition in the context of our work on Antarctic cod antifreeze glycoprotein (Nguyen et al., Biophysical Journal, 2002, Vol. 82, pp. 2892-2905) is discussed. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Computat & Syst Biol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nguyen, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dnguyen@hms.harvard.edu; fink@chem.ucdavis.edu NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 75 IS 2 BP 109 EP 117 DI 10.1002/bip.20104 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 854ZR UT WOS:000223943100002 PM 15356865 ER PT J AU Shin, HH Jung, HS Hong, KS Lee, JK AF Shin, HH Jung, HS Hong, KS Lee, JK TI Crystallization process of TiO2 nanoparticles in an acidic solution SO CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ANATASE TIO2; RUTILE; TRANSFORMATION; POWDERS AB Hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide followed by condensation at 30degreesC yields amorphous TiO2. Addition of nitric acid for peptization greatly accelerates the rate of amorphous to anatase conversion, resulting in an anatase with locally imperfect atomic structure. Further conversion to rutile in acidic solution has been observed and a plausible phase transformation process has been postulated. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hong, KS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015; OI Jung, Hyun Suk/0000-0002-7803-6930 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU CHEMICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-5 KANDA-SURUGADAI CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-8307, JAPAN SN 0366-7022 EI 1348-0715 J9 CHEM LETT JI Chem. Lett. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1382 EP 1383 DI 10.1246/cl.2004.1382 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 862TL UT WOS:000224513900077 ER PT J AU Guliaev, AB Singer, B Hang, B AF Guliaev, AB Singer, B Hang, B TI Chloroethylnitrosourea-derived ethano cytosine and adenine adducts are substrates for Escherichia coli glycosylases excising analogous etheno adducts SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE chloroethylnitrosoureas; ethano adducts; etheno adducts; DNA repair; glycosylases ID 3-METHYLADENINE DNA GLYCOSYLASE; EXOCYCLIC LESION 3,N-4-ETHENO-2-DEOXYCYTIDINE; HALOETHYLNITROSOUREA-TREATED DNA; BASE EXCISION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; OLIGOMERIC DNA; N-GLYCOSYLASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENDONUCLEASE IV; REPAIR ENZYME AB Exocyclic ethano DNA adducts are saturated etheno ring derivatives formed mainly by therapeutic chloroethylnitrosoureas (CNUs), which are also mutagenic and carcinogenic. In this work, we report that two of the ethano adducts, 3,N(4)-ethanocytosine (EC) and 1,N(6)-ethanoadenine (EA), are novel substrates for the Escherichia coli mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase (Mug) and 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II (AlkA), respectively. It has been shown previously that Mug excises 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine (epsilonC) and AlkA releases 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (EA). Using synthetic oligonucleotides containing a single ethano or etheno adduct, we found that both glycosylases had a similar to20-fold lower excision activity toward EC or EA than that toward their structurally analogous epsilonC or epsilonA adduct. Both enzymes were capable of excising the ethano base paired with any of the four natural bases, but with varying efficiencies. The Mug activity toward EC could be stimulated by E. coli endonuclease IV and, more efficiently, by exonuclease III. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed similar structural features of the etheno and ethano derivatives when present in DNA duplexes. However, also as shown by MD, the stacking interaction between the EC base and Phe 30 in the Mug active site is reduced as compared to the epsilonC base, which could account for the lower EC activity observed in this study. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hang, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bo_hang@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA72079, CA47723] NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1311 EP 1321 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.04.015 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 855QT UT WOS:000223989500006 PM 15336626 ER PT J AU Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Fellers, JF Simunovic, S Boeman, RG AF Jacob, GC Starbuck, JM Fellers, JF Simunovic, S Boeman, RG TI Strain rate effects on the mechanical properties of polymer composite materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE composites; fibers; resins; mechanical properties ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; TENSILE RESPONSE; DEFORMATION; FAILURE AB This paper is a detailed review of the strain rate dependence of some mechanical properties of polymer composite materials. An attempt is made to present and summarize much of the published work relating to the effect of strain rate studies done in the past on the tensile, shear, compressive, and flexural properties of composite materials to better understand the strain rate effects on these mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jacob, GC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gjacob@utk.edu RI Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 NR 39 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 94 IS 1 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1002/app.20901 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 848HZ UT WOS:000223459500037 ER PT J AU Kahn, R Anderson, J Anderson, TL Bates, T Brechtel, F Carrico, CM Clarke, A Doherty, SJ Dutton, E Flagan, R Frouin, R Fukushima, H Holben, B Howell, S Huebert, B Jefferson, A Jonsson, H Kalashnikova, O Kim, J Kim, SW Kus, P Li, WH Livingston, JM McNaughton, C Merrill, J Mukai, S Murayama, T Nakajima, T Quinn, P Redemann, J Rood, M Russell, P Sano, I Schmid, B Seinfeld, J Sugimoto, N Wang, J Welton, EJ Won, JG Yoon, SC AF Kahn, R Anderson, J Anderson, TL Bates, T Brechtel, F Carrico, CM Clarke, A Doherty, SJ Dutton, E Flagan, R Frouin, R Fukushima, H Holben, B Howell, S Huebert, B Jefferson, A Jonsson, H Kalashnikova, O Kim, J Kim, SW Kus, P Li, WH Livingston, JM McNaughton, C Merrill, J Mukai, S Murayama, T Nakajima, T Quinn, P Redemann, J Rood, M Russell, P Sano, I Schmid, B Seinfeld, J Sugimoto, N Wang, J Welton, EJ Won, JG Yoon, SC TI Environmental snapshots from ACE-Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosols; environmental snapshots; dust; pollution; atmospheric closure ID AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; LOWER TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; AIRBORNE IN-SITU; WATER-VAPOR; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; MAUNA-LOA AB On five occasions spanning the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) field campaign in spring 2001, the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer spaceborne instrument took data coincident with high-quality observations by instruments on two or more surface and airborne platforms. The cases capture a range of clean, polluted, and dusty aerosol conditions. With a three-stage optical modeling process, we synthesize the data from over 40 field instruments into layer-by-layer environmental snapshots that summarize what we know about the atmospheric and surface states at key locations during each event. We compare related measurements and discuss the implications of apparent discrepancies, at a level of detail appropriate for satellite retrieval algorithm and aerosol transport model validation. Aerosols within a few kilometers of the surface were composed primarily of pollution and Asian dust mixtures, as expected. Medium- and coarse-mode particle size distributions varied little among the events studied; however, column aerosol optical depth changed by more than a factor of 4, and the near-surface proportion of dust ranged between 25% and 50%. The amount of absorbing material in the submicron fraction was highest when near-surface winds crossed Beijing and the Korean Peninsula and was considerably lower for all other cases. Having simultaneous single-scattering albedo measurements at more than one wavelength would significantly reduce the remaining optical model uncertainties. The consistency of component particle microphysical properties among the five events, even in this relatively complex aerosol environment, suggests that global, satellite-derived maps of aerosol optical depth and aerosol mixture (air-mass-type) extent, combined with targeted in situ component microphysical property measurements, can provide a detailed global picture of aerosol behavior. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Tokai Univ, Sch High Technol Human Welf, Numazu 4100395, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, CIRPAS, Marina, CA 93933 USA. Korea Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul 156720, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Kinki Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Higashiosaka, Osaka 5778502, Japan. Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Fac Marine Engn, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1358533, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA 95476 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Div Atmospher Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kahn, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM ralph.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov; janderson@asu.edu; tadand@atmos.washington.edu; tim.bates@noaa.gov; fredb@bnl.gov; carrico@lamar.colostate.edu; tclarke@soest.hawaii.edu; edutton@cmdl.noaa.gov; flagan@caltech.edu; rfrouin@ucsd.edu; hajime@fksh.fc.u-tokai.ac.jp; brent@aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov; showell@soest.hawaii.edu; huebert@hawaii.edu; anne.jefferson@noaa.gov; hjonsson@nps.navy.mil; olga.v.kalashnikova@jpl.nasa.gov; jykim@metri.re.kr; kimsw@air.snu.ac.kr; pinarkus@uiuc.edu; wli@sdsio-mail.jpl.nasa.gov; jlivingston@mail.arc.nasa.gov; cameronm@soest.hawaii.edu; jmerrill@boreas.gso.uri.edu; mukai@im.kindai.ac.jp; murayama@ipc.tosho-u.ac.jp; teruyuki@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; quinn@pmel.noaa.gov; redemann@atmos.ucla.edu; mrood@uiuc.edu; philip.b.russell@nasa.gov; sano@im.kindai.ac.jp; bschmid@mail.arc.nasa.gov; seinfeld@caltech.edu; nsugimot@nies.go.jp; jian@bnl.gov; welton@virl.gsfc.nasa.gov; wonjg@air.snu.ac.kr; yoon@snu.ac.kr RI Welton, Ellsworth/A-8362-2012; Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Nakajima, Teruyuki/H-2370-2013; Wang, Jian/G-9344-2011; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015; Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Nakajima, Teruyuki/0000-0002-9042-504X; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316; Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 88 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D19 AR D19S14 DI 10.1029/2003JD004339 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 897XA UT WOS:000227038200001 ER PT J AU Fenimore, PW Frauenfelder, H McMahon, BH Young, RD AF Fenimore, PW Frauenfelder, H McMahon, BH Young, RD TI Bulk-solvent and hydration-shell fluctuations, similar to alpha- and beta-fluctuations in glasses, control protein motions and functions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMICAL TRANSITION; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTRA; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LIGAND MIGRATION; MYOGLOBIN AB The concept that proteins exist in numerous different conformations or conformational substates, described by an energy landscape, is now accepted, but the dynamics is incompletely explored. We have previously shown that large-scale protein motions, such as the exit of a ligand from the protein interior, follow the dielectric fluctuations in the bulk solvent. Here, we demonstrate, by using mean-square displacements (msd) from Mossbauer and neutron-scattering experiments, that fluctuations in the hydration shell control fast fluctuations in the protein. We call the first type solvent-slaved or a-fluctuations and the second type hydration-shell-coupled or beta-fluctuations. Solvent-slaved motions are similar to the alpha-fluctuations in glasses. Their temperature dependence can be approximated by a Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher relation and they are absent in a solid environment. Hydration-shell-coupled fluctuations are similar to the beta-relaxation in glasses. They can be approximated by a Ferry or an Arrhenius relation, are much reduced or absent in dehydrated proteins, and occur in hydrated proteins even if embedded in a solid. They can be responsible for internal processes such as the migration of ligands within myoglobin. The existence of two functionally important fluctuations in proteins, one slaved to bulk motions and the other coupled to hydration-shell fluctuations, implies that the environment can control protein functions through different avenues and that no real protein transition occurs at approximate to200 K. The large number of conformational substates is essential; proteins cannot function without this reservoir of entropy, which resides mainly in the hydration shell. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Frauenfelder, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM frauenfelder@lanl.gov NR 59 TC 363 Z9 364 U1 7 U2 51 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 40 BP 14408 EP 14413 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405573101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 860UR UT WOS:000224369600020 PM 15448207 ER PT J AU Surana, NK Grass, S Hardy, GG Li, HL Thanassi, DG Geme, JWS AF Surana, NK Grass, S Hardy, GG Li, HL Thanassi, DG Geme, JWS TI Evidence for conservation of architecture and physical properties of Omp85-like proteins throughout evolution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; INFLUENZAE HIA AUTOTRANSPORTER; BLUE NATIVE ELECTROPHORESIS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM SPECTRA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; C-TERMINAL DOMAINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA AB Omp85-like proteins represent a family of proteins involved in protein translocation, and they are present in all domains of life, except archaea. In eukaryotes, Omp85-like proteins have been demonstrated to form tetrameric pore-forming complexes that interact directly with their substrate proteins. Studies performed with bacterial Omp85-like proteins have demonstrated pore-forming activity but no evidence of multimerization. In this article, we characterize the Haemophilus influenzae HMW1B protein, an Omp85-like protein that has been demonstrated to be critical for secretion of the H. influenzae HMW1 adhesin. Analysis of purified protein by biochemical and electron microscopic techniques revealed that HMW1B forms a tetramer. Examination using liposome-swelling assays demonstrated that HMW1B has pore-forming activity, with a pore size of approximate to2.7 nm. Far-Western blot analysis established that HMW1B interacts with the N terminus of HMW1. These results provide evidence that a bacterial Omp85-like protein forms a tetramer and interacts directly with a substrate protein, suggesting that the architecture and physical properties of Omp85-like proteins have been conserved throughout evolution. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Edward Mallinckrodt Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Infect Dis, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Geme, JWS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Edward Mallinckrodt Dept Pediat, Campus Box 8208,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM stgeme@borcim.wustl.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI007172, T32 AI 07172, R01 AI 44167, F32 AI 10555, F32 AI010555, R01 AI044167]; NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC 02873, R01 DC002873]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM062987, R01 GM 62987] NR 48 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 40 BP 14497 EP 14502 DI 10.1073/pnas.0404679101 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 860UR UT WOS:000224369600035 PM 15381771 ER PT J AU Tuszewski, M Cayton, TE Ingraham, JC Kippen, RM AF Tuszewski, M Cayton, TE Ingraham, JC Kippen, RM TI Bremsstrahlung effects in energetic particle detectors SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bremsstrahlung; energetic particle detector; satellite ID ELECTRONS; SOLAR AB The energetic charged particles of the Earth's magnetosphere are routinely detected by solid-state satellite instruments. Quantitative data are increasingly required for engineering dose calculations and for space weather science. However, the design of some energetic particle detectors can be severely constrained. Background effects must be accurately modeled in such cases to extract quantitative information. In particular, bremsstrahlung radiation from electrons impacting the detector and the satellite often dominates the background noise. Numerical tools are presented here to calculate total bremsstrahlung effects in energetic electron detectors. The calculations are illustrated for the low-energy particle detector of current Global Positioning System satellites. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ISR 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tuszewski, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ISR 2, Mail Stop B244, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mgtu@lanl.gov; tcayton@lanl.gov; cingraham@lanl.gov; mkippen@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD OCT 5 PY 2004 VL 2 IS 10 AR S10S01 DI 10.1029/2003SW000057 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909HS UT WOS:000227851600002 ER PT J AU Kellogg, RA Russell, AM Lograsso, TA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M AF Kellogg, RA Russell, AM Lograsso, TA Flatau, AB Clark, AE Wun-Fogle, M TI Tensile properties of magneto strictive iron-gallium alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE iron alloys; magnetostriction; slip; elastic behavior; auxetic ID MAGNETOSTRICTIVE PROPERTIES; FE-GA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POISSON RATIOS; AL ALLOYS; STRESS; MAGNETOELASTICITY; TEMPERATURE AB Iron-gallium alloys can produce magnetostrictions of similar to400 ppm and might function as mechanically robust actuator/sensing materials. Single crystal specimens of Fe-17 at.% Ga were tested in tension at room temperature. Specimens with a [ 1 1 0 ] tensile axis orientation exhibited { 1 1 0}< 1 1 1 > slip and an ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa through 1.6% elongation. The Young's modulus was 160 GPa in the loading direction with a Poisson's ratio of -0.37 on the ( 1 0 0 ) major face. A specimen with a [ 1 0 0 ] tensile axis orientation exhibited { 2 1 1 } < 1 1 1 > slip and discontinuous yielding. A maximum tensile strength of 515 MPa was observed with fracture occurring after 2% elongation. The Young's modulus was 65 GPa in the loading direction with a Poisson's ratio of 0.45 on the (0 0 1) major face. A sizeable elastic anisotropy of 19.9 was identified for Fe-27.2 at.% Ga accompanied by a Poisson's ratio of -0.75 to produce a large in-plane auxetic behavior. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Sandia Natl Labs, Ames, IA USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Clark Associates, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Kellogg, RA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Sandia Natl Labs, Ames, IA USA. EM rakello@sandia.gov OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 17 TC 110 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 17 BP 5043 EP 5050 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.07.007 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 856GD UT WOS:000224032800009 ER PT J AU Im, HJ Saengkerdsub, S Stephan, AC Pawel, MD Holcomb, DE Dai, S AF Im, HJ Saengkerdsub, S Stephan, AC Pawel, MD Holcomb, DE Dai, S TI Transparent solid-state lithiated neutron scintillators based on self-assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer architectures SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; FILMS; ARRAYS; PHASE AB A new transparent neutron-scintillating material has been developed based on polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide). The unique self-assembly structure of the block copolymer makes it possible to dope hydrophilic Li+ in the ethylene-oxide domain and hydrophobic organic fluors in the styrene domain (see Figure). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Pawel, Michelle/Q-2729-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; OI Pawel, Michelle/0000-0003-0244-6703; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Holcomb, David/0000-0001-8263-4661 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 19 BP 1757 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200400337 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 868YE UT WOS:000224948300015 ER PT J AU Wang, YM Ma, E AF Wang, YM Ma, E TI On the origin of ultrahigh cryogenic strength of nanocrystalline metals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; NICKEL; DEPENDENCE; COPPER; NI AB At liquid nitrogen temperature, the yield strength of nanocrystalline Ni and Co increases by as much as 50%-80% over the already-impressive (similar to1 GPa) room-temperature values. This unusual strength ratio as well as the remarkable magnitude of flow stress reached (as high as 2.5 GPa) are unexpected for conventional close-packed pure metals. The strong temperature dependence is attributed to the unusually small activation volume measured in strain rate change tests. Grain boundary dislocation nucleation is proposed as the thermally activated deformation mechanism in nanocrystalline grains. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Wang, YM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ymwang@llnl.gov; ema@jhu.edu RI Ma, En/A-3232-2010; Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/F-2249-2010 OI Wang, Yinmin (Morris)/0000-0002-7161-2034 NR 22 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 12 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 14 BP 2750 EP 2752 DI 10.1063/1.1799238 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863FV UT WOS:000224547300025 ER PT J AU Lund, MS Fitzsimmons, MR Park, S Leighton, C AF Lund, MS Fitzsimmons, MR Park, S Leighton, C TI Temperature-dependent magnetic interface location in interdiffused exchange biased bilayers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN VALVES; SAPPHIRE; COPPER; FILMS; MULTILAYERS; MN; FE AB Antiferromagnetic (AF) binary alloys are attractive choices for exchange pinning of ferromagnets (F) in applications. Unfortunately, inducing AF ordering in these alloys often requires annealing which leads to interdiffusion at the AF/F interface and a subsequent, and poorly understood, reduction in exchange bias. We report a study of the effects of interdiffusion in epitaxial NiMn/Ni bilayers. Using polarized neutron reflectometry, we deduce that the competition between AF and F interactions in the interdiffused region leads to a temperature-dependent magnetic interface location, "glassy" behavior, memory effects, and low-temperature training. The results have important implications for the understanding of the temperature dependence of the exchange bias in these materials. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM leighton@umn.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 14 BP 2845 EP 2847 DI 10.1063/1.1799250 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863FV UT WOS:000224547300057 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, P Zunger, A AF Mahadevan, P Zunger, A TI Trends in ferromagnetism, hole localization, and acceptor level depth for Mn substitution in GaN, GaP, GaAs, and GaSb SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WAVE BASIS-SET; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; GA1-XMNXAS; LAYERS AB We examine the intrinsic mechanism of ferromagnetism in dilute magnetic semiconductors by analyzing the trends in the electronic structure as the host is changed from GaN to GaSb, keeping the transition metal impurity fixed. In contrast with earlier interpretations which depended on the host semiconductor, it is found that a single mechanism is sufficient to explain the ferromagnetic stabilization energy for the entire series. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mahadevan, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 22 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 14 BP 2860 EP 2862 DI 10.1063/1.1799245 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863FV UT WOS:000224547300062 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Gapud, AA Leonard, KJ Martin, PM Goyal, A Thompson, JR Christen, DK AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Zhai, HY Gapud, AA Leonard, KJ Martin, PM Goyal, A Thompson, JR Christen, DK TI An approach for electrical self-stabilization of high-temperature superconducting wires for power applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COATED CONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; IRO2; DEPOSITION; METALS; TAPES AB Electrical and thermal stability of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires/tapes are essential in applications involving efficient production, distribution, and storage of electrical energy. We have developed a conductive buffer layer structure composed of bilayer La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/Ir on a textured Ni-W alloy metal tape to functionally shunt the HTS layer to the underlying substrate. The key feature is the Ir layer, which serves as a barrier to both inward diffusion of oxygen and outward diffusion of metal substrate cations during fabrication. Electrical and microstructural property characterizations of YBa2Cu3O7-delta films on short prototype conductors demonstrate self-field critical current density values, J(c), exceeding 2x10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K and excellent electrical coupling to the underlying metal substrate, with no unwanted insulating oxide interfaces. Implementing this approach in power technologies would significantly increase the engineering current density of the conductor and reduce overall process costs. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM aytugt@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 14 BP 2887 EP 2889 DI 10.1063/1.1794848 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863FV UT WOS:000224547300071 ER PT J AU Williamson, AJ Reboredo, FA Galli, G AF Williamson, AJ Reboredo, FA Galli, G TI Chemisorption on semiconductor nanocomposites: A mechanism for hydrogen storage SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AB We present first-principles, computational predictions of a porous, nanostructured semiconductor material that will reversibly store hydrogen for fuel cell applications. The material is competitive with current metal hydride storage materials, but contains only carbon and silicon, reducing both its cost and environmental impact. Additionally, unlike metal hydrides, the core skeleton structure of this material is unaltered when cycling from full hydrogen storage to full hydrogen depletion, removing engineering complications associated with expansion/contraction of the material. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Williamson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM williamson10@llnl.gov RI Reboredo, Fernando/B-8391-2009 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 14 BP 2917 EP 2919 DI 10.1063/1.1800274 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863FV UT WOS:000224547300081 ER PT J AU Li, JB Wang, LW AF Li, JB Wang, LW TI Deformation potentials of CdSe quantum dots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS; BAND-GAP TRANSITION; HIGH-PRESSURE; NANOCRYSTALS; ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTORS; ABSORPTION; SPECTRA; STATES AB The size-dependent deformation potentials of CdSe quantum dots are studied by first-principle and semiempirical pseudopotential calculations. We find that the amplitude of the quantum dot deformation potential is only slightly larger than the bulk value, and this increase is mostly caused by the off-Gamma point deformation potentials in the bulk, which are larger in amplitude than the Gamma point deformation potential. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwwang@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 14 BP 2929 EP 2931 DI 10.1063/1.1800288 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863FV UT WOS:000224547300085 ER PT J AU Chung, SH Hoffmann, A Bader, SD Liu, C Kay, B Makowski, L Chen, L AF Chung, SH Hoffmann, A Bader, SD Liu, C Kay, B Makowski, L Chen, L TI Biological sensors based on Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-VALVE SENSORS AB We experimentally demonstrate a biomagnetic sensor scheme based on Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles suspended in liquids. The characteristic time scale of the Brownian relaxation can be determined directly by ac susceptibility measurements as a function of frequency. The peak in the imaginary part of the ac susceptibility shifts to lower frequencies upon binding the target molecules to the magnetic nanoparticles. The frequency shift is consistent with an increase of the hydrodynamic radius corresponding to the size of the target molecule. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chungsh@anl.gov RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 15 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 14 BP 2971 EP 2973 DI 10.1063/1.1801687 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 863FV UT WOS:000224547300099 ER PT J AU Kohler, JJ Czlapinski, JL Laughlin, ST Schelle, MW de Graffenried, CL Bertozzi, CR AF Kohler, JJ Czlapinski, JL Laughlin, ST Schelle, MW de Graffenried, CL Bertozzi, CR TI Directing flux in glycan biosynthetic pathways with a small molecule switch SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; cell surface; chemical genetics; glycosylation; protein engineering ID GOLGI LOCALIZATION; EXPRESSION; TRANSMEMBRANE; DETERMINANT; SEQUENCES; EPITOPES; ANTIBODY; SELECTIN; ANTIGEN; DOMAINS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu RI Kohler, Jennifer/B-6589-2009; OI Kohler, Jennifer/0000-0001-5373-3329; de Graffenried, Christopher/0000-0003-3386-6487 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 59907, GM 69516] NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI Chembiochem PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1455 EP 1458 DI 10.1002/cbic.200400156 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 861YC UT WOS:000224453500014 PM 15457531 ER PT J AU Bean, AC Garcia, E Scott, BL Runde, W AF Bean, AC Garcia, E Scott, BL Runde, W TI Structural variability in neptunium(V) oxalate compounds: Synthesis and structural characterization of Na2NpO2(C2O4)OH center dot H2O SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; SODIUM OXALATE; COMPLEX; URANYL AB Reaction of a Np-237(V) stock solution in the presence of oxalic acid, calcium chloride, and sodium hydroxide under hydrothermal conditions produces single crystals of a neptunium(V) oxalate, Na2NpO2(C2O4)(OHH2O)-H-.. The structure consists of one-dimensional chains running down the a axis and is the first example of a neptunium(V) oxalate compound containing hydroxide anions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bean, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bean@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 20 BP 6145 EP 6147 DI 10.1021/ic0492082 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 858HC UT WOS:000224181900008 PM 15446857 ER PT J AU Lemma, K Bakac, A AF Lemma, K Bakac, A TI Kinetics of acid-catalyzed O-atom transfer from a hydroperoxorhodium complex to organic and inorganic substrates SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REACTIVITY; OXIDATION; REDUCTION; HALIDES AB Oxygen atom transfer from (NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOOH2+ to organic and inorganic nucleophiles takes place according to the rate law -d[(NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOOH2+]/dt = k[H+] [(NH3)(4)(H2O)RhOOH2+][nucleophile] for all the cases examined. The third-order rate constants were determined in aqueous solutions at 25 degreesC for (CH2)(5)S (k = 430 M-2 s(-1), mu = 0.10 M), (CH2)(4)S-2 (182, mu = 0.10 M), CH3CH2SH (8.0, mu = 0.20 M), (en)(2)Co(SCH2CH2NH2)(2+) (711, mu = 0.20 M), and, in acetonitrile-water, CH3SPh (130, 10% AN, mu = 0.20 M), PPh3 (3.74 x 10(3), 50% AN), and (2-C3H7)(2)S (45, 50% AN, mu = 0.20 M). Oxidation of PPh3 by (NH3)(4)(H2O)(RhOOH2+)-O-18-O-18 produced (OPPh3)-O-18. The reaction with a series of p-substituted triphenylphosphines yielded a linear Hammett relationship with rho = -0.53. Nitrous acid (k = 891 M-2 s(-1)) is less reactive than the more nucleophilic nitrite ion (k = 1.54 x 10(4) M-2 s(-1)). C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM bakac@ameslab.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 20 BP 6224 EP 6227 DI 10.1021/ic049421y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 858HC UT WOS:000224181900018 PM 15446867 ER PT J AU Gramer, CJ Raymond, KN AF Gramer, CJ Raymond, KN TI Characterization of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamides as M(IV) chelators SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; THERMODYNAMIC EVALUATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURES; ACTINIDES; TETRAKIS(CATECHOLATO)URANATE(IV); CATECHOLATE; PLUTONIUM; COMPLEXES; PROGRAM AB The ligand N,N'-diethyl-2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamide (ETAM) has been characterized as a chelator for Zr(IV), Ce(IV), and Th(IV). The K+ salts of the complexes [Zr(ETAM)(4)](4-), [Ce(ETAM)(4)](4-), and [Th(ETAM)(4)](4-) were prepared in a MeOH solution containing H(2)ETAM, the corresponding M(acac)(4), and 4 equiv of KOH. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses are reported for K-4[Zr(ETAM)(4)] (C2/c, Z = 8, a = 27.576(3) Angstrom, b = 29.345(3) Angstrom, c = 15.266(2) Angstrom, alpha = 90degrees, beta = 118.688(4)degrees, gamma = 90degrees), [Me3BnN](4)[Th(ETAM)(4)] (P (1) over bar, Z = 2, a = 13.7570(3) Angstrom, b = 13.9293(3) Angstrom, c = 26.9124(6) Angstrom, alpha = 99.941(1)degrees, beta = 94.972(1)degrees, gamma = 103.160(1)degrees), and the dimeric (NMe4)(4)[Th(ETAM)(3)MeOH](2) (P2(1)/c, Z = 4, a = 18.2603(9) Angstrom, b = 18.5002(9) Angstrom, c = 19.675(1) Angstrom, beta = 117.298(1)degrees). Solution thermodynamic studies were used to determine formation constants (log K-1 and esd) for Th(IV)-ETAM log K-110 =17.47(1), log K-120 = 13.23(1), log K-130 = 8.28(3), log K-140 = 6.57(6), and log beta(140) = 45.54(5). These results support the hypothesis that the terephthalamides are high-affinity chelators for the actinide(IV) ions and thus promising ligands for use in nuclear waste remediation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raymond@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 20 BP 6397 EP 6402 DI 10.1021/ic0496267 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 858HC UT WOS:000224181900040 PM 15446889 ER PT J AU Wohr, A Aprahamian, A Boutachkov, P Galache, JL Gorres, J Shawcross, M Teymurazyan, A Wiescher, MC Brenner, DS Davids, CN Fischer, SM Heinz, AM Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D AF Wohr, A Aprahamian, A Boutachkov, P Galache, JL Gorres, J Shawcross, M Teymurazyan, A Wiescher, MC Brenner, DS Davids, CN Fischer, SM Heinz, AM Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D TI The N = Z rp-process waiting-point nucleus Se-68 and its astrophysical implications SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE radioactivity Se-68(EC), (beta(++)) [from C-12(Ni-58,2n)]; measured E-gamma, E-beta, beta gamma-coin; deduced Q(EC), Se-68 deduced mass excess, As-68 deduced transitions, fragment mass analyzer; nuclear reactions Se-68, Br-69(p,gamma), E not given; analyzed mass data; deduced reaction Q-values, astrophysical implications discusses ID PROTON DRIP-LINE; X-RAY-BURSTS; DECAY PROPERTIES; NUBASE EVALUATION; FRAGMENTATION; MASSES AB Precise mass measurements of nuclei along the N = Z line are important input parameters for simulations of the rp-process. Of particular interest is the mass of the Se-68(34)34 rp-process waiting point nucleus for determining the possibility of a two-proton capture branch bypassing its slow P-decay. The mass of Se-68 was measured via the beta-decay endpoint. Se-68 was produced by the C-12(Ni-58, 2n)Se-68 reaction and subsequently implanted onto a moving tape system using the fragment mass analyzer at the ATLAS facility of Argonne National Laboratory. A mass excess value of (-54189 +/- 240) keV was determined from the beta-endpoint measurement of Q(EC) = 4710(200) keV. Evaluations of proton separation energies based on the measured mass were used in a one zone type I X-ray burst model. It is concluded that the N = Z = 34 isotope Se-68 is a waiting point for the rp-process. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Clark Univ, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. De Paul Univ, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. RP Wohr, A (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM awoehr@nd.edu RI Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 742 IS 3-4 BP 349 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.06.024 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 853YZ UT WOS:000223868200006 ER PT J AU Bhat, CM AF Bhat, CM TI Longitudinal momentum mining of beam particles in a storage ring SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE beam emittance; storage rings; longitudinal beam dynamics; momentum mining; antiproton beam ID RF SYSTEMS; FERMILAB AB I describe a scheme for selectively isolating high density low longitudinal emittance beam particles in a storage ring from the rest of the beam without emittance dilution. I discuss the general principle of the method, called longitudinal momentum mining, beam dynamics simulations and results of beam experiments. Multi-particle beam dynamics simulations applied to the Fermilab 8 GeV Recycler (a storage ring) convincingly validate the concepts and feasibility of the method, which I have demonstrated with beam experiments in the Recycler. The method presented here is the first of its kind. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bhat, CM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM cbhat@fnal.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 4 PY 2004 VL 330 IS 6 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2004.08.026 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 858AC UT WOS:000224161400012 ER PT J AU Mao, JH Gao, YG Odeh, S Robinson, H Montalvetti, A Docampo, R Oldfield, E AF Mao, JH Gao, YG Odeh, S Robinson, H Montalvetti, A Docampo, R Oldfield, E TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction study of the farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Trypanosoma brucei SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DELTA T-CELLS; NITROGEN-CONTAINING BISPHOSPHONATES; PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; IN-VIVO; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; INHIBITION; VITRO; AMINOBISPHOSPHONATES; PAMIDRONATE AB Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) catalyses the formation of farnesyl diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate and is an RNAi-validated drug target in Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness. A T. brucei FPPS ( 390 amino acids) has been expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein has been crystallized in the absence and presence of the bisphosphonate inhibitor minodronate. Diffraction data were collected at 100 K using synchrotron radiation from both crystal types. Crystals obtained in the absence of minodronate belong to space group I222, with unit-cell parameters a = 61.43, b = 118.12, c = 120.04 Angstrom, while crystals grown in the presence of minodronate belong to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 131.98, b = 118.10, c = 63.25 Angstrom, beta = 112.48degrees. An initial model of the drug-free protein has been built using a homology model with the molecular-replacement method and refined to 3.3 Angstrom resolution. It shows mostly helical structure and resembles the structure of avian farnesyl diphosphate synthase, but with the addition of two loop regions. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Zoonoses Res, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Oldfield, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM eo@chad.scs.uiuc.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-65307] NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 60 BP 1863 EP 1866 DI 10.1107/S0907444904020633 PN 10 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 856NC UT WOS:000224050900021 PM 15388934 ER PT J AU Sofield, CD Walter, MD Andersen, RA AF Sofield, CD Walter, MD Andersen, RA TI mu(2)-oxo-bis[bis(eta(5)-1,3-di-tert-butylcyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) ] SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY AB The title compound, [Ti2O(C13H21)(4)] or {[(1,3-Bu-t(2)-C5H3)(2)Ti}(2)(mu(2)-O)}, crystallizes as a centrosymmetric molecule, in which the two metallocene fragments are bridged by an O atom. The trigonal planar coordination around each metal consists of two 1,3-(Bu2C5H3)-Bu-t ligands and the bridging O atom. The O atom is located on a crystallographic inversion center, resulting in a linear Ti-O-Ti linkage. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walter, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mwalter@rhrk.uni-kl.de RI Walter, Marc/E-4479-2012 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD OCT PY 2004 VL 60 BP M1417 EP M1419 DI 10.1107/S1600536804021968 PN 10 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 858UD UT WOS:000224216500027 ER PT J AU Xiong, Z Nagarajan, S Lele, SK AF Xiong, Z Nagarajan, S Lele, SK TI Simple method for generating inflow turbulence SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Xiong, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Fus Energy Program, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2164 EP 2166 DI 10.2514/1.6157 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 861NS UT WOS:000224424200022 ER PT J AU Steelman, KL Rowe, MW Turpin, SA Guilderson, T Nightengale, L AF Steelman, KL Rowe, MW Turpin, SA Guilderson, T Nightengale, L TI Nondestructive radiocarbon dating: Naturally mummified infant bundle from SW Texas SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID ROCK-PAINTINGS; CARBON; AGE AB Plasma oxidation was used to obtain radiocarbon dates on six different materials from a naturally mummified baby bundle front the Lower Pecos River region of southwest Texas. This bundle was selected because it was thought to represent a single event and would illustrate the accuracy and precision of the plasma oxidation method. Five of the materials were clearly components of the original bundle with 13 dates combined to yield a weighted average of 2135 +/- 11 B.P. Six dates,from a wooden stick of Desert Ash averaged 939 +/- 14 B.P, indicating that this artifact was not part of the original burial. Plasma oxidation is shown to be a virtually nondestructive alternative to combustion. Because only sub-milligram amounts of material are removed from an artifact over its exposed surface, no visible change in fragile materials has been observed, even under magnification. The method is best applied when natural organic contamination is unlikely and serious consideration of this issue is needed in all cases. If organic contamination is present, it will have to be removed before plasma oxidation to obtain accurate radiocarbon dates. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Latin Amer Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Archeol Res Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Steelman, KL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, POB 30012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 4 BP 741 EP 750 DI 10.2307/4128446 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA 867KI UT WOS:000224841100008 ER PT J AU Sawyer, RT Day, BJ Fadok, VA Chiarappa-Zucca, M Maier, LA Fontenot, AP Silveira, L Newman, LS AF Sawyer, RT Day, BJ Fadok, VA Chiarappa-Zucca, M Maier, LA Fontenot, AP Silveira, L Newman, LS TI Beryllium-ferritin - Lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage apoptosis in chronic beryllium disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CD4(+) T-CELLS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; TRANSFORMATION TEST; HLA-DP; SARCOIDOSIS; EXPOSURE; RECOGNITION; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS AB A beryllium (Be)-ferritin adduct containing 270 pm of Be stimulated proliferation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytes from subjects with chronic beryllium disease (CBD) at concentrations 5-6 logs lower than the amounts of beryllium sulfate (BeSO4) needed to induce proliferation. We observed increased apoptotic CBD BAL macrophages after exposure to both BeSO4 (50 +/- 6%, mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05 versus unstimulated controls) and Be-ferritin (40 +/- 2%), whereas only 2.0 +/- 0.2% of BAL lymphocytes underwent activation-induced cell death. Be-ferritin also induced apoptosis in BAL macrophages from subjects with Be sensitization (25 +/- 3%) and in the H36.12j hybrid macrophage cell line (15 +/- 2%). Beferritin induced lung macrophage CD95 (Fas) expression and the activation of intracellular caspase-3, -8 and -9. Thus, lung macrophages take up Be-ferritin, delivering physiologically relevant levels of Be that promote Be antigen presentation and macrophage apoptosis. Be-ferritin thereby serves as a "Trojan Horse," triggering proliferation of Be-ferritin-specific CBD BAL T cells. We hypothesize that Be-ferritin exposure may result in persistent antigen exposure inducing Be-specific T cell clonal expansion and T cell helper type 1-type cytokine production and potentially explains the chronicity of CBD and its development years after environmental Be exposure has ceased. C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Hollis Lab Environm & Occupat Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm Sci & Crit Care Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sawyer, RT (reprint author), Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Hollis Lab Environm & Occupat Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Dept Med, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM sawyerr@njc.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR00051]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K08 HL03887, R01 HL62410]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES11810, R01 ES-06358, R01 ES012504] NR 34 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 31 IS 4 BP 470 EP 477 DI 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0090OC PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 859VC UT WOS:000224295000012 PM 15256386 ER PT J AU Blencoe, JG AF Blencoe, JG TI The CO2-H2O system: IV. Empirical, isothermal equations for representing vapor-liquid equilibria at 110-350 degrees C, P <= 150 MPa SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article ID REDLICH-KWONG EQUATION; CH4-CO2-H2O SYSTEM; H2O-CO2 MIXTURES; FLUID INCLUSIONS; PRESSURES; TEMPERATURES; STATE; CO2; 1000-DEGREES-C; BAR AB Empirical formulae are presented for calculating vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) in the CO2-H2O system at 10 temperatures between 110 and 350 degreesC. At each temperature, separate functions are used to represent the bubble- and dew-point boundary curves that: originate at the saturation vapor pressure of water (pH(sat)H(2)O) at XCO2 = 0; diverge with increasing pressure up to similar toP(X-CO2(max)) where partial derivativeP/partial derivativeX(CO2) = +infinity along the dew-point curve; then converge with increasing pressure above P(Xla,) 02. At temperatures below 265 degreesC and pressures > p (X-CO2(max)), the compositions of coexisting liquid and vapor [X-CO2(L(V)) and X-CO2(V(L))] do not converge completely with increasing pressure due to the absence of critical behavior. Thus, relatively simple functions suffice to accurately represent VLE at those temperatures. In contrast, at T > 265 degreesC, X-CO2(L(V)) and X-CO2(V(L)) converge rapidly as P approaches P-c (the critical pressure in the CO2-H2O system at a given temperature between 265 and 374 degreesC and P less than or equal to 215 MPa). For those temperatures, therefore, more complex VLE formulae are required to achieve close representation of phase relations. For dew-point equations, this includes adding an exponential "correction term" to ensure that partial derivativeP/partial derivativeX(CO2) = 0 at the critical points indicated by corresponding bubble-point functions. Stable liquid-vapor coexistence in mixed-volatile systems requires f(i)(L) = f(I)(V) (isofugacity conditions) for all "i" (volatile components) in the two fluid phases. Thus, the equations presented in this paper specify numerous P-T-X conditions where f(H2O)(L) = f(H2O)(V) and f(CO2)(L) = f(CO2)(V) in the CO2-H2O system. These results have important applications in the ongoing effort to develop a more rigorous thermodynamic model for CO2-H2O fluids at geologically relevant temperatures and pressures. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Blencoe, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 4500-S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM blencoejg@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 EIGHTEENTH ST, NW SUITE 601, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1447 EP 1455 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 862RV UT WOS:000224509500012 ER PT J AU Kwon, Y Han, ZZ Karatan, E Mrksich, M Kay, BK AF Kwon, Y Han, ZZ Karatan, E Mrksich, M Kay, BK TI Antibody arrays prepared by cutinase-mediated immobilization on self-assembled monolayers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHAGE DISPLAY; SURFACE; DOMAIN; ANTIGEN; BINDING; CHIPS; DNA; GENERATION AB Antibody arrays hold considerable potential in a variety of applications including proteomics research, drug discovery, and diagnostics. Many of the schemes used to fabricate the arrays fail to immobilize the antibodies at a uniform density or in a single orientation; consequently, the immobilized antibodies recognize their antigens with variable efficiency. Ibis paper describes a strategy to immobilize antibodies in a single orientation, with a controlled density, using the covalent interaction between cutinase and its suicide substrate. Protein fusions between cutinase and five antibodies of three different types (scFv, V-HH, and FN3) were prepared and immobilized upon self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) presenting a phosphonate capture ligand. The immobilized antibodies exhibit high affinity and selectivity for their target antigens, as monitored by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence scanning. Furthermore, by changing the density of capture ligand on the SAM the density of the immobilized antibody could be controlled. The monolayers, which also present a tri(ethylene glycol) group, are inert to nonspecific adsorption of proteins and allow the detection of a specific antigen in a complex mixture. The demonstration of cutinase-directed antibody immobilization with insert SAMs provides a straightforward and robust method for preparing antibody chips. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Kay, BK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bkay@anl.gov RI Mrksich, Milan/G-2469-2011 NR 70 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 19 BP 5713 EP 5720 DI 10.1021/ac049731y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 858UL UT WOS:000224217400032 PM 15456290 ER PT J AU Ponton, LM Porter, MD AF Ponton, LM Porter, MD TI High-speed electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON; STATIONARY-PHASE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; RETENTION; SEPARATIONS; SELECTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES AB The performance advantages of carrying out electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC) at elevated temperatures and mobile-phase flow rates are investigated. EMLC has the unique ability to manipulate analyte retention and enhance separation efficiencies through changes in the potential applied to a conductive stationary phase. Operation of high-performance liquid chromatography systems at elevated column temperatures also provides pathways to improve chromatographic performance by enhancing analyte diffusivity and facilitating the use of higher mobile-phase flow rates than conventionally attainable. The results show that performing EMLC separations at elevated temperatures (e.g., 100 degreesC) reduces the analysis time of a mixture of aromatic sulfonates in a mixed mobile phase by more than a factor of 20. Moreover, use of higher operating temperatures enables the separation of this mixture with an entirely aqueous mobile phase in less than 2 min. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 12020, P01 ES012020] NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 19 BP 5823 EP 5828 DI 10.1021/ac049257w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 858UL UT WOS:000224217400045 PM 15456303 ER PT J AU Sangwan, P Chen, XL Hugenholtz, P Janssen, PH AF Sangwan, P Chen, XL Hugenholtz, P Janssen, PH TI Chthoniobacter flavus gen. nov., sp nov., the first pure-culture representative of subdivision two, Spartobacteria classis nov., of the phylum Verrucomicrobia SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; SOIL BACTERIA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FATTY-ACIDS; COMMUNITIES; DIVISION; MEMBERS; PCR; PROSTHECOBACTER AB The phylum Verrucomicrobia is increasingly recognized as an environmentally significant group of bacteria, particularly in soil habitats. At least six subdivisions of the Verrucomicrobia are resolved by comparative analysis of 16S rRNA genes, mostly obtained directly from environmental samples. To date, only two of these subdivisions (1 and 4) have characterized pure-culture representatives. We have isolated and characterized the first known pure-culture representative of subdivision 2. Strain Ellin428 is an aerobic heterotrophic bacterium that is able to grow with many of the saccharide components of plant biomass but does not grow with amino acids or organic acids other than pyruvate. Cells are yellow, rod-shaped, nonmotile, and gram-stain negative, and they contain peptidoglycan with direct cross-linkages of the A1gamma meso-Dpm type. The isolate grows well at 25degreesC on a variety of standard biological media, including some used in the routine cultivation of bacteria from soil. The pH range for growth is 4.0 to 7.0. Low levels of menaquinones MK-10 and MK-11 were detected. The major cellular fatty acids are C-14:0, a-C-15:0. C-16:1omega7c and/or 2OH i-C-15:0, and C-16:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 61 mol%. We propose a new genus and species, Chthoniobacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., with isolate Ellin428 as the type strain, and a new class for the subdivision to which it belongs, Spartobacteria classis nov. Environmental sequences indicate that the class Spartobacteria is largely represented by globally distributed, abundant, and active soil bacteria. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Janssen, PH (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM pjanssen@unimelb.edu.au RI Sangwan, Parveen/C-1054-2009; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; OI hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925; Janssen, Peter/0000-0002-1022-3502 NR 58 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 8 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 5875 EP 5881 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.10.5875-5881.2004 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 860PT UT WOS:000224356200022 PM 15466527 ER PT J AU Reardon, CL Cummings, DE Petzke, LM Kinsall, BL Watson, DB Peyton, BM Geesey, GG AF Reardon, CL Cummings, DE Petzke, LM Kinsall, BL Watson, DB Peyton, BM Geesey, GG TI Composition and diversity of microbial communities recovered from surrogate minerals incubated in an acidic uranium-contaminated aquifer SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FREE-LIVING BACTERIA; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; BASALT AQUIFER; DNA-EXTRACTION; HEAVY-METALS; GROUNDWATER; PSEUDOMONAS; SOILS; REDUCTION AB Our understanding of subsurface microbiology is hindered by the inaccessibility of this environment, particularly when the hydrogeologic medium is contaminated with toxic substances. In this study, surrogate geological media contained in a porous receptacle were incubated in a well within the saturated zone of a pristine region of an aquifer to capture populations from the extant communities. After an 8-week incubation, the media were recovered, and the microbial community that developed on each medium was compared to the community recovered from groundwater and native sediments from the same region of the aquifer, using 16S DNA coding for rRNA (rDNA)-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The groundwater and sediment communities were highly distinct from one another, and the communities that developed on the various media were more similar to groundwater communities than to sediment communities. 16S rDNA clone libraries of communities that developed on particles of a specular hematite medium incubated in the same well as the media used for T-RFLP analysis were compared with those obtained from an acidic, uranium-contaminated region of the same aquifer. The hematite-associated community formed in the pristine area was highly diverse at the species level, with 25 distinct phylotypes identified, the majority of which (73%) were affiliated with the beta-Proteobacteria. Similarly, the hematite-associated community formed in the contaminated area was populated in large part by beta-Proteobacteria (62%); however, only 13 distinct phylotypes were apparent. The three numerically dominant clones from the hematite-associated community from the contaminated site were affiliated with metal- and radionuclide-tolerant or acidophilic taxa, consistent with the environmental conditions. Only two populations were common to both sites. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Geesey, GG (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 109 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM gill_g@erc.montana.edu RI Peyton, Brent/G-5247-2015; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Peyton, Brent/0000-0003-0033-0651; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 53 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 6037 EP 6046 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.10.6037-6046.2004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 860PT UT WOS:000224356200043 PM 15466548 ER PT J AU Danko, AS Luo, MZ Bagwell, CE Brigmon, RL Freedman, DL AF Danko, AS Luo, MZ Bagwell, CE Brigmon, RL Freedman, DL TI Involvement of linear plasmids in aerobic biodegradation of vinyl chloride SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHODOCOCCUS-ERYTHROPOLIS BD2; EPOXIDE METABOLISM; CIS-DICHLOROETHENE; DEGRADATION; ETHENE; BACTERIA; GROWTH; ISOPROPYLBENZENE; TRICHLOROETHENE; IDENTIFICATION AB Pseudomonas putida strain AJ and Ochrobactrum strain TD were isolated from hazardous waste sites based on their ability to use vinyl chloride (VC) as the sole source of carbon and energy under aerobic conditions. Strains AJ and TD also use ethene and ethylene oxide as growth substrates. Strain AJ contained a linear megaplasmid (approximately 260 kb) when grown on VC or ethene, but it contained no circular plasmids. While strain AJ was growing on ethylene oxide, it was observed to contain a 100-kb linear plasmid, and its ability to use VC as a substrate was retained. The linear plasmids in strain AJ were cured, and the ability of strain AJ to consume VC, ethene, and ethylene oxide was lost following growth on a rich substrate (Luria-Bertani broth) through at least three transfers. Strain TD contained three linear plasmids, ranging in size from approximately 90 kb to 320 kb, when growing on VC or ethene. As with strain AJ, the linear plasmids in strain TD were cured following growth on Luria-Bertani broth and its ability to consume VC and ethene was lost. Further analysis of these linear plasmids may help reveal the pathway for VC biodegradation in strains AJ and TD and explain why this process occurs at many but not all sites where groundwater is contaminated with chloroethenes. Metabolism of VC and ethene by strains AJ and TD is initiated by an alkene monooxygenase. Their yields during growth on VC (0.15 to 0.20 mg of total suspended solids per mg of VC) are similar to the yields reported for other isolates (i.e., Mycobacterium sp., Nocardioides sp., and Pseudomonas sp.). C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Biotechnol Sect, Aiken, SC USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Freedman, DL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Box 340919, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dfreedm@clemson.edu RI Danko, Anthony/J-3716-2013 OI Danko, Anthony/0000-0003-2026-7338 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 70 IS 10 BP 6092 EP 6097 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.10.6092-6097.2004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 860PT UT WOS:000224356200050 PM 15466555 ER PT J AU Brandenberger, J Louchouarn, P Herbert, B Tissot, P AF Brandenberger, J Louchouarn, P Herbert, B Tissot, P TI Geochemical and hydrodynamic controls on arsenic and trace metal cycling in a seasonally stratified US sub-tropical reservoir SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUND-WATER; HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIRS; PARTICULATE MATTER; GREENHOUSE GASES; URANIUM DEPOSIT; LAKE SAMMAMISH; GLOBAL-SCALE; CRATER LAKE; SEDIMENTS; TEXAS AB The phase distribution of trace metals and oxyanions, including U and As, in 2 surface water bodies was investigated within a South Texas watershed hosting a high density of surface U mine pits and tailings. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the environmental legacy of U mining, with particular emphasis on the spatial and temporal variability of water quality in Lake Corpus Christi, a downstream reservoir that serves as the major water resource to a population of similar to350,000 people in the region. Lyssy Pond, a livestock pond bordered by U mine tailings, was used as a model case-study site to evaluate the cycling of U mine-derived oxyanions under changing redox conditions. Although the pond showed seasonal thermal and chemical stratification, geochemical cycling of metals was limited to Co and Pb, which was correlated with redox cycling of Mn mineral phases, and U, which suggested reductive precipitation in the pond's hypolimnion. Uranium levels, however, were too low to support strong inputs from the tailings into the water column of the pond. The strong relationships observed between particulate Cr, Cs, V, and Fe suggest that these metals are associated with a stable particulate phase (probably allochthonous alumino-silicates) enriched in unreactive Fe. This observation is supported by a parallel relationship in sediments collected across a broad range of sediment depositional processes (and histories) in the basin. Arsenic, though selectively enriched in the pond's water column, was dominated by dissolved species throughout the depth of the profile and showed no sign of geochemical cycling or interaction with Fe-rich particles. Arsenic (and other oxyanions) in the water columns of Lake Corpus Christi and Lyssy pond were not affected by the abundant presence of Fe-rich particles but instead behaved conservatively. No evidence was found of anthropogenic impacts of U mines beyond the purely local scale. Arsenic's presence within the Nueces drainage basin is related to interactions between surface and groundwaters with U- and As-rich geological formations rather than large-scale transport of contaminants downstream of the U mine pits and tailings. A quantitative mass balance model, constructed using monthly hydrological data for the reservoir, provides quantitative evidence of seasonal evaporative concentration of As in surface waters demonstrating the predominance of hydrodynamic over geochemical constraints, on the cycling of this element. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Richland, WA 98382 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Corpus Christi Dept Phys & Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. RP Louchouarn, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Geosci Bldg,Room 110,POB 1000,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM pl2065@columbia.edu RI Herbert, Bruce/K-4744-2013; Herbert, Bruce/L-2170-2015 OI Herbert, Bruce/0000-0002-6736-1148; Herbert, Bruce/0000-0002-6736-1148 NR 92 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1601 EP 1623 DI 10.1016/j.appgeochem.2004.02.006 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 853OF UT WOS:000223836200008 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP Liddle, JA Salmassi, F Anderson, EH Gullikson, EM AF Naulleau, PP Liddle, JA Salmassi, F Anderson, EH Gullikson, EM TI Design, fabrication, and characterization of high-efficiency extreme-ultraviolet diffusers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; X-RAY; DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; COHERENCE AB As the development of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography progresses, interest grows in the extension of traditional optical components to the EUV regime. Because of the strong absorption of EUV by most materials and because of its extremely short wavelength, however, it is difficult to implement many components that are commonplace in the longer-wavelength regimes. One such example is the diffuser that is often implemented with ordinary ground glass in the visible light regime. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of reflective EUV diffusers with high efficiency within a controllable bandwidth. Using these techniques, we have fabricated diffusers with efficiencies exceeding 10% within a moderate angular single-sided bandwidth of approximately 0.06 rad. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnaulleau@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 28 BP 5323 EP 5329 DI 10.1364/AO.43.005323 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 860PN UT WOS:000224355600006 PM 15495422 ER PT J AU Mikerov, VI Zhitnik, IA Barmakov, JN Bogolubov, EP Ryzhkov, VI Koshelev, A Soshin, NP Waschkowski, W Lanza, RC Hall, JM AF Mikerov, VI Zhitnik, IA Barmakov, JN Bogolubov, EP Ryzhkov, VI Koshelev, A Soshin, NP Waschkowski, W Lanza, RC Hall, JM TI Prospects for efficient detectors for fast neutron imaging SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiography CY JUN 03-06, 2001 CL State Coll, PA SP Aerotest Operat Inc, Penn State, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Penn State, Radiat Sci & Engn Ctr, ASTM Comm E07 DE fast neutron imaging; position-sensitive neutron detector; luminescent screen; neutron radiography AB A physical model describing in detail the process of fast neutron imaging in luminescent screens is presented. The detection quantum efficiency, luminosity and inherent spatial resolution of the screen were calculated using this model. Properties of transparent and disperse screens were compared. Two imaging systems were suggested to improve the detection efficiency and spatial resolution. A stack consisting of alternating neutron converters and image plates can help in obtaining both high spatial resolution and efficiency. A system containing a screen of special form and a diaphragm can be of use especially in the case of the fan beam. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 All Russian Res Inst Automat, VNILA, Moscow 101000, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. NPO Platan, Fryazino 141120, Moscow Region, Russia. Tech Univ Munich, Reactorstn, D-85747 Garching, Germany. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mikerov, VI (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Automat, VNILA, Cent PO,PO 918, Moscow 101000, Russia. EM vmiker@sci.lebedev.ru NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 61 IS 4 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.03.078 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 842QZ UT WOS:000223020400017 PM 15246394 ER PT J AU Claytor, TN Taddeucci, TN Hills, CR Summa, DA Davis, AW McDonald, TE Schwab, MJ AF Claytor, TN Taddeucci, TN Hills, CR Summa, DA Davis, AW McDonald, TE Schwab, MJ TI High-energy and thermal-neutron imaging and modeling with an amorphous silicon flat-panel detector SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiography CY JUN 03-06, 2001 CL State Coll, PA SP Aerotest Operat Inc, Penn State, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Penn State, Radiat Sci & Engn Ctr, ASTM Comm E07 DE tomography; amorphous silicon imager; storage-phosphor image plates; neutron radiography; radiography modeling AB The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) operates two spallation neutron sources dedicated to research in materials science, condensed-matter physics, and fundamental and applied nuclear physics. Prior to 1995, all thermal neutron radiography at Los Alamos was done on a beam port attached to the Omega West reactor, a small 8 MW research reactor used primarily for radioisotope production and prompt and delayed neutron activation analysis. After the closure of this facility, two largely independent radiography development efforts were begun at LANSCE using moderated cold and thermal neutrons from the Target-1 source and high-energy neutrons from the Target-4 source. Investigations with cold and thermal neutrons employed a neutron converter and film, a scintillation screen and CCD camera system, and a new high-resolution amorphous silicon (a-Si) flat-panel detector system. Recent work with high-energy neutrons (E-n > 1 MeV) has involved storage-phosphor image plates. Some comparison high-energy images were obtained with both image plates and the a-Si panel and showed equivalent image quality for approximately equal exposure times. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Claytor, TN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM claytor@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 61 IS 4 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.03.083 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 842QZ UT WOS:000223020400025 PM 15246402 ER PT J AU Badzioch, MD Igo, RP Gagnon, F Brunzell, JD Krauss, RM Motulsky, AG Wijsman, EM Jarvik, GP AF Badzioch, MD Igo, RP Gagnon, F Brunzell, JD Krauss, RM Motulsky, AG Wijsman, EM Jarvik, GP TI Low-density lipoprotein particle size loci in familial combined hyperlipidemia - Evidence for multiple loci from a genome scan SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LDL size; linkage scan; familial combined hyperlipidemia ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; HEART-DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE; GENETIC-VARIATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; LDL SUBFRACTIONS AB Objective - Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size is associated with vascular disease and with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Methods and Results - We used logarithm of odds (lod) score and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) linkage analysis methods to perform a 10-cM genome scan of LDL size, measured as peak particle diameter (PPD) and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and triglycerides in 4 large families with FCHL (n = 185). We identified significant evidence of linkage to a chromosome 9p locus (multipoint lod(max) = 3.70; MCMC intensity ratio [ IR] = 21) in a single family, and across all 4 families to chromosomes 16q23 (lod(max) = 3.00; IR = 43) near cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and to 11q22 (lod(max) = 3.71; IR = 120). Chromosome 14q24-31, a region with previous suggestive LDL PPD linkage evidence, yielded an IR of 71 but an lod(max) =1.79 in the combined families. Conclusions - These results of significant evidence of linkage to 3 regions (9p, 16q, and 11q) and confirmatory support of previous reported linkage to 14q in large FCHL pedigrees demonstrate that LDL size is a trait influenced by multiple loci and illustrate the complementary use of lod score and MCMC methods in analysis of a complex trait. C1 Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Metab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Nutr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jarvik, GP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM pair@u.washington.edu RI Jarvik, Gail/N-6476-2014; OI Jarvik, Gail/0000-0002-6710-8708; Wijsman, Ellen/0000-0002-2725-6669 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00037]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574, HL 30086, N01-HV-48141, HL 33577]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 46255] NR 76 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1942 EP 1950 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000143499.09575.93 PG 9 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 860EV UT WOS:000224326200034 PM 15331429 ER PT J AU Roth, K Westphalen, D Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J AF Roth, K Westphalen, D Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J TI Modulating compressors for residential cooling SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 46 IS 10 BP 56 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 861SL UT WOS:000224438800013 ER PT J AU Burns, CR Dyer, CC Kronberg, PP Roser, HJ AF Burns, CR Dyer, CC Kronberg, PP Roser, HJ TI Theoretical modeling of weakly lensed polarized radio sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : jets; gravitational lensing; polarization; quasars : individual (3C 9, QSO 1253+104) ID GRAVITATIONAL LENS; JETS; ASTROPHYSICS; COLLIMATION; GALAXIES AB In this paper we present the theoretical basis for the modeling of weakly gravitationally lensed extended sources that are polarized. This technique has been used in the past to constrain the mass profiles of galaxies projected against the jet of the quasar 3C 9. Since then, work has been done to improve both the measurement and theoretical modeling of the lensing signal, which manifests itself as an alignment breaking between the morphology and the polarization, parametrized as eta(G). To this end, we present the mathematical derivation of the theoretical value of eta(G) as well as numerical simulations of expected signals in polarized radio jets. We use the radio jet sources 3C 9 and QSO 1253+104 as illustrative examples of the measurement and modeling of the eta(G) signal. For 3C 9, we present constraints on the parameters of the two intervening lenses and quantify their confidence intervals. One lens has no measured redshift, and in this case, we show the dependence of mass and mass-to-light ratio on assumed redshift. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87501 USA. Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Burns, CR (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 500 Coll Ave, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM dyer@astro.utoronto.ca; kronberg@lanl.gov; roeser@mpia-hd.mpg.de NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 613 IS 2 BP 672 EP 681 DI 10.1086/423310 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859YB UT WOS:000224303200004 ER PT J AU Milne, PA Hungerford, AL Fryer, CL Evans, TM Urbatsch, TJ Boggs, SE Isern, J Bravo, E Hirschmann, A Kumagai, S Pinto, PA The, LS AF Milne, PA Hungerford, AL Fryer, CL Evans, TM Urbatsch, TJ Boggs, SE Isern, J Bravo, E Hirschmann, A Kumagai, S Pinto, PA The, LS TI Unified one-dimensional simulations of gamma-ray line emission from type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : observations; gamma rays : theory; supernovae : general ID DELAYED DETONATION MODELS; TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT; COMPTEL UPPER LIMITS; HUBBLE CONSTANT; LIGHT CURVES; EXPLOSION MECHANISM; ENERGY DEPOSITION; GALACTIC-CENTER; DECLINE-RATE; SN 1991T AB The light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are powered by gamma rays emitted by the decay of radioactive elements such as (56)Ni and its decay products. These gamma rays are downscattered, absorbed, and eventually reprocessed into the optical emission that makes up the bulk of all SN observations. Detection of the gamma rays that escape the expanding star provide the only direct means to study this power source for SN Ia light curves. Unfortunately, disagreements between calculations for the gamma-ray lines have made it difficult to interpret any gamma-ray observations. Here we present a detailed comparison of the major gamma-ray line transport codes for a series of one-dimensional SN Ia models. Discrepancies in past results were due to errors in the codes, and the corrected versions of the seven different codes yield very similar results. This convergence of the simulation results allows us to infer more reliable information from the current set of gamma-ray observations of SNe Ia. The observations of SN 1986G, SN 1991T, and SN 1998bu are consistent with explosion models based on their classification: subluminous, superluminous, and normally luminous, respectively. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IEEC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Tokyo 1018308, Japan. Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys 118, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Milne, PA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pmilne@as.arizona.edu RI Bravo, Eduardo/B-1790-2008; Isern, Jordi/B-1844-2015; Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Isern, Jordi/0000-0002-0819-9574; Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Bravo, Eduardo/0000-0003-0894-6450 NR 85 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 613 IS 2 BP 1101 EP 1119 DI 10.1086/423235 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859YB UT WOS:000224303200036 ER PT J AU Cox, AN Guzik, JA AF Cox, AN Guzik, JA TI Theoretical prediction of an observed solar g-mode SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : helioseismology; Sun : interior; Sun : oscillations ID STELLAR MODELS; REACTION-RATES; PULSATIONS; STABILITY; OSCILLATIONS; PERIODS; OPAL AB This Letter considers the weak but persistent radial velocity variations measured by the Global Oscillations at Low Frequencies instrument on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory satellite at 75.55 minutes (220.6 muHz), which is very close to our new theoretical solar model period prediction of 75.15 minutes (221.8 muHz) for the angular degree l = 2, g(3)-mode. The triplet splitting for this mode indicates that the central slow solar rotation has a frequency of 0.36 muHz. Our solar model, using the latest physical input data, is evolved to match the present solar mass, radius, luminosity, and surface composition, and it predicts, as best as currently possible, the p-mode oscillation frequencies for many l-values. Our nonadiabatic eigensolutions also show that l = 1 and 2 g-modes of radial order 4 and higher, with periods about 86 minutes (193 muHz) and 131 minutes (127 muHz), respectively, and longer, have deep radiative diffusion variations that damp their linear theory growth, making their existence and observation unlikely. Four l = 3 g-modes are calculated to be pulsationally unstable, but their detectability for observations with no angular resolution on the solar surface seems unreasonable. All these g- modes seem significantly excited by radiation flow blocking at the bottom of the solar convection envelope ( where the convective timescale, about 30,000 minutes, is much longer than the g-mode period) plus some regular hydrogen ionization kappa-effect near the solar surface. From p-mode pulsation driving experience, it is likely that this hydrogen kappa-effect driving is overestimated, because it is destroyed by time-dependent convection. For our low radial order g-modes, time-dependent convection may produce a little damping and some driving between 15,000 and 30,000 K. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T6, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM anc@lanl.gov; joy@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 613 IS 2 BP L169 EP L171 DI 10.1086/425175 PN 2 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 859YC UT WOS:000224303300022 ER PT J AU Harmon, BA Wilson, CA Fishman, GJ Connaughton, V Henze, W Paciesas, WS Finger, MH McCollough, ML Sahi, M Peterson, B Shrader, CR Grindlay, JE Barret, D AF Harmon, BA Wilson, CA Fishman, GJ Connaughton, V Henze, W Paciesas, WS Finger, MH McCollough, ML Sahi, M Peterson, B Shrader, CR Grindlay, JE Barret, D TI The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) earth occultation catalog of low-energy gamma-ray sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE catalogs; gamma rays : observations; methods : data analysis; occultations; surveys; X-rays : stars ID HARD X-RAY; ALL-SKY MONITOR; CYGNUS X-1; GRO J1655-40; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; BEPPOSAX OBSERVATION; SOURCE GRS-1915+105; SPECTRAL VARIATIONS; SUPERLUMINAL SOURCE; STATE TRANSITION AB The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), aboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), provided a record of the low-energy gamma-ray sky (similar to20-1000 keV) between 1991 April and 2000 May (9.1 yr). BATSE monitored the high-energy sky using the Earth occultation technique (EOT) for point sources whose emission extended for times on the order of the CGRO orbital period (similar to92 min) or greater. Using the EOT to extract flux information, a catalog of sources using data from the BATSE Large Area Detectors has been prepared. The first part of the catalog consists of results from the all-sky monitoring of 58 sources, mostly Galactic, with intrinsic variability on timescales of hours to years. For these sources, we have included tables of flux and spectral data, and outburst times for transients. Light curves (or flux histories) have been placed on the World Wide Web. We then performed a deep-sampling of these 58 objects, plus a selection of 121 more objects, combining data from the entire 9.1 yr BATSE data set. Source types considered were primarily accreting binaries, but a small number of representative active galaxies, X-ray-emitting stars, and supernova remnants were also included. The sample represents a compilation of sources monitored and/or discovered with BATSE and other high-energy instruments between 1991 and 2000, known sources taken from the HEAO 1 A-4 and Macomb & Gehrels catalogs. The deep sample results include definite detections of 83 objects and possible detections of 36 additional objects. The definite detections spanned three classes of sources: accreting black hole and neutron star binaries, active galaxies, and supernova remnants. The average fluxes measured for the fourth class, the X-ray emitting stars, were below the confidence limit for definite detection. Flux data for the deep sample are presented in four energy bands: 20-40, 40-70, 70-160, and 160-430 keV. The limiting average flux level (9.1 yr) for the sample varies from 3.5 to 20 mcrab (5 sigma) between 20 and 430 keV, depending on systematic error, which in turn is primarily dependent on the sky location. To strengthen the credibility of detection of weaker sources (similar to5-25 mcrab), we generated Earth occultation images, searched for periodic behavior using FFT and epoch folding methods, and critically evaluated the energy-dependent emission in the four flux bands. The deep sample results are intended for guidance in performing future all-sky surveys or pointed observations in the hard X-ray and low-energy gamma-ray band, as well as more detailed studies with the BATSE EOT. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 04, France. RP Harmon, BA (reprint author), US DOE, NE50, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM colleen.a.wilson-hodge@nasa.gov NR 162 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 154 IS 2 BP 585 EP 622 DI 10.1086/421940 PG 38 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 856SL UT WOS:000224065000009 ER PT J AU Lobscheid, AB McKone, TE AF Lobscheid, AB McKone, TE TI Constraining uncertainties about the sources and magnitude of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in ambient air: the state of Minnesota as a case study SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE gasoline motor vehicles; diesel fuel motor vehicles; external combustion boilers; residential wood combustion; emissions inventory ID CHILDRENS PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; EVALUATIVE FATE; WOOD COMBUSTION; LIGHT-DUTY; EMISSIONS; GASOLINE; DIESEL; VARIABILITY; POLLUTION; VEHICLES AB Emissions data are often lacking or uncertain for many airborne contaminants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from combustion sources fall into this category. Currently available ambient-air emission inventories of PAHs either fail to account for population-based activities, such as residential wood combustion (RWC) and motor vehicle (MV) activity, and/or report "total PAH" or particulate organic matter emissions, instead of individual compound emissions. We assess the degree of overlap between predicted concentrations from estimated emissions with measured concentrations. Our analysis is based on probabilistic analysis of measured outdoor air concentrations with those predicted from mass-balance models. Based on available information, we estimate the relative magnitude of emissions from three major sources of PAHs to outdoor air: (1) on-road MVs, including light-duty gasoline vehicles and diesel-powered buses and medium and heavy-duty trucks; (2) RWC; and (3) power generation from external combustion boilers. We use the CalTOX regional multimedia mass-balance model to evaluate our emissions estimates in rural and urban regions of the state of Minnesota, USA. We compare model estimates of outdoor PAH airborne concentrations with those reported by the Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study (MNCPES). With these measured concentrations we probabilistically evaluate the reliability of our emissions estimates for specific PAHs. The median estimates of our predicted outdoor air concentrations agree within an order of magnitude of measured concentrations. For four representative PAHs, we obtain a reasonable degree of overlap between empirical and predicted distributions of outdoor air concentrations. Our combination of models, emissions estimates, and empirical concentration data estimate exposure in a manner that is more reliable than any of these tools alone. Thereby, we increase our confidence about our plausible ranges of emissions and predicted concentrations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lobscheid, AB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ablobscheid@lbl.gov NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 38 IS 33 BP 5501 EP 5515 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.035 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864TX UT WOS:000224656900001 ER PT J AU Coombs, D Goldstein, B AF Coombs, D Goldstein, B TI Effects of the geometry of the immunological synapse on the delivery of effector molecules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CELL-ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; RECEPTOR-ALPHA CHAIN; SPLENIC B-CELLS; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-4; T-CELLS; DIFFUSION; SEGREGATION; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; KINETICS AB Recent experiments focusing on the function of the immunological synapse formed between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell raise many questions about its purpose. We examine the proposal that the close apposition of the cell membranes in the central region of the synapse acts to focus T-cell secretions on the target cell, thus reducing the effect on nearby cells. We show that the efficiency of targeted T-cell responses to closely apposed cells is only weakly dependent on the distance between the cells. We also calculate effective ( diffusion-limited) rates of binding and unbinding for molecules secreted within the synapse. We apply our model to the stimulation of B cells by secreted interleukin-4 (IL-4), and find that very few molecules of IL-4 need be released to essentially saturate the IL-4 receptors on the B-cell surface. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coombs, D (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. EM coombs@math.ubc.ca OI Coombs, Daniel/0000-0002-8038-6278 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM035556, R37-GM35556] NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 2215 EP 2220 DI 10.1529/biophysj.104.045674 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 857OY UT WOS:000224129200011 PM 15454424 ER PT J AU Tung, CS Sanbonmatsu, KY AF Tung, CS Sanbonmatsu, KY TI Atomic model of the Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome developed in silico SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SARCIN RICIN LOOP; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RNA; SUBUNIT; PROTEIN; TRANSLOCATION; DYNAMICS; ACID AB The ribosome is a large molecular complex that consists of at least three ribonucleic acid molecules and a large number of proteins. It translates genetic information from messenger ribonucleic acid and makes protein accordingly. To better understand ribosomal function and provide information for designing biochemical experiments require knowledge of the complete structure of the ribosome. For expanding the structural information of the ribosome, we took on the challenge of developing a detailed Thermus thermophilus ribosomal structure computationally. By combining information derived from the low-resolution x-ray structure of the 70S ribosome ( providing the overall fold), high-resolution structures of the ribosomal subunits ( providing the local structure), sequences, and secondary structures, we have developed an atomic model of the T. thermophilus ribosome using a homology modeling approach. Our model is stereochemically sound with a consistent single-species sequence. The overall folds of the three ribosomal ribonucleic acids in our model are consistent with those in the low-resolution crystal structure ( root mean-square differences are all <1.9&ANGS;). The large overall interface area (&SIM;2500 &ANGS;(2)) of intersubunit bridges B2a, B3, and B5, and the inherent flexibility in regions connecting the contact residues are consistent with these bridges serving as anchoring patches for the ratcheting and rolling motions between the two subunits during translocation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tung, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ct@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 2714 EP 2722 DI 10.1529/biophysj.104.040162 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 857OY UT WOS:000224129200054 PM 15454463 ER PT J AU Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Jastrow, JD McCarl, BA Amonette, JE Bailey, VL Jardine, PM West, TO Zhou, JZ AF Post, WM Izaurralde, RC Jastrow, JD McCarl, BA Amonette, JE Bailey, VL Jardine, PM West, TO Zhou, JZ TI Enhancement of carbon sequestration in US soils SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil carbon sequestration; full carbon accounting; terrestrial ecosystems; land-use change; integrated assessment ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LAND-USE CHANGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHENOLIC POLYMERS; C SEQUESTRATION; AGRICULTURE; MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE; ATMOSPHERE; MODELS AB Improved practices in agriculture, forestry, and land management could be used to increase soil carbon and thereby significantly reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Understanding biological and edaphic processes that increase and retain soil carbon can lead to specific manipulations that enhance soil carbon sequestration. These manipulations, however, will be suitable for adoption only if they are technically feasible over large areas, economically competitive with alternative measures to offset greenhouse gas emissions, and environmentally beneficial. Here we present the elements of an integrated evaluation of soil carbon sequestration methods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Res Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. PNNL, Richland, WA USA. RP Post, WM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM postwmiii@ornl.gov RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; OI West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 63 TC 82 Z9 85 U1 8 U2 36 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD OCT PY 2004 VL 54 IS 10 BP 895 EP 908 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0895:EOCSIU]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 860VT UT WOS:000224372500008 ER PT J AU Pasa-Tolic, L Masselon, C Barry, RC Shen, YF Smith, RD AF Pasa-Tolic, L Masselon, C Barry, RC Shen, YF Smith, RD TI Proteomic analyses using an accurate mass and time tag strategy SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Review ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; CAPILLARY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT PROTEOMICS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; MESSENGER-RNA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AB An accurate mass and time (AMT) tag approach for proteomic analyses has been developed over the past several years to facilitate comprehensive high-throughput proteomic measurements. An AMT tag database for an organism, tissue, or cell line is established by initially performing standard shotgun proteomic analysis and, most importantly, by validating peptide identifications using the mass measurement accuracy of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography (LC) elation time constraint. Creation of an AMT tag database largely obviates the need for subsequent MSIMS analyses, and thus facilitates high-throughput analyses. The strength of this technology resides in the ability to achieve highly efficient and reproducible one-dimensional reversed-phased LC separations in conjunction with highly accurate mass measurements using FTICR MS. Recent improvements allow for the analysis of as little as picrogram amounts of proteome samples by minimizing sample handling and maximizing peptide recovery. The nanoproteonmics platform has also demonstrated the ability to detect >10(6) differences in protein abundances and identify more abundant proteins from subpicogram amounts of samples. The AMT tag approach is poised to become a new standard technique for the in-depth and high-throughput analysis of complex organisms and clinical samples, with the potential to extend the analysis to a single mammalian cell. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pasa-Tolic, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ljiljana.pasatolic@pnl.gov RI Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA81654, CA86340]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 73 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI WESTBOROUGH PA ONE RESEARCH DRIVE, SUITE 400A, PO BOX 1070, WESTBOROUGH, MA 01581-6070 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD OCT PY 2004 VL 37 IS 4 BP 621 EP + PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 863CY UT WOS:000224539400019 PM 15517975 ER PT J AU Diner, DJ Ackerman, TP Anderson, TL Bosenberg, J Braverman, AJ Charlson, RJ Collins, WD Davies, R Holben, BN Hostetler, CA Kahn, RA Martonchik, JV Menzies, RT Miller, MA Ogren, JA Penner, JE Rasch, PJ Schwartz, SE Seinfeld, JH Stephens, GL Torres, O Travis, LD Wielicki, BA Yu, B AF Diner, DJ Ackerman, TP Anderson, TL Bosenberg, J Braverman, AJ Charlson, RJ Collins, WD Davies, R Holben, BN Hostetler, CA Kahn, RA Martonchik, JV Menzies, RT Miller, MA Ogren, JA Penner, JE Rasch, PJ Schwartz, SE Seinfeld, JH Stephens, GL Torres, O Travis, LD Wielicki, BA Yu, B TI PARAGON - An integrated approach for characterizing aerosol climate impacts and environmental interactions SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION; ALBEDO AB Aerosols exert myriad influences on the earth's environment and climate, and on human health. The complexity of aerosol-related processes requires that information gathered to improve our understanding of climate change must originate from multiple sources, and that effective strategies for data integration need to be established. While a vast array of observed and modeled data are becoming available, the aerosol research community currently lacks the necessary tools and infrastructure to reap maximum scientific benefit from these data. Spatial and temporal sampling differences among a diverse set of sensors, nonuniform data qualities, aerosol mesoscale variabilities, and difficulties in separating cloud effects are some of the challenges that need to be addressed. Maximizing the long-term benefit from these data also requires maintaining consistently well-understood accuracies as measurement approaches evolve and improve. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of how aerosol physical, chemical, and radiative processes impact the earth system can be achieved only through a multidisciplinary, inter-agency, and international initiative capable of dealing with these issues. A systematic approach, capitalizing on modern measurement and modeling techniques, geospatial statistics methodologies, and high-performance information technologies, can provide the necessary machinery to support this objective. We outline a framework for integrating and interpreting observations and models, and establishing an accurate, consistent, and cohesive long-term record, following a strategy whereby information and tools of progressively greater sophistication are incorporated as problems of increasing complexity are tackled. This concept is named the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON). To encompass the breadth of the effort required, we present a set of recommendations dealing with data interoperability; measurement and model integration; multisensor synergy; data summarization and mining; model evaluation; calibration and validation; augmentation of surface and in situ measurements; advances in passive and active remote sensing; and design of satellite missions. Without an initiative of this nature, the scientific and policy communities will continue to struggle with understanding the quantitative impact of complex aerosol processes on regional and global climate change and air quality. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-237,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov RI Davies, Roger/D-4296-2009; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Davies, Roger/0000-0002-2991-0409; Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1491 EP 1501 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1491 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 865GF UT WOS:000224689900010 ER PT J AU Seinfeld, JH Kahn, RA Anderson, TL Charlson, RJ Davies, R Diner, DJ Ogren, JA Schwartz, SE Wielicki, BA AF Seinfeld, JH Kahn, RA Anderson, TL Charlson, RJ Davies, R Diner, DJ Ogren, JA Schwartz, SE Wielicki, BA TI Scientific objectives, measurement needs, and challenges motivating the PARAGON aerosol initiative SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; CLOUD COVER; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SULFATE AEROSOLS; AIR-POLLUTION; SATELLITE; PARAMETERS; RETRIEVAL; RESOLUTION; OCEAN AB Aerosols are involved in a complex set of processes that operate across many spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these processes, and ensuring their accurate representation in models of transport, radiation transfer, and climate, requires knowledge of aerosol physical, chemical, and optical properties and the distributions of these properties in space and time. To derive aerosol climate forcing, aerosol optical and microphysical properties and their spatial and temporal distributions, and aerosol interactions with clouds, need to be understood. Such data are also required in conjunction with size-resolved chemical composition in order to evaluate chemical transport models and to distinguish natural and anthropogenic forcing. Other basic parameters needed for modeling the radiative influences of aerosols are surface reflectivity and three-dimensional cloud fields. This large suite of parameters mandates an integrated observing and modeling system of commensurate scope. The Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) concept, designed to meet this requirement, is motivated by the need to understand climate system sensitivity to changes in atmospheric constituents, to reduce climate model uncertainties, and to analyze diverse collections of data pertaining to aerosols. This paper highlights several challenges resulting from the complexity of the problem. Approaches for dealing with them are offered in the set of companion papers. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Diner, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-237,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov RI Davies, Roger/D-4296-2009; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Davies, Roger/0000-0002-2991-0409; Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1503 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1503 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 865GF UT WOS:000224689900011 ER PT J AU Kahn, RA Ogren, JA Ackerman, TP Bosenberg, J Charlson, RJ Diner, DJ Holben, BN Menzies, RT Miller, MA Seinfeld, JH AF Kahn, RA Ogren, JA Ackerman, TP Bosenberg, J Charlson, RJ Diner, DJ Holben, BN Menzies, RT Miller, MA Seinfeld, JH TI Aerosol data sources and their roles within PARAGON SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; RESEARCH SCANNING POLARIMETER; OPTICAL DEPTH; UNITED-STATES; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SATELLITE DATA; SAHARAN DUST; RETRIEVAL AB We briefly but systematically review major sources of aerosol data, emphasizing suites of measurements that seem most likely to contribute to assessments of global aerosol climate forcing. The strengths and limitations of existing satellite, surface, and aircraft remote sensing systems are described, along with those of direct sampling networks and ship-based stations. It is evident that an enormous number of aerosol-related observations have been made, on a wide range of spatial and temporal sampling scales, and that many of the key gaps in this collection of data could be filled by technologies that either exist or are expected to be available in the near future. Emphasis must be given to combining remote sensing and in situ active and passive observations and integrating them with aerosol chemical transport models, in order to create a more complete environmental picture, having sufficient detail to address current climate forcing questions. The Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) initiative would provide an organizational framework to meet this goal. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Diner, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 169-237,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM djd@jord.ipl.nasa.gov RI Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 86 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1511 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1511 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 865GF UT WOS:000224689900012 ER PT J AU Ackerman, TP Braverman, AJ Diner, DJ Anderson, TL Kahn, RA Martonchik, JV Penner, JE Rasch, PJ Wielicki, BA Yu, B AF Ackerman, TP Braverman, AJ Diner, DJ Anderson, TL Kahn, RA Martonchik, JV Penner, JE Rasch, PJ Wielicki, BA Yu, B TI Integrating and interpreting aerosol observations and models within the PARAGON framework SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SPACE-TIME MODELS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; INDOEX AEROSOL; SAHARAN DUST; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; OCEAN; TRANSPORT AB Given the breadth and complexity of available data, constructing a measurement-based description of global tropospheric aerosols that will effectively confront and constrain global three-dimensional models is a daunting task. Because data are obtained from multiple sources and acquired with nonuniform spatial and temporal sampling, scales, and coverage, protocols need to be established that will organize this vast body of knowledge. Currently, there is no capability to assemble the existing aerosol data into a unified, interoperable whole. Technology advancements now being pursued in high-performance distributed computing initiatives can accomplish this objective. Once the data are organized, there are many approaches that can be brought to bear upon the problem of integrating data from different sources. These include data-driven approaches, such as geospatial statistics formulations, and model-driven approaches, such as assimilation or chemical transport modeling. Establishing a data interoperability framework will stimulate algorithm development and model validation and will facilitate the exploration of synergies between different data types. Data summarization and mining techniques can be used to make statistical inferences about climate system relationships and interpret patterns of aerosol-induced change. Generating descriptions of complex, nonlinear relationships among multiple parameters is critical to climate model improvement and validation. Finally, determining the role of aerosols in past and future climate change ultimately requires the use of fully coupled climate and chemistry models, and the evaluation of these models is required in order to trust their results. The set of recommendations presented here address one component of the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) initiative. Implementing them will produce the most accurate four-dimensional representation of global aerosols, which can then be used for testing, constraining, and validating models. These activities are critical components of a sustained program to quantify aerosol effects on global climate. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-237,800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012 OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359 NR 78 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1523 EP 1533 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1523 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 865GF UT WOS:000224689900013 ER PT J AU Diner, DJ Menzies, RT Kahn, RA Anderson, TL Bosenberg, J Charlson, RJ Holben, BN Hostetler, CA Miller, MA Ogren, JA Stephens, GL Torres, O Wielicki, BA Rasch, PJ Travis, LD Collins, WD AF Diner, DJ Menzies, RT Kahn, RA Anderson, TL Bosenberg, J Charlson, RJ Holben, BN Hostetler, CA Miller, MA Ogren, JA Stephens, GL Torres, O Wielicki, BA Rasch, PJ Travis, LD Collins, WD TI Using the PARAGON framework to establish an accurate, consistent, and cohesive long-term aerosol record SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICAL PARTICLE PARAMETERS; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; OPTICAL-SCATTERING PROPERTIES; SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SATELLITE RETRIEVAL; PHASE FUNCTION AB A comprehensive and cohesive aerosol measurement record with consistent, well-understood uncertainties is a prerequisite to understanding aerosol impacts on long-term climate and environmental variability. Objectives to attaining such an understanding include improving upon the current state-of-the-art sensor calibration and developing systematic validation methods for remotely sensed microphysical properties. While advances in active and passive remote sensors will lead to needed improvements in retrieval accuracies and capabilities, ongoing validation is essential so that the changing sensor characteristics do not mask atmospheric trends. Surface-based radiometer, chemical, and lidar networks have critical roles within an integrated observing system, yet they currently undersample key geographic regions, have limitations in certain measurement capabilities, and lack stable funding. In situ aircraft observations of size-resolved aerosol chemical composition are necessary to provide important linkages between active and passive remote sensing. A planned, systematic approach toward a global aerosol observing network, involving multiple sponsoring agencies and surface-based, suborbital, and spaceborne sensors, is required to prioritize trade-offs regarding capabilities and costs. This strategy is a key ingredient of the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) framework. A set of recommendations is presented. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 169-237,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov RI Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 76 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1535 EP 1548 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1535 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 865GF UT WOS:000224689900014 ER PT J AU Rutledge, JT Phillips, WS Mayerhofer, MJ AF Rutledge, JT Phillips, WS Mayerhofer, MJ TI Faulting induced by forced fluid injection and fluid flow forced by faulting: An interpretation of hydraulic-fracture microseismicity, Carthage Cotton Valley gas field, Texas SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR; EAST TEXAS; ROCK; MICROEARTHQUAKES; SLIP; MECHANICS; STRESS; OIL; SEISMICITY; PARKFIELD AB We analyzed precisely located microearthquake data detected during five hydraulic fracture treatments in the Carthage gas field of east Texas. The treatments were conducted in two adjacent boreholes within interbedded sands and shales of the Upper Cotton Valley formation. The microearthquakes were induced within narrow horizontal bands that correspond to the targeted sandstone layers. Events throughout all the treatments show strike-slip faulting occurring uniformly along vertical fractures trending close to maximum horizontal stress direction. These events are consistent with the reservoir's prevalent natural fractures, known to be isolated within the sands and trending subparallel to the expected hydraulic fracture orientation. When this uniform fracture system was activated exclusively, the detected shear deformation, measured as the moment release per unit volume of fluid injected, was constant, independent of various fluid viscosities and flow rates used. Within the base of the Upper Cotton Valley formation, anomalous event counts and moment release occurred within dense clusters that delineate bends or jogs in the fracture zones. The mechanisms are also strike-slip, but the fault planes are more favorably oriented for failure. The dense clusters show location patterns diverging in time, suggesting the expulsion of fluids from compressive fault jogs. Fluid flow forced by the adjacent slip-induced loading appears to initially extend the treatments, but the loading also tends to lock up and concentrate stress at the jogs, as evident by fewer but larger events populating the structures as treatments progress. As a result, effective drainage lengths from the boreholes may be shorter than would be inferred from the seismicity extending past the jogs. These high-moment asperities are similar to dense patches of seismicity observed along creeping sections of the San Andreas fault, where they have been attributed to localized zones of strength or stress concentration, surrounded by larger regions undergoing stable, aseismic slip. This similarity, plus large moment deficits in terms of volume injected, suggests a large component of aseismic slip is induced by the Cotton Valley treatments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Pinnacle Technol Inc, Houston, TX 77090 USA. RP Rutledge, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jrutledge@lanl.gov NR 51 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 37 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 94 IS 5 BP 1817 EP 1830 DI 10.1785/012003257 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 868ZW UT WOS:000224952900017 ER PT J AU Argilla, D Chin, K Singh, M Hodgson, JG Bosenberg, M de Solorzano, CO Lockett, S DePinho, RA Gray, J Hanahan, D AF Argilla, D Chin, K Singh, M Hodgson, JG Bosenberg, M de Solorzano, CO Lockett, S DePinho, RA Gray, J Hanahan, D TI Absence of telomerase and shortened telomeres have minimal effects on skin and pancreatic carcinogenesis elicited by viral oncogenes SO CANCER CELL LA English DT Article ID MULTISTAGE TUMORIGENESIS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; LACKING TELOMERASE; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; TISSUE-SECTIONS; TRANSGENIC MICE; DEFICIENT MICE; IMMORTAL CELLS; CANCER; LENGTH AB The telomere-stabilizing enzyme telomerase is induced in tumors and functionally associated with unlimited replicative potential. To further explore its necessity, transgenic mice expressing SV40 or HPV16 oncogenes, which elicit carcinomas in pancreas and skin, respectively, were rendered telomerase-deficient. Absence of telomerase had minimal impact on tumorigenesis, even in terc(-/-) generations (G5-7) exhibiting shortened telomeres and phenotypic abnormalities in multiple organs. Analyses of chromosomal aberrations were not indicative of telomere dysfunction or increased genomic instability in tumors. Quantitative image analysis of telomere repeat intensities comparing biopsies of skin hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma revealed that telomere numbers and relative lengths were maintained during progression, implicating a means for preserving telomere repeats and functionality in the absence of telomerase. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Diabet, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Dana Farber Canc Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hanahan, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Diabet, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM dh@biochem.ucsf.edu RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205 NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1535-6108 J9 CANCER CELL JI Cancer Cell PD OCT PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 BP 373 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.08.032 PG 13 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 865HO UT WOS:000224693500009 PM 15488760 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Kung, MC Kozlova, A Yuan, SD Kung, HH AF Kim, DH Kung, MC Kozlova, A Yuan, SD Kung, HH TI Synergism between Pt/Al2O3 and Au/TiO2 in the low temperature oxidation of propene SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Pt/Al2O3; Au/TiO2; CO oxidation; C3H6 oxidation; synergism; physical mixture ID CO OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; GOLD CATALYSTS AB CO impedes the low temperature (<170&DEG;C) oxidation of C3H6 on supported Pt. Supported Au catalysts are very effective in the removal of CO by oxidation, although it has little propene oxidation activity under these conditions. Addition of Au/TiO2 to Pt/Al2O3 either as a physical mixture or as a pre-catalyst removes the CO and lowers the light-off temperature (T-50) for C3H6 oxidation compared with Pt catalyst alone by &SIM;54&DEG;C in a feed of 1% CO, 400 ppm C3H6, 14% O-2, 2% H2O. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Phys Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kung, HH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM hkung@northwestern.edu RI Kung, Mayfair/B-7648-2009; Kung, Harold/B-7647-2009; Kim, Do Heui/I-3727-2015 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 98 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s10562-004-6440-z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 865KN UT WOS:000224701700003 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Woo, SI AF Kim, DH Woo, SI TI Comparison of two preparation methods in the redox properties of Pd/CeO2/Ta/Si model catalysts: spin coating versus sputter deposition SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AFM; CeO2; model catalyst; Pd; spin coating; sputter deposition; XPS ID CERIA; OXIDATION; SURFACE; PARTICLES; REDUCTION; METHANOL; HYDROGEN; PD AB Pd/CeO2/Ta/Si model catalysts were prepared by spin coating and sputter deposition method, and characterized by means of AFM, SEM and in situ XPS, especially focusing on the redox properties of Ce and Pd elements. Compared with thin CeO2 films (about 2.2 nm), the thicker ones (about 22 nm) maintained Ce4+ oxidation state even after treatment with H-2 up to 500degreesC while the presence of Pd facilitated the reduction of ceria. The reduction of ceria brought about following that of PdO, which was explained by the spillover of hydride in Pd to CeO2 originating from hydrogen adsorption on the Pd surface. Compared with the sputter deposition method, spin coating produced the smaller size of Pd particles, thus leading to formation of the stable PdO species against hydrogen. Based on these results, a schematic model of Pd/CeO2/Ta/Si was suggested and it might be assumed that spin coating method provided with an environment similar to the conventional impregnation. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Ultramicrochem Proc Syst, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Phys Sci Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM do.kim@pnl.gov RI Kim, Do Heui/I-3727-2015; Woo, SeongIhl/C-1902-2011 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 98 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s10562-004-6443-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 865KN UT WOS:000224701700005 ER PT J AU Neylon, MK Castagnola, MJ Castagnola, NB Marshall, CL AF Neylon, MK Castagnola, MJ Castagnola, NB Marshall, CL TI Coated bifunctional catalysts for NOxSCR with C3H6 - Part I: water-enhanced activity SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article DE Cu-ZSM-5; CeO7; lean-burn; deNO(x); low temperature; propylene ID EXCHANGED ZSM-5 ZEOLITES; NITRIC-OXIDE; REDUCTION; NO; DECOMPOSITION; DEACTIVATION; PROPENE; CU-ZSM-5 AB Bifunctional catalysts comprising metal-exchange zeolites coated by metal oxides have been prepared and shown to be active catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with propylene. Characterization of the materials by various means shows that oxide nano-particles adhere to the external surface of the zeolite and create a fine permeable coating which does not block the zeolite pores. When ceria is used, the combination of phases lowers the maximum activity temperature of the deNOx reaction as much as 150degreesC relative to the metal-zeolite only. In addition, a unique activity enhancement in the presence of water is observed. These effects are observed in different zeolite systems to various degrees indicating that the nature of the exchanged metal or zeolite framework is not critical. In particular, CeO2/Cu-ZSM-5 displays a maximum of activity at a temperature as low as 250degreesC. The benefits of low temperature and water-enhanced activity obtained by the coating technique exceed those displayed by other bifunctional materials combining cerium and zeolites through different approaches. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marshall, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM clmarshall@anl.gov RI Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.05.007 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 860QF UT WOS:000224357400007 ER PT J AU Castagnola, MJ Neylon, MK Marshall, CL AF Castagnola, MJ Neylon, MK Marshall, CL TI Coated bifunctional catalysts for NO, SCR with C3H6 - Part II. In situ spectroscopic characterization SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article DE Cu-ZSM-5; CeO2; lean burn; deNO(x); low temperature; propylene; TPR; infrared; X-ray absorption; water effect ID NITRIC-OXIDE; REDUCTION; CU-ZSM-5; CERIA; OXIDATION; ZEOLITES; COMPLEX; PROPENE; METHANE; WATER AB The effect of finely coating Cu-ZSM-5 with nanoparticles of ceria has been studied in situ by XANES, DRIFTS and TPR. The combination of these techniques reveals a lower temperature of reduction for both metals (Cu and Ce) in the bifunctional catalyst. Copper interacts with ceria nanocrystals at the oxide-zeolite interface and forms a localized phase comparable to doped ceria solid solutions commonly used as oxidation catalysts. As a result the catalyst is able to activate C3H6 and form NO2 at low temperatures. Analysis of the stability of adsorbed CO by DRIFTS suggests that the addition of water promotes the oxidation of Cu1+ on the coated catalyst. In addition, TPD and TGA results, in combination with supplementary DRIFTS experiments, indicate that the ceria coating retains water at the interface during reaction conditions. The combination of these events yields relatively high C3H6-SCR activity at temperatures as low as 250degreesC. It is believed that the affinity towards water and extended coverage of the coating also protects the zeolite against degradation by restricting the diffusion of water molecules into the zeolite pores. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Marshall, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM clmarshall@anl.gov RI Garcia-Sanchez, Almudena/B-3303-2009; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Marshall, Christopher/D-1493-2015 OI Marshall, Christopher/0000-0002-1285-7648 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.05.001 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 860QF UT WOS:000224357400008 ER PT J AU Yang, X Beckwith, AW AF Yang, X Beckwith, AW TI Observation of magnetic field-induced contraction of fission yeast cells using optical projection microscopy SO CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE projection imaging; flexoelectricity; contractile Lorentz force ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; ENZYMES; OBJECTS AB The charges in live cells interact with or produce electric fields, which results in enormous dielectric responses, flexoelectricity, and related phenomena. Here we report on a contraction of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) cells induced by magnetic fields, as observed using a phase-sensitive projection imaging technique. Unlike electric fields, magnetic fields only act on moving charges. The observed behavior is therefore quite remarkable, and may result from a contractile Lorentz force acting on diamagnetic screening currents. This would indicate extremely high intracellular charge mobilities. Besides, we observed a large electro-optic response from fission yeast cells. (C) Central European Science Journals. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Yang, X (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM projectbeckwith2@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTRAL EUROPEAN SCIENCE JOURNALS PI WARSAW PA 8, MARIENSZTAT ST, 00-302 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1644-3608 J9 CENT EUR J PHYS JI Cent. Eur. J. Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 636 EP 644 DI 10.2478/BF02475566 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 862LA UT WOS:000224491000004 ER PT J AU Panchal, CB AF Panchal, CB TI Ask the experts - Heat transfer SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Letter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Panchal, CB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cpanchal@ant.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 100 IS 10 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 861EZ UT WOS:000224400200010 ER PT J AU Hickner, MA Ghassemi, H Kim, YS Einsla, BR McGrath, JE AF Hickner, MA Ghassemi, H Kim, YS Einsla, BR McGrath, JE TI Alternative polymer systems for proton exchange membranes (PEMs) SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POLY(ARYLENE ETHER SULFONE); FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; RANDOM STATISTICAL COPOLYMERS; G-POLYSTYRENE MEMBRANES; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; ENGINEERING POLYMERS; IONOMERIC MEMBRANES C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Macromol & Interfaces Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Macromol & Interfaces Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmcgrath@vt.edu NR 141 TC 1819 Z9 1848 U1 97 U2 640 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 104 IS 10 BP 4587 EP 4611 DI 10.1021/cr020711a PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 863DB UT WOS:000224539700010 PM 15669163 ER PT J AU Holladay, JD Wang, Y Jones, E AF Holladay, JD Wang, Y Jones, E TI Review of developments in portable hydrogen production using microreactor technology SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID WATER-GAS-SHIFT; FUEL-CELLS; POWER APPLICATIONS; CHEMICAL REACTOR; PD/ZNO CATALYST; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NOBLE-METALS; METHANOL; STEAM; SYSTEMS C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holladay, JD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 103 TC 231 Z9 239 U1 14 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 104 IS 10 BP 4767 EP 4789 DI 10.1021/cr020721b PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 863DB UT WOS:000224539700015 PM 15669168 ER PT J AU Fischetti, RF Rodi, DJ Gore, DB Makowski, L AF Fischetti, RF Rodi, DJ Gore, DB Makowski, L TI Wide-angle X-ray solution scattering as a probe of ligand-induced conformational changes in proteins SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPID-BINDING PROTEIN; RICIN-A-CHAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RESOLUTION; DOMAIN; TRANSFERRINS; CHEMOTAXIS; INHIBITOR; TRANSPORT; DISCOVERY AB A chemical genetics approach to functional analysis of gene products utilizes high-throughput target-based screens of compound libraries to identify ligands that modulate the activity of proteins of interest. Candidates are further screened using functional assays designed specifically for the protein-and function-of interest, suffering from the need to customize the assay to each protein. An alternative strategy is to utilize a probe to detect the structural changes that usually accompany binding of a functional ligand. Wide-angle X-ray scattering from proteins provides a means to identify a broad range of ligand-induced changes in secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. The speed and accuracy of data acquisition, combined with the label-free targets and binding conditions achievable, indicate that WAXS is well suited as a moderate-throughput assay in the detection and analysis of protein-ligand interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Makowski, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM imakowski@anl.gov RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-08630] NR 35 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1431 EP 1443 DI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.08.013 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 864YH UT WOS:000224668700015 PM 15489170 ER PT J AU Che, XL Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Yong-Nam, U Li, ML Zheng, RC Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Luo, YX Ma, WC AF Che, XL Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Yong-Nam, U Li, ML Zheng, RC Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Luo, YX Ma, WC TI High-spin structure in neutron-rich Ru-108 nucleus SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVE BANDS; ISOTOPES AB High spin states in the neutron-rich Ru-108 nucleus have been studied through measuring prompt gamma-ray coincidences following the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 With the Gammasphere detector array. The yrast band has been confirmed. The one-phonon gamma-vibrational band and the two-quasiparticle band based on the 5(-) level have been extended up to 13(+) and 15(-), respectively. In addition, two levels at 1644.8 keV and 1826.5 keV excitation energies are newly identified and proposed to be the members of a two-phonon gamma-vibrational band. It is shown that the Ru-108 nucleus has triaxial deformation with parameters beta(2) similar to 0.29 and gamma = -22degrees from the total Routhian surface calculations. The observed band crossing in the yrast band is due to the alignment of a pair of h(11/2) neutrons according to the cranked shell model calculations. The possible configuration for the two-quasiparticle band has been discussed. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM chexl02@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 18 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0256-307X EI 1741-3540 J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1904 EP 1907 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 861XY UT WOS:000224453100011 ER PT J AU Zhang, WN Efaaf, MJ Wong, CY Khaliliasr, M AF Zhang, WN Efaaf, MJ Wong, CY Khaliliasr, M TI Pion interferometry for hydrodynamical expanding source with a finite Baryon density SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS AB We calculate the two-pion correlation function for an expanding hadron source with a finite baryon density. The space-time evolution of the source is described by relativistic hydrodynamics and the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) radius is extracted after effects of collective expansion and multiple scattering on the HBT interferometry have been taken into account, using quantum probability amplitudes in a path-integral formalism. We find that this radius is substantially smaller than the HBT radius extracted from the freeze-out configuration. C1 Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Harbin 150006, Peoples R China. EM wnzhang@hit.edu.cn OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0256-307X EI 1741-3540 J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 21 IS 10 BP 1918 EP 1921 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 861XY UT WOS:000224453100015 ER PT J AU Coquard, J Duffy, PB Taylor, KE Iorio, JP AF Coquard, J Duffy, PB Taylor, KE Iorio, JP TI Present and future surface climate in the western USA as simulated by 15 global climate models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB We analyze results of 15 global climate simulations contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Focusing on the western USA, we consider both present climate simulations and predicted responses to increasing atmospheric CO2. The models vary in their ability to predict the present climate. In the western USA, a few models produce a seasonal cycle for spatially averaged temperature and/or precipitation in good agreement with observational data. Other models tend to over-predict precipitation in the winter or exaggerate the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of temperature. The models also differ in their ability to reproduce the spatial patterns of temperature and precipitation in the USA. Considering the monthly mean precipitation responses to doubled atmospheric CO2, averaged over the western USA, we find some models predict increases while others predict decreases. The predicted temperature response, on the other hand, is invariably positive over this region; however, for each month, the range of values given by the different models is large compared to the mean model response. We look for possible relationships between the models' temperature and precipitation responses to doubled CO2 concentration and their ability to simulate some aspects of the present climate. We find that these relationships are weak, at best. The precipitation response over the western USA in DJF and the precipitation response over the mid- and tropical latitudes seem to be correlated with the RMS error in simulated present-day precipitation, also calculated over the mid- and tropical latitudes. However, considering only the responses of the models with the smallest RMS errors does not provide a different estimate of the precipitation response to a doubled CO2 concentration, because even among the most accurate models, the range of model responses is so large. For temperature, we find that models that have smaller RMS errors in present-climate temperature in the north eastern Pacific region predict a higher temperature response in the western USA than the models with larger errors. A similar relation exists between the temperature response over Europe in DJF and the RMS error calculated over the Northern Atlantic. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Duffy, PB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pduffy@llnl.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135 NR 8 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 5 BP 455 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0437-6 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 864DE UT WOS:000224612700001 ER PT J AU Burtis, CA Klein, B Ladenson, J Rosenfeld, L Savory, J Sunshine, A AF Burtis, CA Klein, B Ladenson, J Rosenfeld, L Savory, J Sunshine, A TI Fifty years of Clinical Chemistry, three pioneering editors SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HISTORY; AACC C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Lab Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Virginia, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Burtis, CA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1871 EP 1877 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2003.030411 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 857MB UT WOS:000224119800032 PM 15388666 ER PT J AU DeNardo, GL Kennel, SJ Siegel, JA DeNardo, SJ AF DeNardo, GL Kennel, SJ Siegel, JA DeNardo, SJ TI Radiometals as payloads for radioimmunotherapy for lymphoma SO CLINICAL LYMPHOMA LA English DT Article DE Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan; monoclonal antibodies; radionuclide; I-131 tositumomab ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; B-CELL LYMPHOMA; ANTI-CD20 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; VASCULAR TARGETED RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; IODINE I-131 TOSITUMOMAB; REFRACTORY LOW-GRADE; FRACTIONATED RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; I-131-LYM-1 ANTIBODY; THERAPY AB Because of their remarkable effectiveness in radioimmunotherapy (RIT), 2 anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (MAb) drugs, one labeled with indium 111 for imaging or yttrium 90 for therapy, and another labeled with iodine I 131 for imaging and therapy, have been approved for use in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Successful RIT for lymphomas is due in large part to the rapid and efficient binding of the targeted MAb to lymphoma cells. Carcinomas are more difficult to access, necessitating novel strategies matched with radionuclides with specific physical properties. Because there are many radionuclides from which to choose, a systematic approach is required to select those preferred for a specific application. Thus far, radionuclides with gamma emissions for imaging and particulate emissions for therapy have been investigated. Radionuclides of iodine were the first to be used for RIT. Many conventionally radioiodinated MAbs are degraded after endocytosis by target cells, releasing radioiodinated peptides and amino acids. In contrast, radiometals have been shown to have residualizing properties, advantageous when the MAb is localized in malignant tissue. P-emitting lanthanides like those of Y-90, lutetium 177, etc. have attractive combinations of biologic, physical, radiochemical, production, economic, and radiation safety characteristics. Other radiometals, such as copper-67 and copper-64, are also of interest. alpha-emitters, including actinium-225 and bismuth-213, have been used for therapy in selected applications. Evidence for the impact of the radionuclide is provided by data from the randomized pivotal phase III trial of Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin(D) in patients with NHL; responses were about 2 times greater in the Y-90 ibritumomab fluxetan arm than in the rituximab arm. It is clear that RIT has emerged as a safe and efficient method for treatment of NHL, especially in specific settings. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Mol Canc Inst, Div Hematol Oncol, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Nucl Phys Enterprises, Wellington, FL USA. RP DeNardo, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Mol Canc Inst, Div Hematol Oncol, 1508 Alhambra Blvd,Room 3100, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. EM gldenardo@ucdavis.edu NR 58 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANCER INFORMATION GROUP, LP PI DALLAS PA 3535 WORTH ST, SAMMONS TOWER, STE 4802, DALLAS, TX 75246 USA SN 1526-9655 J9 CLIN LYMPHOMA JI Clin. Lymphoma PD OCT PY 2004 VL 5 SU 1 BP S5 EP S10 DI 10.3816/CLM.2004.s.002 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 865VE UT WOS:000224731200002 PM 15498149 ER PT J AU Tieszen, SR O'Hern, TJ Weckman, EJ Schefer, RW AF Tieszen, SR O'Hern, TJ Weckman, EJ Schefer, RW TI Experimental study of the effect of fuel mass flux on a 1-m-diameter methane fire and comparison with a hydrogen fire SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE fire; methane; hydrogen; data; PIV AB The effect of fuel mass flux on the flow field of a I-m-diameter methane fire is examined using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and data from visible flame emission and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluorescence. The fuel mass flux is varied from 0.040 to 0.066 kg/m(2)s, which is representative of a significant fraction of the range of fuel mass fluxes that occur in liquid hydrocarbon pool fires. The results show that increasing the fuel mass flux increases the size of the region of unmixed fuel vapor but has little effect on the dynamics in the mixing region within the first diameter above the burner surface. In-plane time-averaged velocities ((U) over bar, (V) over bar) and time-averaged turbulent stresses ((u'(2)) over bar, (v'(2)) over bar, and u (u'v') over bar) are given for a vertical plane passing through the burner centerline. Visible emission data are used to infer the probability of the maximum mixture fraction along a path normal to the PIN plane failing to exceed a stoichiometric value. PAH fluorescence data are used to infer the radial position of maximum time-averaged turbulent reaction rate as a function of elevation. Methane (0.054 kg/m(2) S) and hydrogen (0.022 kg/m(2)s) fires with the same inlet enthalpy flow rate (heat release rate) of 2.1 MW are examined. The comparison of results highlights the effect on the flow field of differences in fuel thermochemistry and density. The hydrogen fire reaches a maximum velocity at a lower elevation than that of the methane fire and has a correspondingly shorter unmixed fuel vapor region and greater lateral (radial) extent of the mixing region for a given elevation. The experiments were conducted with controlled and characterized boundary conditions for the purpose of providing validation data sets relevant to conditions found in fully turbulent pool fires. (C) 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Mech Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tieszen, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM srtiesz@sandia.gov RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2004 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 126 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.08.006 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 865QU UT WOS:000224718400010 ER PT J AU Jefferson, D Rubin, AD Simons, B Wagner, D AF Jefferson, D Rubin, AD Simons, B Wagner, D TI Analyzing Internet voting security SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Informat Secur Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. IBM Res, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. RP Jefferson, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM d_jefferson@yahoo.com; rubin@jhu.edu; simons@acm.org; daw@cs.berkeley.edu NR 6 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD OCT PY 2004 VL 47 IS 10 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1145/1022594.1022624 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 856RU UT WOS:000224063300022 ER PT J AU Roe, JH Hopkins, WA Snodgrass, JW Congdon, JD AF Roe, JH Hopkins, WA Snodgrass, JW Congdon, JD TI The influence of circadian rhythms on pre- and post-prandial metabolism in the snake Lamprophis fuliginosus SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; circadian cycle; digestion; Lamprophis fuliginosus; metabolism; respirometry; specific dynamic action; standard metabolic rate ID RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS-HORRIDUS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BURMESE PYTHONS; WATER SNAKES; MEAL SIZE; THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; DYNAMIC ACTION; GARTER SNAKE; BODY-MASS; TEMPERATURE AB Measuring standard metabolic rate (SMR) and specific dynamic action (SDA) has yielded insight into patterns of energy expenditure in snakes, but less emphasis has been placed on identifying metabolic variation and associated energy cost of circadian rhythms. To estimate SMR, SDA, and identify metabolic variation associated with circadian cycles in nocturnally active African house snakes (Lamprophis fuliginosus), we measured oxygen consumption rates ((V) over dot O-2) at frequent intervals before and during digestion of meals equaling 10%, 20% and 30% of their body mass. Circadian rhythms in metabolism were perceptible in the (V) over dot O-2 data during fasting and after the initial stages of digestion. We estimated SMR of L. fuliginosus (mean mass=16.7+/-0.3 g) to be 0.68+/-0.02 (+/-SEM) mL O-2/h at 25 degreesC. Twenty-four hours after eating, (V) over dot O-2 peaked at 3.2-5.3 times SMR. During digestion of meals equaling 10-30% of their body mass, the volume of oxygen consumed ranged from 109 to 119 mL O-2 for SMR, whereas extra oxygen consumed for digestion and assimilation ranged from 68 to 256 mL O-2 (equivalent to 14.5-17.0% of ingested energy). The oxygen consumed due to the rise in metabolism during the active phase of the daily cycle ranged from 55 to 66 mL O-2 during digestion. Peak (V) over dot O-2, digestive scope, and SDA increased with increasing meal size. Comparisons of our estimates to estimates derived from methods used in previous investigations resulted in wide variance of metabolic variables (up to 39%), likely due to the influence of circadian rhythms and activity on the selection of baseline metabolism. We suggest frequent (V) over dot O-2 measurements over multiple days, coupled with mathematical methods that reduce the influence of undesired sources of (V) over dot O-2, variation (e.g., activity, circadian cycles) are needed to reliably assess SMR and SDA in animals exhibiting strong circadian cycles. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Canberra, Appl Ecol Res Grp, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Towson Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Towson, MD USA. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM hopkins@srel.edu RI Snodgrass, Joel/C-5288-2016 NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 139 IS 2 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.08.005 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 872CB UT WOS:000225182400005 PM 15528164 ER PT J AU Goretta, KC Cruse, TA Singh, D Routbort, JL de Arellano-Lopez, AR Orlova, TS Smirnov, BI AF Goretta, KC Cruse, TA Singh, D Routbort, JL de Arellano-Lopez, AR Orlova, TS Smirnov, BI TI Ceramic fibrous monolithic structures SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Composite Structures (ICCS 12) CY NOV 17-19, 2003 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP USAF Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USN Off Naval Res Int Field Off, CRC Adv Composite Struct, Australian Composite Struct Soc DE ceramics; composites; fibrous monoliths ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; NITRIDE; FRACTURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; FABRICATION; TEMPERATURE; SI3N4/BN; INELASTICITY; ELASTICITY AB High-strength ceramic fibers and composite structures that contain them are generally expensive. In a lower-cost approach for fabricating fibrous composites, reinforcing fiber-like cells that are distinct from a continuous matrix phase called the cell boundary can be formed in situ from powders. Structures can be constructed by assembly and consolidation of filaments that consist of the cell phase and its surrounding cell boundary. Fabrication of ceramic fibrous monoliths (FMs) is reviewed and mechanical properties of the most widely studied FMs are discussed. Those based on Si3N4 cells within a BN cell boundary have achieved the best overall properties and uniformity of manufacture, but degrade severely at high temperatures in oxidizing environments. Those based on oxides are more stable, but are substantially weaker. Assessment of the future of FMs is offered, including cost reduction, fabrication practice, property improvement, and formation of complex structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Seville, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-41080 Seville, Spain. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM goretta@anl.gov; cruse@cmt.anl.gov; dsingh@anl.gov; routbort@anl.gov; aral@us.es; orlova.t@mail.ioffe.ru; smir.bi@mail.ioffe.ru RI Orlova, Tatiana/E-5877-2014; OI R. de Arellano Lopez, Antonio/0000-0002-7443-0244 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD OCT-DEC PY 2004 VL 66 IS 1-4 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.05.002 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 853UQ UT WOS:000223854800062 ER PT J AU Bochev, P Gunzburger, MD AF Bochev, P Gunzburger, MD TI Least-squares finite-element methods for optimization and control problems for the Stokes equations SO COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE optimal control; optimization; least-squares; finite elements ID ELLIPTIC-SYSTEMS AB The approximate solution of optimization and control problems for systems governed by the Stokes equations is considered. Modern computational techniques for such problems are predominantly based on the application of the Lagrange multiplier rule, while penalty formulations, even though widely used in other settings, have not enjoyed the same level of popularity for this class of problems. A discussion is provided that explains why naively defined penalty methods may not be practical. Then, practical penalty methods are defined using methodologies associated with modern least-squares finite-element methods. The advantages, with respect to efficiency, of penalty/least-squares methods for optimal control problems compared to methods based on Lagrange multipliers are highlighted. A tracking problem for the Stokes system is used for illustrative purposes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Florida State Univ, Sch Comp Sci & Informat Technol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bochev, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; gunzburg@csit.fsu.edu NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0898-1221 J9 COMPUT MATH APPL JI Comput. Math. Appl. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 1035 EP 1057 DI 10.1016/j.camwa.2004.10.004 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 878SX UT WOS:000225668200004 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX AF Massoudi, M Phuoc, TX TI Flow of a generalized second grade non-Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity SO CONTINUUM MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE generalized second grade fluids; shear-thinning or shear-thickening non-Newtonian fluids; pipe flow; temperature dependent viscosity ID COAL-WATER MIXTURES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY; NATURAL-CONVECTION FLOW; FULLY-DEVELOPED FLOW; 3RD GRADE FLUID; 2ND GRADE; VISCOUS DISSIPATION; NONLINEAR STABILITY; PARALLEL PLATES; 3RD-GRADE FLUID AB A modified constitutive equation for a second grade fluid is proposed so that the model would be suitable for studies where shear-thinning (or shear-thickening) may occur. In addition, the dependence of viscosity on the temperature follows the Reynolds equation. In this paper, we propose a constitutive relation, (18), which has the basic structure of a second grade fluid, where the viscosity is now a function of temperature, shear rate, and concentration. As a special case, we solve the fully developed flow of a non-Newtonian fluid given by (11), where the effects of concentration are neglected. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 54 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0935-1175 J9 CONTINUUM MECH THERM JI Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 6 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s00161-004-0178-0 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 864DF UT WOS:000224612800002 ER PT J AU Chen, QS Wegrzyn, J Prasad, V AF Chen, QS Wegrzyn, J Prasad, V TI Analysis of temperature and pressure changes in liquefied natural gas (LNG) cryogenic tanks SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE liquefied natural gas; transportation fuels; cryogenics; thermodynamics; heat transfer AB Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is being developed as a transportation fuel for heavy vehicles such as trucks and transit buses, to lessen the dependency on oil and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The LNG stations are properly designed to prevent the venting of natural gas (NG) from LNG tanks, which can cause evaporative greenhouse gas emissions and result in fluctuations Of fuel flow and changes of fuel composition. Boil-off is caused by the heat added into the LNG fuel during the storage and fueling. Heat can leak into the LNG fuel through the shell of tank during the storage and through hoses and dispensers during the fueling. Gas from tanks onboard vehicles, when returned to LNG tanks, can add additional heat into the LNG fuel. A thermodynamic and heat transfer model has been developed to analyze different mechanisms of heat leak into the LNG fuel. The evolving of properties and compositions of LNG fuel inside LNG tanks is simulated. The effect of a number of buses fueled each day on the possible total fuel loss rate has been analyzed. It is found that by increasing the number of buses, fueled each day, the total fuel loss rate can be reduced significantly. It is proposed that an electric generator be used to consume the boil-off gas or a liquefier be used to re-liquefy the boil-off gas to reduce the tank pressure and eliminate fuel losses. These approaches can prevent boil-off of natural gas emissions, and reduce the costs of LNG as transportation fuel. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mech, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wegrzyn, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jwegrzyn@bnl.gov NR 13 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 10 BP 701 EP 709 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2004.03.020 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 839LZ UT WOS:000222787900004 ER PT J AU Mott, JD Werb, Z AF Mott, JD Werb, Z TI Regulation of matrix biology by matrix metalloproteinases SO CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EPITHELIAL-CELL MIGRATION; TGF-BETA ACTIVATION; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; COLLAGEN TYPE-IV; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TUMOR-GROWTH; NONCOLLAGENOUS DOMAINS; FACTOR VEGF; ANGIOGENESIS; LAMININ-5 AB Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that contribute to growth, development and wound healing as well as to pathologies such as arthritis and cancer. Until recently, it has been thought that MMPs participate in these processes simply by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. However, it is now clear that MMP activity is much more directed and causes the release of cryptic information from the ECM. By precisely cleaving large insoluble ECM components and ECM-associated molecules, MMPs liberate bioactive fragments and growth factors and change ECM architecture, all of which influence cellular behavior. Thus, MMPs have become a focal point for understanding matrix biology. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Mott, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JDMott@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA88858, R01 CA088858, R01 CA088858-03]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR046238-08, AR46238, R01 AR046238]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE13058, P60 DE013058] NR 55 TC 611 Z9 630 U1 1 U2 39 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0955-0674 J9 CURR OPIN CELL BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 16 IS 5 BP 558 EP 564 DI 10.1016/j.ceb.2004.07.010 PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 858OP UT WOS:000224201900014 PM 15363807 ER PT J AU Duncan, I Celniker, SE AF Duncan, I Celniker, SE TI In memoriam: Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004) SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Duncan, I (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1534-5807 J9 DEV CELL JI Dev. Cell PD OCT PY 2004 VL 7 IS 4 BP 487 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.09.005 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 864ZG UT WOS:000224671300007 PM 15469837 ER PT J AU Collins, B McArthur, JV Sharitz, RR AF Collins, B McArthur, JV Sharitz, RR TI Plant effects on microbial assemblages and remediation of acidic coal pile runoff in mesocosm treatment wetlands SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE coal pile runoff basin; constructed treatment wetlands; acidic drainage ID MINE DRAINAGE; CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; METAL ACCUMULATION; REMOVAL AB Constructed treatment mesocosm wetland systems comprised of an anaerobic wetland followed by two aerobic wetlands and differing in aerobic wetland composition (real plants, plastic plants, no plants) and order (shallow aerobic wetland followed by deep aerobic wetland or vice versa) were compared to determine if composition or order affect remediation of acidic, metal contaminated water associated with a coal-fired power plant. Aerobic cell composition was varied to determine if native plants have no function, are only structure for bacteria, or improve water quality. The anaerobic cells increased pH from 2.4 to 6.4 and reduced Al, Fe. and Zn by 93-99%. Order of the aerobic cells did not affect water quality. Cells with real versus plastic plants had different bacterial assemblages, but these were not clearly related to water quality differences between the tank types. Cells with real plants had lower pH and NH4 and higher Fe and Mn, especially during the growing season, than those with plastic plants or without plants. We conclude that plants do affect water quality, in part because they affect bacterial assemblages. Planted aerobic wetlands can help remediate acidic, metal-contaminated water, but may contribute to lower pH and greater Fe and Mn concentrations in treatment effluent. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Collins, B (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM collins@srel.edu NR 26 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.07.005 PG 9 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 873ES UT WOS:000225263100005 ER PT J AU Son, JT AF Son, JT TI Novel electrode material for Li ion battery based on polycrystalline LiNbO3 SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE LiNbO3; new anode; Ag coating; irreversible capacity loss ID THIN-FILM LITHIUM; ANODE MATERIAL; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; SILVER; OXIDE AB In this paper, a contribution to the search of new electrode materials for lithium batteries is reported. The polycrystalline LiNbO3 is proposed as a new anode active material for the Li ion battery. This oxide may be used as anode material due to the voltage is very low (average voltage <0.5V). For the first discharge, a capacity of 420 mAh/g was obtained at a current density of 150 mA/g, whereas a capacity of 620 mAh/g was obtained at a current density of 150 mA/g by 3 wt% nano sized coating of Ag. And irreversible capacity is decrease at the coated sample. The result illustrated that low electronic conductivity is one of the origin of irreversible capacity loss at this material. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Dong Ah Elect Technol Corp, Li Battery Res Ctr, Hwasung Si, Gyonggi Do, South Korea. RP Son, JT (reprint author), LBNL, Adv Energy Technol Div, MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jtson@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 6 IS 10 BP 990 EP 994 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.07.007 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 858ZQ UT WOS:000224231800005 ER PT J AU May, CD Vaughey, JT AF May, CD Vaughey, JT TI New cathode materials for silver-based primary batteries: AgCuO2 and Ag2Cu2O3 SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium; primary battery; silver copper oxide; medical battery ID IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATORS; VANADIUM-OXIDE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LITHIUM; REACTIVITY; CUO AB Two new silver copper oxides, Ag2Cu2O3 and AgCuO2, were studied and evaluated as primary lithium batteries. Ag2Cu2O3 was found to have a capacity of 358 mAh/g (or 2513 mAh/cc) with an average voltage of 2.0 V, while AgCuO2 had a capacity of 310 mAh/g (or 2214 mAh/cc) with an average voltage of 2.3 V. Material performance was found to vary depending on how the material was discharged due to slow silver migration out of the electrode after reduction by lithium. Differences in the discharge characteristics of AgCuO2 and Ag2Cu2O3 were found to be caused by the relative stability of the Cu(III) cation versus the Ag(I) cation and Cu(II). This was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, which showed copper (III) reduction occurred before silver reduction. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vaughey, JT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 205, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vaughey@cmt.anl.gov OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1075 EP 1079 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.08.009 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 858ZQ UT WOS:000224231800022 ER PT J AU Johnson, CS Kim, JS Lefief, C Li, N Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM AF Johnson, CS Kim, JS Lefief, C Li, N Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM TI The significance of the Li2MnO3 component in 'composite' xLi(2)MnO(3) center dot (1-x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 electrodes SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium battery; layered electrode; composite structure; Li2MnO3 ID LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CATHODE MATERIAL; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; LAYERED LIMNO2; BATTERIES; CELLS; CAPACITY; PHASE AB The electrochemical behavior of 0.3Li(2)MnO(3) . 0.7LiMn(0.5)Ni(0.5)O(2) 'composite' electrodes, when charged to potentials greater than or equal to4.5 V in lithium cells, has been compared with the behavior of electrodes that were preconditioned by acid treatment. When charged to 5 V, all the lithium can be extracted from 0.3Li(2)MnO(3) . 0.7LiMn(0.5)Ni(0.5)O(2) in two distinct steps to yield a Mn0.65Ni0.35O2 product, the first step corresponding predominantly to lithium extraction from the electrode structure with the concomitant oxidation of Ni2+ to Ni4+, and the second to the electrochemical removal of Li2O from the structure. The electrode delivers a rechargeable capacity >250 mAh/g when cycled between 5.0 and 2.0 V vs. Li-0; the high capacity and cycling stability are attributed to the high manganese (IV) content in the electrode over this voltage range. Acid-treatment significantly reduces the coulombic inefficiency of the initial charge/discharge cycle of the cells. The electrochemical behavior of 0.3Li(2)MnO(3) . 0.7LiMn(0.5)Ni(0.5)O(2) is compared with that of standard Li2MnO3 electrodes. The advantage of using the two-component notation xLi(2)MnO(3) . (1 - x)LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 instead of the equivalent layered notation Li[Lix/(2 + x)Mn(1 + x)/(2 + x)Ni(1 - x)/(2 + x)]O-2 to monitor the compositional changes that occur in the electrode during electrochemical charge and discharge is highlighted. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thackeray@cmt.anl.gov NR 32 TC 402 Z9 426 U1 21 U2 203 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.08.002 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 858ZQ UT WOS:000224231800024 ER PT J AU Ma, M Donepudi, VS Sandi, G Sun, YK Prakash, J AF Ma, M Donepudi, VS Sandi, G Sun, YK Prakash, J TI Electrodeposition of nano-structured nickel-21% tungsten alloy and evaluation of oxygen reduction reaction in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE electrodeposition; nanostructured; oxygen reduction; atomic force microscopy; Tafel plot AB The nano-structured nickel-21 at.% tungsten alloys were electrodeposited onto the copper substrates from unstirred sulfate-citratechloride-bromide-sodium tungstate electrolyte at 60degreesC. The maximum particle sizes of the deposits, as estimated from the atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively were 125, 75, and 100 rim. The Tafel plot for oxygen reduction reaction in oxygenated unstirred 1% sodium hydroxide solution showed a Tafel slope of 130 mV/decade. There were minor variations in the limiting current density with a change in the particle size. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Prakash, J (reprint author), IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, 10 W 33rd St, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM prakash@iit.edu NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 49 IS 25 BP 4411 EP 4416 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.04.037 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 843UY UT WOS:000223113300019 ER PT J AU Gaines, KF Porter, DE Dyer, SA Wein, GR Pinder, JE Brisbin, IL AF Gaines, KF Porter, DE Dyer, SA Wein, GR Pinder, JE Brisbin, IL TI Using wildlife as receptor species: A landscape approach to ecological risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; endpoint; exposure; GIS; receptor species; spatially explicit models; wildlife ID REGIONAL SCALE; WOOD DUCKS; FERAL HOGS; FOOD; RACCOONS; HABITAT; WATERBIRDS; MOUNTAINS; SELECTION; FIELD AB To assist risk assessors at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS), a Geographic Information System (GIS) application was developed to provide relevant information about specific receptor species of resident wildlife that can be used for ecological risk assessment. Information was obtained from an extensive literature review of publications and reports on vertebrate- and contaminant-related research since 1954 and linked to a GIS. Although this GIS is a useful tool for risk assessors because the data quality is high, it does not describe the species' site-wide spatial distribution or life history, which may be crucial when developing a risk assessment. Specific receptor species on the SRS were modeled to provide an estimate of an overall distribution (probability of being in an area). Each model is a stand-alone tool consisting of algorithms independent of the GIS data layers to which it is applied and therefore is dynamic and will respond to changes such as habitat disturbances and natural succession. This paper describes this modeling process and demonstrates how these resource selection models can then be used to produce spatially explicit exposure estimates. This approach is a template for other large federal facilities to establish a framework for site-specific risk assessments that use wildlife species as endpoints. C1 Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Gaines, KF (reprint author), Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. EM kfgaines@usd.edu NR 76 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4 BP 528 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-0261-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880WR UT WOS:000225821200008 PM 15747408 ER PT J AU Bao, HM Gu, BH AF Bao, HM Gu, BH TI Natural perchlorate has a unique oxygen isotope signature SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE DEPOSITS; WATER-VAPOR; CHLORINE; FRACTIONATION; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; FERTILIZERS; CHEMISTRY; AEROSOLS; EXCHANGE AB Perchlorate is known to be a minor component of the hyperarid Atacama Desert salts, and its origin has long been a subject of speculation. Here we report the first measurement of the triple-oxygen isotope ratios (O-18/O-16 and O-17/O-16) for both man-made perchlorate from commercial sources and natural perchlorate extracted from Atacama soils. We found that the 6180 values (i.e., normalized O-18/ 160 ratios) of man-made perchlorate were at -18.4 1 1.2%., whereas natural perchlorate has a variable delta(18)O value, ranging from -4.5%, to -24.8%o. The delta(18)O and delta(17)O values followed the bulk Earth's oxygen isotope fractionation line for man-made perchlorate, but all Atacama perchlorates deviated from this line, with a distinctly large and positive O-17 anomaly ranging from +4.2%o to +9.6%o. These findings provide a tool for the identification and forensics of perchlorate contamination in the environment. Additionally, they confirm an early speculation that the oxidation of volatile chlorine by O-3 and the formation of HClO4 can be a sink (albeit a minor one) for atmospheric chlorine. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bao, HM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, E235 Howe Russell Geosci Complex, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bao@lsu.edu RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Bao, Huiming/C-1069-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; NR 40 TC 88 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5073 EP 5077 DI 10.1021/es049516z PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100031 PM 15506201 ER PT J AU Rihs, S Sturchio, NC Orlandini, K Cheng, LW Teng, H Fenter, P Bedzyk, MJ AF Rihs, S Sturchio, NC Orlandini, K Cheng, LW Teng, H Fenter, P Bedzyk, MJ TI Interaction of uranyl with calite in the presence of EDTA SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY STANDING-WAVE; CALCITE-WATER INTERFACE; OBSERVED IN-SITU; URANIUM(VI) SORPTION; SURFACE PRECIPITATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; ADSORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; COMPLEXES; DISSOLUTION AB Adsorption of uranyl at the surface of calcite was investigated by using batch sorption experiments and synchrotron X-ray standing wave (XSW) measurements. Aqueous solutions containing U-236(VI) (4.5 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-4) M) and EDTA (5.0 x 10(-7) to 1.1 x 10(-4) M) were reacted for 90 s to 60 min with freshly cleaved calcite (104) surfaces and calcite powders. Surface exchange coefficients, sorption kinetics, and influence of powder surface area/solution volume (SA/V) ratio were investigated by a-counting of 236U. Powder sorption results at SA/V = 870 cm(2)/mL fit a Freundlich isotherm [log [U](surface) (in monolayers) = log K + n log [U](aq) (in moles/L], where K = 1.9 +/- 0.5 and n = 0.9 +/- 0.1, consistent with uptake of U(VI) by a specific surface reaction where the availability of sorption sites is nonlimiting in the U concentration range measured. Measured U(VI) coverages along this isotherm, based on the calcite (104) surface Ca site density, ranged from 0.04% to 5.4% of a monolayer. Steady state surface coverages were obtained within 90 s. Sorption of U(VI) on calcite (104) single-crystal cleavage surfaces using identical solutions yielded higher coverages, because of increased stop density induced by dissolution at the relatively low SA/V ratio (similar to1) of these measurements. The crystallographic location of the sorbed U(VI) was examined with the synchrotron XSW technique. Measurements were performed at the Advanced Photon Source on fresh calcite (104) cleavage surfaces reacted for 90 s with U(VI) solutions. Coherent fractions for sorbed U ranged from 0.14 to 0.62, and the mean value of the U coherent position was 0.84 +/- 0.02. This position was independent of dissolved U(VI) concentration and corresponds to a distance between the U atom and the calcite (104) plane of 2.55 +/- 0.06 Angstrom. These results are consistent with U(VI) adsorption at the calcite surface as an inner-sphere uranyl-carbonate surface complex bonded with the outer oxygen atom(s) of a single surface carbonate group. Steric considerations allow this observed U(VI) surface complex to occur both at step sites (<441>_ and <481>_) and on terrace areas adjacent to Ca vacancies. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Sturchio@uic.edu RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 73 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5078 EP 5086 DI 10.1021/es049847b PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100032 PM 15506202 ER PT J AU Lowry, GV Shaw, S Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE AF Lowry, GV Shaw, S Kim, CS Rytuba, JJ Brown, GE TI Macroscopic and microscopic observations of particle-facilitated mercury transport from new idria and sulphur bank mercury mine tailings SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN AQUIFER; NATURAL POROUS-MEDIA; CLARK FORK RIVER; COLLOID MOBILIZATION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; METHYL MERCURY; IONIC-STRENGTH; CLEAR LAKE; CALIFORNIA; SPECIATION AB Mercury (Hg) release from inoperative Hg mines in the California Coast Range has been documented, but little is known about the release and transport mechanisms. In this study, tailings from Hg mines located in different geologic settings-New Idria (NI), a Si-carbonate Hg deposit, and Sulphur Bank (SB), a hot-spring Hg deposit-were characterized, and particle release from these wastes was studied in column experiments to (1) investigate the mechanisms of Hg release from NI and SB mine wastes, (2) determine the speciation of particle-bound Hg released from the mine wastes, and (3) determine the effect of calcinations on Hg release processes. The physical and chemical properties of tailings and the colloids released from them were determined using chemical analyses, selective chemical extractions, XRD, SEM, TEM, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. The total Hg concentration in tailings increased with decreasing particle size in NI and SB calcines (roasted ore), but reached a maximum at an intermediate particle size in the SB waste rock (unroasted ore). Hg in the tailings exists predominantly as low-solubility HgS (cinnabar and metacinnabar), with NI calcines having >50% HgS, SB calcines having >89% HgS, and SB waste rock having similar to100% HgS. Leaching experiments with a high-ionic-strength solution (0.1 M NaCl) resulted in a rapid but brief release of soluble and particulate Hg. Lowering the ionic strength of the leach solution (0.005 M NaCl) resulted in the release of colloidal Hg from two of the three mine wastes studied (NI calcines and SB waste rock). Colloid-associated Hg accounts for as much as 95% of the Hg released during episodic particle release. Colloids generated from the NI calcines are produced by a breakup and release mechanism and consist of hematite, jarosite/alunite, and Al-Si gel with particle sizes of 10-200 nm. ATEM and XAFS analyses indicate that the majority (similar to78%) of the mercury is present in the form of HgS. SB calcines also produced HgS colloids. The colloids generated from the SB waste rock were heterogeneous and varied in composition according to the column influent composition. ATEM and XAFS results indicate that Hg is entirely in the HgS form. Data from this study identify colloidal HgS as the dominant transported form of Hg from these mine waste materials. C1 Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Shaw, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Sarn.Shaw@earth.ox.ac.uk RI Shaw, Sam/D-6869-2011; Shaw, Sam/A-3528-2017 OI Shaw, Sam/0000-0002-6353-5454 NR 52 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5101 EP 5111 DI 10.1021/es034636c PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100035 PM 15506205 ER PT J AU Duff, MC Hunter, DB Hobbs, DT Fink, SD Dai, Z Bradley, JP AF Duff, MC Hunter, DB Hobbs, DT Fink, SD Dai, Z Bradley, JP TI Mechanisms of strontium and uranium removal from high-level radioactive waste simulant solutions by the sorbent monosodium titanate SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NEPTUNIUM(V) SORPTION; MONTMORILLONITE; COMPLEXES; SURFACES; OXIDE; COORDINATION; SPECIATION AB High-level waste (HLW) is a waste associated with the dissolution of spent nuclear fuel for the recovery of weapons-grade material. It is the priority problem for the U.S. Department of Energy's Environmental Management Program. Current HLW treatment processes at the Savannah River Site (Aiken, SC) include the use of monosodium titanate (MST, with a similar stoichiometry to NaTi(2)O(5)(.)xH(2)O) to concentrate strontium (Sr) and actinides. The high affinity of MST for Sr and actinides in HLW solutions rich in Na+ is poorly understood. Mechanistic information about the nature of radionuclide uptake will provide insight about MST treatment reliability. Our study characterized the morphology of MST and the chemistry of sorbed Sr2+ and uranium [U(VI)] as uranyl ion, UO2+, on MST, which were added (individually) from stock solutions of Sr and U-238(VI) with spectroscopic and transmission electron microscopic techniques. The local structure of sorbed U varied with loading, but the local structure of Sr did not vary with loading. Sorbed Sr exhibited specific adsorption as partially hydrated species whereas sorbed U exhibited specific adsorption as monomeric and dimeric U(VI)-carbonate complexes. Sorption proved site specific. These differences in site specificity and sorption mechanism may account for the difficulties associated with predicting Sr and U loading and removal kinetics using MST. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. MVA Inc, Norcross, GA 30093 USA. RP Duff, MC (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM martine.duff@srs.gov RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010 NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 19 BP 5201 EP 5207 DI 10.1021/es035415+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859AL UT WOS:000224234100048 PM 15506218 ER PT J AU MacLeod, M McKone, TE AF MacLeod, M McKone, TE TI Multimedia persistence as an indicator of potential for population-level intake of environmental contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE persistence; intake fraction; characteristic time/intake; exposure model; fugacity ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; TOXICITY POTENTIALS; SPATIAL RANGE; EXPOSURE; TIME; FATE AB Although intuitively it is apparent that population-level exposure to contaminants dispersed in the environment must be related to the persistence of the contaminant, there has been little effort to quantify this link formally. In this paper we investigate the relationship between overall persistence and/or overall residence time in a multimedia exposure environment and the population-level intake of contaminants as expressed by intake fraction (iF), the cumulative fraction of chemical emitted to the environment that is taken up by members of the population. We demonstrate that for any given contaminant and emission scenario the definition of iF implies that it is directly proportional to the overall multimedia persistence (P-OV), or the overall multimedia residence time (T-OV). The proportionality constant has dimensions of time and represents the characteristic time for population intake (CTI) of the chemical from the environment. We then apply the CalTOX fate and exposure model to explore how T-OV and CTI combine to determine the magnitude of iF. We find that CTI has a narrow range of possible values relative to T-OV across multiple chemicals and emissions scenarios. We use data from the Canadian Environmental Protection Act Priority Substance List (PSL1) Assessments and multimedia P-OV to show that exposure assessments based on empirical observation are consistent with interpretations from the model. Results indicate that P-OV derived from screening-level assessments of persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxicity (PBT) is a useful indicator of the potential for population-level exposure. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP MacLeod, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90R-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmacleod@lbl.gov RI MacLeod, Matthew/D-5919-2013 OI MacLeod, Matthew/0000-0003-2562-7339 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50CCUT922409-01] NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2465 EP 2472 DI 10.1897/03-390 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 854XV UT WOS:000223938100019 PM 15511107 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZD Shrager, J Jain, M Chang, CW Vallon, O Grossman, AR AF Zhang, ZD Shrager, J Jain, M Chang, CW Vallon, O Grossman, AR TI Insights into the survival of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during sulfur starvation based on microarray analysis of gene expression SO EUKARYOTIC CELL LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; HEAVY-METAL DETOXIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SULFATE TRANSPORT; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; PERIPLASMIC ARYLSULFATASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HIGHER-PLANTS; CELL-CYCLE AB Responses of photosynthetic organisms to sulfur starvation include (i) increasing the capacity of the cell for transporting and/or assimilating exogenous sulfate, (ii) restructuring cellular features to conserve sulfur resources, and (iii) modulating metabolic processes and rates of cell growth and division. We used microarray analyses to obtain a genome-level view of changes in mRNA abundances in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during sulfur starvation. The work confirms and extends upon previous findings showing that sulfur deprivation elicits changes in levels of transcripts for proteins that help scavenge sulfate and economize on the use of sulfur resources. Changes in levels of transcripts encoding members of the light-harvesting polypeptide family, such as LhcSR2, suggest restructuring of the photosynthetic apparatus during sulfur deprivation. There are also significant changes in levels of transcripts encoding enzymes involved in metabolic processes (e.g., carbon metabolism), intracellular proteolysis, and the amelioration of oxidative damage; a marked and sustained increase in mRNAs for a putative vanadium chloroperoxidase and a peroxiredoxin may help prolong survival of C. reinhardtii during sulfur deprivation. Furthermore, many of the sulfur stress-regulated transcripts (encoding polypeptides associated with sulfate uptake and assimilation, oxidative stress, and photosynthetic function) are not properly regulated in the sac1 mutant of C. reinhardtii, a strain that dies much more rapidly than parental cells during sulfur deprivation. Interestingly, sulfur stress elicits dramatic changes in levels of transcripts encoding putative chloroplast-localized chaperones in the sac1 mutant but not in the parental strain. These results suggest various strategies used by photosynthetic organisms during acclimation to nutrient-limited growth. C1 Carnegie Inst, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Inst Biol Phys Chim, Paris, France. RP Grossman, AR (reprint author), Carnegie Inst, Dept Plant Biol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM arthurg@stanford.edu NR 63 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1535-9778 J9 EUKARYOT CELL JI Eukaryot. Cell PD OCT PY 2004 VL 3 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1348 DI 10.1128/EC.3.5.1331-1348.2004 PG 18 WC Microbiology; Mycology SC Microbiology; Mycology GA 867DL UT WOS:000224822300027 PM 15470261 ER PT J AU Goldman, J Andrews, S Bray, D AF Goldman, J Andrews, S Bray, D TI Size and composition of membrane protein clusters predicted by Monte Carlo analysis SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aggregation; composition; lattice gas; microdomains; phase change ID BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; ORGANIZATION; COMPLEX; DIFFUSION; HOLINS; CELL AB Biological membranes contain a high density of protein molecules, many of which associate into two-dimensional microdomains with important physiological functions. We have used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the self-association of idealized protein species in two dimensions. The proteins have defined bond strengths and bond angles, allowing us to estimate the size and composition of the aggregates they produce at equilibrium. With a single species of protein, the extent of cluster formation and the sizes of individual clusters both increase in non-linear fashion, showing a "phase change" with protein concentration and bond strength. With multiple co-aggregating proteins, we find that the extent of cluster formation also depends on the relative proportions of participating species. For some lattice geometries, a stoichiometric excess of particular species depresses cluster formation and moreover distorts the composition of clusters that do form. Our results suggest that the self-assembly of microdomains might require a critical level of subunits and that for optimal co-aggregation, proteins should be present in the membrane in the correct stoichiometric ratios. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. Univ Kent, Comp Lab, Canterbury CT2 7NF, Kent, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Fresno, CA 93720 USA. RP Bray, D (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM db10009@cam.ac.uk FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM64713] NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7571 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 33 IS 6 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s00249-004-0391-6 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 865WC UT WOS:000224733900005 PM 14997356 ER PT J AU Kondev, FG Dracoulis, GD Lane, GJ Ahmad, I Byrne, AP Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Freeman, SJ Hammond, NJ Janssens, RVF Kibedi, T Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Mukherjee, G Seweryniak, D Tandel, SK AF Kondev, FG Dracoulis, GD Lane, GJ Ahmad, I Byrne, AP Carpenter, MP Chowdhury, P Freeman, SJ Hammond, NJ Janssens, RVF Kibedi, T Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Mukherjee, G Seweryniak, D Tandel, SK TI K-mixing and fast decay of a seven-quasiparticle isomer in Ta-179 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; ROTATIONAL BANDS; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; INTRINSIC STATES; YRAST STATES; HIGH-SPIN; NUCLEI; REGION AB A seven-quasiparticle isomer with K-pi = (49/2(+)) and T-1/2 = 53((+3)(-7)) ns has been identified in Ta-179. By comparing its excitation energy with results from multi-quasiparticle calculations that include the effects of blocking and residual nucleon-nucleon interactions, the isomer is assigned the pi(3)(5/2(+)[402], 7/2(+)[404], 9/2(-)[514]) x nu(4)(5/2(-)[512], 7/2(-) ]514], 7/2(-)[503], 9/2(+)[624]) configuration. The decay of this isomer is found to be unusually fast, a feature that is attributed to a mixing with a specific collective level. The interaction strength is found to be orders of magnitude lower thana that observed between interacting collective levels. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Australian Natl Univ, The Faculties, Dept Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kondev@anl.gov RI Dracoulis, George/A-8123-2008; Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Kibedi, Tibor/E-8282-2010; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Kibedi, Tibor/0000-0002-9205-7500; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Tandel, Sujit/0000-0003-4784-3139; Hammond, Neil/0000-0001-6390-8874; Byrne, Aidan/0000-0002-7096-6455 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD OCT PY 2004 VL 22 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1140/epja/i2004-10025-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 869RB UT WOS:000225000600006 ER PT J AU Wiederrecht, GP AF Wiederrecht, GP TI Near-field optical imaging of noble metal nanoparticles SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY-TRANSPORT; LOCALIZED SURFACE-PLASMONS; SILVER ELECTRODE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; NANOMETER-SCALE; LUSTER POTTERY; WAVE-GUIDES; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES AB A review of the subject of near-field optical imaging of metal nanoparticles is presented. The emphasis of the review is on experimental achievements in optical imaging of single metal nanoparticles and nanostructured arrays with metal nanoparticle building blocks. The importance of the measurements as they relate to nano-optical applications and scientific understanding of optical near-fields is highlighted. Advancements in scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) that have enabled near-field images of these structures are also featured, as are theoretical contributions for interpreting SNOM images. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM wiederrecht@anl.gov NR 106 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 21 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1286-0042 EI 1286-0050 J9 EUR PHYS J-APPL PHYS JI Eur. Phys. J.-Appl. Phys PD OCT PY 2004 VL 28 IS 1 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1051/epjap:2004170 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 866WU UT WOS:000224804900001 ER PT J AU Lal, J Hakem, IF AF Lal, J Hakem, IF TI Unusual behaviour of poly(ethylene-oxide) in aqueous mixtures SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID ACETONITRILE-WATER MIXTURES; PERCOLATION; OXIDE); SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; SOLVENTS; MODEL; CHAIN; RANGE; PEO AB The model system of poly(ethylene-oxide) or PEO, where the changing hydrogen-bond connectivity of the water has large effect on the conformation of the polymer chain, in mixtures of water and acetonitrile, is experimentally studied. The results show the existence of a threshold water content in the system at which the 3d connectivity of the water network begins. Unusual expansion of the polymer chain, an effect larger than that observed in either of the pure solvents, is seen. Upon addition of small amounts of a monovalent salt, binding of ion to polymer takes place in pure acetonitrile solutions. Salt ions begin to co-ordinate with water molecules at the same solvent ratio as the threshold for water network formation. Ions now no longer complex to PEO; instead, hydrogen bonding of water to the polymer strongly dictates conformation in this regime. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tlemcen Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tilimsen 13000, Algeria. RP Lal, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jlal@anl.gov RI Hakem, Ilhem F. /C-8374-2014 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD OCT PY 2004 VL 15 IS 2 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1140/epje/i2004-10050-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 870JX UT WOS:000225054500012 PM 15549599 ER PT J AU Kalosakas, G Rasmussen, KO Bishop, AR Choi, CH Usheva, A AF Kalosakas, G Rasmussen, KO Bishop, AR Choi, CH Usheva, A TI Sequence-specific thermal fluctuations identify start sites for DNA transcription SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENATURATION; TRANSITION; INITIATION; MODEL; EXCITATIONS; BEHAVIOR; BUBBLES; PROTEIN; LENGTH; STATE AB We report successful comparisons between model predictions for intrinsic thermal openings and experimental transcription data, showing that large and slow thermally induced openings (bubbles) of double-stranded DNA coincide with the location of start sites for transcription. Investigating viral and bacteriophage DNA gene promoter segments, we find that the largest opening occurs at the transcription start site in all cases studied. Other probable large openings predicted in our model appear to be related to other regulatory sites. The coherent dynamics is determined by a combination of sequence specificity (disorder), nonlinearity, and entropy, controlled by the long-range consequences of local base-pair stacking constraints. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Kalosakas, G (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Nothbitzer Str 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Kalosakas, George/L-6211-2013 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; Kalosakas, George/0000-0001-7763-718X NR 27 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 1 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10167-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 869MZ UT WOS:000224990000020 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO TI Dynamic regimes and spontaneous symmetry breaking for driven colloids on triangular substrates SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; SLIDING FRICTION; VORTEX LATTICES; REGULAR ARRAYS; DEFECTS AB For collectively interacting repulsive colloids driven on triangular substrates, we show that a number of distinct dynamical regimes arise as a function of the drive strength. Additionally, we show that for certain directions of drive a spontaneous-symmetry-breaking phenomenon occurs where all the colloids can flow in one of two directions that are not aligned with the external drive. Along these directions, the flow is highly ordered, in contrast to the disordered flow that occurs when the colloids move in the direction of the drive. We also find unusual hysteretic properties that arise due to the symmetry-breaking properties of the flows. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 68 IS 2 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1209/epl/i2004-10182-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 870KT UT WOS:000225056700021 ER PT J AU Prime, MB AF Prime, MB TI Erratum to "Laser surface-contouring and spline data-smoothing for residual stress measurement" (vol 44, pg 176, 2004) SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Correction C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prime@lanl.gov OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 44 IS 5 BP 541 EP 541 DI 10.1177/0014485104047609 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 860YI UT WOS:000224380200012 ER PT J AU Ahram, M Springer, DL AF Ahram, M Springer, DL TI Large-scale proteomic analysis of membrane proteins SO EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE 2D-PAGE; bioinformatics; detergents; mass spectrometry; membrane proteins; prediction; sample preparation; SDS-PAGE; TMHMM; transmenbrane domain ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; TRANSMEMBRANE TOPOLOGY PREDICTION; CELL-SURFACE PROTEOME; CODED AFFINITY TAGS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; IDENTIFICATION; CANCER; GENOME; ENRICHMENT AB Proteomic analysis of membrane proteins is a promising approach for the identification of novel drug targets and/or disease biomarkers. Despite notable technological developments, obstacles related to extraction and solublization of membrane proteins are encountered. A critical discussion of the different preparative methods of membrane proteins is offered in relation to downstream proteomic applications, mainly gel-based analyses and mass spectrometry. Frequently, unknown proteins are identified by high-throughput profiling of membrane proteins. In search for novel membrane proteins, analysis of protein sequences using computational tools is performed to predict the presence of transmembrane domains. This review also presents these bioinformatic tools with the human proteome as a case study. Along with technological innovations, advancements in the areas of sample preparation and computational prediction of membrane proteins will lead to exciting discoveries. C1 Div Biol Sci, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ahram, M (reprint author), Div Biol Sci, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999,Mail Stop K4-12, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mamoun.abram@pnl.gov; david.springer@pnl.gov NR 86 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEYY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-9450 J9 EXPERT REV PROTEOMIC JI Expert Rev. Proteomics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 1 IS 3 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1586/14789450.1.3.293 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 939ZW UT WOS:000230114400011 PM 15966826 ER PT J AU Johnson, GE Hedgepeth, JB Skalski, JR Giorgi, AE AF Johnson, GE Hedgepeth, JB Skalski, JR Giorgi, AE TI A Markov chain analysis of fish movements to determine entrainment zones SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE entrainment; fish movement; fish tracking; Markov chain ID TRACKING; BEHAVIOR; SMOLTS; WATER; RIVER; DAM AB Fish can become entrained at water withdrawal locations such as fish bypasses, hydroelectric turbines, and power plant cooling water intakes. Accordingly, the size of a fish entrainment zone (FEZ) is often of interest to fisheries managers and facility operators because of the need to protect fish from injury or mortality. This study developed a new technique to map the FEZ, defined here as the region immediately upstream of a portal where the probability of fish movement toward the portal is greater than 90%. To map the FEZ, we applied a Markov chain analysis to fish movement data collected with an active fish tracking sonar. This sonar device locked onto and followed fish targets, recording their positions through a set of volumetric cells comprising the sampled volume. The probability of a fish moving from one cell to another was calculated from fish position data. These probabilities were used to populate a Markov transition matrix. In 2000, we developed and applied the technique using data on salmon smolts migrating near the ice/trash sluiceway at The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River. The FEZ of the sluiceway entrance: as determined with this procedure was approximately 5 m across and extended 6-8 m out from the face of the dam in the surface layer 2-3 m deep. In conclusion, using a Markov chain analysis of fish movement data, we were able to describe and quantify the FEZ of the sluiceway at The Dalles dam. This Markov chain analysis could be used in a comparative before/after study to look at changes in FEZ caused by engineered structures. The technique is generally applicable to bio-engineering efforts aimed at protecting fish populations affected by water withdrawals. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Portland, OR 97204 USA. Tenera Environm, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. Univ Washington, Columbia Basin Res, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Bioanal Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Johnson, GE (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, 620 SW 5th Ave,Suite 810, Portland, OR 97204 USA. EM gary.johnson@pnl.gov OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 69 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.06.007 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 864BE UT WOS:000224607000005 ER PT J AU Lindesay, J Noyes, HP AF Lindesay, J Noyes, HP TI Nonperturbative, unitary quantum-particle scattering amplitudes from three-particle equations SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE relativistic few body; nonperturbative scattering; Faddeev theory AB We here use our nonperturbative, cluster decomposable relativistic scattering formalism to calculate photon-spinor scattering, including the related particle antiparticle annihilation amplitude. We start from a three-body system in which the unitary pair interactions contain the kinematic possibility of single quantum exchange and the symmetry properties needed to identify and substitute antiparticles for particles. We extract from it a unitary two-particle amplitude for quantum-particle scattering. We verify that we have done this correctly by showing that our calculated photon-spinor amplitude reduces in the weak coupling limit to the usual lowest order, manifestly covariant ( QED) result with the correct normalization. That we are able to successfully do this directly demonstrates that renormalizability need not be a fundamental requirement for all physically viable models. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Howard Univ, Computat Phys Lab, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Lindesay, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM Jlslac@SLAC.standford.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1573 EP 1606 DI 10.1023/B:FOOP.0000044105.74284.04 PG 34 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 860TS UT WOS:000224366800006 ER PT J AU Turcaniova, L Soong, Y Lovas, M Mockovciakova, A Orinak, A Justinova, M Znamenackova, I Bezovska, M Marchant, S AF Turcaniova, L Soong, Y Lovas, M Mockovciakova, A Orinak, A Justinova, M Znamenackova, I Bezovska, M Marchant, S TI The effect of microwave radiation on the triboelectrostatic separation of coal SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE microwave pre-treatment; triboelectrostatic separation; Slovak brown coal AB The triboelectrostatic separation and extraction of Slovak brown coal samples-untreated and microwave-treated, were analyzed. The changes in the coal structure as a result of interaction between the microwave radiation and the coal facilitated improvements to the process of separation and extraction of the coal. In the case of microwave-treated coal at a power of 900 W for a period of 10 min it was possible to obtain increased content of volatile substances to 44 wt% compared to 30 wt% in the untreated sample and decrease of ash content from 49 to 18.3 wt%. The quality of triboelectrostatic separation of microwave irradiated and non-irradiated coal samples was evaluated by comparing the recoveries of the combustible matter and ash. The influence of microwaves on the extraction of coal was also positive: the preliminary thin layer chromatographic analysis of 2 min microwave irradiated and non-irradiated coal extracts confirmed the effect of microwaves on qualitative organic matter composition in the extracts utilizable for special purposes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Geotech, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Safarik Univ, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, Kosice 04154, Slovakia. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Mockovciakova, A (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Geotech, Watsonova 45, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. EM mocka@saske.sk RI Orinak, Andrej/S-5220-2016 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD OCT PY 2004 VL 83 IS 14-15 BP 2075 EP 2079 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.04.005 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 847ZT UT WOS:000223437300025 ER PT J AU Yuille, M Korn, B Moore, T Farmer, AA Carrino, J Prange, C Hayashizaki, Y AF Yuille, M Korn, B Moore, T Farmer, AA Carrino, J Prange, C Hayashizaki, Y TI The responsibility to share: Sharing the responsibility SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN GENOME; SEQUENCE C1 MRC, Geneserv, Cambridge CB10 1SB, England. Deutsch Resourcezentrum Genomforsch, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Open Biosyst Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. BD Biosci Clontech, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. Invitrogen Corp, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IMAGE Consortium, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RIKEN, Yokohama Inst, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. RP Yuille, M (reprint author), MRC, Geneserv, Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SB, England. EM myuille@geneservice.mrc.ac.uk OI Yuille, Martin/0000-0002-4992-5405 FU Medical Research Council [G0100594, G0901461] NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 10B BP 2015 EP 2019 DI 10.1101/gr.2677304 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 862TM UT WOS:000224514000003 PM 15489320 ER PT J AU Rual, JF Hirozane-Kishikawa, T Hao, T Bertin, N Li, SM Dricot, A Li, N Rosenberg, J Lamesch, P Vidalain, PO Clingingsmith, TR Hartley, JL Esposito, D Cheo, D Moore, T Simmons, B Sequerra, R Bosak, S Doucette-Stamm, L Le Peuch, C Vandenhaute, J Cusick, ME Albala, JS Hill, DE Vidal, M AF Rual, JF Hirozane-Kishikawa, T Hao, T Bertin, N Li, SM Dricot, A Li, N Rosenberg, J Lamesch, P Vidalain, PO Clingingsmith, TR Hartley, JL Esposito, D Cheo, D Moore, T Simmons, B Sequerra, R Bosak, S Doucette-Stamm, L Le Peuch, C Vandenhaute, J Cusick, ME Albala, JS Hill, DE Vidal, M TI Human ORFeome version 1.1: A platform for reverse proteomics SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; GENOME SEQUENCE; GENES; PROJECTS; DATABASE; GATEWAY; CLONING AB The advent of systems biology necessitates the cloning of nearly entire sets of protein-encoding open reading frames (ORFs), or ORFeomes, to allow functional studies of the corresponding proteomes. Here, we describe the generation of a first version of the human ORFeome using a newly improved Gateway recombinational cloning approach. Using the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) resource as a starting point, we report the successful cloning of 8076 human ORFs, representing at least 7263 human genes, as mini-pools of PCR-amplified products. These were assembled into the human ORFeome version 1.1 (hORFeome v1.1) collection. After assessing the overall quality of this version, we describe the use of hORFeome v1.1 for heterologous protein expression in two different expression systems at proteome scale. The hORFeome v1.1 represents a central resource for the cloning of large sets of human ORFs in various settings for functional proteomics of many types, and will serve as the foundation for subsequent improved versions of the human ORFeome. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. CNRS, FRE 2593, Ctr Rech Biochim Macromol, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. NCI, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Atto Biosci, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Open Biosyst Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01905 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM david_hill@dfci.harvard.edu; marc_vidal@dfci.harvard.edu RI Bertin, Nicolas/C-3025-2008; Hill, David/B-6617-2011 OI Bertin, Nicolas/0000-0002-9835-9606; FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA105423, U01 CA105423-01] NR 39 TC 135 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 9 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 EI 1549-5469 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 10B BP 2128 EP 2135 DI 10.1101/gr.2973604 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 862TM UT WOS:000224514000018 PM 15489335 ER PT J AU Parra, M Gee, S Chan, N Ryaboy, D Dubchak, I Mohandas, N Gascard, PD Conboy, JG AF Parra, M Gee, S Chan, N Ryaboy, D Dubchak, I Mohandas, N Gascard, PD Conboy, JG TI Differential domain evolution and complex RNA processing in a family of paralogous EPB41 (protein 4.1) genes facilitate expression of diverse tissue-specific isoforms SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; MEMBRANE SKELETAL PROTEIN-4.1; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; NONERYTHROID ISOFORM; MULTIPLE ISOFORMS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; 4.1R INTERACTS; MEMBER; ACTIN; CELLS AB The EPB41 (protein 4.1) genes epitomize the resourcefulness of the mammalian genome to encode a complex proteome from a small number of genes. By utilizing alternative transcriptional promoters and tissue-specific alternative pre-mRNA splicing, EPB41, EPB41L2, EPB41L3, and EPB41L1 encode a diverse array of structural adapter proteins. Comparative genomic and transcript analysis of these 140- to 240-kb genes indicates several unusual features: differential evolution of highly conserved exons encoding known functional domains interspersed with unique exons whose size and sequence variations contribute substantially to intergenic diversity; alternative first exons, most of which map far upstream of the coding regions; and complex tissue-specific alternative pre-mRNA splicing that facilitates synthesis of functionally different complements of 4.1 proteins in various cells. Understanding the splicing regulatory networks that control protein 4.1 expression will be critical to a full appreciation of the many roles of 4.1 proteins in normal cell biology and their proposed roles in human cancer. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Conboy, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgconboy@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL45182]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK32094, DK56355] NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD OCT PY 2004 VL 84 IS 4 BP 637 EP 646 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.06.004 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 857BU UT WOS:000224091200003 PM 15475241 ER PT J AU Raymond, J Blankenship, RE AF Raymond, Jason Blankenship, Robert E. TI Biosynthetic pathways, gene replacement and the antiquity of life SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The appearance of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere, a by-product of oxygenic photosynthesis invented by primitive cyanobacteria, stands as one of the major events in the history of life on Earth. While independent lines of geological data suggest that oxygen first began to accumulate in the atmosphere c. 2.2 billion years ago, a growing body of biomarker data purports to push this date back fully 500 million years, based on the presumption that an oxygen-dependent biochemistry was functional at this time. Here, we present a cautionary tale in the extension of modern biochemistry into Archean biota, identifying a suite of examples of evolutionary convergence where an enzyme catalysing a highly specific, O(2)-requiring reaction has an oxygen-independent counterpart, able to carry out the same reaction under anoxic conditions. The anaerobic enzyme has almost certainly been replaced in many reactions by the more efficient and irreversible aerobic version that uses O(2). We suggest that the unambiguous interpretation of Archean biomarkers demands a rigorous understanding of modern biochemistry and its extensibility into ancient organisms. C1 [Blankenship, Robert E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Raymond, Jason] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Blankenship, RE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM RBlankenship@asu.edu FU NASA FX We would like to thank Joe Kirschvink and Jim Kasting for their discussions, insights, and encouragement in developing this manuscript. J.R. acknowledges funding through an E.O. Lawrence Fellowship at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This work has been supported by the NASA Exobiology Program. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00037.x PG 5 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA V06CL UT WOS:000207171600001 ER PT J AU Benzerara, K Yoon, TH Tyliszczak, T Constantz, B Spormann, AM Brown, GE AF Benzerara, K. Yoon, T. H. Tyliszczak, T. Constantz, B. Spormann, A. M. Brown, G. E., Jr. TI Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy study of microbial calcification SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Calcium phosphates and calcium carbonates are among the most prevalent minerals involved in microbial fossilization. Characterization of both the organic and mineral components in biomineralized samples is, however, usually difficult at the appropriate spatial resolution (i.e. at the submicrometer scale). Scanning transmission Xray microscopy (STXM) was used to measure C K-edge, P L-edge, and Ca L-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra of some calcium-containing minerals common in biomineralization processes and to study the experimental biomineralization by the model microorganism, Caulobacter crescentus. We show that the Ca L(2,3)-edges for hydroxyapatite, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite are unique and can be used as probes to detect these different mineral phases. Using these results, we showed that C. crescentus cells, when cultured in the presence of high calcium concentration, precipitated carbonate hydroxyapatite. In parallel, we detected proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids in the mineralizing bacteria at the single-cell scale. Finally, we discussed the utility of STXM for the study of natural fossilized microbial systems. C1 [Benzerara, K.; Yoon, T. H.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tyliszczak, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Constantz, B.] Skeletal Kinet, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. [Spormann, A. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Spormann, A. M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Benzerara, K (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM benzerar@stanford.edu RI Benzerara, Karim/J-1532-2016; IMPMC, Geobio/F-8819-2016 OI Benzerara, Karim/0000-0002-0553-0137; FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0089215, EAR-9905755]; DOE [DE-FG02-01ER63219, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Stanford Institute for the Environment FX We thank the National Science Foundation for support of this study through grants CHE-0089215 (Stanford University CRAEMS on Chemical and Microbial Interactions at Environmental Interfaces), CHE-0431425 (Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute), EAR-9905755, and the DOE GTL program (grant DE-FG02-01ER63219). We also wish to acknowledge financial support from a grant from the Stanford Institute for the Environment. We thank Collin Doyle, who kindly provided the carbonate reference compounds, Plamena Entcheva, who provided the Caulobacter crescentus CB15 strain, and Janice Lee, who provided the hydroxyapatite powders. K. Benzerara thanks the French Foreign Ministry for a Lavoisier Fellowship. A. P. Hitchcock (McMaster University) is thanked for providing reference carbon K-edge spectra for DNA, albumin and sodium alginate. The STXM studies were conducted on branch line 11.0.2.2 at the Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, and Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U. S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. We thank Kurt Konhauser and three anonymous reviewers for helping to improve this article. NR 52 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 4 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 2 IS 4 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00039.x PG 11 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA V06CL UT WOS:000207171600006 ER PT J AU Adriano, DC Wenzel, WW Vangronsveld, J Bolan, NS AF Adriano, DC Wenzel, WW Vangronsveld, J Bolan, NS TI Role of assisted natural remediation in environmental cleanup SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE trace metals; bioavailability; natural remediation; risk assessment; cleanup; health ID SMELTER-CONTAMINATED SOILS; BIOSOLIDS-AMENDED SOILS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT UPTAKE; PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; HEXAVALENT FORMS; CADMIUM UPTAKE; MINE SPOIL AB Metals are common contaminants worldwide. Long-term deposition of metals in soils can lead to accumulation, transport and biotoxicity/zootoxicity caused by mobility and bioavailability of significant fraction of the metals. Contaminant bioavailability is increasingly being used as a key indicator of potential risk that contaminants pose to both environmental and human health. However, the definition of bioavailability and the concepts on which it is based are still unclear, the methods adopted for its measurement vary and as such there is no single standard technique for the assessment of either plant availability of contaminants or their ecotoxicological impacts on soil biota. Moreover, bioavailability is often assumed to be static in nature where most decisions on risk and remediation are based on laboratory estimations of the bioavailable fraction, which may vary with time, nature of species as well as with temporal variation in environmental factors. Because of their immutable nature, strict natural attenuation processes alone may not be sufficient in mitigating the risks from metals. However, accelerating these processes with human interference (i.e., assisted natural remediation) that effectively immobilizes metals might be a viable option. Application to soils of certain amendments that enhance key biogeochemical processes in soils that effectively immobilize metals have already been demonstrated in Europe and North America on a field scale. Case studies using lime, phosphate and biosolid amendments have demonstrated, under field conditions, enhanced natural remediation resulting in substantially improved vegetation growth, invigorated microbial population and diversity, and reduced offsite metal transport. Depending on soil/hydrogeochemical properties, source term and metal form/species, and land use, the immobilization efficacy induced by such assisted natural remediation may be enduring. The use of green plants as a remediation tool in environmental cleanup has also offered some potential. Plants can uptake and bioaccumulate (phytoextraction) as well as immobilize (phytoimmobilization) certain trace elements, in conjunction with their rhizospheric processes. While long-term stability of certain metal complexes, such as metal pyromorphites has been shown in model systems, the influence of plant roots and its microbial and mycorrhizal association on such stability is unknown. A suite of chemical and biological tests are available to monitor the efficacy of assisted natural remediation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29082 USA. Univ Nat Resources & Appl Life Sci Vienna, Inst Bodenforsch, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. Limburgs Univ Ctr, Environm Biol Program, Diepenbeek, Belgium. Massey Univ, Inst Nat Resources, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Adriano, DC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29082 USA. EM Adriano@srel.edu RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 152 TC 287 Z9 310 U1 25 U2 149 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD OCT PY 2004 VL 122 IS 2-4 BP 121 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.003 PG 22 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 855ZL UT WOS:000224013300003 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG Bowling, DR Schauer, A Irvine, J Bond, BJ Law, BE Ehleringer, JR AF McDowell, NG Bowling, DR Schauer, A Irvine, J Bond, BJ Law, BE Ehleringer, JR TI Associations between carbon isotope ratios of ecosystem respiration, water availability and canopy conductance SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon isotopes; climate; ecosystem respiration; Keeling plot; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; stomatal conductance ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SOIL RESPIRATION; OLD-GROWTH; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; C-13 DISCRIMINATION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; CO2 EXCHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DELTA-C-13 AB We tested the hypothesis that the stable carbon isotope signature of ecosystem respiration (delta(13)C(R)) was regulated by canopy conductance (G(c)) using weekly Keeling plots (n=51) from a semiarid old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest in Oregon, USA. For a comparison of forests in two contrasting climates we also evaluated trends in delta(13)C(R) from a wet 20-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) plantation located near the Pacific Ocean. Intraannual variability in delta(13)C(R) was greater than 8.0parts per thousand at both sites, was highest during autumn, winter, and spring when rainfall was abundant, and lowest during summer drought. The delta(13)C(R) of the dry pine forest was consistently more positive than the wetter Douglas-fir forest (mean annual delta(13)C(R): -25.41parts per thousand vs. -26.23parts per thousand, respectively, P=0.07). At the Douglas-fir forest, delta(13)C(R)-climate relationships were consistent with predictions based on stomatal regulation of carbon isotope discrimination (Delta). Soil water content (SWC) and vapor pressure deficit (vpd) were the most important factors governing delta(13)C(R) in this forest throughout the year. In contrast, delta(13)C(R) at the pine forest was relatively insensitive to SWC or vpd, and exhibited a smaller drought-related enrichment (similar to2parts per thousand) than the enrichment observed during drought at the Douglas-fir forest (similar to5parts per thousand). Groundwater access at the pine forest may buffer canopy-gas exchange from drought. Despite this potential buffering, delta(13)C(R) at the pine forest was significantly but weakly related to canopy conductance (G(c)), suggesting that delta(13)C(R) remains coupled to canopy-gas exchange despite groundwater access. During drought, delta(13)C(R) was strongly correlated with soil temperature at both forests. The hypothesis that canopy-level physiology is a critical regulator of delta(13)C(R) was supported; however, belowground respiration may become more important during rain-free periods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Stable Isotope Ratio Facil Environm Res, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS-D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov OI Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 69 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1767 EP 1784 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00837.x PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 859WB UT WOS:000224297500012 ER PT J AU Potter, CA AF Potter, CA TI Application of the ICRP clarification of the tritium metabolic model SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tritium; dosimetry; internal; biokinetics; international; Commission on Radiological Protection AB In 2001, the International Commission on Radiological Protection published a clarification to the model for tritium metabolism. This clarification described the use of the gastrointestinal tract model, respiratory tract model, and transfer compartment in calculations of tritium metabolism. This information was used to derive intake retention fractions for tritium and tritium compounds including tritiated water, organically bound tritium, and tritides. In addition, dose coefficients were derived for tritide compounds including general categories described by the ICRP and some specific compounds. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Potter, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0651, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM capotte@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000128599.33185.5a PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 854KP UT WOS:000223901900004 PM 15359184 ER PT J AU Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, JP AF Holden, NE Reciniello, RN Hu, JP TI 2003 review of neutron and non-neutron nuclear data SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutrons; education, health physics; physics; particle; reviews ID DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; TECHNICAL REPORT; FISSION AB This paper reviews the scientific literature for new measurements of both non-neutron and neutron nuclear data. Some of the highlights of this review are the following items. There was a withdrawal of a previous claim for discovery of element 118. There have been new measurements of some isotopic abundance values that have led to changes for many elements. There was a new set of recommended standards for calibration of gamma-ray energies published for many nuclides. There have been new half-life measurements reported for very short lived isotopes, for many long-lived nuclides, and for half-lives of double beta (betabeta) decay measurements for quasi-stable nuclides. There was also a new reassessment reported of spontaneous fission (sf) half-lives for ground state nuclides, which distinguished between the half-lives from sf decay and from cluster decay and from the new cluster-fission decay process. This review reports on various nuclear interactions such as charged particle cross sections (n,p) and (n,alpha) measurements for thermal neutrons incident on light nuclides. New thermal (n,gamma) cross sections and neutron resonance integrals that have been measured or re-evaluated are also presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reciniello, RN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000,Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM reciniello@bnl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 87 IS 4 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000128940.33472.c6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 854KP UT WOS:000223901900008 PM 15359188 ER PT J AU Lau, G Cooksley, H Ribeiro, RM Powers, KA Bowden, S Mommeja-Marin, H Mondou, E Lewin, S Rousseau, F Perelson, AS Locarnini, S Naoumov, NV AF Lau, G Cooksley, H Ribeiro, RM Powers, KA Bowden, S Mommeja-Marin, H Mondou, E Lewin, S Rousseau, F Perelson, AS Locarnini, S Naoumov, NV TI Randomized, double-blind study comparing adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) plus emtricitabine (FTC) combination therapy versus ADV alone in HBEAG(+) chronic hepatitis B: Efficacy and mechanisms of treatment response SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Med, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. UCL, Inst Hepatol, London, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Gilead Sci Inc, Durham, NC USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 272A EP 272A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102100247 ER PT J AU Diamond, DL Jacobs, JM Chan, EY Do, HA Gritsenko, MA Camp, DG Carithers, RL Smith, RD Katze, MG AF Diamond, DL Jacobs, JM Chan, EY Do, HA Gritsenko, MA Camp, DG Carithers, RL Smith, RD Katze, MG TI Proteomic characterization of human liver biopsies from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients after liver transplantation. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 435A EP 435A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102100626 ER PT J AU Lau, GK Cooksley, H Ribiero, RM Powers, KA Bowden, S Mommeja-Marin, H Sorbel, J Mondou, E Rousseau, F Lewin, S Perelson, AS Locarnini, S Naoumov, NV AF Lau, GK Cooksley, H Ribiero, RM Powers, KA Bowden, S Mommeja-Marin, H Sorbel, J Mondou, E Rousseau, F Lewin, S Perelson, AS Locarnini, S Naoumov, NV TI Randomized, double-blind study comparing adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) plus emtricitabine (FTC) combination therapy versus ADV alone in HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B: Efficacy and mechanisms of treatment response SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis C1 Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. UCL, London, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Victorian Infect Dis Reference Lab, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Gilead Sci Inc, Durham, NC USA. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2004 VL 40 IS 4 SU 1 BP 666A EP 666A PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 857FR UT WOS:000224102101157 ER PT J AU Ahituv, N Rubin, EM Nobrega, MA AF Ahituv, N Rubin, EM Nobrega, MA TI Exploiting human-fish genome comparisons for deciphering gene regulation SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Review ID HOXC8 EARLY ENHANCER; FUGU-RUBRIPES; HYPERSENSITIVE SITES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; BETA-THALASSEMIA; SONIC-HEDGEHOG; KB UPSTREAM; HOT-SPOT; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES AB Comparative genomics has served as an essential guide in the identification of functional coding and non-coding sequences in vertebrate genomes. Human-mouse pair-wise comparisons have limited utility for identifying functional conserved non-coding sequences, owing to the large number of sequences shared between these species. In searching for more stringent filters to uncover non-coding elements more likely to be of functional importance in the human genome, human-fish sequence comparisons have emerged as an important strategy, leading to the efficient identification of enhancer elements. These sequences are unevenly distributed in the genome, tending to cluster around genes involved in key developmental processes, with recent studies suggesting that they represent genomic segments in which sequence variation can result in morphological changes and innovation. These elements, conserved over long evolutionary time, emerge as primary candidates that are likely to harbor sequence variation contributing to susceptibility of human disease phenotypes. C1 DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nobrega, MA (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM manobrega@lbl.gov OI Ahituv, Nadav/0000-0002-7434-8144 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL66681] NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD OCT 1 PY 2004 VL 13 SI 2 BP R261 EP R266 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddh229 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 854ZK UT WOS:000223942400011 PM 15358733 ER PT J AU Zhang, SB Janotti, A Wei, SH Van de Walle, CG AF Zhang, SB Janotti, A Wei, SH Van de Walle, CG TI Physics of defects and hydrogen in dilute nitrides SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dilute Nitride and Related Mismatched Semiconductor Alloys held at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the EMRS CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; BAND-GAP ENERGY; CRYSTALLINE SILICON; V SEMICONDUCTORS; GAASN ALLOYS; NITROGEN; SURFACE; COMPLEXES; GROWTH AB First-principles theory is capable of unveiling physical properties of the various defects in dilute nitrides. The authors discuss some of their recent results for native defects, N-N pairs, as well as for hydrogen in GaAsN and GaPN. The studies have shown that defect physics of dilute nitrides is qualitatively different from that of conventional semiconductors owing to the involvement of nitrogen. This leads to a number of phenomena ranging from the existence of a new class of intrinsic traps, such as the N-N split interstitials, As(Ga)-N and V(Ga)-N pairs, to a surprising modification of the fundamental bandgap by hydrogen. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Zhang, SB (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Van de Walle, Chris/A-6623-2012; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013; Janotti, Anderson/F-1773-2011 OI Van de Walle, Chris/0000-0002-4212-5990; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860; Janotti, Anderson/0000-0001-5028-8338 NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 151 IS 5 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20041037 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 878ZI UT WOS:000225685800031 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Shan, W Wu, J Beeman, JW Becla, P AF Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Scarpulla, MA Dubon, OD Shan, W Wu, J Beeman, JW Becla, P TI Synthesis and properties of highly mismatched II-O-VI alloys SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dilute Nitride and Related Mismatched Semiconductor Alloys held at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the EMRS CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID N ION-IMPLANTATION; MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS; MUTUAL PASSIVATION; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; NITROGEN; BAND; EFFICIENCY AB Ternary and quaternary dilute II-VI oxides were synthesised using a highly non-equilibrium method: the combination of 0 ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting. CdOxTe1-x thin films have been produced with x up to 0.015 and with the energy gap reduced by 0.15 eV. Optical transitions corresponding to both the lower (E-) and upper (E+) conduction sub-bands, resulting from the anticrossing interaction between the localised 0 states and the extended conduction states of the matrix, are clearly observed in quaternary Cd0.6Mn0.4OxTe1-x and Zn0.88Mn0.12OxTe1-x layers. These results have important implications for the existing theoretical models of the electronic structure of the highly mismatched alloys. In Zn1-xMnxTe, where the 0 level lies below the conduction band edge, it was demonstrated that incorporation of a small amount of oxygen leads to the formation of a narrow, oxygen-derived band of extended states located well below the conduction band edge of the ZnMnTe matrix. The three absorption edges of this material (similar to 0.73, 1.83 and 2.56 eV) cover the entire solar spectrum providing a material envisioned for multiband, single-junction, high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 151 IS 5 BP 452 EP 459 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20040932 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 878ZI UT WOS:000225685800047 ER PT J AU Wu, J Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W AF Wu, J Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W TI Mutual passivation effects in highly mismatched group III-V-N alloys SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dilute Nitride and Related Mismatched Semiconductor Alloys held at the 2004 Spring Meeting of the EMRS CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc ID BAND-GAP ENERGY; SI DIFFUSION; NITROGEN; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS; FIELD AB The authors have recently discovered a new effect in the dilute InGaAsN alloy system in which electrically active substitutional Si donors and isoelectronic N atoms passivate each other's activity. This is manifested in a drastic reduction of the free electron concentration and, simultaneously, an increase in the fundamental bandgap in Si-doped InGaAsN alloys. Systematic studies of the mutual passivation effect in Si-doped InGaAsN alloys show that the passivation process is controlled by the diffusion of Si to the nearest neighbours of N-occupied sites, forming nearest neighbour Si-N pairs. Analytical calculations of the passivation process based on Ga-vacancy-mediated diffusion show good agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that the mutual passivation provides a method to precisely control electrical properties of InGaAsN:Si. Investigations were made of scattering mechanisms limiting electron mobility in InGaAsN through a judicious choice of the annealing conditions to vary the electron concentration by more than two orders of magnitude. The mobility of free electrons in InGaAsN is quantitatively explained on the basis of the band anticrossing model. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 151 IS 5 BP 460 EP 464 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20040933 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 878ZI UT WOS:000225685800048 ER PT J AU Griffith, Z Kim, Y Dahlstrom, M Ard, ACG Rodwell, MJW AF Griffith, Z Kim, Y Dahlstrom, M Ard, ACG Rodwell, MJW TI InGaAs-InP metamorphic DHBTs grown on GaAs with lattice-matched device performance and f(T), f(max) > 268 GHz SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT); lattice matched; metamorphic growth AB InP-In0.53Ga0.47As-InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) were grown on a GaAs substrate using a metamorphic buffer layer and then fabricated. The metamorphic buffer layer is InP-employed because of its high thermal conductivity to minimize device heating. An f(T) and f(max) of 268 and 339 GHz were measured, respectively-both records for metamorphic DHBTs. A 70-nm SiO2 dielectric sidewall was deposited on the emitter contact to permit a longer InP emitter wet etch for increased device yield and reduced base leakage current. The dc current gain beta is approximate to35 and V-BR,V-CEO = 5.7 V. The collector leakage current I-cbo is 90 pA at V-cb = 0.3 V. These values of f(T), f(max), I-cbo, and beta are consistent with InP based DHBTs of the same layer structure grown on a lattice-matched InP substrate. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. IBM Corp, Microelect Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. RP Griffith, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM griffith@ece.ucsb.edu NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 25 IS 10 BP 675 EP 677 DI 10.1109/LED.2004.835160 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 857HL UT WOS:000224106900003 ER PT J AU Baeyens, Y Martinez, MJ AF Baeyens, Y Martinez, MJ TI Introduction to the Special Issue on the 25th Annual IEEE GaAs Integrated Circuits Conference SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martinez, MJ (reprint author), Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9200 J9 IEEE J SOLID-ST CIRC JI IEEE J. Solid-State Circuit PD OCT PY 2004 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1595 EP 1597 DI 10.1109/JSSC.2004.837088 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 857QD UT WOS:000224132500001 ER PT J AU Pao, HY Zhu, ZH Dvorak, SL AF Pao, HY Zhu, ZH Dvorak, SL TI Exact, closed-form representations for the time-domain surface impedances of a homogeneous, lossy half-space SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE canonical problem; dispersion; surface impedance; time-domain ID WAVES OBLIQUELY INCIDENT; EFFICIENT ANALYSIS; ACCURATE AB In this paper, we derive exact, closed-form representations for the transverse electric and transverse magnetic time-domain, surface impedances associated with a plane wave that is obliquely incident on a homogeneous, lossy half-space. The time-domain surface impedances are expressed in terms of modified Bessel functions and incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel integrals. The limitations on the validity of a previously published approximate expression are also discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pao, HY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pao2@llnl.gov; zhzhu@ece.arizona.edu; dvorak@ece.arizona.edu NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2659 EP 2665 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.834460 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 861CH UT WOS:000224393200020 ER PT J AU Rieben, RN White, DA Rodrigue, GH AF Rieben, RN White, DA Rodrigue, GH TI Improved conditioning of finite element matrices using new high-order interpolatory bases SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE finite element methods; frequency domain analysis; high-order methods; matrix conditioning; Maxwell equations; time domain analysis ID COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS; NUMERICAL DISPERSION; CONVERGENCE; CONSTRUCTION AB The condition number of finite element matrices constructed from interpolatory bases will grow as the polynomial degree of the basis functions is increased. The worst case scenario for this growth rate is exponential and in this paper we demonstrate through computational example that the traditional set of uniformly distributed interpolation points yields this behavior. We propose a set of nonuniform interpolation points which yield a much improved polynomial growth rate of condition number. These points can be used to construct several types of popular hexahedral basis functions including the 0-form (standard Lagrangian), 1-form (Curl conforming), and 2-form (Divergence conforming) varieties. We demonstrate through computational example the benefits of using these new interpolatory bases in finite element solutions to Maxwell's equations in both the frequency and time domain. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Engn Grp, Def Sci Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rieben, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rieben1@llnl.gov; white37@llnl.gov; rodrigue@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 52 IS 10 BP 2675 EP 2683 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.834387 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 861CH UT WOS:000224393200022 ER PT J AU Chanchio, K Sun, XH AF Chanchio, K Sun, XH TI Communication state transfer for the mobility of concurrent heterogeneous computing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE communication protocol; process migration; distributed and parallel processing; point-to-point communication ID MIGRATION; SYSTEM AB In a dynamic environment where a process can migrate from one host to another host, communication state transfer is a key issue of process coordination. This paper presents a set of data communication and process migration protocols to support communication state transfer in a dynamic, distributed parallel environment. The protocols preserve the semantics of point-to-point communication; they guarantee message delivery, maintain message ordering, and do not introduce deadlock when blocking send or receive operations are performed during process migration. Analytical proofs and prototype implementation are conducted to confirm the correctness of the protocols. Analytical and experimental results show the proposed design is valid and has a true potential in network computing. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 5600, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chanchiok@ornl.gov; sun@cs.iit.edu NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1260 EP 1273 DI 10.1109/TC.2004.73 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 847JP UT WOS:000223388800004 ER PT J AU Arghavani, R Yuan, Z Ingle, N Jung, KB Seamons, M Venkataraman, S Banthia, V Lija, K Leon, P Karunasiri, G Yoon, S Mascarenhas, A AF Arghavani, R Yuan, Z Ingle, N Jung, KB Seamons, M Venkataraman, S Banthia, V Lija, K Leon, P Karunasiri, G Yoon, S Mascarenhas, A TI Stress management in sub-90-nm transistor architecture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE dielectric films; semiconductor device fabrication; semiconductor films ID SIMULATION; SILICON AB This brief focuses on the physical characteristics of three dielectric films which can induce a significant degree of tensile or compressive stress in the channel of a sub-90-nm node MOS structure. Manufacturable and highly reliable oxide films have demonstrated, based on simulation, the ability to induce greater than 1.5-GPa tensile stress in the Si channel, when used as shallow trench isolation (STI) fill. Low-temperature blanket nitride films with a stress range of 2 GPa compressive to greater than 1.4 GPa tensile were also developed to enhance performance in both PMOS and NMOS devices. Combined with a tensile first interlayer dielectric film, the stress management and optimization of the above films can yield significant performance improvement without additional cost, or integration complexities. C1 Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Mixed Technol Assoc, Newark, CA 94560 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Phys, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Arghavani, R (reprint author), Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. EM Reza_Arghavani@amat.com NR 13 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1740 EP 1743 DI 10.1109/TED.2004.835993 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 857GP UT WOS:000224104700029 ER PT J AU Yong, Z Goldgof, DB Sarkar, S Tsap, LV AF Yong, Z Goldgof, DB Sarkar, S Tsap, LV TI A modeling approach for burn scar assessment using natural features and elastic property SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE burn scar; elastic property; finite element; natural feature; physical model; regularization ID ELASTOGRAPHY AB A modeling approach is presented for quantitative burn scar assessment. Emphases are given to: 1) constructing a finite-element model from natural image features with an adaptive mesh and 2) quantifying the Young's modulus of scars using the finite-element model and regularization method. A set of natural point features is extracted from the images of burn patients. A Delaunay triangle mesh is then generated that adapts to the point features. A three-dimensional finite-element model is built on top of the mesh with the aid of range images providing the depth information. The Young's modulus of scars is quantified with a simplified regularization functional, assuming that the knowledge of the scar's geometry is available. The consistency between the relative elasticity index and the physician's rating based on the Vancouver scale (a relative scale used to rate burn scars) indicates that the proposed modeling approach has high potential for image-based quantitative burn scar assessment. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Elect Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yong, Z (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM zhang@csee.usf.edu; goldgof@csee.usf.edu; sarkai-@csee.usf.edu; tsap1@llnl.gov RI Sarkar, Sudeep/A-8213-2009 OI Sarkar, Sudeep/0000-0001-7332-4207 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD OCT PY 2004 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1325 EP 1329 DI 10.1109/TMI.2004.834625 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 858TF UT WOS:000224214000013 ER PT J AU Walder, JP Chao, G Genat, JF Karcher, A Krieger, B Kurz, S Steckert, J von der Lippe, H AF Walder, JP Chao, G Genat, JF Karcher, A Krieger, B Kurz, S Steckert, J von der Lippe, H TI A low power, wide dynamic range multigain signal processor for the SNAP CCD SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE analog processing circuits; charge coupled devices; CMOS analog integrated circuits; correlated double sampling AB A four-channel custom chip designed for reading out the CCDs of the proposed SNAP satellite visible imager is presented. Each channel consists of a single-ended to differential converter followed by a correlated double sampler and a novel multislope integrator. The output signal is differentially brought out of the chip by an output buffer. This circuit is designed to operate at room temperature for test purpose and at 140 K, which will be the operating temperature. The readout speed is 100 kHz. The 16-bit dynamic range is covered using 3 gains each with a 12-bit signal to noise ratio. The prototype chip, implemented in a 0.25 mum CMOS technology, has a measured readout noise of 7 muV rms at 100 kHz readout speed, a measured nonlinearity of +/- 0.0025% and a power consumption of 6.5 mW, with a 3.3 V supply voltage. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Walder, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jpwalder@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1936 EP 1941 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.834717 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900002 ER PT J AU Krieger, B Alfonsi, S Bacchetta, N Christofek, SCL Garcia-Sciveres, M Haber, C Hanagaki, K Hoff, J Johnson, M von der Lippe, H Lujan, P Mandelli, E Meng, G Nomerotski, A Pellet, D Rapidis, P Utes, M Walder, JP Weber, M Wester, W Wilkes, T Yarema, R Yao, W Zimmerman, T AF Krieger, B Alfonsi, S Bacchetta, N Christofek, SCL Garcia-Sciveres, M Haber, C Hanagaki, K Hoff, J Johnson, M von der Lippe, H Lujan, P Mandelli, E Meng, G Nomerotski, A Pellet, D Rapidis, P Utes, M Walder, JP Weber, M Wester, W Wilkes, T Yarema, R Yao, W Zimmerman, T TI SVX4: A new deep-submicron readout IC for the Tevatron collider at fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE CMOS integrated circuits; analog-digital conversion; application-specific integrated circuits; mixed analog-digital integrated circuits; particle tracking; radiation detector circuits ID DESIGN AB SVX4 is the new silicon strip readout IC designed to meet the increased radiation tolerance requirements for Run IIb at the Tevatron collider. Devices have been fabricated, tested, and approved for production. The SVX4 design is a technology migration of the SVX3D design currently in use by CDF. Whereas SVX3D was fabricated in a 0.8-mum radiation-hard process, SVX4 was fabricated in a standard 0.25-mum mixed-signal CMOS technology using the "radiation tolerant by design" transistor topologies devised by the CERN RD49 collaboration. The specific cell layouts include digital cells developed by the ATLAS Pixel group, and full-custom analog blocks. Unlike its predecessors, the new design also includes the necessary features required for generic use by both the CDF and DO experiments at Fermilab. Performance of the IC includes >20 MRad total dose tolerance, and similar to2000 e-rms equivalent input noise charge with 40-pF input capacitance, when sampled at 132-ns period with an 80-ns preamp risetime. At the nominal digitize/readout rate of 106/53 MHz, the 9 nun x 6.3 nun die dissipates similar to2 mW/channel average at 2.5 V. A review of typical operation, details of the design conversion process, and performance measurements are covered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Krieger, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bnkrieger@lbl.gov RI Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010 NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1968 EP 1973 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836027 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900007 ER PT J AU Pratte, JF Robert, S De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Stoll, S Pepin, CM Fontaine, R Lecomte, R AF Pratte, JF Robert, S De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P Stoll, S Pepin, CM Fontaine, R Lecomte, R TI Design and performance of 0.18-mu m CMOS charge preamplifiers for APD-based PET scanners SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE avalanche photodiode (APD); complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); charge preamplifier; computed tomography; front-end electronic; positron emission tomography; rat conscious animal positron emission tomography (RatCAP) ID LOW-NOISE; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; WIDE-BAND; SENSITIVE PREAMPLIFIER; DETECTORS; AMPLIFIERS; PROSPECTS AB The CMOS 0.18-mum technology was investigated for two analog front-end projects: the low-power budget rat-head mounted miniature rat conscious animal PET (RatCAP) scanner, and the high-performance, low-noise, high-rate PET/CT application. The first VLSI prototypes consisted of 1- and 5-mW charge sensitive preamplifiers (CSP) based on a modified cascode telescopic architecture. Characterization of the rise time, linearity, dynamic range, equivalent noise charge (ENC), timing resolution and energy resolution are reported and discussed. When connected to an APD-LSO detector, time resolutions of 2.49 and 1.56 ns full-width half-maximum (FWHM) were achieved by the 1- and 5-mW CSPs, respectively. Both CSPs make it possible to achieve performance characteristics that are adequate for PET imaging. Experimental results indicate that the CMOS 0.18-mum technology is suitable for both the low-power and the high-performance PET front-end applications. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R2, Canada. RP Pratte, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jfpratte@bnl.gov NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1979 EP 1985 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836120 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900009 ER PT J AU Kokubun, M Abe, K Ezoe, Y Fukazawa, Y Hong, S Inoue, H Itoh, T Kamae, T Kasama, D Kawaharada, M Kawano, N Kawashima, K Kawasoe, S Kobayashi, Y Kotoku, J Kouda, M Kubota, A Madejski, GM Makishima, K Mitani, T Miyasaka, H Miyawaki, R Mori, K Mori, M Murakami, T Murashima, MM Nakazawa, K Niko, H Nomachi, M Ohno, M Okada, Y Oonuki, K Sato, G Suzuki, M Takahashi, H Takahashi, I Takahashi, T Tamura, K Tanaka, T Tashiro, M Terada, Y Tominaga, S Watanabe, S Yamaoka, K Yanagida, T Yonetoku, D AF Kokubun, M Abe, K Ezoe, Y Fukazawa, Y Hong, S Inoue, H Itoh, T Kamae, T Kasama, D Kawaharada, M Kawano, N Kawashima, K Kawasoe, S Kobayashi, Y Kotoku, J Kouda, M Kubota, A Madejski, GM Makishima, K Mitani, T Miyasaka, H Miyawaki, R Mori, K Mori, M Murakami, T Murashima, MM Nakazawa, K Niko, H Nomachi, M Ohno, M Okada, Y Oonuki, K Sato, G Suzuki, M Takahashi, H Takahashi, I Takahashi, T Tamura, K Tanaka, T Tashiro, M Terada, Y Tominaga, S Watanabe, S Yamaoka, K Yanagida, T Yonetoku, D TI Improvements of the Astro-E2 Hard X-ray Detector (HXD-II) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE Astro-E2; astrophysics; detector; gamma-ray; hard X-ray ID PERFORMANCE; DIODE AB We summarize significant improvements which have been achived in the development of Astro-E2 Hard X-ray Detector (HXD-II). An expanded energy range and better energy resolution have been achieved from progresses in device materials and redesigning of the front-end electronics. An improved estimation for the detector background in orbit has also been conducted based upon results from our proton irradiation experiment. The sensitivity of HXD-II can be expected to reach an order of 10(-6) [c s(-1) keV(-1) cm(-2)]. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Clear Pulse Co Ltd, Tokyo 1430024, Japan. Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. Osaka Univ, Nucl Studies Lab, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. RP Kokubun, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM kokubun@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Tashiro, Makoto/J-4562-2012; Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; Yanagida, Takayuki/F-1814-2014 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857; Yanagida, Takayuki/0000-0002-4298-5886 NR 11 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1991 EP 1996 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832921 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900011 ER PT J AU Takashima, T Mitani, T Nakazawa, K Tajima, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Uno, S Uchihori, Y Kitamura, H AF Takashima, T Mitani, T Nakazawa, K Tajima, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Uno, S Uchihori, Y Kitamura, H TI Double-side silicon strip detector (DSSD) with VA32TA applied for medium energy particle detector in high-count rate environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE position sensitive particle detectors; silicon strip detector; spectroscopy ID TELESCOPE AB We are developing a medium energy particle detector in a high-count rate environment, in order to solve the acceleration mechanism and the process of high-energy particles in the collision less plasma shock region in the space. The key observation is to measure the maximum energy of accelerated particles correctly. It is important to reduce the pile-up events, in order to measure the correct maximum energy. The new developed detector for the high-count rate environment consists of the double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSD) and the readout Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) chips VA32TA, made by IDEA. The performance of the new DSSD system for charged particles was tested using proton beams with an energy of 6 MeV from the medium-energy accelerator in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) of the National Institute for Radiological Science. The result is that the new DSSD system works well and has high performance in detecting not only X-rays, but also charged particles. It is certain that this new DSSD system can measure the correct energy of incident particles in high-count rate environments using the accelerator. C1 Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Mitsubishi Space Software Co, Tokyo 1056132, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. RP Takashima, T (reprint author), Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM htajima@slac.stanford.edu; ttakeshi@stp.isas.jaxa.jp NR 4 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2004 EP 2007 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835649 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900013 ER PT J AU Bozzi, C Adye, T Andreotti, D Antonioli, E Barlow, R Bense, B Boutigny, D Brew, CAJ Colling, D Cowles, RD Elmer, P Feltresi, E Forti, A Grosdidier, G Hasan, A Lacker, H Luppi, E Martyniak, J McNab, A Petzold, A Smith, DA Sundermann, JE Veronesi, P AF Bozzi, C Adye, T Andreotti, D Antonioli, E Barlow, R Bense, B Boutigny, D Brew, CAJ Colling, D Cowles, RD Elmer, P Feltresi, E Forti, A Grosdidier, G Hasan, A Lacker, H Luppi, E Martyniak, J McNab, A Petzold, A Smith, DA Sundermann, JE Veronesi, P TI Using the grid for the BaBar experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE distributed computing; elementary particles; physics AB The BaBar experiment has been taking data since 1999. In 2001 the computing group started to evaluate the possibility to evolve toward a distributed computing model in a grid environment. We built a prototype system, based on the European Data Grid (EDG), to submit full-scale analysis and Monte Carlo simulation jobs. Computing elements, storage elements, and worker nodes have been installed at SLAC and at various European sites. A BaBar virtual organization (VO) and a test replica catalog (RC) are maintained in Manchester, U.K., and the experiment is using three EDG testbed resource brokers in the U.K. and in Italy. First analysis tests were performed under the assumption that a standard BaBar software release was available at the grid target sites, using RC to register information about the executable and the produced n-tuples. Hundreds of analysis jobs accessing either Objectivity or Root data files ran on the grid. We tested the Monte Carlo production using a farm of the INFN-grid testbed customized to install an Objectivity database and run BaBar simulation software. First simulation production tests were performed using standard Job Description Language commands and the output files were written on the closest storage element. A package that can be officially distributed to grid sites not specifically customized for BaBar has been prepared. We are studying the possibility to add a user friendly interface to access grid services for BaBar. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Dept Phys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. LAL, F-91898 Orsay, France. RP Bozzi, C (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RI Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; OI Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Adye, Tim/0000-0003-0627-5059; Barlow, Roger/0000-0002-8295-8612 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2045 EP 2049 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.835905 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900020 ER PT J AU Ishino, H Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Friedl, M Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, J Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R STanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchiba, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Ziegler, T Zontar, D AF Ishino, H Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Friedl, M Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, J Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R STanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchiba, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Ziegler, T Zontar, D TI The data acquisition system of the Belle silicon vertex detector (SVD) upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE Belle; data acquisition; silicon vertex detector ID RADIATION HARDNESS AB A newly developed data acquisition system (DAQ) for the upgraded silicon vertex detector (SVD2) in the Belle experiment is described. The system consists of 12 PCs connected through PCI I/O boards to 36 flash analog-to-digital converters (FADCs) to read out a system comprising a total of 110 592 strips. It is designed to cope with the increased number of readout channels and the maximum trigger rate of 1 kHz, foreseen in the future operation with higher beam currents. A measurement of the system performance using sparsification algorithm we have developed yields a 1.3-kHz readout rate for a 5% occupancy with less than 5% dead time, which satisfies the requirements on the maximum trigger rate. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grp HP, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 9502181, Japan. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305080, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Toyana Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Lab, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. IHEP Austria, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Grp, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata 9518151, Japan. RP Ishino, H (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grp HP, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RI Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015 OI Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675; Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2064 EP 2068 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.832649 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900023 ER PT J AU Nagasaka, Y Miyamoto, S Obata, T Sakamoto, Y Asai, M Tamura, N Kato, Y Saskamoto, H Ishihara, N AF Nagasaka, Y Miyamoto, S Obata, T Sakamoto, Y Asai, M Tamura, N Kato, Y Saskamoto, H Ishihara, N TI Flash memory-based data acquisition system with NOBLE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE computer maintenance; data acquisition; distributed computing; operating system ID BELLE DAQ SYSTEM AB Several types of board computers, such as VME, CompactPCI, and so on, are used in high energy physics experiments. They are usually used as a diskless system booted through a network. Such an architecture is easy to use once the setup is completed. However, if the network goes down, the system can no longer be started up. One of the solutions for this problem is to use an on-board flash memory device as a boot device. As the basic architecture of a flash memory-based data acquisition system, we have developed a networked on-board Linux environment (NOBLE) distribution package in order to ensure easy installation of an operating system on a flash memory device. C1 Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima 7315193, Japan. Rikkyo Univ, RCMAS, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Niigata Univ, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Univ Tokyo, ICEPP, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. IPNS, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Nagasaka, Y (reprint author), Hiroshima Inst Technol, Hiroshima 7315193, Japan. EM nagasaka@cc.it-hiroshima.ac.jp NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2069 EP 2072 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.832320 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900024 ER PT J AU Va'vra, J AF Va'vra, J TI Attempt to correlate the ionic model with observations in BaBar RPC chambers and R&D tests SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE RPC detectors based on linseed oil-covered Bakelite; electrodes ID RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS; PHYSICS AB The paper presents a model of ionic conduction in the Bakelite-based RPC detectors. This model explains why these detectors need to add water while they operate. The electrode current, according to the presented model, is formed mainly by the ionic sequence involving the phenol impurities left in the Bakelite and water, both left from the initial production. Similar ionic process is present in the Linseed oil polymer, where the current is carried by the fatty acid molecular impurities and by water. The Bakelite RPC operation requires the entire ionic sequence to operate smoothly to keep the electrode resistance constant. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jjv@slac.stanford.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2145 EP 2150 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836063 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900037 ER PT J AU Hagmann, C Bernstein, A AF Hagmann, C Bernstein, A TI Two-phase emission detector for measuring coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE argon; electroluminescence; gas detectors; neutrinos; nuclear fuels; xenon ID DARK-MATTER DETECTOR; LIQUID ARGON; XENON; IONIZATION; AR; IONS AB Coherent scattering is a flavor-blind, high-rate, as yet undetected neutrino interaction predicted by the Standard Model. We propose to use a compact (kg-scale), two-phase (liquid-gas) argon ionization detector to measure coherent neutrino scattering off nuclei. In our approach, neutrino-induced nuclear recoils in the liquid produce a weak ionization signal, which is transported into a gas under the influence of an electric field, amplified via electroluminescence, and detected by phototubes or avalanche diodes. This paper describes the features of the detector, and estimates signal and background rates for a reactor neutrino source. Relatively compact detectors of this type, capable of detecting coherent scattering, offer a new approach to flavor-blind detection of man-made and astronomical neutrinos, and may allow development of compact neutrino detectors capable of nonintrusive real-time monitoring of fissile material in reactors. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hagmann, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hagmann1@llnl.gov; bernstein3@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2151 EP 2155 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836061 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900038 ER PT J AU Turqueti, M Cihangir, S Kwan, S Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Hall, BK Zimmermann, S AF Turqueti, M Cihangir, S Kwan, S Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Hall, BK Zimmermann, S TI Study of temperature dependence of bump bonding for the BTeV pixel detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE bump bonding; pixel detector; thermal cycle AB The pixel detector proposed for the BTeV experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron will use bump-bonding technology based on either Indium or Pb/Sn solder to connect the front-end readout chips to the silicon pixel sensors. We have studied the behavior of the bumps by visual inspection of the bumps bonding silicon sensor modules to dummy chips made out of glass. The studies were done before and after thermal cycles, exposure to intense irradiation, and with the assemblies glued to a graphite substrate. We have also carried out studies on effects of temperature changes on both types of bump bonds by observing the responses of single-chip pixel detectors to a Sr-90 source. We report the results from these studies as well as the noise and threshold behavior of the pixel readout at various temperatures. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Turqueti, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM turqueti@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2161 EP 2167 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.834709 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900040 ER PT J AU Cardoso, G Andresen, J Appel, JA Christian, DC Hall, BK Kwan, SW Turqueti, MA Zimmermann, S AF Cardoso, G Andresen, J Appel, JA Christian, DC Hall, BK Kwan, SW Turqueti, MA Zimmermann, S TI Pixel multichip module design for a high energy physics experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE high density inerconnects; high density packaging; particle detectors; pixel detectors AB At Fermilab, a pixel detector multichip module is being developed for the BTeV experiment. The module is composed of three layers. The lowest layer is formed by the readout integrated circuits (ICs). The back of the ICs is in thermal contact with the supporting structure, while the top is flip-chip bump-bonded to the pixel sensor. A low mass flex-circuit interconnect is glued on the top of this assembly, and the readout IC pads are wire-bounded to the circuit. This paper presents recent results on the development of a multichip module prototype and summarizes its performance characteristics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cardoso, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM cardoso@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2168 EP 2173 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836059 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900041 ER PT J AU Cardoso, G Andresen, J Aoki, M Bacchetta, N Behari, S Derylo, G Flaugher, B Franzen, J Lu, RS Pavlicek, V Zimmermann, S AF Cardoso, G Andresen, J Aoki, M Bacchetta, N Behari, S Derylo, G Flaugher, B Franzen, J Lu, RS Pavlicek, V Zimmermann, S TI Polyimide and BeO mini port card performance comparison for CDF run IIb SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE high density inerconnects high density packaging; particle detectors; strip detectors AB The new silicon detector design for CDF relies on advanced packaging solutions in order to attain the strict small size and low mass requirements dictated by the experiment's physics program. The silicon strip detector at CDF is composed of overlaying silicon sensors in the form of a barrel around the colliding beam. The electronic instrumentation (sensors, readout, and transceiver chips) is assembled into the staves of this barrel. In this paper we describe the development of the mini port card (MPC). The MPC is located at one of the ends of the stave, and it is responsible for signal translation and repetition from the readout chips to and from the data acquisition system (DAQ). The MPC's development has taken two approaches that use different technologies. One of the approaches uses BeO as the board substrate (BeO-MPC), while the other approach uses a hybrid rigid-flexible polyimide substrate (Poly-MPC). We present test results of pre-production parts, each one assembled with a different MPC packaging technology. Complete thermal and electrical characterization of the MPC is shown, and the advantages and disadvantages of both technologies, as well as their influence in the overall system performance, are presented. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cardoso, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM cardoso@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2174 EP 2180 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836060 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900042 ER PT J AU Klyukhin, VI Campi, D Cure, B Gaddi, A Gerwig, H Grillet, JP Herve, A Loveless, R Smith, RP AF Klyukhin, VI Campi, D Cure, B Gaddi, A Gerwig, H Grillet, JP Herve, A Loveless, R Smith, RP TI Developing the technique of measurements of magnetic field in the CMS steel yoke elements with flux-loops and Hall probes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE flux-loops; data acquisition; Hall effect devices; magnetic field measurements; superconducting solenoid AB Compact union solenoid (CMS) is a general-purpose detector designed to run at the highest luminosity at the CERN large hadron collider (LHC). Its distinctive features include a 4 T superconducting solenoid with 6 in diameter by 12.5 m long free bore, enclosed inside a 10000-ton return yoke made of construction steel. Accurate characterization of the magnetic field everywhere in the CMS detector, including the large ferromagnetic parts of the yoke, is required. To measure the field in and around ferromagnetic parts, a set of flux-loops and Hall probe sensors will be installed on several of the steel pieces. Fast discharges of the solenoid during system commissioning tests will be used to induce voltages in the flux-loops that can be integrated to measure the flux in the steel at full excitation of the solenoid. The Hall sensors will give supplementary information on the axial magnetic field and permit estimation of the remanent field in the steel after the fast discharge. An experimental R&D program has been undertaken, using a test flux-loop, two Hall sensors, and sample disks made from the same construction steel used for the CMS magnet yoke. A sample disc, assembled with the test flux-loop and the Hall sensors, was inserted between the pole tips of a dipole electromagnet equipped with a computer-controlled power supply to measure the excitation of the steel from full saturation to zero field. The results of the measurements are presented and discussed. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, RU-119992 Moscow, Russia. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Klyukhin, VI (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, RU-119992 Moscow, Russia. EM Vyacheslav.Klyukhin@cern.ch; rpsmith@fnal.gov RI Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/D-6850-2012 OI Klyukhin, Vyacheslav/0000-0002-8577-6531 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2187 EP 2192 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.834722 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900044 ER PT J AU Ramberg, E Cooper, P Tschirhart, R AF Ramberg, E Cooper, P Tschirhart, R TI A photon veto detector for the CKM experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE kaon decay experiments; particle detectors; photon veto detectors AB Fermilab experiment E921, or Charged Kaons at the Main Injector (CKM), will measure the branching ratio of the ultrarare kaon decay: K+ --> pi(+)vv. To do this, CKM will need to reject the far more copious decay K+ --> pi(+)pi(0) --> pi(+)gammagamma by a factor of more than 10 billion. Much of this rejection will come from the detection of either or both of the photons by our photon veto system. The main CKM photon veto system is based on 80-layer sandwiches of 1-mm Pb and 5-mm fast scintillator with wavelength shifting fibers inside a vacuum decay volume, read out with photomultiplier tubes outside the vacuum. We describe the design of the CKM photon veto system and the testing of a prototype in an electron beam at Jefferson National Laboratory, demonstrating an order of magnitude better performance than the required 3 x 10(-5) inefficiency for a 1 GeV electromagnetic shower. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ramberg, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2201 EP 2204 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836738 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900047 ER PT J AU Binkley, M Mukherjee, A Stuermer, W Wagner, RL AF Binkley, M Mukherjee, A Stuermer, W Wagner, RL TI High-voltage crowbar protection for the large CDF axial drift chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE gas detectors; high-voltage techniques; insulated gate bipolar transistors; ionization chambers; nuclear physics; switching systems; thyristors AB The central outer tracker (COT) is a big cylindrical drift chamber that provides charged particle tracking for the collider detector at Fermilab experiment. To protect the COT, the large stored energy, in the high-voltage (HV) system needs to be removed quickly when a problem is sensed. For the HV switch, a special-order silicon-controlled- rectifier was chosen over more readily available integrated gate bipolar transistors because of layout and reliability questions. The considerations concerning the HV switch, the prototype performance, and the experience of more than two years of running are described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Binkley, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM binkley@fnal.gov; mukherjee@fnal.gov; stuermer@fnal.gov; wagner@fnal.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2205 EP 2208 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835558 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900048 ER PT J AU Lu, RS Akimoto, T Aoki, M Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, CI Derylo, G Fang, I Feng, EJ Fernandez, JP Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Haber, C Hale, D Hara, K Harr, R Hill, C Hoff, J Holbrook, B Hong, SC Hrycyk, M Hsiung, TH Incandela, J Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Junk, T Kahkola, H Karjalainen, S Kim, S Kobayashi, K Kong, DJ Krieger, B Kruse, M Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Lander, R Landry, T Lauhakangas, R Lee, J Lujan, RJ Lukens, P Mandelli, E Manea, C Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Min, SN Moccia, S Nakano, I Nelson, T Nord, B Novak, J Okusawa, T Orava, R Orlov, Y Osterberg, K Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Riipinen, P Schuyler, B Shenai, A Soha, A Stuart, D Tanaka, R Tavi, M Von der Lippe, H Walder, JP Wang, Z Weber, M Wester, W Yamamoto, K Yang, YC Yao, W Yao, W Yarema, R Yun, JC Zetti, F Zimmerman, T Zimmermann, S Zucchelli, S AF Lu, RS Akimoto, T Aoki, M Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, CI Derylo, G Fang, I Feng, EJ Fernandez, JP Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Haber, C Hale, D Hara, K Harr, R Hill, C Hoff, J Holbrook, B Hong, SC Hrycyk, M Hsiung, TH Incandela, J Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Junk, T Kahkola, H Karjalainen, S Kim, S Kobayashi, K Kong, DJ Krieger, B Kruse, M Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Lander, R Landry, T Lauhakangas, R Lee, J Lujan, RJ Lukens, P Mandelli, E Manea, C Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Min, SN Moccia, S Nakano, I Nelson, T Nord, B Novak, J Okusawa, T Orava, R Orlov, Y Osterberg, K Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Riipinen, P Schuyler, B Shenai, A Soha, A Stuart, D Tanaka, R Tavi, M Von der Lippe, H Walder, JP Wang, Z Weber, M Wester, W Yamamoto, K Yang, YC Yao, W Yao, W Yarema, R Yun, JC Zetti, F Zimmerman, T Zimmermann, S Zucchelli, S TI CDF run IIb silicon: Design and testing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) Run IIb; performance; silicon strip detector; stave design; SVX4 ID DETECTOR AB The various generations of Silicon Vertex Detectors (SVX, SVX', SVXII) for Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) at the Fermilab Tevatron have been fundamental tools for heavy-flavor tagging via secondary vertex detection. The CDF Run IIb Silicon Vertex Detector (SVXIIb) has been designed to be a radiation-tolerant replacement for the currently installed SVXII because SVXII was not expected to survive the Tevatron luminosity anticipated for Run IIb. One major change in the new design is the use of a single mechanical and electrical element throughout the array. This element, called a stave, carries six single-sided silicon sensors on each side and is built using carbon fiber skins with a high thermal conductivity on a foam core with a built-in cooling channel. A Kapton bus cable carries power, data and control signals underneath the silicon sensors on each side of the stave. Sensors are read out in pairs via a ceramic hybrid glued on one of the sensors and equipped with four SVX4 readout chips. This new design concept leads to a very compact mechanical and electrical unit, allowing streamlined production and ease of testing and installation. A description of the design and mechanical performance of the stave is given. Results on the electrical performance obtained using prototype staves are also presented. C1 Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Padua, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Pohjois Savo Polytech, FIN-70201 Kuopio, Finland. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Lu, RS (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. EM rslu@fnal.gov RI Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2209 EP 2214 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835715 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900049 ER PT J AU Merkel, P Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Bisello, D Busetto, G Hara, K Kim, S Manea, C Wang, Z Behari, S Maksimovic, P Benjamin, D Cabrera, S Kruse, M Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Canepa, A Fernandez, JP Booth, P Cooke, P Cascella, M Cardoso, G Derylo, G Flaugher, B Hrycyk, M Kuznetsova, N Lukens, P Nelson, T Orlov, Y Wester, W Yun, JC Chertok, M Holbrook, B Lander, R Landry, T Pellett, D Soha, A Yao, W Ciobanu, CI Junk, T Feng, EJ Freeman, J Galtieri, L Garcia-Sciveres, M Haber, C Lujan, PJ Mandelli, E Weber, M Yao, W Zetti, F Zimmermann, S Goldstein, J Harr, R Hill, C Himmel, A Incandela, J Stuart, D Kobayashi, K Nakano, I Tanaka, R Kong, DJ Yang, YC Lauhakangas, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Lu, RS Min, SN Okusawa, T Yamamoto, K Tavi, M Zucchelli, S Hong, SC Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Lee, J AF Merkel, P Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Bisello, D Busetto, G Hara, K Kim, S Manea, C Wang, Z Behari, S Maksimovic, P Benjamin, D Cabrera, S Kruse, M Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Canepa, A Fernandez, JP Booth, P Cooke, P Cascella, M Cardoso, G Derylo, G Flaugher, B Hrycyk, M Kuznetsova, N Lukens, P Nelson, T Orlov, Y Wester, W Yun, JC Chertok, M Holbrook, B Lander, R Landry, T Pellett, D Soha, A Yao, W Ciobanu, CI Junk, T Feng, EJ Freeman, J Galtieri, L Garcia-Sciveres, M Haber, C Lujan, PJ Mandelli, E Weber, M Yao, W Zetti, F Zimmermann, S Goldstein, J Harr, R Hill, C Himmel, A Incandela, J Stuart, D Kobayashi, K Nakano, I Tanaka, R Kong, DJ Yang, YC Lauhakangas, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Lu, RS Min, SN Okusawa, T Yamamoto, K Tavi, M Zucchelli, S Hong, SC Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Lee, J TI CDF Run IIb silicon detector: The innermost layer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE CDF Run IIb; noise; performance; silicon strip detector AB The innermost layer (L00) of the Run IIa silicon detector of CDF was planned to be replaced for the high luminosity Tevatron upgrade of Run IIb. This new silicon layer (L0) is designed to be a radiation tolerant replacement for the otherwise very similar L00 from Run IIa. The data are read out via long, fine-pitch, low-mass cables allowing the hybrids with the chips to sit at higher z(similar to 70 cm), outside of the tracking volume. The design and first results from the prototyping phase are presented. Special focus is placed on the amount and the structure of induced noise as well as signal-to-noise values. C1 Univ Padua, I-35122 Padua, Italy. INF Padua, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Univ Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 5588585, Japan. PSPT, Kuopio, Finland. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Merkel, P (reprint author), Univ Padua, I-35122 Padua, Italy. RI Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Cascella, Michele/B-6156-2013; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Cascella, Michele/0000-0003-2091-2501; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2215 EP 2219 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835876 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900050 ER PT J AU Karcher, A Bebek, CJ Kolbe, WF Maurath, D Prasad, V Uslenghi, M Wagner, M AF Karcher, A Bebek, CJ Kolbe, WF Maurath, D Prasad, V Uslenghi, M Wagner, M TI Measurement of lateral charge diffusion in thick, fully depleted, back-illuminated CCDs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE charge coupled devices; charge diffusion; fully depleted; optical transfer functions; p-channel ID SILICON AB Lateral charge diffusion in back-illuminated CCDs directly affects the point spread function (PSF) and spatial resolution of an imaging device. This can be of particular concern in thick, back-illuminated CCDs. We describe a technique of measuring this diffusion and present PSF measurements for an 800 x 1100, 15 mum pixel, 280 mum thick, back-illuminated, p-channel CCD that can be over-depleted. The PSF is measured over a wavelength range of 450 nm to 650 nm and at substrate bias voltages between 6 V and 80 V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fach Hsch Karlsruhe, Hsch Tech, Dept Sensorsyst Technol, D-76012 Karlsruhe, Germany. Inst Fis Cosm, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Bebek, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cjbebek@lbl.gov OI Uslenghi, Michela/0000-0002-7585-8605 NR 4 TC 21 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2231 EP 2237 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.834721 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900053 ER PT J AU Ziock, KP Craig, WW Fabris, L Lanza, RC Gallagher, S Horn, BKP Madden, NW AF Ziock, KP Craig, WW Fabris, L Lanza, RC Gallagher, S Horn, BKP Madden, NW TI Large area imaging detector for long-range, passive detection of fissile material SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE coded aperture imager; gamma-ray detectors; gamma-ray imagers; radiation source search ID UNIFORMLY REDUNDANT ARRAYS; GAMMA-RAY; X-RAY AB Recent events highlight the increased risk of a terrorist attack using either a nuclear or a radiological weapon. One of the key needs to counter such a threat is long-range detection of nuclear material. Theoretically, gamma-ray emissions from such material should allow passive detection to distances greater than 100 m. However, detection at this range has long been thought impractical due to spatially fluctuating levels of natural background radiation. These fluctuations are the major source of uncertainty in detection and mean that sensitivity cannot be increased simply by increasing detector size. Recent work has shown that this problem can be overcome through the use of imaging techniques. In this paper we describe the background problems, the advantages of imaging and the construction of a prototype, large-area (0.57 m(2)) gamma-ray imager to detect nuclear materials at distances of similar to100 m. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Ziock, KP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ziockl@llnl.gov; lanza@mit.edu; bkph@ai.mit.edu RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 13 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2238 EP 2244 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836117 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900054 ER PT J AU Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T AF Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T TI Single electron amplification in a single-MCP plus micromegas plus pads" detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE gaseous micromegas and MCP-based detectors; micro-pattern detectors; photon detectors AB We have tested a new gaseous detector structure based on a tandem of two parts, the first one is a single MCP plate (sometimes called the Microchannel plate or capillary plates), and the second one is a Micromegas with pad readout. The new detector responds very well to a single electron signal, both in helium-based and argon-based gases, and it can reach a very large gain. Our overall aim is to couple the proposed electrode structure to a Bial-kali photocathode. The main advantage of this avenue of research is that such a detector would operate easily in a very large magnetic field, and it could achieve excellent position resolution and large pixelization, compared to existing vacuum-based MCP-PMT detectors. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jjv@slac.stanford.edu NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2262 EP 2266 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836064 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900058 ER PT J AU Stephens, DL Peurrung, AJ AF Stephens, DL Peurrung, AJ TI Detection of moving radioactive sources using sensor networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE moving radioactive sources; networks; radiation detectors; sensor networks AB A variety of recent applications have led to a great interest in the development and application of sensor networks with the goal of providing more effective detection of moving radioactive sources. This paper endeavors to analyze and evaluate the costs and benefits associated with the use of a network of radiation detectors for applications involving the detection of a moving radioactive source. This analysis is restricted to the one-dimensional case, i.e., to the case where the moving source is constrained to move along a single path. It is found that the relative advantage resulting from sensor dispersal depends upon the goals, objectives, and constraints of the measurement scenario. The dispersal of sensors into a network may be advisable or required for operational reasons, but from a statistical perspective does not directly lead to improved performance in terms of detection efficiency and false detection rate. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stephens, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniel.stephens@pnl.gov; aj.peurrung@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2273 EP 2278 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.834713 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900060 ER PT J AU Re, V Kirkby, D Bruinsma, M Berryhill, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beringer, J Beck, T Eisner, AM Grothe, M Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Seiden, A Spradlin, P Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Charles, E Clark, AR Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Lillard, V Roberts, D Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, A Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Walsh, J Elmer, P Burchat, P Cheng, C Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Rashevskaia, L Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Datta, M Liu, R Mihalyi, A AF Re, V Kirkby, D Bruinsma, M Berryhill, J Burke, S Callahan, D Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Hale, D Hart, P Kyre, S Levy, S Long, O Mazur, M Richman, J Stoner, J Verkerke, W Beringer, J Beck, T Eisner, AM Grothe, M Lockman, WS Pulliam, T Seiden, A Spradlin, P Walkowiak, W Wilson, M Borean, C Bozzi, C Piemontese, L Breon, AB Brown, D Charles, E Clark, AR Dardin, S Goozen, F Kerth, LT Gritsan, A Lynch, G Perazzo, A Roe, NA Zizka, G Lillard, V Roberts, D Brenna, E Citterio, M Lanni, F Palombo, F Ratti, L Manfredi, PF Mandelli, E Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bosi, F Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Ceccanti, M Forti, F Gagliardi, D Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Mammini, P Marchiori, G Morganti, A Morsani, F Neri, N Paoloni, E Profeti, A Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Simi, G Walsh, J Elmer, P Burchat, P Cheng, C Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Bona, M Bianchi, F Gamba, D Trapani, P Bosisio, L Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Rashevskaia, L Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Datta, M Liu, R Mihalyi, A TI Performance, radiation damage, and future plans of the BABAR silicon vertex tracker SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE BABAR; radiation damage; silicon vertex tracker (SVT) AB The BABAR silicon vertex tracker (SVT) has been in operation for four years at the PEP-II electron-positron storage ring. During this time the SVT modules have accumulated a radiation dose up to 2 Mrad. We study the degradation in the performance of the SVT due to this accumulated dose which is highly non uniform across the device and also within the individual silicon detectors. To extrapolate the performance of the device to the future we study separately the effect of the irradiation on silicon detectors, front end integrated circuits and on a complete detector module under controlled radiation conditions, using a(60) Co source and a 0.9 GeV e(-) beam. We compare the results to the data from the SVT. In particular we show the dependence of the charge collection efficiency on the radiation dose even when a small stripe of the module is irradiated up to space charge sign inversion. Since the modules that are located in the plane of the beams will suffer significant radiation damage, we will describe our plans for their replacement in 2005 and for the operation of the SVT through the lifetime of the BABAR experiment. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Bergamo, I-24100 Bergamo, Italy. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Simi, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM simi@slac.stanford.edu RI Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Rizzo, Giuliana/A-8516-2015; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; OI Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Re, Valerio/0000-0003-0697-3420; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Bettarini, Stefano/0000-0001-7742-2998; Rizzo, Giuliana/0000-0003-1788-2866; RATTI, LODOVICO/0000-0003-1906-1076; Paoloni, Eugenio/0000-0001-5969-8712; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lanceri, Livio/0000-0001-8220-3095 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2298 EP 2301 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836092 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900065 ER PT J AU Shah, KS Glodo, J Klugerman, M Higgins, W Gupta, T Wong, P Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Weber, MJ Dorenbos, P AF Shah, KS Glodo, J Klugerman, M Higgins, W Gupta, T Wong, P Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Weber, MJ Dorenbos, P TI LuI3: Ce - A new scintillator for gamma ray spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB In this paper, we report on a new cerium doped, high atomic number scintillator, LuI3:Ce, for gamma ray spectroscopy. Crystals of this material have been grown using Bridgman process. LuI3 crystals doped with 0.5 and 5% Ce3+ show high light output (similar to50 000 photons/MeV) and fast principal decay constant (23 to 31 ns). The Ce3+ emission peaks at 474 nm. Energy resolution of LuI3:Ce coupled to photomultiplier tube (PMT) and measured at 662 keV was similar to11% [full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)]. Timing resolution of LuI3-PMT and BaF2-PMT detectors operating in coincidence mode was measured to be 210 ps (FWHM). Potential applications of this scintillator are discussed. C1 Radiat Monitoring Devices, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. RP Radiat Monitoring Devices, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM kshah@rmdinc.com NR 9 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2302 EP 2305 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.832321 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900066 ER PT J AU Chen, W Gatti, E Rehak, P AF Chen, W Gatti, E Rehak, P TI P-type one-sided hexagonal spiral drift detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE radiation damage; silicon drift detector; X-ray detection AB A new P-type drift detector (PDD) with one-sided hexagonal spiral shaped cathodes around the center anode has been designed, simulated, constructed and tested. The signal in PDD is generated by the transport of holes (instead of electrons as in an n-type drift detector) in the bulk of the detector and their arrival to the anode. Large arrays of drift cells are required for the extended X-ray absorption fine structure experiments (EXAFS). The large number of cells forces the design of the drift cell with a minimal number of bonds per cell. The presented design creates the drift field by the spiral-based voltage divider. Moreover, the leakage current created at the depleted part of the detector surface is also collected without an external connection to the cell. The leakage current is collected directly on the inner terminal of the divider. The lithographic processes of the wafer are done only on one side resulting in a much faster fabrication. The lithography-less side of the detector was uniformly implanted with phosphorus creating a shallow, rectifying p(-)n(+) junction. This side is exposed to the radiation. Positive charges in the native oxide help to keep the thickness of the dead entrance layer at the minimum. Moreover, this layer is not sensitive to the radiation damage caused by very low energy X-rays that do not damage the silicon structure and produce only additional positive charge in the oxide. For the first time, the design makes an active usage of the positive charge in the oxide as a rectifying junction on p-type silicon. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Politecn Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM weichen@bnl.gov; gatti@elet.polimi.it; rehak@bnl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2306 EP 2312 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.834711 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900067 ER PT J AU Kleinfelder, S Bieser, F Chen, YD Gareus, R Matis, HS Oldenburg, M Retiere, F Ritter, HG Wieman, HH Yamamoto, E AF Kleinfelder, S Bieser, F Chen, YD Gareus, R Matis, HS Oldenburg, M Retiere, F Ritter, HG Wieman, HH Yamamoto, E TI Novel integrated CMOS sensor circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE active pixel sensor; active rest; correlated double sampling; kT/C noise; photogate; vertex detector ID CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKING; ACTIVE PIXEL SENSOR; ARRAYS AB Three novel integrated CMOS active pixel sensor circuits for vertex detector applications have been designed with the goal of increased signal-to-noise ratio and speed. First, a large-area native epitaxial silicon photogate sensor was designed to increase the charge collected per hit pixel and to reduce charge diffusion to neighboring pixels. High charge to voltage conversion is maintained by subsequent charge transfer to a low capacitance readout node. Second, a per-pixel correlated double sampling kT/C reset noise reduction circuit was tested. It requires only one read, as compared to two for typical double sampling in active pixel sensors, and no off-pixel storage or subtraction is needed. The technique reduced input-referred temporal noise by a factor of 2.5 to a measured 15.6 e(-), rms. Finally, a column-level active reset technique was designed that suppresses kT/C reset noise. It reduced noise by up to a factor of 7.6, to an estimated 8.3 input-referred electrons, rms. The technique also dramatically reduces fixed pattern (pedestal) noise, by up to a factor of 21. This may reduce pixel-by-pixel pedestal differences enough to permit sparse data scan without per-pixel offset corrections. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 92720 USA. RP Kleinfelder, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM stuartk@uci.edu NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2328 EP 2336 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.836150 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900070 ER PT J AU Tojo, J Aoki, K En'yo, H Fukao, Y Goto, Y Heuser, JM Li, Z Ohnishi, H Okada, H Radeka, V Rykov, VL Saito, N Sakuma, E Sekimoto, M Tanida, K Togawa, M Watanabe, Y AF Tojo, J Aoki, K En'yo, H Fukao, Y Goto, Y Heuser, JM Li, Z Ohnishi, H Okada, H Radeka, V Rykov, VL Saito, N Sakuma, E Sekimoto, M Tanida, K Togawa, M Watanabe, Y TI Development of a novel silicon stripixel detector for RHIC-PHENIX detector upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE PHENIX; relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC); silicon detector; stripixel detector; vertex detector AB A new single-sided silicon strip detector has been developed for the silicon vertex tracker of the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The novel "stripixel" detector concept developed by the BNL Instrumentation Division was applied to the first prototype silicon sensor. The novel feature of the stripixel concept is two-dimensional (2-D) position sensitivity with single-sided processing achieved by charge sharing between two interleaved electrodes in one pixel. Signals are read out projectively by double layers of aluminum strips. The first prototype stripixel sensors with the size of 34.3 x 64.6 mm and thickness of 250 and 400 mum were fabricated. The detector with readout electronics was constructed to evaluate the prototype sensor performance by using an analog multiplexer chip with charge sensitive preamplifier-shaper circuits (VA2 chip of IDEAS). The sensor performance on charge sharing, detection efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, and position resolution has been tested with a radioactive source and a GeV particle beam at KEK-PS. The stripixel detector concept, the specification of the first prototype stripixel sensor, and the test results are presented. C1 RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tojo, J (reprint author), RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM tojo@fiken.jp RI En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2337 EP 2340 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.837417 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900071 ER PT J AU Bussat, JM Fadley, CS Ludewigt, BA Meddeler, GJ Nambu, A Press, M Spieler, H Turko, B West, M Zizka, GJ AF Bussat, JM Fadley, CS Ludewigt, BA Meddeler, GJ Nambu, A Press, M Spieler, H Turko, B West, M Zizka, GJ TI A next generation, high speed detector for synchrotron radiation research SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE detector; electron spectroscopy; high-speed; integrated circuit; one-dimensional; multichannel plate (MCP) AB A high-speed, one-dimensional detector array for electrons and UV/X-ray photons has been developed. The detector is capable of handling the high countrates encountered in at third generation synchrotron radiation sources and is free from nonlinearity problems present in charge coupled device (CCD) detectors. Electrons are counted by a configuration of microchannel plates, an array of charge collection electrodes, and custom-designed integrated circuits (IC) assembled on a ceramic hybrid. The charges are collected on 768 strips with a 48 mum pitch that are wire-bonded to 6 pairs of signal processing ICs. Each front-end IC has 128 channels of amplifiers (peaking time 25 ns) and discriminators. The puise-pair resolution is 50 ns leading to a maximum linear countrate/channel of 2 MHz. The second, custom-designed IC features 24-b buffered counters and a serial link for the transfer of commands and data. A possible deadtime-less readout of all channels in 150 mus opens the door to time resolved experiments. The complete detector system includes the high-voltage power supply, a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based data acquisition system, and supporting software. Special care has been taken to insure reliable operation in an ultra-high vacuum environment. The detector architecture and design is described and measured performance characteristics such as spatial resolution and count-rate linearity are presented. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Chem, Tokyo, Japan. RP Bussat, JM (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JMBussat@lbl.gov; fadley@physics.ucdavis.edu; nambu@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2341 EP 2346 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835706 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900072 ER PT J AU Hu, YA Anderson, J Angstadt, R Babukhadia, L Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Borcherding, F Connolly, B Cooke, M Desai, S Evans, D Grannis, P Grunendahl, S Hensel, C Jain, V Johnson, M Kopal, M Linn, S Lizarazo, J Maravin, Y Martin, M Mutaf, Y Noding, C Olsen, J Ramirez-Gomez, R Rapisarda, S Stevenson, K Tomoto, M Vachon, B Wijnen, T Wilcer, N Wilson, G Xu, Q Yip, K AF Hu, YA Anderson, J Angstadt, R Babukhadia, L Bhattacharjee, M Blazey, G Borcherding, F Connolly, B Cooke, M Desai, S Evans, D Grannis, P Grunendahl, S Hensel, C Jain, V Johnson, M Kopal, M Linn, S Lizarazo, J Maravin, Y Martin, M Mutaf, Y Noding, C Olsen, J Ramirez-Gomez, R Rapisarda, S Stevenson, K Tomoto, M Vachon, B Wijnen, T Wilcer, N Wilson, G Xu, Q Yip, K TI The central track trigger of the DO experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE fiber tracker; particle detector; Trigger ID DETECTOR AB The general purpose DO collider detector, located at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, is operated in the high luminosity (L = 2 X 10(32) cm(-2) s(-1)) and high-collision-rate environment (396 ns between beam crossings) of the upgraded Tevatron proton anti-proton accelerator. DO uses a three-tiered trigger system to select events for offline storage and analysis. This paper describes the architecture and performance of the DO central track trigger (CTT) system based on the new central fiber tracker, central preshower and forward preshower detectors, with emphasis on the interface to and integration with the second tier L2 Trigger system. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. No Illinois Univ, NICADD, NIU, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Rice Univ, TW Bonner Nucl Lab, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Los Andes, Dept Fis, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6546 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hu, YA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM huy@fnal.gov RI Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2368 EP 2372 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.836090 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900077 ER PT J AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M TI Trigger processor algorithm for a tracking detector in a solenoidal magnetic field SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE field programmable gate arrays; program processors; tracking filters; triggering ID 1ST LEVEL AB This paper describes a method of calculating triggers for a cylindrical multilayer tracking detector in a solenoidal magnetic field. The method is serial and requires one clock cycle per layer. It has two main advantages over a logical equation approach. First, missing track elements have no effect on the amount of calculation required and the resolution degrades in a predictable manner. Second, this method allows implementing information from the third (nonbend) coordinate as a simple extension to the basic algorithm. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mjohnson@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2373 EP 2378 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.836066 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900078 ER PT J AU Mitani, T Tanaka, T Nakazawa, K Takahashi, T Takashima, T Tajima, H Nakamura, H Nomachi, M Nakamoto, T Fukazawa, Y AF Mitani, T Tanaka, T Nakazawa, K Takahashi, T Takashima, T Tajima, H Nakamura, H Nomachi, M Nakamoto, T Fukazawa, Y TI A prototype Si/CdTe Compton camera and the polarization measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE CdTe; Compton camera; polarimeter; semiconductor detectors ID GAMMA-RAY TELESCOPE; CDTE DIODE; DETECTORS; RESOLUTION; ASTRONOMY; PERFORMANCE; SCATTERING; ENERGY AB A Compton camera is the most promising approach for gamma-ray detection in the energy region from several hundred kiloelectronvolts to megaelectronvolts, especially for application in high energy astrophysics. In order to obtain good angular resolution, semiconductor detectors such as silicon, germanium and cadmium telluride(CdTe) have several advantages over scintillation detectors, which have been used so far. Based on the recent advances of high resolution CdTe and silicon imaging detectors, we are working on a Si/CdTe Compton camera. We have developed 64-pixel CdTe detectors with a pixel size of 2 mm x 2 mm and double-sided Si strip detectors(DSSDs) with a position resolution of 800 mum. As a prototype Si/CdTe Compton camera, we use a DSSD as a scatterer and two CdTe pixel detectors as an absorber. In order to verify its performance, we irradiate the camera with 100% linearly polarized 170 keV gamma-rays and demonstrate the system works properly as a Compton camera. The resolution of the reconstructed scattering angle is 22degrees(full-width at half-maximum). Measurement of polarization is also reported. The polarimetric modulation factor is obtained to be 43 %, which is consistent with the prediction of Monte Carlo simulations. C1 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Osaka Univ, Nucl Studies Lab, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. RP Mitani, T (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. EM mitani@astro.isas.jaxa.jp NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2432 EP 2437 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.835653 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900087 ER PT J AU Alexopoulos, T Avramidou, R Bratzler, U Dris, M Fassouliotis, D Filippas, A Gazis, EN Katsoufis, E Kokkoris, M Kossionidis, E Maltezos, S Perdikakis, G Polychronakos, V Savva, PS Stavropoulos, G Tsipolitis, G Tzamarioudaki, E AF Alexopoulos, T Avramidou, R Bratzler, U Dris, M Fassouliotis, D Filippas, A Gazis, EN Katsoufis, E Kokkoris, M Kossionidis, E Maltezos, S Perdikakis, G Polychronakos, V Savva, PS Stavropoulos, G Tsipolitis, G Tzamarioudaki, E TI Measurement of the monitored drift tubes response to energetic neutrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE gas detectors; muon spectrometer; neutron beams; neutron response; particle detector AB We have measured the response of an array of ATLAS muon spectrometer drift tubes to fast neutrons, produced by a t(d, n)He-4 reaction at the 5.5-MV TANDEM Van de Graaff accelerator of the National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos." The setup consisted of 24 drift tubes in a 6 x 4 arrangement. The neutron energy was 18.3 MeV. The anode wire voltage varied from 2200 to 2800 V. For a neutron flux of about 2.75 kHZ/cm(2), the drift tube sensitivity to 18.3-MeV neutrons ranged from 0.031 % to 0.606 % for anode voltages between 2200 and 2800 V, respectively. C1 Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15780 Athens, Greece. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. NCSR Demokritos, Dept Phys Nucl, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alexopoulos, T (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Phys, GR-15780 Athens, Greece. EM savvapan@central.ntua.gr RI Perdikakis, Georgios/K-4525-2014 OI Perdikakis, Georgios/0000-0002-8539-8737 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2448 EP 2452 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.836055 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900090 ER PT J AU Rehak, P AF Rehak, P TI Silicon radiation detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE silicon drift detectors; solid-state radiation detectors; silicon X-ray spectroscopy ID X-RAY-DETECTORS; DRIFT DETECTORS AB The rapid progress of the past 20 years in silicon radiation detectors is reviewed. The availability of silicon as an almost ideal semiconductor material is one of the main reasons for this progress. The well-defined properties of the silicon-silicon dioxide interface allowed the development of detector structures beyond the structure of a classical diode detector, which was practically the only silicon detector structure 20 years ago. All new structures make use of an electric field parallel to the large surface of the detector. Improvements in the production of silicon detectors has lead to a substantial decrease of the detector leakage current. These detectors can achieve their best performance very close to or at room temperature. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Rehak, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. EM rehak@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2492 EP 2497 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.836062 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862KZ UT WOS:000224490900097 ER PT J AU Moses, WW Choong, WS Derenzo, SE Bross, AD Dysert, R Rykalin, VV Shah, KS AF Moses, WW Choong, WS Derenzo, SE Bross, AD Dysert, R Rykalin, VV Shah, KS TI Observation of fast scintillation of cryogenic PbI2 with VLPCs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE time of flight; positron emission tomography (PET); cryogenic lead iodide (PbI2); visible light photon counter (VLPC) ID IODIDE; DEPENDENCE; DETECTORS; CRYSTAL AB At cryogenic temperatures (similar to 10 K), undoped lead iodide (PbI2) has material and scintillation properties that are very attractive for positron emission tomorgraphy (PET). However, the PbI2 emissions are quenched at temperatures >40 K, so close optical coupling between the scintillator and photodetector requires a photodetector that also operates at cryogenic temperatures. This suggests the visible light photon counter (VLPC), which operates at similar temperatures and combines high gain and high quantum efficiency. We proximity couple (0.001 in air gap) PbI2 crystals with 1.0-2.5 mm dimensions to a 1 mm diameter VLPC and cool the system to 8.5 K. Signals with short (< 10 ns) duration are observed. When excited with 511 keV photons, a coincidence timing resolution of 1.3 ns full-width at half-maximum is measured. While a clear photopeak is observed for 122 keV excitation, no clear photopeak is seen under 511 keV excitation (possibly due to the poor optical quality of the PbI2 crystals). While the present configuration must be scaled-up considerably, a cryogenic Pbl(2)NLPC combination may eventually become the basis for a practical time-of-flight PET camera. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. No Illinois Univ, No Illinois Ctr Accelerator & Detector Dev, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RMD Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. RP Moses, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wwmoses@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2533 EP 2536 DI 10.1109/tns.2004.835772 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LB UT WOS:000224491100006 ER PT J AU Vaska, P Woody, CL Schlyer, DJ Shokouhi, S Stoll, SP Pratte, JF O'Connor, P Junnarkar, SS Rescia, S Yu, B Purschke, M Kandasamy, A Villanueva, A Kriplani, A Radeka, V Volkow, N Lecomte, R Fontaine, R AF Vaska, P Woody, CL Schlyer, DJ Shokouhi, S Stoll, SP Pratte, JF O'Connor, P Junnarkar, SS Rescia, S Yu, B Purschke, M Kandasamy, A Villanueva, A Kriplani, A Radeka, V Volkow, N Lecomte, R Fontaine, R TI RatCAP: Miniaturized head-mounted PET for conscious rodent brain imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biomedical applications of nuclear radiation; biomedical nuclear imaging; gamma-ray detectors; motion compensation; nervous system; positron emission tomography (PET) ID PERFORMANCE EVALUATION; MICROPET; SCANNER; ANESTHESIA AB Anesthesia is currently required for positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the animal brain in order to eliminate motion artifacts. However, anesthesia profoundly affects the neurological state of the animal, complicating the interpretation of PET data. Furthermore, it precludes the use of PET to study the brain during normal behavior. The rat conscious animal PET tomograph (RatCAP) is designed to eliminate the need for anesthesia in rat brain studies. It is a miniaturized full-ring PET scanner that is attached directly to the head, imaging nearly the entire brain. RatCAP utilizes arrays of 2 mm x 2 mm LSO crystals coupled to matching avalanche photodiode arrays, which are in turn read out by full custom integrated circuits. Principal challenges have been addressed considering the physical constraints on size, weight, and heat generation in addition to the usual requirements of small-animal PET, such as high spatial resolution in the presence of parallax error. A partial prototype has been constructed and preliminary measurements and optimization completed. Realistic Monte Carlo simulations have also been carried out to optimize system performance, which is predicted to be competitive with existing microPET systems. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Vaska, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vaska@bnl.gov RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; LECOMTE, Roger/0000-0002-8541-0783 NR 15 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2718 EP 2722 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835740 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LB UT WOS:000224491100032 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Tangyunyong, P Hill, TA Soden, JM Flores, RS Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Hash, GL AF Shaneyfelt, MR Tangyunyong, P Hill, TA Soden, JM Flores, RS Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Hash, GL TI Identification of radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths using light emission microscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE integrated circuit reliability; integrated circuit testing; light emission microscopy; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation response; total dose ID INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS AB Eliminating radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths in integrated circuits (ICs) is key to improving their total dose hardness. Semiconductor manufacturers can use a combination of design and/or process techniques to eliminate known radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths. However, unknown or critical radiation-induced parasitic leakage may still exist on fully processed ICs and it is extremely difficult (if not impossible) to identify these leakage paths based on radiation induced parametric degradation. We show that light emission, microscopy can be used to identify the location of radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths in ICs. This is illustrated by using light emission microscopy to find radiation-induced parasitic leakage paths in partially-depleted silicon on insulator static random-access memories (SRAMs). Once leakage paths were identified, modifications were made to the SRAM design to improve the total dose radiation hardness of the SRAMs. Light emission microscopy should prove to be an important tool for the development of future radiation hardened technologies and devices. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2782 EP 2786 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835074 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400011 ER PT J AU Castellani-Coulie, K Sagnes, B Saigne, F Palau, JM Calvet, MC Dodd, PE Sexton, EW AF Castellani-Coulie, K Sagnes, B Saigne, F Palau, JM Calvet, MC Dodd, PE Sexton, EW TI Study of an SOISRAM sensitivity to SEU by 3-D device simulation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE sensitive regions; silicon on insulator (SOI); single event upset (SEU); static random-access memory (SRAM) AB Silicon on insulator static random-access memory cell sensitivity to single event upset is studied. Currents and sensitive regions are then considered. Because of the buried oxide, the main part of these results appears to be different to that for bulk technologies. C1 Univ Aix Marseille, F-13384 Marseille 13, France. EADSST, F-78133 Les Mureaux, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, Ctr Elect & Microoptoelect Montpellier, Equipe Elect & Rayonnements, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Castellani-Coulie, K (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille, F-13384 Marseille 13, France. EM karine.castellani@up.univ-mrs.fr; sagnes@cem2.univ-montp2.fr; saigne@cem2.univ-montp2.fr; palau@cem2.univ-montp2.fr; marie-catherine.calvet@launchers.eads.net; pedodd@sandia.gov; sextonfw@sandia.gov RI Castellani-Coulie, Karine/G-7727-2011 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2799 EP 2804 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835076 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400014 ER PT J AU Koga, R George, J Swift, G Yui, C Edmonds, L Carmichael, C Langley, T Murray, P Lanes, K Napier, M AF Koga, R George, J Swift, G Yui, C Edmonds, L Carmichael, C Langley, T Murray, P Lanes, K Napier, M TI Comparison of Xilinx Virtex-II FPGA SEE sensitivities to protons and heavy ions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 15-19, 2003 CL Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS SP European Space Agcy DE field programmable gate array (FPGA); heavy ion radiation effects; proton radiation effects; semiconductor device testing; single event effects ID UPSET; MODEL; RATES AB A comparison of heavy-ion and proton-induced single event effect sensitivities has been made using the Xilinx Virtex-II field programmable gate array (FPGA). Recently fabricated test samples are selected for observations of single event upset and single event functional interrupt. A complex relationship appears to exist between the heavy ion and proton sensitivities due to effects such as multiple-bit upsets and elastic nuclear scattering. C1 Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Xilinx, San Jose, CA USA. SEAKR Engn, Centennial, CO 80111 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Koga, R (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM rocky.koga@aero.org; gary.swift@jpl.nasa.gov; carlc@xilinx.com; tlangley@seakr.com; krlanes@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 51 IS 5 BP 2825 EP 2833 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.835057 PN 3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 862LE UT WOS:000224491400018 ER PT J AU Dickens, JC Lehr, JM Mankowski, J AF Dickens, JC Lehr, JM Mankowski, J TI Fifth Special Issue on Pulsed Power Science and Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dickens, JC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1763 EP 1764 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.837321 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200001 ER PT J AU Reinovsky, RE Goforth, JH Graham, J AF Reinovsky, RE Goforth, JH Graham, J TI Surface-discharge switches for high-performance closing applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE pulsed power system switches; surface discharge; switch AB Results of experiments conducted to characterize the performance of a surface tracking switch employing surface discharge phenomena as a high-performance, self-closing, isolation switch for high-energy applications are described. These experiments, conducted under both do and pulsed conditions, lead to a model of switch operation that enables the design of such switches for multi-megampere operation. This paper describes the successful implementation of a surface tracking switch as an operational component in several high-current pulsed power systems, and offers some insight into the operation of surface-tracking switches that may assist in future work to apply the technique as a triggered switch in very-high-energy and high-voltage systems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Maxwell Labs Inc, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. RP Reinovsky, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bobr@lanl.gov; goforthjh@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1765 EP 1777 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835946 PN 1 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200002 ER PT J AU Woodworth, JR Lehr, JM Elizondo-Decanini, J Miller, PA Wakeland, P Kincy, M Garde, J Aragon, B Fowler, W Mowrer, G Maenchen, JE Sarkisov, GS Corley, J Hodge, K Drennan, S Guthrie, D Navarro, M Johnson, DL Ives, HC Slattery, MJ Muirhead, DA AF Woodworth, JR Lehr, JM Elizondo-Decanini, J Miller, PA Wakeland, P Kincy, M Garde, J Aragon, B Fowler, W Mowrer, G Maenchen, JE Sarkisov, GS Corley, J Hodge, K Drennan, S Guthrie, D Navarro, M Johnson, DL Ives, HC Slattery, MJ Muirhead, DA TI Optical and pressure diagnostics of 4-MV water switches in the Z-20 test facility SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE optical diagnostics; pulsed power; shock waves; water switches ID ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; SPARK AB We are studying the behavior of self-breaking, high-voltage water switches for the Z refurbishment project. In Z-20, three or four water switches in parallel are charged to 4 MV in similar to220 ns. The water gap between switch electrodes is 13-15 cm, and the enhancement of the positive and negative electrodes is varied to study time-evolution of the breakdown arcs; current sharing, and switch simultaneity. In addition to the standard electrical diagnostics (V, I), we are looking at one or more of the switches during the breakdown phase with two optical diagnostics: a streak camera and a fast framing camera. The streak camera has similar to1-ns resolution, and the framing camera provides seven frames with >5 ns exposure times. For identical electric fields, the streamers originating on the positive electrode form earlier and move more rapidly than the streamers originating on the negative electrode. We observe four distinct phases in the closure of the water switches that depend on the macroscopic electric fields in the water: 1) No streamers propagate at E-fields below similar to100 kV/cm from positive electrodes or voltages below similar to140 kV/cm for negative electrodes; 2) streamers propagate with constant velocity between 100 and similar to300 kV/cm; 3) above 300 kV/cm, the streamer velocities become linearly proportional to the electric field; 4) above 600 kV/cm, the velocity of streamers from the negative electrodes appears to saturate at similar to100 cm/mus. The velocity of the streamers from the positive electrode continues to increase with E-field, reaching similar to1% of the speed of light when the switch reaches closure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Titan Pulse Sci, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. Tech Serv Inc, EG&G, Albuquerque, NM 87119 USA. Boeing LTS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Woodworth, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1778 EP 1789 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835942 PN 1 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200003 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Sandberg, J Cutler, R Hahn, H Lambiase, R Lee, YY Mi, J Nehring, T Pai, C Rust, K Tsoupas, N Tuozzolo, J Warburton, D Wei, H Zhang, SY AF Zhang, W Sandberg, J Cutler, R Hahn, H Lambiase, R Lee, YY Mi, J Nehring, T Pai, C Rust, K Tsoupas, N Tuozzolo, J Warburton, D Wei, H Zhang, SY TI Development of the repetitive pulsed power system for spallation neutron source beam extraction fast kicker SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE accelerator power supplies; particle beam extraction; proton accelerators; pulse power systems AB The spallation neutron source (SNS) is a next-generation high-intensity beam facility. The extraction kicker system is a high peak power, high average power, high-precision pulse-waveform, low beam impedance, and high repetition rate pulsed power system. It has been successfully designed and developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY. The system consists of fourteen extraction magnet sections inside the ring vacuum chamber and fourteen identical high-voltage modulators located in the service building. The design features a Blumlein pulse-forming-network (PFN) based topology, a low beam impedance termination, a fast current switching thyratron, and low inductance capacitor banks. It has a maximum charging voltage of 50 kV, an open circuit output of 100 kV, and a designed maximum pulsed current output of 4 kA per modulator. The overall system output will reach multiple GW peak power with a 60 pulse/s repetition rate. A prototype modulator has been successfully built and tested well above the SNS requirement. The first batch of production modulators have passed all required tests at manufacture facility and delivered to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and the rest of the production units are under construction. The technical challenges and development results are presented in this paper. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM arling@bnl.gov RI Lambiase, Robert/E-1934-2013 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1945 EP 1952 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835947 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200026 ER PT J AU Lemons, DS Faehl, RJ AF Lemons, DS Faehl, RJ TI Asymmetry in fast Z-pinches with thin liners SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE magnetic compression; Z-pinch; Z-pinch liner AB We use a well-known, two-dimensional solution to Laplace's equation for the vector potential between two perfectly conducting, individually axisymmetric but mutually eccentric, current carrying cylinders to model the geometry and time evolution of an asymmetric Z-pinch. Cylinder eccentricity correlates with an azimuthal variation in the axial current, the magnetic field, and the force on the liner. The asymmetric force sums to a net force tending to restore the inner cylinder to concentricity. Complete pinch compression and concentricity are achieved simultaneously when the initial radius of the inner cylinder R, (0) is about 2/3 the radius of the outer return current cylinder R-o or, equivalently, when the initial liner inductance per unit length is about 0.82 (.) nH/cm. Compressing the liner onto a finite-sized cylindrical target boosts this critical ratio only up to R-i(0)/R-o approximate to 3/4. Recent and planned liner compression experiments are evaluated according to these criteria. C1 Bethel Coll, Dept Phys, N Newton, KS 67117 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lemons, DS (reprint author), Bethel Coll, Dept Phys, N Newton, KS 67117 USA. EM dlemons@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1953 EP 1959 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835965 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200027 ER PT J AU Faehl, RJ Anderson, BG Clark, DA Ekdahl, CA Goforth, JH Lindemuth, IR Reinovsky, RE Sheehey, PT Peterson, T Tabaka, LJ Chernyshev, VK Mokhov, VN Buzin, VN Burenkov, OM Buyko, AM Vakhrushev, VV Garanin, SF Grinevich, BE Ivanova, GG Demidov, VA Dudoladov, VI Zmushko, VV Kuzyaev, AI Kucherov, AI Lovyagin, BM Nizovtsev, PN Petrukhin, AA Pishurov, AI Sofronov, VN Sokolov, SS Solovyev, VP Startsev, AI Yakubov, VB Gubkov, EV AF Faehl, RJ Anderson, BG Clark, DA Ekdahl, CA Goforth, JH Lindemuth, IR Reinovsky, RE Sheehey, PT Peterson, T Tabaka, LJ Chernyshev, VK Mokhov, VN Buzin, VN Burenkov, OM Buyko, AM Vakhrushev, VV Garanin, SF Grinevich, BE Ivanova, GG Demidov, VA Dudoladov, VI Zmushko, VV Kuzyaev, AI Kucherov, AI Lovyagin, BM Nizovtsev, PN Petrukhin, AA Pishurov, AI Sofronov, VN Sokolov, SS Solovyev, VP Startsev, AI Yakubov, VB Gubkov, EV TI Results of a 100-megaampere liner. implosion experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE electromagnetic flux generator; liners; MHD calculations ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; Z-PINCHES; POWER; FLOW AB A very high-current liner implosion experiment was conducted, using an explosive magnetic-compression generator (EMG) to deliver a peak current of 102 +/- 3 MA, to implode a 4.0-mm-thick aluminum liner. Analysis of experimental data showed that the inner surface of the liner had attained a velocity of between 6.8-8.4 km/s, consistent with detailed numerical calculations. Both calculations and data were consistent with a final liner state that was still substantially solid at target impact time and had a total kinetic energy of over 20 MJ. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. All Russia Sci Inst Expt Phys, Sarov 607200, Nizhni Novgorod, Russia. RP Faehl, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rjf@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1972 EP 1985 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835471 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200030 ER PT J AU Weber, BV Hinshelwood, DD Murphy, DP Stephanakis, SJ Harper-Slaboszewicz, V AF Weber, BV Hinshelwood, DD Murphy, DP Stephanakis, SJ Harper-Slaboszewicz, V TI Plasma-filled diode for high dose-rate bremsstrahlung SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference CY JUN 15-18, 2003 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc DE bremsstrahlung; dose rate; plasma-filled diode (PFD); pulsed power ID OPENING SWITCH AB A plasma-filled diode (PFD) technique is described for producing high dose-rate bremsstrahlung over small areas. A PFD was developed for this purpose using the Gamble II generator. For maximum dose-rate conditions, the short-circuit phase duration was 40 ns, after which the voltage increased to 1.8 MV and the total current in the diode was 0.5 MA. The X-ray pulsewidth was 8 ns, much less than the typical 50 ns pulsewidth with a vacuum diode. This PFD was adapted to the higher-current Saturn generator at 6-8 MA by making a 10-cm diameter circular array of 6, 9, or 12 isolated PFDs. Higher dose rates were obtained using fewer PFDs; about 1 x 10(12) rad/s with the 12-PFD array, 2 x 10(12) with nine PFDs and 4 x 10(12) with 6 PFDs. Analyses based on electrical and radiation diagnostics indicate that 40%-77% of the electrical current produces radiation at the time of maximum dose rate. The X-ray pulsewidth was typically 13-16 ns, less than the pulsewidth for standard (vacuum) bremsstrahlung diodes on Saturn. This system, with improvements in reproducibility, could provide a high dose-rate, small-area bremsstrahlung capability for high current generators. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Titan Corp, Reston, VA 20910 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weber, BV (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM weber@suzie.nrl.navy.mil NR 19 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1998 EP 2003 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.835945 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 863MY UT WOS:000224567200033 ER PT J AU Shendell, DG Prill, R Fisk, WJ Apte, MG Blake, D Faulkner, D AF Shendell, DG Prill, R Fisk, WJ Apte, MG Blake, D Faulkner, D TI Associations between classroom CO2 concentrations and student attendance in Washington and Idaho SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; schools; children; ventilation; attendance ID INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; EXCHANGE-RATE; SCHOOLS; HEALTH; PERFORMANCE; VENTILATION; EXPOSURE; MARKERS; ABSENCE AB Student attendance in American public schools is a critical factor in securing limited operational funding. Student and teacher attendance influence academic performance. Limited data exist on indoor air and environmental quality (IEQ) in schools, and how IEQ affects attendance, health, or performance. This study explored the association of student absence with measures of indoor minus outdoor carbon dioxide concentration (dCO(2)). Absence and dCO(2) data were collected from 409 traditional and 25 portable classrooms from 22 schools located in six school districts in the states of Washington and Idaho. Study classrooms had individual heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, except two classrooms without mechanical ventilation. Classroom attributes, student attendance and school-level ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) were included in multivariate modeling. Forty-five percent of classrooms studied had short-term indoor CO2 concentrations above 1000 p.p.m. A 1000 p.p.m. increase in dCO(2) was associated (P < 0.05) with a 0.5-0.9% decrease in annual average daily attendance (ADA), corresponding to a relative 10-20% increase in student absence. Annual ADA was 2% higher (P < 0.0001) in traditional than in portable classrooms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, IED, EETD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington State Univ, Cooperat Extens Energy Program, Spokane, WA USA. NW Air Pollut Author, Mt Vernon, WA USA. RP Fisk, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, IED, EETD, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wjfisk@lbl.gov NR 37 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 44 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD OCT PY 2004 VL 14 IS 5 BP 333 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00251.x PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 849KY UT WOS:000223538700005 PM 15330793 ER PT J AU Martin, MC AF Martin, MC TI WIRMS 2003 - International Workshop on the Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Based Sources - 8-11 July 2003, Granlibakken Conference Center at Lake Tahoe, California, USA - Preface SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, MC (reprint author), Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mcmartin@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.01.003 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 848WT UT WOS:000223499500001 ER PT J AU Byrd, JM Martin, MC McKinney, WR Munson, DV Nishimura, H Robin, DS Sannibale, F Schlueter, RD Thur, WG Jung, JY Wan, W AF Byrd, JM Martin, MC McKinney, WR Munson, DV Nishimura, H Robin, DS Sannibale, F Schlueter, RD Thur, WG Jung, JY Wan, W TI CIRCE: a dedicated storage ring for coherent THz synchrotron radiation SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interantional Workshop on the Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Based Sources CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE synchrotron; coherent; terahertz; Far-IR; source; flux; design AB We present the concepts for an electron storage ring dedicated to and optimized for the production of stable coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) over the far-infrared terahertz wavelength range from 200 mum to about 1 cm. CIRCE (Coherent InfraRed CEnter) will be a 66 m circumference ring located on top of the ALS booster synchrotron shielding tunnel and using the existing ALS injector. This location provides enough floor space for both the CIRCE ring, its required shielding, and numerous beamlines. We briefly outline a model for CSR emission in which a static bunch distortion induced by the synchrotron radiation field is used to significantly extend the stable CSR emission towards higher frequencies. This model has been verified with experimental CSR results. We present the calculated CIRCE photon flux where a gain of 6-9 orders of magnitude is shown compared to existing far-IR sources. Additionally, the particular design of the dipole vacuum chamber has been optimized to allow an excellent transmission of these far-infrared wavelengths. We believe that the CIRCE source can be constructed for a modest cost. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Byrd, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 80-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jmbyrd@lbl.gov RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 EI 1879-0275 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.01.017 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 848WT UT WOS:000223499500002 ER PT J AU Diem, M Romeo, M Matthaus, C Miljkovic, M Miller, L Lasch, P AF Diem, M Romeo, M Matthaus, C Miljkovic, M Miller, L Lasch, P TI Comparison of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of individual cells acquired using synchrotron and conventional sources SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interantional Workshop on the Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Bases Sources CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE infrared micro-spectroscopy; human cells; synchrotron and conventional (thermal) sources ID IR MICROSPECTROSCOPY; HUMAN TISSUE; SPECTROSCOPY; CYCLE AB The ability of infrared (IR) spectroscopy to distinguish and map cancerous and non-cancerous tissue has opened the question of the origin of spectral differences between normal and cancerous cells. Given the size of human cells (about 12-50 mum in diameter), IR micro-spectroscopy (IR-MSP) is an ideal tool for studying individual cells, or fractions thereof. In this contribution, the methodology for collecting IR spectra of individual cells will be explored using spectrometers that employ either synchrotron or conventional (thermal) light sources. Although synchrotron-based measurements are superior to those of conventional instruments, particularly at apertures approaching the diffraction limit, the difference in spectral quality and data acquisition time has been reduced drastically for a new generation of conventional instruments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Robert Koch Inst, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. RP Diem, M (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM mdiem@hunter.cuny.edu RI Romeo, Melissa/A-7757-2009; OI Lasch, Peter/0000-0001-6193-3144 NR 13 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.01.013 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 848WT UT WOS:000223499500003 ER PT J AU Neil, GR Williams, GP AF Neil, GR Williams, GP TI Evolution of the high power THz source program at Jefferson Lab SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interantional Workshop on the Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Bases Sources CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Lake Tahoe, CA ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB We report the evolution of the high power THz source program at Jefferson Lab. The source is based on coherent synchrotron radiation in which short bunches of relativistic electrons radiate when traversing a dipolar magnetic field. In our first accelerator we produced 20 W of broadband THz light. Our upgraded accelerator with higher current and improved THz extraction optics will considerably enhance the output power to >100 W. In this paper we describe the source in some detail and present theoretical calculations for the upgrade. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Free Electron Laser Facil, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Neil, GR (reprint author), Free Electron Laser Facil, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave,MS 6A, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM neil@jlab.org NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 389 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.01.006 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 848WT UT WOS:000223499500010 ER PT J AU Scarvie, T Andresen, N Baptiste, K Byrd, J Chin, M Martin, MC McKinney, WR Steier, C AF Scarvie, T Andresen, N Baptiste, K Byrd, J Chin, M Martin, MC McKinney, WR Steier, C TI Noise reduction efforts for the ALS infrared beamlines SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interantional Workshop on the Infrared Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Accelerator-Bases Sources CY JUL 08-11, 2003 CL Lake Tahoe, CA DE infrared beamline noise; infrared signal-to-noise; RF phase noise; vibration ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE AB The quality of infrared microscopy and spectroscopy data collected at synchrotron based sources is strongly dependent on signal-to-noise. We have successfully identified and suppressed several noise sources affecting beamlines 1.4.2, 1.4.3, and 1.4.4 at the advanced light source (ALS), resulting in a significant increase in the quality of FTIR spectra obtained. In this paper, we present our methods of noise source analysis, the negative effect of noise on the infrared beam quality, and the techniques used to reduce the noise. These include reducing the phase noise in the storage ring radio-frequency (RF) system, installing an active mirror feedback system, analyzing and changing physical mounts to better isolate portions of the beamline optics from low-frequency environmental noise, and modifying the input signals to the main ALS RF system. We also discuss the relationship between electron beam energy oscillations at a point of dispersion and infrared beamline noise. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scarvie, T (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 80R0114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tom_scarvie@lbl.gov RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2004.01.009 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 848WT UT WOS:000223499500012 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Liu, CT AF Lu, ZP Liu, CT TI A new approach to understanding and measuring glass formation in bulk amorphous materials SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE phase diagram; casting; melting ID CRITICAL COOLING RATES; FORMING ABILITY; METALLIC-GLASS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; OXYGEN IMPURITY; AIR ATMOSPHERE; CASTING METHOD; BINARY-ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB This paper summarizes our recent work on the understanding of glass formation from considering both liquid phase stability and crystallization resistance from a physical metallurgical point of view. A comprehensive expression to predict glass-forming ability (GFA) for various glass-forming systems, gamma = T-x/(T-g + T-1), was derived, where T-x is the crystallization temperature, T-g the glass transition temperature and T-1 the liquidus temperature. Our physical-metallurgy approach is supported strongly by experimental data reported for various bulk amorphous materials. Also, some misconception commonly used for assessing the GFA in the literature will be clarified. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM luzp@ornl.gov RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 NR 51 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1035 EP 1043 DI 10.1016/j.internet.2004.04.032 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700002 ER PT J AU Chiang, CL Chu, JP Lo, CT Nieh, TG Wang, ZX Wang, WH AF Chiang, CL Chu, JP Lo, CT Nieh, TG Wang, ZX Wang, WH TI Homogeneous plastic deformation in a Cu-based bulk amorphous alloy SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glasses; metallic; plastic deformation mechanisms; superplastic behaviour ID METALLIC-GLASS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TI; STRENGTH AB The compressive deformation behavior of a cast Cu60Zr20Hf10Ti10 bulk metallic glass in the supercooled liquid region was investigated at strain rates ranging from 1 x 10(-3) to 10(-2) s(-1). Glass transition and crystallization temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry to be 721 and 766 K, respectively. Both strain rate and temperature were found to significantly affect deformation behavior in the supercooled liquid region. A strain rate change method was employed to obtain the strain rate sensitivity (m) and the maximum value of m was determined to be 0.61 at 750 K. A large compressive strain of 0.78 was achieved at a strain rate of 3 x 10(-3) s(-1) at 740 K. Structures of the amorphous material, both before and after deformation, were studied using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The compressive properties are presented and discussed in light of the structural change. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung 202, Taiwan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Chu, JP (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Mat Engn, Chilung 202, Taiwan. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1057 EP 1061 DI 10.1016/j.internet.2004.04.012 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700005 ER PT J AU Kanungo, BP Glade, SC Asoka-Kumar, P Flores, KM AF Kanungo, BP Glade, SC Asoka-Kumar, P Flores, KM TI Characterization of free volume changes associated with shear band formation in Zr- and Cu-based bulk metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glasses; metallic; plastic deformation mechanisms ID FATIGUE-CRACK PROPAGATION; RELAXATION-TIME-SCALES; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; AMORPHOUS PD40NI40P20; FRACTURE; FLOW; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS; TRANSITION AB The free volume model for flow in metallic glasses predicts a significant increase in free volume at the onset of plastic deformation. The details of these structural changes are unclear, however, particularly during strain localization in shear bands. In this study, the free volume changes associated with inhomogeneous plastic deformation of a Cu-based bulk metallic glass were examined using positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). PAS results indicated that there was a distribution of free volume site sizes in both the as-quenched and rolled glasses, and that the concentration of larger sites increased with deformation. Differential scanning calorimetry was also used to observe the glass transition behaviors of Cu- and Zr-based glasses after rolling and annealing. Annealing resulted in an increase in the height of the endothermic glass transition peak, consistent with structural relaxation relative to the as-quenched material. Deformation resulted in both a lower endothermic peak height and an earlier and deeper exothermic peak associated with structural relaxation, indicating a more disordered structure with more free volume. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Flores, KM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM flores.70@osu.edu NR 37 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1073 EP 1080 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.033 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700008 ER PT J AU Hirotsu, Y Hanada, T Ohkubo, T Makino, A Yoshizawa, Y Nieh, TG AF Hirotsu, Y Hanada, T Ohkubo, T Makino, A Yoshizawa, Y Nieh, TG TI Nanoscale phase separation in metallic glasses studied by advanced electron microscopy techniques SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glasses; metallic; microstructure; simulations; Monte Carlo; diffraction (electron, neutron and X-ray); electron microscopy; transmission ID AMORPHOUS ALLOY; CRYSTALLIZATION; ZR AB To understand atomic structures of metallic glasses, advanced electron microscopy was employed to analyze local structures of some Fe-based and Zr-based metallic glasses. In the as-formed Fe70Nb10B20 and Fe73.5Nb3Si13.5Cu1B9 glasses, crystalline nano-clusters as small as 1 nm were observed using HREM (high resolution electron microscopy) under optimized defocus conditions. Nano-diffraction with a probe size of 1 nm revealed diffraction patterns of bcc-Fe and Fe-compound, suggesting the presence of nanoscale phase separation in these as-formed specimens. Atomic pair distribution function was calculated from analyzing electron diffraction intensity obtained from a large area in the samples using energy-filtering. For the Fe-Nb-B glass, an averaged atomic structural model with 2500 atoms was constructed using reverse Monte-Carlo calculation followed by Voronoi polyhedral analysis. The analysis revealed the presence of bcc-Fe-like, B-centered trigonal prism and highly coordinated Nb-Fe polyhedral structures, which was consistent with experimental results of HREM and nano-diffraction. A Zr71Cu13Ni10Ti3Al3 bulk metallic glass was also studied using HREM and high angle annular dark-field (HAADF) techniques. Crystalline clusters with sizes of about 1-2 nm were detected in the as-cast Zr71Cu13Ni10Ti3Al3. In the HAADF image, bright contrasts extending as small as 2 nm were found to fluctuate locally, indicating a local compositional fluctuation caused by nanoscale phase separation. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Akita Prefecture Univ, Honjo 1968558, Japan. Hitachi Met, Kumagaya 3600843, Japan. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; MAKINO, AKIHIRO/B-2549-2009; Yoshizawa, Yoshihito/M-7610-2016 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1081 EP 1088 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.002 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700009 ER PT J AU Kramer, MJ Besser, MF Rozhkova, E Sordelet, DJ AF Kramer, MJ Besser, MF Rozhkova, E Sordelet, DJ TI Influence of short-range order on devitrification in Zr(70)Pd(20)Cu(10) metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE intermetallics; miscellaneous; glasses; metallic; thermal properties; rapid solidification processing; diffraction (electron, neutron and X-ray) ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; LIQUID-METALS; X-RAY; ALLOYS; DIFFRACTION; AMORPHIZATION; NOBLE; PD AB The initial stages of the devitrification for the Zr(70)Pd(20)Cu(10) metallic glass prepared by two processing routes, melt-spinning (MS) and mechanical milling (MM), is investigated using high energy synchrotron X-rays (124.63 keV). The short-range order of the as-prepared alloys differ. This resulted in different phase selection processes during annealing for the two alloys. To determine the initial nucleating phases, we analyzed the differences in the total scattering function S(Q) as a function of time at a temperature similar to 50 K below the crystallization temperature. Both alloys undergo a structural relaxation prior to nucleation and growth. Devitrification proceeds from nucleation of the icosahedral phase for the MS alloy and by nucleation of the high temperature stable MoSi(2)-type structure for the MM alloy. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Met & Ceram Sci Program, 37 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mjlaamer@ameslab.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.028 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700015 ER PT J AU Lee, MH Lee, JY Bae, DH Kim, WT Sordelet, DJ Kim, DH AF Lee, MH Lee, JY Bae, DH Kim, WT Sordelet, DJ Kim, DH TI A development of Ni-based alloys with enhanced plasticity SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE composites; glasses; metallic; plastic deformation mechanisms; extrusion ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; GAS-ATOMIZED POWDERS; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; WARM EXTRUSION; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Enhancement of plasticity in Ni-based injection cast bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and metallic glass matrix composites (MGMCs) has been investigated. The injection-cast Ni59Zr16Ti13Si3Sn2Nb7 BMG showed a significantly improved plastic region to failure of 6.5%, as compared to that of the injection-cast Ni59Zr20Ti16Si2Sn3 BMG of 2%. The Ni59Zr20Ti16Si2Sn3 MGMC containing brass-fibers shows macroscopic plasticity after yielding, and the level of plastic strain increased to around 2% with increasing brass content up to 40 vol.%, while monolithic warm-extruded Ni59Zr20Ti16Si2Sn3 BMG show no plastic deformation region. Present study shows that the plasticity of BMG can be improved by selecting proper BMG alloy composition or by introducing ductile reinforcing phase in the BMG matrix. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Met Engn, Ctr Non Crystalline Mat, Seoul, South Korea. Chongju Univ, Div Appl Sci, Chonju, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Met Engn, Ctr Non Crystalline Mat, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul, South Korea. EM dohkim@yonsei.ac.kr RI Juhyun, Oh/H-9185-2012; bang, changwook/J-7922-2012 NR 20 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1133 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.027 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700017 ER PT J AU Morrison, ML Buchanan, RA Peker, A Peter, WH Horton, JA Liaw, PK AF Morrison, ML Buchanan, RA Peker, A Peter, WH Horton, JA Liaw, PK TI Cyclic- anodic-polarization studies of a Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 bulk metallic glass SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE corrosion; glasses, metallic; biomedical applications ID CORROSION BEHAVIOR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; SUPERPLASTICITY; ZR55AL10CU30NI5; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Cyclic-anodic-polarization tests were conducted on a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) with a chemical composition of Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 [Liquidmetal-001, LM-001 (at.%)]. Samples were compared in two different electrolytes at two different temperatures.. Tests were conducted at 22 and 37 degreesC in both, an aerated 0.6 M NaCl electrolyte and a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte with a physiologically relevant dissolved oxygen content. For all tested conditions, the alloy demonstrated passive behavior at the open-circuit potential with low corrosion rates. However, a susceptibility to localized pitting corrosion was observed in all of the tested conditions. At both temperatures, statistical analyses revealed that the LM-001 BMG exhibited comparable or improved values for every corrosion parameter in the PBS electrolyte, as compared to the NaCl electrolyte. The mean differences between the protection potentials and the open-circuit corrosion potentials were determined to be positive values with greater magnitudes for the PBS electrolyte. Thus, the material may undergo pitting corrosion at surface flaws or after incubation-time periods, depending on the local and bulk environments, with lower probabilities for the PBS electrolyte. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Liquidmet Technol, Lake Forest, CA 92630 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Morrison, ML (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mmorrison@utk.edu RI BAI, JIE/D-7448-2016; OI Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932 NR 29 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1177 EP 1181 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.005 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700024 ER PT J AU Nieh, TG Iwamoto, C Ikuhara, Y Lee, KW Chung, YW AF Nieh, TG Iwamoto, C Ikuhara, Y Lee, KW Chung, YW TI Comparative studies of crystallization of a bulk Zr-Al-Ti-Cu-Ni amorphous alloy SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glasses, metallic; mechanical properties at high temperatures; phase identification; recrystallization and recovery (including grain; growth); electron microscopy, transmission ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BEHAVIOR AB The recrystallization and associated nanoindentation behavior of a Zr- 10Al-5Ti-17.9Cu-14.6Ni (at.%) bulk amorphous alloy was investigated using in situ transmission electron microscopy and high-temperature nanoindentation. The onset of recrystallization occurs around 710 K, with the formation of Zr2Cu, Al3Zr4, and Ni10Zr7. Nanoindentation hardness and elastic modulus were obtained as a function of temperature from 298 to 723 K. The hardness was measured to be similar to7.5 GPa and found unchanged at temperatures below 673 K, but softened rapidly and decreased to 5 GPa at 723 K. These results can be correlated very well with the onset of recrystallization of this alloy at similar to700 K. The present study demonstrates that transmission electron microscopy, hot-stage nanoindentation, and X-ray diffraction are supplementary techniques for the study of glass relaxation and crystallization of metallic glasses. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Engn Res Inst, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-350,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nieh1@llnl.gov RI Chung, Yip-Wah/B-7506-2009; Ikuhara, Yuichi/F-3066-2010; Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; Ikuhara, Yuichi/N-1001-2015 OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; Ikuhara, Yuichi/0000-0003-3886-005X NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1183 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700025 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Yang, XY Rozhkova, EA Besser, MF Kramer, MJ AF Sordelet, DJ Yang, XY Rozhkova, EA Besser, MF Kramer, MJ TI Influence of oxygen content in phase selection during quenching of Zr80Pt20 melt spun ribbons SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE nanostructured intermetallics; thermal stability; rapid solidification processing; microstructure ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE PHASE; NI-AL ALLOYS; METALLIC-GLASS; ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE; BINARY ALLOY; ZR-PD AB Depending on processing conditions Zr80Pt20 alloys may form meta-stable quasicrystals either during devitrification of an amorphous phase or directly upon cooling from a liquid. This study reveals that oxygen content during melt spinning indeed strongly influences the formation of the as-quenched structure in this alloy system. At a wheel speed of 25 m/s, a critical amount of oxygen was found to be required to form amorphous ribbons. At lower oxygen levels (i.e. < 500 ppm mass), a fully crystallized structure forms that is composed mainly of meta-stable beta-Zr with a small fraction of a quasicrystals (QC) phase. At higher oxygen levels (similar to1000 ppm mass), the as-quenched structure transitions to an apparently amorphous structure, and with further oxygen additions forms a mixture of amorphous and either a QC phase (similar to1500 ppm mass) or a crystalline Zr6Pt3O phase (> 2500 ppm mass). Details regarding the structural similarity between the QC, beta-Zr and Zr6Pt30 phases are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, US DOE, Met & Ceram Sci Program, Ames Lab, 125 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sordelet@ameslab.gov NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1211 EP 1217 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.009 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700029 ER PT J AU Wang, GY Liaw, PK Peter, WH Yang, B Freels, M Yokoyama, Y Benson, ML Green, BA Saleh, TA McDaniels, RL Steward, RV Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Brooks, CR AF Wang, GY Liaw, PK Peter, WH Yang, B Freels, M Yokoyama, Y Benson, ML Green, BA Saleh, TA McDaniels, RL Steward, RV Buchanan, RA Liu, CT Brooks, CR TI Fatigue behavior and fracture morphology of Zr50Al10Cu40 and Zr50Al10Cu30Ni10 bulk-metallic glasses SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE glasses, metallic; mechanical properties at ambient temperature; electron microscopy, scanning; non-destructive evaluation ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION; AMORPHOUS METALS; THERMOGRAPHIC DETECTION; SHEAR BANDS; FREE-VOLUME; NI; ALLOYS AB In the present work, high-cycle fatigue (HCF) experiments were conducted on zirconium (Zr)-based bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs): Zr50Al10Cu40 and Zr50Al10Cu30Ni10, in atomic percent. The HCF tests were performed, using an electrohydraulic machine at a frequency of 10 Hz with a R ratio of 0.1 and under tension-tension loading. Note that R = sigma(min)/sigma(max), where sigma(min) and sigma(max) are the applied minimum and maximum stresses, respectively. The test environments were air and vacuum. A high-speed and high-sensitivity thermographic-infrared (IR) imaging system was used for the nondestructive evaluation of temperature evolutions during fatigue testing of the BMGs. A sparking phenomenon was observed at the final fracture moment of Zr50Al10Cu30Ni10 in air, while a bright notch section was observed near the final fracture moment of these two BMGs in vacuum. The effect of the chemical composition on the fatigue behavior of the Zr-based BMGs was studied. The fatigue-endurance limit of Zr50Al10Cu30Ni10 (865 MPa) was somewhat greater than that of Zr50Al10Cu40 (752 MPa) in air. The fatigue lives in vacuum and air were generally found to be comparable. The fatigue-fracture surface consisted of four main regions: the fatigue crack-initiation, crack-propagation, final-fast-fracture, and apparent-melting areas. Apparent fracture toughness was determined from the measurement of the crack-propagation region of the fatigue-fractured surface. The fracture-toughness values of Zr50Al10Cu40 were greater than those of Zr50Al10Cu30Ni10. The vein pattern and droplets with a melted appearance were observed in the apparent melting region. There were microcracks on the outer surface of the specimen, which could be associated with multiple fatigue-crack-initiation sites. These microcracks might result from shear bands and shear-off steps. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Himeji Inst Technol, Himeji, Hyogo 67122, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, GY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gwang@utk.edu RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011 NR 42 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1219 EP 1227 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.038 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700030 ER PT J AU Yang, B Liaw, PK Wang, G Morrison, M Liu, CT Buchanan, RA Yokoyama, Y AF Yang, B Liaw, PK Wang, G Morrison, M Liu, CT Buchanan, RA Yokoyama, Y TI In-situ thermographic observation of mechanical damage in bulk-metallic glasses during fatigue and tensile experiments SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE fatigue resistance and crack growth; mechanical properties at ambient temperature; mechanical testing; non-destructive evaluation ID LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; PRESSURE-VESSEL STEELS; TEMPERATURE EVOLUTION; AMORPHOUS METALS; SHEAR BANDS; ULTIMET(R) ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; SUPERALLOY; DEFORMATION; STATE AB One of the major limitations on bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs) as potential structural materials are their poor reliabilities under tension-loading conditions. It is essential to investigate the mechanical-damage processes of BMGs in order to improve their reliability. Up to now, however, the mechanical-damage mechanism of BMGs has not been fully understood, especially during fatigue processes. In the current research, the mechanical-damage processes of Zr-based BMGs during both fatigue and tensile tests were investigated in-situ by thermography technologies. Except for the final fracture moment, the mechanical behaviors of BMGs have been observed to be dominated by elastic deformations. In the present study, the thermoelastic effect was used to predict the stress concentration at the center-notch region of the BMG specimens. An obvious thermoelastic degradation phenomenon was observed at the center-notch region of the specimen, which could result from the free-volume-accumulation process during fatigue, and can be used to predict the fatigue-damage-evolution process and the final failure. Multiple shear bands were observed in-situ and analyzed on BMGs before failures during tensile tests by thermography, while no shear bands were observed during fatigue tests, which indicated that the failure mechanism during fatigue could be different from that during the tensile test. Furthermore, instant melting and liquid splitting of BMGs at the fracture moment was captured in-situ by thermography. As a new nondestructive-evaluation method, thermography could open up wide applications in detecting in-situ mechanical-damages of materials and structural components. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Himeji Inst Technol, Himeji, Hyogo 2167, Japan. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM byang@utk.edu RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011; OI Morrison, Mark/0000-0003-1956-0932 NR 44 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD OCT-NOV PY 2004 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1265 EP 1274 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.006 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863MT UT WOS:000224566700038 ER PT J AU Jones, RE AF Jones, RE TI Models for contact loading and unloading of a rough surface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rough surface; asperity; contact ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC MODEL; FLAT AB Two basic models of loading and unloading of elastic-plastic rough surfaces are presented. The first is based on a surface composed of columnar asperities and the second is based on the more traditional hemispherical asperities. These models extend the Greenwood and Williamson paradigm [Proc. Roy. Soc. A 295 (1966) 300] to cyclic loading where an evolving subset of the contacting asperities undergo irreversible deformation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jones, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969 MS 9405, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rjones@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 42 IS 17-18 BP 1931 EP 1947 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2004.05.004 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 862MG UT WOS:000224494400012 ER PT J AU Qu, S Huang, Y Jiang, H Liu, C Wu, PD Hwang, KC AF Qu, S Huang, Y Jiang, H Liu, C Wu, PD Hwang, KC TI Fracture analysis in the conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient (CMSG) plasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Review DE cleavage cracking; interface fracture; strain gradient plasticity; Taylor dislocation model ID CRACK-TIP FIELDS; THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LENGTH SCALE; LATTICE INCOMPATIBILITY; POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; DISCRETE DISLOCATION; INTERFACE IMPURITIES; HARDENING MATERIAL; MATRIX COMPOSITES AB In a remarkable series of experiments, Elssner et al. (1994) and Korn et al. (2002) observed cleavage cracking along a bimaterial interface between Nb and sapphire. The stress required for cleavage cracking is around the theoretical strength of the material. Classical plasticity models fall short to reach such a high stress level. We use the conventional theory of mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity (Huang et al., 2004) to investigate the stress field around the tip of an interface crack between Nb and sapphire. The tensile stress at a distance of 0.1 mum to the interface crack tip reaches 13.3sigma(Y), where sigma(Y) is the yield stress of Nb. This stress is nearly 4 times of that predicted by classical plasticity theory (3.6sigma(Y)) at the same distance to the crack tip, and is high enough to trigger cleavage cracking in materials and interfaces. This is consistent with Elssner et al.'s (1994) and Korn et al.'s (2002) experimental observations. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Alcan Int Ltd, Kingston Res & Dev Ctr, Kingston, ON K7L 5L9, Canada. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM huang9@uiuc.edu RI Jiang, Hanqing/B-1810-2008; Qu, Shaoxing/C-2318-2008; HWANG, Keh-Chih/A-9989-2014; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009; Wu, Peidong/A-7009-2008 OI Jiang, Hanqing/0000-0002-1947-4420; NR 103 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 129 IS 3 BP 199 EP 220 DI 10.1023/B:FRAC.0000047786.40200.f8 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 882YI UT WOS:000225975900001 ER EF