FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Schwarzer, N Pharr, GM AF Schwarzer, N Pharr, GM TI On the evaluation of stresses during nanoindentation with sharp indenters SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE mechanical properties; nanoindentation; surface stress; yield strength; coatings AB Recent investigations of nanoindentation unloading curves [G.M. Pharr, A. Bolshakov, J.Mater. Res. 17(10), Oct 2002, 2660.] have shown that the pressure distribution of a sharp indenter can be approximated by an "effectively shaped" indenter during the unloading process. The geometrical form of the effective indenter shape is determined by the shape of the plastic hardness impression formed during indentation. During unloading this concept allows one to extract approximately the elastic part of the surface stress determined by the effective indenter due a fit procedure applied to the unloading curve. Making use of an additional straightforward algorithm, this concept also allows the evaluation of the complete elastic field of the effectively shaped indenter and thus it may provide information about changes in the indenter stresses during the unloading process. The model is applied to example materials and the resulting fields of elastic stresses are discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Chemnitz, Inst Phys, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Schwarzer, N (reprint author), Tech Univ Chemnitz, Inst Phys, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. EM n.schwarzer@physik.tu-chemnitz.de NR 7 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 469 SI SI BP 194 EP 200 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.08.170 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879NK UT WOS:000225724300035 ER PT J AU Coupeau, C Goudeau, P Belliard, L George, M Tamura, N Cleymand, F Colin, J Perrin, B Grilhe, J AF Coupeau, C Goudeau, P Belliard, L George, M Tamura, N Cleymand, F Colin, J Perrin, B Grilhe, J TI Evidence of plastic damage in thin films around buckling structures SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE thin films; residual stresses; buckling; damage mechanisms; atomic force microscopy; x-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PICOSECOND ULTRASONICS; COMPRESSIVE STRESS; DELAMINATION; PATTERNS; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; ADHESION; BLISTERS; ENERGY AB Buckling structures that cannot be simply understood in the frame of continuum elastic theory have been observed by atomic force microscopy on gold films; 630 nm thick, deposited by sputtering method on silicon substrates. X-ray diffraction analyses and finite element simulations have been carried out to characterize the stress levels in and around these buckling structures. The high stress concentration evidenced near the edges of the circular blisters may involve plastic damage resulting in the strong bending of the buckled structures experimentally observed but does not seem to induce a decohesion process of the film/substrate interface. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Poitiers, CNRS, UMR 6630, Met Phys Lab, Poitiers, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Milieux Desordonnes & Heterogenes, F-75252 Paris 05, France. British Nucl Fuel Plc, Preston PR4 0XJ, Lancs, England. Ecole Mines, CNRS, UMR 7570, Lab Sci & Genie Surfaces, F-54042 Nancy, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Coupeau, C (reprint author), Univ Poitiers, CNRS, UMR 6630, Met Phys Lab, 40 Ave Recteur Pineau, Poitiers, France. EM christophe.coupeau@univ-poitiers.fr OI cleymand, Franck/0000-0002-2785-2399 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 469 SI SI BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.08.158 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879NK UT WOS:000225724300039 ER PT J AU Hershberger, J Ajayi, OO Bello, Y Fenske, GR AF Hershberger, J Ajayi, OO Bello, Y Fenske, GR TI Scuffing resistance after tribosynthesis of a modified surface layer SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE metallurgical; protective and hard layers; steel; surface roughness; tribology ID STEEL AB In this work, the surface layers of steel samples have been modified by a tribological scuffing process to improve the resistance of the surface to subsequent scuffing failure. In general, scuffing is known to involve large plastic strains and high local temperatures. The scuffed surface layers cool rapidly as heat is transported into the bulk material. This deformation and thermal treatment form highly work-hardened surface layers with small grain size. Resistance to scuffing failure typically improves with increasing hardness; for this reason, we have assessed the scuffing resistance of previously scuffed material as follows. \ We have modified a high-frequency reciprocating rig tribological tester so that a flat sample can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the direction of reciprocation during a ball-on-flat scuffing test. After initiation of scuffing, each flat was moved at a constant velocity, propagating the scuffing effect sideways from the reciprocating line in order to affect an area. After cleaning, the resistance of such areas to scuffing was measured in a second test. Flats of hardened 440C stainless steel were tested. Contrary to expectations, the resistance of tribosynthesized surface layers to subsequent scuffing was significantly degraded compared to as-polished surfaces. In particular, failures in the "run-in" portion of the test, before the load was fully applied, were more common when testing tribosynthesized surface layers. The most likely cause was the significantly increased roughness of the modified surface. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. RP Hershberger, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Bldg 212,Room D204,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jhersh@anl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 469 SI SI BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.08.092 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879NK UT WOS:000225724300045 ER PT J AU Jankowski, AF Saw, CK Walton, CC Hayes, JP Nilsen, J AF Jankowski, AF Saw, CK Walton, CC Hayes, JP Nilsen, J TI Boron-carbide barrier layers in scandium-silicon multilayers SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE boron-carbide; multilayer; scandium-silicon; diffusion barrier; reflectivity ID X-RAY MIRRORS; W/B4C MULTILAYERS; REPETITION-RATE; STABILITY; LASER; W/C AB Scandium-silicon (Sc/Si) multilayer structures show promise to efficiently reflect 45-50-nm wavelength X-rays at normal incidence. Barrier layers have been added at each interface to minimize the formation and growth of silicide compounds that broaden interfaces and, consequently, cause a change in the layer spacing and loss of reflectivity. Although tungsten (W) is an effective diffusion barrier, its high absorption causes a loss of reflectivity. We now evaluate the use of another refractory material for the barrier layer, boron carbide (B4C), which is a stable ceramic. The multilayer microstructure and its stability are evaluated using microscopy and diffraction methods. It is found that the use of B4C enhances the thermal stability of Sc/Si multilayers to an extent equivalent that offered by W barrier layers with only a few percent reduction in the reflectivity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,MS L-352, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jankowskil@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 469 SI SI BP 372 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.08.153 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 879NK UT WOS:000225724300063 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Hubbard, S Rubin, Y Murray, C Roden, E Majer, E AF Chen, JS Hubbard, S Rubin, Y Murray, C Roden, E Majer, E TI Geochemical characterization using geophysical data and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods: A case study at the South Oyster bacterial transport site in Virginia SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geochemical characterization; geophysical data; MCMC; statistical model ID GROUND-PENETRATING-RADAR; POROUS-MEDIA; LITHOLOGIC TOMOGRAPHY; COLLOID TRANSPORT; INTACT CORES; AQUIFER; MODEL; SEDIMENTS; HETEROGENEITY; REDUCTION AB The study demonstrates the use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) tomographic data for estimating sediment geochemical parameters using data collected at the Department of Energy South Oyster bacterial transport site in Virginia. By exploiting the site-specific mutual dependence of GPR attenuation and extractable Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations on lithofacies, we develop a statistical model in which lithofacies and Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations at each pixel between the boreholes are considered as random variables. The unknown variables are estimated by conditioning to the colocated GPR data and the lithofacies measurements along boreholes using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Cross-validation results show that the geophysical data, constrained by lithofacies, have the potential for providing high-resolution, multidimensional information on extractable Fe(II) and Fe(III) concentrations at the South Oyster site. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Chen, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jchen@lbl.gov; sshubbard@lbl.gov; eroden@bsc.as.ua.edu; chris.murray@pnl.gov; eroden@bsc.as.ua.edu; elmajer@lbl.gov RI Chen, Jinsong/A-1374-2009; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 12 AR W12412 DI 10.1029/2003WR002883 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 883QJ UT WOS:000226029300001 ER PT J AU Culligan, KA Wildenschild, D Christensen, BSB Gray, WG Rivers, ML Tompson, AFB AF Culligan, KA Wildenschild, D Christensen, BSB Gray, WG Rivers, ML Tompson, AFB TI Interfacial area measurements for unsaturated flow through a porous medium SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE interfacial area; porous media; unsaturated flow ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; LATTICE-BOLTZMANN SIMULATION; CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; NETWORK MODEL; COMMON LINES; 2-PHASE FLOW; WATER; DISSOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB Multiphase flow and contaminant transport in porous media are strongly influenced by the presence of fluid-fluid interfaces. Recent theoretical work based on conservation laws and the second law of thermodynamics has demonstrated the need for quantitative interfacial area information to be incorporated into multiphase flow models. We have used synchrotron based X-ray microtomography to investigate unsaturated flow through a glass bead column. Fully three-dimensional images were collected at points on the primary drainage curve and on the secondary imbibition and drainage loops. Analysis of the high-resolution images (17 micron voxels) allows for computation of interfacial areas and saturation. Corresponding pressure measurements are made during the course of the experiments. Results show the fluid-fluid interfacial area increasing as saturation decreases, reaching a maximum at saturations ranging from 20 to 35% and then decreasing as the saturation continues to zero. The findings support results of numerical studies reported in the literature. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Culligan, KA (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM kculliga@nd.edu; wildend@geo.oregonstate.edu; brc@er.dtu.dk; wggray@unc.edu; rivers@cars.uchicago.edu; afbt@llnl.gov NR 51 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 22 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 12 AR W12413 DI 10.1029/2004WR003278 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 883QJ UT WOS:000226029300002 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Saxena, A Song, B Ward, BB Beveridge, TJ Myneni, SCB AF Jiang, W Saxena, A Song, B Ward, BB Beveridge, TJ Myneni, SCB TI Elucidation of functional groups on gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial surfaces using infrared spectroscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; METAL ADSORPTION; CYANOBACTERIAL SILICIFICATION; AZOSPIRILLUM-BRASILENSE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; HEAVY-METALS; CELL-WALL; ATR-FTIR; IN-SITU; ACID AB Surface functional group chemistry of intact Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells and their isolated cell walls was examined as a function of pH, growth phase, and growth media (for intact cells only) using. attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Infrared spectra of aqueous model organic molecules, representatives of the common functional groups found in bacterial cell walls (i.e., hydroxyl, carboxyl, phosphoryl, and amide groups), were also examined in order to assist the interpretation of the infrared spectra of bacterial samples. The surface sensitivity of the ATR-FTIR spectroscopic technique was evaluated using diatom cells, which possess a several-nanometers-thick layer of glycoprotein on their silica shells. The ATR-FTIR spectra of bacterial surfaces exhibit carboxyl, amide, phosphate, and carbohydrate related features, and these are identical for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. These results provide direct evidence to the previously held conviction that the negative charge of bacterial surfaces is derived from the deprotonation of both carboxylates and phosphates. Variation in solution pH has only a minor effect on the secondary structure of the cell wall proteins. The cell surface functional group chemistry is altered neither by the growth phase nor by the growth medium of bacteria. This study reveals the universality of the functional group chemistry of bacterial cell surfaces. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Microbiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM wjiang@princeton.edu RI Jiang, Wei/F-2521-2010 NR 62 TC 179 Z9 180 U1 6 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 26 BP 11433 EP 11442 DI 10.1021/la049043+ PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 880VC UT WOS:000225816800024 PM 15595767 ER PT J AU Jian, W Firestone, MA Auciello, O Carlisle, JA AF Jian, W Firestone, MA Auciello, O Carlisle, JA TI Surface functionalization of ultrananocrystalline diamond films by electrochemical reduction of aryldiazonium salts SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODES; COVALENT MODIFICATION; DIAZONIUM SALTS; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; MULTILAYER FORMATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON AB The surface functionalization of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films via the electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium cations is described. The one-electron-transfer reaction leads to the formation of solution-based aryl radicals, which in turn react with the UNCD surface forming stable covalent C-C bonds. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ac impedance spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements have been employed to characterize the organic overlayer and estimate the surface coverage. The grafting of 3,5-dichlorophenyl groups renders the UNCD surface hydrophobic, whereas the attachment of 4-aminophenyl groups makes the surface relatively hydrophilic. The surface coverage, estimated from the electrochemical and XPS measurements, is as high as 70% of a compact monolayer. The aminophenyl terminated surface was obtained by electrochemical reduction of the tethered nitrophenyl groups. This two-step approach yields a UNCD surface with functional moieties available for the potential covalent coupling of a wide variety of biomolecules (e.g., DNA and proteins). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carlisle, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 26 BP 11450 EP 11456 DI 10.1021/la048740z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 880VC UT WOS:000225816800026 ER PT J AU Johnson, SB Yoon, TH Slowey, AJ Brown, GE AF Johnson, SB Yoon, TH Slowey, AJ Brown, GE TI Adsorption of organic matter at mineral/water interfaces: 3. Implications of surface dissolution for adsorption of oxalate SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID BOEHMITE GAMMA-ALOOH; GOETHITE (ALPHA-FEOOH)/WATER INTERFACE; AQUEOUS ALUMINA SUSPENSIONS; SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; OXALIC-ACID; COMPLEXATION MODELS; WATER INTERFACE; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; URANIUM(VI) ADSORPTION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AB The adsorption of oxalate on a model aluminum oxide, corundum (alpha-Al2O3), has been examined over a broad range of oxalate concentrations (0.125-25.0 mM) and pH conditions (2-10). In situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements indicate that at low to intermediate concentrations ([oxalate] less than or equal to 2.50 mM), oxalate adsorbs to corundum predominantly as a bidentate, mononuclear, inner-sphere complex involving both carboxyl groups. Significant contributions from outer-spherically bound oxalate and aqueous Ox(2-) are additionally observed at higher oxalate concentrations. Consistent with the ATR-FTIR findings, macroscopic adsorption data measured for oxalate concentrations of 0.125-2.50 mM can be generally well modeled with a single bidentate, inner-sphere oxalate complex using the charge distribution multisite complexation (CD-MUSIC) model. However, at intermediate oxalate concentrations (0.50 and 1.25 mM) and pH < 5, the extent of oxalate adsorption measured experimentally is found to fall significantly below that predicted by CD-MUSIC simulations. The latter finding is interpreted in terms of competition for oxalate from dissolved Al(III), the formation of which is promoted by the dissolution-enhancing properties of the adsorbed oxalate anion. In accordance with this expectation, increasing concentrations of dissolved Al(III) in solution are found to significantly decrease the extent of oxalate adsorption on corundum under acidic pH conditions, presumably through promoting the formation of Al(III)-oxalate complexes with reduced affinities for the corundum surface compared with the uncomplexed oxalate anion. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Brown, GE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM gordon@pangea.stanford.edu NR 86 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 26 BP 11480 EP 11492 DI 10.1021/la048559q PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 880VC UT WOS:000225816800030 PM 15595773 ER PT J AU Jung, HS Shin, H Kim, JR Kim, JY Hong, KS AF Jung, HS Shin, H Kim, JR Kim, JY Hong, KS TI In situ observation of the stability of anatase nanoparticles and their transformation to rutile in an acidic solution SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; POWDERS; PEPTIZATION; FILMS AB Thermodynamic stability of anatase nanoparticles and their transformation behaviors to rutile phase in an acidic solution was investigated in situ at two different peptization temperatures using a freezedrying method. When peptized at 30 degreesC, the initial product was anatase with a significantly distorted atomic structure, a significant amount of hydroxyl group and Ti3+ ions, and, thus, a thermodynamically unstable state. The instability of 30 degreesC-peptized anatase was responsible for a suitable transformation to rutile later via dissolution of the anatase to form a titanium hydroxylate, followed by reprecipitation into rutile. On the other hand, 80 degreesC-peptized anatase had a relatively more ordered atomic structure, a much reduced amount of hydroxyl group, negligible Ti(sup)3+ ions, and, thus, a thermodynamically more stable state. Plausible reasons why the 80 degreesC-peptized anatase does not transform to rutile were deduced. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shin, H (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM hshin@snu.ac.kr RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Kim, Jin Young/B-7077-2012; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015; OI Kim, Jin Young/0000-0001-7728-3182; Jung, Hyun Suk/0000-0002-7803-6930 NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 26 BP 11732 EP 11737 DI 10.1021/la048425c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 880VC UT WOS:000225816800062 PM 15595805 ER PT J AU Eremin, V Li, Z Roe, S Ruggiero, G Verbitskaya, E AF Eremin, V Li, Z Roe, S Ruggiero, G Verbitskaya, E TI Double peak electric field distortion in heavily irradiated silicon strip detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE silicon detectors; radiation hardness; charge collection efficiency; carrier trapping; electric field distribution ID JUNCTION DETECTORS; CHARGE COLLECTION; PARTICLES AB Non-uniform distribution of the electric field outlined as double peak distortion (DPD) is considered for heavily irradiated silicon strip detectors, which were developed for the CERN-ATLAS semiconductor tracker. DPD originates from the non-uniform accumulation of electrons and holes from the bulk generated current that are captured by radiation induced defects: deep acceptors and donors with mid-gap energy levels. This corresponds to the formation of the low electric field region in the detector central part that consequently will delay charge collection. The electric field distributions at different reverse biases, fluences and detector operational temperatures are calculated using a one-dimensional Poisson equation as it was done earlier for pad detectors. It has been shown that due to the electric field focusing at the strips the DPD effect is more pronounced for strip detectors as compared to that in pad detectors. The double peak electric field distribution is evinced experimentally in current pulse response shape when the charge is collected along the strip axis. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Eremin, V (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. EM vladimir.eremin@pop.ioffe.rssi.ru RI Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 3 BP 622 EP 631 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.143 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 878CJ UT WOS:000225623800004 ER PT J AU Boyarski, AM AF Boyarski, AM TI Model of high-current breakdown from cathode field emission in aged wire chambers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium, Satellite Workshop on Detector Aging CY OCT 19-24, 2003 CL Portland, OR SP IEEE DE cathode aging; cathode field emission; chamber aging; blob model; self-sustaining field emission; SSFE ID GAS AB Observing single electron pulses provides insight into the mechanism that leads to sudden high-current jumps (breakdown) in aged wire chambers. This single electron activity is found to be consistent with the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) equation for field emission of electrons from a cathode surface in a high electric field. The high electric field arises from the positive ion buildup on a very thin insulating layer on the cathode surface. A model is presented to explain the transient behavior of single electron pulses in response to abrupt changes in chamber ionization, as well as the steady-state rate during a long-term aging run. The model is based on properties of the insulating layer (dielectric constant, conductivity, and hole-mobility) as well as the FN equation. This model also applies to other avalanche type chambers such as microstrip gas chambers and gas electron multipliers. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RP Boyarski, AM (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 95,2575 Sand Hill Rd,Menlo Pk, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. EM adam@slac.stanford.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 3 BP 632 EP 643 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.164 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 878CJ UT WOS:000225623800005 ER PT J AU Han, QY Kad, BK Viswanathan, S AF Han, QY Kad, BK Viswanathan, S TI Design perspectives for creep-resistant magnesium die-casting alloys SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The microstructure of die-cast Magnesium alloys is highly non-uniform, which leads to a non-uniform distribution of the solidus/homologous temperature in the alpha(Mg) phase and a non-uniform distribution of deformation stresses and strains in the specimen during creep testing. Experimental observations suggest that significant creep deformation occurs in the alpha(Mg) phase in and adjacent to the eutectic regions while deformation in the primary alpha(Mg) dendrites is less pronounced. This article addresses the effect of the non-uniform as-cast microstructure on the creep resistance of die-cast magnesium alloys. Computational thermodynamic Simulations were carried out to determine solute segregation, solidus temperature, and the corresponding homologous temperature distribution in the alpha(Mg) phase. Transmission electron microscopy studies provided evidence of non-uniform creep deformation in the creep-tested specimens. The results suggest that the creep resistance of magnesium alloys is determined by the weakest aggregate and/or phase in the alloy, viz., the alpha(Mg) phase in and adjacent to the eutectic regions. Microstructural design efforts that increase the homologous temperature or reinforce the eutectic alpha(Mg) phase hold significant promise for increasing the creep resistance of magnesium alloys. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kad, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bkad@ucsd.edu NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 36 BP 3843 EP 3860 DI 10.1080/14786430412331283073 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 881HT UT WOS:000225854700002 ER PT J AU Topgaard, D Martin, RW Sakellariou, D Meriles, CA Pines, A AF Topgaard, D Martin, RW Sakellariou, D Meriles, CA Pines, A TI "Shim pulses" for NMR spectroscopy and imaging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE adiabatic; modulated gradient; MRI; pulse sequence; numerical optimization ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ADIABATIC PULSES; SINGLE SCAN; BROAD-BAND; SPECTRA; FIELDS; ACQUISITION AB A way to use adiabatic radiofrequency pulses and modulated magnetic-field gradient pulses, together constituting a "shim pulse," for NMR spectroscopy and imaging is demonstrated. These pulses capitalize on phase shifts derived from probe gradient coils to compensate for nonlinear intrinsic main magnetic field homogeneity for spectroscopy, as well as for deviations from linear gradients for imaging. This approach opens up the possibility of exploiting cheaper, less-than-perfect magnets and gradient coils for NMR applications. C1 CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Chim Mol, Direct Sci Mat, Dept Rech Etat Condense Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Topgaard, D (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Phys Chem 1, POB 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM daniel.topgaard@fkem1.lu.se RI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/F-2846-2010 OI Sakellariou, Dimitrios/0000-0001-7424-5543 NR 16 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 51 BP 17576 EP 17581 DI 10.1073/pnas.0408296102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 882PT UT WOS:000225951500004 PM 15591105 ER PT J AU Yang, X Wang, XB Vorpagel, ER Wang, LS AF Yang, X Wang, XB Vorpagel, ER Wang, LS TI Direct experimental observation of the low ionization potentials of guanine in free oligonucleotides by using photoelectron spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE DNA oxidation; nucleoticle ID QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GAS-PHASE CONFORMATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; B-FORM DNA; UV PHOTOELECTRON; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ELECTRONIC INFLUENCES; ALKYLATION PATTERNS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AB Photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy is used to probe the electronic structure of mono-, di-, and trinucleotide anions in the gas phase. A weak and well defined threshold band was observed in the photoelectron spectrum of 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate at a much lower ionization energy than the other three mononucleotides. Density function theory calculations revealed that this unique spectral feature is caused by electron-detachment from a pi orbital of the guanine base on 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate, whereas the lowest ionization channel for the other three mononucleotides takes place from the phosphate group. This low-energy feature was shown to be a "fingerprint" in all the spectra of dinucleotides and trinucleotides that contain the guanine base. The current experiment provides direct spectroscopic evidence that the guanine base is the site with the lowest ionization potential in oligonucleotides and DNA and is consistent with the fact that guanine is most susceptible to oxidation to give the guanine cation in DNA damage. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 41 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 21 PY 2004 VL 101 IS 51 BP 17588 EP 17592 DI 10.1073/pnas.0405157101 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 882PT UT WOS:000225951500006 PM 15591345 ER PT J AU Barty, A Hau-Riege, S Stearns, D Clift, M Mirkarimi, P Gullikson, E Chapman, H Sweeney, D AF Barty, A Hau-Riege, S Stearns, D Clift, M Mirkarimi, P Gullikson, E Chapman, H Sweeney, D TI Repairing amplitude defects in multilayer-coated extreme-ultraviolet lithography reticles by use of a focused ion beam SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We present a method for repairing defects near the top surfaces of multilayer coatings in general and specifically on extreme-ultraviolet lithography mask blanks. Milling away the defect and a surrounding region of the multilayer by use of a focused ion beam can repair both the reflectivity and the phase of the reflected light in the vicinity of such a defect. We describe the conditions under which the repaired region will not itself be a defect and experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of this multilayer repair technique. The results described are also applicable to understanding and controlling the optical effects of ion-induced multilayer erosion. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OrthoSport Assoc, Los Altos, CA 94024 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barty, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM barty2@llnl.gov RI Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010; Barty, Anton/K-5137-2014 OI Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743; Barty, Anton/0000-0003-4751-2727 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 36 BP 6545 EP 6556 DI 10.1364/AO.43.006545 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 882CP UT WOS:000225916500003 PM 15646775 ER PT J AU Munro, DH Dixit, SN Langdon, AB Murray, JR AF Munro, DH Dixit, SN Langdon, AB Murray, JR TI Polarization smoothing in a convergent beam SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LASER; REDUCTION; SUPPRESSION; SCATTERING; FUSION; PLASMA; KDP AB A birefringent wedge in a collimated 351-nm beam provides polarization smoothing at the Omega laser facility and provided it for the Nova laser. At the National Ignition Facility, the best place to put such an optic is after the final focus lens. In a converging beam. a flat birefringent plate can closely mimic the polarization-smoothing action of a wedge. In this new design the flat plate is nearly a Z-cut crystal; for the wedges, the optical axis of the crystal lies far from the plate normal. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Munro, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-23,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM munrol@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 36 BP 6639 EP 6647 DI 10.1364/AO.43.006639 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 882CP UT WOS:000225916500011 PM 15646783 ER PT J AU Anders, A AF Anders, A TI Observation of self-sputtering in energetic condensation of metal ions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; VACUUM-ARC PLASMAS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEPOSITION; SURFACES AB The condensation of energetic metal ions on a surface may cause self-sputtering even in the absence of substrate bias. Charge-state-averaged self-sputtering yields were determined for both zirconium and gold ions generated by a cathodic vacuum arc. Films were deposited on differently biased substrates exposed to streaming Zr and Au vacuum arc plasma. The self-sputtering yields for both metals were estimated to be about 0.05 in the absence of bias, and exceeding 0.5 when bias reached -50 V. These surprisingly high values can be reconciled with binary collision theory and molecular dynamics calculations taking the high kinetic and potential energy of vacuum arc ions into account. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 25 BP 6137 EP 6139 DI 10.1063/1.1840115 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 880DK UT WOS:000225769000019 ER PT J AU Lee, SR Koleske, DD Cross, KC Floro, JA Waldrip, KE Wise, AT Mahajan, S AF Lee, SR Koleske, DD Cross, KC Floro, JA Waldrip, KE Wise, AT Mahajan, S TI In situ measurements of the critical thickness for strain relaxation in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAN; DIFFRACTION; NUCLEATION; STRESS; GROWTH; FILMS AB Using in situ wafer-curvature measurements of thin-film stress, we determine the critical thickness for strain relaxation in AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterostructures with 0.14less than or equal toxless than or equal to1. The surface morphology of selected films is examined by atomic force microscopy. Comparison of these measurements with critical-thickness models for brittle fracture and dislocation glide suggests that the onset of strain relaxation occurs by surface fracture for all compositions. Misfit-dislocations follow initial fracture, with slip-system selection occurring under the influence of composition-dependent changes in surface morphology. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Lee, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM srlee@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 25 BP 6164 EP 6166 DI 10.1063/1.1840111 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 880DK UT WOS:000225769000028 ER PT J AU Ji, Y Hoffmann, A Jiang, JS Bader, SD AF Ji, Y Hoffmann, A Jiang, JS Bader, SD TI Spin injection, diffusion, and detection in lateral spin-valves SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCOPIC SYSTEMS; ACCUMULATION; SPINTRONICS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MAGNETIZATION; METALS AB We demonstrate the injection of spin-polarized electrons into paramagnetic Au nanowires by driving an electric current from a ferromagnetic permalloy (Py) electrode. The nonequilibrium spin accumulation in Au results in a difference between the chemical potentials for spin-up and spin-down electrons that is detected as a field-dependent voltage signal using a second Py electrode. The magnitude of the voltage contrast (>10%) and its coincidence with the magnetic switching of the Py electrodes attest to the spin-sensitive origin of the signals. By increasing the separation of the Py injector and detector, we observe an exponential decay of the spin signals. The measurements yield a spin-diffusion length of 63+/-15 nm and an injected spin polarization of 3% in Au at 10 K. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ji, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yji@anl.gov RI Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012; Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 NR 16 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 25 BP 6218 EP 6220 DI 10.1063/1.1841455 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 880DK UT WOS:000225769000046 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ Dunn, J van Buuren, T Hunter, J AF Nelson, AJ Dunn, J van Buuren, T Hunter, J TI X-ray laser-induced photoelectron spectroscopy for single-state measurements SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE; GE(111) AB We demonstrate single-shot x-ray laser-induced time-of-flight photoelectron spectroscopy on metal and semiconductor surfaces with picosecond time resolution. Our compact multipulse terawatt tabletop x-ray laser source provides the necessary high photon flux (>10(12)/pulse), monochromaticity, picosecond pulse duration, and coherence for probing ultrafast changes in the chemical and electronic structure of these materials. Static valence band and shallow core-level photoemission spectra are presented for ambient temperature polycrystalline Cu foils and Ge(100). Surface contamination was removed by UV ozone cleaning prior to analysis. The ultrafast nature of this technique lends itself to true single-state measurements of shocked and heated materials. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 25 BP 6290 EP 6292 DI 10.1063/1.1841473 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 880DK UT WOS:000225769000070 ER PT J AU Coil, AL Newman, JA Kaiser, N Davis, M Ma, CP Kocevski, DD Koo, DC AF Coil, AL Newman, JA Kaiser, N Davis, M Ma, CP Kocevski, DD Koo, DC TI Evolution and color dependence of the galaxy angular correlation function: 350,000 galaxies in 5 square degrees SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; REDSHIFT SURVEY; FAINT GALAXIES; CLUSTERING EVOLUTION; LUMINOSITY DEPENDENCE; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; EXTRAGALACTIC OBJECTS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS AB When applied to deep photometric catalogs, the two-point angular correlation function, omega(theta), is a sensitive probe of the evolution of galaxy clustering properties. Here we present measurements of omega(theta) as a function of I-AB magnitude and (R - I) color to a depth of I-AB = 24 on scales theta = 7" - 3', using a sample of similar to350,000 galaxies covering 5 deg(2) in total over five separate fields. Using redshifts of 2954 galaxies in early DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey data, we construct robust galaxy redshift distributions as a function of I-AB magnitude and (R - I) color for galaxies in the range 0 < z < 2. We constrain models of the redshift evolution of galaxy clustering and find that significant growth of clustering has occurred from z greater than or equal to 1 to z = 0. A model in which the comoving scale length, x(0), evolves linearly with redshift, x(0)(z) = x(0)(0)( 1 - Bz), fits the data better than the epsilon model proposed by Groth & Peebles. The clustering properties depend strongly on observed (R - I) color, with both the reddest and bluest galaxies exhibiting large clustering amplitudes and steeper slopes. Different observed ( R - I) color ranges are sensitive to very disparate redshift regimes. Red galaxies with (R - I) similar to 1.5 lie in a narrow redshift range centered at z similar to 0.85 and have a comoving scale length of clustering at z = 0.85 of x(0) = 5.0 +/- 0.3 h(-1) Mpc. These galaxies have early-type spectra and are likely progenitors of massive local ellipticals. The bluest galaxies with (R - I) similar to 0 appear to be a mix of star-forming galaxies, both relatively local (z similar to 0.3-0.6) dwarfs and bright z > 1.4 galaxies, as well as broad-line active galactic nuclei. We find that local blue dwarfs are relatively unclustered, with x(0) = 1.6 +/- 0.2 h(-1) Mpc. The z > 1.4 blue galaxies have a larger clustering scale length, x(0) greater than or similar to5 h(-1) Mpc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Coil, AL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 2 BP 765 EP 781 DI 10.1086/425676 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 882VS UT WOS:000225968200005 ER PT J AU Torres, DF AF Torres, DF TI Theoretical modeling of the diffuse emission of gamma rays from extreme regions of star formation: The case of Arp 220 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : individual (Arp 220); galaxies : starburst; gamma rays : observations; gamma rays : theory; infrared : galaxies; radio continuum : galaxies ID LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ENERGETIC SECONDARY ELECTRONS; ULTRALUMINOUS IRAS GALAXIES; INTER-STELLAR CLOUDS; GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; NEUTRAL PION-DECAY; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; STARBURST GALAXIES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ARP 220 AB Our current understanding of ultraluminous infrared galaxies suggests that they are recent galaxy mergers in which much of the gas in the former spiral disks, particularly that located at distances less than 5 kpc from each of the premerger nuclei, has fallen into a common center, triggering a huge starburst phenomenon. This large nuclear concentration of molecular gas has been detected by many groups, and estimates of molecular mass and density have been made. Not surprisingly, these estimates were found to be orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding values found in our Galaxy. In this paper, a self-consistent model of the high-energy emission of the superstarburst galaxy Arp 220 is presented. The model also provides an estimate of the radio emission from each of the components of the central region of the galaxy ( western and eastern extreme starbursts and molecular disk). The predicted radio spectrum is found as a result of the synchrotron and free-free emission and absorption of the primary and secondary steady population of electrons and positrons. The latter is the output of charged pion decay and knock-on leptonic production, subject to a full set of losses in the interstellar medium. The resulting radio spectrum is in agreement with subarcsecond radio observations, which is what allows us to estimate the magnetic field. In addition, the FIR emission is modeled with dust emissivity, and the computed FIR photon density is used as a target for inverse Compton process as well as to give an account of losses in the gamma-ray escape. Bremsstrahlung emission and neutral pion decay are also computed, and the gamma-ray spectrum is finally predicted. Future possible observations with GLAST and the ground-based Cerenkov telescopes are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Torres, DF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dtorres@igpp.ucllnl.org RI Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016 OI Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065 NR 115 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 2 BP 966 EP 986 DI 10.1086/425415 PN 1 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 882VS UT WOS:000225968200019 ER PT J AU Fragile, PC Murray, SD Lin, DNC AF Fragile, PC Murray, SD Lin, DNC TI Ejection of supernova-enriched gas from dwarf disk galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; hydrodynamics; methods : numerical; supernovae : general ID COLD DARK-MATTER; LY-ALPHA SYSTEMS; STAR-FORMATION; PROTOGALACTIC CLOUDS; SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; PROCESSED MATTER; LOCAL GROUP; EVOLUTION; FEEDBACK; MODELS AB We examine the efficiency with which supernova-enriched gas may be ejected from dwarf disk galaxies, using a methodology previously employed to study the self-enrichment efficiency of dwarf spheroidal systems. Unlike previous studies that focused on highly concentrated starbursts, in the current work we consider discrete supernova events spread throughout various fractions of the disk. We model disk systems having gas masses of 108 and 10(9) M-. with supernova rates of 30, 300, and 3000 Myr(-1). The supernova events are confined to the midplane of the disk but distributed over radii of 0%, 30%, and 80% of the disk radius, consistent with expectations for Type II supernovae. In agreement with earlier studies, we find that the enriched material from supernovae is largely lost when the supernovae are concentrated near the nucleus, as expected for a starburst event. In contrast, however, we find the loss of enriched material to be much less efficient when the supernovae occur over even a relatively small fraction of the disk. The difference is due to the ability of the system to relax following supernova events that occur over more extended regions. Larger physical separations also reduce the likelihood of supernovae going off within low-density "chimneys'' swept out by previous supernovae. We also find that for the most distributed systems, significant metal loss is more likely to be accompanied by significant mass loss. A comparison with theoretical predictions indicates that when undergoing self-regulated star formation, galaxies in the mass range considered will efficiently retain the products of Type II supernovae. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Fragile, PC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Murray, Stephen/I-8685-2016 OI Murray, Stephen/0000-0001-5597-090X NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 2 BP 1077 EP 1090 DI 10.1086/425494 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 882VS UT WOS:000225968200026 ER PT J AU Westphal, AJ Bradley, JP AF Westphal, AJ Bradley, JP TI Formation of glass with embedded metal and sulfides from shock-accelerated crystalline dust in superbubbles SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; dust, extinction ID GALACTIC COSMIC-RAYS; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; INTERPLANETARY DUST; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ENERGY; GRAINS; EVOLUTION; GAS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AB Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) contain enigmatic submicron components called GEMS (glass with embedded metal and sulfides). The compositions and structures of GEMS indicate that they have been processed by exposure to ionizing radiation, but details of the actual irradiation environment(s) have remained elusive. Here we propose a mechanism and astrophysical site for GEMS formation that explains for the first time the following key properties of GEMS: they are stoichiometrically enriched in oxygen and systematically depleted in S, Mg, Ca, and Fe (relative to solar abundances); most have normal (solar) oxygen isotopic compositions; they exhibit a strikingly narrow size distribution (0.1-0.5 mum diameter); and some of them contain "relict" crystals within their silicate glass matrices. We show that the compositions, size distribution, and survival of relict crystals are inconsistent with amorphization by particles accelerated by diffusive shock acceleration. Instead, we propose that GEMS are formed from crystalline grains that condense in stellar outflows from massive stars in OB associations, are accelerated in encounters with frequent supernova shocks inside the associated superbubble (SB), and are implanted with atoms from the hot gas in the SB interior. We thus reverse the usual roles of target and projectile. Rather than being bombarded at rest by energetic ions, grains are accelerated and bombarded by a nearly monovelocity beam of atoms as viewed in their rest frame. Meyer, Drury, and Ellison have proposed that Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) originate from ions sputtered from such accelerated dust grains. We suggest that GEMS are surviving members of a population of fast grains that constitute the long-sought source material for GCRs. Thus, representatives of the GCR source material may have been awaiting discovery in cosmic dust labs for the last 30 yr. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Westphal, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM westphal@ssl.berkeley.edu; jbradley@igpp.ucllnl.org NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 2 BP 1131 EP 1141 DI 10.1086/425574 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 882VS UT WOS:000225968200030 ER PT J AU Vanderspek, R Sakamoto, T Barraud, C Tamagawa, T Graziani, C Suzuki, M Shirasaki, Y Prigozhin, G Villasenor, J Jernigan, JG Crew, GB Atteia, JL Hurley, K Kawai, N Lamb, DQ Ricker, GR Woosley, SE Butler, N Doty, JP Dullighan, A Donaghy, TQ Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Matsuoka, M Takagishi, K Torii, K Yoshida, A Boer, M Dezalay, JP Olive, JF Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G AF Vanderspek, R Sakamoto, T Barraud, C Tamagawa, T Graziani, C Suzuki, M Shirasaki, Y Prigozhin, G Villasenor, J Jernigan, JG Crew, GB Atteia, JL Hurley, K Kawai, N Lamb, DQ Ricker, GR Woosley, SE Butler, N Doty, JP Dullighan, A Donaghy, TQ Fenimore, EE Galassi, M Matsuoka, M Takagishi, K Torii, K Yoshida, A Boer, M Dezalay, JP Olive, JF Braga, J Manchanda, R Pizzichini, G TI HETE observations of the gamma-ray burst GRB 030329: Evidence for an underlying soft X-ray component SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; X-rays : individual (GRB 030329) ID 29 MARCH 2003; ENERGY; AFTERGLOW; BATSE; PERFORMANCE; SPECTRA AB An exceptionally intense gamma-ray burst, GRB 030329, was detected and localized by the instruments on board the High Energy Transient Explorer satellite (HETE) at 11: 37: 14 UT on 2003 March 29. The burst consisted of two similar to10 s pulses of roughly equal brightness and an X-ray tail lasting more than 100 s. The energy fluence in the 30-400 keV energy band was S-gamma 1.2 x 10(-4) ergs cm(-2), making GRB 030329 one of the brightest GRBs ever detected. Communication of a 20 error box 73 minutes after the burst allowed the rapid detection of a counterpart in the optical, X-ray, and radio and the ensuing discovery of a supernova with most unusual characteristics. Analyses of the burst light curves reveal the presence of a distinct, bright, soft X-ray component underlying the main GRB; the 2-10 keV fluence of this component is similar to7 x 10(-6) ergs cm(-2). The main pulses of GRB 030329 were preceded by two soft, faint, nonthermal bumps. We present details of the HETE observations of GRB 030329. C1 MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo 1578572, Japan. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. CNR, IASF, Sez Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP MIT, Ctr Space Res, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Boer, Michel/0000-0001-9157-4349 NR 47 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 2 BP 1251 EP 1257 DI 10.1086/423923 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 882VS UT WOS:000225968200039 ER PT J AU Tok, JBH Bi, LR Huang, SY AF Tok, JBH Bi, LR Huang, SY TI A comparative binding study of modified bovine immunodeficiency virus TAR RNA against its tat peptide SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; fluorescence; nucleic acids; antagonists ID SYNTHETIC LINKER APPROACH; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DECODING REGION; CYCLIN T1; COMPLEX; RECOGNITION; PROTEIN; HIV-1; CONSTRUCT; DESIGN AB Besides generating novel binding peptides or small molecules to their RNA target, successful design of chemically modified RNA constructs capable of tighter binding with their binding peptides is also of significant importance. Herein, the synthesis and binding studies of a series of both wt and mutant bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) TAR RNA constructs against its Tat peptide are reported. Understanding the requirements that enable RNA construct binding properties, especially at the hairpin loop or internal bulge, would afford potential therapeutic approaches to control the BIV life cycle. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CUNY York Coll & Grad Ctr, Dept Chem & Nat Sci, Jamaica, NY 11451 USA. RP Tok, JBH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tok2@llnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 08153-26] NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 14 IS 24 BP 6101 EP 6105 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.09.075 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 876UG UT WOS:000225522700032 PM 15546738 ER PT J AU Mosesson, MW Di Orio, JP Hernandez, I Hainfeld, JF Wall, JS Grieninger, G AF Mosesson, MW Di Orio, JP Hernandez, I Hainfeld, JF Wall, JS Grieninger, G TI The ultrastructure of fibrinogen-420 and the fibrin-420 clot SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fibrin; fibrinogen; thrombin ID C-E DOMAIN; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ALPHA-CHAINS; GAMMA-CHAIN; SEQUENCE; ALPHA(M)BETA(2); POLYMERIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; FIB(420); FIBRILS AB Fibrinogen-420 is a minor subclass of human fibrinogen that is so named because of its higher molecular weight compared to fibrinogen-340, the predominant form of circulating fibrinogen. Each of the two Aalpha chains of fibrinogen-340 is replaced in fibrinogen-120 by an Aalpha isoform termed alpha(E). Such chains contain a globular C-terminal extension, alpha(E)C, that is homologous with the C-terminal regions of Bbeta and gamma chains in the fibrin D domain. The alpha(E)C domain lacks a functional fibrin polymerization pocket like those found in the D domain, but it does contain a binding site for beta(2) integrins. Electron microscopy of fibrinogen-340 molecules showed the major core fibrinogen domains, D-E-D, plus globular portions of the C-terminal alphaC domains. Fibrinogen-420 molecules had two additional globular domains that were attributable to alpha(E)C. Turbidity measurements of thrombin-cleaved fibrinogen-420 revealed a reduced rate of fibrin polymerization and a lower maximum turbidity. Thromboelastographic measurements also showed a reduced rate of fibrin-420 polymerization (amplitude development) compared with fibrin-340. Nevertheless, the final amplitude (MA) and the calculated elastic modulus (G) for fibrin-420 were greater than those for fibrin-340. These results suggested a greater degree of fibrin-420 branching and thinner matrix fibers, and such structures, were found in SUM images. In addition, fibrin-420 fibers were irregular and often showed nodular structures protruding from the fiber surface. These nodularities represented alpha(E)C domains, and possibly aC domains as well. TEM images of negatively shadowed fibrin-420 networks showed irregular fiber borders, but the fibers possessed the same 22.5-nm periodicity that characterizes all fibrin fibers. From this result, we conclude that fibrin-420 fiber assembly occurs through the same D-E interactions that drive the assembly of all fibrin fibrils. and therefore that the staggered overlapping molecular packing arrangement is the same in both types of fibrin. The alpha(E)C domains are arrayed on fiber surfaces. and in this location, they would very likely slow lateral fibril association, causing thinner, more branched fibers to form. However, their location on the fiber surface would facilitate cellular interactions through the integrin receptor binding site. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Blood Ctr SE Wisconsin Inc, Blood Res Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Baxter Healthcare, Round Lake, IL USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mosesson, MW (reprint author), Blood Ctr SE Wisconsin Inc, Blood Res Inst, POB 2178, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM mwmosesson@bcsew.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-59507, HL-51050] NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.07.021 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 885YS UT WOS:000226193900017 PM 15572250 ER PT J AU Lipkin, HJ AF Lipkin, HJ TI New results in hadron spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Conference on High Energy Physics CY MAY 12-14, 2004 CL Univ Montreal, Concordia, Montreal, CANADA HO Univ Montreal, Concordia ID MASSES; PENTAQUARK; BARYONS; MODEL AB Hadron spectroscopy still follows basic 1966 physics of Sakharov, Zeldovich and Nambu. Constituent quark quasiparticles with effective masses and non-abelian color gauge electric and magnetic interactions fit all masses and magnetic moments of ground state mesons and baryons containing no more than one heavy or strange or heavy quark. Flavor antisymmetry explains absence of low-lying exotics and suggests diquark-triquark model for Theta(+) pentaquark. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM harry.lipkin@weizmann.ac.il NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 31 SI SI BP 5403 EP 5415 DI 10.1142/S0217751X04022645 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 892AH UT WOS:000226621600016 ER PT J AU Boettger, JC AF Boettger, JC TI Impact of neglecting p-type spin-orbit coupling during electronic structure calculations on solids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Symposium on Theory and Computations in Molecular and Materials Sciences, Biology, and Pharmacology CY FEB 22-MAR 01, 2003 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FL DE electronic structure; spin-orbit coupling; Douglas-Kroll transformation; equation of state; lead (Pb) ID LIGHT ACTINIDES; DENSITY; TRANSFORMATION; MO AB Fully relativistic density functional theory electronic structure calculations for crystalline solids have become nearly commonplace. It has been demonstrated, however, that two of the more common methods used for such calculations produce spin-orbit coupling energies for p-type orbitals that are numerically unstable. The source of the instability and methods for its mitigation are discussed here. In particular, a stabilization strategy suggested by Soderlind, the complete neglect of p-type spin-orbit coupling, is tested for a prototypical p-bonded metal, Pb, using the linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals-fitting function method. The zero-pressure lattice constant and bulk modulus are both insensitive to the p-type spin-orbit coupling. The density of states and the fcc-bcc structural energy difference, however, are shown to be significantly affected by p-type spin-orbit coupling. The complete neglect of p-type spin-orbit coupling approximation should not be used to determine structural phase transition pressures for materials in which the bonding has a strong p character. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 100 IS 6 BP 845 EP 850 DI 10.1002/qua.20147 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 866QS UT WOS:000224788600003 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B Weatherford, CA AF Ritchie, B Weatherford, CA TI Relativistic electron theory: Is spin a property of the electron in vacuo or of the electromagnetic field interaction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Symposium on Theory and Computations in Molecular and Materials Sciences, Biology, and Pharmacology CY FEB 22-MAR 01, 2003 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA DE relativistic; spin; Dirac; four-vector AB Here we investigate electron spin as a property of the electron-magnetic field interaction, rather than as a property of the free electron in the absence of electromagnetic fields. We show that, within the phase of the interaction linear in the vector potential, the Pauli or Dirac magnetic moment interaction Hamiltonian can be derived by using a form of the vector potential that depends on the Pauli spin vector and by consistently using electron and field four-vectors to ensure Lorentz invariance of quantities related to physical observables. The Dirac equation itself is shown to follow from this procedure. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Weatherford, CA (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM weatherford@cennas.nhmfl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1018 DI 10.1002/qua.20250 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 866QS UT WOS:000224788600020 ER PT J AU Goldowitz, D Frankel, WN Takahashi, JS Holtz-Vitaterna, M Bult, C Kibbe, WA Snoddy, J Li, YX Pretel, S Yates, J Swanson, DJ AF Goldowitz, D Frankel, WN Takahashi, JS Holtz-Vitaterna, M Bult, C Kibbe, WA Snoddy, J Li, YX Pretel, S Yates, J Swanson, DJ TI Large-scale mutagenesis of the mouse to understand the genetic bases of nervous system structure and function SO MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU); functional genomics; mouse mutants behavioral phenotype; neurogenetics ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; MUTATIONS; GENOME; MICE AB N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis is presented as a powerful approach to developing models for human disease. The efforts of three NIH Mutagenesis Centers established for the detection of neuroscience-related phenotypes are described. Each center has developed an extensive panel of phenotype screens that assess nervous system structure and function. In particular, these screens focus on complex behavioral traits from drug and alcohol responses to circadian rhythms to epilepsy. Each of these centers has developed a bioinformatics infrastructure to track the extensive number of transactions that are inherent in these large-scale projects. Over 100 new mouse mutant lines have been defined through the efforts of these three mutagenesis centers and are presented to the research community via the centralized Web presence of the Neuromice.org consortium (http://www.neuromice.org). This community resource provides visitors with the ability to search for specific mutant phenotypes, to view the genetic and phenotypic details of mutant mouse lines, and to order these mice for use in their own research program. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Swanson, DJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, 855 Monroe Ave, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM dswanson@utmem.edu RI Takahashi, Joseph/E-8482-2012; Kibbe, Warren/B-2106-2010 OI Takahashi, Joseph/0000-0003-0384-8878; Kibbe, Warren/0000-0001-5622-7659 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-328X J9 MOL BRAIN RES JI Mol. Brain Res. PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 132 IS 2 SI SI BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.09.016 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 882GA UT WOS:000225925900003 ER PT J AU Hall, LJ Nomura, Y AF Hall, LJ Nomura, Y TI SO(10) and SU(6) unified theories on an elongated rectangle SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID FERMION MASS HIERARCHY; GRAND UNIFICATION; GUT BREAKING; WEAK; DIMENSIONS; SYMMETRY; ORBIFOLD AB Maximally supersymmetric SO(10) and SU(6) unified theories are constructed on the orbifold T-2/(Z(2) x Z'(2)), with one length scale R-5 taken much larger than the other, R-6. The effective theory below 1/R-6 is found to be the highly successful SU(5) theory in 5D with natural doublet-triplet splitting. no proton decay from operators of dimension four or five, unified mass relations for heavier generations only, and a precise prediction for gauge coupling unification. A more unified gauge symmetry, and the possibility of Higgs doublets being components of the higher-dimensional gauge multiplet, are therefore compatible with a large energy interval where physics is described by SU(5) gauge symmetry in 5D. This leads to the distinctive branching ratios for proton decay from SU(5) gauge boson exchange, p --> l(+)pi(0), l(+)K(0), (v) over bar pi(+), (v) over barK(+) (l = e, mu), for well-motivated locations for matter. Several phenomenological features of the higher unified gauge symmetry are discussed, including the role of an extra U(1) gauge symmetry, which survives compactification, in the generation of neutrino masses. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nomura, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yasunori@thsrv.lbl.gov OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 703 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.10.023 PG 19 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 878CR UT WOS:000225624600006 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Franke, VA Hiller, JR McCartor, D Paston, SA Prokhvatilov, E AF Brodsky, SJ Franke, VA Hiller, JR McCartor, D Paston, SA Prokhvatilov, E TI A nonperturbative calculation of the electron's magnetic moment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE light-cone quantization; pauli-villars regularization; mass renormalization; QED ID LIGHT-FRONT; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; FIELD-THEORIES; RENORMALIZATION; FRAME AB In principle, the complete spectrum and bound-state wave functions of a quantum field theory can be determined by finding the eigenvalues and eigensolutions of its light-cone Hamiltonian. One of the challenges in obtaining nonperturbative solutions for gauge theories such as QCD using light-cone Hamiltonian methods is to renormalize the theory while preserving Lorentz symmetries and gauge invariance. For example, the truncation of the light-cone Fock space leads to uncompensated ultraviolet divergences. We present two methods for consistently regularizing light-cone-quantized gauge theories in Feynman and light-cone gauges: (1) the introduction of a spectrum of Pauli-Villars fields which produces a finite theory while preserving Lorentz invariance; (2) the augmentation of the gauge-theory Lagrangian with higher derivatives. In the latter case, which is applicable to light-cone gauge (A(+) = 0), the A(-) component of the gauge field is maintained as an independent degree of freedom rather than a constraint. Finite-mass Pauli-Villars regulators can also be used to compensate for neglected higher Fock states. As a test case, we apply these regularization procedures to an approximate nonperturbative computation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron in QED as a first attempt to meet Feynman's famous challenge. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Hiller, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jhiller@d.umn.edu RI Paston, Sergey/J-7095-2013; Franke, Valentin/N-4190-2015 OI Paston, Sergey/0000-0002-6724-5753; Franke, Valentin/0000-0002-5889-5869 NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 20 PY 2004 VL 703 IS 1-2 BP 333 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.10.027 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 878CR UT WOS:000225624600011 ER PT J AU Koleske, DD Coltrin, ME Cross, KC Mitchell, CC Allerman, AA AF Koleske, DD Coltrin, ME Cross, KC Mitchell, CC Allerman, AA TI Understanding GaN nucleation layer evolution on sapphire SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE crystal morphology; desorption; nucleation; recrystallization; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; nitrides ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TEMPERATURE OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; BUFFER LAYER; IN-SITU; GALLIUM NITRIDE; MASS-TRANSPORT; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; THERMAL-TREATMENT; SUBSTRATE AB Optical reflectance and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to develop a detailed description of GaN nucleation layer (NL) evolution upon annealing in ammonia and hydrogen to 1050 degreesC. For the experiments, the GaN NLs were grown to a thickness of 30 nm at 540 degreesC, and then heated to 1050 degreesC, following by holding at 1050 degreesC for additional time. As the temperature, T, is increased, the NL decomposes uniformly beginning at 850 degreesC up to 980 degreesC as observed by the decrease in the optical reflectance signal and the absence of change in the NL AFM images. Decomposition of the original NL material drives the formation of GaN nuclei on top of the NL, which begin to appear on the NL near 1000 degreesC, increasing the NL roughness. The GaN nuclei are formed by gas-phase transport of Ga atoms generated during the NL decomposition that recombine with ambient NH3. The gas-phase mechanism responsible for forming the GaN nuclei is demonstrated in two ways. First, the NL decomposition kinetics has an activation energy, E-A, of 2.7 eV and this EA is observed in the NL roughening as the GaN nuclei increase in size. Second, the power spectral density functions measured with atomic force microscopy reveal that the GaN nuclei grow via an evaporation and recondensation mechanism. Once the original NL material is fully decomposed, the GaN nuclei stop growing in size and begin to decompose. For 30 nm thick NLs used in this study, approximately 1/3 of the NL Ga atoms are reincorporated into GaN nuclei. A detailed description of the NL evolution as it is heated to high temperature is presented, along with recommendations on how to enhance or reduce the NL decomposition and nuclei formation before high T GaN growth. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Koleske, DD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ddkoles@sandia.gov NR 51 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 9 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 273 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.08.126 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 883NX UT WOS:000226021000011 ER PT J AU Abanov, A Chubukov, A AF Abanov, A Chubukov, A TI Anomalous scaling at the quantum critical point in itinerant antiferromagnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERMION SYSTEMS AB We show that the Hertz phi(4) theory of quantum criticality is incomplete as it misses anomalous nonlocal contributions to the interaction vertices. For antiferromagnetic quantum transitions, we found that the theory is renormalizable only if the dynamical exponent z=2. The upper critical dimension is still d=4-z=2; however, the number of marginal vertices at d=2 is infinite. As a result, the theory has a finite anomalous exponent already at the upper critical dimension. We show that for d<2 the Gaussian fixed point splits into two non-Gaussian fixed points. For both fixed points, the dynamical exponent remains z=2. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Abanov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, BS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 25 AR 255702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.255702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 880JD UT WOS:000225785200037 PM 15697911 ER PT J AU Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bharadwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhatia, VS Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopdhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S de Moura, MM Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faivre, J Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Foley, KJ Fomenko, K Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guo, Y Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, QJ Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, JN Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shestermanov, KE Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Urkinbaev, A Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevsky, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN AF Adams, J Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Amonett, J Anderson, BD Arkhipkin, D Averichev, GS Badyal, SK Bai, Y Balewski, J Barannikova, O Barnby, LS Baudot, J Bekele, S Belaga, VV Bellwied, R Berger, J Bezverkhny, BI Bharadwaj, S Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhatia, VS Bichsel, H Billmeier, A Bland, LC Blyth, CO Bonner, BE Botje, M Boucham, A Brandin, AV Bravar, A Bystersky, M Cadman, RV Cai, XZ Caines, H Sanchez, MCD Carroll, J Castillo, J Cebra, D Chajecki, Z Chaloupka, P Chattopdhyay, S Chen, HF Chen, Y Cheng, J Cherney, M Chikanian, A Christie, W Coffin, JP Cormier, TM Cramer, JG Crawford, HJ Das, D Das, S de Moura, MM Derevschikov, AA Didenko, L Dietel, T Dogra, SM Dong, WJ Dong, X Draper, JE Du, F Dubey, AK Dunin, VB Dunlop, JC Mazumdar, MRD Eckardt, V Edwards, WR Efimov, LG Emelianov, V Engelage, J Eppley, G Erazmus, B Estienne, M Fachini, P Faivre, J Fatemi, R Fedorisin, J Filimonov, K Filip, P Finch, E Fine, V Fisyak, Y Foley, KJ Fomenko, K Fu, J Gagliardi, CA Gans, J Ganti, MS Gaudichet, L Geurts, F Ghazikhanian, V Ghosh, P Gonzalez, JE Grachov, O Grebenyuk, O Grosnick, D Guertin, SM Guo, Y Gupta, A Gutierrez, TD Hallman, TJ Hamed, A Hardtke, D Harris, JW Heinz, M Henry, TW Hepplemann, S Hippolyte, B Hirsch, A Hjort, E Hoffmann, GW Huang, HZ Huang, SL Hughes, EW Humanic, TJ Igo, G Ishihara, A Jacobs, P Jacobs, WW Janik, M Jiang, H Jones, PG Judd, EG Kabana, S Kang, K Kaplan, M Keane, D Khodyrev, VY Kiryluk, J Kisiel, A Kislov, EM Klay, J Klein, SR Klyachko, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kopytine, M Kotchenda, L Kramer, M Kravtsov, P Kravtsov, VI Krueger, K Kuhn, C Kulikov, AI Kumar, A Kunz, CL Kutuev, RK Kuznetsov, AA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Lange, S Laue, F Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lehocka, S LeVine, MJ Li, C Li, Q Li, Y Lindenbaum, SJ Lisa, MA Liu, F Liu, L Liu, QJ Liu, Z Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Long, H Longacre, RS Lopez-Noriega, M Love, WA Lu, Y Ludlam, T Lynn, D Ma, GL Ma, JG Ma, YG Magestro, D Mahajan, S Mahapatra, DP Majka, R Mangotra, LK Manweiler, R Margetis, S Markert, C Martin, L Marx, JN Matis, HS Matulenko, YA McClain, CJ McShane, TS Meissner, F Melnick, Y Meschanin, A Miller, ML Milosevich, Z Minaev, NG Mironov, C Mischke, A Mishra, DK Mitchell, J Mohanty, B Molnar, L Moore, CF Morozov, DA Munhoz, MG Nandi, BK Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nelson, JM Netrakanti, PK Nikitin, VA Nogach, LV Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Okorokov, V Oldenburg, M Olson, D Pal, SK Panebratsev, Y Panitkin, SY Pavlinov, AI Pawlak, T Peitzmann, T Perevoztchikov, V Perkins, C Peryt, W Petrov, VA Phatak, SC Picha, R Planinic, M Pluta, J Porile, N Porter, J Poskanzer, AM Potekhin, M Potrebenikova, E Potukuchi, BVKS Prindle, D Pruneau, C Putschke, J Rai, G Rakness, G Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ravel, O Ray, RL Razin, SV Reichhold, D Reid, JG Renault, G Retiere, F Ridiger, A Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Rose, A Roy, C Ruan, L Sahoo, R Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandweiss, J Savin, I Sazhin, PS Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmitz, N Schroeder, LS Schweda, K Seger, J Seyboth, P Shahaliev, E Shao, M Shao, W Sharma, M Shen, WQ Shestermanov, KE Shimanskiy, SS Sichtermann, E Simon, F Singaraju, RN Skoro, G Smirnov, N Snellings, R Sood, G Sorensen, P Sowinski, J Speltz, J Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stadnik, A Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Stolpovsky, A Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Suaide, AAP Sugarbaker, E Suire, C Sumbera, M Surrow, B Symons, TJM de Toledo, AS Szarwas, P Tai, A Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tarnowsky, T Thein, D Thomas, JH Timoshenko, S Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tsai, OD Ulery, J Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Urkinbaev, A Van Buren, G van Leeuwen, M Vander Molen, AM Varma, R Vasilevski, IM Vasiliev, AN Vernet, R Vigdor, SE Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vznuzdaev, M Waggoner, WT Wang, F Wang, G Wang, G Wang, XL Wang, Y Wang, Y Wang, ZM Ward, H Watson, JW Webb, JC Wells, R Westfall, GD Wetzler, A Whitten, C Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wood, J Wu, J Xu, N Xu, Z Xu, ZZ Yamamoto, E Yepes, P Yurevich, VI Zanevsky, YV Zhang, H Zhang, WM Zhang, ZP Zolnierczuk, PA Zoulkarneev, R Zoulkarneeva, Y Zubarev, AN CA STAR Collaboration TI Azimuthal anisotropy and correlations at large transverse momenta in p+p and Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; FLOW; MULTIPLICITY; SPECTRA AB Results on high transverse momentum charged particle emission with respect to the reaction plane are presented for Au+Au collisions at roots(NN=)200 GeV. Two- and four-particle correlations results are presented as well as a comparison of azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions to those in p+p at the same energy. The elliptic anisotropy v(2) is found to reach its maximum at p(t)similar to3 GeV/c, then decrease slowly and remain significant up to p(t)approximate to7-10 GeV/c. Stronger suppression is found in the back-to-back high-p(t) particle correlations for particles emitted out of plane compared to those emitted in plane. The centrality dependence of v(2) at intermediate p(t) is compared to simple models based on jet quenching. C1 Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Lab High Energy JINR, Dubna, Russia. Particle Phys Lab JINR, Dubna, Russia. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sci & Technol China, Anhui 230027, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. SUBATECH, Nantes, France. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, W Bengal, India. Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. CCNU HZNU, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Adams, J (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RI Planinic, Mirko/E-8085-2012; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Chen, Yu/E-3788-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Witt, Richard/H-3560-2012; Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Lednicky, Richard/K-4164-2013; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Kisiel, Adam/O-8754-2015; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013 OI Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; Kisiel, Adam/0000-0001-8322-9510; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900 NR 35 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 25 AR 252301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.252301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 880JD UT WOS:000225785200019 PM 15697893 ER PT J AU Barbier, A Mocuta, C Neubeck, W Mulazzi, M Yakhou, F Chesnel, K Sollier, A Vettier, C de Bergevin, F AF Barbier, A Mocuta, C Neubeck, W Mulazzi, M Yakhou, F Chesnel, K Sollier, A Vettier, C de Bergevin, F TI Surface and bulk spin ordering of antiferromagnetic materials: NiO(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; EXCHANGE BIAS; DIFFRACTION; MODELS AB We present a study of the prototypical NiO(111) antiferromagnet by nonresonant surface x-ray magnetic scattering. Direct access to the antiferromagnetic surface and bulk spin ordering is demonstrated. Our data support a first order antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition. A quantitative determination of the magnetization profile is proposed. It is shown that the NiO(111) surface spins remain ordered at higher temperatures than in the bulk and that the blocking temperature in exchange coupled ferromagnetic-NiO interfaces is most likely related to an S-domain structure loss occurring 25 K below the Neel temperature. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM, DRECAM, SPCSI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. ELETTRA, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. LBNL, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ILL, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Barbier, A (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM, DRECAM, SPCSI, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM abarbier@cea.fr RI Mulazzi, Mattia/N-4643-2016; OI Barbier, Antoine/0000-0002-1032-299X NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 25 AR 257208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.257208 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 880JD UT WOS:000225785200064 PM 15697938 ER PT J AU Gao, XPA Boebinger, GS Mills, AP Ramirez, AP Pfeiffer, LN West, KW AF Gao, XPA Boebinger, GS Mills, AP Ramirez, AP Pfeiffer, LN West, KW TI Temperature and magnetic-field-enhanced hall slope of a dilute 2D hole system in the ballistic regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-GAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RESISTIVITY; COEFFICIENT; RESISTANCE AB We report the temperature (T) and perpendicular magnetic-field (B) dependence of the Hall resistivity rho(xy)(B) of dilute metallic 2D holes in GaAs over a broad range of temperature (0.02-1.25 K). The low B Hall coefficient, R-H, is found to be enhanced when T decreases. Strong magnetic fields further enhance the slope of rho(xy)(B) at all temperatures studied. Coulomb interaction corrections of a Fermi liquid (FL) in the ballistic regime can not explain the enhancement of rho(xy) which occurs in the same regime as the anomalous metallic longitudinal conductivity. In particular, although the metallic conductivity in 2D systems has been attributed to electron interactions in a FL, these same interactions should reduce, not enhance, the slope of rho(xy)(B) as T decreases and/or B increases. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Gao, XPA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xuangao@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 25 AR 256402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.256402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 880JD UT WOS:000225785200045 PM 15697919 ER PT J AU Lee, M AF Lee, M TI Phase diagram of Coulomb interactions across the metal-insulator transition in Si : B SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; SCALING THEORY; GAP; SEMICONDUCTOR; CONDUCTIVITY; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB Measurements of the single-particle density of states (DOS) near T=0 K in Si:B are used to construct an energy-density phase diagram of Coulomb interactions across the critical density n(c) of the metal-insulator transition. Insulators and metals are found to be distinguishable only below a phase boundary epsilon(*)(|n/n(c)-1|) determined by the Coulomb energy. Above epsilon(*) is a mixed state where metals and insulators equidistant from n(c) cannot be distinguished from their DOS structure. The data imply a diverging screening radius at n(c), which may signal an interaction-driven thermodynamic state change. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mlee1@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 25 AR 256401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.256401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 880JD UT WOS:000225785200044 PM 15697918 ER PT J AU Santamore, DH Gaudio, S Timmermans, E AF Santamore, DH Gaudio, S Timmermans, E TI Zero sound in a mixture of a single-component fermion gas and a Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB The resonant dynamics of mediated interactions supports zero sound in a cold atom degenerate mixture of a single-component fermion gas and a Bose-Einstein condensate. We characterize the onset of instability in the phase separation of an unstable mixture and we find a rich collective mode structure for stable mixtures with one undamped mode that exhibits an avoided crossing and a Landau-damped mode that terminates. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Santamore, DH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 25 AR 250402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.250402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 880JD UT WOS:000225785200002 PM 15697876 ER PT J AU Svaneborg, C Grest, GS Everaers, R AF Svaneborg, C Grest, GS Everaers, R TI Strain-dependent localization, microscopic deformations, and macroscopic normal tensions in model polymer networks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOZENGE CONTOUR PLOTS; RUBBER ELASTICITY; TOPOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; ENTANGLEMENT MODELS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EXPERIMENTAL TESTS; RELAXATION AB We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the microscopic and macroscopic response of model polymer networks to uniaxial elongations. By studying networks with strand lengths ranging from N-s=20 to 200 we cover the full crossover from cross-link to entanglement dominated behavior. Our results support a recent version of the tube model which accounts for the different strain dependence of chain localization due to chemical cross-links and entanglements. C1 Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, Dresden, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Svaneborg, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, Postfach 3148, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. EM zqex@mpipks-dresden.mpg.de RI Everaers, Ralf/K-2228-2013; MPIP, Theory/I-9884-2014; Umlauf, Ursula/D-3356-2014 OI Everaers, Ralf/0000-0002-6843-2753; NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 25 AR 257801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.257801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 880JD UT WOS:000225785200068 PM 15697942 ER PT J AU Zhang, JW Levy, PM Zhang, SF Antropov, V AF Zhang, JW Levy, PM Zhang, SF Antropov, V TI Identification of transverse spin currents in noncollinear magnetic structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CO/CU/CO PILLARS; MULTILAYERS; EXCITATION; WAVES AB In this Letter we construct a spinor transport theory and derive the equations of motion for the distribution functions for currents in noncollinear magnetic multilayers. We find the length scale which characterizes the transverse spin current is of the order of 3 nm for a ferromagnetic 3d transition metal such as Co; this alters one's prediction of the spin torque generated for free magnetic layers less than 3 nm. In the limit of large exchange splitting we reproduce the results previously found for spin currents across noncollinear multilayers inasmuch as there are no transverse spin currents in the layers themselves in this limit. C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Ames Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhang, JW (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Zhang, Shufeng/G-7833-2011 NR 19 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 25 AR 256602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.256602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 880JD UT WOS:000225785200049 PM 15697923 ER PT J AU Anderson, TM Neiwert, WA Kirk, ML Piccoli, PMB Schultz, AJ Koetzle, TF Musaev, DG Morokuma, K Cao, R Hill, CL AF Anderson, TM Neiwert, WA Kirk, ML Piccoli, PMB Schultz, AJ Koetzle, TF Musaev, DG Morokuma, K Cao, R Hill, CL TI A late-transition metal oxo complex: K7Na9[O=Pt-IV(H2O)L-2]. L = [PW9O34](9-) SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; ENZYMES; ACTIVATION; REACTIVITY; CONVERSION; CHEMISTRY AB Terminal mono-oxo complexes of the late transition metal elements have long been considered too unstable to synthesize because of repulsion between the oxygen electrons and the mostly fitted metal d orbitals. A platinum(IV)-oxo compound flanked by two polytungstate ligands, K7Na9[O=Pt(H2O)L-2], L = [PW9O34](9-), has now been prepared and isolated at room temperature as air-stable brown crystals. X-ray and neutron diffraction at 30 kelvin revealed a very short [1.720(18) angstrom] Pt-O bond and no evidence of a hydrogen atom at the terminal oxygen, ruling out a better precedented Pt-OH complex. Density functional theory and spectroscopic data account for the stability of the Pt(IV)-oxo unit by electron withdrawal into delocalized orbitals of the polytungstates. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hill, CL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM chill@emory.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-057378] NR 29 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 17 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5704 BP 2074 EP 2077 DI 10.1126/science.1104696 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 881CM UT WOS:000225841000057 PM 15564312 ER PT J AU Schwartzberg, AM Grant, CD Wolcott, A Talley, CE Huser, TR Bogomolni, R Zhang, JZ AF Schwartzberg, AM Grant, CD Wolcott, A Talley, CE Huser, TR Bogomolni, R Zhang, JZ TI Unique gold nanoparticle aggregates as a highly active surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RHODAMINE 6G MOLECULES; MANY-PARTICLE-SYSTEMS; AMINO-ACIDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILVER ELECTRODE; SINGLE-MOLECULE; SPECTROSCOPY; SERS; AG; BIOMOLECULES AB A unique gold nanoparticle aggregate (GNA) system has been shown to be an excellent substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. Rhodamine 6G (R6G), a common molecule used for testing SERS activity on silver, but generally difficult to detect on gold substrates, has been found to readily bind to the GNA and exhibit strong SERS activity due to the unique surface chemistry afforded by sulfur species on the surface. This GNA system has yielded a large SERS enhancement of 10(7)-10(9) in bulk solution for R6G, on par with or greater than any previously reported gold SERS substrate. SERS activity has also been successfully demonstrated for several biological molecules including adenine, L-cysteine, L-lysine, and L-histidine for the first time on a gold SERS substrate, showing the potential of this GNA as a convenient and powerful SERS substrate for biomolecular detection. In addition, the SERS spectrum of R6G on single aggregates has been measured. We have shown that the special surface properties of the GNA, in conjunction with strong near-IR absorption, make it useful for SERS analysis of a wide variety of molecules. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM zhang@chemistry.ucsc.edu RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 66 TC 249 Z9 251 U1 11 U2 116 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 50 BP 19191 EP 19197 DI 10.1021/jp048430p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 879CX UT WOS:000225695100020 ER PT J AU Burnham, AK Weese, RK Weeks, BL AF Burnham, AK Weese, RK Weeks, BL TI A distributed activation energy model of thermodynamically inhibited nucleation and growth reactions and its application to the beta-delta phase transition of HMX SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; CO2 PRESSURE; HEATING RATE; KINETICS; TEMPERATURE; OCTAHYDRO-1,3,5,7-TETRANITRO-1,3,5,7-TETRAZOCINE; PYROLYSIS; SOLIDS AB Detailed and global models are presented for thermodynamically inhibited nucleation-growth reactions and applied to the beta-delta phase transition of HMX (nitramine octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine). The detailed model contains separate kinetic parameters for the nucleation process, including an activation energy distribution resulting from a distribution of defect energies, and for movement of the resulting reaction interface within a single particle. A thermodynamic inhibition term is added to both processes so that the rates go to zero at the transition temperature. The global model adds the thermodynamic inhibition term to the extended Prout-Tompkins nucleation-growth formalism for single particles or powders. Model parameters are calibrated from differential scanning calorimetry data. The activation energy for nucleation (333 kJ/mol) is substantially higher than that for growth (29.3 kJ/mol). Use of a small activation energy distribution (similar to400 J/mol) for the defects improves the fit to a powered sample for both the early and late stages of the transition. The effective overall activation energy for the global model (208.8 kJ/mol) is between that of nucleation and growth. Comparison of the two models with experiment indicates the thermodynamic inhibition term is more important than the energy distribution feature for this transition. On the basis of the applicability of the Prout-Tompkins kinetics approach to a wide range of organic and inorganic materials, both models should have equally broad applicability for thermodynamically constrained reactions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM burnham1@llnl.gov RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 50 BP 19432 EP 19441 DI 10.1021/jp0483167 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 879CX UT WOS:000225695100056 ER PT J AU Eisebitt, S Luning, J Schlotter, WF Lorgen, M Hellwig, O Eberhardt, W Stohr, J AF Eisebitt, S Luning, J Schlotter, WF Lorgen, M Hellwig, O Eberhardt, W Stohr, J TI Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; PHASE AB Our knowledge of the structure of matter is largely based on X-ray diffraction studies of periodic structures and the successful transformation ( inversion) of the diffraction patterns into real-space atomic maps. But the determination of non-periodic nanoscale structures by X-rays is much more difficult. Inversion of the measured diffuse X-ray intensity patterns suffers from the intrinsic loss of phase information(1,2), and direct imaging methods are limited in resolution by the available X-ray optics(3). Here we demonstrate a versatile technique for imaging nanostructures, based on the use of resonantly tuned soft X-rays for scattering contrast and the direct Fourier inversion of a hololetters graphically formed interference pattern. Our implementation places the sample behind a lithographically manufactured mask with a micrometre-sized sample aperture and a nanometre-sized hole that defines a reference beam. As an example, we have used the resonant X-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect to image the random magnetic domain structure in a Co/Pt multilayer film with a spatial resolution of 50 nm. Our technique, which is a form of Fourier transformholography, is transferable to a wide variety of specimens, appears scalable to diffraction-limited resolution, and is well suited for ultrafast single-shot imaging with coherent X-ray free-electron laser sources(4). C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. BESSY MbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Eisebitt, S (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, SSRL, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM eisebitt@bessy.de; luning@stanford.edu NR 26 TC 340 Z9 344 U1 10 U2 88 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7019 BP 885 EP 888 DI 10.1038/nature03139 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 879QY UT WOS:000225733500048 PM 15602557 ER PT J AU Dixit, NM Layden-Almer, JE Layden, TJ Perelson, AS AF Dixit, NM Layden-Almer, JE Layden, TJ Perelson, AS TI Modelling how ribavirin improves interferon response rates in hepatitis C virus infection SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PLUS RIBAVIRIN; VIRAL DYNAMICS; COMBINATION THERAPY; INITIAL TREATMENT; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; MONOTHERAPY; PLACEBO; ALPHA; REPLICATION; EFFICACY AB Nearly 200 million individuals worldwide are currently infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV)(1). Combination therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, the latest treatment for HCV infection, elicits long-term responses in only about 50% of patients treated(2-4). No effective alternative treatments exist for non-responders(5). Consequently, significant efforts are continuing to maximize response to combination therapy(6,7). However, rational therapy optimization is precluded by the poor understanding of the mechanism(s) of ribavirin action against HCV8. Ribavirin alone induces either a transient early decline or no decrease in HCV viral load(9-12), but in combination with interferon it significantly improves long-term response rates(2-4,13-15). Here we present a model of HCV dynamics in which, on the basis of growing evidence(16-21), we assume that ribavirin decreases HCV infectivity in an infected individual in a dose-dependent manner. The model quantitatively predicts long-term response rates to interferon monotherapy and combination therapy, fits observed patterns of HCV RNA decline in patients undergoing therapy, reconciles conflicting observations of the influence of ribavirin on HCV RNA decline, provides key insights into the mechanism of ribavirin action against HCV, and establishes a framework for rational therapy optimization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 204 Z9 211 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7019 BP 922 EP 924 DI 10.1038/nature03153 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 879QY UT WOS:000225733500058 PM 15602565 ER PT J AU Breidenbach, MA Brunger, AT AF Breidenbach, MA Brunger, AT TI Substrate recognition strategy for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BLOCK NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; LIGHT-CHAIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SNARE MOTIF; TETANUS; COMPLEX; CLEAVAGE; SYNAPTOBREVIN; PROTEOLYSIS AB Clostridal neurotoxins (CNTs) are the causative agents of the neuroparalytic diseases botulism and tetanus(1,2). CNTs impair neuronal exocytosis through specific proteolysis of essential proteins called SNAREs(3). SNARE assembly into a low-energy ternary complex is believed to catalyse membrane fusion, precipitating neurotransmitter release; this process is attenuated in response to SNARE proteolysis(4-7). Site-specific SNARE hydrolysis is catalysed by the CNT light chains, a unique group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases(3). The means by which a CNT properly identifies and cleaves its target SNARE has been a subject of much speculation; it is thought to use one or more regions of enzyme substrate interaction remote from the active site (exosites)(8-10). Here we report the first structure of a CNT endopeptidase in complex with its target SNARE at a resolution of 2.1 Angstrom: botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) protease bound to human SNAP-25. The structure, together with enzyme kinetic data, reveals an array of exosites that determine substrate specificity. Substrate orientation is similar to that of the general zinc-dependent metalloprotease thermolysin(11). We observe significant structural changes near the toxin's catalytic pocket upon substrate binding, probably serving to render the protease competent for catalysis. The novel structures of the substrate-recognition exosites could be used for designing inhibitors specific to BoNT/A. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Brunger, AT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM brunger@stanford.edu OI Brunger, Axel/0000-0001-5121-2036 NR 30 TC 200 Z9 204 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 16 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7019 BP 925 EP 929 DI 10.1038/nature03123 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 879QY UT WOS:000225733500059 PM 15592454 ER PT J AU Hertzog, DE Michalet, X Jager, M Kong, XX Santiago, JG Weiss, S Bakajin, O AF Hertzog, DE Michalet, X Jager, M Kong, XX Santiago, JG Weiss, S Bakajin, O TI Femtomole mixer for microsecond kinetic studies of protein folding SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; COLD SHOCK PROTEIN; SINGLE-MOLECULE; CYTOCHROME-C; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; MICROCHANNELS; ADSORPTION; COMPACTION; MECHANISM; SURFACES AB We have developed a microfluidic mixer for studying protein folding and other reactions with a mixing time of 8 mus and sample consumption of femtomoles. This device enables us to access conformational changes under conditions far from equilibrium and at previously inaccessible time scales. In this paper, we discuss the design and optimization of the mixer using modeling of convective diffusion phenomena and a characterization of the mixer performance using microparticle image velocimetry, dye quenching, and Forster resonance energy-transfer (FRET) measurements of single-stranded DNA. We also demonstrate the feasibility of measuring fast protein folding kinetics using FRET with acyl-CoA binding protein. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bakajin, O (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bakajin@llnl.gov RI Bakajin, Olgica/A-9745-2008; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; Michalet, Xavier/A-9704-2009 OI weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; Michalet, Xavier/0000-0001-6602-7693 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HV-28183, N01HV28183]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01-GM65382, R01 GM065382] NR 48 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 24 BP 7169 EP 7178 DI 10.1021/ac048661s PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 880IH UT WOS:000225781700003 PM 15595857 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Elution of propranolol as an ion-pair complex by buffer solutions on C-18-Silica SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OVERLOADED BAND PROFILES; WATER MOBILE PHASES; IONIZABLE COMPOUNDS; ADSORPTION MECHANISM; ORGANIC-SOLVENT; KROMASIL C-18; PH VALUES; RETENTION; PERFORMANCE AB Propranolol (pK(a) = 9.4) was eluted on C-18-bonded Kromasil, equilibrated with buffer solutions of methanol and water (40/60, v/v) containing a constant concentration of a counteranion (12 mM). Nine different counter-anions were studied: Cl-, I-, NO3-, SO42-, CH3COO- , HOOCC2H4COO-, -OOCC2R4COO-, HOOCCOHCOOHCOO-, HOOCCOHCOO-COO-, and -OOCCOHCOO-COO-. The co-cation was K+ or Na+. Vacancy perturbations were measured on three concentration plateaus of propranolol hydrochloride, at 1.2, 12, and 24 mM, by injecting 100 muL of a pure mixture of methanol and water (40/60, v/v). Indirect detection of the solvent, the counteranion, the co-cation, and the chloride ion was carried out at 325 mn, a wavelength at which only propranolol responds. In a 1.2 mM propranolol hydrochloride solution, there is a 10-fold excess of counteranions and only a positive perturbation peak, due to the excluded co-cation and eluting before the column hold-up time, and a large vacancy peak, associated with propranolol, were recorded. Association between propranolol and the counteranion in excess determines the retention time of this second perturbation. The hydrophobicity of the complexes increases in the order Cl- < CH3COO- similar or equal to HOOCC2H4COO- < NO3 < I- < HOOCCOHCOOHCOO- < -OOCC2H4COO- < SO42- similar or equal to HOOCCOHCOO-COO- < -OOCCOHCOO-COO-. Propranolol retention is larger in the presence of the trivalent citrate anion than in that of the bivalent citrate, succinate, or sulfate anions. It is larger with these bivalent anions than with any monovalent anion. Equal concentration of propranolol hydrochloride and buffer in the mobile phase reveals five system peaks associated with the five components (solvent, counteranion, co-cation, chloride, propranolol molecules). In contrast with monovalent anions, bivalent anions (sulfate, succinate, citrate) or trivalent anions (citrate) cause a reversal of the elution order of the perturbation peaks of chloride anions and buffer molecules. This confirms a competition between chloride and buffer anions to form ion pairs with propranolol. The retention of the perturbation signal of the buffer increases with increasing anion charge because multivalent anions can bind to several molecules of propranolol. The perturbation measurements demonstrate the influence of the valence and hydrophobicity of the buffer on the retention of ionizable compounds. The inverse method allowed the derivation of the isotherm parameters from the overloaded band profiles of propranolol. These values confirm that adsorbate-adsorbate interactions increase with increasing valence of the anions. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 24 BP 7310 EP 7322 DI 10.1021/ac040026z PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 880IH UT WOS:000225781700020 PM 15595874 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA Tang, KQ Smith, RD AF Shvartsburg, AA Tang, KQ Smith, RD TI Understanding and designing field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry separations in gas mixtures SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESI-FAIMS-MS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MOBILITIES; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; HALOACETIC ACIDS; TRYPTIC PEPTIDES AB Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has significant potential for post-ionization separations in conjunction with MS analyses. FAIMS fractionates ion mixtures by exploiting the fact that ion mobilities in gases depend on the electric field in a manner specific to each ion. Nearly all previous work has used pure gases, for which FAIMS fundamentals are understood reasonably well; however, unexpected phenomena observed in some gas mixtures (e.g., N-2/CO2) but not in others (N-2/O-2) remain unexplained. Here, we introduce and experimentally test a universal model for FAIMS separations in mixtures, derived from formalisms that determine high-field mobilities in heteromolecular gases. Overall, the theoretical findings are consistent with data for N-2/CO2 (although quantitative discrepancies remain), while results for N-2/O-2 fit Blanc's law, in agreement with measurements. Calculations for He/N-2 and He/CO2 are also consistent with observations and suggest why adding He to the working gas generally enhances FAIMS performance. As predicted, mixtures of gases with extremely disparate molecular masses and collision cross sections, such as He/SF6, exhibit spectacular non-Blanc effects, which greatly improve the resolution and peak capacity of technique. Understanding FAIMS operation in gas mixtures is expected to enable the rational design of media for both targeted and global analyses. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shvartsburg, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K8-98,3335 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 70 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 24 BP 7366 EP 7374 DI 10.1021/ac049299k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 880IH UT WOS:000225781700027 PM 15595881 ER PT J AU McAteer, K Aceves-Gaona, A Michalczyk, R Buchko, GW Isern, NG Silks, LA Miller, JH Kennedy, MA AF McAteer, K Aceves-Gaona, A Michalczyk, R Buchko, GW Isern, NG Silks, LA Miller, JH Kennedy, MA TI Compensating bends in a 16-base-pair DNA oligomer containing a T(3)A(3) segment: A NMR study of global DNA curvature SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article DE T(n)A(n) segment; TpA step; residual dipolar couplings; radius of curvature analysis ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; RESIDUAL DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; DOUBLE-HELICAL DNA; MINOR-GROOVE; CURVED DNA; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; TRP PROMOTER; TPA STEPS; STRUCTURAL BASIS; BASE DYNAMICS AB In-phase ligated DNA containing T(n)A(n) segments fail to exhibit the retarded polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) migration observed for in-phase ligated A(n)T(n) segments, a behavior thought to be correlated with macroscopic DNA curvature. The lack of macroscopic curvature in ligated T(n)A(n) segments is thought to be due to cancellation of bending in regions flanking the TpA steps. To address this issue, solution-state NMR, including residual dipolar coupling (RDC) restraints, was used to determine a high-resolution structure of [d(CGAGGTTTAAACCTCG)(2)], a DNA oligomer containing a T(3)A(3) tract. The overall magnitude and direction of bending, including the regions flanking the central TpA step, was measured using a radius of curvature, R-c, analysis. The R-c for the overall molecule indicated a small magnitude of global bending (R-c = 138 +/- 23 nm) towards the major groove, whereas the R-c for the two halves (72 +/- 33 nm and 69 +/- 14 nm) indicated greater localized bending into the minor groove. The direction of bending in the regions flanking the TpA step is in partial opposition (109degrees), contributing to cancellation of bending. The cancellation of bending did not correlate with a pattern of roll values at the TpA step, or at the 5' and 3' junctions, of the T(3)A(3) segment, suggesting a simple junction/roll model is insufficient to predict cancellation of DNA bending in all T(n)A(n) junction sequence contexts. Importantly, R-c analysis of structures refined without RDC restraints lacked the precision and accuracy needed to reliably measure bending. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, NIH, Stable Isotope Resource, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kennedy, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma_kennedy@pnl.gov RI Isern, Nancy/J-8016-2013; Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015; OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061; Isern, Nancy/0000-0001-9571-8864; Michalczyk, Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473 NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 75 IS 6 BP 497 EP 511 DI 10.1002/bip.20168 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 877GT UT WOS:000225556600006 PM 15526287 ER PT J AU Muraoka-Cook, RS Kurokawa, H Koh, Y Forbes, JT Roebuck, LR Barcellos-Hoff, MH Moody, SE Chodosh, LA Arteaga, CL AF Muraoka-Cook, RS Kurokawa, H Koh, Y Forbes, JT Roebuck, LR Barcellos-Hoff, MH Moody, SE Chodosh, LA Arteaga, CL TI Conditional overexpression of active transforming growth factor beta 1 in vivo accelerates metastases of transgenic mammary tumors SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; PREOPERATIVE PLASMA-LEVELS; TGF-BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; CARCINOMA AB To address the role of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta in the progression of established tumors while avoiding the confounding inhibitory effects of TGF-beta on early transformation, we generated doxycycline (DOX)-inducible triple transgenic mice in which active TGF-beta1 expression could be conditionally regulated in mouse mammary tumor cells transformed by the polyomavirus middle T antigen. DOX-mediated induction of TGF-beta1 for as little as 2 weeks increased lung metastases >10-fold without a detectable effect on primary tumor cell proliferation or tumor size. DOX-induced active TGF-beta1 protein and nuclear Smad2 were restricted to cancer cells, suggesting a causal association between autocrine TGF-beta and increased metastases. Antisense-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta1 in polyomavirus middle T antigen-expressing tumor cells also reduced basal cell motility, survival, anchorage-independent growth, tumorigenicity, and metastases. Therefore, induction and/or activation of TGF-beta in hosts with established TGF-beta-responsive cancers can rapidly accelerate metastatic progression. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Div Oncol, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Ingram Comprehens Canc Ctr, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol & Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Abramson Family Canc Res Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Arteaga, CL (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Div Oncol, Sch Med, Dept Canc Biol, 2220 Pierce Ave,777 PRB, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM carlos.arteaga@vanderbilt.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R33 CA94393, CA68485, P50 CA98131, R01 CA62212, R01 CA92910]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG022413] NR 62 TC 107 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 64 IS 24 BP 9002 EP 9011 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2111 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 880SJ UT WOS:000225809200033 PM 15604265 ER PT J AU Floryk, D Tollaksen, SL Giometti, CS Huberman, E AF Floryk, D Tollaksen, SL Giometti, CS Huberman, E TI Differentiation of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells induced by inhibitors of inosine 5 '-monophosphate dehydrogenase SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ORGANELLES PROSTASOMES; HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA; HUMAN-SEMEN; IMP DEHYDROGENASE; MYCOPHENOLATE-MOFETIL; VITAMIN-D; EXPRESSION; LINES; PROTEIN; CARCINOMA AB To establish a system to study differentiation therapy drugs, we used the androgen-independent human prostate PC-3 tumor cell line as a target and mycophenolic acid (MPA), tiazofurin, or ribavirin, which are inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase, as inducers. These inhibitors evoked replication arrest, caused an increase in cell size, and triggered vacuolization of the cytoplasm. By Northern and Western blotting and immunostaining, we demonstrated MPA-induced expression of 12 proteins reported to reside in prostasomes, organelles released by secretory luminal prostate cells. Additional MPA-induced proteins were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Among these was keratin 17, a prostate cell differentiation marker. By Northern blotting, we also demonstrated the constitutive expression of keratins 8 and 18 and induced expression of keratin 19, three other prostate cell differentiation markers. In addition, we established that cells were committed to differentiate after the 2nd day of MPA treatment using guanosine, which can abrogate the effects of MPA. Based on the expression patterns of prostasomal proteins and keratins and the presence of tentative secretory vacuoles, we hypothesize that IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors induce androgen-independent PC-3 cells to mature into cells with a phenotype that resembles normal prostate luminal cells, but at their intermediate state of differentiation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Gene Express Grp, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huberman, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Gene Express Grp, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM elite@anl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 80826] NR 50 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 64 IS 24 BP 9049 EP 9056 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1553 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 880SJ UT WOS:000225809200039 PM 15604271 ER PT J AU Wilding, MC Benmore, CJ Tangeman, JA Sampath, S AF Wilding, MC Benmore, CJ Tangeman, JA Sampath, S TI Evidence of different structures in magnesium silicate liquids: coordination changes in forsterite- to enstatite-composition glasses SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnesium silicate liquids; forsterite; enstatite ID EXCITATION PROFILES; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; FORMING LIQUIDS; HIGH-PRESSURE; TRANSITION; CRYSTAL; MG2SIO4; MGSIO3; THERMOCHEMISTRY; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Combined neutron and X-ray diffraction data show changes in the structure of magnesium silicate glasses, ranging in composition from enstatite (MgSiO(3)) to forsterite (Mg(2)SiO(4)). The most abrupt change occurs in the narrow compositional range 38% SiO(2) to 33% SiO(2) (Mg(2)SiO(4)). These structural changes reflect a change from a glass characterized by corner shared SiO(4) tetrahedra and an approximately equal mixture Of MgO(4) and MgO(5) polyhedra, to one in which the average coordination of magnesium by oxygen is increased from 4.5 +/- 0.1 to 5.0 +/- 0.1. Both these local environments are very different from that of their crystalline counterparts. Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation fits to the experimental neutron, and X-ray diffraction data have been performed to extract the partial radial distribution functions for the enstatite and forsterite glasses. The structural changes are interpreted as a change in the underlying configurational landscape and are considered to be a manifestation of similar structural changes in the stable liquid. These configurational changes are associated with a discontinuous change in the theological properties of these glass-forming liquids close to the forsterite composition and suggest differences in the transport properties of magnesium silicate liquids at high pressure. Preliminary data on compressed magnesium silicate glasses indicates that higher coordinate Mg-O is expected to be more stable with increasing pressure. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Wilding, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mcwilding@ucdavis.edu OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 38 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 213 IS 1-3 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.055 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 883ME UT WOS:000226015700022 ER PT J AU Fantle, MS DePaolo, DJ AF Fantle, MS DePaolo, DJ TI Iron isotopic fractionation during continental weathering SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iron isotopes; weathering; rivers; soils; iron cycle ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; FE ISOTOPE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; OXIDATION-KINETICS; EOLIAN DEPOSITION; SEA SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; BLACK-SEA; DEEP-SEA; SEAWATER AB The effect of continental weathering on the iron isotope compositions of natural materials is investigated. Unweathered igneous rocks, pelagic clay, and dust fall within the range delta(56)Fe=0+/-0.3%upsilon. Rivers with lame suspended loads also have delta(56)Fe values near zero. Dilute streams have delta(56)Fe values that trend towards lower delta(56)Fe (similar to-1) suggesting that dissolved riverine iron is isotopically light relative to igneous rocks. Bulk soil and soil leaches display systematically different delta(56)Fe profiles indicating that isotopically distinct Fe pools are generated during pedogenesis. Nannofossil ooze, which contains Fe-scavenged from the ocean water column. has delta(56)Fe approximate to 0, but is consistent with seawater dissolved Fe having negative delta(56)Fe. It is inferred that continental weathering under modem oxidizing Earth surface conditions preferentially releases dissolved Fe with negative delta(56)Fe(2) which is transported in rivers to the ocean. A preliminary analysis of the marine Fe budget suggests that riverine Fe has a substantial role in determining the delta(56)Fe of both the modern and ancient oceans, but other inputs, particularly that from diagenesis of marine sediment, may also be important. Since the chemical pathways of Fe processing during weathering are, dependent on oxidation state and biological activity, Fe isotopes may prove useful for detecting changes in these parameters in the geologic past. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fantle, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Ctr Isotope Geochem, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mfantle@eps.berkeley.edu; depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu NR 87 TC 102 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 228 IS 3-4 BP 547 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.013 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 882JV UT WOS:000225936100024 ER PT J AU Wu, LY Thompson, DK Liu, XD Fields, MW Bagwell, CE Tiedje, JM Zhou, JZ AF Wu, LY Thompson, DK Liu, XD Fields, MW Bagwell, CE Tiedje, JM Zhou, JZ TI Development and evaluation of microarray-based whole-genome hybridization for detection of microorganisms within the context of environmental applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DENITRIFYING BACTERIA; DNA MICROARRAY; SP-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY AB The detection and identification of microorganisms in natural communities is a great challenge to biologists. Microarray-based genomic technology provides a promising high-throughput alternative to traditional microbial characterization. A novel prototype microarray containing whole genomic DNA, termed community genome array (CGA), was constructed and evaluated. Microarray hybridizations at 55 degreesC using 50% formamide permitted the examined bacteria to be distinguished at the species level, while strain-level differentiation was obtained at hybridization temperatures of 65 or 75 degreesC. The detection limit was estimated to be approximately 0.2 ng with genomic DNA from a single pure culture using a reduced hybridization volume (3 muL). Using mixtures of known amounts of DNA or a known number of cells from 14 or 16 different species, respectively, about 5 ng of genomic DNA or 2.5 x 10(5) cells were detected under the hybridization conditions used. In addition, strong linear relationships were observed between hybridization signal intensity and target DNA concentrations for pure cultures, a mixture of DNA templates, and a population of mixed cells(r(2) = 0.95-0.98, P < 0.01). Finally, the prototype CGA revealed differences in microbial community composition in soil, river, and marine sediments. The results suggest that CGA hybridization has potential as a specific, sensitive, and quantitative tool for detection and identification of microorganisms in environmental samples. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhouj@ornl.gov NR 46 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 24 BP 6775 EP 6782 DI 10.1021/es049508i PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 880AX UT WOS:000225761800048 PM 15669338 ER PT J AU Shamsi, A Shadle, LJ Seshadri, KS AF Shamsi, A Shadle, LJ Seshadri, KS TI Study of low-temperature oxidation of buckskin subbituminous coal and derived chars produced in ENCOAL process SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oxidation; buckskin subbituminous coal; ENCOAL process ID VICTORIAN BROWN COAL; OXYGEN; HEAT AB Low-temperature oxidation of buckskin subbituminous coal and derived chars produced in ENCOAL process was studied in a small-scale reactor at several experimental conditions. The consumption of oxygen and the generation of carbon monoxide occurred concurrently, while the formation of carbon dioxide was observed after a decline in the formation of carbon monoxide. The rate of carbon monoxide formation appears to be dependent on the moisture content of the reacting air, the moisture content of char, and the conditions at which the char is prepared. For example, higher concentration of carbon monoxide was produced from the moist air reacting with moisture-enriched char samples than with the dry air reacting with the as-received sample. This suggests that water plays an important role in the production of carbon monoxide. The activation energies and the first-order rate constants for oxygen consumption were measured and values agreed well with those found in the literature. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Parson Infrastruct & Technol Grp, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Shamsi, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880,3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM ashams@netl.doe.gov OI Shadle, Lawrence/0000-0002-6283-3628 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 86 IS 3 BP 275 EP 292 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2004.03.007 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 874ZK UT WOS:000225389000005 ER PT J AU Boscaini, E Alexander, ML Prazeller, P Mark, TD AF Boscaini, E Alexander, ML Prazeller, P Mark, TD TI Membrane inlet proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (MI-PTRMS) for direct measurements of VOCs in water SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Proton Transfer Mass Spectrometry CY JAN, 2003 CL Igls, AUSTRIA DE VOCs; MI-PTRMS; water; quantitative analysis ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AMBIENT AIR; MS AB The use of a membrane inlet proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (MI-PTRMS) system was investigated for the quantitative analysis of VOCs directly from water. Compounds playing an important role in environmental, biological and health issues such as methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, dimethylsulfide (DMS), isoprene, benzene, and toluene have been analyzed both in fresh and salty water. The system shows very good sensitivity, reproducibility, and a linear response of up to five orders of magnitude. The detection limit for DMS is about 100 ppt and for methanol is about 10 ppb both in fresh and salty water. The response time of the various compounds across the membrane is on the order of a few minutes. This fast response and the fact that the PTRMS can perform absolute measurements without the necessity of calibration make the system suitable for on-line and -site measurements of VOCs directly from water. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Mark, TD (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM elena.boscaini@uibk.ac.at; michael.alexander@pnl.gov; peter.prazeller@pnl.gov; tilmann.maerk@uibk.ac.at RI Mark, Tilmann/J-1650-2014 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 239 IS 2-3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.09.029 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 881XG UT WOS:000225902200011 ER PT J AU Boscaini, E Alexander, ML Prazeller, P Mark, TD AF Boscaini, E Alexander, ML Prazeller, P Mark, TD TI Investigation of fundamental physical properties of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTRMS) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Proton Transfer Mass Spectrometry CY JAN, 2003 CL Igls, AUSTRIA DE membrane-introduction-proton-transfer-mass-spectrometry; membrane introduction mass spectrometry; diffusion and partition coefficients; permeability; activation energy ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MS; PERMEATION; FOOD; AIR AB A membrane introduction proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (MI-PTRMS) has been employed for the characterisation of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. For this purpose the diffusion and partition coefficients (which serve as a measure for solubility) have been determined experimentally for different classes of chemical compounds both non-polar and polar species, i.e., aromatics, alcohols, and ketones. It turned out that not only polar compounds exhibit strong interaction with a hydrophobic membrane such as the PDMS, but also non-polar compounds as trimethylbenzene or propylbenzene show strong interaction with a PDMS membrane. Stronger analyte-membrane interaction leads to a slower diffusion coefficient and larger partition coefficient. The effect of the temperature on the diffusion coefficient and partition coefficient has also been investigated, i.e., at higher temperature diffusion becomes faster and solubility lower. Permeability can be calculated from diffusion and partition coefficients and the activation energy has been derived from corresponding Arrhenius plots. The MI-PTRMS system shows detection limits in the order of tens of ppt, and its response is linear for more than four orders of magnitude. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Comenius Univ, Dept Plasma Phys, SK-84248 Bratislava, Slovakia. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Mark, TD (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM Tilmann.Maerk@uibk.ac.at RI Mark, Tilmann/J-1650-2014 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 239 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.08.011 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 881XG UT WOS:000225902200012 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Averitt, RD Nastasi, M AF Lee, JK Averitt, RD Nastasi, M TI Boron-enhanced blistering and exfoliation in hydrogen-implanted SrTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INSULATOR MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC LOSS; SILICON; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS; DEVICES; CUT; SI AB The blistering behavior and the exfoliation of SrTiO3 single crystals were investigated using co-implantation with boron and hydrogen. In contrast to H-only-implantation, co-implantation of B+ with 1x10(15) ions/cm(2) at 80 kV and H+ with 5x10(16) ions/cm(2) at 40 kV caused a vigorous blistering and a complete exfoliation during the annealing process. A comparison of the blistering depth and the hydrogen distribution in the co-implanted samples revealed that the exfoliation did not occur in the regions of maximum hydrogen concentration or maximum hydrogen-related radiation damage. It occurred at the crossover of the boron distribution profile and hydrogen distribution profile. With the aid of an elastic recoil detection and the Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in the channeling mode, the preimplanted boron was found to facilitate the long-range H movement into the B-implanted region, resulting in the chemical interaction between B and H. A bond analysis obtained from the Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy showed that B-H interactions resulted in the formation of boron hydride. It is proposed that the boron hydride formation and decomposition upon annealing provided the needed gas pressure for the complete exfoliation of B+H co-implanted SrTiO3 crystals. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755,MST-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jklee@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7045 EP 7051 DI 10.1063/1.1804623 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400013 ER PT J AU Floro, JA Follstaedt, DM Provencio, P Hearne, SJ Lee, SR AF Floro, JA Follstaedt, DM Provencio, P Hearne, SJ Lee, SR TI Misfit dislocation formation in the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; STRAIN; GAN; HETEROSTRUCTURES; RELAXATION; CURVATURE; SUBSTRATE; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; FILMS AB Heteroepitaxial growth of AlxGa1-xN alloy films on GaN results in large tensile strain due to the lattice mismatch. During growth, this strain is partially relieved both by crack formation and by the coupled introduction of dense misfit dislocation arrays. Extensive transmission electron microscopy measurements show that the misfit dislocations enter the film by pyramidal glide of half loops on the 1/3<(11) under bar 23>/{11 (2) under bar2} slip system, which is a well-known secondary slip system in hcp metals. Unlike the hcp case, however, where shuffle-type dislocations must be invoked for this slip plane, we show that glide-type dislocations are also possible. Comparisons of measured and theoretical critical thicknesses show that fully strained films can be grown into the metastable regime, which we attribute to limitations on defect nucleation. At advanced stages of relaxation, interfacial multiplication of dislocations dominates the strain relaxation process. This work demonstrates that misfit dislocations are important mechanisms for relaxation of strained III-nitride heterostructures that can contribute significantly to the overall defect density. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Floro, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jafloro@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7087 EP 7094 DI 10.1063/1.1812361 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400019 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Misra, A AF Zhang, X Misra, A TI Residual stresses in sputter-deposited copper/330 stainless steel multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN METAL-FILMS; ENERGETIC PARTICLE DEPOSITION; INTERFACE STRESS; INTRINSIC STRESS; ELASTIC-MODULI; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; POLYCRYSTALLINE AB The evolution of residual stresses as a function of bilayer period from 10 nm to 1 mum in sputter-deposited Cu/330 stainless-steel (SS) multilayered films is evaluated by the substrate curvature technique. The multilayer stress evolution is compared with residual stresses in single layer Cu films and single layer 330 SS films, also measured by substrate curvature technique, with respective film thicknesses varying from 5 to 500 nm. Both single layer and multilayer films exhibit high tensile residual stresses that increase with decreasing layer thickness, but are found to be lower than the respective yield strengths. The intrinsic tensile residual stress evolution with film thickness is explained using the island coalescence model. The difference between the multilayer residual stress and the average residual stresses in single-layered Cu and 330 SS films is interpreted in terms of interface stress. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zhangx@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Zhang, Xinghang/H-6764-2013 OI Zhang, Xinghang/0000-0002-8380-8667 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7173 EP 7178 DI 10.1063/1.1813617 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400032 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Kim, SK Kortright, JB AF Lee, KS Kim, SK Kortright, JB TI Soft x-ray resonant magneto-optical Kerr effect as a depth-sensitive probe of magnetic heterogeneity: Its application to resolve helical spin structures using linear p polarization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; FILMS; FE; BEHAVIOR AB We have calculated the soft x-ray resonant Kerr intensities as a function of the incident grazing angle of linearly p-polarized waves from the model spin structures, where the chirality (handedness) of the spin spirals (twist in depth) in a magnetic layer and the periodicity of a unit spiral are designed to vary. Variations in the chirality and the periodicity lead to noticeable changes in the Kerr intensity versus the grazing angle, which is due not only to a large sensitivity of the Kerr intensity of the linear p polarization to both the magnitude and direction of the transverse components of magnetizations, but also to a large dependence of the depth sensitivity on the grazing angle at the resonance regions. The measurement and analysis of the specular Kerr intensity are relatively straightforward in determining the inhomogeneous spin structures in depth, compared to those of the Kerr rotation and ellipticity. This is proven to be a convenient and useful probe to determine the handedness of spin spiral structures, as well as to resolve the detailed magnetic heterostructures in depth in ultrathin-layered films. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Nanospintron Lab, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Res Inst Adv Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SK (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Nanospintron Lab, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM sangkoog@snu.ac.kr RI Kim, Sang-Koog/J-4638-2014 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7414 EP 7419 DI 10.1063/1.1806535 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400070 ER PT J AU Lee, JK Yi, JY Hong, KS AF Lee, JK Yi, JY Hong, KS TI Physical mechanism for orientation dependence of ferroelectric fatigue in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-5% PbTiO3 crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; THIN-FILMS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; POLARIZATION REVERSAL; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CERAMICS; STRESS AB The underlying phenomenology of the crystallographic orientation dependence on ferroelectric fatigue behavior was investigated in rhombohedral Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-5% PbTiO3 (PZN-5PT) crystals. It was recently found that an electric field (E field) application along the <001> direction of PZN-5PT crystal did not induce the fatigue to 10(5) cycles of bipolar electric field cycling (switching), while the ferroelectric fatigue became evident from 10(3) cycles of polarization switching along the <111> direction. In this study, the dependence of ferroelectric fatigue on the crystal orientation is explained by changes in internal stress, switching mechanisms, and domain configuration. The magnitude of the in-plane tensile strain was a maximum during a domain switching in <111> oriented crystals, resulting in the suppressed motion of domain boundaries in <111> oriented crystals. In addition to the stress, differences in domain switching mechanisms and domain boundary density for <001> and <111> oriented crystals contributed to the orientation dependence of ferroelectric fatigue. Sideways domain growth became dominant and domain width increased when the E field was applied along the <111> direction. Sideways domain growth of <111> oriented crystal swept oxygen vacancies of the domains during the consecutive switching process, leading to the effective accumulation of oxygen vacancies at the domain boundaries. Smaller domain boundary densities found in <111> oriented crystals, in comparison to <100> oriented crystals, also contributed to the increase in the density of accumulated oxygen vacancies at domain boundaries after sweeping oxygen vacancies of the domains, due to the impact of increased E-field cycling and cumulative switching. High in-plane tensile stress and a high concentration of oxygen vacancies at the domain boundaries due to sideways growth and small domain boundary density were suggested to pin the movement of domain boundaries and enhance the fatigue in <111> oriented crystals. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jklee@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7471 EP 7475 DI 10.1063/1.1812815 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400081 ER PT J AU Dou, SX Braccini, V Soltanian, S Klie, R Zhu, Y Li, S Wang, XL Larbalestier, D AF Dou, SX Braccini, V Soltanian, S Klie, R Zhu, Y Li, S Wang, XL Larbalestier, D TI Nanoscale-SiC doping for enhancing Jc and Hc2 in superconducting MgB2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; IRREVERSIBILITY FIELD; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; ENHANCEMENT; TAPES; WIRES AB The effect of nanoscale-SiC doping of MgB2 was investigated in comparison with undoped, clean-limit, and Mg-vapor-exposed samples using transport and magnetic measurements. It was found that there are two distinguishable but related mechanisms that control the critical current-density-field J(c)(H) behavior: increase of upper critical field H-c2 and improvement of flux pinning. There is a clear correlation between the critical temperature T-c, the resistivity rho, the residual resistivity ratio RRR=R(300 K)/R(40 K), the irreversibility field H*, and the alloying state in the samples. The H-c2 is about the same within the measured field range for both the Mg-vapor-treated and the SiC-doped samples. However, the J(c)(H) for the latter is higher than the former in a high-field regime by an order of magnitude. Mg vapor treatment induced intrinsic scattering and contributed to an increase in H-c2. SiC doping, on the other hand, introduced many nanoscale precipitates and disorder at B and Mg sites, provoking an increase of rho(40 K) from 1 muOmega cm (RRR=15) for the clean-limit sample to 300 muOmega cm (RRR=1.75) for the SiC-doped sample, leading to significant enhancement of both H-c2 and H* with only a minor effect on T-c. Electron energy-loss spectroscope and transmission electron microscope analysis revealed impurity phases: Mg2Si, MgO, MgB4, BOx, SixByOz, and BC at a scale below 10 nm and an extensive domain structure of 2-4-nm domains in the doped sample, which serve as strong pinning centers. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wollongong, Inst Superconducting & Elect Mat, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Univ Wisconsin, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Appl Conduct Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Adv Mat Res Ctr, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Dou, SX (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Inst Superconducting & Elect Mat, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM shi_dou@uow.edu.au RI Li, Sean/E-8910-2010; Dou, Shi Xue/D-5179-2012; Wang, Xiaolin/K-1481-2014; Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; Soltanian, Saeid/F-6932-2015 OI Dou, Shi Xue/0000-0003-3824-7693; Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; NR 26 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7549 EP 7555 DI 10.1063/1.1814415 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400093 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Ryan, P Freeland, JW Rosenberg, RA AF Ma, Q Ryan, P Freeland, JW Rosenberg, RA TI Thermal effect on the oxides on Nb(100) studied by synchrotron-radiation x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NIOBIUM 100 SURFACE; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; OXYGEN; NB; PHOTOEMISSION; OXIDATION; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CAVITIES; NITROGEN; XPS AB Synchrotron-radiation glancing-incidence and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is used to study the oxides grown in air on a single-crystal Nb(100) surface. Both core-level and valance-band PES are measured for various heat treatments. Glancing-incidence excitation was used to characterize the outer 2-nm Nb2O5 layer without influence from the substrate and to profile through various oxides by varying the incidence angle. Immediately adjacent to this amorphous layer is a layer of NbO2, which contributes to the density of states at 1.2 eV below the Fermi level. Thereafter, there exist other oxides that interface with the metal substrate. Annealing at 430 K induces a "mild" chemical reaction, which is contained essentially in the oxide layer. Annealing at 550 K causes oxygen diffusion into the metal and leaves an oxide layer consisting primarily of Nb2O and a roughened surface, as evidenced by angle-resolved photoemission measurements. Oxide composition alteration caused by annealing at these moderated temperatures is believed to be interface mediated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM q-ma@northwestern.edu RI Rosenberg, Richard/K-3442-2012 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7675 EP 7680 DI 10.1063/1.1809774 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400111 ER PT J AU Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Nastasi, M AF Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Nastasi, M TI Comparison between radical- and energetic ion-induced growth of SiCxNy films in plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON CARBONITRIDE FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; SYNERGISM; COATINGS; HARDNESS AB Ternary SiCxNy compounds are materials with some remarkable properties such as high oxidation resistance and high hardness. In this work we compare the properties of SiCxNy films obtained using radio-frequency (rf) and pulsed glow discharge (PGD) plasmas with combinations of SiH4, C2H2, N-2, and Ar source gases. The pulsed voltage used for the rf deposition was 200 V and for the PGD deposition it was 4 kV. During the rf growth, the growth takes place mostly by attaching neutral radicals to form chemical bonds. In the PGD method, the deposition takes place by subplantation and surface activation by energetic ions. We show that in the case of low-energy RF deposition, a high relative number of C-N bonds with sp(3) hybridization is formed and very few Si-C bonds can be observed. Apparently the growth of carbon nitride and silicon nitride networks takes place independently. This indicates that SiH3 radicals attach to the dangling bonds of silicon and nitrogen, whereas C2H radicals attach to the dangling bonds of carbon and nitrogen. During pulsed glow discharge deposition, bonds between all three components are formed apparently by means of subplantation and damage-induced disorder. The hardness of the PGD films exceed that of the RF films, showing that to form a dense SiCxNy film one has to either supply energy during the growth of the films by heating the substrate, as in the case of chemical vapor deposition or by using energetic ions. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nastasi, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nasty@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7681 EP 7685 DI 10.1063/1.1812587 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400112 ER PT J AU Menikoff, R AF Menikoff, R TI Constitutive model for polymethyl methacrylate at high pressure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOADED POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; COMPRESSION; YIELD; DEPENDENCE; STRESSES; IMPACT; PMMA AB A constitutive model of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is developed for use in analyzing experiments with a velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) diagnostic that utilize PMMA as a window material. A thermodynamically consistent, fully three dimensional rate dependent elastic-plastic model is calibrated to data for (i) shock speed, (ii) release wave speed behind shock, (iii) shear stress behind shock, (iv) shear wave speed from static compression and (v) shock wave profiles. The model is intended for the regime of shock experiments; microsecond time scale and stress up to 10 GPa. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Menikoff, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rtm@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7696 EP 7704 DI 10.1063/1.1812820 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400114 ER PT J AU Liao, XZ Sharma, A Wei, M MacManus-Driscoll, JL Branford, W Cohen, LF Bugoslavsky, Y Zhu, YT Peterson, DE Jiang, YB Xu, HF AF Liao, XZ Sharma, A Wei, M MacManus-Driscoll, JL Branford, W Cohen, LF Bugoslavsky, Y Zhu, YT Peterson, DE Jiang, YB Xu, HF TI Highly disordered intergrowths in Sr2FeMoO6 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE MAGNETORESISTANCE; OXYGEN STOICHIOMETRY; DOUBLE-PEROVSKITE; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIZATION; PHASE AB Two Sr2FeMoO6 samples, synthesized under different conditions and showing very different magnetotransport properties, were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. The different magnetoresistive behaviors observed in the two samples coincide with the formation of different amounts of striped areas intergrown in the samples. The striped areas are comprised of a disordered and cation deficient phase, SrFe1-x-yMox-zO3-delta. The sample magnetization and magnetoresistance values decrease significantly with an increased presence of the striped phase. The striped phase was promoted by typical reducing formation conditions for Sr2FeMoO6 in Ar-1% H-2 gas. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Liao, XZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xzliao@uchicago.edu; jld35@hermes.cam.ac.uk RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Branford, Will/K-4375-2012 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; Branford, Will/0000-0002-4821-4097 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7747 EP 7749 DI 10.1063/1.1812585 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400121 ER PT J AU Ardavan, A Hayes, W Singleton, J Ardavan, H Fopma, J Halliday, D AF Ardavan, A Hayes, W Singleton, J Ardavan, H Fopma, J Halliday, D TI Experimental observation of nonspherically-decaying radiation from a rotating superluminal source (vol 96, pg 4614, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; POLARIZATION CURRENTS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; PULSES; GENERATION AB We describe the experimental implementation of a superluminal (i.e., faster than light in vacuo) polarization current distribution that both oscillates and undergoes centripetal acceleration. Theoretical treatments predict that the radiation emitted by each volume element of the superluminally moving distribution pattern will comprise a erenkov-like envelope with two sheets that meet along a cusp. Correspondingly, the emission from the experimental machine is found to be tightly beamed in both the azimuthal and polar directions. The beaming is frequency independent and has a sharply defined and unchanging geometry determined only by the speed and path of the moving distribution pattern, i.e., by the parameters governing the structure of the erenkov-like envelopes. In addition, over a restricted range of angles, we detect the presence of cusps in the emitted radiation. These, which are due to the focusing of wave fronts on a propagating space curve, result in the reception, during a short time period, of radiation emitted over a considerably longer period of (retarded) source time. The intensity of the radiation at these angles was observed to decline more slowly with increasing distance from the source than would the emission from a conventional antenna. The angular distribution of the emitted radiation and the properties associated with the cusps are in good quantitative agreement with theoretical models of superluminal sources once the effect of reflections from the earths surface are taken into account. In particular, the prediction that the beaming and the slow decay should extend into the far zone has been tested to several hundred Fresnel distances (Rayleigh ranges). The excellent agreement between the theoretical calculations and the data suggests that the apparatus achieves precise and reproducible control of the polarization current and that similar machines could be of general interest for studying and utilizing the novel effects associated with superluminal electrodynamics. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Denys Wilkinson Lab, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Ardavan, A (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 12 BP 7760 EP 7777 DI 10.1063/1.1833393 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 876FR UT WOS:000225482400126 ER PT J AU Harrison, RJ Fann, GI Yanai, T Gan, Z Beylkin, G AF Harrison, RJ Fann, GI Yanai, T Gan, Z Beylkin, G TI Multiresolution quantum chemistry: Basic theory and initial applications SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; KOHN-SHAM EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; ATOMIC-ORBITALS; WAVELET BASES; REPRESENTATION AB We describe a multiresolution solver for the all-electron local density approximation Kohn-Sham equations for general polyatomic molecules. The resulting solutions are obtained to a user-specified precision and the computational cost of applying all operators scales linearly with the number of parameters. The construction and use of separated forms for operators (here, the Green's functions for the Poisson and bound-state Helmholtz equations) enable practical computation in three and higher dimensions. Initial applications include the alkali-earth atoms down to strontium and the water and benzene molecules. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Harrison, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Beylkin, Gregory/G-6653-2011 OI BEYLKIN, GREGORY/0000-0003-3447-1460; NR 54 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 23 BP 11587 EP 11598 DI 10.1063/1.1791051 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RU UT WOS:000225440200010 PM 15634124 ER PT J AU de Lange, MJL Stolte, S Taatjes, CA Klos, J Groenenboom, GC van der Avoird, A AF de Lange, MJL Stolte, S Taatjes, CA Klos, J Groenenboom, GC van der Avoird, A TI Steric asymmetry and lambda-doublet propensities in state-to-state rotationally inelastic scattering of NO((2)Pi(1/2)) with He SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; MULTIPLET-CHANGING COLLISIONS; TRIPLET EXCITATION SPECTRUM; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; NO-AR COLLISIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; MOLECULAR-BEAMS; ALIGNMENT; (2)PI) AB Relative integrated cross sections are measured for rotationally inelastic scattering of NO((2)Pi(1/2)), hexapole selected in the upper Lambda-doublet level of the ground rotational state (j=0.5), in collisions with He at a nominal energy of 514 cm-1. Application of a static electric field E in the scattering region, directed parallel or antiparallel to the relative velocity vector v, allows the state-selected NO molecule to be oriented with either the N end or the O end towards the incoming He atom. Laser-induced fluorescence detection of the final state of the NO molecule is used to determine the experimental steric asymmetry, SA=(sigma(vup arrowdown arrowE)-sigma(vup arrowup arrowE))/(sigma(vup arrowdown arrowE)+sigma(vup arrowup arrowE)), which is equal to within a factor of (-1) to the molecular steric effect, Si-->f=(sigma(He-->NO)-sigma(He-->ON))/(sigma(He-->NO)+sigma(He-->ON)). The dependence of the integral inelastic cross section on the incoming Lambda-doublet component is also observed as a function of the final rotational (j(')), spin-orbit (Omega'), and Lambda-doublet (epsilon') state. The measured steric asymmetries are significantly larger than previously observed for NO-Ar scattering, supporting earlier proposals that the repulsive part of the interaction potential is responsible for the steric asymmetry. In contrast to the case of scattering with Ar, the steric asymmetry of NO-He collisions is not very sensitive to the value of Omega'. However, the Lambda-doublet propensities are very different for [Omega=0.5(F-1)-->Omega(')=1.5(F-2)] and [Omega=0.5(F-1)-->Omega(')=0.5(F-1)] transitions. Spin-orbit manifold conserving collisions exhibit a propensity for parity conservation at low Deltaj, but spin-orbit manifold changing collisions do not show this propensity. In conjunction with the experiments, state-to-state cross sections for scattering of oriented NO((2)Pi) molecules with He atoms are predicted from close-coupling calculations on restricted coupled-cluster methods including single, double, and noniterated triple excitations [J. Klos, G. Chalasinski, M. T. Berry, R. Bukowski, and S. M. Cybulski, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 2195 (2000)] and correlated electron-pair approximation [M. Yang and M. H. Alexander, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 6973 (1995)] potential energy surfaces. The calculated steric asymmetry Si-->f of the inelastic cross sections at E-tr=514 cm(-1) is in reasonable agreement with that derived from the present experimental measurements for both spin-manifold conserving (F-1-->F-1) and spin-manifold changing (F-1-->F-2) collisions, except that the overall sign of the effect is opposite. Additionally, calculated field-free integral cross sections for collisions at E-tr=508 cm(-1) are compared to the experimental data of Joswig [J. Chem. Phys. 85, 1904 (1986)]. Finally, the calculated differential cross section for collision energy E-tr=491 cm(-1) is compared to experimental data of Westley [J. Chem. Phys. 114, 2669 (2001)] for the spin-orbit conserving transition F-1 (j=0.5)-->F(1)f (j(')=3.5). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Exact Sci, Ctr Laser, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Exact Sci, Dept Phys Chem, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Nijmegen, NSRIM, Inst Theoret Chem, NL-6526 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Stolte, S (reprint author), Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Exact Sci, Ctr Laser, Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM stolte@few.vu.nl; jklos@mail.umd.edu RI Klos, Jacek/A-6457-2008; Groenenboom, Gerrit/F-9692-2015 OI Klos, Jacek/0000-0002-7407-303X; NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 23 BP 11691 EP 11701 DI 10.1063/1.1818123 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RU UT WOS:000225440200021 PM 15634135 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ AF Stevens, MJ TI Coarse-grained simulations of lipid bilayers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CHAIN-LENGTH; MEMBRANES; ELASTICITY; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; LECITHIN; SYSTEMS; STRESS; AREA AB A minimal model of lipid molecules consisting of bead-spring representation is developed. The basic interactions are hydrophobic and polar interactions. Essential physical features of lipid bilayers are maintained using this model, and relatively long times can be simulated in comparison to atomistic models. Self-assembly from a random starting configuration to a bilayer can readily be followed using molecular dynamics simulations. The diffusion of lipid molecules well beyond their nearest neighbors is attained. As a basis for description of the model, the area per lipid, the bending modulus, and the area compressibility as a function of temperature and tail length are calculated. A liquid to gel transition is observed and quantitatively characterized. Both saturated and unsaturated lipids are treated. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 43 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 23 BP 11942 EP 11948 DI 10.1063/1.1814058 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RU UT WOS:000225440200042 PM 15634156 ER PT J AU Beaman, JJ Williamson, RL Melgaard, DK Shelmidine, GJ Hamel, JC AF Beaman, JJ Williamson, RL Melgaard, DK Shelmidine, GJ Hamel, JC TI Model based gap and melt rate control for VAR of Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Liquid Metals CY SEP, 2003 CL Nancy, FRANCE AB A new controller has been designed for vacuum arc remelting titanium alloys based on an accurate, low order, nonlinear, melting model. The controller adjusts melting current and electrode drive speed to match estimated gap and melt rate with operator supplied reference values. Estimates of gap and melt rate are obtained by optimally combining predictions from the model with measurements of voltage, current, and electrode position. Controller tests were carried out at Timet Corporation's Henderson Technical Laboratory in Henderson, Nevada. Previous test results were used to correlate measured gap to voltage and current. A controller test melt was performed wherein a 0.279 m diameter Ti-6Al-4V electrode was melted into 0.356 m diameter ingot. Commanded melt rate was varied from 20 to 90 g/s and commanded gap was held at 1.5 cm. Because no measure of electrode weight was available on the test furnace, electrode position data were analyzed and the results used to determine the actual melt rate. A gap-voltage-current factor space model was used to check estimated gap. The controller performed well, and both melt rate and electrode gap control were successfully demonstrated. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Liquid Met Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Timet Corp, Henderson, NV 89009 USA. RP Beaman, JJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM rodwill@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 24 BP 7153 EP 7159 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000048726.57741.de PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 895ZT UT WOS:000226904900004 ER PT J AU Williamson, RL Beaman, JJ Melgaard, DK Shelmidine, GJ Patel, AD Adasczik, CB AF Williamson, RL Beaman, JJ Melgaard, DK Shelmidine, GJ Patel, AD Adasczik, CB TI A demonstration of melt rate control during VAR of "Cracked" electrodes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Liquid Metals CY SEP, 2003 CL Nancy, FRANCE AB A particularly challenging problem associated with vacuum arc remelting occurs when trying to maintain accurate control of electrode melt rate as the melt zone passes through a transverse crack in the electrode. As the melt zone approaches the crack, poor heat conduction across the crack drives the local temperature in the electrode tip above its steady-state value, causing the controller to cut back on melting current in response to an increase in melting efficiency. The difficulty arises when the melt zone passes through the crack and encounters the relatively cold metal on the other side, giving rise to an abrupt drop in melt rate. This extremely dynamic melting situation is very difficult to handle using standard load-cell based melt rate control, resulting in large melt rate excursions. We have designed and tested a new generation melt rate controller that is capable of controlling melt rate through crack events. The controller is designed around an accurate dynamic melting model that uses four process variables: electrode tip thermal boundary layer, electrode gap, electrode mass and melting efficiency. Tests, jointly sponsored by the Specialty Metals Processing Consortium and Sandia National Laboratories, were performed at Carpenter Technology Corporation wherein two 0.43 m diameter Pyrome(R)1718 electrodes were melted into 0.51 m diameter ingots. Each electrode was cut approximately halfway through its diameter with an abrasive saw to simulate an electrode crack. Relatively accurate melt rate control through the cuts was demonstrated despite the observation of severe arc disturbances and loss of electrode gap control. Subsequent to remelting, one ingot was sectioned in the "as cast" condition, whereas the other was forged to 0.20 m diameter billet. Macrostructural characterization showed solidification white spots in regions affected by the cut in the electrode. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Liquid Met Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Liquid Met Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Carpenter Technol Corp, Reading, PA 19601 USA. RP Williamson, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Liquid Met Proc Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rodwill@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 24 BP 7161 EP 7168 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000048727.61313.5e PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 895ZT UT WOS:000226904900005 ER PT J AU Baumann, TF Satcher, JH AF Baumann, TF Satcher, JH TI Template-directed synthesis of periodic macroporous organic and carbon aerogels SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; 3-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS; POLYSTYRENE SPHERES; OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS; COLLOIDAL SPHERES; SPHERICAL PORES; POROUS SILICA; FABRICATION; TITANIA AB We describe a general procedure for the synthesis of ordered macroporous resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) and carbon aerogels (CA) in which colloidal crystals of polystyrene (PS) spheres were used as templates. With this approach, ordered arrays of PS spheres are infused with a resorcinol-formaldehyde sol-gel solution. Following gelation of the sol, the RF/PS composite was washed with toluene to remove the template. Periodic macroporous RF aerogels were obtained after supercritical drying with liquid carbon dioxide. These materials can then be carbonized under a nitrogen atmosphere to afford the corresponding macroporous CAs. Scanning electron microscopic examination shows that both the organic and carbon materials consist of many hexagonally ordered domains of spherical cavities with different crystal orientations, reflecting the symmetry of the original PS template. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baumann, TF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-092, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM baumann2@llnl.gov NR 51 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.05.018 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200018 ER PT J AU Gash, AE Satcher, JH Simpson, RL AF Gash, AE Satcher, JH Simpson, RL TI Monolithic nickel(II)-based aerogels using an organic epoxide: the importance of the counterion SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS; NICKEL-OXIDE; TRANSITION; PRECURSORS; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY AB The synthesis and characterization of nickel(II)-based aerogel materials prepared using the epoxide addition method is described. The addition of the organic epoxide propylene oxide to an ethanolic solution of NiCl2.6H(2)O resulted in the formation of an opaque light green monolithic gel and subsequent drying with supercritical CO2 gave a monolithic aerogel material of the same color. This material has been characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. The results indicate that the nickel(II)-based aerogel has very low bulk density (98 kgm(-3) (similar to98% porous)), high surface area (413 m(2)g(-1)), and has a particulate-type aerogel microstructure made up of very fine spherical particles with an open porous network. By comparison, a precipitate of Ni-3(NO3)(2)(OH)(4) is obtained when the same preparation is attempted with the common Ni(NO3)(2).6H(2)O salt as the precursor. The implications of the difference of reactivity of the two different precursors are discussed in the context of the mechanism of get formation via the epoxide addition method. The synthesis of nickel(II)-based aerogel, using the epoxide addition method, is especially unique in our experience. It is our first example of the successful preparation of a metal-oxide-based aerogel using a divalent metal ion and may have implications for the application of this method to the preparation of aerogels or nanoparticles of other divalent metal oxides. To our knowledge this is the first report of a monolithic pure nickel(II)-based aerogel materials. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gash, AE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-092, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gash2@llnl.gov NR 29 TC 74 Z9 83 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.030 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200022 ER PT J AU Clapsaddle, BJ Sprehn, DW Gash, AE Satcher, JH Simpson, RL AF Clapsaddle, BJ Sprehn, DW Gash, AE Satcher, JH Simpson, RL TI A versatile sol-gel synthesis route to metal-silicon mixed oxide nanocomposites that contain metal oxides as the major phase SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID IRON-OXIDE; FE(III) SALTS; AEROGELS; TRANSITION; PRECURSORS; OXIDATION; MONOLITHS; EPOXIDES AB The general synthesis of metal-silicon mixed-oxide nanocomposite materials, including a variety of both main group and transition metals, in which the metal oxide is the major component is described. In a typical synthesis, the metal-oxide precursor, MClx.yH(2)O(x = 2-6, y = 0-7), was mixed with the silica precursor, tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), in ethanol and gelled using an organic epoxide. The successful preparation of homogeneous, monolithic materials depended on the oxidation state of the metal as well as the epoxide chosen for gelation. The composition of the resulting materials was varied from M/Si = 1-5 (mol/mol) by adjusting the amount of TMOS added to the initial metal-oxide precursor solution. Supercritical processing of the gels in CO2 resulted in monolithic, porous aerogel nanocomposite materials with surface areas ranging from 100-800 m(2)g(-1). The bulk materials are composed of metal oxide/silica particles that vary in size from 5-20 nm depending on the epoxide used for gelation. Metal oxide and silica dispersion throughout the bulk material is extremely uniform on the nanoscale. The versatility and control of the synthesis method will be discussed as well as the properties of the resulting metal-silicon mixed oxide nanocomposite materials. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L092, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM clapsaddle1@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.025 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200025 ER PT J AU Tillotson, TM Foster, KG Reynolds, JG AF Tillotson, TM Foster, KG Reynolds, JG TI Fluorine-induced hydrophobicity in silica aerogels SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SYNTHESIS COMPONENT; HYDROXYL; REMOVAL; SURFACE; WATER AB The use of the R-substituted organosiloxanes in hydrolysis-condensation reactions with tetraalkoxysilanes is a flexible way to incorporate functional groups into silica gels and aerogels. When R = CH2CH2CF3, chemically and physically stable gels and aerogels that are hydrophobic can be readily made. These types of aerogels have been shown to be adsorbents for organics compounds from aqueous phase. In order to understand the role of the fluorinated group in making these materials hydrophobic, various formulations of CF3CH2CH2-modified aerogels have been synthesized and characterized. These materials were formed by the reaction of CF3CH2CH2Si(OCH3)(3) and Si(OCH3)(4) in CH3OH with NH4OH as the catalyst followed by supercritical drying in CO2. A 0.7 mole ratio of the reactants CF3CH2CH2Si(OCH3)(3)/Si(OCH3)(4) is necessary to make hydrophobic aerogels that meet the 2.5% water adsorption limit. Lower reactant mole ratios yield materials that adsorb more water, reaching a saturation value in roughly 1 month, where the amount adsorbed is inversely proportional to the amount of CF3CH2CH2 group incorporated. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, POB 808,L-178, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.233 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200029 ER PT J AU Tillotson, TM Foster, KG Reynolds, JG AF Tillotson, TM Foster, KG Reynolds, JG TI Structure and characterization of aerogel materials and oxidation products from the reaction of (CH3O)(4)Si and Rsi(OCH3)(3) SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Aerogels CY NOV 02-05, 2003 CL Alexandria, VA ID SILICA AEROGELS; SOL-GEL; SURFACE-AREA; MIXTURES; TETRAETHOXYSILANE; C16H33SI(OCH3)(3); POROSITY AB Reactions of (CH3O)(4)Si and RSi(OCH3)(3) (R = CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C16H33) at a mole ratio of 1 to 1 were performed in methanol using base catalysis. Subsequent supercritical drying produced materials that have a wide range of surface areas and porosities. Spectroscopic characterization, revealed normal Si-O substitution as well as incorporation of the carbon chain into the Si framework. Heating of the stable forms of the materials in air at different temperatures yielded, depending upon oxidation conditions, several materials with much higher surface areas, typical of aerogels. Pore-size distribution measurements revealed mesopore features that differed from the non-oxidized materials for some R groups. Spectroscopic characterization revealed the disappearance of the R-Si substitution for all R groups and the appearance of an oxidized intermediate for R = C16H33. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reynolds, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, POB 808,L-178, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 350 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.234 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 884MK UT WOS:000226089200030 ER PT J AU Bhatia, B Luo, XJ Sholl, CA Sholl, DS AF Bhatia, B Luo, XJ Sholl, CA Sholl, DS TI Diffusion of hydrogen in cubic laves phase HfTi2Mx SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-SPIN RELAXATION; INEQUIVALENT SITES; MOTION AB Experimental data for proton nuclear spin relaxation and diffusion of H in HfTi2Hx are analysed by simultaneously fitting the temperature-dependent relaxation and diffusion data with a common set of parameters. HfTi2Hx has the C15 structure with the H occupying the inequivalent interstitial e and g sites. The fitting of the relaxation data uses a rigorous theory of nuclear spin relaxation between inequivalent sites and makes no assumptions about which types of H jumps are significant for the relaxation. The diffusion data is fitted by developing the theory of diffusion between the inequivalent e and g interstitial sites, which enables the diffusivity to be calculated rigorously as a function of temperature from the H jump bates in the low concentration limit. Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the effect of diffusion correlation effects at higher H concentrations. Models for diffusion between inequivalent sites involve a large number of parameters and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to provide constraints on them. Good fits to both the relaxation and diffusion data are obtained for energy parameters that are close to those from the DFT calculations. A complete set of jump parameters for H between the interstitial sites is deduced which provides a detailed microscopic description of the diffusion as a function of temperature. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Sholl, CA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM csholl@metz.une.edu.au RI Sholl, Colin/A-2393-2009 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 49 BP 8891 EP 8903 AR PII S0953-8984(04)79223-1 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/49/007 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 885VC UT WOS:000226184200016 ER PT J AU Joshi, NS Whitaker, LR Francis, MB AF Joshi, NS Whitaker, LR Francis, MB TI A three-component Mannich-type reaction for selective tyrosine bioconjugation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROPHILIC IODINATION; AROMATIC RINGS; CROSS-LINKING; PROTEINS; ACIDS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu OI Joshi, Neel/0000-0001-8236-3566 NR 17 TC 157 Z9 158 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 49 BP 15942 EP 15943 DI 10.1021/ja0439017 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 879DQ UT WOS:000225697000009 PM 15584710 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Medforth, CJ Shelnutt, JA AF Wang, ZC Medforth, CJ Shelnutt, JA TI Porphyrin nanotubes by ionic self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shelnutt, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jasheln@unm.edu RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; NR 14 TC 285 Z9 291 U1 10 U2 101 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 49 BP 15954 EP 15955 DI 10.1021/ja045068j PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 879DQ UT WOS:000225697000015 PM 15584716 ER PT J AU Davydov, R Chemerisov, S Werst, DE Rajh, T Matsui, T Ikeda-Saito, M Hoffman, BM AF Davydov, R Chemerisov, S Werst, DE Rajh, T Matsui, T Ikeda-Saito, M Hoffman, BM TI Proton transfer at helium temperatures during dioxygen activation by heme monooxygenases SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COUPLED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CYTOCHROME P450CAM; ENZYME CATALYSIS; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; OXYGENASE; MECHANISM; ENDOR; EPR; HYDROXYLATION; STATE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Rajh, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bmh@northwestern.edu RI Ikeda-Saito, Masao/A-5992-2008; Matsui, Toshitaka/B-1570-2008; Ikeda-Saito, Masao/K-2703-2015 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 13531] NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 49 BP 15960 EP 15961 DI 10.1021/ja044646t PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 879DQ UT WOS:000225697000018 PM 15584719 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Kiran, B Cui, LF Li, X Dixon, DA Wang, LS AF Zhai, HJ Kiran, B Cui, LF Li, X Dixon, DA Wang, LS TI Electronic structure and chemical bonding in MOn- and MOn clusters (M=Mo, W; n=3-5): A photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; OXIDE CLUSTERS; GAS-PHASE; TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; BASIS-SETS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; MOLYBDENUM OXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTRA AB Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and ab initio calculations are combined to investigate the electronic structure of MOn- clusters (M = W, Mo; n = 3-5). Similar PES spectra were observed between the W and Mo species. A large energy gap between the first and second PES bands was observed for MO3- and correlated with a stable closed-shell MO,3 neutral cluster. The electron binding energies of MO4- increase significantly relative to those of MO3-, and there is also an abrupt spectral pattern change between MO3- and MO4-. Both MO4- and MO5- give PES features with extremely high electron binding energies (>5.0 eV) due to oxygen-2p-based orbitals. The experimental results are compared with extensive density functional and ab initio [CCSD(T)] calculations, which were performed to elucidate the electronic and structural evolution for the tungsten oxide clusters. WO3 is found to be a closed-shell, nonplanar molecule with C-3v symmetry. WO4 is shown to have a triplet ground state ((3)A(2)) with D-2d symmetry, whereas WO5 is found to be an unusual charge-transfer complex, (O-2(-))WO3+. WO4 and WO5 are shown to possess W-O-. and O-2(-.) radical characters, respectively. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 63 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 49 BP 16134 EP 16141 DI 10.1021/ja046536s PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 879DQ UT WOS:000225697000048 PM 15584749 ER PT J AU Tanguy, D Mareschal, M Germann, TC Holian, BL Lomdahl, PS Ravelo, R AF Tanguy, D Mareschal, M Germann, TC Holian, BL Lomdahl, PS Ravelo, R TI Plasticity induced by a shock wave: large scale molecular dynamics simulations SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Strength of Materials (ICSMA 13) CY AUG, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Eotvos Univ Budapest, Minist Educ Republic Hungary, Naval Res Int Field-Office, USN Office DE atomic scale simulation; molecular dynamics; shock wave; nucleation ID DISLOCATION NUCLEATION AB We present the results of large scale non equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of plasticity induced by a shock wave in a perfect fcc single crystal in the orientation [10 0]. Shockley loops are thermally nucleated behind the shock front. The algorithm used to identify and follow the time evolution of the dislocation loops is detailed. It enables the measure of the critical size that a slip fluctuation can reach before it shrinks back to a perfect configuration. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Natl Super Mines, CNRS, UMR 5146, F-42023 St Etienne, France. ENS, CECAM, F-69007 Lyon, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Tanguy, D (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Mines, CNRS, UMR 5146, 158 Cours Fauriel, F-42023 St Etienne, France. EM tanguy@emse.fr NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 387 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.088 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 883UY UT WOS:000226042400056 ER PT J AU Cai, W Bulatov, VV AF Cai, W Bulatov, VV TI Mobility laws in dislocation dynamics simulations SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Strength of Materials (ICSMA 13) CY AUG, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Eotvos Univ Budapest, Minist Educ Republic Hungary, Naval Res Int Field-Office, USN Office DE crystal plasticity; dislocation dynamics; mobility ID SCREW DISLOCATIONS AB Prediction of the plastic deformation behavior of single crystals based on the collective dynamics of dislocations has been a challenge for computational materials science for a number of years. The difficulty lies in the inability of existing dislocation dynamics (DD) codes to handle a sufficiently large number of dislocation lines, to establish a statistically representative model of crystal plasticity. A new massively parallel DID code is developed that is capable of modeling million-dislocation systems by employing thousands of processors. We discuss an important ingredient of this code - the mobility laws dictating the behavior of individual dislocations. They are materials input for DD simulations and are constructed based on the understanding of dislocation motion at the atomistic level. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cai, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM caiwei@llnl.gov OI Cai, Wei/0000-0001-5919-8734 NR 5 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 387 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.085 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 883UY UT WOS:000226042400059 ER PT J AU Kovarik, L Gouma, PI Kisielowski, C Court, SA Mills, MJ AF Kovarik, L Gouma, PI Kisielowski, C Court, SA Mills, MJ TI Decomposition of an Al-Mg-Cu alloy - a high resolution transmission electron microscopy investigation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Strength of Materials (ICSMA 13) CY AUG, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Eotvos Univ Budapest, Minist Educ Republic Hungary, Naval Res Int Field-Office, USN Office DE Al-Mg-Cu alloys; age hardening; Guinier-Preston-Bagaryatsky zones (GPB, GPB-II); HRTEM ID PRECIPITATION; MORPHOLOGY; ALUMINUM AB Decomposition of the solid solution of an Al-3Mg-0.4Cu-0.12Si (wt.%) alloy has been studied by examining samples aged for periods of 1-16 h at a temperature of 180degreesC. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was the primary method of investigation. Within the 4-16 h aging interval, nanometer scale, homogeneously dispersed, coherent, lath-like particles were detected in the matrix. The orientation of the lath particles in the matrix is such that the edges are aligned along the <100>(Al) directions. From the Fourier transformation of the HRTEM images obtained on <100>(Al) zones, it was possible to confirm that two variants give rise to diffraction spots that were previously associated with the presence of S"-phase in "Cu lean" Al-Mg-Cu alloys. Two other variants give rise to streaked diffraction spots positioned around the (110)(Al). The detected particles are termed GPBII in this study, instead of previously suggested S"-phase notation. The findings of this study are also compared with those of the frequently studied "Cu rich" Al-Cu-Mg alloying system. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Alcan Technol & Management Ltd, CH-8212 Neuhausen, Switzerland. RP Kovarik, L (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 477 Watts Hall,2041 Coll Rd, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM kovarik.8@osu.edu RI Kovarik, Libor/L-7139-2016 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 387 BP 326 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.087 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 883UY UT WOS:000226042400069 ER PT J AU Pantleon, W Poulsen, HF Almer, J Lienert, U AF Pantleon, W Poulsen, HF Almer, J Lienert, U TI In situ X-ray peak shape analysis of embedded individual grains during plastic deformation of metals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Strength of Materials (ICSMA 13) CY AUG, 2003 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Eotvos Univ Budapest, Minist Educ Republic Hungary, Naval Res Int Field-Office, USN Office DE X-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation; in situ deformation; tensile test; peak broadening; aluminum ID POLYCRYSTALS; CRYSTALS; POWDERS AB A novel X-ray diffraction method is introduced, which enables a complete peak shape analysis for a set of distinct diffraction peaks arising from one and the same embedded grain within the bulk of a polycrystalline metal. From the 2theta variation and the mosaic spread of the peaks, information about the dislocation structures formed during the deformation can be extracted in a much more direct way than previously possible. The method is based on the use of high energy X-rays and a multi-grain indexing program for identification of individual grains within a polycrystal. In a feasibility study, one aluminum grain is studied in situ during tensile deformation up to 4.5%. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Dimens 4, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pantleon, W (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, Ctr Fundamental Res Met Struct Dimens 4, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM wolfgang.pantleon@risoe.dk RI Poulsen, Henning/A-4131-2012; Pantleon, Wolfgang/L-9657-2014 OI Pantleon, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6418-6260 NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 387 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.02.080 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 883UY UT WOS:000226042400072 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Heidemann, KF Lenke, R Kierey, H Barbee, TW Hunter, WR AF Kowalski, MP Cruddace, RG Heidemann, KF Lenke, R Kierey, H Barbee, TW Hunter, WR TI Record high extreme-ultraviolet efficiency at near-normal incidence from a multilayer-coated polymer-overcoated blazed ion-etched holographic grating SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROMETER; WAVELENGTH REGION; CALIBRATION AB We have measured the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) efficiency of a polymer-overcoated blazed ion-etched holographic test grating. The grating had a magnetron-sputtered MO2C/Si multilayer coating matched to the grating blaze angle of 2.78degrees. At an angle of incidence of 5.6degrees and a wavelength of 15.79 nm, the measured efficiency peaks in the second outside order at 29.9%. The derived groove efficiency is 53.0%. To the best of our knowledge these are the highest values obtained yet at EUV wavelengths from a holographic ion-etched blazed grating. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Carl Zeiss Laser Opt GMBH, Grating Technol, D-73446 Oberkochen, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowal-ski@nrl.navy.mil NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 29 IS 24 BP 2914 EP 2916 DI 10.1364/OL.29.002914 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 878YG UT WOS:000225682900027 PM 15645822 ER PT J AU Kupferman, R Stuart, AM AF Kupferman, R Stuart, AM TI Fitting SDE models to nonlinear Kac-Zwanzig heat bath models SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Hamiltonian systems; heat bath; Stochastic differential equations; nonlinear oscillators ID STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; OPTIMAL PREDICTION; LANGEVIN EQUATION; LINEAR-RESPONSE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; MOTION; NOISE AB We study a class of "particle in a heat bath" models, which are a generalization of the well-known Kac-Zwanzig class of models, but where the coupling between the distinguished particle and the it heat bath particles is through nonlinear springs. The heat bath particles have random initial data drawn from an equilibrium Gibbs density. The primary objective is to approximate the forces exerted by the heat bath-which we do not want to resolve-by a stochastic process. By means of the central limit theorem for Gaussian processes, and heuristics based on linear response theory, we demonstrate conditions under which it is natural to expect that the trajectories of the distinguished particle can be weakly approximated, as n --> infinity, by the solution of a Markovian SDE. The quality of this approximation is verified by numerical calculations with parameters chosen according to the linear response theory. Alternatively, the parameters of the effective equation can be chosen using time series analysis. This is done and agreement with linear response theory is shown to be good. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Math, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Warwick, Inst Math, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Kupferman, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Math, MS 50A-1148, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raz@math.huji.ac.il; stuart@maths.warwick.ac.uk NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 199 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2004.04.011 PG 38 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 885AM UT WOS:000226128200001 ER PT J AU Beruto, DT Searcy, AW Kim, MG AF Beruto, DT Searcy, AW Kim, MG TI Microstructure, kinetic, structure, thermodynamic analysis for calcite decomposition: free-surface and powder bed experiments SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE vaporization; incongruent; CO2 ID CARBONATE DECOMPOSITION; POROUS CAO; PARTICLES; CRYSTALS; CHEMISORPTION; SOLIDS; VACUUM; CACO3; AREA; CO2 AB This paper describes studies of incongruent vaporization reactions that were carried out in Berkeley and Genoa from 1970 to about 1987, but that have not previously been described in terms of the overall research objectives and the extent to which those objectives were achieved. When the research was initiated, it was already known that for metals and some simple salts the rates of vaporization in vacuum are predictable as functions of temperature if the thermodynamic properties of the solid and vapors were known. That simple behavior was not shown by the few congruent decomposition reactions that had been quantitatively studied. Our review focuses on calcite decomposition because it illustrates the daunting array of variables-heat transfer, CO2 pressure, crystal structure and crystal orientation, particle size, particle shape, particle-pore distribution, surface energy of the CaO reaction product, and interface strain-all of which could influence the reaction kinetics. In the body of the paper we review the theoretical bases of our kinetic evaluations and experimental studies for single crystals and powder beds. As a major conclusion we identify an easily achievable range of experimental conditions within which investigators in different laboratories have obtained concordant measurements of calcite decomposition rates. This is an important result because a prominent international committee concluded a decade ago that goal had not yet been achieved. Another important conclusion is that the rate limiting step of calcite decomposition probably occurs in a CO2-depleted surface layer or layers of calcite. At high relative pressures of CO2 the process is kinetically reversible, but at low relative pressures, it is highly irreversible. We think the latter rate is determined by a strain-induced collapse Of CO2-deficient calcite at its interface with crystalline CaO rods with simultaneous expulsion of CO2 gas. Such a mechanism seems not to have been suggested before, but it probably accounts for some of the exothermic events observed during heating of solids that decompose incongruently. The role of particle size on such a mechanism has been investigated and discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Genoa, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mat & Bldg Sci DEUIM, Genoa, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Beruto, DT (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Fac Engn, Dept Engn Mat & Bldg Sci DEUIM, Genoa, Italy. EM dabe@unige.it NR 47 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD DEC 15 PY 2004 VL 424 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2004.05.027 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 869AK UT WOS:000224954400014 ER PT J AU Sabburg, JM Long, CN AF Sabburg, JM Long, CN TI Improved sky imaging for studies of enhanced UV irradiance SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; CLOUD; ULTRAVIOLET; SKIES; RADIATION; IMPACT AB A recent World Meteorological Organisation report discussed the importance of continued study of the effect of clouds on the solar UV radiation reaching the earths surface. The report mentions that the use of all-sky imagery offers the potential to understand and quantify cloud effects more accurately. There are an increasing number of studies investigating the enhancement of surface solar, UV irradiance, and UV actinic flux, using automated CCD and sky imagers. This paper describes new algorithms applicable to a commercially available all-sky imager (TSI-440), for research investigating cloud enhanced spectral UV irradiance. Specifically, these include three new algorithms relating to cloud amount at different spatial positions from 1) zenith and 2) from the solar position and 3) the visible brightness of clouds surrounding the sun. A possible relationship between UV enhancement and the occurrence of near-sun cloud brightness is reported based on this preliminary data. It is found that a range of wavelength dependent intensities, from 306 to 400 nm, can occur in one day for UV enhancements. Evidence for a possible decreasing variation of intensity with longer wavelengths is also presented. C1 Univ So Queensland, Ctr Astron Solar Radiat & Climate, Fac Sci, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Sabburg, JM (reprint author), Univ So Queensland, Ctr Astron Solar Radiat & Climate, Fac Sci, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. EM sabburg@usq.edu.au NR 27 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 4 BP 2543 EP 2552 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 879PO UT WOS:000225729900001 ER PT J AU Rajan, SS Yang, XJ Shuvalova, L Collart, F Anderson, WF AF Rajan, SS Yang, XJ Shuvalova, L Collart, F Anderson, WF TI YfiT from Bacillus subtilis is a probable metal-dependent hydrolase with an unusual four-helix bundle topology SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; INTERFERON-BETA; BINDING; INHIBITORS; MECHANISM; SEQUENCE; THERMOLYSIN; RESOLUTION; MOLSCRIPT AB YfiT, a 19-kDa polypeptide from Bacillus subtilis, belongs to a small sequence family with members predominantly from Gram positive bacteria. We have determined the crystal structure of YfiT 14 in complex with Ni2+ to a resolution of 1.7 Angstrom. YfiT exists as a dimer and binds Ni2+ in a 1:1 stoichiometry. The protein has an unusual four-helix bundle topology and coordinates Ni2+ in an octahedral geometry with three conserved histidines and three waters. Although there is no similarity in their overall structures, the coordination geometry of the metal and the residues that constitute the putative active site in YfiT are similar to those of metalloproteases such as thermolysin. Our structural analyses suggest that YfiT might function as a metal-dependent hydrolase. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anderson, WF (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Ward 8-264,303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM wf-anderson@northwestern.edu OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM062414] NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 49 BP 15472 EP 15479 DI 10.1021/bi048665r PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 878UJ UT WOS:000225672300018 PM 15581359 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Chin, YH Rozmiarek, RT Johnson, BR Gao, Y Watson, J Tonkovich, AYL Vander Wiel, DP AF Wang, Y Chin, YH Rozmiarek, RT Johnson, BR Gao, Y Watson, J Tonkovich, AYL Vander Wiel, DP TI Highly active and stable Rh/MgO-Al2O3 catalysts for methane steam reforming SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Utilization of Greenhouse Gases held at the 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 27-APR 01, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE methane steam reforming; Rh/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst; microchannel reactor ID MECHANISM AB Highly active and coke-resistant Rh catalysts were developed for methane steam reforming in microchannel chemical reactors. Rh loading was optimized on a stable MgO-Al2O3 support to improve the volumetric productivity for methane conversion. Catalyst activities were stable over a wide range of steam/carbon ratios. In particular, experimental results demonstrated that Rh/MgO-Al2O3 catalysts are extremely active for methane steam reforming and are resistant to coke formation at stoichiometric steam/carbon ratio of 1 for over 14 h time-on-stream with no sign of deactivation. Methane steam reforming activities on this catalyst is compared in both a microchannel reactor and a conventional micro-tubular reactor. Significant performance enhancement was observed in microchannel reactors owing to improved heat and mass transfer. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Velocys, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 24 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 98 IS 4 BP 575 EP 581 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.09.011 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 882AR UT WOS:000225911300016 ER PT J AU Mueller, K Cao, L Caldeira, K Jain, A AF Mueller, K Cao, L Caldeira, K Jain, A TI Differing methods of accounting ocean carbon sequestration efficiency SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; ocean sequestration; ISAM ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MODELS; FERTILIZATION; STABILIZATION; SIMULATIONS; RADIOCARBON; INJECTION; DIOXIDE; STORAGE AB Presently, much of CO2 fossil-fuel emissions are removed from the atmosphere through natural ocean uptake of CO2. Many schemes have now been proposed by which the accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere could be slowed with intentional further storage of CO2 in the ocean. Our review of the literature indicates inconsistency in whether ambient ocean carbon uptake is included when accounting for the effectiveness of such schemes. This inconsistency is a consequence of differing choices of atmospheric boundary condition. In the case of one particular form of ocean sequestration, namely direct injection of liquefied CO2 emissions into the ocean interior, this choice is the determination of whether the atmospheric CO2 concentration responsively increases due to leakage of injected carbon from the ocean or retains a specified value. We first show how results of simulations using these two different boundary conditions can be related with the convolution of an atmosphere pulse release. We then use a numerical model to present a more complete analysis of the role of these boundary conditions. Finally, we suggest that a responsive atmospheric CO2 boundary condition is appropriate for predicting future carbon concentrations, but a specified atmospheric CO2 boundary condition is appropriate for evaluating how much CO2 storage should be attributed to an ocean storage project. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mueller, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave,MC 223, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jain@atmos.uiuc.edu RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 109 IS C12 AR C12018 DI 10.1029/2003JC002252 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 881QK UT WOS:000225882700004 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F AF Colgan, J Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F TI Time-dependent close-coupling calculations for the double photoionization of He and H-2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; PHOTODOUBLE IONIZATION; SINGLE-PHOTON; HELIUM; ENERGY; D-2 AB Photoionization cross sections for both atomic helium and molecular hydrogen are calculated using a time-dependent close-coupling method. The total electronic wavefunction for the two-electron system is expanded in six dimensions, where four dimensions are represented on a radial and angular lattice and a coupled channels expansion is used to represent the other two dimensions. Double photoionization cross sections are obtained for both He and H-2 for a range of photon energies above the complete fragmentation threshold. Comparisons are made with absolute experimental measurements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 23 BP L377 EP L384 AR PII S0953-4075(04)85812-7 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/37/23/L01 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 882PV UT WOS:000225951700001 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW AF Vasco, DW TI An asymptotic solution for two-phase flow in the presence of capillary forces SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE asymptotic solution; characterization; inverse modeling; two-phase flow ID BURGERS-EQUATION; POROUS-MEDIA; TOMOGRAPHY; PRESSURE; INFILTRATION; SIMULATION; INVERSION; TRANSPORT AB Under the assumption of smoothly varying background properties I derive an asymptotic solution for two-phase flow. This formulation partitions the modeling of two-phase flow into two subproblems: an arrival time calculation and a saturation amplitude computation. The asymptotic solution itself is defined along a trajectory though the model. If gravitational forces are not important and the flow field is independent of changes in the background saturation, the trajectory may be identified with a streamline, and the asymptotic approach provides a mathematical basis for streamline simulation. The evolution of the saturation amplitude is governed by a generalization of Burgers' equation, defined along the trajectory. If the capillary properties are uniform and gravitational forces are negligible, one can derive self-similar solutions for the three limiting behaviors of a two-phase front. Asymptotic solutions were found to deviate by less than 5% from saturations calculated using a numerical simulator. The numerical results indicate that changes in capillary properties can introduce significant variations in the arrival time of a specific aqueous fraction. A more robust definition of arrival time appears to be the time associated with the peak rate of change in aqueous phase fraction, the greatest slope of the breakthrough curve. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 90,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwvasco@lbl.gov RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 14 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 12 AR W12407 DI 10.1029/2003WR002587 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 881RC UT WOS:000225885000001 ER PT J AU Zhao, YJ Persson, C Lany, S Zunger, A AF Zhao, YJ Persson, C Lany, S Zunger, A TI Why can CuInSe2 be readily equilibrium-doped n-type but the wider-gap CuGaSe2 cannot? SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; TOTAL-ENERGY; EFFICIENCY; SEMICONDUCTORS; CULNSE2; FILMS AB The wider-gap members of a semiconductor series such as diamond-->Si-->Ge or AlN-->GaN-->InN often cannot be doped n-type at equilibrium. We study theoretically if this is the case in the chalcopyrite family CuGaSe2-->CuInSe2, finding that: (i) Bulk CuInSe2 (CIS, E-g=1.04 eV) can be doped at equilibrium n-type either by Cd or Cl, but bulk CuGaSe2 (CGS, E-g=1.68 eV) cannot; (ii) result (i) is primarily because the Cu-vacancy pins the Fermi level in CGS farther below the conduction band minimum than it does in CIS, as explained by the "doping limit rule;" (iii) Cd doping is better than Cl doping, in that Cd-Cu yields in CIS a higher net donor concentration than Cl-Se; and (iv) in general, the system shows massive compensation of acceptors (Cd-III,V-Cu) and donors (Cl-Se,Cd-Cu,In-Cu). (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zhao, Yu-Jun/A-1219-2011; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 OI Zhao, Yu-Jun/0000-0002-6923-1099; NR 20 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 24 BP 5860 EP 5862 DI 10.1063/1.1830074 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AZ UT WOS:000225620200015 ER PT J AU Bross, A Estrada, J Rubinov, P Garcia, C Hoeneisen, B AF Bross, A Estrada, J Rubinov, P Garcia, C Hoeneisen, B TI Localized field reduction and rate limitation in visible light photon counters SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We observe the effect of localized field reduction (LFR) in visible light photon counters (VLPCs) by measuring the bias current of the device after a light pulse, and find it consistent with being produced by avalanches that have an average transverse dimension of approximate to12 mum(2). The characteristic recovery time for the device after an avalanche is measured to be approximate to3.5 ms, and is a function of bias voltage and temperature. A simple model is presented to describe the performance drop of the VLPCs with rate as a consequence of LFR. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ San Francisco Quito, Quito, Ecuador. RP Estrada, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM estrada@fnal.gov OI Hoeneisen, Bruce/0000-0002-6059-4256 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 24 BP 6025 EP 6027 DI 10.1063/1.1835558 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AZ UT WOS:000225620200070 ER PT J AU Tilley, DR Kelley, JH Godwin, JL Millener, DJ Purcell, JE Sheu, CG Weller, HR AF Tilley, DR Kelley, JH Godwin, JL Millener, DJ Purcell, JE Sheu, CG Weller, HR TI Energy levels of light nuclei A=8, 9, 10 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID ASTROPHYSICAL S-FACTOR; 1ST EXCITED-STATE; BE-7(P,GAMMA)B-8 CROSS-SECTION; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; P-SHELL NUCLEI; QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI; ASYMPTOTIC NORMALIZATION COEFFICIENTS; INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES AB A review of the evidence on the properties of the nuclei A = 8, 9 and 10, with emphasis on material leading to information about the structure of the A = 8, 9, 10 systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM kelley@tunl.duke.edu NR 1395 TC 366 Z9 368 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 745 IS 3-4 BP 155 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.09.059 PG 208 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 875PA UT WOS:000225431600001 ER PT J AU Chung, Y AF Chung, Y TI Fluctuations of Bit-Error-Rate with randomly varying birefringence in optical fibers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION; LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS; PRINCIPAL STATES; 2ND-ORDER PMD; OUTAGES; PROBABILITY; AMPLIFIERS; CABLE AB We study the fluctuations of the bit-error-rate in optical communication systems by taking into account the polarization mode dispersion. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that the probability distribution function of bit-error-rate possesses an extended algebraic tail in the presence of weak birefringent disorder in the fiber. The characteristics of the probability distribution function also depend on the electrical filter temporal width. For weak birefringent disorder, our numerical simulations show that the probability distribution function contains a longer algebraic regime if the smaller size of electrical filter temporal width is used. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chung, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ychung@cnls.lanl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 25 BP 6326 EP 6334 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.006326 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 879HZ UT WOS:000225708300030 PM 19488279 ER PT J AU O'Hara, JF Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ AF O'Hara, JF Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ TI Terahertz surface plasmon polariton coupling on metallic gratings SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; DISTANCES AB Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is used to study the nature and efficiency of coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and free-space terahertz radiation by metallic gratings made from brass rods and a grooved aluminum plate. Reflection and transmission mode measurements indicate very rapid coupling and decoupling with > 70% efficiency after accounting for scattering. Results indicate a good match to theoretical coupling frequencies within the accuracy of the experimental setup. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP O'Hara, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM johara@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 13 PY 2004 VL 12 IS 25 BP 6397 EP 6402 DI 10.1364/OPEX.12.006397 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 879HZ UT WOS:000225708300039 PM 19488288 ER PT J AU Rodi, DJ Mandava, S Makowski, L AF Rodi, DJ Mandava, S Makowski, L TI DIVAA: analysis of amino acid diversity in multiple aligned protein sequences SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID BINDING-SITES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IDENTIFICATION; LOGOS AB Motivation: Multiple alignments of proteins are an effective way of identifying conserved amino acids that provide clues to functional relationships among proteins. Quantitation of the abundances of amino acids found at each position in a sequence motif can provide a basis for understanding the structural and functional constraints at each point. Distribution of information across a motif has been used previously, but the non-intuitive nature of the analysis has limited its impact. Results: Here, we introduce a quantitative measure of amino acid sequence diversity (DIVAA) that has a simple, intuitive meaning. Diversity, as a measure of sequence conservation or variation, is inextricably linked to the probability of selecting identical pairs from a distribution. We demonstrate its utility through the analysis of four populations: ATP-binding P-loops, hypervariable domains of kappa light chains, signal sequences, and the N- and C- termini of proteins. DIVAA provides a simple means to generate hypotheses concerning the contribution of individual residues to the functional and evolutionary relationships among proteins. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Combinatorial Biol Unit, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Makowski, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Combinatorial Biol Unit, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lmakowski@anl.gov NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD DEC 12 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 18 BP 3481 EP 3489 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth432 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 880JR UT WOS:000225786600022 PM 15284106 ER PT J AU Manaa, MR AF Manaa, MR TI Raman scattering of azafullerene C48N12 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; AZA-FULLERENE; DENSITY; C-60 AB Raman scattering activities and Raman-active frequencies are reported for the minimum energy structure of azafullerene C48N12 at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Analysis of the vibrational spectrum shows that the most intense IR and Raman bands are those associated with C-C vibrations, and that strong IR and Raman C-N vibrations occur below 1400 cm(-1). Together with the recently reported infrared. optical absorption and X-ray spectroscopies, a complete identification of this cluster should now be feasible. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Manaa, MR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808,7000 East Ave,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM manaa1@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 400 IS 1-3 BP 23 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.080 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 878WX UT WOS:000225679200005 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K AF Balasubramanian, K TI Combinatorics of NMR and ESR spectroscopy of C60H36 isomers SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-SPIN STATISTICS; FULLERENES; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; GENERATION; PATTERNS; C-70 AB We have considered combinatorial and group theoretical analysis of three recently synthesized isomers Of C60H36. We have obtained the generating functions for nuclear spin species of the protons and 13 C nuclei, and special cases of those functions yield the NMR spectral patterns. Our NMR results for three isomers with C-1, C-3 and T symmetries agree with experiment. We have also predicted the ESR hyperfine patterns of radicals derived from the three isomers. Complete tables of nuclear spin species of these isomers have been obtained. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Computing, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci & Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Image Proc & Integrated Computing, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kbala@ucdavis.edu NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 400 IS 1-3 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.061 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 878WX UT WOS:000225679200016 ER PT J AU Guo, JH Liang, X Leung, LR AF Guo, JH Liang, X Leung, LR TI A new multiscale flow network generation scheme for land surface models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; RIVER NETWORKS; DIRECTIONS; AREAS AB This paper presents a new multiscale approach for generating flow networks for land surface models that are applied at different spatial scales. This new approach has the following advantages: (1) it allows runoff in a land surface model grid to exit by multiple directions simultaneously, rather than be limited to one of the eight directions as in many other methods; and (2) it introduces a scaling factor, the tortuosity coefficient, to determine hydrologic parameters for more accurate flow routing across different spatial scales. The new flow network generation scheme has been applied, in conjunction with a kinematic wave routing method, to the Blue River basin in Oklahoma at different spatial resolutions. Comparison of the routed streamflows shows clear advantages of the new approach over the widely used eight directions (D8) method, especially at coarser resolutions. This method is particularly suitable for macroscale hydrologic models and climate models where the accuracy of river routing can be severely limited by the coarse spatial resolution. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Guo, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM liang@ce.berkeley.edu NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 23 AR L23502 DI 10.1029/2004GL021381 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 881PE UT WOS:000225879000007 ER PT J AU Thompson, SL Govindasamy, B Mirin, A Caldeira, K Delire, C Milovich, J Wickett, M Erickson, D AF Thompson, SL Govindasamy, B Mirin, A Caldeira, K Delire, C Milovich, J Wickett, M Erickson, D TI Quantifying the effects of CO2-fertilized vegetation on future global climate and carbon dynamics SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON; MODEL; ECOSYSTEM; CYCLE; TEMPERATURE; FEEDBACK; OCEAN; SOIL; SIMULATIONS AB Climate and the global carbon cycle are a tightly coupled system where changes in climate affect exchange of atmospheric CO2 with the land biosphere and the ocean, and vice-versa. In particular, the response of the land biosphere to the ongoing increase in atmospheric CO2 is not well understood. To evaluate the approximate upper and lower limits of land carbon uptake, we perform simulations using a comprehensive climate-carbon model. In one case the land biosphere is vigorously fertilized by added CO2 and sequesters carbon throughout the 21st century. In a second case, CO2 fertilization saturates in year 2000; here the land becomes an additional source of CO2 by 2050. The predicted atmospheric CO2 concentration at year 2100 differs by 40% between the two cases. We show that current uncertainties preclude determination of whether the land biosphere will amplify or damp atmospheric CO2 increases by the end of the century. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thompson, SL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mirin@llnl.gov RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011 NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 31 IS 23 AR L23211 DI 10.1029/2004GL021239 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 881PE UT WOS:000225879000002 ER PT J AU Heald, CL Jacob, DJ Jones, DBA Palmer, PI Logan, JA Streets, DG Sachse, GW Gille, JC Hoffman, RN Nehrkorn, T AF Heald, CL Jacob, DJ Jones, DBA Palmer, PI Logan, JA Streets, DG Sachse, GW Gille, JC Hoffman, RN Nehrkorn, T TI Comparative inverse analysis of satellite (MOPITT) and aircraft (TRACE-P) observations to estimate Asian sources of carbon monoxide SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE MOPITT; TRACE-p; carbon monoxide; Asia; Bayesian synthesis; inversion ID GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; TRANSPORT PATHWAYS; WESTERN PACIFIC; AIR-POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; CO; ASSIMILATION; TROPOSPHERE; INSTRUMENT; BUDGETS AB We use an inverse model analysis to compare the top-down constraints on Asian sources of carbon monoxide (CO) in spring 2001 from (1) daily MOPITT satellite observations of CO columns over Asia and the neighboring oceans and (2) aircraft observations of CO concentrations in Asian outflow from the TRACE-P aircraft mission over the northwest Pacific. The inversion uses the maximum a posteriori method (MAP) and the GEOS-CHEM chemical transport model (CTM) as the forward model. Detailed error characterization is presented, including spatial correlation of the model transport error. Nighttime MOPITT observations appear to be biased and are excluded from the inverse analysis. We find that MOPITT and TRACE-P observations are independently consistent in the constraints that they provide on Asian CO sources, with the exception of southeast Asia for which the MOPITT observations support a more modest decrease in emissions than suggested by the aircraft observations. Our analysis indicates that the observations do not allow us to differentiate source types (i.e., anthropogenic versus biomass burning) within a region. MOPITT provides ten pieces of information to constrain the geographical distribution of CO sources, while TRACE-P provides only four. The greater information from MOPITT reflects its ability to observe all outflow and source regions. We conducted a number of sensitivity studies for the inverse model analysis using the MOPITT data. Temporal averaging of the MOPITT data (weekly and beyond) degrades the ability to constrain regional sources. Merging source regions beyond what is appropriate after careful selection of the state vector leads to significant aggregation errors. Calculations for an ensemble of realistic assumptions lead to a range of inverse model solutions that has greater uncertainty than the a posteriori errors for the MAP solution. Our best estimate of total Asian CO sources is 361 Tg yr(-1), over half of which is attributed to east Asia. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. AER Inc, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM heald@fas.harvard.edu RI Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350; Nehrkorn, Thomas/0000-0003-0637-3468 NR 54 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D23 AR D23306 DI 10.1029/2004JD005185 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881PK UT WOS:000225879600005 ER PT J AU Blake, C Pracy, MB Couch, WJ Bekki, K Lewis, I Glazebrook, K Baldry, IK Baugh, CM Bland-Hawthorn, J Bridges, T Cannon, R Cole, S Colless, M Collins, C Dalton, G De Propris, R Driver, SP Efstathiou, G Ellis, RS Frenk, CS Jackson, C Lahav, O Lumsden, S Maddox, S Madgwick, D Norberg, P Peacock, JA Peterson, BA Sutherland, W Taylor, K AF Blake, C Pracy, MB Couch, WJ Bekki, K Lewis, I Glazebrook, K Baldry, IK Baugh, CM Bland-Hawthorn, J Bridges, T Cannon, R Cole, S Colless, M Collins, C Dalton, G De Propris, R Driver, SP Efstathiou, G Ellis, RS Frenk, CS Jackson, C Lahav, O Lumsden, S Maddox, S Madgwick, D Norberg, P Peacock, JA Peterson, BA Sutherland, W Taylor, K TI The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the local E+A galaxy population SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMATION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DISTANT CLUSTERS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; RADIO-SOURCES; SKY SURVEY; CATALOG; ABSORPTION; SELECTION AB We select a sample of low-redshift (z similar to 0.1) E+A galaxies from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS). The spectra of these objects are defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines (Hdelta, Hgamma, Hbeta) combined with a lack of [O II] 3727-Angstrom emission, together implying a recently truncated burst of star formation. The E+A spectrum is thus a signpost to galaxies in the process of evolution. We quantify the local environments, clustering properties and luminosity function of the E+A galaxies. We find that the environments are consistent with the ensemble of 2dFGRS galaxies: low-redshift E+A systems are located predominantly in the field, existing as isolated objects or in poor groups. However, the luminosity distribution of galaxies selected using three Balmer absorption lines Hdeltagammabeta appears more typical of ellipticals. Indeed, morphologically these galaxies are preferentially spheroidal (E/S0) systems. In a small but significant number we find evidence for recent major mergers, such as tidal tails. We infer that major mergers are one important formation mechanism for E+A galaxies, as suggested by previous studies. At low redshift the merger probability is high in the field and low in clusters, thus these recently formed spheroidal systems do not follow the usual morphology-density relation for ellipticals. Regarding the selection of E+A galaxies: we find that basing the Balmer-line criterion solely on Hdelta absorption leads to a significant subpopulation of disc systems with detectable Ha emission. In these objects the [O II] emission is presumably either obscured by dust or present with a low signal-to-noise ratio, whilst the (Hgamma, Hbeta) absorption features are subject to emission-filling. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 2111, Australia. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead L14 1LD, Merseyside, England. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91025 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21118 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Phys, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Nottingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Blake, C (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM chrisb@phys.unsw.edu.au RI Baugh, Carlton/A-8482-2012; Jackson, Carole/K-1648-2013; Bekki, Kenji/H-8821-2014; Driver, Simon/H-9115-2014; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Colless, Matthew/0000-0001-9552-8075; Baugh, Carlton/0000-0002-9935-9755; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Jackson, Carole/0000-0002-7089-8827; Driver, Simon/0000-0001-9491-7327; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Maddox, Stephen/0000-0001-5549-195X NR 42 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 355 IS 3 BP 713 EP 727 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08351.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 884WA UT WOS:000226116200009 ER PT J AU Colas, P Giomataris, I Lepeltier, V Ronan, M AF Colas, P Giomataris, I Lepeltier, V Ronan, M TI First test of a Micromegas TPC in a magnetic field SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE TPC; micromegas; gaseous detectors; linear collider ID HERA-B; DETECTOR AB Since the summer of 2003, a large Micromegas Time Projection Chamber (TPC) prototype (1000 channels, 50 cm drift, 50 cm diameter) has been operated in a 2T superconducting magnet at Saclay. A description of this apparatus and first results from cosmic ray tests are presented. Additional measurements using simpler detectors with a laser source, an X-ray gun and radioactive sources are discussed. Drift velocity and gain measurements, electron attachment and aging studies for a Micromegas TPC are presented. In particular, using simulations and measurements, it is shown that an Argon-CF4 mixture is optimal for operation at a future Linear Collider. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. LAL Orsay, Orsay, France. LBNL Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Colas, P (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM paul.colas@cea.fr RI Colas, Paul/F-2876-2013 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.123 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500029 ER PT J AU Kaminski, J Ball, M Bieser, F Janssen, M Kappler, S Ledermann, B Muller, T Ronan, M Wienemann, P AF Kaminski, J Ball, M Bieser, F Janssen, M Kappler, S Ledermann, B Muller, T Ronan, M Wienemann, P TI Development and studies of a time projection chamber with GEMs SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE gaseous detector; TPC; GEM; magnetic field AB Future high-energy physics experiments will have stringent requirements on the quality of their central tracking systems. In order to evaluate whether a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) in combination with a Micro-Pattern Gas Amplification stage can meet these demands, a small cylindrical prototype has been equipped with two Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) and micropads connected to highly integrated front-end electronics. In earlier tests with this system in high-rate particle beams-but without magnetic field-at the Proton-Synchrotron at CERN, high efficiencies and good single-pad-row spatial resolutions could be demonstrated. We now present complementary measurements with this system in high magnetic fields up to 5T at DESY (Hamburg, Germany). Detailed results are given for the spatial resolution dependence on parameters such as drift distance, effective gas gain and magnetic field. Transverse single-pad-row spatial resolution was found to be as low as (53 +/- 5) mum and a previously published model for the extrapolation of the beam test resulting in large scale operation conditions at the Linear Collider could be confirmed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Exp Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. DESY, Hamburg, Germany. LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Kaminski, J (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Exp Kernphys, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM jochen.kaminski@iekp.fzk.de NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.128 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500033 ER PT J AU Kelsey, MH AF Kelsey, MH TI Performance and aging of the BaBar Drift Chamber SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE drift chambers; aging; performance AB The BaBar Drift Chamber is a cylindrical, small-cell drift chamber installed at the PEP-II B-Factory. It has been operating since May 1999, integrating nearly 175 fb(-1) luminosity in e(+)e(-) collisions at roots similar to 10.6 GeV. The chamber has accumulated a dose of 12.8 mC/cm, resulting in a drop in gain of approximately 6.4%. The drift chamber has met most of its design goals (position, momentum, and dE/dx resolution) while maintaining extremely high efficiency for charged track reconstruction. The chamber's operational history and performance will be presented, along with a discussion of the effects of aging and extrapolations for future performance, through 2008. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kelsey, MH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM kelsey@slac.stanford.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.134 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500034 ER PT J AU Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T AF Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T TI Single electron amplification in a "single-MCP plus Micromegas plus pads" detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE photodetectors; ion feedback suppression; Cherenkov detectors; RICH AB We have tested a new gaseous detector structure based on a tandem of two parts, the first one is a single MCP plate(1) (sometimes called the Microchannel plate or Capillary plate), and the second one is a Micromegas with pad readout. The new detector responds very well to a single electron signal, both in Helium- and Argon-based gases, and it can reach a very large gain. We also measure the ion backflow. Our overall aim is to couple the proposed electrode structure to a Bialkali photocathode. The main advantage of this avenue of research is that such a detector would operate easily in a very large magnetic field, and it could achieve excellent position resolution and large pixelization, compared to existing vacuum-based MCP-PMT detectors, and that the glass-based MCP structure is compatible with the Bialkali photocathode. We propose a new concept of angled MCP holes for the gaseous detectors to reduce the ion backflow towards the photocathode material. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, BIN 62,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jjv@slac.stanford.edu NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.149 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500058 ER PT J AU Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Friedl, M Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Ziegler, T Zontar, D AF Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Friedl, M Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Ziegler, T Zontar, D TI BELLE/SVD2 status and performance SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc ID SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR AB A new silicon vertex detector for the BELLE experiment was installed and its operation has started successfully at the high-luminosity asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider KEKB in October 2003. This vertex detector provides a larger polar angle acceptance, a more precise vertex resolution and a better radiation tolerance than the previous one. The obtained performances indicate that the SVD2 works reliably as expected. Moreover, a prospective simulation study shows that the SVD2 should work under the coming higher background conditions. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Brookhaven Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grp HP, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. KEK, Ibaraki, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Grp, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Kanagawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2118686, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata 9518151, Japan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei, Taiwan. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305080, Japan. IHEP Vienna, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Niigata Univ, Niigata Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys Appl, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Lab, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hara, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. EM hara@oskjcc.ep.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015; OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675; Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.156 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500067 ER PT J AU Harkonen, J Abreu, M Anbinderis, P Anbinderis, T D'Ambrosio, N de Boer, W Borchi, E Borer, K Bruzzi, M Buontempo, S Chen, W Cindro, V Dezillie, B Dierlamm, A Eremin, V Gaubas, E Gorbatenko, V Granata, V Grigoriev, E Grohmann, S Hauler, F Heijne, E Heising, S Hempel, O Herzog, R Ilyashenko, I Janos, S Jungermann, L Kalesinskas, V Kapturauskas, J Laiho, R Li, Z Luukka, P Mandic, I De Masi, R Menichelli, D Mikuz, M Militaru, O Niinikoski, TO Nuessle, G O'Shea, V Pagano, S Paul, S Solano, BP Piotrzkowski, K Pirollo, S Pretzl, K Rahman, M Mendes, PR Rouby, X Ruggiero, G Smith, K Sousa, P Tuominen, E Tuovinen, E Vaitkus, J Verbitskaya, E Da Via, C Vlasenko, L Vlasenko, M Wobst, E Zavrtanik, M AF Harkonen, J Abreu, M Anbinderis, P Anbinderis, T D'Ambrosio, N de Boer, W Borchi, E Borer, K Bruzzi, M Buontempo, S Chen, W Cindro, V Dezillie, B Dierlamm, A Eremin, V Gaubas, E Gorbatenko, V Granata, V Grigoriev, E Grohmann, S Hauler, F Heijne, E Heising, S Hempel, O Herzog, R Ilyashenko, I Janos, S Jungermann, L Kalesinskas, V Kapturauskas, J Laiho, R Li, Z Luukka, P Mandic, I De Masi, R Menichelli, D Mikuz, M Militaru, O Niinikoski, TO Nuessle, G O'Shea, V Pagano, S Paul, S Solano, BP Piotrzkowski, K Pirollo, S Pretzl, K Rahman, M Mendes, PR Rouby, X Ruggiero, G Smith, K Sousa, P Tuominen, E Tuovinen, E Vaitkus, J Verbitskaya, E Da Via, C Vlasenko, L Vlasenko, M Wobst, E Zavrtanik, M TI Recent results from the CERN RD39 Collaboration on super-radiation hard cryogenic silicon detectors for LHC and LHC upgrade SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE Si particle detectors; radiation hardness; material engineering ID CHARGE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATURES; PARTICLES; RECOVERY; TCT AB The CERN RD39 Collaboration is developing super-radiation hard cryogenic Si detectors for applications in experiments of the LHC and the future LHC Upgrade. Radiation hardness up to the fluence of 10(16)n(eq)/cm(2) isrequired in the future experiments. Significant improvement in the radiation hardness of silicon sensors has taken place during the past years. However, 10(16) n(eq)/cm(2) is well beyond the radiation tolerance of even the most advanced semiconductor detectors made by commonly adopted technologies. Furthermore, at this radiation load the carrier trapping will limit the charge collection depth to the range of 20-30mum regardless of the depletion depth. The key of our approach is freezing the trapping that affects Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, Helsinki Inst Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. LIP, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. Vilnius State Univ, Inst Mat Sci & Appl Res, LT-2040 Vilnius, Lithuania. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Karlsruhe, IEKP, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet, I-50139 Florence, Italy. Univ Bern, Lab Hochenergiephys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Exp Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Univ Geneva, Dept Radiol, Geneva, Switzerland. ILK Dresden, D-01309 Dresden, Germany. Univ Turku, Wihuri Phys Lab, Turku 20014, Finland. Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E18, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Harkonen, J (reprint author), CERN, Helsinki Inst Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM jaakko.haerkoenen@cern.ch RI Zavrtanik, Marko/A-1524-2008; Grigoriev, Eugene/K-6650-2013; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Bruzzi, Mara/K-1326-2015; Pagano, Sergio/C-5332-2008; Paul, Stephan/F-7596-2015; Paul, Stephan/K-9237-2016; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; Grohmann, Steffen/M-8671-2016; Rato Mendes, Pedro/F-8827-2010; OI Zavrtanik, Marko/0000-0001-5606-6912; Grigoriev, Eugene/0000-0001-7235-9715; O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Bruzzi, Mara/0000-0001-7344-8365; Pagano, Sergio/0000-0001-6894-791X; Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-8813-0437; Paul, Stephan/0000-0002-8813-0437; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Grohmann, Steffen/0000-0003-1298-5110; Rato Mendes, Pedro/0000-0001-9929-0869; Abreu, Maria Conceicao/0000-0003-0093-7496; D'Ambrosio, Nicola/0000-0001-9849-8756; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.157 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500068 ER PT J AU Li, Z En'yo, H Goto, Y Radeka, V Beuttenmuller, R Chen, W Elliott, D Guo, YH Kawabata, T Togawa, M Saito, N Rykov, V Tanida, K Tojo, J AF Li, Z En'yo, H Goto, Y Radeka, V Beuttenmuller, R Chen, W Elliott, D Guo, YH Kawabata, T Togawa, M Saito, N Rykov, V Tanida, K Tojo, J TI Development of 2nd prototype of novel silicon Stripixel detector for PHENIX Upgrade SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE Si strip detectors; Si Stripixel detectors; 2d position sensitivity; one-sided processing; double metal process AB A novel detector type, named "Stripixel" detector developed at BNL, has been applied in the development of a prototype Si strip detector system for the PHENIX Upgrade at RHIC. This novel detector type can generate X-Y two-dimensional position sensitivity with single-sided processing and readout. The prototype Si Stripixel detector has an active area of about 3 cm x 6 cm, which is divided into two identical halves. Both X and Y pitches are 80 mum, with a stereo angle of 4.6degrees. There are 384 X strips and 384 Y strips on each half of the detector. The first prototype Si Stripixel detectors have been produced at BNL. The initial tests of detector properties have yielded good results on position resolution in both X and Y coordinates. The design and mask set production of the 2nd prototype Si strip detectors were completed in December 2003. In the 2nd prototype design, the maximum distance between the X and Y interleaving pixels is shortened significantly to solve the asymmetry in charge sharing between X and Y pixels and strips observed in the first prototype Stripixel detectors. Also, a novel pixel inter-connection scheme with overlapping pixels is implemented, which can generate the same position resolution with twice of the pitch size as in the tradition scheme. In this novel scheme, for the same position resolution, one may just use half of the number of strips (in a given detector size), thus saving the readout channels by a factor of two. The first batch of the fabrication run of the 2nd prototype Stripixel detectors have been completed in February 2004. Preliminary electrical tests have revealed good results. Laser, source and beam tests are planned. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 606, Japan. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhengl@bnl.gov RI En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 404 EP 409 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.192 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500072 ER PT J AU Bultmann, S Chen, W Chiang, IH Chrien, RE Drees, A Gill, RL Guryn, W Landgraf, J Li, Z Ljubicic, TA Lynn, D Pearson, C Pile, P Radeka, V Rusek, A Sakitt, M Scheetz, R Tepikian, S Chwastowski, J Pawlik, B Haguenauer, M Bogdanov, AA Nurushev, SB Runtzo, MF Strikhanov, MN Alekseev, IG Kanavets, VP Koroleva, LI Morozov, BV Svirida, DN Khodinov, A Rijssenbeek, M Tang, C Whitehead, L Yeung, S De, K Guler, N Li, J Ozturk, N Sandacz, A AF Bultmann, S Chen, W Chiang, IH Chrien, RE Drees, A Gill, RL Guryn, W Landgraf, J Li, Z Ljubicic, TA Lynn, D Pearson, C Pile, P Radeka, V Rusek, A Sakitt, M Scheetz, R Tepikian, S Chwastowski, J Pawlik, B Haguenauer, M Bogdanov, AA Nurushev, SB Runtzo, MF Strikhanov, MN Alekseev, IG Kanavets, VP Koroleva, LI Morozov, BV Svirida, DN Khodinov, A Rijssenbeek, M Tang, C Whitehead, L Yeung, S De, K Guler, N Li, J Ozturk, N Sandacz, A TI The PP2PP experiment at RHIC: silicon detectors installed in Roman Pots for forward proton detection close to the beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE PP2PP; Roman Pots; silicon strip detectors; elastic scattering AB The PP2PP experiment is one of five experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, New York. It is designed to measure the elastic scattering of protons at roots = 50-500 GeV. The detector consists of silicon strip detectors mounted in Roman Pots and installed in the RHIC ring 60 m from the interaction region. During the engineering run of 2002 and physics run of 2003 the detectors were inserted as close as 15 mm from the proton beam. An overview of the experiment and details of the detector design and performance will be presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Lynn, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000,Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11727 USA. EM dlynn@bnl.gov RI KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/D-6269-2015; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014 OI KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/0000-0003-3551-5808; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405 NR 3 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.162 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500074 ER PT J AU Hryn'ova, T Kim, P Kocian, M Perl, M Rogers, H Schindler, RH Wisniewski, WJ AF Hryn'ova, T Kim, P Kocian, M Perl, M Rogers, H Schindler, RH Wisniewski, WJ TI A study of the impact of radiation exposure on the uniformity of large CsI(Tl) crystals for the BaBar detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE BaBar; CsI(Tl); radiation damage AB We describe an apparatus that allows simultaneous exposure of large CsI(Tl) crystals to ionizing radiation and precise measurement of the longitudinal changes in light yield of the crystals. We present herein the results from this device for exposures up to 10 krad. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Hryn'ova, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 61,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 452 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.268 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500082 ER PT J AU Friedl, M Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Ziegler, T Zontar, D AF Friedl, M Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Ziegler, T Zontar, D TI Readout, first- and second-level triggers of the new Belle silicon vertex detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE Belle; silicon; VA1TA; trigger AB A major upgrade of the Silicon Vertex Detector (SVD 2.0) of the Belle experiment at the KEKB factory was installed along with new front-end and back-end electronics systems during the summer shutdown period in 2003 to cope with higher particle rates, improve the track resolution and meet the increasing requirements of radiation tolerance. The SVD 2.0 detector modules are read out by VA1TA chips which provide "fast or" (hit) signals that are combined by the back-end FADCTF modules to coarse, but immediate level 0 track trigger signals at rates of several tens of a kHz. Moreover, the digitized detector signals are compared to threshold lookup tables in the FADCTFs to pass on hit information on a single strip basis to the subsequent level 1.5 trigger system, which reduces the rate below the kHz range. Both FADCTF and level 1.5 electronics make use of parallel real-time processing in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), while further data acquisition and event building is done by PC farms running Linux. The new readout system hardware is described and the first results obtained with cosmics are shown. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. Niigata Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Maritime Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305080, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grp HP, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Grp, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Kanagawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata 9518151, Japan. RP Friedl, M (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Nikolsdorfergasse 18, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. EM friedl@hephy.at RI Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015; OI Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.178 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500089 ER PT J AU O'Brien, E AF O'Brien, E TI The RHIC detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE RHIC; PHENIX; STAR; PHOBOS; BRAHMS; heavy ions AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory has provided collisions of a variety of beam species and energies for experiments located at four of its interaction regions. RHIC is designed to accelerate and collide beams of a variety of species and energies, including asymmetric collisions such as d-Au. Top operating energies are pp at roots = 500 GeV and AuAu at roots(NN) = 200 GeV. The four RHIC experiments PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS and BRAHMS are designed to address a wide range of nuclear and particle physics topics including production and characterization of the quark gluon plasma, the spin structure of the nucleon and systematic studies of structure function physics and cold nuclear effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP O'Brien, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510C, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM eobrien@bnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 533 EP 537 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500097 ER PT J AU Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Friedl, M Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Ziegler, T Zontar, D AF Abe, R Abe, T Aihara, H Asano, Y Aso, T Bakich, A Browder, T Chang, MC Chao, Y Chen, KF Chidzik, S Dalseno, J Dowd, R Dragic, J Everton, CW Fernholz, R Friedl, M Fujii, H Gao, ZW Gordon, A Guo, YN Haba, J Hara, K Hara, T Harada, Y Haruyama, T Hasuko, K Hayashi, K Hazumi, M Heenan, EM Higuchi, T Hirai, H Hitomi, N Igarashi, A Igarashi, Y Ikeda, H Ishino, H Itoh, K Iwaida, S Kaneko, J Kapusta, P Karawatzki, R Kasami, K Kawai, H Kawasaki, T Kibayashi, A Koike, S Korpar, S Krizan, P Kurashiro, H Kusaka, A Lesiak, T Limosani, A Lin, WC Marlow, D Matsumoto, H Mikami, Y Miyake, H Moloney, GR Mori, T Nakadaira, T Nakano, Y Natkaniec, Z Nozaki, S Ohkubo, R Ohno, F Okuno, S Onuki, Y Ostrowicz, W Ozaki, H Peak, L Pernicka, M Rosen, M Rozanska, M Sato, N Schmid, S Shibata, T Stamen, R Stanic, S Steininger, H Sumisawa, K Suzuki, J Tajima, H Tajima, O Takahashi, K Takasaki, F Tamura, N Tanaka, M Taylor, GN Terazaki, H Tomura, T Trabelsi, K Trischuk, W Tsuboyama, T Uchida, K Ueno, K Ueno, K Uozaki, N Ushiroda, Y Vahsen, S Varner, G Varvell, K Velikzhanin, YS Wang, CC Wang, MZ Watanabe, M Watanabe, Y Yamada, Y Yamamoto, H Yamashita, Y Yamashita, Y Yamauchi, M Yanai, H Yang, R Yasu, Y Yokoyama, M Ziegler, T Zontar, D TI The new beampipe for the Belle experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Vienna Conference on Instrumentation CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Austrian Acad Sci, Univ Technol, Vienna, Vienna Convent Bur, European Phys Soc DE Belle; beampipe AB We have upgraded the beampipe and the silicon vertex tracker of the Belle detector for increased luminosity and to achieve better vertex resolution. The radius of the beampipe was reduced from 2 to 1.5 cm to achieve better vertex resolution. In order to reduce the beam background that could accompany the reduction of the beampipe radius, a massive mask made of tantalum and tungsten was placed on each side of the central section. The total weight of them is 40 kg. The maximum radiation dose of the silicon tracker is measured about 80 krad/yr. This is lower than the dose of 100 krad per year with the previous beampipe even though the beampipe radius is smaller. The beampipe is designed to minimize heating, and enough cooling power is provided by the liquid cooling. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci, Dept Phys, HEP Grp,Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Niigata Univ, Niigata Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Appl Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Toyama Natl Coll Marine Technol, Toyama, Japan. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, HEP Lab, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. IHEP Vienna, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305080, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Brookhaven Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Grp HP, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Jozef Stefan Inst, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Kanagawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Nihon Dent Coll, Niigata 9518151, Japan. RP Tajima, O (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Res Ctr Neutrino Sci, Dept Phys, HEP Grp,Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM tajima@awa.tohoku.ac.jp RI Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Ishino, Hirokazu/C-1994-2015; Kibayashi, Atsuko/K-7327-2015; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; OI Yokoyama, Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Ishino, Hirokazu/0000-0002-8623-4080; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Trabelsi, Karim/0000-0001-6567-3036; Moloney, Glenn/0000-0002-3539-3233; Krizan, Peter/0000-0002-4967-7675 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 535 IS 1-2 BP 558 EP 561 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.07.260 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 877OS UT WOS:000225580500103 ER PT J AU Vandersall, JAY Wirth, BD AF Vandersall, JAY Wirth, BD TI Supersonic dislocation stability and nano-twin formation at high strain rate SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; NANOCRYSTALLINE AL; DEFORMATION TWINS; CLIMB KINETICS; NUCLEATION; ALUMINIUM; ALLOYS; CRACKS; LOOPS AB Improved understanding of the plastic deformation of metals during high-strain-rate shock loading is key to predicting their resulting material properties. This paper presents the results of molecular-dynamics simulations which address two fundamental questions related to materials deformation: the stability of supersonic dislocations and the mechanism of nano-twin formation. The results show that aluminium plastically deforms by the subsonic motion of edge dislocations when subjected to applied shear stresses of up to 600 MPa. Although higher applied stresses initially drive transonic dislocations, this motion is transient, and the dislocations decelerate to a sustained subsonic saturation velocity. Slowing of the transonic dislocation is controlled by the interaction with excited Rayleigh waves. 800 MPa marks a critical shear stress at which dislocation glide gives way to nano-twin formation via the homogeneous nucleation of Shockley partial dislocation dipoles. At still higher applied stresses, additional dislocation dipole nucleation produces a mid-stacking fault transformation of the twinned material. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vandersall, JAY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-091, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM vandersall@llnl.gov RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD DEC 11 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 35 BP 3755 EP 3769 DI 10.1080/14786430412331324662 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 879JI UT WOS:000225712900004 ER PT J AU Scaffidi, J Pearman, W Carter, JC Colston, BW Angel, SM AF Scaffidi, J Pearman, W Carter, JC Colston, BW Angel, SM TI Temporal dependence of the enhancement of material removal in femtosecond-nanosecond dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY; PRE-ABLATION SPARK; IN-SITU ANALYSIS; LIBS PLASMA; EMISSION; STEEL; SPECTROMETRY; ALUMINUM; SAMPLES; TEMPERATURE AB Despite the large neutral atomic and ionic emission enhancements that have been noted in collinear and orthogonal dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, the source or sources of these significant signal and signal-to-noise ratio improvements have yet to be explained. In the research reported herein, the combination of a femtosecond preablative air spark and a nanosecond ablative pulse yields eightfold and tenfold material removal improvement for brass and aluminum, respectively, but neutral atomic emission is enhanced by only a factor of 3-4. Additionally, temporal correlation between enhancement of material removal and of atomic emission is quite poor, suggesting that the atomic-emission enhancements noted in the femtosecond-nanosecond pulse configuration result in large part from some source other than simple improvement in material removal. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM angel@mail.chem.sc.edu OI Angel, Stanley/0000-0002-0328-0568 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 43 IS 35 BP 6492 EP 6499 DI 10.1364/AO.43.006492 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 878QK UT WOS:000225661400017 PM 15617288 ER PT J AU Bradley, JP Dai, ZR AF Bradley, JP Dai, ZR TI Mechanism of formation of glass with embedded metal and sulfides SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; dust, extinction; interplanetary medium; methods : laboratory ID INTERPLANETARY DUST; INTERSTELLAR GRAINS; STARDUST; OLIVINE; SURFACE; GEMS AB GEMS (glass with embedded metal and sulfides) grains in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) were examined using 200 keV analytical transmission electron microscopy. The morphologies and crystallography of embedded relict grains reveal that GEMS are pseudomorphs formed by irradiation processing of crystals free-floating in space. Some GEMS retain a compositional and morphological "memory'' of the crystal from which they formed. Pseudomorphism may rule out condensation, annealing, flash heating, or shock melting as alternative mechanisms of GEMS formation. A significant and often dominant fraction of the atoms in GEMS were sputter-deposited from other grains. Therefore, a normal (solar) isotopic composition is not a reliable indicator of whether GEMS formed in the solar system or in presolar interstellar or circumstellar environments. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bradley, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jbradley@igpp.ucllnl.org RI Dai, Zurong/E-6732-2010 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 617 IS 1 BP 650 EP 655 DI 10.1086/425292 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 880CP UT WOS:000225766700051 ER PT J AU Zhai, HJ Kuznetsov, AE Boldyrev, AI Wang, LS AF Zhai, HJ Kuznetsov, AE Boldyrev, AI Wang, LS TI Multiple aromaticity and antiaromaticity in silicon clusters SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE antiaromaticity; aromaticity; cluster compounds; photoelectron spectroscopy; silicon ID ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; B-B DISTANCES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; SI-N; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; BORON CLUSTERS; BASIS-SETS; SPECTRA AB A series of silicon clusters containing four atoms but with different charge states (Si-4(2+), Si-4, Si-4(2-), and NaSi4-) were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Structure evolution and chemical bonding in this series were interpreted in terms of aromaticity and antiaromaticity, which allowed the prediction of how structures of the four-atom silicon clusters change Si,21 upon addition or removal of two electrons. It is shown that is square-planar, analogous to the recently discovered aromatic Al-4(2-) cluster. Upon addition of two electrons, neutral Si-4 becomes sigma-antiaromatic and exhibits a rhombus distortion. Adding two more electrons to Si-4 leads to two energetically close structures of Si-4(2-): either a double antiaromatic parallelogram structure or an aromatic system with a butterfly distortion. Because of the electronic instability of doubly charged Si-4(2-), a stabilizing cation (Na+) was used to produce Si-4(2-) in the gas phase in the form of No+[Si-4(2-)], which was characterized experimentally by photoelectron spectroscopy. Multiple antiaromaticity in the parallelogram Na+[Si-4(2-)] species is highly unusual. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Boldyrev, AI (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM boldyrev@cc.usu.edu; ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Boldyrev, Alexander/C-5940-2009; Kuznetsov, Aleksey/E-5099-2015 OI Boldyrev, Alexander/0000-0002-8277-3669; NR 73 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1885 EP 1891 DI 10.1002/cphc.200400077 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 882SC UT WOS:000225957600009 PM 15648137 ER PT J AU Sohlberg, K Rashkeev, S Borisevich, AY Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Sohlberg, K Rashkeev, S Borisevich, AY Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST TI Origin of anomalous Pt-Pt distances in the Pt/alumina catalytic system SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE aluminum; density functional calculations; heterogeneous catalysis; platinum; scanning transmission electron microscopy; (STEM) ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; SUPPORTED METAL-CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GAMMA-ALUMINA; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ALPHA-AL2O3(0001) SURFACE; PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; POPULATION ANALYSIS; IN-SITU C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM sohlbergk@drexel.edu RI Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009 OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 EI 1439-7641 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1893 EP 1897 DI 10.1002/cphc.200400212 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 882SC UT WOS:000225957600010 PM 15648138 ER PT J AU Majidi, V Hassell, C AF Majidi, V Hassell, C TI Miniaturized instrumentation for field applications: General considerations for environmental sensor networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE environmental sensor networks; miniaturization; detection limits ID ON-A-CHIP; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; EMISSION DETECTOR; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; SMART DUST; SYSTEMS; MICROREACTORS; TECHNOLOGY; CHALLENGES; RESOLUTION AB Various aspects of chemical instrument miniaturizing are explored. The limitations imposed by scaling laws are discussed, and the influences of system dynamics on chemical and physical behaviour of molecules in Microsystems are presented. The complexity of chemical systems, as defined by intra- and intermolecular forces, influencing minimum device dimensions is illustrated for solution and gas-phase species. The basic concepts for environmental sensor networks are presented for a hypothetical system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Majidi, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM majidi@lanl.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 84 IS 14-15 BP 1111 EP 1121 DI 10.1080/03067310412331330433 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 888OG UT WOS:000226383500008 ER PT J AU Badelek, B Blochinger, C Blumlein, J Boos, E Brinkmann, R Burkhardt, H Bussey, P Carimalo, C Chyla, J Ciftci, AK Decking, W De Roeck, A Fadin, V Ferrario, M Finch, A Fraas, H Franke, F Galynskii, M Gamp, A Ginzburg, I Godbole, R Gorbunov, DS Gounaris, G Hagiwara, K Han, L Heuer, RD Heusch, C Illana, J Ilyin, V Jankowski, P Jiang, Y Jikia, G Jonsson, L Kalachnikow, M Kapusta, F Klanner, R Klassen, M Kobayashi, K Kon, T Kotkin, G Kramer, M Krawczyk, M Kuang, YP Kuraev, E Kwiecinski, J Leenen, M Levchuk, M Ma, WF Martyn, H Mayer, T Melles, M Miller, DJ Mtingwa, S Muhlleitner, M Muryn, B Nickles, PV Orava, R Pancheri, G Penin, A Potylitsyn, A Poulose, P Quast, T Raimondi, P Redlin, H Richard, F Rindani, SD Rizzo, T Saldin, E Sandner, W Schonnagel, H Schneidmiller, E Schreiber, HJ Schreiber, S Schuler, KP Serbo, V Seryi, A Shanidze, R Da Silva, W Soldner-Rembold, S Spira, M Stasto, AM Sultansoy, S Takahashi, T Telnov, V Tkabladze, A Trines, D Undrus, A Wagner, A Walker, N Watanabe, I Wengler, T Will, I Wipf, S Yavas, O Yokoya, K Yurkov, M Zarnecki, AF Zerwas, P Zomer, F AF Badelek, B Blochinger, C Blumlein, J Boos, E Brinkmann, R Burkhardt, H Bussey, P Carimalo, C Chyla, J Ciftci, AK Decking, W De Roeck, A Fadin, V Ferrario, M Finch, A Fraas, H Franke, F Galynskii, M Gamp, A Ginzburg, I Godbole, R Gorbunov, DS Gounaris, G Hagiwara, K Han, L Heuer, RD Heusch, C Illana, J Ilyin, V Jankowski, P Jiang, Y Jikia, G Jonsson, L Kalachnikow, M Kapusta, F Klanner, R Klassen, M Kobayashi, K Kon, T Kotkin, G Kramer, M Krawczyk, M Kuang, YP Kuraev, E Kwiecinski, J Leenen, M Levchuk, M Ma, WF Martyn, H Mayer, T Melles, M Miller, DJ Mtingwa, S Muhlleitner, M Muryn, B Nickles, PV Orava, R Pancheri, G Penin, A Potylitsyn, A Poulose, P Quast, T Raimondi, P Redlin, H Richard, F Rindani, SD Rizzo, T Saldin, E Sandner, W Schonnagel, H Schneidmiller, E Schreiber, HJ Schreiber, S Schuler, KP Serbo, V Seryi, A Shanidze, R Da Silva, W Soldner-Rembold, S Spira, M Stasto, AM Sultansoy, S Takahashi, T Telnov, V Tkabladze, A Trines, D Undrus, A Wagner, A Walker, N Watanabe, I Wengler, T Will, I Wipf, S Yavas, O Yokoya, K Yurkov, M Zarnecki, AF Zerwas, P Zomer, F TI The photon collider at TESLA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Review DE photon collider; linear collider; gamma gamma; photon photon; photon electron; Compton scattering ID GAMMA-GAMMA-COLLISIONS; HEAVY-QUARK PRODUCTION; SINGLE-TOP PRODUCTION; ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING; E(+)E(-) LINEAR COLLIDERS; LIGHT HIGGS PRODUCTION; BOSON PAIR PRODUCTION; 2-PHOTON DECAY WIDTH; INTERACTION REGION; EXTRA DIMENSIONS AB High energy photon colliders (gammagamma,gammae) are based on e(-)e(-) linear colliders where high energy photons are produced using Compton scattering of laser light on high energy electrons just before the interaction point. This paper is a part of the Technical Design Report of the linear collider TESLA.(1) Physics program, possible parameters and some technical aspects of the photon collider at TESLA are discussed. C1 Budker INP, Novosibirsk, Russia. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, D-5100 Aachen, Germany. PRL, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India. Ankara Univ, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Gazi Univ, Ankara, Turkey. Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Max Born Inst, Berlin, Germany. BNL, Upton, NY USA. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Dubna, Russia. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. CUST, Hefei, Peoples R China. Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima 730, Japan. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. INP, Krakow, Poland. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. UCL, London, England. Lund Univ, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Byelarussian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk 220602, Byelarus. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow 117234, Russia. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk, Russia. Math Inst, Novosibirsk, Russia. LAL, Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75221 Paris 05, France. IP, Prague, Czech Republic. PSI, Villigen, Switzerland. UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA USA. SLAC, Stanford, CA USA. Tbilisi State Univ, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Seikei Univ, Tokyo, Japan. Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. Polytech Inst, Tomsk, Russia. Univ Warsaw, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Wurzburg, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Budker INP, Novosibirsk, Russia. EM telnov@inp.nsk.su RI Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; Telnov, Valery/C-6900-2009; Chyla, Jiri/H-2593-2014; Krawczyk, Maria/B-3184-2012; Illana, Jose/E-2537-2016; OI Telnov, Valery/0000-0002-8312-8119; Illana, Jose/0000-0003-0622-311X; Finch, Alexander/0000-0002-5433-6031 NR 229 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 22 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 30 BP 5097 EP 5186 DI 10.1142/S0217751X04020737 PG 90 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 883SE UT WOS:000226035200001 ER PT J AU Gross, GM Grate, JW Synovec, RE AF Gross, GM Grate, JW Synovec, RE TI Development and evaluation of gold-centered monolayer protected nanoparticle stationary phases for gas chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; stationary phases, GC; selectivity ID HIGH-SPEED GAS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POROUS SILICA MICROSPHERES; CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CLUSTER MOLECULES; ON-CHIP; CAPILLARY; COLUMNS; PARTICLES AB The current status for the development of novel open-tubular gas chromatography (GC) stationary phases consisting of thin films of gold-centered monolayer protected nanoparticles (MPNs) is reported. Dodecanethiol MPNs, in which the monolayer is dodecanethiol linked to the gold nanoparticle, have shown great promise as a GC stationary phase with efficient columns having been produced in a variety of capillary i.d.'s with stationary phase film depths ranging from 10 to 60nm, +/-2nm at a given film depth. Stationary phase operational parameters are discussed including maximum operating temperature, sample capacity, and stationary phase lifetime and robustness. An overview of the general method employed for column production is also included. The sample capacity was determined for a 2.5 m, 250 mum i.d. column with a stationary phase film thickness of 40nm, at 50degreesC using anisole (k' = 1.86) as the probe analyte. The sample capacity was experimentally found to be 2.3 ng under these conditions, similar to values reported for thicker, polymer stationary phases. The efficiency of the dodecanethiol MPN stationary phase was determined with a 100 mum i.d. capillary and found to have a reduced plate height h(min) value of 0.95 for octane (k' = 0.68). Areas of application illustrated and discussed utilizing the dodecanethiol MPN stationary phase include complementary separations such as two-dimensional GC (GC x GC), potential utilization within a model system for a micro-fabricated GC (muGC), as well as efficient single dimension high-speed separations. Initial development of polar stationary phases utilizing 4-chlorobenzenethiol MPNs and 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol MPNs is discussed. Included is a selectivity comparison of the retention behavior of the 4-chlorobenzenethiol MPN stationary phase and the dodecanethiol MPN stationary phase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Ctr Proc Analyt Chem, POB 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM synovec@chem.washington.edu NR 62 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 1060 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.07.077 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 878VB UT WOS:000225674100018 PM 15628165 ER PT J AU Owen, JM AF Owen, JM TI A tensor artificial viscosity for SPH SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS AB A tensor generalization of the Monaghan-Gingold artificial viscosity for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is formulated. We also develop a new limiter to restrict the effects of the artificial viscosity to the direction of shock travel, while maintaining enough of the artificial viscous dissipation to keep the SPH technique stable. We present a series of test problems comparing the new viscosity formalism with the standard method for fluid flows in two and three dimensions, such as shearing systems undergoing shocks. We also present tests of the conservation and transport of angular momentum, since total angular momentum conservation is not guaranteed with the new viscosity formalism. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div A, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Owen, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div A, POB 808,M-S L-38, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mikeowen@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 201 IS 2 BP 601 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.06.011 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 875HB UT WOS:000225409800011 ER PT J AU Hannappel, T McMahon, WE Olson, JM AF Hannappel, T McMahon, WE Olson, JM TI An RDS, LEED, and STM study of MOCVD-prepared Si(100) surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (ICMOVPE 12) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2004 CL Lahina, HI DE adsorption; reflectance difference spectroscopy; scanning tunneling microscopy; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; semiconducting III-V materials; semiconducting silicon ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE DIFFERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHINE; SILICON; SI(001); PHOTOEMISSION; PHOSPHORUS; GROWTH; GAAS AB Clean, As- and P-terminated Si(100) surfaces were prepared with H-2 carrier gas and AsH3 and PH3 as precursors in an MOCVD chamber. Reflectance difference spectra (RDS) were taken in situ. Samples were then transferred under vacuum to an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) chamber for analysis with AES, LEED, and STM. Clean, As-terminated Si(100) surfaces were achieved by annealing the sample at T < 900 degreesC supplying either AsH3 or hydrogen (plus background As-x). Various preparation procedures were applied and benchmarked in UHV. Extended annealing under AsH3 led to strongly faceted surfaces whereas AsH3 flow of moderate concentration, temperature, and time led to flat, two-domain, (2 x 1)/(1 x 2) reconstructed surfaces. RD spectra almost identical to RD spectra of As/Si(100) surfaces prepared in UHV with MBE were obtained by annealing the samples under AsH3. Annealing under PH3 supply bore a new, two-domain (6 x 3)/(3 x 6) surface reconstruction at low flows, and a SiP compound at high flows. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Solar Energy SE 4, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hannappel, T (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Solar Energy SE 4, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM hannappel@hmi.de RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.08.043 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 881SS UT WOS:000225890300005 ER PT J AU Allerman, AA Crawford, MH Fischer, AJ Bogart, KHA Lee, SR Follstaedt, DM Provencio, PP Koleske, DD AF Allerman, AA Crawford, MH Fischer, AJ Bogart, KHA Lee, SR Follstaedt, DM Provencio, PP Koleske, DD TI Growth and design of deep-UV (240-290 nm) light emitting diodes using AlGaN alloys SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (ICMOVPE 12) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2004 CL Lahaina, HI DE metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; nitrides; AlGaN; light emitting diodes ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; EMISSION; SAPPHIRE; OPERATION; GAN; ALN AB Solid-state light sources emitting at wavelengths less than 300 nm would enable technological advances in many areas such as fluorescence-based biological agent detection, non-line-of-sight communications, water purification, and industrial processing including ink drying and epoxy curing. In this paper, we present our recent progress in the development of LEDs with emission between 237 and 297 nm. We will discuss growth and design issues of deep-UV LEDs, including transport in Si-doped AlGaN layers. The LEDs are designed for bottom emission so that improved heat sinking and light extraction can be achieved by flip chipping. To date, we have demonstrated 2.25mW of output power at 295 nm from I mm x I mm LEDs operated at 500 mA. Shorter wavelength LEDs emitting at 276 nm have achieved an output power of 1.3 mW at 400 mA. The heterostructure designs that we have employed have suppressed deep level emission to intensities that are up to 330 x lower than the primary quantum well emission. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1126, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1126, M-S0601,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aaaller@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 227 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.08.035 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 881SS UT WOS:000225890300038 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Konsek, SL Zettl, A Bourret-Courchesne, ED AF Johnson, MC Konsek, SL Zettl, A Bourret-Courchesne, ED TI Nucleation and growth of InN thin films using conventional and pulsed MOVPE SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (ICMOVPE 12) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2004 CL Lahina, HI DE nucleation; photoluminescence; scanning electron microscopy; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; indium nitride (InN); nitrides ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; INN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; INDIUM NITRIDE; HEXAGONAL INN; EPITAXY AB InN was deposited on c-sapphire and GaN substrates using conventional and pulsed metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. The nucleation and evolution of thin film growth was investigated. Growth temperature, V/III molar ratio, and substrate material were varied for the two different growth modes (conventional vs. pulsed MOCVD). It was found that InN deposition was sensitive to V/III molar ratio and growth temperature. Photoluminescence results show a peak emission at 0.83 eV. Results are presented that show the highest quality InN was deposited using pulsed metalorganic vapor-phase Epitaxy on GaN substrates. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bourret-Courchesne, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Adv Mat, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 2R0200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EDBourret@lbl.gov RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.08.057 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 881SS UT WOS:000225890300064 ER PT J AU Cederberg, JG Waldrip, KE Peake, GM AF Cederberg, JG Waldrip, KE Peake, GM TI Pendeoepitaxy of GaAs and In0.15Ga0.85As using laterally oxidized GaAs/Al0.96Ga0.04As templates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (ICMOVPE 12) CY MAY 30-JUN 04, 2004 CL Lahina, HI DE growth morphology; whiskers; metal-organic chemical vapor deposition; semiconducting III-V compounds ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SELECTIVE-AREA GROWTH; EPITAXIAL OVERGROWTH; BRIDGE LAYERS; DEPENDENCE; NONPLANAR; SHAPE; INP AB A technique is presented to achieve pendeoepitaxy of GaAs and In(0.15)Gao(0.85)As. GaAs/Al0.96Ga0.04 As templates were formed by etching patterns into the surface and oxidizing the exposed Al0.96Ga0.04As to form AlOx, which acts as a mask material. Experiments were performed for the homoepitaxial GaAs growth while varying the growth rate, AsH3 partial pressure, and the growth temperature to find conditions that produce near vertical sidewalls and smooth surfaces. In0.15Ga0.85As heteroepitaxy was performed to evaluate if any improvement in crystal quality could be achieved for growth on the engineered template compared to planar heteroepitaxy. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cederberg, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jgceder@sandia.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 272 IS 1-4 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.08.055 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 881SS UT WOS:000225890300095 ER PT J AU Li, HL Qian, LP Chen, ZQ Thibault, D Liu, G Liu, TB Thanassi, DG AF Li, HL Qian, LP Chen, ZQ Thibault, D Liu, G Liu, TB Thanassi, DG TI The outer membrane usher forms a twin-pore secretion complex SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PapC usher; twin-pore structure; electron crystallography; protein secretion; pili ID UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELL-SURFACE LOCALIZATION; DRIVES FIBER FORMATION; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; PILUS BIOGENESIS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; TRANSLOCATION CHANNEL; PROJECTION STRUCTURE; SUBUNIT COMPLEXES AB The PapC usher is an outer membrane protein required for assembly and secretion of P pili in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. P pilus biogenesis occurs by the chaperone/usher pathway, a terminal branch of the general secretory pathway. Periplasmic chaperone-subunit complexes target to the PapC usher for fiber assembly and secretion through the usher to the cell surface. The molecular details of pilus biogenesis at the usher, and protein secretion across the outer membrane in general, are unclear. We studied the structure and oligomeric state of PapC by gel filtration, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy and image analysis. Two-dimensional crystals of wild-type PapC and a C-terminal deletion mutant of PapC were produced by reconstituting detergent purified usher into E. coli lipids. PapC formed a dimer both in detergent solution and in the phospholipid bilayer. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that the usher forms a twin-pore complex. Removal of the C-terminal domain did not change the basic shape of the PapC molecule, but altered the dimeric association of the usher, suggesting that the C terminus forms part of the dimerization interface. The overall molecular size (11 nm), pore size (2 nm), and twin-pore configuration of PapC resemble that of the Tom40 complex, a mitochondrial outer membrane protein translocase. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Infect Dis, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Thanassi, DG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM david.thanassi@stonybrook.edu RI Liu, Tianbo/D-8915-2017 OI Liu, Tianbo/0000-0002-8181-1790 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62987] NR 61 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 344 IS 5 BP 1397 EP 1407 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.10.008 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 876NK UT WOS:000225503600016 PM 15561151 ER PT J AU Kalemos, A Dunning, TH Mavridis, A AF Kalemos, A Dunning, TH Mavridis, A TI SiH2, a critical study SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; (B)OVER-TILDE(1)A(1) ELECTRONIC STATES; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; SINGLET-TRIPLET GAPS; EXCITED-STATES; BENCHMARK CALCULATIONS; DISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM AB The first four spectroscopic states of the silylene molecule SiH2, namely, (X) over tilde (1)A(1), (a) over tilde B-3(1), (A) over tilde B-1(1) and (B) over tilde (1)A(1) were examined theoretically using multireference methods coupled with very large correlation consistent basis sets. Our aim is understanding why SiH2 has a singlet ground state ((X) over tilde (1)A(1)) as opposed to the (X) over tilde B-3(1) state of the isovalent carbene CH2, as well as the rationalization of its geometric and bonding characteristics. The interpretational philosophy followed is based on strictly calculable quantities in an effort to reduce to a minimum the always present but not well-defined 'chemical intuitionism'. All of our calculated quantities are in excellent agreement with existing experimental results. C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Chem, Phys Chem Lab, Athens 15710, Greece. RP Dunning, TH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dunning@jics.utk.edu OI Kalemos, Apostolos/0000-0002-1022-0029 NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 102 IS 23-24 BP 2597 EP 2606 DI 10.1080/00268970412331293802 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 882ZR UT WOS:000225979400019 ER PT J AU Argyriou, DN Ruett, U Adams, CP Lynn, JW Mitchell, JF AF Argyriou, DN Ruett, U Adams, CP Lynn, JW Mitchell, JF TI Phase separation in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO0.3: a case of weak quenched disorder SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; RAY DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETORESISTIVE MANGANITE; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; SEGREGATION AB Phase separation (PS) in manganites has been suggested to arise as a consequence of quenched disorder due to the size mismatch of the A-site cations in the perovskite lattice. In this paper, we have used single crystal x-ray and in-field neutron diffraction measurements to investigate PS in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3, a compound with weak quenched disorder. Above the charge/ordering transition, our measurements show CE-type clusters with a coherence length of similar to 20 Angstrom. At T-CE = 220 K the coherence length of the diffuse scattering diverges as a long-range ordered CE state is formed. Concurrently, the Huang scattering abruptly decreases at T-CE as the diffuse CE-type reflections develop into Bragg reflections, suggesting that the transition to the CE-state is of the disorder - order type. Our neutron measurements of the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) ordering in Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3, show the presence of FM 200 Angstrom clusters coexisting with long range AF and FM phases. Application of field after zero-field-cooling leads to the reduction of the diffuse FM scattering. We argue that PS in this compound arises as a consequence of the Jahn-Teller strain from Mn3+ centres that act like quenched disorder. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Argyriou, DN (reprint author), Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Glienicker Str 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. EM argyriou@hmi.edu NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 6 AR 195 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/195 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 879PI UT WOS:000225729300002 ER PT J AU Arsene, I Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Germinario, M Hagel, K Ito, H Jipa, A Jundt, F Jordre, JI Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lindal, S Lystad, R Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Neumann, B Nielsen, BS Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Ristea, C Ristea, O Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, SJ Scheetz, RA Staszel, P Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Yin, Z Zgura, IS AF Arsene, I Bearden, IG Beavis, D Besliu, C Budick, B Boggild, H Chasman, C Christensen, CH Christiansen, P Cibor, J Debbe, R Enger, E Gaardhoje, JJ Germinario, M Hagel, K Ito, H Jipa, A Jundt, F Jordre, JI Jorgensen, CE Karabowicz, R Kim, EJ Kozik, T Larsen, TM Lee, JH Lee, YK Lindal, S Lystad, R Lovhoiden, G Majka, Z Makeev, A Mikelsen, M Murray, M Natowitz, J Neumann, B Nielsen, BS Ouerdane, D Planeta, R Rami, F Ristea, C Ristea, O Rohrich, D Samset, BH Sandberg, D Sanders, SJ Scheetz, RA Staszel, P Tveter, TS Videbaek, F Wada, R Yin, Z Zgura, IS CA BRAHMS Collaboration TI Evolution of the nuclear modification factors with rapidity and centrality in d+Au collisions at root(NN)-N-S=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; LOW X; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; SEMIHARD PROCESSES; CROSS-SECTION; LOW Q(2); PLUS AU; SCATTERING; PARTON; HERA AB We report on a study of the transverse momentum dependence of nuclear modification factors R-dAu for charged hadrons produced in deuteron + gold collisions at roots(NN) = 200 GeV, as a function of collision centrality and of the pseudorapidity (eta=0, 1, 2.2, 3.2) of the produced hadrons. We find a significant and systematic decrease of R-dAu with increasing rapidity. The midrapidity enhancement and the forward rapidity suppression are more pronounced in central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. These results are relevant to the study of the possible onset of gluon saturation at energies reached at BNL RHIC. C1 Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Smoluchkowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, Bergen, Norway. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. RP Univ Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. RI Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Samset, Bjorn H./B-9248-2012 OI Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Samset, Bjorn H./0000-0001-8013-1833 NR 33 TC 283 Z9 283 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 242303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.242303 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100016 PM 15697798 ER PT J AU Chen, JW Lee, D Schaefer, T AF Chen, JW Lee, D Schaefer, T TI Inequalities for light nuclei in the Wigner symmetry limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; SCATTERING; FORCES; DEPENDENCE; EXPANSION; SYSTEMS; QCD AB Using effective field theory we derive inequalities for light nuclei in the Wigner symmetry limit. This is the limit where isospin and spin degrees of freedom can be interchanged. We prove that the energy of any three-nucleon state is bounded below by the average energy of the lowest two-nucleon and four-nucleon states. We show how this is modified by lowest-order terms breaking Wigner symmetry and prove general energy convexity results for SU(N). We also discuss the inclusion of Wigner-symmetric three- and four-nucleon force terms. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Ctr Theoret Phys Taipei, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 242302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.242302 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100015 PM 15697797 ER PT J AU Dohrmann, F Ahmidouch, A Armstrong, CS Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Avery, S Bailey, K Bitao, H Breuer, H Brown, DS Carlini, R Cha, J Chant, N Christy, E Cochran, A Cole, L Crowder, J Danagoulian, S Elaasar, M Ent, R Fenker, H Fujii, Y Gan, L Garrow, K Geesaman, DF Gueye, P Hafidi, K Hinton, W Juengst, H Keppel, C Liang, Y Liu, JH Lung, A Mack, D Markowitz, P Mitchell, J Miyoshi, T Mkrtchyan, H Mtingwa, SK Mueller, B Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Potterveld, D Raue, BA Reimer, PE Reinhold, J Roche, J Sarsour, M Sato, Y Segel, RE Semenov, A Stepanyan, S Tadevosian, V Tajima, S Tang, L Uzzle, A Wood, S Yamaguchi, H Yan, C Yuan, L Zeidman, B Zeier, M Zihlmann, B AF Dohrmann, F Ahmidouch, A Armstrong, CS Arrington, J Asaturyan, R Avery, S Bailey, K Bitao, H Breuer, H Brown, DS Carlini, R Cha, J Chant, N Christy, E Cochran, A Cole, L Crowder, J Danagoulian, S Elaasar, M Ent, R Fenker, H Fujii, Y Gan, L Garrow, K Geesaman, DF Gueye, P Hafidi, K Hinton, W Juengst, H Keppel, C Liang, Y Liu, JH Lung, A Mack, D Markowitz, P Mitchell, J Miyoshi, T Mkrtchyan, H Mtingwa, SK Mueller, B Niculescu, G Niculescu, I Potterveld, D Raue, BA Reimer, PE Reinhold, J Roche, J Sarsour, M Sato, Y Segel, RE Semenov, A Stepanyan, S Tadevosian, V Tajima, S Tang, L Uzzle, A Wood, S Yamaguchi, H Yan, C Yuan, L Zeidman, B Zeier, M Zihlmann, B TI Angular distributions for H-3,4(Lambda) bound states in the He-3,He-4(e,e(')K(+)) reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC PRODUCTION; NUCLEI AB The H-3,4(Lambda) and H-4(Lambda) hypernuclear bound states have been observed for the first time in kaon electroproduction on He-3,He-4 targets. The production cross sections have been determined at Q(2)=0.35 GeV2 and W=1.91 GeV. For either hypernucleus the nuclear form factor is determined by comparing the angular distribution of the He-3,He-4(e,e(')K(+))(Lambda)H-3,H-4 processes to the elementary cross section H-1(e,eK(+))Lambda on the free proton, measured during the same experiment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Juniata Coll, Huntingdon, PA 16652 USA. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. So Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Dohrmann, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM F.Dohrmann@fz-rossendorf.de RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Fujii, Yu/D-3413-2015 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; Fujii, Yu/0000-0001-6625-2241 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 242501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.242501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100017 PM 15697799 ER PT J AU Ebihara, T Harrison, N Jaime, M Uji, S Lashley, JC AF Ebihara, T Harrison, N Jaime, M Uji, S Lashley, JC TI Emergent fluctuation hot spots on the fermi surface of CeIn3 in strong magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; HEAVY-ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; RESISTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING; BORDER; ORDER AB de Haas-van Alphen measurements on CeIn3 in pulsed magnetic fields of up to 65 T reveal an increase in the quasiparticle effective mass with the field concentrated at "hot spots" on the Fermi surface as the Neel phase is suppressed. As well as revealing the existence of fluctuations deep within the antiferromagnetic phase, these data suggest that a possible new type of quantum critical point may exist in strong magnetic fields that involves only parts of the Fermi surface. C1 Shizuoka Univ, Dept Phys, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050004, Japan. RP Shizuoka Univ, Dept Phys, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RI Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015 OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 246401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.246401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100053 PM 15697835 ER PT J AU Evdokimov, AV Akgun, U Alkhazov, G Amaro-Reyes, J Atamantchouk, AG Ayan, AS Balatz, MY Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AMF Engelfried, J Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Gulmez, E Kangling, H Iori, M Jun, SY Kaya, M Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AP Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, VP Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lach, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Yunshan, L Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Chensheng, M Zhenlin, M Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Moinester, MA Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, SV Pogodin, P Procario, M Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmyslovich, BV Rud, VI Russ, J Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Torres, I Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Vazquez-Jauregui, E Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Wenheng, Z Shuchen, Z Zukanovich-Funchal, R AF Evdokimov, AV Akgun, U Alkhazov, G Amaro-Reyes, J Atamantchouk, AG Ayan, AS Balatz, MY Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AMF Engelfried, J Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Gulmez, E Kangling, H Iori, M Jun, SY Kaya, M Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AP Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, VP Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lach, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Yunshan, L Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Chensheng, M Zhenlin, M Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Moinester, MA Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Ocherashvili, A Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, SV Pogodin, P Procario, M Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmyslovich, BV Rud, VI Russ, J Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Torres, I Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Vazquez-Jauregui, E Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Wenheng, Z Shuchen, Z Zukanovich-Funchal, R CA SELEX Collaboration TI Observation of a narrow charm-strange meson D-sJ(+)(2632)-> D-s(+)eta and (DK+)-K-0 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK SYMMETRY AB We report the first observation of a charm-strange meson D-sJ(+)(2632) at a mass of 2632.5+/-1.7 MeV/c(2) in data from SELEX, the charm hadro-production experiment E781 at Fermilab. This state is seen in two decay modes, D(s)(+)eta and (DK+)-K-0. In the D(s)(+)eta decay mode we observe a peak with 101 events over a combinatoric background of 54.9 events at a mass of 2635.4+/-3.3 MeV/c(2). There is a corresponding peak of 21 events over a background of 6.9 at 2631.5+/-2.0 MeV/c(2) in the decay mode (DK+)-K-0. The decay width of this state is <17 MeV/c(2) at 90% confidence level. The relative branching ratio Gamma((DK+)-K-0)/Gamma(D(s)(+)eta) is 0.14+/-0.06. The mechanism that keeps this state narrow is unclear. Its decay pattern is also unusual, being dominated by the D(s)(+)eta decay mode. C1 Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Univ Fed Paraiba, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Michigan Flint, Flint, MI 48502 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Evdokimov, AV (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Maleev, Victor/R-4140-2016 OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; NR 21 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 242001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.242001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100013 PM 15697795 ER PT J AU Ku, W Eguiluz, AG AF Ku, W Eguiluz, AG TI Comment on "Band-Gap problem in semiconductors revisited: Effects of core states and many-body self-consistency" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ku, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 249702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.249702 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100090 ER PT J AU Lawes, G Kenzelmann, M Rogado, N Kim, KH Jorge, GA Cava, RJ Aharony, A Entin-Wohlman, O Harris, AB Yildirim, T Huang, QZ Park, S Broholm, C Ramirez, AP AF Lawes, G Kenzelmann, M Rogado, N Kim, KH Jorge, GA Cava, RJ Aharony, A Entin-Wohlman, O Harris, AB Yildirim, T Huang, QZ Park, S Broholm, C Ramirez, AP TI Competing magnetic phases on a kagome staircase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; FLUCTUATIONS; NI3V2O8; CO3V2O8; ORDER AB We present thermodynamic and neutron data on Ni3V2O8, a spin-1 system on a kagome staircase. The extreme degeneracy of the kagome antiferromagnet is lifted to produce two incommensurate phases at finite T-one amplitude modulated, the other helical-plus a commensurate canted antiferromagnet for T-->0. The H-T phase diagram is described by a model of competing first and second neighbor interactions with smaller anisotropic terms. Ni3V2O8 thus provides an elegant example of order from subleading interactions in a highly frustrated system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Lawes, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; ENTIN, ORA/F-1114-2012; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; harris, A Brooks/C-8640-2013 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; NR 18 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 247201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.247201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100073 PM 15697855 ER PT J AU Meunier, V Kalinin, SV Shin, J Baddorf, AP Harrison, RJ AF Meunier, V Kalinin, SV Shin, J Baddorf, AP Harrison, RJ TI Quantitative analysis of electronic properties of carbon nanotubes by scanning probe microscopy: From atomic to mesoscopic length scales SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; BASIS-SETS; FIELD AB A new multiscale approach to the quantitative interpretation of scanning probe microscopy data in terms of the local electronic properties of 1D systems such as carbon nanotubes is presented. The interactions between a probe and the system are treated using a combination of first-principles density functional calculations and continuum electrostatics modeling. Realistic tip size effects are included using an image charge model. It is shown that the local potential at a nanotube on a substrate due to a probe can be calculated quantitatively, allowing experimental data to be analyzed in terms of the electronic structure of defects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Meunier, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 246801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.246801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100062 PM 15697844 ER PT J AU Seppala, ET Belak, J Rudd, RE AF Seppala, ET Belak, J Rudd, RE TI Onset of void coalescence during dynamic fracture of ductile metals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; NUCLEATION; LINKING; SIMULATION; FAILURE; SOLIDS AB Molecular dynamics simulations in three-dimensional copper are performed to quantify the void coalescence process leading to fracture. The correlated growth of the voids during their linking is investigated both in terms of the onset of coalescence and the ensuing dynamical interactions through the rate of reduction of the distance between the voids and the directional growth of the voids. The critical intervoid ligament distance marking the onset of coalescence is shown to be approximately one void radius in both measures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Seppala, ET (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Div, L-415, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 245503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.245503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100042 PM 15697824 ER PT J AU Woodard, R Newman, DE Sanchez, R Carreras, BA AF Woodard, R Newman, DE Sanchez, R Carreras, BA TI Comment on "Do earthquakes exhibit self-organized criticality?" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Alaska, Dept Phys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Woodard, R (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Phys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RI Sanchez, Raul/C-2328-2008 NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 24 AR 249801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.249801 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 878QH UT WOS:000225661100091 PM 15697873 ER PT J AU Maria, SF Russell, LM Gilles, MK Myneni, SCB AF Maria, SF Russell, LM Gilles, MK Myneni, SCB TI Organic aerosol growth mechanisms and their climate-forcing implications SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY AB Surface- and volume-limited chemical reactions on and in atmospheric aerosol particles cause growth while changing organic composition by 13 to 24% per day. Many of these particles contain carbonaceous components from mineral dust and combustion emissions in Africa, Asia, and North America and reveal reaction rates that are three times slower than those typically used in climate models. These slower rates for converting from volatile or hydrophobic to condensed and hygroscopic organic compounds increase carbonaceous particle burdens in climate models by 70%, producing organic aerosol climate forcings of as much as -0.8 watt per square meter cooling and +03 watt per square meter warming. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russell, LM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lmrussell@ucsd.edu NR 16 TC 157 Z9 164 U1 12 U2 60 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5703 BP 1921 EP 1924 DI 10.1126/science.1103491 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 879DC UT WOS:000225695600040 PM 15591199 ER PT J AU Geissbuhler, P Fenter, P DiMasi, E Srajer, G Sorensen, LB Sturchio, NC AF Geissbuhler, P Fenter, P DiMasi, E Srajer, G Sorensen, LB Sturchio, NC TI Three-dimensional structure of the calcite-water interface by surface X-ray scattering SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE X-ray scattering, diffraction, and reflection; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; water; solid-liquid interfaces ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU; REFLECTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; 10(1)OVER-BAR4 SURFACE; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; ADSORPTION; GROWTH; DIFFRACTION; LIQUID; SIMULATION AB The three-dimensional structure of the calcite (104)-water interface has been determined with surface X-ray scattering. Nine crystal truncation rods (including specular and non-specular rods) were measured providing both vertical and lateral sensitivity to the interfacial structure. The results reveal that calcite is nearly ideally terminated with a single surface hydration layer that includes two inequivalent water molecules having distinct heights of 2.3 +/- 0.1 and 3.5 +/- 0.2 Angstrom, each with a well-defined lateral registry with respect to the calcite surface. No additional layering of water is observed beyond this surface hydration layer. Small displacements in the outer two calcium carbonate layers were also observed. These results are compared with previous experimental and computational results. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Cass Ave,ER-23, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov NR 51 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 573 IS 2 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.09.036 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 877YR UT WOS:000225612600009 ER PT J AU Trainor, TP Chaka, AM Eng, PJ Newville, M Waychunas, GA Catalano, JG Brown, GE AF Trainor, TP Chaka, AM Eng, PJ Newville, M Waychunas, GA Catalano, JG Brown, GE TI Structure and reactivity of the hydrated hematite (0001) surface SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; OXIDE SURFACES; IN-SITU; ALPHA-AL2O3; ALPHA-FE2O3(0001); PB(II); INTERFACES AB The structure of the hydroxylated hematite (0 0 0 1) surface was investigated using crystal truncation rod diffraction and density functional theory. The combined experimental and theoretical results suggest that the surface is dominated by two hydroxyl moieties-hydroxyls that are singly coordinated and doubly coordinated with Fe. The results are consistent with the formation of distinct domains of these surface species; one corresponding to the hydroxylation of the surface Fe-cation predicted to be most stable under UHV conditions, and the second a complete removal of this surface Fe species leaving the hydroxylated oxygen layer. Furthermore, our results indicate that the hydroxylated hematite surface structures are significantly more stable than their dehydroxylated counterparts at high water partial pressures, and this transition in stability occurs at water pressures orders of magnitude below the same transition for alpha-alumina. These results explain the observed differences in reactivity of hematite and alumina (0 0 0 1) surfaces with respect to water and binding of aqueous metal cations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biochem & Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Trainor, TP (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biochem & Chem, POB 756160, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fftpt@uaf.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 55 TC 168 Z9 169 U1 10 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 573 IS 2 BP 204 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.09.040 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 877YR UT WOS:000225612600010 ER PT J AU Chuang, FC Ciobanu, CV Shenoy, VB Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Chuang, FC Ciobanu, CV Shenoy, VB Wang, CZ Ho, KM TI Finding the reconstructions of semiconductor surfaces via a genetic algorithm SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE surface relaxation and reconstruction; surface energy; genetic algorithm; semi-empirical models and model calculations; silicon ID SI(5 5 12); SILICON; STRAIN; STABILITY; SI(001); SI(105); GE AB In this article we show that the reconstructions of semiconductor surfaces can be determined using a genetic procedure. Coupled with highly optimized interatomic potentials, the present approach represents an efficient tool for finding and sorting good structural candidates for further electronic structure calculations and comparison with scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images. We illustrate the method for the case of Si(1 0 5), and build a database of structures that includes the previously found low-energy models, as well as a number of novel configurations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Ciobanu, CV (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, 1610 Illinoois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cciobanu@mines.edu RI Ciobanu, Cristian/B-3580-2009; Chuang, FengChuan/H-7166-2013 OI Chuang, FengChuan/0000-0003-0351-4253 NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2004 VL 573 IS 2 BP L375 EP L381 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2004.09.041 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 877YR UT WOS:000225612600004 ER PT J AU Yang, XN Taylor, SR Patton, HJ AF Yang, XN Taylor, SR Patton, HJ TI The 20-s Rayleigh wave attenuation tomography for central and southeastern Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article DE surface wave attenuation; tomography; Asia ID UPPER-MANTLE; SURFACE-WAVES; M-S; CHINA; CRUST; EARTHQUAKES; AMPLITUDES; MAGNITUDE; VELOCITY; BIAS AB We conducted a tomographic inversion of 20-s Rayleigh wave spectral amplitudes to obtain a two-dimensional (2-D) attenuation model for central and southeastern Asia. We designed an amplitude-measuring procedure, making use of the phase match filtering technique and available source and path information, to minimize the measurement error. The resulting amplitude measurements showed much reduced scatter with consistent average attenuation estimates. The average quality factor Q from the measurements is about 220, lower than most global estimates. We took a two-step approach in our tomographic inversion. We first inverted the two-station amplitude ratios for a coarse-grid attenuation model. We then used this model as the a priori model and inverted the single-station spectral amplitudes to obtain the final attenuation model along with source and site response terms. The attenuation model from the inversion has a broad correlation with the geology and tectonics of the region. Low attenuation is seen in stable cratonic regions. High attenuation correlates with tectonically active regions. Compared with 1-D distance corrections, the use of 2-D attenuation model for path correction in M-s calculations reduced the station magnitude scatter by 16-18% on the average. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yang, XN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, MS D408, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xyang@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 109 IS B12 AR B12304 DI 10.1029/2004JB003193 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 881PR UT WOS:000225880400005 ER PT J AU Chikan, V Nizamov, B Leone, SR AF Chikan, V Nizamov, B Leone, SR TI Product state distributions of vibrationally excited CO(v) for the CH((XII)-I-2) and CH(A(2)Delta) channels of the C2H+O(P-3) reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE RATE COEFFICIENTS; LAVAL NOZZLE APPARATUS; ETHYNYL RADICAL C2H; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DISCRETE SIMULATION METHODS; C2H2/O/H ATOMIC FLAMES; 193.3 NM; INFRARED-EMISSION; CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS AB The C2H + O(P-3) reaction is investigated using time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TR-FTIR). The CH and O radicals are produced by 193-nm photolysis of C2H2 and SO2 precursors. Multiple vibrationally excited products are observed from several resulting reaction processes, including products: CO, CO2, C4H2, and CH. For this choice of photolytic precursors, it is observed that the C2H + SO2, C2H2 + O, and the HCCO + O reactions contribute to the observed product signals. To evaluate the contribution of the C2H + SO2 reaction to the removal kinetics of C2H in the C2H2/SO2 system, the room-temperature rate constant for the C2H + SO2 reaction is experimentally determined to be k = (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The time dependencies of the CO and CO2 species are measured experimentally and simulated to determine conditions under which contributions from the several processes that give the same product can be differentiated. Analysis of the nascent vibrational distribution of the CO products from C2H + O suggests the participation of both CH(A(2)Delta) and CH(X(2)Pi) products, in the ratio of similar to3:2. The surprisal parameters for the vibrational distribution of the CO products of these two channels are found to be -1.5 +/- 0.2 and -1.1 +/- 0.2, respectively. It is suggested that the reaction proceeds through the HCCOdouble dagger intermediate, in agreement with earlier studies, but the CH(A(2)Delta)/CH(X(2)Pi) branching fraction may be larger than previously reported. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 49 BP 10770 EP 10782 DI 10.1021/jp040317b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 877DV UT WOS:000225548900002 ER PT J AU Yu, HG Muckerman, JT AF Yu, HG Muckerman, JT TI Exploring the multiple reaction pathways for the H+cyc-C3H6 reaction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TRANSITION-STATE; ALKYL RADICALS; ALLYL; HYDROGEN; ATOMS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; ENERGY AB Reaction pathways for the hydrogen atom plus cyclopropane (cyc-C3H6) reaction are studied using an extrapolated coupled-cluster/complete basis set (CBS) method based on the cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, and cc-pVQZ basis sets. For this activated reaction, results reveal two reaction mechanisms, a direct H-abstraction and a H-addition/ring-opening. The hydrogen-abstraction reaction yields the H-2 and cyclopropyl (cyc-C3H5) radical products. The vibrationally adiabatic ground-state (VAG) barrier height is predicted to be 13.03 kcal/mol. The isomerization barrier height from the product cyclopropyl to allyl radical is 21.98 kcal/mol via a cyc-C3H5 ring-opening process. In addition, the H-addition and ring-opening mechanism will lead to an n-C3H7 radical, which can result in a variety of products such as CH3 + C2H4, H + CH3CHCH2, and H-2 + C3H5, etc. The VAG barrier height of the H-addition reaction is 16.49 kcal/mol, which is slightly higher than that of the direct H-abstraction reaction. Although the H + cyc-C3H6 --> CH4 + CH2CH reaction is exoergic by 11.90 kcal/mol, this reaction is unlikely due to a high barrier of 43.05 kcal/mol along the minimum energy path. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 49 BP 10844 EP 10849 DI 10.1021/jp0458194 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 877DV UT WOS:000225548900011 ER PT J AU Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT AF Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT TI The Ti8C12 metcar: A new model catalyst for hydrodesulfurization SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID METALLOCARBOHEDRENES M8C12; CLUSTERS; SURFACES; SULFUR; METAL; REACTIVITY; THIOPHENE; PATHWAYS; CARBIDE AB Elementary reaction steps and barriers for thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) on a Ti8C12 nanoparticle were investigated using density functional theory. It is found that despite its high carbon concentration Ti8C12 displays a superior catalytic potential for hydrodesulfurization. Compared to the industrial catalysts, the hydrogen dissociation and C-S bond cleavage on Ti8C12 are more facile, and the removal of sulfur is energetically comparable. Our results also show that the catalytic activity of Ti8C12 can be associated with its unique structure that is quite different from that of bulk metal carbides. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov; muckerma@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 49 BP 18796 EP 18798 DI 10.1021/jp045460j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 877DT UT WOS:000225548700003 ER PT J AU Henderson, MA AF Henderson, MA TI Acetone chemistry on oxidized and reduced TiO2(110) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; GAS-PHASE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; SURFACE-REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; WATER-VAPOR; TIO2; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; IDENTIFICATION AB The chemistry of acetone on the oxidized and reduced surfaces of TiO2(110) was examined using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS). The reduced surface was prepared with about 7% oxygen vacancy sites by annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) at 850 K, and the oxidized surface was prepared by exposure of the reduced surface to molecular oxygen at 95 K followed by heating the surface to a variety of temperatures between 200 and 500 K. Acetone adsorbs molecularly on the reduced surface with no evidence for either decomposition or preferential binding at vacancy sites. On the basis of HREELS, the majority of acetone molecules adsorbed in an eta(1) configuration at Ti4+ sites through interaction of lone-pair electrons on the carbonyl oxygen atom. Repulsive acetone-acetone interactions shift the desorption peak from 345 K at low coverage to 175 K as the first layer saturates with a coverage of similar to1 ML. In contrast, about 7% of the acetone adlayer decomposes when the surface is pretreated with molecular oxygen. Acetate is among the detected decomposition products but only comprises about one-third of the amount of decomposed acetone, and its yield depends on the temperature at which the O-2-exposed surface was preheated to prior to acetone adsorption. Aside from the small level of irreversible decomposition, about 0.25 ML of acetone is stabilized to 375 K by coadsorbed oxygen. These acetone species exhibit an HREELS spectrum unlike that of eta(1)-acetone or of any other species proposed to exist from the interaction of acetone with TiO2 powders. On the basis of the presence of extensive O-16/O-18 exchange between acetone and coadsorbed oxygen in the 375 K acetone TPD state, it is proposed that an acetone-oxygen complex forms on the TiO2(110) surface through nucleophilic attack of oxygen on the carbonyl carbon atom of acetone. The reaction between acetone and oxygen is initiated at temperatures as low as 135 K based on HREELS. The major decomposition pathway of the acetone-oxygen complex liberates acetone in the 375 K TPD peak. This species may be a key intermediate in acetone thermal and photolytic chemistry on TiO2 surfaces. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial Chem & Engn Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Henderson, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial Chem & Engn Grp, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma.henderson@pnl.gov NR 73 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 7 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 49 BP 18932 EP 18941 DI 10.1021/jp046357x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 877DT UT WOS:000225548700024 ER PT J AU Aray, Y Rodriguez, J Coll, DS Gonzalez, C Marquez, M AF Aray, Y Rodriguez, J Coll, DS Gonzalez, C Marquez, M TI Exploring the nature of wetting by water of surfaces of alkane-amidethiols adsorbed on gold using the electrostatic potential topology SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MOLECULES; FILMS; WETTABILITY; HYDRATION; DENSITY; IMPLEMENTATION; ADSORPTION; DYNAMICS; ETHERS AB The nature of the interaction of water molecules with the surface of a set of experimentally well-studied alkane-amidethiols adsorbed on a gold(111) surface and its effect on the water contact angle have been studied by carrying out a systematic determination of the topology of electrostatic potential using ab initio density functional theory methods for periodic systems. The obtained results have shown that the water contact angle decreases systematically as the number of minima by surface cell unit and the electrostatic potential magnitude at these minima, and consequently the adsorption strength, increases. Thus, this electrostatic potential magnitude can be used as a measure of the efficiency and ability of a chemical group for wetting of a surface by water. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kraft Foods R&D, Nanotechnol Lab, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, DEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. EM yaray@ivic.ve NR 62 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 49 BP 18942 EP 18948 DI 10.1021/jp047278o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 877DT UT WOS:000225548700025 ER PT J AU Holt, NE Kennis, JTM Fleming, GR AF Holt, NE Kennis, JTM Fleming, GR TI Femtosecond fluorescence upconversion studies of light harvesting by beta-carotene in oxygenic photosynthetic core proteins SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID II REACTION-CENTER; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOCHEMICAL-REACTION CENTER; PLANT PHOTOSYSTEM-II; SYNECHOCOCCUS-ELONGATUS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; INTERNAL-CONVERSION AB Energy transfer from beta-carotene to chlorophyll in the photosystem (PS) I core complex and the CP43, CP47, and reaction center (RC) proteins of PSII was studied by the femtosecond fluorescence upconversion technique. The carotenoid S-2 lifetimes/transfer efficiencies, the latter obtained by comparison with beta-carotene in solution, are similar to97 fs/33% (CP43), similar to100 fs/31% (CP47), similar to106 fs/26% (PSII-RC), and similar to62 fs/57% (PSI). By combining previous steady-state fluorescence excitation measurements with our ultrafast results on the carotenoid S-2 lifetime and chlorophyll rise kinetics, we conclude that the beta-carotene S-1 state is insignificant for light harvesting in the PSII core proteins. Measurement of the steady-state fluorescence excitation spectrum of PSI at 77 K in this work yielded a beta-carotene to chlorophyll energy transfer efficiency of 62 +/- 3%, suggesting dominant transfer from the carotenoid S-2 state. Interestingly, while both PSI and PSII almost exclusively utilize the carotenoid S-2 state for light harvesting, we find that this pathway is nearly two times more efficient in PSI. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Div Phys & Astron, Dept Biophys & Phys Complex Syst, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GRFleming@lbl.gov NR 55 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 49 BP 19029 EP 19035 DI 10.1021/jp046893p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 877DT UT WOS:000225548700036 ER PT J AU Dreuw, A Worth, GA Cederbaum, LS Head-Gordon, M AF Dreuw, A Worth, GA Cederbaum, LS Head-Gordon, M TI Ultrafast photoinitiated long-range electron transfer in cyclophane-bridged zincporphyrin-quinone complexes via conical intersections SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TRANSFER EXCITED-STATES; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ENERGY; EXCHANGE; MODEL; APPROXIMATION; EXCITATION; SURFACES AB Upon photoexcitation of the spectroscopically known Q states of cyclophane-bridged zincporphyrin-quinone complexes, an electron is transferred from the porphyrin to the quinone ring on a subpicosecond time scale. The details of the molecular mechanism of this ultrafast process are investigated with modem quantum chemical methods. Two excited-state crossings between the initially excited Q states and an appropriate zincporphyrinto-quinone charge-transfer state could be identified, which are located in the vicinity of the ground-state equilibrium geometry. One state crossing occurs along a vibrational mode corresponding to a twisting of the cyclophane bridges, the so-called twist mode, while a second crossing appears along a so-called swinging-bridge mode, in which the quinone ring swings versus the porphyrin ring. Arguments are given that these state crossings correspond to conical intersections, which present here a highly efficient pathway for long-range electron transfer. General aspects of the presented mechanism and its relevance for biological electron-transfer processes are discussed. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. Kings Coll London, Dept Chem, London WC2R 2LS, England. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys Chem, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Chem Sci & Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dreuw, A (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, Marie Curie Str 11, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. EM andreas.dreuw@theochem.uni-frankfurt.de RI Fachbereich14, Dekanat/C-8553-2015 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 49 BP 19049 EP 19055 DI 10.1021/jp048244j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 877DT UT WOS:000225548700039 ER PT J AU Hillier, LW Miller, W Birney, E Warren, W Hardison, RC Ponting, CP Bork, P Burt, DW Groenen, MAM Delany, ME Dodgson, JB Chinwalla, AT Cliften, PF Clifton, SW Delehaunty, KD Fronick, C Fulton, RS Graves, TA Kremitzki, C Layman, D Magrini, V McPherson, JD Miner, TL Minx, P Nash, WE Nhan, MN Nelson, JO Oddy, LG Pohl, CS Randall-Maher, J Smith, SM Wallis, JW Yang, SP Romanov, MN Rondelli, CM Paton, B Smith, J Morrice, D Daniels, L Tempest, HG Robertson, L Masabanda, JS Griffin, DK Vignal, A Fillon, V Jacobbson, L Kerje, S Andersson, L Crooijmans, RPM Aerts, J van der Poel, JJ Ellegren, H Caldwell, RB Hubbard, SJ Grafham, DV Kierzek, AM McLaren, SR Overton, IM Arakawa, H Beattie, KJ Bezzubov, Y Boardman, PE Bonfield, JK Croning, MDR Davies, RM Francis, MD Humphray, SJ Scott, CE Taylor, RG Tickle, C Brown, WRA Rogers, J Buerstedde, JM Wilson, SA Stubbs, L Ovcharenko, I Gordon, L Lucas, S Miller, MM Inoko, H Shiina, T Kaufman, J Salomonsen, J Skjoedt, K Wong, GKS Wang, J Liu, B Wang, J Yu, J Yang, HM Nefedov, M Koriabine, M deJong, PJ Goodstadt, L Webber, C Dickens, NJ Letunic, I Suyama, M Torrents, D von Mering, C Zdobnov, EM Makova, K Nekrutenko, A Elnitski, L Eswara, P King, DC Yang, S Tyekucheva, S Radakrishnan, A Harris, RS Chiaromonte, F Taylor, J He, JB Rijnkels, M Griffiths-Jones, S Ureta-Vidal, A Hoffman, MM Severin, J Searle, SMJ Law, AS Speed, D Waddington, D Cheng, Z Tuzun, E Eichler, E Bao, ZR Flicek, P Shteynberg, DD Brent, MR Bye, JM Huckle, EJ Chatterji, S Dewey, C Pachter, L Kouranov, A Mourelatos, Z Hatzigeorgiou, AG Paterson, AH Ivarie, R Brandstrom, M Axelsson, E Backstrom, N Berlin, S Webster, MT Pourquie, O Reymond, A Ucla, C Antonarakis, SE Long, MY Emerson, JJ Betran, E Dupanloup, I Kaessmann, H Hinrichs, AS Bejerano, G Furey, TS Harte, RA Raney, B Siepel, A Kent, WJ Haussler, D Eyras, E Castelo, R Abril, JF Castellano, S Camara, F Parra, G Guigo, R Bourque, G Tesler, G Pevzner, PA Smit, A Fulton, LA Mardis, ER Wilson, RK AF Hillier, LW Miller, W Birney, E Warren, W Hardison, RC Ponting, CP Bork, P Burt, DW Groenen, MAM Delany, ME Dodgson, JB Chinwalla, AT Cliften, PF Clifton, SW Delehaunty, KD Fronick, C Fulton, RS Graves, TA Kremitzki, C Layman, D Magrini, V McPherson, JD Miner, TL Minx, P Nash, WE Nhan, MN Nelson, JO Oddy, LG Pohl, CS Randall-Maher, J Smith, SM Wallis, JW Yang, SP Romanov, MN Rondelli, CM Paton, B Smith, J Morrice, D Daniels, L Tempest, HG Robertson, L Masabanda, JS Griffin, DK Vignal, A Fillon, V Jacobbson, L Kerje, S Andersson, L Crooijmans, RPM Aerts, J van der Poel, JJ Ellegren, H Caldwell, RB Hubbard, SJ Grafham, DV Kierzek, AM McLaren, SR Overton, IM Arakawa, H Beattie, KJ Bezzubov, Y Boardman, PE Bonfield, JK Croning, MDR Davies, RM Francis, MD Humphray, SJ Scott, CE Taylor, RG Tickle, C Brown, WRA Rogers, J Buerstedde, JM Wilson, SA Stubbs, L Ovcharenko, I Gordon, L Lucas, S Miller, MM Inoko, H Shiina, T Kaufman, J Salomonsen, J Skjoedt, K Wong, GKS Wang, J Liu, B Wang, J Yu, J Yang, HM Nefedov, M Koriabine, M deJong, PJ Goodstadt, L Webber, C Dickens, NJ Letunic, I Suyama, M Torrents, D von Mering, C Zdobnov, EM Makova, K Nekrutenko, A Elnitski, L Eswara, P King, DC Yang, S Tyekucheva, S Radakrishnan, A Harris, RS Chiaromonte, F Taylor, J He, JB Rijnkels, M Griffiths-Jones, S Ureta-Vidal, A Hoffman, MM Severin, J Searle, SMJ Law, AS Speed, D Waddington, D Cheng, Z Tuzun, E Eichler, E Bao, ZR Flicek, P Shteynberg, DD Brent, MR Bye, JM Huckle, EJ Chatterji, S Dewey, C Pachter, L Kouranov, A Mourelatos, Z Hatzigeorgiou, AG Paterson, AH Ivarie, R Brandstrom, M Axelsson, E Backstrom, N Berlin, S Webster, MT Pourquie, O Reymond, A Ucla, C Antonarakis, SE Long, MY Emerson, JJ Betran, E Dupanloup, I Kaessmann, H Hinrichs, AS Bejerano, G Furey, TS Harte, RA Raney, B Siepel, A Kent, WJ Haussler, D Eyras, E Castelo, R Abril, JF Castellano, S Camara, F Parra, G Guigo, R Bourque, G Tesler, G Pevzner, PA Smit, A Fulton, LA Mardis, ER Wilson, RK TI Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID NON-LTR RETROTRANSPOSONS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; RECENT SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; TISSUE-SPECIFIC GENES; BROWN-NORWAY RAT; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION; OLFACTORY RECEPTOR; MOUSE GENOME; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS AB We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome - composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000 - 23,000 genes - provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Comparat Genom & Bioinformat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EMBL, EBI, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Human Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Genet Unit, Oxford OX1 3QX, England. Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med, D-13025 Berlin, Germany. European Mol Biol Lab, D-69012 Heidelberg, Germany. Roslin Inst Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. INRA, Ctr Toulouse, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. Brunel Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cell & Chromosome Biol Grp, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Uppsala Univ, Uppsala Biomed Ctr, Dept Med Biochem & Miocrobiol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Evolutionary Biol, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. GSF, Forschungszentrum, Inst Mol Strahlenbiol, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. Univ Manchester, Dept Biomol Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Sanger Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SA, Cambs, England. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Biophys, Lab Syst Biol, PL-02106 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Dundee, Sch Life Sci, Div Cell & Dev Biol, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. Univ Nottingham, Queens Med Ctr, Inst Genet, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, EEBI Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Div Mol Biol, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Div Basic Med Sci & Mol Med, Dept Mol Life Sci, Isehara, Kanagawa 2591143, Japan. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Immunol Lab, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark. Odense Univ, Dept Immunol & Med Microbiol, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing Proteom Inst, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou Genom Inst, James D Watson Inst Genome Sci, Key Lab Bioinformat Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310007, Peoples R China. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington Univ, Lab Computat Genom, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Ctr Bioinformat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Georgia, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Stowers Inst Med Res, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Univ Geneva, Sch Med, Dept Genet Med & Dev, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Univ Lausanne, BEP, Ctr Integrat Genom, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Genome Bioinformat Grp, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Baskin Sch Engn, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Pompeu Fabra, Inst Municipal Invest Med, Grp Recerca Informat Biomed, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. Ctr Regulacio Genom, Programa Bioinformat & Genom, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain. Genome Inst Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Math, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Computat Biol Grp, Seattle, WA USA. RP Wilson, RK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, Campus Box 8501,4444 Forest Pk Ave, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM rwilson@watson.wustl.edu RI Overton, Ian/A-5911-2011; von Mering, Christian/B-3300-2008; Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/C-1213-2008; Aerts, Jan/C-4374-2008; Letunic, Ivica/A-6032-2009; Eyras, Eduardo/A-1560-2010; Emerson, J.J./D-8955-2011; Axelsson, Erik/A-6119-2009; Backstrom, Niclas/C-8425-2012; Smith, Jane/B-6254-2009; Hubbard, Simon/B-9006-2009; Hardison, Ross/G-1142-2010; Castelo, Robert/A-4679-2010; 郑, 征/C-8514-2011; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Castellano, Sergi/A-7437-2016; Gasull, Martina/A-6630-2013; Taylor, James/F-1026-2011; McPherson, John/D-2633-2017; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; van der Poel, Jan/E-5104-2012; Hoffman, Michael/I-1924-2012; Zdobnov, Evgeny/K-1133-2012; Kaessmann, Henrik/B-4989-2013; Smith, Jacqueline/C-7719-2013; Bork, Peer/F-1813-2013; Abril Ferrando, Josep/B-3877-2014; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014; Antonarakis, Stylianos/N-8866-2014; Romanov, Michael/O-9419-2014; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/G-9841-2015; Guigo, Roderic/D-1303-2010; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016; Torrents, David/G-5785-2015; OI von Mering, Christian/0000-0001-7734-9102; Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/0000-0001-6485-197X; Hardison, Ross/0000-0003-4084-7516; Castelo, Robert/0000-0003-2229-4508; Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Castellano, Sergi/0000-0002-5819-4210; Taylor, James/0000-0001-5079-840X; McPherson, John/0000-0001-8049-9347; Bonfield, James/0000-0002-6447-4112; Emerson, James/0000-0001-9474-0891; Caldwell, Randolph/0000-0003-3933-3243; Furey, Terry/0000-0001-5546-9672; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; Hoffman, Michael/0000-0002-4517-1562; Bork, Peer/0000-0002-2627-833X; Abril Ferrando, Josep/0000-0001-7793-589X; Antonarakis, Stylianos/0000-0001-8907-5823; Romanov, Michael/0000-0003-3584-4644; Camara Ferreira, Francisco/0000-0002-1971-5466; Guigo, Roderic/0000-0002-5738-4477; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874; Siepel, Adam/0000-0002-3557-7219; Torrents, David/0000-0002-6086-9037; wilson, stuart/0000-0003-3073-258X; Nekrutenko, Anton/0000-0002-5987-8032; Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972; Dickens, Nicholas/0000-0003-0492-5855; Tuzun, Eray/0000-0002-5550-7816 NR 165 TC 1445 Z9 1703 U1 19 U2 201 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7018 BP 695 EP 716 DI 10.1038/nature03154 PG 22 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877UE UT WOS:000225597200038 ER PT J AU Wong, GKS Liu, B Wang, J Zhang, Y Yang, X Zhang, ZJ Meng, QS Zhou, J Li, DW Zhang, JJ Ni, PX Li, SG Ran, LH Li, H Zhang, JG Li, RQ Li, ST Zheng, HK Lin, W Li, GY Wang, XL Zhao, WM Li, J Ye, C Dai, MT Ruan, J Zhou, Y Li, YZ He, XM Zhang, YZ Wang, J Huang, XG Tong, W Chen, J Ye, J Chen, C Wei, N Li, GQ Dong, L Lan, FD Sun, YQ Zhang, ZP Yang, Z Yu, YP Huang, YQ He, DD Xi, Y Wei, D Qi, QH Li, WJ Shi, JP Wang, MH Xie, F Wang, JJ Zhang, XW Wang, P Zhao, YQ Li, N Yang, N Dong, W Hu, SN Zeng, CQ Zheng, WM Hao, BL Hillier, LW Yang, SP Warren, WC Wilson, RK Brandstrom, M Ellegren, H Crooijmans, RPMA van der Poel, JJ Bovenhuis, H Groenen, MAM Ovcharenko, I Gordon, L Stubbs, L Lucas, S Glavina, T Aerts, A Kaiser, P Rothwell, L Young, JR Rogers, S Walker, BA van Hateren, A Kaufman, J Bumstead, N Lamont, SJ Zhou, HJ Hocking, PM Morrice, D de Koning, DJ Law, A Bartley, N Burt, DW Hunt, H Cheng, HH Gunnarsson, U Wahlberg, P Andersson, L Kindlund, E Tammi, MT Andersson, B Webber, C Ponting, CP Overton, IM Boardman, PE Tang, HZ Hubbard, SJ Wilson, SA Yu, J Wang, J Yang, HM AF Wong, GKS Liu, B Wang, J Zhang, Y Yang, X Zhang, ZJ Meng, QS Zhou, J Li, DW Zhang, JJ Ni, PX Li, SG Ran, LH Li, H Zhang, JG Li, RQ Li, ST Zheng, HK Lin, W Li, GY Wang, XL Zhao, WM Li, J Ye, C Dai, MT Ruan, J Zhou, Y Li, YZ He, XM Zhang, YZ Wang, J Huang, XG Tong, W Chen, J Ye, J Chen, C Wei, N Li, GQ Dong, L Lan, FD Sun, YQ Zhang, ZP Yang, Z Yu, YP Huang, YQ He, DD Xi, Y Wei, D Qi, QH Li, WJ Shi, JP Wang, MH Xie, F Wang, JJ Zhang, XW Wang, P Zhao, YQ Li, N Yang, N Dong, W Hu, SN Zeng, CQ Zheng, WM Hao, BL Hillier, LW Yang, SP Warren, WC Wilson, RK Brandstrom, M Ellegren, H Crooijmans, RPMA van der Poel, JJ Bovenhuis, H Groenen, MAM Ovcharenko, I Gordon, L Stubbs, L Lucas, S Glavina, T Aerts, A Kaiser, P Rothwell, L Young, JR Rogers, S Walker, BA van Hateren, A Kaufman, J Bumstead, N Lamont, SJ Zhou, HJ Hocking, PM Morrice, D de Koning, DJ Law, A Bartley, N Burt, DW Hunt, H Cheng, HH Gunnarsson, U Wahlberg, P Andersson, L Kindlund, E Tammi, MT Andersson, B Webber, C Ponting, CP Overton, IM Boardman, PE Tang, HZ Hubbard, SJ Wilson, SA Yu, J Wang, J Yang, HM CA Int Chicken Polymorphism Map Conso TI A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; BROILER LAYER CROSS; GENOME; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE; MUTATION; MARKERS; GROWTH; SNP AB We describe a genetic variation map for the chicken genome containing 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs). This map is based on a comparison of the sequences of three domestic chicken breeds ( a broiler, a layer and a Chinese silkie) with that of their wild ancestor, red jungle fowl. Subsequent experiments indicate that at least 90% of the variant sites are true SNPs, and at least 70% are common SNPs that segregate in many domestic breeds. Mean nucleotide diversity is about five SNPs per kilobase for almost every possible comparison between red jungle fowl and domestic lines, between two different domestic lines, and within domestic lines - in contrast to the notion that domestic animals are highly inbred relative to their wild ancestors. In fact, most of the SNPs originated before domestication, and there is little evidence of selective sweeps for adaptive alleles on length scales greater than 100 kilobases. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing Proteom Inst, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. Zhejiang Univ, James D Watson Inst Genome Sci, Hangzhou Genom Inst, Key Lab Genom Bioinformat Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310008, Peoples R China. Univ Washington, Dept Med, UW Genome Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Peking Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Beijing N Computat Ctr, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. China Agr Univ, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Evolutionay Biol, SE-75234 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Anim Breeding & Genet Grp, NL-6709 PG Wageningen, Netherlands. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Genome Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Roslin Inst Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biochem, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Oxford, Dept Human Anat & Genet, MRC, Funct Gent Unit, Oxford OX1 3QX, England. Univ Manchester, Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biomol Sci, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Wong, GKS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, Beijing Proteom Inst, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China. EM gksw@genomics.org.cn; leif.andersson@imbim.uu.se; hyang@genomics.org.cn RI Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/G-5784-2013; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016; He, Ximiao/C-1292-2010; Tammi, Martti/C-1115-2008; Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/C-1213-2008; Hubbard, Simon/B-9006-2009; Overton, Ian/A-5911-2011; Li, Heng/D-9344-2011; 郑, 征/C-8514-2011; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Bovenhuis, Henk/E-4750-2012; van der Poel, Jan/E-5104-2012; Walker, Brian/A-4984-2013; de Koning, Dirk Jan /F-3399-2013; Andersson, Bjorn/G-9832-2013; Wong, Gane/A-3771-2014 OI Wong, Gane Ka-Shu/0000-0001-6108-5560; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Hubbard, Simon/0000-0002-8601-9524; Hu, Songnian/0000-0003-3966-3111; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874; Walker, Brian/0000-0002-8615-6254; Ponting, Chris/0000-0003-0202-7816; He, Ximiao/0000-0003-1253-5275; Brandstrom Durling, Mikael/0000-0001-6485-197X; Li, Heng/0000-0003-4874-2874; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; de Koning, Dirk Jan /0000-0001-6343-8155; Andersson, Bjorn/0000-0002-4624-0259; FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/B/13497] NR 47 TC 293 Z9 323 U1 5 U2 65 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7018 BP 717 EP 722 DI 10.1038/nature03156 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877UE UT WOS:000225597200039 PM 15592405 ER PT J AU Kiepiela, P Leslie, AJ Honeyborne, I Ramduth, D Thobakgale, C Chetty, S Rathnavalu, P Moore, C Pfafferott, KJ Hilton, L Zimbwa, P Moore, S Allen, T Brander, C Addo, MM Altfeld, M James, I Mallal, S Bunce, M Barber, LD Szinger, J Day, C Klenerman, P Mullins, J Korber, B Coovadia, HM Walker, BD Goulder, PJR AF Kiepiela, P Leslie, AJ Honeyborne, I Ramduth, D Thobakgale, C Chetty, S Rathnavalu, P Moore, C Pfafferott, KJ Hilton, L Zimbwa, P Moore, S Allen, T Brander, C Addo, MM Altfeld, M James, I Mallal, S Bunce, M Barber, LD Szinger, J Day, C Klenerman, P Mullins, J Korber, B Coovadia, HM Walker, BD Goulder, PJR TI Dominant influence of HLA-B in mediating the potential co-evolution of HIV and HLA SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CLASS-I MOLECULES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; VIRUS; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; PROGRESSION; INFECTION; ALLELES; ADVANTAGE; EVOLUTION AB The extreme polymorphism in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I region of the human genome is suggested to provide an advantage in pathogen defence mediated by CD8(+) T cells(1-3). HLA class I molecules present pathogen-derived peptides on the surface of infected cells for recognition by CD8(+) T cells. However, the relative contributions of HLA-A and -B alleles have not been evaluated. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the class I restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), immune control of which is dependent upon virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell activity(4,5). In 375 HIV-1-infected study subjects from southern Africa, a significantly greater number of CD8(+) T-cell responses are HLA-B-restricted, compared to HLA-A (2.5-fold; P = 0.0033). Here we show that variation in viral set-point, in absolute CD4 count and, by inference, in rate of disease progression in the cohort, is strongly associated with particular HLA-B but not HLA-A allele expression (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.91, respectively). Moreover, substantially greater selection pressure is imposed on HIV-1 by HLA-B alleles than by HLA-A (4.4-fold, P = 0.0003). These data indicate that the principal focus of HIV-specific activity is at the HLA-B locus. Furthermore, HLA-B gene frequencies in the population are those likely to be most influenced by HIV disease, consistent with the observation that B alleles evolve more rapidly than A alleles(6-8). The dominant involvement of HLA-B in influencing HIV disease outcome is of specific relevance to the direction of HIV research and to vaccine design. C1 Univ KwaZuluNatal, Doris Duke Med Res Inst, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, ZA-4015 Durban, South Africa. Nuffield Dept Med, Dept Paediat, Oxford OX1 3SY, England. Royal Perth Hosp, Ctr Clin Immunol & Biomed Stat, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Royal Perth Hosp, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Dynal Biotech Ltd, Wirral CH62 3QL, Merseyside, England. Royal Free Hosp, Anthony Nolan Res Inst, London NW3 2QG, England. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. RP Goulder, PJR (reprint author), Univ KwaZuluNatal, Doris Duke Med Res Inst, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, 719 Umbilo Rd, ZA-4015 Durban, South Africa. EM philip.goulder@ndm.ox.ac.uk RI Day, Cheryl/J-9844-2012; Allen, Todd/F-5473-2011; OI Brander, Christian/0000-0002-0548-5778; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 28 TC 479 Z9 496 U1 5 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7018 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1038/nature03113 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 877UE UT WOS:000225597200052 PM 15592417 ER PT J AU Poulsen, CJ Jacob, RL AF Poulsen, CJ Jacob, RL TI Factors that inhibit snowball Earth simulation SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Neoproterozoic; snowball Earth; paleoclimate ID SEA-ICE; CAP CARBONATES; CLIMATE MODEL; OCEAN; IMPACT AB A coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model with a thermodynamic sea-ice model, the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model version 1.5, is used to investigate the factors that inhibit the simulation of global sea ice. In the control experiment with reduced solar luminosity (93% of modern), low atmospheric pCO(2) (140 ppm), and an idealized tropical continent, the sea-ice margin equilibrates at similar to27degrees latitude. A series of experiments was completed to systematically test the influence of deep-ocean circulation, wind-driven ocean circulation, convective mixing, sea-ice treatment, and radiative-cloud forcing, on the sea-ice extent. Model results indicate that both wind-driven circulation and cloud-radiative forcing are critical factors that inhibit sea-ice advance into the low latitudes. The wind-driven ocean circulation transports heat to the sea-ice margin, stabilizing the sea-ice margin. Clouds yield a positive radiative forcing over ice, warming the air overlying sea ice and decreasing sensible heat loss at the sea-ice margin. In the absence of either factor, sea ice expands to the equator within 15 model years, yielding a snowball Earth. We also find that intensification of the Hadley circulation as sea ice enters the Hadley domain promotes the climate instability that leads to global sea-ice cover. Results from this study help explain the wide disparity in conditions necessary to simulate global ice cover in previous climate models of the Neoproterozoic. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Poulsen, CJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1006 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM poulsen@umich.edu RI Poulsen, Christopher/C-6213-2009 OI Poulsen, Christopher/0000-0001-5104-4271 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 19 IS 4 AR PA4021 DI 10.1029/2004PA001056 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 881PW UT WOS:000225880900001 ER PT J AU Guzey, V Strikman, M Vogelsang, W AF Guzey, V Strikman, M Vogelsang, W TI Observations on dA scattering at forward rapidities SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; CROSS-SECTION; CHARGED PIONS; COLLISIONS; QCD AB We point out that the suppression in the ratio R-dAu recently observed by the BRAHMS Collaboration in forward scattering is stronger than usually appreciated. This is related to the fact that at forward rapidities BRAHMS measures negatively charged hadrons and that R-dAu is defined from the ratio of dA and pp scattering cross sections. We also investigate the influence of standard shadowing on R-dAu and the typical values of partonic momentum fractions relevant in forward scattering. We find that x(Au) greater than or equal to 0.02 dominate in the cross section. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Guzey, V (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM vogelsan@quark.phy.bnl.gov OI Guzey, Vadim/0000-0002-2393-8507 NR 45 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 603 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.10.033 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 875KR UT WOS:000225419600011 ER PT J AU Ferrandis, J Pakvasa, S AF Ferrandis, J Pakvasa, S TI A prediction for vertical bar mu(e3)vertical bar from patterns in the charged lepton spectra SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CABIBBO ANGLE; NEUTRINOS; MASSES; OSCILLATIONS; SYMMETRY; SU(2) AB It is shown that empirical relations between the charged lepton spectra and the quark spectra together with a bimaximal or near bimaximal neutrino mixing matrix necessarily imply that there is a contribution to \U-e3\ given by theta(C)/3root2 approximate to rootm(e)/2m(mu) approximate to 0.052, where theta(C) is the Cabibbo angle. This prediction could be tested in the near future reactor experiments. The charged lepton mixing also generates a less robust prediction for the angle theta(23) and a small contribution to the phase delta. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Phys & Astron, 2505 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ferrandis@mac.com; pakvasa@phys.hawaii.edu NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 603 IS 3-4 BP 184 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.10.031 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 875KR UT WOS:000225419600012 ER PT J AU Nie, HF Li, MH Bansil, R Konak, C Helmstedt, M Lal, J AF Nie, HF Li, MH Bansil, R Konak, C Helmstedt, M Lal, J TI Structure and dynamics of a pentablock copolymer of polystyrene-polybutadiene in a butadiene-selective solvent SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE dynamic light scattering; neutron scattering; multiblock copolymer ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; LIGHT-SCATTERING; VARYING SELECTIVITY; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MIDDLE BLOCK; A-BLOCK; KINETICS; FLUCTUATIONS AB We have examined solutions of a polystyrene-polybutadiene pentablock copolymer in n-heptane, a strongly selective solvent for polybutadiene. Small angle neutron scattering from 7 to 15% samples reveals domains about 10 nm in radius formed by the association of - 200 polystyrene blocks. Dynamic light scattering measurements on 8 and 9% samples showed three modes: a fast diffusive mode related to the collective diffusion in semidilute solutions/gels; a relaxational mode related to the local dynamics of polystyrene domains trapped in the gel formed by bridging the domains with the polybutadiene chains; and a very slow diffusive mode. The relaxational dynamics persisted over the entire temperature range, becoming faster with increasing temperature, indicating a decreased microviscosity at higher temperatures. The slow dynamics seems to be connected with heterogeneities in the physical gel due to microsyneresis and almost disappeared above 50 degreesC. Macroscopic phase separation into two liquid phases was observed in a dilute solution of the un-associated copolymer, and into a liquid and gel phase at higher concentrations. The absence of flower-like micelles in dilute solutions and the macroscopic phase seperation suggest that the gels in the pentablock are formed by random association of multiplet domains and not by bridging of micellar domains. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Macromol Chem, Prague 16206 6, Czech Republic. Univ Leipzig, Fak Phys & Geowissensch, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bansil, R (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Polymer Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM rb@bu.edu RI Konak, Cestmir/H-7177-2014 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD DEC 9 PY 2004 VL 45 IS 26 BP 8791 EP 8799 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.051 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 876OZ UT WOS:000225508100016 ER PT J AU Shamsi, A AF Shamsi, A TI Carbon formation on Ni-MgO catalyst during reaction of methane in the presence of CO2 and CO SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE synthesis gas; dry reforming; catalysis; carbon formation ID SYNTHESIS GAS; DEPOSITION BEHAVIOR; NICKEL-CATALYSTS; DIOXIDE; CH4; SYNGAS; PERFORMANCE; PROMOTERS; MECHANISM; SURFACE AB Reactions of (CH4)-C-13 and (CH4)-C-12 in the presence of either CO2 or CO over reduced and oxidized Ni-MgO catalyst were studied to obtain mechanistic information on carbon deposition at low and high pressure. As the reaction time increased the amount of carbon deposited on the catalyst also increased. The carbon deposited on the catalyst during the first hour of reaction appears to be very active and was removed readily by reacting with 2 vol.% oxygen in helium at 660 degreesC and the catalyst recovered its original activity and selectivity after removal of carbon. During the temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) of deposited carbon the catalyst Consumed a significant amount of oxygen forming nickel oxide, only a fraction of which is consumed by reacting with carbon species on the surface. This indicates that the surface oxygen plays a significant role in oxidizing and removing carbon species from the catalyst surfaces. Pulse reaction and oxidation experiments show that methane is activated on the surfaces of both the oxidized and reduced catalyst whereas the CO2 activation requires the catalyst to be in reduced state. Carbon deposited on the catalyst is formed from both methane and CO2, possibly via disproportionation of CO which is produced from both (CH4)-C-13 and (CO2)-C-12. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Shamsi, A (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880,3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ashams@netl.doe.gov NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 277 IS 1-2 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2004.08.015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 874IC UT WOS:000225343100003 ER PT J AU Sachs, JN Crozier, PS Woolf, TB AF Sachs, JN Crozier, PS Woolf, TB TI Atomistic simulations of biologically realistic transmembrane potential gradients SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SLAB GEOMETRY; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; EWALD SUMMATION; LIPID-BILAYERS; CHANNEL; WATER; MEMBRANE; CHLORIDE; SYSTEMS AB We present all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of biologically realistic transmembrane potential gradients across a DMPC bilayer. These simulations are the first to model this gradient in all-atom detail, with the field generated solely by explicit ion dynamics. Unlike traditional bilayer simulations that have one bilayer per unit cell, we simulate a 170 mV potential gradient by using a unit cell consisting of three salt-water baths separated by two bilayers, with full three-dimensional periodicity. The study shows that current computational resources are powerful enough to generate a truly electrified interface, as we show the predicted effect of the field on the overall charge distribution. Additionally, starting from Poisson's equation, we show a new derivation of the double integral equation for calculating the potential profile in systems with this type of periodicity. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Mat & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Sachs, JN (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, POB 6666, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 43 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 22 BP 10847 EP 10851 DI 10.1063/1.1826056 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RS UT WOS:000225440000003 PM 15634036 ER PT J AU Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K AF Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K TI Correlation energy extrapolation by intrinsic scaling. III. Compact wave functions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REDUCED DENSITY-MATRICES; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION METHOD; MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DETERMINING QUANTUM ENERGIES; CORRECT ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; MULTIPLE ACTIVE SPACES; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; EXACT-EXCHANGE; VARIABLE OCCUPATIONS AB The information gained in the context of extrapolating the correlation energy by intrinsic scaling is used to shorten the full configurational expansions of electronic wave function without compromising their chemical accuracy. The truncations are accomplished by judiciously limiting the participation of the ranges of predetermined approximate sets of natural orbitals in the various excitation categories. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bytautas, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 78 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 22 BP 10852 EP 10862 DI 10.1063/1.1814937 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RS UT WOS:000225440000004 PM 15634037 ER PT J AU Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K AF Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K TI Correlation energy extrapolation by intrinsic scaling. I. Method and application to the neon atom SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION METHOD; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; MATRIX RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; EXACT WAVE-FUNCTION; ELECTRONIC SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; MULTIPLE ACTIVE SPACES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY AB Remarkably accurate scaling relations are shown to exist between the correlation energy contributions from various excitation levels of the configuration interaction approach, considered as functions of the size of the correlating orbital space. These relationships are used to develop a method for extrapolating a sequence of smaller configuration interaction calculations to the full configuration-interaction energy. Calculations of the neon atom ground state with the Dunning's quadruple zeta basis set demonstrate the ability of the method to obtain benchmark quality results. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 116 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 22 BP 10905 EP 10918 DI 10.1063/1.1811603 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RS UT WOS:000225440000008 PM 15634041 ER PT J AU Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K AF Bytautas, L Ruedenberg, K TI Correlation energy extrapolation by intrinsic scaling. II. The water and the nitrogen molecule SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; FULL CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; MATRIX RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; MULTIPLE ACTIVE SPACES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; ELECTRON CORRELATION; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY AB The extrapolation method for determining benchmark quality full configuration-interaction energies described in preceding paper [L. Bytautas and K. Ruedenberg, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 10905 (2004)] is applied to the molecules H2O and N-2. As in the neon atom case, discussed in preceding paper [L. Bytautas and K. Ruedenberg, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 10905 (2004)] remarkably accurate scaling relations are found to exist between the correlation energy contributions from various excitation levels of the configuration-interaction approach, considered as functions of the size of the correlating orbital space. The method for extrapolating a sequence of smaller configuration-interaction calculations to the full configuration-interaction energy and for constructing compact accurate configuration-interaction wave functions is also found to be effective for these molecules. The results are compared with accurate ab initio methods, such as many-body perturbation theory, coupled-cluster theory, as well as with variational calculations wherever possible. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bytautas, L (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 118 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 22 BP 10919 EP 10934 DI 10.1063/1.1811604 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RS UT WOS:000225440000009 PM 15634042 ER PT J AU Batista, ER Martin, RL Hay, PJ AF Batista, ER Martin, RL Hay, PJ TI Density functional investigations of the properties and thermochemistry of UFn and UCln (n=1,...,6) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; HARTREE-FOCK; ACTINIDE TETRAHALIDES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; STANDARD ENTHALPIES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; EXACT EXCHANGE AB The structural properties and thermochemistry of the UFn and UCln (n=1,...,6) molecules have been investigated using hybrid density functional theory and a small-core (60 electrons) relativistic effective core potential for the uranium atom. For the first time Bond dissociation energies for this whole series are computed and shown to be in good agreement with experiment. The geometry and electronic structure of each molecule was characterized. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Batista, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pjhay@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 22 BP 11104 EP 11111 DI 10.1063/1.1811607 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875RS UT WOS:000225440000030 PM 15634063 ER PT J AU Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR AF Furdyna, JK Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Vurgaftman, I Meyer, JR TI Fermi level effects on Mn incorporation in modulation-doped ferromagnetic III1-xMnxV heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanospintronics Design and Realization (ICNDR 2004) CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Nanospintron Design & Realizat Project Member ID CURIE-TEMPERATURE; SEMICONDUCTORS; IN1-XMNXSB; GAMNAS AB The effect of increasing the Fermi level by modulation doping on the incorporation of Mn into the III-V host lattice-and hence on the ferromagnetic properties of III1-xMnx V alloys-is investigated in Ga1-xMnxAs/Ga1-yAlyAs heterojunctions and quantum wells. Introducing Be acceptors into the Ga1-yAlyAs barriers leads to an increase of the Curie temperature T-C of Ga1-xMnxAs, from 70 K in undoped structures to over 100 K in modulation-doped structures. This increase is qualitatively consistent with multi-band mean field theory simulation of carrier-mediated ferromagnetism. Here the crucial feature is that the increase of T-C occurs only in those structures where the modulation doping is introduced after the deposition of the magnetic layer, and that T-C actually drops when the Be-doped layer is grown first. Using ion channelling techniques we provide direct evidence that this latter reduction in T-C is directly correlated with an increased formation of magnetically inactive Mn interstitials. This formation of interstitials is induced by the shift of the Fermi energy as the holes are transferred from the barrier to the quantum well during the growth. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 48 SI SI BP S5499 EP S5508 AR PII S0953-8984(04)79188-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/48/004 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 883PH UT WOS:000226025300005 ER PT J AU Lazarovits, B Ujfalussy, B Szunyogh, L Stocks, GM Weinberger, P AF Lazarovits, B Ujfalussy, B Szunyogh, L Stocks, GM Weinberger, P TI Ab inito study of canted magnetism of finite atomic chains at surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanospintronics Design and Realization (ICNDR 2004) CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Nanospintron Design & Realizat Project Member ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PRINCIPLES SPIN DYNAMICS; NONCOLLINEAR MAGNETISM; FE CLUSTERS; ANISOTROPY; CR AB By using ab initio methods on different levels we study the magnetic ground state of (finite) atomic wires deposited on metallic surfaces. A phenomenological model based on symmetry arguments suggests that the magnetization of a ferromagnetic wire is aligned either normal to the wire and, generally, tilted with respect to the surface normal or parallel to the wire. From a first-principles point of view, this simple model can be best related to the so-called magnetic force theorem calculations being often used to explore magnetic anisotropy energies of bulk and surface systems. The second theoretical approach that we use to search for the canted magnetic ground state is the first-principles adiabatic spin dynamics technique extended to the case of fully relativistic electron scattering. First, for the case of two adjacent Fe atoms on a Cu(111) surface we demonstrate that the reduction of the surface symmetry can indeed lead to canted magnetism. The anisotropy constants and consequently the ground state magnetization direction are very sensitive to the position of the dimer with respect to the surface. We also performed calculations for a seven-atom Co chain placed along a step edge of a Pt(111) surface. As far as the ground state spin orientation is concerned, we obtain excellent agreement with experiment. Moreover, the magnetic ground state turns out to be slightly non-collinear. C1 Tech Univ, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Dept Theoret Phys, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Ctr Appl Math & Computat Phys, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary. RP Szunyogh, L (reprint author), Tech Univ, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Gumpeendorferstr 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. EM szunyogh@heisenberg.phy.bme.hu RI Szunyogh, Laszlo/A-7956-2010; Ujfalussy, Balazs/A-8155-2013; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Ujfalussy, Balazs/0000-0003-3338-4699; Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 48 SI SI BP S5833 EP S5840 AR PII S0953-8984(04)79111-0 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/48/058 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 883PH UT WOS:000226025300059 ER PT J AU Sakurai, Y Deb, A Itou, M Hiraoka, N Koizumi, A Tomioka, Y Tokura, Y AF Sakurai, Y Deb, A Itou, M Hiraoka, N Koizumi, A Tomioka, Y Tokura, Y TI A magnetic Compton scattering study of double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanospintronics Design and Realization (ICNDR 2004) CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Nanospintron Design & Realizat Project Member ID DENSITY AB The spin-polarized electron momentum distribution (magnetic Compton profile: MCP) of ferromagnetic Sr2FeMoO6 has been measured using the magnetic Compton scattering technique at room temperature. The experimental MCP is in good agreement with that obtained by a first-principles band-structure calculation. The experiment and calculation reveal a hollow around p(z) = 0, which support the conclusion that there exists a negatively spin-polarized Fe 3d-Mo 4d mixed state. C1 Japan Synchtroton Radiat Res Inst, JASRI, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Hyogo, Ako, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, CERC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058529, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Sakurai, Y (reprint author), Japan Synchtroton Radiat Res Inst, JASRI, SPring 8,1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. RI Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009; Deb, Aniruddha/H-7529-2016 OI Deb, Aniruddha/0000-0002-0331-9709 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 48 SI SI BP S5717 EP S5720 AR PII S0953-8984(04)79695-2 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/48/034 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 883PH UT WOS:000226025300035 ER PT J AU Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM Svane, A Petit, L Strange, P Stocks, GM Kodderitzsch, D Hergert, W Winter, H AF Szotek, Z Temmerman, WM Svane, A Petit, L Strange, P Stocks, GM Kodderitzsch, D Hergert, W Winter, H TI Electronic structure of half-metallic ferromagnets and spinel ferromagnetic insulators SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nanospintronics Design and Realization (ICNDR 2004) CY MAY 24-28, 2004 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Nanospintron Design & Realizat Project Member ID SELF-INTERACTION CORRECTION; VERWEY TRANSITION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; PNICTIDES; SYSTEMS; OXIDES; FIELD AB We discuss an application of the self-interaction-corrected local spin density (SIC-LSD) approximation to study electronic structure of some half-metallic ferromagnets and ferromagnetic insulators of current interest in spintronics. Both d- and f-electron materials are considered, and we concentrate on the nominal valence and ground state properties of these systems. C1 Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Aarhus, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Keele, Sch Chem & Phys, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Fachbereich Phys, D-06099 Halle An Der Saale, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INFP, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Szotek, Z (reprint author), Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RI Petit, Leon/B-5255-2008; Strange, Paul/C-9022-2012; Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016; OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X; Petit, Leon/0000-0001-6489-9922 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 48 SI SI BP S5587 EP S5600 AR PII S0953-8984(04)83056-X DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/48/015 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 883PH UT WOS:000226025300016 ER PT J AU Yang, X Niu, SQ Ichiye, T Wang, LS AF Yang, X Niu, SQ Ichiye, T Wang, LS TI Direct measurement of the hydrogen-bonding effect on the intrinsic redox potentials of [4Fe-4S] cubane complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PEPTOCOCCUS-AEROGENES FERREDOXIN; MULTIPLY-CHARGED ANIONS; IRON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; PHOTODETACHMENT PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BASIS-SET; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; REDUCTION POTENTIALS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM AB To probe how H-bonding effects the redox potential changes in Fe-S proteins, we produced and studied a series of gaseous cubane-type analogue complexes, [Fe4S4(SEt)(3)(SCrH2n+1)](2-) and [Fe4S4(SEt)(3)(SCnH2nOH)](2-) (n = 4, 6, 11; Et = C2H5). Intrinsic redox potentials for the [Fe4S4](2+/3+) redox couple involved in these complexes were measured by photoelectron spectroscopy. The oxidation energies from [Fe4S4(SEt)(3)(SCnH2nOH)](2-) to [Fe4S4(SEt)(3)(SCnH2nOH)](-) were determined directly from the photoelectron spectra to be similar to130 meV higher than those for the corresponding [Fe4S4(SEt)(3)(SCnH2n+1)](2-) systems, because of the OH...S hydrogen bond in the former. Preliminary Monte Carlo and density functional calculations showed that the H-bonding takes place between the -OH group and the S on the terminal ligand in [Fe4S4(SEt)(3)(SC6H12OH)](2-). The current data provide a direct experimental measure of a net H-bonding effect on the redox potential of [Fe4S4] clusters without the perturbation of other environmental effects. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-63555] NR 59 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 48 BP 15790 EP 15794 DI 10.1021/ja045709a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 876OD UT WOS:000225505700031 PM 15571403 ER PT J AU Dickson, PM Asay, BW Henson, BF Smilowitz, LB AF Dickson, PM Asay, BW Henson, BF Smilowitz, LB TI Thermal cook-off response of confined PBX 9501 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cook-off; PBX 9501; thermal explosion ID DECOMPOSITION; HMX AB The thermal cook-off response of energetic materials (ignition resulting from direct, bulk thermal heating) is important from a safety point of view, but also challenges our understanding of these materials. Explosives are not designed to be cooked off, and, especially in the case of slow cook-off, by the time the material ignites it is substantially different, both chemically and physically, from its original state. In attempting to model such a process numerically, it has generally been assumed that combustion proceeds, from an ignition point, in a more or less planar manner, as has been observed many times in pristine energetic materials at room temperature. To investigate directly the spread of reaction following cook-off in one such energetic material (PBX 9501), small discs of PBX 9501 were heated with a confining glass or sapphire window through which the early stages of the combustion process could be observed directly by high-speed photography. The resulting combustion was found to vary with temperature of ignition, but in all cases was quite different to the laminar burn model. The results of these tests are presented, together with some possible explanations of the behaviour and discussion of the implications to modelling this response. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dickson, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dickson@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-5021 EI 1471-2946 J9 P ROY SOC A-MATH PHY JI Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD DEC 8 PY 2004 VL 460 IS 2052 BP 3447 EP 3455 DI 10.1098/rspa.2004.1248 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 876IB UT WOS:000225489000004 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, AM Spence, HE Hughes, WJ Singer, HJ AF Jorgensen, AM Spence, HE Hughes, WJ Singer, HJ TI A statistical study of the global structure of the ring current SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ring current; CRRES; magnetic storms ID MAGNETOSPHERIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND PRESSURE; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; DISTURBANCE FIELD; CURRENT SHEET; GROWTH-PHASE; STORMS; DST; SUBSTORM AB In this paper we derive the average configuration of the ring current as a function of the state of the magnetosphere as indicated by the Dst index. We sort magnetic field data from the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) by spatial location and by the Dst index in order to produce magnetic field maps. From these maps we calculate local current systems by taking the curl of the magnetic field. We find both the westward (outer) and the eastward (inner) components of the ring current. We find that the ring current intensity varies linearly with Dst as expected and that the ring current is asymmetric for all Dst values. The azimuthal peak of the ring current is located in the afternoon sector for quiet conditions and near midnight for disturbed conditions. The ring current also moves closer to the Earth during disturbed conditions. We attempt to recreate the Dst index by integrating the magnetic perturbations caused by the ring current. We find that we need to multiply our computed disturbance by a factor of 1.88 +/- 0.27 and add an offset of 3.84 +/- 4.33 nT in order to get optimal agreement with Dst. When taking into account a tail current contribution of roughly 25%, this agrees well with our expectation of a factor of 1.3 to 1.5 based on a partially conducting Earth. The offset that we have to add does not agree well with an expected offset of approximately 20 nT based on solar wind pressure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ajorg@lanl.gov RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 109 IS A12 AR A12204 DI 10.1029/2003JA010090 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 881PS UT WOS:000225880500001 ER PT J AU Attwood, D AF Attwood, D TI Extreme ultraviolet light sources for semiconductor manufacturing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Attwood, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 37 IS 23 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/37/23/E01 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 882CC UT WOS:000225915200001 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Rickert, PG Kolarik, Z Borkowski, M Thiyagarajan, P AF Chiarizia, R Jensen, MP Rickert, PG Kolarik, Z Borkowski, M Thiyagarajan, P TI Extraction of zirconium nitrate by TBP in n-octane: Influence of cation type on third phase formation according to the "sticky spheres" model SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-BUTYL PHOSPHATE; 3RD PHASE-FORMATION; 3RD-PHASE FORMATION; SURFACE-ADHESION; DODECANE SYSTEM; HARD-SPHERES; BAXTER MODEL; SCATTERING; WATER; SANS AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data for the tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)-n-octane, HNO3- Zr(NO3)(4) solvent extraction system, obtained under a variety of experimental conditions, have been interpreted using the Baxter model for hard spheres with surface adhesion. The increase in scattering intensity in the low Q range observed when increasing amounts of Zr(NO3)(4) were extracted into the organic phase was interpreted as arising from interactions between small reverse micelle-like particles containing two to three TBP molecules. Upon extraction of Zr(NO3)(4), the particles interact through attractive forces between their polar cores with a potential energy that exceeds 2 k(B)T. The interparticle attraction, under suitable conditions, leads to third phase formation. A linear relationship exists between the derivative of the potential energy of attraction with respect to the concentration of nitrate ions in the organic phase and the ionization potential or the hydration enthalpy of the extracted metal cations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chiarizia@anl.gov RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 40 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 25 BP 10798 EP 10808 DI 10.1021/la0488957 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 876MI UT WOS:000225500700005 PM 15568827 ER PT J AU Kariuki, NN Luo, J Maye, MM Hassan, SA Menard, T Naslund, HR Lin, YH Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Zhong, CJ AF Kariuki, NN Luo, J Maye, MM Hassan, SA Menard, T Naslund, HR Lin, YH Wang, CM Engelhard, MH Zhong, CJ TI Composition-controlled synthesis of bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ALLOY NANOPARTICLES; AU-AG; ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; CLUSTERS; MONOLAYERS; METHANOL; CORE; SIZE AB This paper reports findings of an investigation of the synthesis of monolayer-capped binary gold-silver (AuAg) bimetallic nanoparticles that is aimed at understanding the control factors governing the formation of the bimetallic compositions. The synthesis of alkanethiolate-capped AuAg nanoparticles was carried out using two related synthetic protocols using aqueous sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. One involves a two-phase reduction of AuCl4-, which is dissolved in organic solution, and Ag+, which is dissolved in aqueous solution. The other protocol involves a two-phase reduction of AuCl4- and AgBr2-, both of which are dissolved in the same organic solution. AuAg nanoparticles of 2-3 nm core sizes with different compositions in the range of 0-100% An have been synthesized. The two synthetic routes were compared in terms of bimetallic composition and size properties. Our new findings have allowed us to establish the correlation between synthetic feeding of metals and metal compositions in the bimetallic nanoparticles, which have important implications to the exploration of gold-based bimetallic nanoparticles for constructing sensing and catalytic nanomaterials. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhong, CJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM cjzhong@binghamton.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 39 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 20 IS 25 BP 11240 EP 11246 DI 10.1021/la048438q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 876MI UT WOS:000225500700059 PM 15568881 ER PT J AU Parham, JF Stuart, BL Bour, R Fritz, U AF Parham, JF Stuart, BL Bour, R Fritz, U TI Evolutionary distinctiveness of the extinct Yunnan box turtle (Cuora yunnanensis) revealed by DNA from an old museum specimen SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cuora yunnanensis; ancient DNA; extinction; endangered species; China; turtle ID TESTUDINES AB Cuora yunnanensis is an extinct turtle known from 12 specimens collected from Yunnan, China, before 1908. We used ancient DNA methods to sequence 1723 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA from a museum specimen of C. yunnanensis. Unlike some rare 'species' recently described from the pet trade, C. yunnanensis represents a lineage that is distinct from other known turtles. Besides C. yunnanensis, two other valid species (C. mccordi, C. zhoui) are unknown in the wild but are supposedly from Yunnan. Intensive field surveys for surviving wild populations of these critically endangered species are urgently needed. C1 Joint Genome Inst, Evolut Genom Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Paleontol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Field Museum, Dept Zool, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Systemat & Evolut, Lab Reptiles & Amphibiens, F-75005 Paris, France. Staatl Nat Hist Sammlungen Dresden, Museum Tierkunde, D-01109 Dresden, Germany. RP Parham, JF (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Evolut Genom Dept, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM parham@socrates.berkeley.edu; bstuart@fieldmuseum.org; bour@mnhn.fr; jfparham@Jbl.gov NR 29 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 271 SU 6 BP S391 EP S394 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0217 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 884QJ UT WOS:000226100600003 PM 15801584 ER PT J AU Murphy, H Huang, CK Dash, Z Zyvoloski, G White, A AF Murphy, H Huang, CK Dash, Z Zyvoloski, G White, A TI Semianalytical solutions for fluid flow in rock joints with pressure-dependent openings SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE flow in rock joints; hydrodynamics; semianalytical solutions ID FRACTURE; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION; STRESS AB If fluid is injected into joints in rock masses, the pressure required might result in changes in the joint space between rock blocks that accommodate the fluid transport. At one extreme, very low injection rate and pressure, the joint space is unaffected, and the fluid pressure follows the usual law of linear diffusion. At the opposite extreme, very high injection rates, as used, for example, during hydraulic fracturing, the pressure is so high as to overcome the original Earth stress holding the rock blocks in contact. They "lift off,'' resulting in huge changes in joint space, and the flow equation then becomes so nonlinear that pressure pulses are no longer transmitted in a smooth, diffusive manner but more like a propagating shock wave. In between these extremes, at more modest pressure, the result is not liftoff, but nevertheless, the effective stress tending to close the joint space is reduced; this space dilates, and the effective permeability and storativity of the joint will increase. While the pressure wave will not propagate quite as sharply as it does for liftoff, nonlinearities greatly influence the results, exhibiting behavior far from that predicted by linear diffusion. C1 Petr Inst, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Engn Thermophys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murphy, H (reprint author), Petr Inst, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. EM hmurphy@pi.ac.ae; cunkui@ualberta.ca NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 7 PY 2004 VL 40 IS 12 AR W12506 DI 10.1029/2004WR003005 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 881PZ UT WOS:000225881300001 ER PT J AU Thranhardt, A Becker, S Schlichenmaier, C Kuznetsova, I Meier, T Koch, SW Hader, J Moloney, JV Chow, WW AF Thranhardt, A Becker, S Schlichenmaier, C Kuznetsova, I Meier, T Koch, SW Hader, J Moloney, JV Chow, WW TI Nonequilibrium gain in optically pumped GaInNAs laser structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; EMISSION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB A theory is presented which couples a dynamical laser model to a fully microscopic calculation of scattering effects. Calculations for two optically pumped GaInNAs laser structures show how this approach can be used to analyze nonequilibrium and dynamical laser properties over a wide range of system parameters. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Arizona, Ctr Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thranhardt, A (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM angela.thraenhardt@physik.uni-marburg.de RI Thranhardt, Angela/A-5888-2013 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 23 BP 5526 EP 5528 DI 10.1063/1.1831570 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AY UT WOS:000225620100010 ER PT J AU Gao, F Bylaska, EJ El-Azab, A Weber, WJ AF Gao, F Bylaska, EJ El-Azab, A Weber, WJ TI Wannier orbitals and bonding properties of interstitial and antisite defects in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NATIVE DEFECTS; GALLIUM; NITRIDE; DEVICES AB Intrinsic interstitial and antisite defects in GaN have been studied using density functional theory (DFT), and their configurations, electronic structures, and bonding properties have been characterized using the Wannier function. All N interstitial configurations eventually transform into N-N split interstitials, between which two pi orbitals exist. The relaxation of a Ga antisite defect also leads to the formation of a N-N split configuration; however, its local Wannier orbitals are remarkably different from the N-N split interstitial. The different local Wannier orbitals around Ga interstitial configurations demonstrate that Ga interstitials are critical defects in GaN. The most striking feature is that Ga-Ga<11 (2) over bar0> split interstitials can bridge the gap between nonbonded Ga atoms, thereby leading to a chain of four metallic-like-bonded Ga atoms along the <11 (2) over bar0> direction in GaN, which may exhibit quantum properties. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 23 BP 5565 EP 5567 DI 10.1063/1.1827932 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AY UT WOS:000225620100023 ER PT J AU Johnson, MC Lee, CJ Bourret-Courchesne, ED Konsek, SL Aloni, S Han, WQ Zettl, A AF Johnson, MC Lee, CJ Bourret-Courchesne, ED Konsek, SL Aloni, S Han, WQ Zettl, A TI Growth and morphology of 0.80 eV photoemitting indium nitride nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; INN FILMS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; HEXAGONAL INN; DIODES; MOVPE AB InN nanowires with high efficiency photoluminescence emission at 0.80 eV are reported. InN nanowires were synthesized via a vapor solid growth mechanism from high purity indium metal and ammonia. The products consist of only hexagonal wurtzite phase InN. Scanning electron microscopy showed wires with diameters of 50-100 nm and having fairly smooth morphologies. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed high quality, single crystal InN nanowires which grew in the <0001> direction. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bourret-Courchesne, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS2R0200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM edbourret@lbl.gov RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 25 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 23 BP 5670 EP 5672 DI 10.1063/1.1831563 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AY UT WOS:000225620100058 ER PT J AU Bouxsein, NF Hirst, LS Li, YL Safinya, CR Abu Samah, Z MacDonald, NC Pynn, R AF Bouxsein, NF Hirst, LS Li, YL Safinya, CR Abu Samah, Z MacDonald, NC Pynn, R TI Alignment of filamentous proteins and associated molecules through confinement in microchannels SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A technique has been developed to study the structure and interaction of aligned filamentous proteins by confining them in surface-treated silicon microchannels. The micron-size channels induce the semiflexible biopolymers with comparable or larger persistence lengths than the channel width to naturally align parallel to the channel in solution, which facilitates structural studies by x-ray diffraction and optical imaging techniques. As a model system, we investigated the cross-linking of filamentous actin (F-actin) with the bundling protein alpha-actinin in the microchannels. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction and fluorescence microscopy were used to confirm that F-actin, when bundled in the device, conforms to the alignment of the channel geometry. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Safinya, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM safinya@mrl.ucsb.edu RI Hirst, Linda/A-4862-2008; Abu Samah, Zuruzi/C-4673-2013; OI Hirst, Linda/0000-0002-8306-9366; Abu Samah, Zuruzi/0000-0002-0100-8472; Safinya, Cyrus/0000-0002-3295-7128 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 85 IS 23 BP 5775 EP 5777 DI 10.1063/1.1830682 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 878AY UT WOS:000225620100093 ER PT J AU Bontchev, RP Moore, RC AF Bontchev, RP Moore, RC TI Crystal structure of ammonium isosaccharate and aqueous solubility of ammonium and sodium isosaccharates SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; single crystal; isosaccharate; isosaccharinic acid; aqueous solubility ID ACID AB Ammonium isosaccharate, (C6H15NO6H2O)-H-. (NH4-ISA), has been synthesized and its crystal structure solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. NH4-ISA crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1) (#4) with cell parameters alpha = 8.6470(12)Angstrom, b = 5.0207(7)Angstrom, c = 9.8193(14)Angstrom, beta = 91.643(3)degrees, V = 426.12(10)Angstrom(3), Z = 2. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares on F-2 yielding final R-values (all data) R1 = 0.0485 and R(w)2 = 0.1104. The structure consists of alternating (NH4)(+) and (C6H11O6)(-) layers parallel to the ab plane. An extended network of O-(HO)-O-... intermolecular (ISA)(...)(ISA) hydrogen bonds links the (ISA)(-) anions within the ab plane, while the 3-D connectivity along the c-axis is provided only by (ISA(-))(...)(NH4+)(...)(ISA(-)) hydrogen bonds. The aqueous solubility (S-i, [ML-1]) of NH4- and Na-ISA has been shown to be pH 4 independent at ambient conditions within the range 4.5 < pH < 10 with SNH4-ISA = 4.035 and SNa-ISA = 1.731, respectively, which values are about two orders of magnitude higher than that of the Ca-ISA analogue. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Moore, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rcmoore@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 339 IS 17 BP 2811 EP 2816 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2004.09.018 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 875JT UT WOS:000225417100008 PM 15542090 ER PT J AU Lutz, J Hollmann, F Ho, TV Schnyder, A Fish, RH Schmid, A AF Lutz, J Hollmann, F Ho, TV Schnyder, A Fish, RH Schmid, A TI Bioorganometallic chemistry: biocatalytic oxidation reactions with biomimetic NAD(+)/NADH co-factors and [Cp*Rh(bpy)H](+) for selective organic synthesis SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Bioorganometallic Chemistry CY JUL 14-17, 2004 CL Zurich, SWITZERLAND DE biocatalysis; co-factor regeneration; chemoenzymatic reactions; monoxygenase enzymes; NAD(+)/NADH biomimics; organorhodium hydride; [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H)](+); epoxide polymer ID PSEUDOMONAS-AZELAICA HBP1; 2-HYDROXYBIPHENYL 3-MONOOXYGENASE; ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION; 1,4-NADH DERIVATIVES; REGENERATION; NICOTINAMIDE; REDUCTION; MONOOXYGENASE; PURIFICATION; CATALYSIS AB The biocatalytic, regioselective hydroxylation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl to the corresponding catechol was accomplished utilizing the monooxygenase 2-hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase (HbpA). The necessary natural 1,4-dihydronicotinamde adenine dinucleotide (NADH) co-factor for this biocatalytic process was replaced by a biornimetic co-factor, N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide, 1b. The interaction between the flavin (FAD) containing HbpA enzyme and the corresponding biornimetic NADH compound, N-benzyl1,4-dihdronicotinamide, 1b, for hydride transfer, was shown to readily occur. The in situ recycling of the reduced NADH biomimic 1b from la was accomplished with [Cp*Rh(bpy)H](Cl); however, productive coupling of this regeneration reaction to the enzymatic hydroxylation reaction was not totally successful, due to a deactivation process concerning the HbpA enzyme peripheral groups; i.e., -SH or NH2 possibly reacting with the precatalyst, [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]Cl)(2), and thus inhibiting the co-factor regeneration process. The deactivation mechanism was studied, and a promising strategy of derivatizing these peripheral -SH or -NH2 groups with a polymer containing epoxide was successful in circumventing the undesired interaction between HbpA and the precatalyst. This latter strategy allowed tandem co-factor regeneration using la or 2a, [Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]Cl)(2), and formate ion, in conjunction with the polymer bound, FAD containing HbpA enzyme to provide the catechol product. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biotechnol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Fish, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS-70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rhfish@lbl.gov; andreas.schmid@biotech.biol.ethz.ch RI Hollmann, Frank/A-1580-2009 OI Hollmann, Frank/0000-0003-4821-756X NR 31 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 689 IS 25 BP 4783 EP 4790 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.09.044 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 878TL UT WOS:000225669700017 ER PT J AU Huang, CS Jiang, J Li, TJ AF Huang, CS Jiang, J Li, TJ TI Supersymmetric SO(10) models inspired by deconstruction SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-SYMMETRY BREAKING; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; PROTON DECAY; GUT BREAKING; COUPLING UNIFICATION; DISCRETE SYMMETRY; ORBIFOLDS; BOSONS; HIGGS AB We consider 4-dimensional N = 1 supersymmetric SO(10) models inspired by deconstruction of 5-dimensional N = 1 supersymmetric orbifold SO(10) models and high-dimensional non-supersymmetric SO(10) models with Wilson line gauge symmetry breaking. We discuss the SO(10) x SO(10) models with bi-fundamental link fields where the gauge symmetry can be broken down to the Pati-Salam, SU(5) x U(1), flipped SU(5) x U(1)' or the Standard Model like gauge symmetry. We also propose an SO(10) x SO(6) x SO(4) model with bi-fundamental link fields where the gauge symmetry is broken down to the Pati-Salam gauge symmetry, and an SO(10) x SO(10) model with bi-spinor link fields where the gauge symmetry is broken down to the flipped SU(5) x U(10)' gauge symmetry. In these two models, the Pati-Salam and flipped SU(5) x U(1)' gauge symmetry can be further broken down to the Standard Model gauge symmetry, the doublet-triplet splittings can be obtained by the missing partner mechanism, and the proton decay problem can be solved. We also study the gauge coupling unification. We briefly comment on the interesting variation models with gauge groups SO(10) x SO(6) and SO(10) x flipped SU(5) x U(1)' in which the proton decay problem can be solved. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Theoret Phys, POB 2735, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM jiangj@hep.anl.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 702 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.09.023 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 873XB UT WOS:000225313700005 ER PT J AU Becker, M Dasgupta, K Knauf, A Tatar, R AF Becker, M Dasgupta, K Knauf, A Tatar, R TI Geometric transitions, flops and non-Kahler manifolds: I SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Review ID DIMENSIONAL STRING COMPACTIFICATIONS; COMPACT RIEMANNIAN 7-MANIFOLDS; LARGE N-DUALITY; MIRROR SYMMETRY; TOPOLOGICAL STRINGS; MATRIX MODELS; CALABI-YAU; T-DUALITY; HOLONOMY; CONIFOLDS AB We construct a duality cycle which provides a complete supergravity description of geometric transitions in type II theories via a flop in M-theory. This cycle connects the different supergravity descriptions before and after the geometric transitions. Our construction reproduces many of the known phenomena studied earlier in the literature and allows us to describe some new and interesting aspects in a simple and elegant fashion. A precise supergravity description of new torsional manifolds that appear on the type IIA side with branes and fluxes and the corresponding geometric transition are obtained. A local description of new G(2) manifolds that are circle fibrations over non-Kahler manifolds is presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Becker, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Coll Pk, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM melanieb@physics.umd.edu; keshav@itp.stanford.edu; anke@umd.edu; rtatar@scorates.berkeley.edu NR 112 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD DEC 6 PY 2004 VL 702 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.09.020 PG 62 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 873XB UT WOS:000225313700009 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B Weatherford, CA AF Ritchie, B Weatherford, CA TI Time-dependent non-wavepacket theory of electron scattering SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry CY MAY, 2004 CL Jackson, MS DE electron scattering; time-dependent; non-wavepacket ID SCHRODINGER-EQUATION AB A technique is given for solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for electron + potential scattering at low energies (k(2) less than or equal to 1.0 a.u.). This is accomplished by avoiding wavepackets, with the inevitable wavepacket spreading, and solving a time-integral form of the Schrodinger equation directly. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Weatherford, CA (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM weatherf@cennas.nhmfl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 5 PY 2004 VL 100 IS 5 BP 710 EP 712 DI 10.1002/qua.20234 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 875WT UT WOS:000225453600002 ER PT J AU Salter, EA Wierzbicki, A Land, T AF Salter, EA Wierzbicki, A Land, T TI Ab initio studies of stepped {100} surfaces of KDP crystals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry CY MAY, 2004 CL Jackson, MS DE KDP; stepped surfaces; cluster calculations; Hartree-Fock; CASTEP ID GROWTH; IMPURITIES; FACES AB Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4, KDP) crystals have important uses in laser components and are grown in large scale for that purpose. The need for habit control has led to interest in the step-pinning mechanisms that cause growth inhibition of the {100} face. Model systems representing five stepped KDP {100} surfaces are prepared and studied using ab initio quantum methods. Results of Hartree-Fock and density functional theory plane-wave calculations are presented, including estimated energies of ion and column removal for the steps. Steps terminated by phosphate ions are found to be less energetically favorable than their potassium-terminated counterparts. In addition, surface layer removal energies for the {100} face and the potassium-bounded and phosphate-bounded {101} faces are reported. The potassium-bounded {101} face is found to have a greater surface removal energy than the unexpressed phosphate-bounded {101} face. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wierzbicki, A (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Chem, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM awierzbi@jaguar1.usouthal.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD DEC 5 PY 2004 VL 100 IS 5 BP 740 EP 745 DI 10.1002/qua.20238 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 875WT UT WOS:000225453600006 ER PT J AU Luchansky, SJ Bertozzi, CR AF Luchansky, SJ Bertozzi, CR TI Azido sialic acids can modulate cell-surface interactions SO CHEMBIOCHEM LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; selectin; sialic acids; Siglec; Staudinger ligation ID SELECTIN-CARBOHYDRATE INTERACTIONS; MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN; LEWIS-X; STAUDINGER LIGATION; BINDING-SPECIFICITY; EXPRESSION CLONING; CHO-CELLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; SIALOADHESIN; RECEPTOR C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 884 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM58867] NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4227 J9 CHEMBIOCHEM JI Chembiochem PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1706 EP 1709 DI 10.1002/cbic.200400148 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 878UK UT WOS:000225672400013 PM 15568180 ER PT J AU Dgany, O Gonzalez, A Sofer, O Wang, WX Zolotnitsky, G Wolf, A Shoham, Y Altman, A Wolf, SG Shoseyov, O Almog, O AF Dgany, O Gonzalez, A Sofer, O Wang, WX Zolotnitsky, G Wolf, A Shoham, Y Altman, A Wolf, SG Shoseyov, O Almog, O TI The structural basis of the thermostability of SP1, a novel plant (Populus tremula) boiling stable protein SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; WATER-STRESS RESPONSE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFERENTIAL ACCUMULATION; FREEZING TOLERANCE; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; SOLUBLE SUGARS; REFINEMENT; ASPEN; DESICCATION AB We previously reported on a new boiling stable protein isolated from aspen plants ( Populus tremula), which we named SP1. SP1 is a stress-related protein with no significant sequence homology to other stress-related proteins. It is a 108-amino-acid hydrophilic polypeptide with a molecular mass of 12.4 kDa (Wang, W. X., Pelah, D., Alergand, T., Shoseyov, O., and Altman, A. ( 2002) Plant Physiol. 130, 865 - 875) and is found in an oligomeric form. Preliminary electron microscopy studies and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry experiments showed that SP1 is a dodecamer composed of two stacking hexamers. We performed a SDS-PAGE analysis, a differential scanning calorimetric study, and crystal structure determination to further characterize SP1. SDS-PAGE indicated a spontaneous assembly of SP1 to one stable oligomeric form, a dodecamer. Differential scanning calorimetric showed that SP1 has high thermostability i.e. T(m) of 107 degreesC (at pH 7.8). The crystal structure of SP1 was initially determined to 2.4 Angstrom resolution by multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion method from a crystal belonging to the space group I422. The phases were extended to 1.8 Angstrom resolution using data from a different crystal form (P21). The final refined molecule includes 106 of the 108 residues and 132 water molecules ( on average for each chain). The R-free is 20.1%. The crystal structure indicated that the SP1 molecule has a ferredoxin-like fold. Strong interactions between each two molecules create a stable dimer. Six dimers associate to form a ring-like-shaped dodecamer strongly resembling the particle visualized in the electron microscopy studies. No structural similarity was found between the crystal structure of SP1 and the crystal structure of other stress-related proteins such as small heat shock proteins, whose structure has been already determined. This structural study further supports our previous report that SP1 may represent a new family of stress-related proteins with high thermostability and oligomerization. C1 Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Food Engn & Biotechnol, Inst Catalysis Sci & Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Fulcrum SP Ltd, IL-46104 Herzliyya, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Elect Microscopy Unit, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Almog, O (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM almogo@bgu.ac.il NR 33 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 279 IS 49 BP 51516 EP 51523 DI 10.1074/jbc.M409952200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 874MZ UT WOS:000225355800105 PM 15371455 ER PT J AU Gotmar, G Asnin, L Guiochon, G AF Gotmar, G Asnin, L Guiochon, G TI Adsorption of the enantiomers of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol on silica-bonded chiral quinidine-carbamate SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE chiral stationary phase; quinidine carbamate; enantiomer separation; 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)-ethanol ID EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION METHOD; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-TRANSFER KINETICS; BAND PROFILES; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; CELLULASE PROTEIN; STATIONARY-PHASE; MOBILE-PHASE; HETEROGENEOUS ADSORPTION; PROPRANOLOL ENANTIOMERS AB The adsorption isotherms of the enantiomers of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)-ethanol from a toluene-acetonitrile solution onto a Chit-is Chiral AX:QD1 column were measured using the pulse method. The isotherm data were modeled with a bi-Langmuir isotherm model, indicating the presence of two different types of adsorption sites on this stationary phase, nonselective and enantioselective sites. The latter are homogeneous but interact with both enantiomers, albeit with different energies. The thermodynamic characteristics of these two types of sites were characterized by their adsorption constants and saturation capacities and by the influence of the temperature on these different parameters. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu OI Asnin, Leonid/0000-0001-6309-6140 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 1059 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.025 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 875HY UT WOS:000225412200006 PM 15628123 ER PT J AU Ponton, LM Porter, MD AF Ponton, LM Porter, MD TI Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatographic separations of inorganic anions SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography; ion exchange chromatography; inorganic anions; porous graphitic carbon ID POROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON; ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY-PHASE; RETENTION MODELS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; SELECTIVITY; COLUMN; OPTIMIZATION; ELUENTS; TEMPERATURE AB Inorganic anion retention on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) stationary phase is investigated by electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography (EMLC). Through various combinations of the potential applied (E-app) to the PGC packing and/or changes in the composition (sodium salts of tetrafluoroborate, sulfate, and fluoride) and concentration (10, 25, and 50mM) of an aqueous mobile phase, conditions for the separation of two different inorganic anion mixtures (iodate, bromide, nitrite, and nitrate or iodate, bromate, and chlorate) are developed. Results show that retention was affected by both variables, with the analyte retention factor, k', changing in a few cases by as much as a factor of ca. six. Moreover. plots of In k' are linearly dependent on both E PP and In [SE], where [SE] is the supporting electrolyte concentration. Based on these findings. insights into the retention mechanism are briefly discussed by drawing on the theory for ion exchange chromatography. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, US DOE,Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, US DOE,Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES12020, P01 ES012020-03] NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 1059 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.004 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 875HY UT WOS:000225412200013 PM 15628130 ER PT J AU Agashe, K Servant, G AF Agashe, K Servant, G TI Warped unification, proton stability, and dark matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXTRA DIMENSION AB We show that solving the problem of baryon-number violation in nonsupersymmetric grand unified theories (GUT's) in warped higher-dimensional spacetime can lead to a stable Kaluza-Klein particle. This exotic particle has gauge quantum numbers of a right-handed neutrino, but carries fractional baryon number and is related to the top quark within the higher-dimensional GUT. A combination of baryon number and SU(3) color ensures its stability. Its relic density can easily be of the right value for masses in the 10 GeV-few TeV range. An exciting aspect of these models is that the entire parameter space will be tested at near future dark matter direct detection experiments. Other exotic GUT partners of the top quark are also light and can be produced at high energy colliders with distinctive signatures. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 21 TC 137 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 231805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.231805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000019 PM 15601146 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Charles, MJ Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pioppi, M Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Coleman, JP Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Lodovico, FD Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Buono, LD Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Nardo, GD Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Band, HR Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Vetere, ML Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Charles, MJ Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pioppi, M Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Coleman, JP Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Lodovico, FD Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Buono, LD Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Tehrani, FS Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T Groot, ND Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Nardo, GD Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Ricca, GD Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Band, HR Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Greene, MG Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of the B-0 -> phi K-*0 decay amplitudes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS; POLARIZATION; B->VV AB With a sample of about 227x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs recorded with the BABAR detector we perform a full angular analysis of the decay B-0-->phiK(*0)(892). We make novel measurements of five parameters sensitive to CP violation. We also measure the branching fraction to be (9.2+/-0.9+/-0.5)x10(-6) and determine the fractions of longitudinal and parity-odd transverse contributions as f(L)=0.52+/-0.05+/-0.02 and f(perpendicular to)=0.22+/-0.05+/-0.02. The phases of the parity-even and parity-odd transverse amplitudes relative to the longitudinal amplitude are found to be phi(parallel to)=2.34(-0.20)(+0.23)+/-0.05 rad and phi(perpendicular to)=2.47+/-0.25+/-0.05 rad. We also observe the decay B-0-->phiK(*0)(1430). C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012 OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163 NR 21 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 231804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.231804 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000018 PM 15323901 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Safai Tehrani, F Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Gaillard, JM Hicheur, A Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Palano, A Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Borgland, AW Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G LeClerc, C Lynch, G Merchant, AM Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Shelkov, VG Wenzel, WA Ford, K Harrison, TJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Steinke, M Boyd, JT Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Latham, TE Wilson, FF Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Thiessen, D Khan, A Kyberd, P Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Ivanchenko, VN Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Gary, JW Shen, BC Wang, K del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Dahmes, B Levy, SL Long, O Lu, A Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Heusch, CA Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schmitz, RE Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Yang, S Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Abe, T Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Smith, JG Zhang, J Zhang, L Chen, A Harton, JL Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, QL Altenburg, D Brandt, T Brose, J Colberg, T Dickopp, M Feltresi, E Hauke, A Lacker, HM Maly, E Muller-Pfefferkorn, R Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Spaan, B Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Brochard, F Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Lavin, D Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Sarti, A Treadwell, E Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Crosetti, G Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Morii, M Won, E Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Taylor, GP Grenier, GJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Lamsa, J Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Yi, J Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Laplace, S Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Schune, MH Tantot, L Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Coleman, JP Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Sloane, RJ Touramanis, C Back, JJ Cormack, CM Harrison, PF Mohanty, GB Brown, CL Cowan, G Flack, RL Flaecher, HU Green, MG Marker, CE McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Vaitsas, G Winter, MA Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hart, PA Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Lyon, AJ Williams, JC Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Flood, KT Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Sciolla, G Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Mangeol, DJJ Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Gabriel, TA Allmendinger, T Brau, B Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Torrence, E Colecchia, F Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Tiozzo, G Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P de la Vaissiere, C Del Buono, L Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Ocariz, J Pivk, M Roos, L T'Jampens, S Therin, G Manfredi, PF Re, V Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Anulli, F Biasini, M Peruzzi, IM Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bondioli, M Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Del Gamba, V Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Martinez-Vidal, F Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Sandrelli, F Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Paick, K Wagoner, DE Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Miftakov, V Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Pierini, M Piredda, G Safai Tehrani, F Voena, C Christ, S Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Geddes, NI Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, PF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Langer, M Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Schott, G Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Yumiceva, FX Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Convery, MR Cristinziani, M De Nardo, G Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Elsen, EE Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Petrak, S Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Simi, G Snyder, A Soha, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Va'vra, J Wagner, SR Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Meyer, TI Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Saleem, M Wappler, FR Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Kim, H Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Borean, C Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Poropat, P Vitale, L Vuagnin, G Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Brown, CM Fortin, D Jackson, PD Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Band, HR Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Di Lodovico, F Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Prepost, R Rubin, AE Sekula, SJ Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, J Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Study of the decay B-0((B)over-bar(0))->rho(+)rho(-), and constraints on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-maskawa angle alpha SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY-PHYSICS; CP-ASYMMETRIES AB Using a data sample of 89x10(6) Y(4S)-->B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric B Factory at SLAC, we measure the B-0((B) over bar (0))-->rho(+)rho(-) branching fraction as [30+/-4(stat)+/-5(syst)]x10(-6) and a longitudinal polarization fraction of f(L)=0.99+/-0.03(stat)(-0.03)(+0.04)(syst). We measure the time-dependent-asymmetry parameters of the longitudinally polarized component of this decay as C-L=-0.17+/-0.27(stat)+/-0.14(syst) and S-L=-0.42+/-0.42(stat)+/-0.14(syst). We exclude values of alpha between 19degrees and 71degrees (90% C.L.). C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl HE, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettron, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012 OI Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 231801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.231801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000015 ER PT J AU Gilson, EP Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majeski, R AF Gilson, EP Davidson, RC Efthimion, PC Majeski, R TI Paul trap simulator experiment to model intense-beam propagation in alternating-gradient transport systems (vol 92, art no 155002, 2004) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Gilson, EP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 239902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.239902 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000092 ER PT J AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ TI Precise determination of |V-us| from lattice calculations of pseudoscalar decay constants SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; O(ALPHA) CORRECTIONS; UNIVERSALITY; PHYSICS; MUON AB Combining the ratio of experimental kaon and pion decay widths, Gamma(K-->mu(nu) over bar (mu)(gamma))/Gamma(pi-->mu(nu) over bar (mu)(gamma)), with a recent lattice gauge theory calculation of f(K)/f(pi) provides a precise value for the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix element |V-us|=0.2219(25) or if three generation unitarity is assumed |V-us|=0.222 1(24). Comparison with other determinations of that fundamental parameter, implications, and an outlook for future improvements are given. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 38 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 231803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.231803 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000017 PM 15601144 ER PT J AU Paschek, D Garcia, AE AF Paschek, D Garcia, AE TI Reversible temperature and pressure denaturation of a protein fragment: A replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BETA-HAIRPIN; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; FOLDING SIMULATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVENT; PEPTIDE AB We determine the reversible folding-unfolding of the C-terminal (41-56) fragment of protein G as a function of density and temperature using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. We employ a total of 253 replicas, covering the temperature range between 320 and 515 K and the density range between 0.96 and 1.16 g cm(-3). Using the root mean square deviation from the folded structure as a quantitative measure, we are able to obtain the fraction of folded states, and can thus establish the free energy difference between the folded and the unfolded states of the protein fragment as a function of temperature and pressure. For the pressure denaturation the weakening of the hydrophobic interaction between the bulky side chains is found to be crucial at lower temperatures, leading to an apparent destabilization of the folded backbone structure at elevated pressures. C1 Univ Dortmund, Dept Phys Chem, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paschek, D (reprint author), Univ Dortmund, Dept Phys Chem, Otto Hahn Str 6, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RI Paschek, Dietmar/D-2949-2009 NR 27 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 238105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.238105 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000083 PM 15601210 ER PT J AU Sun, X Scime, E Miah, M Cohen, S Skiff, F AF Sun, X Scime, E Miah, M Cohen, S Skiff, F TI Measurement of asymmetric optical pumping of ions accelerating in a magnetic-field gradient SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ARGON IONS; PLASMAS AB We report observations of asymmetric optical pumping of argon ions accelerating in a magnetic-field gradient. The signature is a difference in the laser-induced-fluorescence emission amplitude from a pair of Zeeman-split states. A model that reproduces the dependence of the asymmetry on magnetic-field and ion-velocity gradients is described. With the model, the fluorescence intensity ratio provides a new method of measuring ion collisionality. This phenomenon has implications for interpreting stellar plasma spectroscopy data which often exhibit unequal Zeeman state intensities. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 235002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.235002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000039 ER PT J AU Tang, H Pecharsky, VK Samolyuk, GD Zou, M Gschneidner, KA Antropov, VP Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA AF Tang, H Pecharsky, VK Samolyuk, GD Zou, M Gschneidner, KA Antropov, VP Schlagel, DL Lograsso, TA TI Anisotropy of the magnetoresistance in Gd5Si2Ge2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; TRANSITION; GD-5(SI2GE2); GD-5(SIXGE1-X)(4); BEHAVIOR; CRYSTAL; SYSTEM AB The observed magnetoresistance of single crystalline Gd5Si2Ge2 is negative and strongly anisotropic. The absolute values measured along the [100] and [010] directions exceed those parallel to the [001] direction by more than 60%. First principles calculations demonstrate that a structural modification is responsible for the anisotropy of the magnetoresistance, and that the latter is due to a significant reduction of electronic velocity in the [100] direction and the anisotropy of electrical conductivity. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Condensed Matter Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vitkp@ameslab.gov NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 237203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.237203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000070 PM 15601197 ER PT J AU Ukai, M Ajimura, S Akikawa, H Alburger, DE Banu, A Chrien, RE Franklin, GB Franz, J Hashimoto, O Hayakawa, T Hotchi, H Imai, K Kishimoto, T May, M Millener, DJ Minami, S Miura, Y Miyoshi, T Mizunuma, K Nagae, T Nakamura, SN Nakazawa, K Okayasu, Y Pile, P Quinn, BP Rusek, A Sato, Y Sutter, R Takahashi, H Tang, L Tamura, H Tanida, K Yuan, L Zhou, SH AF Ukai, M Ajimura, S Akikawa, H Alburger, DE Banu, A Chrien, RE Franklin, GB Franz, J Hashimoto, O Hayakawa, T Hotchi, H Imai, K Kishimoto, T May, M Millener, DJ Minami, S Miura, Y Miyoshi, T Mizunuma, K Nagae, T Nakamura, SN Nakazawa, K Okayasu, Y Pile, P Quinn, BP Rusek, A Sato, Y Sutter, R Takahashi, H Tang, L Tamura, H Tanida, K Yuan, L Zhou, SH CA E930 01 Collaboration TI Hypernuclear fine structure in O-16(Lambda) and the Lambda N tensor interaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHELL HYPERNUCLEI; LI-7(LAMBDA); NUCLEI AB We have observed two gamma-ray transitions in O-16(Lambda) from the 6.6 MeV excited 1(2)(-) state to both ground-state spin-doublet members (1(1)(-),0(-)) by the (K-,pi(-)gamma) reaction. We have obtained the ground-state doublet spacing to be 26.4+/-1.6(stat)+/-0.5(syst) keV and the excitation energy of the 1(2)(-) state to be 6561.7+/-1.1(stat)+/-1.7(syst) keV. The ground-state doublet spacing provides a small but nonzero strength of the tensor interaction between a Lambda and a nucleon. This is the first experimental result on the LambdaN tensor interaction. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu 5011193, Japan. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. China Inst Atom Energy, Dept Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RI Franklin, Gregg/N-7743-2014; Quinn, Brian/N-7343-2014 OI Franklin, Gregg/0000-0003-4176-1378; Quinn, Brian/0000-0003-2800-986X NR 20 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 232501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.232501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000023 PM 15601150 ER PT J AU Wang, NL Zheng, P Wu, D Ma, YC Xiang, T Jin, RY Mandrus, D AF Wang, NL Zheng, P Wu, D Ma, YC Xiang, T Jin, RY Mandrus, D TI Infrared probe of the electronic structure and charge dynamics of Na0.7CoO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NACO2O4; TRANSPORT; CRO2 AB We present measurements of the optical spectra on Na0.7CoO2 single crystals. The optical conductivity shows two broad interband transition peaks at 1.6 eV and 3.1 eV, and a weak midinfrared peak at 0.4 eV. The intraband response of conducting carriers is different from that of a simple Drude metal. A peak at low but finite frequency is observed, which shifts to higher frequencies with increasing temperature, even though the dc resistivity is metallic. The origin of the interband transitions and the low-frequency charge dynamics have been discussed and compared with other experiments. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Interdisciplinary Ctr Theoret Studies, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014 NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 237007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.237007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000067 ER PT J AU Zhang, PH Luo, WD Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Zhang, PH Luo, WD Cohen, ML Louie, SG TI Fermi surface of NaxCoO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB Doping evolution of the Fermi surface topology of NaxCoO2 is studied systematically. Both local density approximation (LDA) and local spin density approximation (LSDA) predict a large Fermi surface as well as small hole pockets for doping levels xsimilar to0.5. In contrast, the hole pockets are completely absent for all doping levels within LSDA+U. More importantly, we find no violation of Luttinger's rule in this system. The measured Fermi surface of Na0.7CoO2 can be explained by its half-metallic behavior and agrees with our LSDA+U calculations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zhang, Peihong/D-2787-2012; Luo, Weidong/A-8418-2009 OI Luo, Weidong/0000-0003-3829-1547 NR 22 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 93 IS 23 AR 236402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.236402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 876OY UT WOS:000225508000054 PM 15601181 ER PT J AU Bucksbaum, PH AF Bucksbaum, PH TI X-ray movies of wiggling crystals SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIFFRACTION; LASER C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bucksbaum, PH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM phb@umich.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5702 BP 1691 EP 1692 DI 10.1126/science.1106755 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 878FA UT WOS:000225630800029 PM 15576597 ER PT J AU Ziegler, A Idrobo, JC Cinibulk, MK Kisielowski, C Browning, ND Ritchie, RO AF Ziegler, A Idrobo, JC Cinibulk, MK Kisielowski, C Browning, ND Ritchie, RO TI Interface structure and atomic bonding characteristics in silicon nitride ceramics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERGRANULAR FILM THICKNESS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; BETA-SIALONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BETA-SI3N4; FRACTURE; STRENGTH; SI3N4 AB Direct atomic resolution images have been obtained that illustrate how a range of rare-earth atoms bond to the interface between the intergranular phase and the matrix grains in an advanced silicon nitride ceramic. It has been found that each rare-earth atom bonds to the interface at a different location, depending on atom size, electronic configuration, and the presence of oxygen at the interface. This is the key factor to understanding the origin of the mechanical properties in these ceramics and will enable precise tailoring in the future to critically improve the materials' performance in wide-ranging applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ziegler, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aziegler@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015; OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 26 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 7 U2 64 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 3 PY 2004 VL 306 IS 5702 BP 1768 EP 1770 DI 10.1126/science.1104173 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 878FA UT WOS:000225630800050 PM 15576617 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, C Simon-Manso, Y Batteas, J Marquez, M Ratner, M Mujica, V AF Gonzalez, C Simon-Manso, Y Batteas, J Marquez, M Ratner, M Mujica, V TI A quasimolecular approach to the conductance of molecule-metal junctions: Theory and application to voltage-induced conductance switching SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; WIRES; GOLD; FORMALISM; DENSITY; PROFILE AB We present a simple methodology to study trends in conductance of molecule-metal junctions based on Density Functional Theory calculations of modified quasimolecular Green functions in a capacitor-like electric field. The approach is based on a series of assumptions about the voltage spatial profile and the molecule-surface chemisorptive coupling in metal-molecule interfaces that seem to be validated for a number of junctions. The method assumes that the voltage drops entirely at the interfaces and that the junction conductance can be approximately factorized as a product of contact and molecular contributions. The value of such severely approximate methodology rests on the fact that it is very simple to use, computationally efficient, and its results can be analyzed in terms of familiar chemical concepts such as molecular orbitals and dipole moments. We have applied this procedure to the study of a series of pi-conjugated oligomers of current interest for device fabrication. Our results correlate well with some recent experimental results, both reported in the literature and presented in this work, that show that for some molecular bridges there is a threshold voltage where there occurs a switching-like effect. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gonzalez, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov; vmujica@ciens.ucv.ve RI Batteas, James/D-4144-2015 OI Batteas, James/0000-0002-6244-5000 NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 48 BP 18414 EP 18420 DI 10.1021/jp0491663 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 875JU UT WOS:000225417200005 ER PT J AU Drake, IJ Fujdala, KL Baxamusa, S Bell, AT Tilley, TD AF Drake, IJ Fujdala, KL Baxamusa, S Bell, AT Tilley, TD TI Effects of precursor composition on the local structure of Cu dispersed on mesoporous silica: A detailed X-ray absorption spectroscopy study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID METHANOL SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS; FINE-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR PRECURSOR; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SINGLE-SITE; PALLADIUM PARTICLES; TITANIUM SILICATES; SORPTION COMPLEXES; DIMETHYL CARBONATE AB A low-temperature grafting approach using two Cu-1 molecular precursors ([CuOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](4) and [(CuOBU)-B-t](4)) and a high-temperature exchange reaction using CuCl were utilized with a mesoporous silica support (SBA-15) to investigate the effects of catalyst preparation on the nature of copper-support interactions and site speciation. Detailed X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure studies (EXAFS) studies were performed to characterize the nature of the Cu sites and the Cu-support interactions. The freshly prepared materials from the nonaqueous grafting of [CuOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](4) (CuOSi/ SBA (x.x), where x.x refers to the Cu weight %) exhibit Cu-1 site isolation (by EXAFS and XANES). In contrast, EXAFS and XANES studies of the freshly prepared materials from the nonaqueous grafting of [(CuOBu)-Bu-t](4) ((CuOBu)-Bu-t/SBA (x.x)) suggest that the Cu-O-Cu linkages of the molecular precursor remain intact upon interacting with the support. Isolated Cu-1 sites are observed as the major species in the freshly prepared material from the high-temperature exchange reaction using CuCl (CuCl/SBA (3.0)) (by XANES and EXAFS). Treatment of the materials under He at 573 K leads to loss of the organic species from the grafted materials (by H-1 NMR spectroscopy, themogravimetric analysis, EA, and IR spectroscopy). EXAFS and XANES studies revealed that CuCl/SBA (3.0) and the CuOSi/SBA (x.x) materials still exhibit up to 95% isolated Cu-1 sites, whereas the CuO'Bu/SBA (x.x) materials only exhibit Cu as Cu-0 nanoparticles of ca. 7 Angstrom in diameter. After calcination under O-2 at 573 K, residual chloride from the high-temperature preparation of CuCl/SBA (3.0) leads to formation of crystalline CuO particles, whereas the CuOSi/SBA (x.x) and (CuOBu)-Bu-t/SBA (x.x) materials exhibit more amorphous CuO character after an identical oxidative treatment. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bell@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Baxamusa, Salmaan/D-2167-2013; OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 107 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 48 BP 18421 EP 18434 DI 10.1021/jp040255p PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 875JU UT WOS:000225417200006 ER PT J AU Barnard, AS Zapol, P AF Barnard, AS Zapol, P TI Predicting the energetics, phase stability, and morphology evolution of faceted and spherical anatase nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TO-RUTILE; PARTICLE-SIZE; TRANSFORMATION KINETICS; TIO2 POLYMORPHS; TITANIA; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSITION; DEPENDENCE; SURFACES; INSIGHTS AB Inconsistencies in experimental themiochemical analysis of the anatase to rutile phase transition have led to various studies in order to elucidate the physical and chemical parameters affecting the stability of TiO2 at the nanoscale. Using a thermodynamic model, we present predictions of the transition enthalpy of nanocrystalline anatase and rutile as a function of shape, size, and degree of surface passivation, showing that thermochemical results can differ for various faceted or spherical nanoparticles. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barnard, AS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amanda.barnard@anl.gov RI Barnard, Amanda/A-7340-2011; Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Barnard, Amanda/0000-0002-4784-2382; Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 53 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 48 BP 18435 EP 18440 DI 10.1021/jp0472459 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 875JU UT WOS:000225417200007 ER PT J AU Weigle, JC Luhrs, CC Chen, CK Perry, WL Mang, JT Nemer, MB Lopez, GP Phillips, J AF Weigle, JC Luhrs, CC Chen, CK Perry, WL Mang, JT Nemer, MB Lopez, GP Phillips, J TI Generation of aluminum nanoparticles using an atmospheric pressure plasma torch SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CHARGE FLUCTUATIONS; SOLIDIFICATION; COAGULATION; REACTOR; GROWTH; IRON; GAS; CONDENSATION; OXIDATION AB Nanoparticles of aluminum metal were generated by passing an aerosol of rnicrometer-scale (mean 50 mum) particles in argon through an atmospheric pressure plasma torch operated at less than 1000 W. A designed experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of plasma gas flow rate, aerosol gas flow rate, and applied power on the shape, size, and size distribution of the final particles. The size and shape of the metal particles were dramatically impacted by the operating parameters employed. At relatively low powers or at high powers and short residence times, virtually all the particles are spherical. Under other conditions, the particles had spherical heads, and virtually all had tails, some quite long. The particle size distributions also were influenced by the operating conditions. Under most conditions the size distributions were log-normal, consistent with growth by agglomeration. However, under some conditions, the population of particles above or below the mode was far too great to be consistent with a log-normal distribution. For example, the particle distributions tend to show an unusual concentration of very small particles at relatively short residence times and low aluminum feed rates. The distributions tend to show an unusual concentration of large particles at relatively long residence times and high aluminum feed rates. On the basis of the data collected, some simple models of the mechanism of nanoparticle formation were postulated which should be of value in future studies of the process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Guadalajara, Dept Chem, Guadalajara 44480, Jalisco, Mexico. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jphillips@lanl.gov RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 48 BP 18601 EP 18607 DI 10.1021/jp049410q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 875JU UT WOS:000225417200030 ER PT J AU Wehner, S Paffett, MT Zaera, F AF Wehner, S Paffett, MT Zaera, F TI Molecular beam studies of the kinetics of the thermal conversion of N2O on Rh(111) single-crystal surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RHODIUM SURFACES; CATALYTIC-REDUCTION; NITROUS-OXIDE; NO-CO; MECHANISTIC IMPORTANCE; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; PT(111) SURFACES; REACTION SYSTEM; SOLID-SURFACES; REACTION-RATES AB The thermal conversion of N2O on Rh(111) single-crystal surfaces has been studied using a collimated effusive molecular beam technique coupled with mass spectroscopy detection. The decomposition of pure N2O was determined to occur at temperatures as low as 120 K, to follow first-order kinetics, and to lead to the stoichiometric production of N-2(g) and atomic adsorbed oxygen. Lower rates and total yields are observed with increasing reaction temperatures, presumably because of the increased importance of N2O desorption and surface mobility in the overall kinetics. N2O conversion is poisoned by the adsorbed oxygen byproduct unless a reducing agent such as CO is used for their removal from the surface, in which case N2O reduction can be carried out catalytically. Steady-state reaction rates were determined for different temperatures and N2O:CO beam mixtures, and were deemed controlled by the rate of oxygen removal, not by the decomposition of the N2O. The role of adsorbed N2O as an intermediate during NO reduction is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zaera, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Zaera, Francisco/J-8720-2013 NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 108 IS 48 BP 18683 EP 18692 DI 10.1021/jp047542d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 875JU UT WOS:000225417200041 ER PT J AU Kadhim, MA Moore, SR Goodwin, EH AF Kadhim, MA Moore, SR Goodwin, EH TI Interrelationships amongst radiation-induced genomic instability, bystander effects, and the adaptive response SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Review DE genomic instability; bystander effects; adaptive response; ionizing radiation ID INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; INFLAMMATORY-TYPE RESPONSES; ALPHA-PARTICLE IRRADIATION; LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL-LINES; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; BONE-MARROW CELLS; VERY-LOW FLUENCES; IONIZING-RADIATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VIVO AB Over the past two decades, our understanding of radiation biology has undergone a fundamental shift in paradigms away from deterministic "hit-effect" relationships and towards complex ongoing "cellular responses". These responses include now familiar, but still poorly understood, phenomena associated with radiation exposure such as bystander effects, genomic instability, and adaptive responses. All three have been observed at very low doses, and at time points far removed from the initial radiation exposure, and are extremely relevant for linear extrapolation to low doses; the adaptive response is particularly relevant when exposure is spread over a period of time. These are precisely the circumstances that are most relevant to understanding cancer risk associated with environmental and occupational radiation exposures. This review will provide a synthesis of the known, and proposed, interrelationships amongst low-dose cellular responses to radiation. It also will examine the potential importance of non-targeted cellular responses to ionizing radiation in setting acceptable exposure limits especially to low-LET radiations. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MRC, Radiat & Genome Stabil Unit, Didcot OX11 ORD, Oxon, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kadhim, MA (reprint author), MRC, Radiat & Genome Stabil Unit, Didcot OX11 ORD, Oxon, England. EM m.kadhim@har.mrc.ac.uk NR 91 TC 93 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 568 IS 1 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.043 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 873VO UT WOS:000225309600004 PM 15530536 ER PT J AU Gillett, NP Santer, BD Weaver, AJ AF Gillett, NP Santer, BD Weaver, AJ TI Stratospheric cooling and the troposphere SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gillett, NP (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM gillett@uvic.ca RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011; Weaver, Andrew/E-7590-2011 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 432 IS 7017 DI 10.1038/nature03209 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 875PL UT WOS:000225433200033 ER PT J AU Deng, W Tsao, SW Guan, XY Lucas, JN Si, HX Leung, CS Mak, P Wang, LD Cheung, ALM AF Deng, W Tsao, SW Guan, XY Lucas, JN Si, HX Leung, CS Mak, P Wang, LD Cheung, ALM TI Distinct profiles of critically short telomeres are a key determinant of different chromosome aberrations in immortalized human cells: whole-genome evidence from multiple cell lines SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE telomeres; aberrations; genome; immortalization; human ID SURFACE EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; G-STRAND OVERHANG; TO-END FUSIONS; MAMMALIAN TELOMERES; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; LENGTH; CANCER; SENESCENCE; CARCINOMA AB Chromosomal aberrations are common in cancers. However, the search for chromosomal aberrations leading to development of specific solid tumors has been severely hindered because the majority of solid tumors have complex chromosomal aberrations that differ within the same tumor types. A similar phenomenon exists in immortalized cell tines. The underlying mechanisms driving these diverse aberrations are largely unknown. Telomeres play crucial roles in protecting the integrity of eucaryotic chromosomes and maintaining genomic stability of human cells. Telomere lengths on individual chromosomes in normal human somatic cells are heterogeneous and undergo progressive shortening with aging process. In this study, for the first time, a molecular cytogenetic method using sequential telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral karyotyping on the same human metaphases was applied successfully to examine the dynamic profiles of individual telomere shortening and their relationship to chromosome aberrations in multiple human cell lines undergoing immortalization. Human ovarian surface epithelial cells and esophageal epithetial cells were immortalized by the expression of HPV16 E6 and E7, which drive cells to proliferate by inactivating p53 and Rb genes. In these cell lines, we consistently detected large-scale differences in telomere signal intensities not only among nonhomologous chromosome arms but also between some homologous chromosome arms. The cell lines derived from different donors had different profiles of critically short telomeres (lacking telomere signals). Strikingly, the different profiles of chromosomal structural aberrations in multiple immortalized cell lines were highly significantly associated with the distinct distributions of critically short telomeres in whole-genome. Since cellular immortalization is one of the hallmarks of cancer, our findings suggest that distinct profiles of critically short telomeres in different human individuals might play an essential role in determining the complex and individual-specific chromosomal structural aberrations in human solid tumors. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Anat, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Clin Oncol, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Henan Med Univ, Ctr Med Expt, Canc Res Lab, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Peoples R China. RP Cheung, ALM (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Dept Anat, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM lmcheung@hkucc.hku.hk RI Cheung, Annie/C-4230-2009; Tsao, George/C-4422-2009; Guan, Xin-Yuan/A-3639-2009; Deng, Wen/C-4154-2009; OI Guan, Xin-Yuan/0000-0002-4485-6017; /0000-0003-3217-1456 NR 52 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 56 BP 9090 EP 9101 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1208119 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 876JN UT WOS:000225492800010 PM 15489894 ER PT J AU Govindaswamy, P Mozharivskyj, YA Kollipara, MR AF Govindaswamy, P Mozharivskyj, YA Kollipara, MR TI New neutral and cationic eta(6)-arene ruthenium complexes with phosphine and amine ligands: syntheses and molecular structures of [(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(NH2CH2C6H5)Cl-2], [(eta(6)-C6Me6)Ru(PPh2Py)Cl-2] and [(eta(6)-C6Me6)Ru(PPh2Py)Cl](+) SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE hexamethylbenzene; p-cymene; diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine; amines; ruthenium complexes ID ARENE COMPLEXES; X-RAY; CRYSTAL; 2-(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PYRIDINE; DIPHENYL(2-PYRIDYL)PHOSPHINE; DIPHENYL-2-PYRIDYLPHOSPHINE; REACTIVITY; CANCER AB The complex [{(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(mu-Cl)Cl}(2)] (1) reacts with benzylamine to give a neutral N-coordinated complex of the type [(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(NH2CH2C6H5)Cl-2] (2). The complex [(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(PPh3)Cl-2] (3) reacts with amine ligands to yield chiral complexes [(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(PPh3)(NH2-R)Cl](+) [R = CH2C6H5 (4a), p-ClC6H4 (4b), p-NO2C6H4 (4c)]. Complexes 1 and 3 react with N,N-donor chelating 1,2-phenylenediamine (PDA) giving cationic complexes 5 and 6, respectively. The complex [(eta(6)-C6Me6)Ru(mu-Cl)Cl](2) (7) reacts with diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine to yield a neutral P-coordinated ruthenium(II) complex [(eta(6)-C6Me6)Ru(PPh2Py)Cl-2] (8) as well as a cationic P,N-chelating complex [(eta(6)-C6Me6)Ru(PPh2Py)Cl](+) (9). The complex 9 undergoes substitution reactions with acetonitrile and 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol ligands. These complexes were characterized by FT-IR and FT-NMR spectroscopy as well as by analytical data. The molecular structures of the representative complexes [(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(NH2CH2C6H5)Cl-2] (2), [(eta(6)-C6Me6)Ru(PPh2Py)Cl-2] (8) and [(eta(6)-C6Me6)Ru(PPh2Py)Cl]BF4 (9) were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NE Hill Univ, Dept Chem, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kollipara, MR (reprint author), NE Hill Univ, Dept Chem, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India. EM mrkollipara@yahoo.com NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD DEC 2 PY 2004 VL 23 IS 18 BP 3115 EP 3123 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2004.09.031 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 877VW UT WOS:000225603400012 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC AF Terwilliger, TC TI Using prime-and-switch phasing to reduce model bias in molecular replacement SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INITIATION-FACTOR 5A; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DENSITY MODIFICATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; REFINEMENT; MAP; CONSTRAINTS; IMPROVEMENT; EXTENSION AB Atomic models are commonly used to calculate phases in macromolecular crystallography. When combined with measured amplitudes, model-based phases yield electron-density maps with features of the correct structure but with a significant bias towards features of the model. The present contribution shows applications of the technique of prime-and-switch phasing to reduce this bias. An atomic model is used to generate phases that are close to the correct set but that may be biased. An unbiased source of phase information, an estimate of the probability that the electron-density map corresponds to a macromolecule, is then used to select a set of phases that are near the biased set, without further reference to the biased phases. The probability that the electron-density map corresponds to a macromolecule is based on agreement of the map with expectations such as a flat solvent region. Prime-and-switch phasing can be useful even for crystals with low solvent content and may reduce errors in interpretation of electron density in a wide range of applications of macromolecular crystallography, including molecular replacement, model building, ligand-binding and conformation-change studies, refinement and structure validation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terwilliger@lanl.gov RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 27 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 SI 1 BP 2144 EP 2149 DI 10.1107/S0907444904019535 PN 12 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 874OU UT WOS:000225360500004 PM 15572767 ER PT J AU Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E AF Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E TI Mechanical properties of tape cast nickel-based anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells before and after reduction in hydrogen SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE SOFC; toughness; elastic behavior; fracture; hydrogen ID EFFECTIVE ELASTIC-MODULI; POROSITY; AREA; BEHAVIOR; MODELS AB The processing of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) often involves co-sintering of multi-layered stacks. In the case of SOFCs incorporating Ni-based anodes, hydrogen reduction of the anode usually takes place during the first service cycle of operation or conditioning. Initial reduction causes changes in the chemistry, microstructure and properties of the Ni-based anode material, which in turn induce mechanical stresses in the cell. In this study the elastic moduli, biaxial strength and fracture toughness of unreduced (NiO-YSZ) and reduced (Ni-YSZ) anode were determined as functions of porosity. Elastic properties were determined by impulse excitation at ambient temperature. Biaxial strength and fracture toughness were determined at ambient temperature by the ring-on-ring and double torsion test methods, respectively. It was found that the mechanical properties of unreduced and reduced Ni-based anode materials depend strongly on porosity. Property-porosity trends were found to be in good agreement with prediction of the minimum solid area model. Results presented in this study show that the elastic moduli and biaxial strength of the Ni-based anode material decreases after reduction in hydrogen while fracture toughness increases after reduction due to formation of ductile Ni-metal phase. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lara-Curzio, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM radovicm@ornl.gov NR 27 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 8 U2 69 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 20 BP 5747 EP 5756 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.08.023 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 876DC UT WOS:000225475100003 ER PT J AU Soer, WA De Hosson, JTM Minor, AM Morris, JW Stach, EA AF Soer, WA De Hosson, JTM Minor, AM Morris, JW Stach, EA TI Effects of solute Mg on grain boundary and dislocation dynamics during nanoindentation of Al-Mg thin films SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE transmission electron microscopy; dislocation dynamics; grain boundary motion; aluminum alloys; plastic deformation ID VOLTAGE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; IN-SITU NANOINDENTATION; PLASTIC INSTABILITIES; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; INDENTATION; SEGREGATION; METALS; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB Using in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) the indentation-induced plasticity in ultrafine-grained Al and Al-Mg thin films has been studied, together with conventional quantitative ex situ nanoindentations. Extensive grain boundary motion has been observed in pure Al, whereas Mg solutes effectively pin high-angle grain boundaries in the Al-Mg alloy films. The proposed mechanism for this pinning is a change in the atomic structure of the boundaries, possibly aided by solute drag on extrinsic grain boundary dislocations. The mobility of low-angle boundaries is not affected by the presence of Mg. Based on the direct observations of incipient plasticity in Al and Al-Mg, it was concluded that solute drag accounts for the absence of discrete strain bursts in indentation of Al-Mg. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Groningen, Dept Appl Phys, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Groningen, Netherlands Inst Met Res, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Hosson, JTM (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Dept Appl Phys, Ctr Mat Sci, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. EM hossonj@phys.rug.nl RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; De Hosson, Jeff/C-2169-2013; OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; De Hosson, Jeff/0000-0002-2587-3233 NR 42 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 7 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 52 IS 20 BP 5783 EP 5790 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.08.032 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 876DC UT WOS:000225475100007 ER PT J AU Stephanov, M AF Stephanov, M TI The phase diagram of QCD and the critical point SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Cracow School of Theoretical Physics CY MAY 28-JUN 06, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Jagellonian Univ ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY BREAKING; BY-EVENT FLUCTUATIONS; DYNAMIC CRITICAL PHENOMENA; FINITE-DENSITY; LATTICE QCD; COLOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BARYON DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION AB The properties of the QCD phase diagram and the physics of the QCD critical point are reviewed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, BNL Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 66 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PRESS PI KRAKOW PA UL MICHALOWSKIEGO 9-2, KRAKOW, 31126, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 12 BP 2939 EP 2962 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 887LN UT WOS:000226307700006 ER PT J AU Stasto, AM AF Stasto, AM TI Nonlinear evolution equations in QCD SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Cracow School of Theoretical Physics CY MAY 28-JUN 06, 2004 CL Zakopane, POLAND SP Polish Acad Sci, H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Jagellonian Univ ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING; POMERON FAN DIAGRAMS; SMALL-X; IMPACT PARAMETER; BFKL POMERON; LARGE NUCLEI; KOVCHEGOV EQUATION; S-MATRIX AB These lectures are an introduction to the phenomenon of partonic saturation and nonlinear evolution equations in Quantum Chromodynamics. After short introduction to linear evolution, the problem of unitarity bound and parton saturation are discussed. The nonlinear Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equation in the high energy limit is introduced and the progress in understanding the properties of its solution is reviewed. We discuss saturation scale, geometrical scaling and lack of infrared diffusion. Finally, we give a brief summary of current theoretical developments which go beyond the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Polish Acad Sci, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. RP Stasto, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 75 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 12 BP 3069 EP 3102 PG 34 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 887LN UT WOS:000226307700012 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, AM Meakin, P Huang, H AF Tartakovsky, AM Meakin, P Huang, H TI Stochastic analysis of immiscible displacement of the fluids with arbitrary viscosities and its dependence on support scale of hydrological data SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE heterogeneity; support scale; stochastic analysis; immiscible displacement; front instability ID SAFFMAN-TAYLOR FINGER; RANDOM POROUS-MEDIA; HELE-SHAW CELL; UNSATURATED FLOW; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; FRONT EVOLUTION; VISCOUS LIQUID; INFILTRATION; INSTABILITY; STABILITY AB Stochastic analysis is commonly used to address uncertainty in the modeling of flow and transport in porous media. In the stochastic approach, the properties of porous media are treated as random functions with statistics obtained from field measurements. Several studies indicate that hydrological properties depend on the scale of measurements or support scales, but most stochastic analysis does not address the effects of support scale on stochastic predictions of subsurface processes. In this work we propose a new approach to study the scale dependence of stochastic predictions. We present a stochastic analysis of immiscible fluid-fluid displacement in randomly heterogeneous porous media. While existing solutions are applicable only to systems in which the viscosity of one phase is negligible compare with the viscosity of the other (water-air systems for example), our solutions can be applied to the immiscible displacement of fluids having arbitrarily viscosities such as NAPL-water and water-oil. Treating intrinsic permeability as a random field with statistics dependant on the permeability support scale (scale of measurements) we obtained, for one-dimensional systems, analytical solutions for the first moments characterizing unbiased predictions (estimates) of system variables, such as the pressure and fluid-fluid interface position, and we also obtained second moments, which characterize the uncertainties associated with such predictions. Next we obtained empirically scale dependent exponential correlation function of the intrinsic permeability that allowed us to study solutions of stochastic equations as a function of the support scale. We found that the first and second moments converge to asymptotic values as the support scale decreases. In our examples, the statistical moments reached asymptotic values for support scale that were approximately 1/10000 of the flow domain size. We show that analytical moment solutions compare well with the results of Monte Carlo simulations for moderately heterogeneous porous media, and that they can be used to study the effects of heterogeneity on the dynamics and stability of immiscible flow. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999-MS K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alexandre.tartakovsky@pnl.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1151 EP 1166 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.09.003 PG 16 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 887OS UT WOS:000226316000002 ER PT J AU Morgan, DL Su, YF Dill, JA Turnier, JC Westerberg, RB Smith, CS AF Morgan, DL Su, YF Dill, JA Turnier, JC Westerberg, RB Smith, CS TI Chemical and physical characteristics of cellulose insulation particulates, and evaluation of potential acute pulmonary toxicity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cellulose insulation; chemical composition; particulates; fibers; instillation; rats; respiratory toxicity ID BORIC-ACID; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; RATS; WORKERS; BORON; DUST; MICE AB Background During installation of cellulose insulation (CI) in new and older houses, significant quantities of airborne material are generated. This study characterized the chemical and physical properties, and potential acute pulmonary toxicity of CI. Methods CI from four manufacturers was analyzed for inorganic additives and trace element impurities. Aerosols were generated and size fractionated. The number and size of fibrous and nonfibrous particles in the respirable fractions were determined. Respirable CI particulates were intratracheally instilled in rats (5 mg/kg) to evaluate potential pulmonary toxicity. Results CI samples were similar in composition with small differences due primarily to fire retardants. Less than 0.1% of CI was respirable and contained few fibers. Acute exposure to CI caused transient inflammation in the lungs and increased 4-hydroxyproline. Microscopic evaluation revealed a minimal to mild, non-progressing granulomatous pneumonitis. Conclusions Low concentrations of respirable particles were found in CI aerosols. Particles consisted primarily of fire retardants with few fibers, and caused mild pulmonary toxicity in rats. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. Pathol Associates Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Morgan, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Toxicol Lab, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM morgand@niehs.nih.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 6 BP 554 EP 569 DI 10.1002/ajim.20101 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 876XS UT WOS:000225532700002 PM 15551371 ER PT J AU Jackson, JD AF Jackson, JD TI Torque or no torque? Simple charged particle motion observed in different inertial frames SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB In a given inertial frame, a charged particle initially at rest moves in the central electric field caused by a fixed charge at the origin. The particle has no initial angular momentum and experiences no torque. However, in an inertial frame moving with a nonvanishing velocity with respect to the first, the charged particle's motion is subject to the Lorentz force with both electric and magnetic fields, produced by the "fixed" charge, which is now in uniform motion. The charged particle experiences a torque from the magnetic part of the force; its nonvanishing angular -momentum changes in time. This puzzle is analyzed in detail from different reference frames. The chief characteristic of the motion, independent of the choice of the inertial frame, is the constancy in time of the orientation of the relative coordinate r as the particle moves with respect to the fixed (or uniformly moving) charge. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jackson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jdjackson@lbl.gov NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1484 EP 1487 DI 10.1119/1.1783902 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 874IQ UT WOS:000225344500003 ER PT J AU Alsing, PM Milonni, PW AF Alsing, PM Milonni, PW TI Simplified derivation of the Hawking-Unruh temperature for an accelerated observer in vacuum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK-HOLES; PARTICLE; STATES; FRAME; SPACE; THERMODYNAMICS; RADIATION; FIELDS AB A detector undergoing uniform acceleration a in a vacuum field responds as though it were immersed in thermal radiation of temperature T= ha/2pikc. An intuitive derivation of this result is given for a scalar field in one spatial dimension. The approach is extended to the case where the field detected by the accelerated observer is a spin 1/2 Dirac field. (C) 2004 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div TDOT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alsing, PM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM alsing@hpc.unm.edu; pwm@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 72 IS 12 BP 1524 EP 1529 DI 10.1119/1.1761064 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 874IQ UT WOS:000225344500011 ER PT J AU Stevens, FJ AF Stevens, FJ TI Amyloid formation: an emulation of matrix protein assembly? SO AMYLOID-JOURNAL OF PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE roll; beta helix; matrix protein; sequence repeats; evolution ID BETA-HELICAL PROTOFIBRILS; LONG-TERM-MEMORY; PRION PROTEIN; GLUTAMINE REPEATS; FIBRIL FORMATION; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; COPPER-BINDING; POLAR ZIPPERS AB Although more than 20 different proteins are now associated with the amyloidoses, the fibrils share many properties. Despite disparity in primary and tertiary structures of the subunit proteins, assembled,fibrils exhibit similar morphology, binding of Congo red, interaction with Thioflavine T, formation of complexes with serum amyloid P component, apolipoprotein E, several glycosaminoglycans, the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts and cross-recognition by some monoclonal antibodies. Thus, it is probable that the mechanism of amyloid generation involves a generic process that can be evoked by most, if not all, proteins under conditions that degrade the native conformation. As suggested by others, the beta-helix or beta-roll conformation may be the unifying element of fibril conformations. Several proteins that have evolved to form physiologically useful amyloid like fibrils, as well as sonic proteins associated with pathological amyloidoses, exhibit sequence repeat patterns that may facilitate beta-roll or beta-helix formation. Threading analyses of 2 natural amyloid-forming proteins, curli and human Pmel 17, indicate compatibility of their primary structures with both beta sandwich and beta-helix conformations, suggesting a possible innate conformational pliability. In addition, these results may suggest that the misfolded form of some proteins that are associated with conformational disease may be the native conformation of other proteins to which the-ill are linked by evolution. Finally, since many matrix and structural proteins are known to incorporate numerous tandem repeat sequence elements, we propose that the mechanism of fibril formation is fundamentally related to a general protein assembly process that is integral to the generation of cells and tissues. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Stevens, FJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B10202,B229, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fstevens@anl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43957] NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI LANCASTER PA RICHMOND HOUSE, WHITE CROSS, SOUTH ROAD, LANCASTER LA1 4XQ, ENGLAND SN 1350-6129 J9 AMYLOID JI Amyloid-J. Protein Fold. Disord. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 4 BP 232 EP 244 DI 10.1080/03506120400016265 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 888FX UT WOS:000226360700002 PM 15678758 ER PT J AU Talley, CE Jusinski, L Hollars, CW Lane, SM Huser, T AF Talley, CE Jusinski, L Hollars, CW Lane, SM Huser, T TI Intracellular pH sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULE SENSITIVITY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SINGLE; SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER; CELLS; SERS; PROBES; ACID; DNA AB We present the development of nanoscale pH sensors based on functionalized silver nanoparticles and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The SERS spectrum from individual silver nanoparticle (50-80 nm in diameter) clusters functionalized with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid shows a characteristic response to the pH of the surrounding solution and is sensitive to pH changes in the range of 6-8. Measurements from nanoparticles incorporated in living Chinese hamster ovary cells demonstrate that the nanoparticle sensors retain their robust signal and sensitivity to pH when incorporated into a cell. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NSF, Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Talley, CE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM talley1@llnl.gov RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 32 TC 195 Z9 198 U1 10 U2 104 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 76 IS 23 BP 7064 EP 7068 DI 10.1021/ac049093j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 876YR UT WOS:000225535300036 PM 15571360 ER PT J AU Prokopec, T Schmidt, MG Weinstock, S AF Prokopec, T Schmidt, MG Weinstock, S TI Transport equations for chiral fermions to order h and electroweak baryogenesis: Part II SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE baryogenesis; physics of the early universe; Cp violation ID PHASE-TRANSITION; STANDARD MODEL; CP-VIOLATION; FIELD-THEORY; REGIME AB This is the second in a series of two papers. While in Paper I [Ann. Phys. 314 (2004) 208] we derive semiclassical Boltzmann transport equations and study their flow terms, here we make use of the results from that paper and address the collision terms. We use a model Lagrangean, in which fermions couple to scalars through Yukawa interactions and approximate the self-energies by the one-loop expressions. This approximation already contains important aspects of thermalization and scatterings required for quantitative studies of transport in plasmas. We compute the CP-violating contributions to both the scalar and the fermionic collision term. CP-violating sources appear at order h in gradient and in a weak coupling expansion, as a consequence of a CP-violating split in the fermionic dispersion relation. This represents the first controlled calculation of CP-violating collisional sources, thus establishing the existence of 'spontaneous' baryogenesis sources in the collision term. The calculation is performed by the use of the spin quasiparticle states established in Paper I. Next, we present the relevant leading order calculation of the relaxation rates for the spin states and relate them to the more standard relaxation rates for the helicity states. We also analyze the associated fluid equations, make a comparison between the source arising from the semiclassical force in the flow term and the collisional source, and observe that the semiclassical source tends to be more important in the limit of inefficient diffusion/transport. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Prokopec, T (reprint author), Univ Heidelberg, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 19, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM T.Prokopec@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de; M.G.Schmidt@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de; weinstock@bnl.gov NR 24 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 314 IS 2 BP 267 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2004.06.001 PG 54 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 883UN UT WOS:000226041300001 ER PT J AU Cutter, SL Richardson, DB Wilbanks, TJ AF Cutter, SL Richardson, DB Wilbanks, TJ TI The geographical dimensions of terrorism. SO ANNALS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Assoc Amer Geographers, Washington, DC USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cutter, SL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0004-5608 J9 ANN ASSOC AM GEOGR JI Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1002 PG 2 WC Geography SC Geography GA 880IZ UT WOS:000225784800028 ER PT J AU Perelson, AS AF Perelson, AS TI Mathematical modelling of HIV and HBV SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 6th International Workshop on Adverse Drug Reactions and Lipodystrophy in HIV CY OCT 25-28, 2004 CL Washington, DC C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP H2 EP H2 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 960TL UT WOS:000231616000155 ER PT J AU Macbeth, TW Cummings, DE Spring, S Petzke, LM Sorenson, KS AF Macbeth, TW Cummings, DE Spring, S Petzke, LM Sorenson, KS TI Molecular characterization of a dechlorinating community resulting from in situ biostimulation in a trichloroethene-contaminated deep, fractured basalt aquifer and comparison to a derivative laboratory culture SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRICTLY ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; CHLORINATED ETHENES; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; VINYL-CHLORIDE; DEHALOSPIRILLUM-MULTIVORANS; METHANOGENIC CONDITIONS; SP-NOV; DEHALOCOCCOIDES-ETHENOGENES; TRICHLOROBACTER-THIOGENES AB Sodium lactate additions to a trichloroethene (TCE) residual source area in deep, fractured basalt at a U.S. Department of Energy site have resulted in the enrichment of the indigenous microbial community, the complete dechlorination of nearly all aqueous-phase TCE to ethene, and the continued depletion of the residual source since 1999. The bacterial and archaeal consortia in groundwater obtained from the residual source were assessed by using PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. A clone library of bacterial amplicons was predominated by those from members of the class Clostridia (57 of 93 clones), of which a phylotype most similar to that of the homoacetogen Acetobacterium sp. strain HAAP-1 was most abundant (32 of 93 clones). The remaining Bacteria consisted of phylotypes affiliated with Sphingobacteria, Bacteroides, Spirochaetes, Mollicutes, and Proteobacteria and candidate divisions OP11 and OP3. The two proteobacterial phylotypes were most similar to those of the known dechlorinators Trichlorobacter thiogenes and Sulfurospirillum multivorans. Although not represented by the bacterial clones generated with broad-specificity bacterial primers, a Dehalococcoides-like phylotype was identified with genus-specific primers. Only four distinct phylotypes were detected in the groundwater archaeal library, including predominantly a clone affiliated with the strictly acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta concilee (24 of 43 clones). A mixed culture that completely dechlorinates TCE to ethene was enriched from this groundwater, and both communities were characterized by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). According to T-RFLP, the laboratory enrichment community was less diverse overall than the groundwater community, with 22 unique phylotypes as opposed to 43 and a higher percentage of Clostridia, including the Acetobacterium population. Bioreactor archaeal structure was very similar to that of the groundwater community, suggesting that methane is generated primarily via the acetoclastic pathway, using acetate generated by lactate fermentation and acetogenesis in both systems. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83209 USA. N Wind Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83209 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Deutsch Sammlung von Mikroorganismen & Zellkultur, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Sorenson, KS (reprint author), CDM Inc, 1331 17th St,Suite 1200, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM sorensonks@cdm.com RI Spring, Stefan/N-6933-2013 OI Spring, Stefan/0000-0001-6247-0938 NR 86 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7329 EP 7341 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7329-7341.2004 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300048 PM 15574933 ER PT J AU Renninger, N Knopp, R Nitsche, H Clark, DS Keasling, JD AF Renninger, N Knopp, R Nitsche, H Clark, DS Keasling, JD TI Uranyl precipitation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa via controlled polyphosphate metabolism SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL; CITROBACTER SP; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CADMIUM ACCUMULATION; HEAVY-METALS; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; ACINETOBACTER-JOHNSONII; INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATE AB The polyphosphate kinase gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was overexpressed in its native host, resulting in the accumulation of 100 times the polyphosphate seen with control strains. Degradation of this polyphosphate was induced by carbon starvation conditions, resulting in phosphate release into the medium. The mechanism of polyphosphate degradation is not clearly understood, but it appears to be associated with glycogen degradation. Upon suspension of the cells in 1 mM uranyl nitrate, nearly all polyphosphate that had accumulated was degraded within 48 h, resulting in the removal of nearly 80% of the uranyl ion and >95% of lesser-concentrated solutions. Electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) suggest that this removal was due to the precipitation of uranyl phosphate at the cell membrane. TRLFS also indicated that uranyl was initially sorbed to the cell as uranyl hydroxide and was then precipitated as uranyl phosphate as phosphate was released from the cell. Lethal doses of radiation did not halt phosphate secretion from polyphosphate-filled cells under carbon starvation conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Synth Biol Dept, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 NR 63 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 70 IS 12 BP 7404 EP 7412 DI 10.1128/AEM.70.12.7404-7412.2004 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 879LM UT WOS:000225719300057 PM 15574942 ER PT J AU Schreiber, J Kaluza, M Gruner, F Schramm, U Hegelich, BM Cobble, J Geissler, M Brambrink, E Fuchs, J Audebert, P Habs, D Witte, K AF Schreiber, J Kaluza, M Gruner, F Schramm, U Hegelich, BM Cobble, J Geissler, M Brambrink, E Fuchs, J Audebert, P Habs, D Witte, K TI Source-size measurements and charge distributions of ions accelerated from thin foils irradiated by high-intensity laser pulses SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Meeting of the Quantum Optics and Photonics Section of the German-Physical-Society CY MAR 22-26, 2004 CL Munich, GERMANY SP German Phys Soc ID SOLID INTERACTIONS; PROTON GENERATION; PLASMA; BEAMS; TARGETS; DRIVEN AB We report on measurements of source sizes and charge state distributions of ions accelerated from thin foils irradiated by ultrashort (100 - 300 fs) high-intensity (1-6 x 10(19) W/cm(2)) laser pulses. The source sizes of proton and carbon ion beams originating from hydrocarbon contaminants on the surfaces of 5 mum thick aluminum foils were investigated using the knife-edge method. For low-energy protons and low-carbon charge states, the source area was found to exceed the focal spot area by a factor of 10(4). For the determination of charge state distributions, sandwich targets consisting of a 25 mum thick tungsten layer, a 2-nm thin beryllium layer, and again a tungsten layer whose thickness was varied were used. These targets were resistively heated to remove the light surface contaminants. Peaked energy spectra of oxygen and argon ions corresponding to the equilibrium distribution after propagation through matter were observed. C1 MPI Quantenopt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. LMU Munchen, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses,CNRS,UMR 7605, Palaiseau, France. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP MPI Quantenopt, Hans Kopfermann Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM joerg.schreiber@mpq.mpg.de RI Schramm, Ulrich/C-9393-2012; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; Gruner, Florian/M-1212-2016 OI Schramm, Ulrich/0000-0003-0390-7671; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; Gruner, Florian/0000-0001-8382-9225 NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 79 IS 8 BP 1041 EP 1045 DI 10.1007/s00340-004-1665-5 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 872CR UT WOS:000225184400020 ER PT J AU Rivard, MJ Kirk, BL Stapleford, LJ Wazer, DE AF Rivard, MJ Kirk, BL Stapleford, LJ Wazer, DE TI A comparison of the expected costs of high dose rate brachytherapy using (252)Cf versus (192)Ir SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE brachytherapy; (192)Ir; (252)Cf; cost analysis ID DOSIMETRY; PROTOCOL AB A cost analysis to compare high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy using either californium-252 ((252)Cf) or (192)Ir was performed to determine the prospects of widespread clinical implementation of HDR (252)Cf. Interest in the neutron-emitting (252)Cf radioisotope as a radiotherapy nuclide has undergone a resurgence given recent efforts to fabricate HDR remotely afterloaded sources, and other efforts to create a miniature source for improved accessibility to a variety of anatomic sites. Therefore, HDR (252)Cf brachytherapy may prove to be a potential rival to the use of HDR (192)Ir remotely afterloaded brachytherapy-the current standard-of-care treatment modality using HDR brachytherapy. Considering the possible improvements in clinical efficacy using HDR (252)Cf brachytherapy and the enormous costs of other high-LET radiation sources, the cost differences between (252)Cf and (192)Ir may be well-justified. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Data & Informat Anal Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Rivard, MJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Tufts New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM MRivard@tufts-nemc.org NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1216 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.03.113 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 862OP UT WOS:000224500800013 PM 15388112 ER PT J AU VanBrocklin, HF Blagoev, M Hoepping, A O'Neil, JP Klose, M Schubiger, PA Ametamey, S AF VanBrocklin, HF Blagoev, M Hoepping, A O'Neil, JP Klose, M Schubiger, PA Ametamey, S TI A new precursor for the preparation of 6-[F-18]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine ([F-18]FMT): efficient synthesis and comparison of radiolabeling SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE FMT; FDOPA; radiofluorination ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; METABOLISM; 6-FLUORO-L-DOPA; PRIMATES AB For the electrophilic preparation of 6-[F-18]fluoro-L-m-tyrosine ([F-18]FMT), a PET tracer for measuring changes in dopaminergic function in movement disorders, a novel precursor, N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyloxy)-6-trimethylstannnyl-L-plienylalanine ethyl ester, was synthesized in four steps and 26% yield starting from L-m-tyrosine. [F-18]FIVIT produced by two methods at two institutions was comparable in both radiochemical yield, 25-26%, and quality (chemical, enantiomeric, and radiochemical purity and specific activity) as that obtained with the original N-trifluoroacetyl-3-acetyl-6-trimethylstannyl-L-m-tyrosine ethyl ester [F-18]FMT precursor. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Ctr Radiopharmaceut Sci, PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Inst, USZ, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Nucl Med & Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ABX Adv Biochem Compounds GmbH Radeberg, D-01454 Radeberg, Germany. RP Hoepping, A (reprint author), ETH, Ctr Radiopharmaceut Sci, PSI, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM hoepping@abx.de NR 12 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1289 EP 1294 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.04.008 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 862OP UT WOS:000224500800024 PM 15388123 ER PT J AU Ramirez, LM Wielopolski, L AF Ramirez, LM Wielopolski, L TI Analysis of potassium spectra with low counting statistics using trapezoidal and library least-squares methods SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE potassium; library least-squares; trapezoidal method; low counting statistics; brain; in vivo ID BODY AB Potassium spectra with low counting statistics were measured with a NaI detector from a water phantom, simulating a brain, and were analyzed for error propagation in determination of K employing either the Trapezoidal Method or the Library Least-Squares method. We demonstrate, using measured and synthetic spectra, that a smaller error is obtained in the analysis of potassium when using the Library Least-Squares method. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 490D,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lwielo@bnl.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P01 DK042618]; PHS HHS [4261844] NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1367 EP 1373 DI 10.1016/j.apradisco.2004.03.125 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 862OP UT WOS:000224500800036 PM 15388135 ER PT J AU Stephan, AC Dai, S Wallace, SA AF Stephan, AC Dai, S Wallace, SA TI Neutronics aspects of position-sensitive neutron scintillator detectors using wavelength-shifting readout fibers SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE position-sensitive neutron detection; neutron scintillator detector; sol-gel glass; neutron scattering research AB Recent investigations in using wavelength-shifting fibers with scintillator screens for two-dimensional position sensitive neutron detection have shown this method to be effective and affordable. However, hydrogen and carbon atoms in the readout fibers scatter many neutrons traveling into the scintillator and affect the detector's efficiency and position resolution. In this work we seek to quantify these effects for various neutron energies using Monte Carlo simulations of different geometrical cases and suggest methods for mitigating negative effects from neutron scattering. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Neutron Sci Inc, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stephan, AC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Pasqua Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM astephan@utk.edu RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1375 EP 1382 DI 10.1016/j.apradisco.2004.04.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 862OP UT WOS:000224500800037 ER PT J AU Mitra, S Wielopolski, L Hendrey, G AF Mitra, S Wielopolski, L Hendrey, G TI Comparison of a digital and an analog signal processing system for neutron inelastic gamma-ray spectrometry SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE digital spectroscopy; NaI(Tl) detector; gamma-ray; neutron inelastic scattering; analog spectroscopy AB We compared the value of using a digital signal processing unit for gamma-ray spectroscopy with that of an analog one for in situ measurements of gamma-rays generated by inelastic neutron scattering reactions with soil elements. A large cylindrical NaI(TI) scintillation detector, 15.24 cut high by 15.24 cm diameter was used to measure carbon (C) and oxygen (O). The performance of the systems was assessed as a function of input count rate (ICR) by monitoring the peak areas of the C, 4.43 MeV, and O, 6.13 MeV, gamma-rays. In separate experiments, the digital and the analog systems were also compared using an intense 10.3 mCi Cs-137 source to vary the ICR, and the 1.17 MeV peak area of Co-60 was used as the reference. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Earth Syst Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mitra, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Earth Syst Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM smitra@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1463 EP 1468 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.02.024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 862OP UT WOS:000224500800049 PM 15388148 ER PT J AU Sweterlitsch, JJ Jones, RW Hsu, DK McClelland, JF AF Sweterlitsch, JJ Jones, RW Hsu, DK McClelland, JF TI Prediction of interlaminar shear strength of a thermally aged carbon/epoxy composite material by Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE photoacoustic spectroscopy; interlaminar shear strength; carbon/epoxy composites AB Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to predict the interlaminar shear strength of a carbon/epoxy composite. Samples were artificially aged by exposing the samples to elevated temperatures in an air environment. Short-beam shear tests were performed to determine mechanically the interlaminar shear strength of the samples. Photoacoustic spectra of the samples were also collected and compared to mechanical data. Chemometrics were performed on the spectral and mechanical data, and a good correlation was found between the near surface chemistry of the composite and overall mechanical integrity. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McClelland, JF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1420 EP 1423 DI 10.1366/0003702042641407 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 879GJ UT WOS:000225704100007 PM 15606954 ER PT J AU Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Sams, RL Chu, PM Rhoderick, GC Johnson, PA AF Sharpe, SW Johnson, TJ Sams, RL Chu, PM Rhoderick, GC Johnson, PA TI Gas-phase databases for quantitative infrared spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE database; quantitative; gas-phase; infrared; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; FT-IR ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; FT-IR; DETECTOR NONLINEARITY; LINE STRENGTHS; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETRY; PARAMETERS; ARTIFACTS; EMISSION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are each creating quantitative databases containing the vapor-phase infrared spectra of pure chemicals. The digital databases have been created with both laboratory and remote-sensing applications in mind. A spectral resolution of approximate to0.1 cm(-1) was selected to avoid degrading sharp spectral features, while also realizing that atmospheric broadening typically limits line widths to 0.1 cm(-1). Calculated positional (wave-number, cm(-1)) uncertainty is less than or equal to0.005 cm(-1), while the 1sigma, statistical uncertainty in absorbance values is <2% for most compounds. The latter was achieved by measuring multiple (typically 9) path length-concentration burdens and fitting a weighted Beer's law plot to each wavenumber channel. The two databases include different classes of compounds and were compared using 12 samples. Though these 12 samples span a range of polarities, absorption strengths, and vapor pressures, the data agree to within experimental uncertainties with only one exception. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sharpe, SW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sw.sharpe@pnl.gov; pmchu@nist.gov NR 36 TC 355 Z9 355 U1 8 U2 61 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1452 EP 1461 DI 10.1366/0003702042641281 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 879GJ UT WOS:000225704100012 PM 15606959 ER PT J AU Dieckmann, J Roth, K Brodrick, J AF Dieckmann, J Roth, K Brodrick, J TI Heat pumps for cold climates SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Dieckmann, J (reprint author), TIAX, HVAC & Refrigerat Technol Sector, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 12 BP 115 EP 116 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 877WL UT WOS:000225605500017 ER PT J AU Wozniak, PR Williams, SJ Vestrand, WT Gupta, V AF Wozniak, PR Williams, SJ Vestrand, WT Gupta, V TI Identifying red variables in the Northern Sky Variability Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : variables : other ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; MIRA KINEMATICS; CLASSIFICATION; STARS; POPULATIONS; CATALOG; COLORS; LIGHT; RICH AB We present a catalog of 8678 slowly varying stars with near-infrared colors corresponding to the evolved asymptotic giant branch population. Objects were selected from the Northern Sky Variability Survey (NSVS) covering the entire sky above declination delta=-38degrees in a single unfiltered photometric band corresponding to a V-band magnitude range of similar to8-15.5 mag. After quality cuts, the number of measurements for a typical star is approximately 150, but it ranges up to similar to1000 for high-declination stars. We show that the use of support vector machines, a modern machine-learning algorithm, can reliably distinguish Mira variables from other types of red variables, namely, semiregular and irregular. We also identify a region of parameter space that is dominated by carbon stars. Our classification is based on period, amplitude, and three independent colors possible with photometry from the NSVS and the Two Micron All Sky Survey. The overall classification accuracy is similar to90% despite the relatively short survey baseline of 1 yr and limited set of features. There are 6474 stars in our sample without identifications in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars, which, as such, are most likely new discoveries. Period-amplitude and period-color diagrams of both our previously known and newly identified Mira stars are in good agreement with published studies based on smaller samples. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wozniak, PR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wozniak@lanl.gov; steven@lanl.gov; vestrand@lanl.gov; varsha@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 128 IS 6 BP 2965 EP 2976 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875JX UT WOS:000225417500031 ER PT J AU Kaastra, JS Raassen, AJJ Mewe, R Arav, N Behar, E Costantini, E Gabel, JR Kriss, GA Proga, D Sako, M Steenbrugge, KC AF Kaastra, JS Raassen, AJJ Mewe, R Arav, N Behar, E Costantini, E Gabel, JR Kriss, GA Proga, D Sako, M Steenbrugge, KC TI X-ray/UV campaign on the Mrk 279 outflow: Density diagnostics in Active Galactic Nuclei using O v K-shell absorption lines SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual : Mrk 279; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : quasars : absorption lines; X-rays : galaxies ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; BE-LIKE IONS; SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; XMM-NEWTON; INTRINSIC ABSORPTION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; AUGER-SPECTRA; OXYGEN IONS; IONIZED-GAS AB One of the main problems in modeling the ionised outflows in Active Galactic Nuclei is the unknown distance of the outflowing wind to the central source. Only if the density is known this distance can be determined through the ionisation parameter. Here we study density diagnostics based upon O V transitions. O V is known to have metastable levels that are density dependent. We study the population of those levels under photoionisation equilibrium conditions and determine for which parameter range they can have a significant population. We find that resonance line trapping plays an important role in reducing the critical densities above which the metastable population becomes important. We investigate the K-shell absorption lines from these metastable levels. Provided that there is a sufficient population of the metastable levels, the corresponding K-shell absorption lines are detectable and are well separated from the main absorption line originating from the ground state. We then present the Chandra LETGS spectrum of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 279 that may show for the first time the presence of these metastable level absorption lines. A firm identification is not yet possible due to both uncertainties in the observed wavelength of the strongest line as well as uncertainties in the predicted wavelength. If the line is indeed due to absorption from O V, then we deduce a distance to the central source of one light week to a few light months, depending upon the importance of additional heating processes. C1 SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. KIPAC, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kaastra, JS (reprint author), SRON, Natl Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM J.Kaastra@sron.nl NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 428 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041434 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 874EY UT WOS:000225334900009 ER PT J AU Kawaler, SD Potter, EM Vuckovic, M Dind, ZE O'Toole, S Clemens, JC O'Brien, MS Grauer, AD Nather, RE Moskalik, PA Claver, CF Fontaine, G Wesemael, F Bergeron, P Vauclair, G Dolez, N Chevreton, M Kleinman, SJ Watson, TK Barstow, MA Sansom, AE Winget, DE Kepler, SO Kanaan, A Bradley, PA Dixson, J Provencal, J Bedding, TR AF Kawaler, SD Potter, EM Vuckovic, M Dind, ZE O'Toole, S Clemens, JC O'Brien, MS Grauer, AD Nather, RE Moskalik, PA Claver, CF Fontaine, G Wesemael, F Bergeron, P Vauclair, G Dolez, N Chevreton, M Kleinman, SJ Watson, TK Barstow, MA Sansom, AE Winget, DE Kepler, SO Kanaan, A Bradley, PA Dixson, J Provencal, J Bedding, TR TI Whole Earth Telescope observations of the pulsating hot white dwarf PG 1707+427 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : evolution; stars : white dwarfs; stars : oscillations; stars : individual : PG 1707+427 ID DEFICIENT CENTRAL STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULA; SEISMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; INSTABILITY STRIPS; PG-1159 STARS; EVOLVED STARS; ASTEROSEISMOLOGY; PG-2131+066; ATMOSPHERES; MECHANISM AB We report on the analysis of multisite time-series photometry of the pulsating pre-white dwarf (GW Vir star) PG 1707+427, obtained by the Whole Earth Telescope collaboration. This is the last of the known GW Vir stars without surrounding nebulae to be resolved by multisite data. Successful resolution of the pulsation spectrum resulted from the combination of high signal-to-noise observations with a large telescope and wide coverage in longitude with smaller telescopes. We find a series of 8 pulsation frequencies (along with two nonlinear combination frequencies), and identify 7 of them as part of a sequence of l = 1 modes, with a common period spacing of 23.0 s. This spacing implies that the mass of PG 1707+427 is 0.57 M(circle dot). Preliminary model fits suggest that the mass determined via asteroseismology is consistent with the mass determined from spectroscopy combined with evolutionary tracks. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Astron Inst, Dr Remeis Sternwarte, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06851 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Nicholas Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Toulouse 3, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Observ Paris, DAEC, F-92195 Meudon, France. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Southwestern Univ, Georgetown, TX 78626 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, Santa Cruz De La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. Univ Cent Lancashire, Ctr Astrophys, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fis, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kawaler, SD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sdk@iastate.edu RI Kepler, S. O. /H-5901-2012; OI Kepler, S. O. /0000-0002-7470-5703; Bedding, Timothy/0000-0001-5943-1460; Bedding, Tim/0000-0001-5222-4661; Kawaler, Steven/0000-0002-6536-6367 NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 428 IS 3 BP 969 EP 981 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041475 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 877UT UT WOS:000225599800022 ER PT J AU Baron, E Hauschildt, PH AF Baron, E Hauschildt, PH TI Co-moving frame radiative transfer in spherical media with arbitrary velocity fields SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer ID SPECIAL RELATIVISTIC EQUATION; OPERATOR PERTURBATION; ATMOSPHERES; ENVELOPES AB Recently, with the advances in computational speed and availability there has been a growth in the number and resolution of fully 3D hydrodynamical simulations. However, all of these simulations are purely hydrodynamical and there has been little attempt to include the effects of radiative transfer except in a purely phenomenological manner because the computational cost is too large even for modern supercomputers. While there has been an effort to develop 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer codes, most of these have been for static atmospheres or have employed the Sobolev approximation, which limits their applicability to studying purely geometric effects such as macroscopic mixing. Also the computational requirements of Monte Carlo methods are such that it is difficult to couple with 3D hydrodynamics. Here, we present an algorithm for calculating 1D spherical radiative transfer in the presence of non-monotonic velocity fields in the co-moving frame. Nonmonotonic velocity flows will occur in convective, and Raleigh-Taylor unstable flows, in flows with multiple shocks, and in pulsationally unstable stars such as Mira and Cepheids. This is a first step to developing fully 3D radiative transfer than can be coupled with hydrodynamics. We present the computational method and the results of some test calculations. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Baron, E (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, 440 W Brooks,Rm 131, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM baron@nhn.ou.edu; yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 427 IS 3 BP 987 EP 994 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20040039 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 872HE UT WOS:000225197500025 ER PT J AU Trudolyubov, S Priedhorsky, W AF Trudolyubov, S Priedhorsky, W TI M31 globular cluster X-ray sources: XMM-Newton and Chandra results SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M31); galaxies : star clusters; globular clusters : general; X-rays : galaxies ID ROSAT PSPC SURVEY; BLACK-HOLES; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; CENTRAL REGION; POINT SOURCES; BINARIES; METALLICITY; M-31; COMPTONIZATION; POPULATION AB We present the results of an M31 globular cluster (GC) X-ray source survey, based on the data of XMM-Newton and Chandra observations covering similar to6100 arcmin(2) of M31. We detected 43 X-ray sources coincident with GC candidates from various optical surveys. The inferred isotropic X-ray luminosities of GC sources lie between similar to10(35) and similar to10(39) ergs s(-1) in the 0.3-10 keV energy band. The spectral properties of the 31 brightest sources in our sample were found to be similar to those of the low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) located in the bulge and the GCs of the Milky Way. The spectral distribution of the M31 GC X-ray sources is consistent with that derived for the bulge of M31 and other nearby galaxies of different morphological type. Several sources demonstrate a correlation between the level of X-ray flux and the hardness of their energy spectrum reminiscent of the Galactic Z and atoll sources. We found that similar to80% of the M31 GC sources with multiple flux measurements available show significant variability on timescales from days to years. The X-ray source RX J0043.2+4127, coincident with GC Bo 163, has been found to show recurrent transient outbursts with peak luminosities of similar to10(38) ergs s(-1). Several sources in our sample show significant variability on a timescale of individual observations, ranging from aperiodic fluctuations to regular dipping. The X-ray luminosity function of GC sources is found to be significantly different from that of the point sources in the bulge and disk of M31. The luminosity distribution of M31 GC sources has similar to10 times higher peak luminosity and a much higher fraction of bright sources than the Milky Way GC distribution. Six persistent sources in our sample (or similar to14% of the total number) have luminosities exceeding 10(38) ergs s(-1) during all observations, and three other sources occasionally exceed that luminosity level. Our observations indicate that GC sources make the dominant contribution to the bright source counts in the areas of M31 covered by the survey: similar to40% of the total number of sources with luminosities above 10(37) ergs s(-1) reside in GCs, with the fraction of GC sources rising to 67%-90% for luminosities above 10(38) ergs s(-1). The contribution of the GC sources to the total number of bright sources found in M31 is much higher than in the Milky Way but surprisingly close to that of early-type galaxies. We found that the brightest M31 GC sources tend to reside at large galactocentric distances outside the central bulge. We found that GCs hosting bright X-ray sources are optically brighter and more metal-rich than the rest of the M31 GCs, in agreement with previous studies. The brightest sources, with luminosities above similar to10(38) ergs s(-1), show a tendency to reside in more metal-poor clusters. The remarkable similarities between the properties of the M31 GC X-ray sources and those of Galactic neutron star LMXBs lead us to expect most of the persistent M31 GC X-ray sources to be LMXB systems with neutron star primaries. However, the current X-ray spectral and timing data cannot rule out the possibility of finding active accreting black holes in our GC source sample. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. RP Trudolyubov, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 62 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 616 IS 2 BP 821 EP 844 DI 10.1086/425033 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875KC UT WOS:000225418100013 ER PT J AU McGehee, PM Smith, JA Henden, AA Richmond, MW Knapp, GR Finkbeiner, DP Ivezic, E Brinkmann, J AF McGehee, PM Smith, JA Henden, AA Richmond, MW Knapp, GR Finkbeiner, DP Ivezic, E Brinkmann, J TI The V1647 Orionis (IRAS 05436-0007) protostar and its environment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : individual (IRAS 05436-0007, V1647 Orionis) stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; T-TAURI STARS; DATA RELEASE; EXTINCTION; OUTBURST; SCALE; SUBDWARFS; EMISSION; MODELS; SYSTEM AB We present Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and United States Naval Observatory (USNO) observations of the V1647 Ori protostar and its surrounding field near NGC 2068. V1647 Ori, the likely driving source for HH 23, brightened significantly in 2003 November. Analysis of SDSS imaging acquired in 1998 November and 2002 February during the quiescent state, recent USNO photometry, and published Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and Gemini data show that the color changes associated with brightening suggest an EX Lupi type (EXor) outburst rather than a simple dust-clearing event. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE-8,MS H820, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM peregrin@apo.nmsu.edu NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 616 IS 2 BP 1058 EP 1064 DI 10.1086/425069 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875KC UT WOS:000225418100029 ER PT J AU Wunsch, S Woosley, SE AF Wunsch, S Woosley, SE TI Convection and off-center ignition in type Ia supernovae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; supernovae : general ID SIMULATIONS AB The turbulent convection that takes place in a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf during the final few minutes before it explodes determines where and how frequently it ignites. Numerical simulations have shown that the properties of the subsequent Type Ia supernova are sensitive to these ignition conditions. A heuristic model of the turbulent convection is explored. The results suggest that supernova ignition is likely to occur at a radius of order 100 km, rather than at the center of the star. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Wunsch, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 616 IS 2 BP 1102 EP 1108 DI 10.1086/425116 PN 1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875KC UT WOS:000225418100035 ER PT J AU Baron, E Nugent, PE Branch, D Hauschildt, PH AF Baron, E Nugent, PE Branch, D Hauschildt, PH TI Type IIP supernovae as cosmological probes: A spectral-fitting expanding atmosphere model distance to SN 1999em SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; stars : atmospheres; supernovae : individual (SN 1999em) ID LOW-DENSITY PHOTOSPHERES; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; HUBBLE CONSTANT; SN 1999EM; 1987A; FLUX; SPECTROPOLARIMETRY; PARAMETERS; NGC-1637; LAMBDA AB Because of their intrinsic brightness, supernovae make excellent cosmological probes. We describe the spectral-fitting expanding atmosphere method ( SEAM) for obtaining distances to Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP) and present a distance to SN 1999em for which a Cepheid distance exists. Our models give results consistent with the Cepheid distance, even though we have not attempted to tune the underlying hydrodynamical model but have simply chosen the best fits. This is in contradistinction to the expanding photosphere method (EPM), which yields a distance to SN 1999em that is 50% smaller than the Cepheid distance. We emphasize the differences between the SEAM and the EPM. We show that the dilution factors used in the EPM analysis were systematically too small at later epochs. We also show that the EPM blackbody assumption is suspect. Since SNe IIP are visible to redshifts as high as zless than or similar to6, with the James Webb Space Telescope, the SEAM may be a valuable probe of the early universe. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Haute Energies, Paris, France. Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Baron, E (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, 440 W Brooks,Room 131, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM baron@nhn.ou.edu; penugent@lbl.gov; branch@nhn.ou.edu; yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 NR 33 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 616 IS 2 BP L91 EP L94 DI 10.1086/426506 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 875KJ UT WOS:000225418800005 ER PT J AU Herwig, F AF Herwig, F TI Evolution and yields of extremely metal-poor intermediate-mass stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : evolution; stars : interiors ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; 3RD DREDGE-UP; AGB STARS; STELLAR EVOLUTION; LOW METALLICITY; S-PROCESS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CONVECTION; ABUNDANCES AB Intermediate-mass stellar evolution tracks from the main sequence to the tip of the AGB for five initial masses (2 - 6 M-.) and metallicity Z = 0.0001 have been computed. The detailed one-dimensional structure and evolution models include exponential overshooting, mass loss, and a detailed nucleosynthesis network with updated nuclear reaction rates. The network includes a two-particle heavy neutron sink for approximating neutron density in the He-shell flash. It is shown how the neutron-capture nucleosynthesis is important in models of very low metallicity for the formation of light neutron-heavy species, like sodium or the heavy neon and magnesium isotopes. The models have high resolution, as required for modeling the third dredge-up. All sequences have been followed from the pre-main sequence to the end of the AGB when all envelope mass is lost. Detailed structural and chemical model properties as well as yields are presented. This set of stellar models is based on standard assumptions and updated input physics. It can be confronted with observations of extremely metal-poor stars and may be used to assess the role of AGB stars in the origin of abundance anomalies of some globular cluster members of correspondingly low metallicity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. RP Herwig, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM fherwig@lanl.gov NR 48 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 155 IS 2 BP 651 EP 666 DI 10.1086/425419 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 874YH UT WOS:000225386100013 ER PT J AU Baek, SO Jenkins, RA AF Baek, SO Jenkins, RA TI Characterization of trace organic compounds associated with aged and diluted sidestream tobacco smoke in a controlled atmosphere - volatile organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE VOC; ETS markers; PAH; carbonyls; smoking; chamber study ID INDOOR AIR; ENVIRONMENTS; SOLANESOL; SAMPLES; CIGARETTES; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS; EXPOSURE; QUALITY AB In this study, a wide range of volatile organic constituents of aged and diluted sidestream tobacco smoke (ADSS) were determined in a controlled atmosphere, where ADSS is the sole source of target compounds. The ADSS was generated in a 30 m(3) environmental test chamber using a variety of cigarettes, including the Kentucky 1R4F reference cigarette and eight commercial brands, and a total of 24 experimental runs were conducted. Target analytes were divided into three groups, i.e. vapor and particulate phase markers for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), volatile organic compounds (VOC) including carbonyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The VOC samples were collected on triple sorbent traps, and then analyzed by thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), while the carbonyl compounds were sampled on DNPH cartridges, being analyzed by HPLC. ETS particles in the chamber were collected by high volume sampling, and then used for the determination of PAHs by GC/MS. Among more than 30 target VOCs, acetaldehyde appeared to be the most abundant compound, followed by 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, and formaldehyde. The results from the chamber study were further used to generate characterized ratios of selected VOCs to 3-ethenyl pyridine (3-EP), a vapor phase ETS marker. The ratios appeared to be in generally good agreement with published values in the literature. This suggests that the characteristic ratios may be useful for quantifying the impact of ETS on the VOC concentrations in 'real world' indoor environments, which are affected by a complex mixture of components from multiple sources. The yields of ETS markers from this study are all slightly lower than those estimated by other studies, while VOC yields are in reasonable agreement in many cases with values in the literature. Among 16 target PAHs, chrysene appeared to be most abundant, followed by benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The average contents of BaP and BaA in ADSS particles for the commercial brands were 12.8 and 21.5 mug g(-1), respectively. These values are all approximately 1.5-3 times higher than those determined previously by other studies. The average yields of BaP per cigarette were estimated to be 209 and 215 ng for the reference and commercial cigarettes, respectively. Comparison of the PAH data from this study with literature values was complicated by a lack of consistency in cigarette smoke generating methodology among other studies. These data on the cigarette yields of ETS components may provide useful information to studies on the mathematical modeling of indoor air quality regarding tobacco smoke as a source of interest, or to studies on the assessment of human exposure to ETS. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yeungnam Univ, Sch Civil Urban & Environm Engn, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baek, SO (reprint author), Yeungnam Univ, Sch Civil Urban & Environm Engn, Kyongsan 712749, South Korea. EM sobaek@yu.ac.kr NR 48 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 38 BP 6583 EP 6599 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.08.016 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 873HG UT WOS:000225269900013 ER PT J AU Kurata, G Carmichael, GR Streets, DG Kitada, T Tang, Y Woo, JH Thongboonchoo, N AF Kurata, G Carmichael, GR Streets, DG Kitada, T Tang, Y Woo, JH Thongboonchoo, N TI Relationships between emission sources and air mass characteristics in East Asia during the TRACE-P period SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Atmospheric Sciences and Applications to Air Quality CY MAR 11-13, 2003 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE chemical transport model; trajectory analysis; emission inventory; biomass burning; tropospheric composition ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEM-WEST-A; TRANSPORT; AEROSOLS; MODEL; PACIFIC; BIOMASS AB Long-range transport of pollutants influenced by anthropogenic and natural emission sources in East Asia is investigated by using backward trajectory analysis along the NASA TRACE-P flight tracks and a numerical simulation with the three-dimensional chemical transport model (STEM-2k1). Observation-based regional distributions of trace gases are reconstructed using the observations obtained by measurements on board the DC-8 and P3-B aircrafts. Systematic features of the spatial distribution for each species are identified. It is found that the observed concentrations of CO and some NMHCs, and the ratios between these species, are highly associated with the source distribution features and their regional characteristics. Reconstructed fields of the observed and modeled ethane/CO and ethane/propane are found to reproduce well the estimated emission ratios in East Asia. We also investigated the time rate of change of the concentration of species and their ratio along the trajectory. From this analysis the propane/ethane and propane/acetylene ratios are shown to preserve their emission ratios during regional transport. However systematic differences in the propane vs. acetylene/CO relationships are found between the model and observation values. This analysis suggests that further efforts are needed to improve the estimates of biomass burning emissions in SE Asia. The results presented in this paper also suggest ways to further extend the capabilities to derive observation-based inventories. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Ecol Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Ecol Engn, Tempaku Cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. EM kurata@eco.tut.ac.jp RI Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; OI Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 40 SI SI BP 6977 EP 6987 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.062 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880PD UT WOS:000225800800008 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Chin, YP AF O'Loughlin, EJ Chin, YP TI Quantification and characterization of dissolved organic carbon and iron in sedimentary porewater from Green Bay, WI, USA SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dissolved organic carbon; fulvic; humic; iron; lacustrine; porefluid ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PORE-WATER; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; INTERSTITIAL WATERS; NORTH-CAROLINA; MATTER AB Both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron play an important role in biogeochemical processes in lacustrine benthic environments. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that both substances can act as active reductants in the redox transformation of organic pollutants. This paper examines the nature and abundance of DOC and dissolved ferrous iron (Fell) in porewaters from a sediment core collected in Green Bay, W1, USA. The concentration of dissolved Fell and the abundance, absorbance at 280 nm (A(280) (nm)), molar absorptivities (epsilon(280 nm)) molecular weights, and polydispersities of DOC were measured as a function of depth in porewaters. Dissolved Fell concentrations increased from 3.6 muM near the sediment-water interface to 163 muM at a depth of 11 cm, then gradually declined. The DOC distribution varied with sediment depth, with the greatest variation in porewater DOC content and properties occurring in the transitional zone between oxic and suboxic conditions. The down-core porewater DOC profile was characterized by an increase in DOC concentration with depth from 0.64 mM OC at 1 cm to 1.23 mM OC at 13 cm, below which it remained relatively constant. A strong correlation was observed between Fell and DOC concentrations, Suggesting that these constituents co-accumulate in these porewaters. The correlation between the DOC concentration of the porewaters and A(280 nm) was significant, making this parameter a good predictor for DOC concentrations in these waters. The molecular weight distributions of the porewater DOC were primarily monomodal, with relatively low polydispersivities. Weight-average molecular weights ranged from 1505 to 1949 Da. This data set is unique in that it is the first detailed study of a relatively highly resolved DOC profile of benthic porewater in surficial sediment from the Laurentian Great Lakes. C1 Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP O'Loughlin, EJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM oloughlin@anl.gov RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529 NR 63 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD DEC PY 2004 VL 71 IS 3 BP 371 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s10533-004-0373-x PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 892RH UT WOS:000226667200006 ER PT J AU Reilly, C Price, P Gelman, A Sandgathe, SA AF Reilly, C Price, P Gelman, A Sandgathe, SA TI Using image and curve registration for measuring the goodness of fit of spatial and temporal predictions SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE calculus of variations; deformation; dynamic programming; errors-in-variables regression; goodness of fit; image registration; morphometrics; spatial distribution; time series; variance components ID ERRORS; LYNX AB Conventional measures of model fit for indexed data (e.g., time series or spatial data) summarize errors in y, for instance by integrating (or summing) the squared difference between predicted and measured values over a range of x. We propose an approach which recognizes that errors can occur in the x-direction as well. Instead of just measuring the difference between the predictions and observations at each site (or time), we first "deform" the predictions, stretching or compressing along the x-direction or directions, so as to improve the agreement between the observations and the deformed predictions. Error is then summarized by (a) the amount of deformation in x, and (b) the remaining difference in y between the data and the deformed predictions (i.e., the residual error in y after the deformation). A parameter, A, controls the tradeoff between (a) and (b), so that as lambda --> infinity no deformation is allowed, whereas for lambda = 0 the deformation minimizes the errors in y. In some applications, the deformation itself is of interest because it characterizes the (temporal or spatial) structure of the errors. The optimal deformation can be computed by solving a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, or, for a unidimensional index, by using a dynamic programming algorithm. We illustrate the procedure with examples from nonlinear time series and fluid dynamics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Stat, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Reilly, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Biostat, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM cavanr@biostat.umn.edu NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 4 BP 954 EP 964 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00251.x PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 882LB UT WOS:000225939300013 PM 15606416 ER PT J AU Nalla, RK Kruzic, JJ Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO AF Nalla, RK Kruzic, JJ Kinney, JH Ritchie, RO TI Effect of aging on the toughness of human cortical bone: evaluation by R-curves SO BONE LA English DT Article DE cortical bone; aging; fracture toughness; R-curve ID FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; HUMAN COMPACT-BONE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; GROWTH-RESISTANCE; MINERAL-CONTENT; FEMORAL-NECK; MICROCRACKING AB Age-related deterioration of the fracture properties of bone, coupled with increased life expectancy, is responsible for increasing incidence of bone fracture in the elderly, and hence, an understanding of how its fracture properties degrade with age is essential. The present study describes ex vivo fracture experiments to quantitatively assess the effect of aging on the fracture toughness properties of human cortical bone in the longitudinal direction. Because cortical bone exhibits rising crack-growth resistance with crack extension, unlike most previous studies, the toughness is evaluated in terms of resistance-curve (R-curve) behavior, measured for bone taken from wide range of age groups (34-99 years). Using this approach, both the ex vivo crack-initiation and crack-growth toughness are determined and are found to deteriorate with age; the initiation toughness decreases some 40% over 6 decades from 40 to 100 years, while the growth toughness is effectively eliminated over the same age range. The reduction in crack-growth toughness is considered to be associated primarily with a degradation in the degree of extrinsic toughening, in particular, involving crack bridging in the wake of the crack. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 381 Hearst Min Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [5R01 DE015633] NR 42 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1240 EP 1246 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2004.07.016 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 882KV UT WOS:000225938700002 PM 15589205 ER PT J AU Wang, XN AF Wang, XN TI Jet tomography of quark gluon plasma SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Brazilian National Meeting on Particles and Fields CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2003 CL Caxambu, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Phys Soc ID PARTON ENERGY-LOSS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; SCATTERING; DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEI; A+A AB Recent experimental measurements of high pT hadron spectra and jet correlation at RHIC are analyzed within a parton model which incoporates initial jet production and final propagation in heavy-ion collisions. The suppresion of single hadron spectra, back-to-back correlation, their centrality dependence and azimuthal anisotropy point to a dense matter with an initial parton density about 30 times of that in a cold heavy nucleus. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, XN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0103-9733 EI 1678-4448 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4A BP 1288 EP 1294 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 877LR UT WOS:000225572600003 ER PT J AU Reyna, D AF Reyna, D TI Neutrinos at 1%: A reactor based measurement of theta(13) SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Brazilian National Meeting on Particles and Fields CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2003 CL Caxambu, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Phys Soc AB Past studies of neutrinos and the recent results on neutrino mixing have opened up many new possibilities as well as the understanding that neutrino mixing is very different from the better known quark mixing. The last remaining unmeasured component of the neutrino mixing matrix (U,3) also provides a window to understanding neutrino matter effects, the mass hierarchy, and the possibility of measuring leptonic CP violation. A discussion of the benefits and difficulties of pursuing such a measurement with reactor neutrinos will be presented. In addition, possible sites for such an experiment will be discussed, including a location in Brazil. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reyna, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0103-9733 EI 1678-4448 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 4A BP 1434 EP 1442 DI 10.1590/S0103-97332004000700021 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 877LR UT WOS:000225572600021 ER PT J AU Phillips, TJ Potter, GL Williamson, DL Cederwall, RT Boyle, JS Fiorino, M Hnilo, JJ Olson, JG Xie, SC Yio, JJ AF Phillips, TJ Potter, GL Williamson, DL Cederwall, RT Boyle, JS Fiorino, M Hnilo, JJ Olson, JG Xie, SC Yio, JJ TI Evaluating parameterizations in general circulation models - Climate simulation meets weather prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; ECMWF MODEL; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DIGITAL-FILTER; CLOUD; VALIDATION; INITIALIZATION; REANALYSIS; AMIP AB To significantly improve the simulation of climate by general circulation models (GCMs), systematic errors in representations of relevant processes must first be identified, and then reduced. This endeavor demands that the GCM parameterizations of unresolved processes, in particular, should be tested over a wide range of time scales, not just in climate simulations. Thus, a numerical weather prediction (NWP) methodology for evaluating model parameterizations and gaining insights into their behavior may prove useful, provided that suitable adaptations are made for implementation in climate GCMs. This method entails the generation of short-range weather forecasts by a realistically initialized climate GCM, and the application of six hourly NWP analyses and observations of parameterized variables to evaluate these forecasts. The behavior of the parameterizations in such a weather-forecasting framework can provide insights on how these schemes might be improved, and modified parameterizations then can be tested in the same framework. To further this method for evaluating and analyzing parameterizations in climate GCMs, the U.S. Department of Energy is funding a joint venture of its Climate Change Prediction Program (CCPP) and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: the CCPP-ARM Parameterization Testbed (CAPT). This article elaborates the scientific rationale for CAPT, discusses technical aspects of its methodology, and presents examples of its implementation in a representative climate GCM. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-103,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM phillips14@llnl.gov RI Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157 NR 51 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 85 IS 12 BP 1903 EP 1915 DI 10.1175/BAMS-85-12-1903 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 886GM UT WOS:000226214900012 ER PT J AU Mellors, RJ Magistrale, H Earle, P Cogbill, A AF Mellors, RJ Magistrale, H Earle, P Cogbill, A TI Comparison of four moderate-size earthquakes in southern California using seismology and InSAR SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; 1999 HECTOR MINE; SURFACE DEFORMATION; SAR INTERFEROMETRY; DISPLACEMENT FIELD; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE; EARTHS SURFACE; HALF-SPACE; FAULT; SLIP AB Source parameters determined from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements and from seismic data are compared from four moderate-size (less than M 6) earthquakes in southern California. The goal is to verify approximate detection capabilities of InSAR, assess differences in the results, and test how the two results can be reconciled. First, we calculated the expected surface deformation from all earthquakes greater than magnitude 4 in areas with available InSAR data (347 events). A search for deformation from the events in the interferograms yielded four possible events with magnitudes less than 6. The search for deformation was based on a visual inspection as well as cross-correlation in two dimensions between the measured signal and the expected signal. A grid-search algorithm was then used to estimate focal mechanism and depth from the InSAR data. The results were compared with locations and focal mechanisms from published catalogs. An independent relocation using seismic data was also performed. The seismic locations fell within the area of the expected rupture zone for the three events that show clear surface deformation. Therefore, the technique shows the capability to resolve locations with high accuracy and is applicable worldwide. The depths determined by InSAR agree with well-constrained seismic locations determined in a 3D velocity model. Depth control for well-imaged shallow events using InSAR data is good, and better than the seismic constraints in some cases. A major difficulty for InSAR analysis is the poor temporal coverage of InSAR data, which may make it impossible to distinguish deformation due to different earthquakes at the same location. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US Geol Survey, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Mellors, RJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM mellors@geology.sdsu.edu; ahc@lanl.gov; pearle@usgs.gov RI Mellors, Robert/K-7479-2014 OI Mellors, Robert/0000-0002-2723-5163 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 BP 2004 EP 2014 DI 10.1785/0120020219 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 887GI UT WOS:000226293400002 ER PT J AU Rowe, C Christensen, D Carver, G AF Rowe, C Christensen, D Carver, G TI Preface to the Issue Dedicated to the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake Sequence SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Carver Geol Inc, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Rowe, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-11,MS D-408, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM char@lanl.gov; doug@giseis.alaska.edu; cgeol@alaska.com NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 94 IS 6 SU S BP S1 EP S4 DI 10.1785/0120040627 PN B PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 902DG UT WOS:000227331100001 ER PT J AU Roberts, AC Seward, TM Reusser, E Carpenter, GJC Grice, JD Clark, SM Marcus, MA AF Roberts, AC Seward, TM Reusser, E Carpenter, GJC Grice, JD Clark, SM Marcus, MA TI Eyselite, Fe3+Ge34+O7(OH), a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE eyselite; new mineral species; iron germanium oxide hydroxide; X-ray powder data; electron-microprobe data; infrared spectroscopy; micro-XAS study; selected-area electron diffraction; Tsumeb mine; Tsumeb; Namibia AB Eyselite, ideally Fe3+Ge34+O7(OH), is orthorhombic with a P lattice, and unit-cell parameters refined from powder data: a 8.302(4) b 9.718(4), c 4.527(2) A, V 365.2(3) Angstrom(3), a:b:c 0.8543:1:0.4658, Z = 2. The strongest eight lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Angstrom (I)(hkl)] are: 4.105(40)(011), 3.681(100)(111), 3.121(60b)(220,121), 2.92](100)(211), 2.512(40)(13 1), 2.403(90)(320), 1.646(80)(322) and 1.624(50)(142). The mineral occurs on a single specimen originating from the Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Namibia, as very fine-grained aggregates in vugs of massive renierite - germanite - tennantite ore. There are no other associated secondary phases. Individual subhedral to rarely euhedral crystals are platy to very thin prismatic, elongate [001], with a length-to-width ratio of approximately 3:1 and not exceeding 20 mum in maximum length. Typical crystals are 20 X 14 X 1 mum in size. Forms are {100} major, very thin {010}, rounded {011}, and very thin rounded {001} minor. Crystals show growth steps on {100} and are partly hollow. The mineral is dirty brown-yellow (aggregates) to yellow-tan (crystals), opaque (aggregates) to transparent (crystals), with a brownish yellow streak, and vitreous luster. Eyselite is brittle, with an uneven fracture, and is nonfluorescent. The aggregates are soft; D (calc.) is 3.639 g/cm(3) for the empirical formula. It is biaxial positive, and two indices of refraction exceed 1.80; 2V (meas.) is large; pale yellow in plane-polarized light, with no pleochroism, low birefringence. moderate anisotropy, and length-fast. Averaged results of electron-microprobe analyses yield CaO 0.06, Fe2O3 18.54, Ga2O3 1.01. GeO2 77.75, H2O [2.64] (by difference), total [100.00] wt.%. The empirical formula, on the basis of 0 = 8, is (Fe0.933+Ga0.043+)(Sigma0.97)Ge2.984+O6.90(OH)(1.17). The infrared-absorption spectrum shows bands for structural (OH). A micro-XAS study shows that all the Fe is trivalent, and the Ge atoms are probably in octahedral coordination. The mineral's name honors the late Walter H. Eysel, Professor of Crystallography, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat, Heidelberg, Germany, for his contributions to the study of germanates and for his numerous contributions to the Powder Diffraction File. C1 Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. ETH Zentrum, Inst Mineral & Petrog, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Mat Technol Labs, Ottawa, ON K1A 0G1, Canada. Canadian Museum Nat, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Roberts, AC (reprint author), Geol Survey Canada, 601 Booth St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. EM aroberts@nrcan.gc.ca RI Seward, Terry/F-1103-2011; Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 BP 1771 EP 1776 DI 10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1771 PN 6 PG 6 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 898CD UT WOS:000227052600012 ER PT J AU Rajendran, J Gopal, A Durack, L Fisher, D Press, O Eary, J AF Rajendran, J Gopal, A Durack, L Fisher, D Press, O Eary, J TI Comparison of radiation dose estimation for myeloablative radioimmunotherapy for relapsed or recurrent mantle cell lymphoma using I-13 tositumomab to that of other types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma SO CANCER BIOTHERAPY AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE mantle cell lymphoma; radioimmunotherapy; internal dosimetry ID LOW-GRADE; RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY; ANTIBODY THERAPY; PHASE-II; TRANSPLANTATION; DOSIMETRY; ANTI-CD20; SUPPORT; TRIAL; BIODISTRIBUTION AB Patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) demonstrate poor survival after standard treatment. Myeloablative radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using I-131 tositumomab (anti-CD20) has the ability to deliver specific radiation-absorbed dose to antigen-bearing tumor. We reviewed normal organ radiation-absorbed doses in MCL patients. Methods: Records of patients with MCL (n = 25), who received myeloablative RIT between January 1996 and December 2003 were reviewed. Individual patient radiation dosimetry was performed on all patients after a trace-labeled infusion of I-131 tositumomab (mean = 348 MBq), to calculate the required amount of radioactivity for therapy, based on medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) schema. Results: Mean organ residence times (hour) corrected for computed tomography (CT) derived organ volumes for MCL, were as follows: Lungs: 9.0; Liver: 12.4; Kidneys: 1.7; Spleen: 2.17; Whole Body: 62.4 and mean radiation absorbed doses mGy/Mbq were: Lungs: 1.2; Liver: 1.1; Kidneys: 0.85; Spleen: 1.7; Whole Body: 0.21. This is similar to patients with other non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Patients received a mean activity of 21 GBq of I-131 (range, 11.5-41.4) for therapy estimated to deliver 25 Gy to the normal organ receiving the highest radiation-absorbed dose. Conclusion: Myeloablative RIT using I-131 tositumomab results in normal organ radiation-absorbed doses similar to those in patients with other non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and is suitable for treating patients with relapsed or refractory MCL. C1 Univ Washington, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Div Nucl Med, Dept Med Oncol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Rajendran, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, Box 356113, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rajan@u.washington.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA44991, K23 CA 85479] NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1084-9785 J9 CANCER BIOTHER RADIO JI Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 6 BP 738 EP 745 DI 10.1089/cbr.2004.19.738 PG 8 WC Oncology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 893UF UT WOS:000226744200007 PM 15665621 ER PT J AU Davalos, AR Kaminker, P Hansen, RK Campisi, J AF Davalos, AR Kaminker, P Hansen, RK Campisi, J TI ATR and ATM-dependent movement of BLM helicase during replication stress ensures optimal ATM activation and 53BP1 focus formation SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE cancer; DNA damage response; phosphorylation; PML nuclear body ID BLOOM-SYNDROME CELLS; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; DNA-DAMAGE; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; IONIZING-RADIATION; SYNDROME PROTEIN; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; FANCONI-ANEMIA; NUCLEAR-MATRIX; DT40 CELLS AB The BLM helicase, a deficiency that markedly increases cancer incidence in humans, is required for optimal repair during DNA replication. We show that BLM rapidly moves from PML nuclear bodies to damaged replication forks, returning to PML bodies several hours later, owing to activities of the DNA damage response kinases ATR and ATM, respectively. Immunofluorescence and cellular fractionation demonstrate that BLM partitions to different sub-cellular compartments after replication stress. Unexpectedly, fibroblasts lacking BLM were deficient in phospho-ATM (S-1981) and 53-binding protein-1 (53BP1), and these proteins failed to form foci following replication stress. Expression of a dominant p53 mutant or helicase-deficient BLM restored replication stress-induced 53BP1 foci, but only mutant p53 restored optimal ATM activation. Thus, optimal repair of damaged replication fork lesions likely requires both ATR and ATM. BLM recruits 53BP1 to these lesions independent of its helicase activity, and optimal activation of ATM requires both p53 and BLM helicase activities. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. XOMA US LLC, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JCampisi@lbl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG11658] NR 49 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI GEORGETOWN PA 810 SOUTH CHURCH STREET, GEORGETOWN, TX 78626 USA SN 1538-4101 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD DEC PY 2004 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1579 EP 1586 DI 10.4161/cc.3.12.1286 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 902SE UT WOS:000227376000021 PM 15539948 ER PT J AU Gomez-Gardenes, J Floria, LM Peyrard, M Bishop, AR AF Gomez-Gardenes, J Floria, LM Peyrard, M Bishop, AR TI Nonintegrable Schrodinger discrete breathers SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE ARRAYS; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; INTRINSIC LOCALIZED MODES; MODULATIONAL INSTABILITIES; BLOCH OSCILLATIONS; NONLINEAR LATTICES; SOLITONS; DYNAMICS; EQUATION; EXISTENCE AB In an extensive numerical investigation of nonintegrable translational motion of discrete breathers in nonlinear Schrodinger lattices, we have used a regularized Newton algorithm to continue these solutions from the limit of the integrable Ablowitz-Ladik lattice. These solutions are shown to be a superposition of a localized moving core and an excited extended state (background) to which the localized moving pulse is spatially asymptotic. The background is a linear combination of small amplitude nonlinear resonant plane waves and it plays an essential role in the energy balance governing the translational motion of the localized core. Perturbative collective variable theory predictions are critically analyzed in the light of the numerical results. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, Dept Teoria & Simulac Sistemas Complejos, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Univ Zaragoza, Inst Biocomputac & Fis Sistemas Complejos, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Phys Lab, F-69364 Lyon, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gomez-Gardenes, J (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, Dept Teoria & Simulac Sistemas Complejos, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. EM gardenes@unizar.es RI Gomez-Gardenes, Jesus/A-3226-2009; PEYRARD, Michel/C-8494-2014; Floria, Luis Mario/L-7261-2014; Gomez-Gardenes, Jesus/B-5818-2009 OI Floria, Luis Mario/0000-0002-1406-8810; Gomez-Gardenes, Jesus/0000-0001-5204-1937 NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1130 EP 1147 DI 10.1063/1.1811991 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 874VO UT WOS:000225378600034 PM 15568927 ER PT J AU Rivera, MK Daniel, WB Ecke, RE AF Rivera, MK Daniel, WB Ecke, RE TI Coherent vortices in two-dimensional turbulence SO CHAOS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual Gallery of Nonlinear Images CY MAR, 2004 CL Montreal, CANADA SP APS Topical Grp Statist & Nonlinear Phys C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rivera, MK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 4 BP S12 EP S12 DI 10.1063/1.1821773 PG 1 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 874VO UT WOS:000225378600011 PM 15568896 ER PT J AU Yoshida, T Ozaki, T Ohnuki, T Francis, AJ AF Yoshida, T Ozaki, T Ohnuki, T Francis, AJ TI Adsorption of rare earth elements by gamma-Al2O3 and Pseudomonas fluorescens cells in the presence of desferrioxamine B: implication of siderophores for the Ce anomaly SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerium anomaly; siderophores; desferrioxamine B; adsorption; redox potential ID HYDROXAMATE SIDEROPHORES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPLEXES; SEAWATER; OCEAN; FRACTIONATION; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; MINERALS AB We investigated the influence of siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFO) on the adsorption behavior of 11 rare-earth elements (REEs), La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eut, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, and Er, on gamma-Al2O3 and Pseudomonas fluorescens cells at neutral pH. In the presence of DFO, the adsorption of REEs on gamma-Al2O3 and P. fluoreseens cells showed a tendency to decrease with an increase of their atomic number, except for Ce. The adsorption of Ce was significantly lower than those of the neighboring REEs, La and Pr. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis of the Ce-DFO complex showed that Cc was in the tetravalent state. Adding hydroxylammonium reduced the tetravalent Ce in the complex to its trivalent form with the disappearance of the Ce anomaly. These results show that DFO can oxidize Ce(III) to Ce(IV), which was supported by electrochemical experiments. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed that the redox potential of the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) couple in the DFO complex was much lower than the standard redox potential, and that the stability of Ce(IV)-DFO is much higher than that of Ce(III)-DFC. These findings suggest that the Ce anomaly we observed is due to the oxidation of Ce(III)-DFO complex to the more stable Ce(IV)-DFO complex, and that naturally occurring organic ligands can contribute to Ce anomaly observed in the natural environment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yoshida, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM yoshida@sparclt.tokai.jaeri.go.jp NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 212 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.046 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 877YI UT WOS:000225611600004 ER PT J AU Ohnuki, T Sakamoto, F Kozai, N Ozaki, T Yoshida, T Narumi, I Wakai, E Sakai, T Francis, AJ AF Ohnuki, T Sakamoto, F Kozai, N Ozaki, T Yoshida, T Narumi, I Wakai, E Sakai, T Francis, AJ TI Mechanisms of arsenic immobilization in a biomat from mine discharge water SO CHEMICAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomats; arsenic; Gallionella sp; XANES; PIXE; schwertmannite ID GALLIONELLA-FERRUGINEA; IRON; DRAINAGE; BIOFILMS; URANIUM; ENVIRONMENT; BACTERIA; METALS; GROWTH; BIOACCUMULATION AB We studied the mechanism of uptake of arsenic (As) in a bacterial microhabitat, a biomat, from discharged arsenic mine water at pH 4.7 in field and laboratory experiments. The mine water contained a yellowish biomat composed mainly of Fe-bearing compounds and associated microorganisms. Concentrations of As and Fe in the water decreased with increasing distance from the location of the discharge position. The spatial distributions of elements in the biomat collected at 0.3 m downstream from the discharge position, determined by scanning-particle-induced X-ray emission analysis (S-PIXE), indicated that As was co-located with Fe and S in the precipitates. Analyses of the precipitates by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of Fe-S-bearing minerals, such as schwertmannite and an unknown one, having a d-spacing of 3.3 Angstrom. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis of the precipitates indicated that the oxidation states of As and Fe were V and III, respectively, whereas their corresponding oxidation states in the discharged mine water were V and II. After storing fresh mine water, collected 0.3 m downstream of the discharge position, for 17 days there was a decrease in As and Fe concentrations from 1.2 x 10(-6) and 1.8 X 10(-4) mol L-1 to 3.6 x 10(-7) and 2.0 x 10(-5) mol L-1, respectively, with the concomitant formation of a yellowish precipitate. In contrast, in filter-sterilized (0.2 mum) mine water there was no change in their concentrations. Molecular analysis, based on the 16S rDNA fragment extracted from the discharged mine water, indicated that Gallionella sp. was the predominant microorganism present. It is known to form stalk-like and sheath-like compounds that were distinguished in the precipitates by TEM observation. These results demonstrate that As(V) in the discharged mine water is co-precipitated with and/or adsorbed on Fe-S-bearing minerals in the biomat. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Ion Beam Appl Biol, Takasaki, Gumma 3701292, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Radiat Technol Ctr, Takasaki, Gumma 3701292, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohnuki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Shirakata 2, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM ohnuki@sparclt.tokai.jaeri.go.jp RI Wakai, Eiichi/L-1099-2016 NR 43 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2541 J9 CHEM GEOL JI Chem. Geol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 212 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.08.018 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 877YI UT WOS:000225611600008 ER PT J AU Meloni, G Ferguson, MJ Sheehan, SM Neumark, DM AF Meloni, G Ferguson, MJ Sheehan, SM Neumark, DM TI Probing structural transitions of nanosize silicon clusters via anion photoelectron spectroscopy at 7.9 eV SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY MEASUREMENTS; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPECTRA; SI; OPTIMIZATION; IONIZATION; POTENTIALS; EMISSION; DYNAMICS AB Photoelectron spectra of silicon cluster anions as large as Si-35(-), have been obtained with vacuum ultraviolet radiation at 157 nm (7.9 eV). The data show spectroscopic trends consistent with the structural transformation from prolate to more spherical clusters previously observed in ion mobility experiments. In addition, we observe signal at high electron binding energy that may be analogous to the second band seen in the photoemission spectrum of bulk silicon. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dan@radon.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 399 IS 4-6 BP 389 EP 391 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.030 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 874ZS UT WOS:000225389800017 ER PT J AU Chiarappa-Zucca, ML Finkel, RC Martinelli, RE McAninch, JE Nelson, DO Turteltaub, KW AF Chiarappa-Zucca, ML Finkel, RC Martinelli, RE McAninch, JE Nelson, DO Turteltaub, KW TI Measurement of beryllium in biological samples by accelerator mass spectrometry: Applications for studying chronic beryllium disease SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HALF-LIFE; HLA-DP; RADIONUCLIDES; SENSITIVITY; STANDARDS; BE-10; C-14; CELL; AMS AB A method using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has been developed for quantifying attomoles of beryllium (Be) in biological samples. This method provides the sensitivity to trace Be in biological samples at very low doses with the purpose of identifying the molecular targets involved in chronic beryllium disease. Proof of the method was tested by administering 0.001, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 mu g of Be-9 and Be-10 by intraperitoneal injection to male mice and removing the spleen, liver, femurs, blood, lungs, and kidneys after 24 h of exposure. These samples were prepared for AMS analysis by tissue digestion in nitric acid, followed by further organic oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and ammonium persulfate and, last, precipitation of Be with ammonium hydroxide and conversion to beryllium oxide at 800 degrees C. The Be-10/Be-9 ratio of the extracted beryllium oxide was measured by AMS, and Be in the original sample was calculated. Results indicate that Be levels were dose-dependent in all tissues and the highest levels were measured in the spleen and liver. The measured Be-10/Be-9 ratios spanned 4 orders of magnitude, from 10(-10) to 10(-14), with a detection limit of 3.0 x 10(-14), which is equivalent to 0.8 amol of Be-10. These results show that routine quantification of nanogram levels of Be in tissues is possible and that AMS is a sensitive method that can be used in biological studies to understand the molecular dosimetry of Be and mechanisms of toxicity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Adv Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chiarappa-Zucca, ML (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Biol & Nucl Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chiarappazuccal@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1614 EP 1620 DI 10.1021/tx049883o PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600009 PM 15606137 ER PT J AU Dingley, KH Ubick, E Lang, NP Nelson, DO Turteltaub, KW AF Dingley, KH Ubick, E Lang, NP Nelson, DO Turteltaub, KW TI Quantitation of macromolecular targets of heterocyclic amine carcinogens at low dose. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. EM dingleyl@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 1 BP 1757 EP 1757 DI 10.1021/tx049346 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600027 ER PT J AU Li, YW Shawgo, RS Tyler, B Henderson, PT Vogel, JS Langer, RS Brem, H Cima, MJ AF Li, YW Shawgo, RS Tyler, B Henderson, PT Vogel, JS Langer, RS Brem, H Cima, MJ TI C-14-labeled BCNU release kinetics from a drug delivery MEMS device. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ywli@mit.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 3 BP 1757 EP 1757 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600029 ER PT J AU Sandhu, P Vogel, JS Rose, MJ Ubick, EA Brunner, JE Wallace, MA Adelsberger, JK Baker, MP Henderson, PT Pearson, PG Baillie, TA AF Sandhu, P Vogel, JS Rose, MJ Ubick, EA Brunner, JE Wallace, MA Adelsberger, JK Baker, MP Henderson, PT Pearson, PG Baillie, TA TI Evaluation of microdosing strategies utilizing accelerator mass Spectrometry for pharmacokinetic studies in preclinical drug development. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Merck Res Labs, Dept Drug Metab, W Point, PA 19486 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. EM punam_sandhu@merck.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 4 BP 1757 EP 1758 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600030 ER PT J AU Henderson, PT Kim, S Hah, SS AF Henderson, PT Kim, S Hah, SS TI Use of accelerator mass spectrometry to detect the oxidation/nitration of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo2 '-deoxyguanosine. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM henderson48@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 5 BP 1758 EP 1758 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600031 ER PT J AU Neeley, WL Henderson, PT Delaney, JC Essigmann, JM AF Neeley, WL Henderson, PT Delaney, JC Essigmann, JM TI Synthesis and in vivo mutational properties of the guanine oxidation - Nitration product 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Biol Engn Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 17 BP 1760 EP 1760 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600043 ER PT J AU Hah, SS Kim, S Bergt, C Vogel, J Heinecke, JH Henderson, PT AF Hah, SS Kim, S Bergt, C Vogel, J Heinecke, JH Henderson, PT TI Accelerator mass spectrometry for ultrasensitive quantification of modified tyrosine residues following selective introduction of C-14-labeled compounds into peptides. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hah2@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 48 BP 1767 EP 1767 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600074 ER PT J AU Hah, SS Kim, S Henderson, PT AF Hah, SS Kim, S Henderson, PT TI Determination of 14C-labeled 7,8-dihydro-8oxo-2 '-deoxyguanosine incorporation into MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by accelerator mass spectrometry. SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 228th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 22-26, 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hah2@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 12 MA 65 BP 1772 EP 1772 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 881XK UT WOS:000225902600091 ER PT J AU Abrams, BL Holloway, PH AF Abrams, BL Holloway, PH TI Role of the surface in luminescent processes SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LOW-VOLTAGE CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; FIELD EMISSION DISPLAYS; ZINC-SULFIDE PHOSPHORS; THIN-FILM PHOSPHORS; ZNS PHOSPHORS; RECOMBINATION; DEGRADATION; EFFICIENCY; SEMICONDUCTORS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Abrams, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-1421, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Abrams, Billie/C-1668-2012 NR 66 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 104 IS 12 BP 5783 EP 5801 DI 10.1021/cr020351r PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 879ZH UT WOS:000225757500001 PM 15584688 ER PT J AU Love, AH Vance, AL Reynolds, JG Davisson, ML AF Love, AH Vance, AL Reynolds, JG Davisson, ML TI Investigating the affinities and persistence of VX nerve agent in environmental matrices SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chemical weapons; hydrolysis; environmental fate; adsorption isotherm; catalysis ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; O-ETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONOTHIOATE; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; WARFARE AGENTS; HYDROLYSIS; SOIL; CONCRETE; FATE; GD AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine environmental variables that affect the affinities and persistence of the nerve agent O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX) at dilute concentrations in environmental matrices. Quantitative analyses of VX and its degradation products were performed using LC-MS. Batch hydrolysis experiments demonstrated an increasing hydrolysis rate as pH increased, as shown in previous studies, but also indicated that dissolved aqueous constituents can cause significant differences in the absolute hydrolysis rate. Adsorption isotherms from batch aqueous experiments revealed that VX has a high affinity for hydrophobic organics, a moderate affinity for montmorillonite clay, and a very low affinity for an iron-oxyhydroxide soil mineral, goethite. The adsorption on goethite was increased with the presence of dissolved organic matter in solution. VX degraded rapidly when dried onto goethite, when specific adsorption was forced. No enhanced degradation occurred with goethite in small amounts of water. These results suggest that aqueous conditions have important controls on VX adsorption and degradation in the environment and a more mechanistic understanding of these controls is needed in order to enable accurate predictions of its long-term fate and persistence. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Love, AH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 808,L-396, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM love5@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2004 VL 57 IS 10 BP 1257 EP 1264 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.041 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 871GX UT WOS:000225119100003 PM 15519370 ER PT J AU Widlowski, JL Pinty, B Gobron, N Verstraete, MM Diner, DJ Davis, AB AF Widlowski, JL Pinty, B Gobron, N Verstraete, MM Diner, DJ Davis, AB TI Canopy structure parameters derived from multi-angular remote sensing data for terrestrial carbon studies SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Quantifying Terrestrial Carbon Sinks CY SEP, 2002 CL Wengen, SWITZERLAND SP Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, EU, Joint Res Ctr, Global Carbon Project, Australian Greenhouse Off, CSIRO, Swiss Agcy Environm, Forest & Landscape ID VEGETATION STRUCTURE; MULTIANGULAR MEASUREMENTS; LAND-USE; INSTRUMENT; SURFACE; MISR; ATMOSPHERE; FORESTS; UNIQUENESS; RETRIEVAL AB Recent studies have highlighted the importance of vegetation structure, both in the context of landscape dynamics and with regard to ecosystem productivity. This paper addresses the feasibility to retrieve information on canopy structure on the basis of quasi-simultaneous multi-spectral and multidirectional remote sensing measurements from space. After a brief summary of both active and passive remote sensing approaches that are commonly used to address vegetation structure retrievals, this contribution focuses on the state-of-the-art in physically based interpretations relating the anisotropy of multi-directional reflectance measurements to the structure and heterogeneity of the underlying surface. New sets of ecology-oriented parameters are identified that permit a geophysical interpretation of the directional signature of the surface leaving radiation field. The availability of such terrestrial surface structure information, at the within-pixel scale and for the entire globe, will undoubtedly lead to better estimates of ecosystem productivity, carbon stocks and fluxes, as well as changes thereof. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Widlowski, JL (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, TP 440,Via E Fermi 1, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. EM Jean-Luc.Widlowski@jrc.it OI Verstraete, Michel/0000-0003-0968-8721 NR 50 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2004 VL 67 IS 2-3 BP 403 EP 415 DI 10.1007/s10584-004-3566-3 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 899ZE UT WOS:000227183600015 ER PT J AU Xie, D Waas, AM Shahwan, KW Schroeder, JA Boeman, RG AF Xie, D Waas, AM Shahwan, KW Schroeder, JA Boeman, RG TI Computation of energy release rates for kinking cracks based on virtual crack closure technique SO CMES-COMPUTER MODELING IN ENGINEERING & SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE kinking crack; virtual crack closure technique; energy release rate ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; PATH-INDEPENDENT INTEGRALS; MODE FRACTURE PROBLEMS; FINITE-ELEMENT; EXTENSION AB A numerical method based on the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) [Rybicki and Kanninen (1977)] and in conjunction with the finite element (FE) method is presented to compute strain energy release rates for cracks that kink. The method partitions the strain energy release rate and provides an efficient means to compute values of the mode I (G(I)) and mode II (G(II)) energy release rate at the tip of a kinking crack. The solution procedure is shown to be computationally efficient and operationally simple, involving only the nodal forces and displacements near the crack tip. Example problems with kinking cracks in a homogeneous material, and a layered two constituent material are presented to illustrate the current approach. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. DaimlerChrysler Corp Auburn Hills, Sci Labs, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xie, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dcw@umich.edu NR 25 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI ENCINO PA 4924 BALBOA BLVD, # 488, ENCINO, CA 91316 USA SN 1526-1492 J9 CMES-COMP MODEL ENG JI CMES-Comp. Model. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 6 IS 6 BP 515 EP 524 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 882BR UT WOS:000225914000002 ER PT J AU Nikonov, MV Gogolev, AV Tananaev, IG Myasoedov, BF Clark, DL AF Nikonov, MV Gogolev, AV Tananaev, IG Myasoedov, BF Clark, DL TI Study of Am and Pu behavior in alkaline media SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE Am; Pu; alkaline media AB The redox chemical behavior of americium and plutonium species in alkaline media has been studied, mainly two dis/reproportionation reactions: 2 Pu(VI) = Pu(V) + Pu(VII) and Am(III) + Am(V) = 2Am(IV). It was found that Am(VI) is readily reduced by the simple action of water, and that radiolysis has no effect. This is a marked departure from the behavior of Am in other media, where alpha particle self-irradiation generates redox active species that affect the Am oxidation state. An Am(VII) compound has been synthesized. All results are interesting for the treatment of alkaline high-level radioactive wastes. (C) 2004 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, NMT,DO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, VI Vernadskii Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Clark, DL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, NMT,DO, MS-E500, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dlclark@lanl.gov RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 12 BP 1205 EP 1208 DI 10.1016/j.crci.2004.05.004 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 882ON UT WOS:000225948300012 ER PT J AU Kuznetsov, Y Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M AF Kuznetsov, Y Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M TI The mimetic finite difference method on polygonal meshes for diffusion-type problems SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE diffusion equation; locally conservative method; mimetic discretization ID INNER PRODUCTS; GRIDS; EQUATIONS; APPROXIMATIONS AB New mimetic discretizations of diffusion-type equations (for instance, equations modeling single phase Darcy flow in porous media) on unstructured polygonal meshes are derived. The first order convergence rate for the fluid velocity and the second-order convergence rate for the pressure on polygonal, locally refined and non-matching meshes are demonstrated with numerical experiments. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuz@math.uh.edu; lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov NR 23 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 8 IS 4 BP 301 EP 324 DI 10.1007/s10596-004-3771-1 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 940JT UT WOS:000230141500001 ER PT J AU Christensen, KJ Gunaratne, C Nordman, B George, AD AF Christensen, KJ Gunaratne, C Nordman, B George, AD TI The next frontier for communications networks: power management SO COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference onn Performance and Control of Next-Generation Communications Networks CY SEP 09-10, 2003 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, ITCOM DE power management; traffic characterization; desktop computers; proxying ethernet adapter AB Storage, memory, processor, and communications bandwidth are all relatively plentiful and inexpensive. However, a growing expense in the operation of computer networks is electricity usage. Estimates place devices connected to the Internet as consuming about 2%, and growing, of the total electricity produced in the USA-much of this power consumption is unnecessary. Power management is needed to reduce this large and growing energy consumption of the Internet. We see power management as the 'next frontier' in research in computer networks. In this paper, we propose methods for reducing energy consumption of networked desktop computers. Using traffic characterization of university dormitory computers, we show that there is significant idle time that can be exploited for power management. However, current Ethernet adapters in desktop computers lack the capabilities needed to allow existing system power management features to be enabled. We address this problem with a proxying Ethernet adapter that handles routine network tasks for a desktop computer when it is in a low-power sleep mode. This proxying adapter can allow existing power management features in desktop computers to remain enabled and have the computer be 'on the network' at all times. The energy that we expect can be saved is in the range of 0.8-2.7 billion US dollars/year. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Christensen, KJ (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 4202 E Fowler Ave,ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM christen@csee.usf.edu; pgunarat@csee.usf.edu; bnordman@lbl.gov; george@hcs.ufl.edu NR 28 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-3664 J9 COMPUT COMMUN JI Comput. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 27 IS 18 SI SI BP 1758 EP 1770 DI 10.1016/j.comcom.2004.06.012 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 864ZX UT WOS:000224673000002 ER PT J AU Strauss, HR Pletzer, A Park, W Jardin, S Breslau, J Sugiyama, L AF Strauss, HR Pletzer, A Park, W Jardin, S Breslau, J Sugiyama, L TI MHD simulations with resistive wall and magnetic separatrix SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE MHD; resistive wall; magnetic separatrix ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; MODELS AB A number of problems in resistive MHD magnetic fusion simulations describe plasmas with three regions: the core, the halo region, and the resistive boundary. Treating these problems requires maintenance of an adequate resistivity contrast between the core and halo. This can be helped by the presence of a magnetic separatrix, which in any case is required for reasons of realistic modeling. An appropriate mesh generation capability is also needed to include the halo region when a separatrix is present. Finally a resistive wall boundary condition is required, to allow both two dimensional and three dimensional magnetic perturbations to penetrate the wall. Preliminary work is presented on halo current simulations in ITER. The first step is the study of VDE (vertical displacement event) instabilities. The growth rate is consistent with scaling inversely proportional to the resistive wall penetration time. The simulations have resistivity proportional to the -3/2 power of the temperature. Simulations have been done with resistivity contrast between the plasma core and wall of 1000 times, to model the vacuum region between the core and resistive shell. Some 3D simulations are shown of disruptions competing with VDEs. Toroidal peaking factors are up to about 3. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NYU, New York, NY USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Strauss, HR (reprint author), NYU, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY USA. EM strauss@cims.nvu.edu RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.007 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600014 ER PT J AU Kritz, AH Bateman, G Kinsey, J Pankin, A Onjun, T Redd, A McCune, D Ludescher, C Pletzer, A Andre, R Zakharov, L Lodestro, L Pearlstein, LD Jong, R Houlberg, W Strand, P Wiley, J Valanju, P John, HS Waltz, R Mandrekas, J Mau, TK Carlsson, J Braams, B AF Kritz, AH Bateman, G Kinsey, J Pankin, A Onjun, T Redd, A McCune, D Ludescher, C Pletzer, A Andre, R Zakharov, L Lodestro, L Pearlstein, LD Jong, R Houlberg, W Strand, P Wiley, J Valanju, P John, HS Waltz, R Mandrekas, J Mau, TK Carlsson, J Braams, B TI The National Transport Code Collaboration module library SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE NTCC module library AB This paper reports on the progress in developing a library of code modules under the auspices of the National Transport Code Collaboration (NTCC). Code modules are high quality, fully documented software packages with a clearly defined interface. The modules provide a variety of functions, such as implementing numerical physics models; performing ancillary functions such as I/O or graphics; or providing tools for dealing with common issues in scientific programming such as portability of Fortran codes. Researchers in the plasma community submit code modules, and a review procedure is followed to insure adherence to programming and documentation standards. The review process is designed to provide added confidence with regard to the use of the modules and to allow users and independent reviews to validate the claims of the modules' authors. All modules include source code; clear instructions for compilation of binaries on a variety of target architectures; and test cases with well-documented input and output. All the NTCC modules and ancillary information, such as current standards and documentation, are available from the NTCC Module Library Website http://w3.pppl.gov/NTCC. The goal of the project is to develop a resource of value to builders of integrated modeling codes and to plasma physics researchers generally. Currently, there are more than 40 modules in the module library. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. TechX Corp, Boulder, CO USA. NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Kritz, AH (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM kritz@lehigh.edu RI Onjun, Thawatchai/A-3016-2009; Braams, Bastiaan/E-7687-2011; OI Braams, Bastiaan/0000-0003-4086-9969; Carlsson, Johan/0000-0003-4614-8150 NR 1 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.016 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600025 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, JLV AF Lewandowski, JLV TI Characterization of strange attractors in drift wave microturbulence SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE strange attractor; turbulence; driftwave; multigrid ID IN-CELL SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHM AB A multigrid particle-in-cell algorithm for a shearless slab drift wave model with kinetic electrons is presented. The algorithm, which is based on an exact separation of adiabatic and nonadiabatic electron responses, is used to investigate the presence of strange attractors in drift wave turbulence. Although the simulation model has a large number of degrees of freedom, it is found that the strange attractor is low-dimensional and that it is strongly affected by dissipative (collisional) effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lewandowski, JLV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jlewandowski@pppl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 114 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.017 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600026 ER PT J AU Vay, JL Adam, JC Heron, A AF Vay, JL Adam, JC Heron, A TI Asymmetric PML for the absorption of waves. Application to Mesh Refinement in electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell plasma simulations SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE Mesh Refinement; Particle-In-Cell; plasma; absorbing boundary condition ID PERFECTLY MATCHED LAYER AB We present an extension of the Berenger Perfectly Matched Layer with additional terms and tunable coefficients which introduce some asymmetry in the absorption rate. We show that the discretized version of the new PML offers superior absorption rates than the discretized standard PML under a plane wave analysis. We also introduce a new method for applying the Mesh Refinement technique to electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell plasma simulations which takes advantage of the high rates of absorption of the new PML. We present the details of the algorithm as well as a 2D example of its application to laser-plasma interaction in the context of fast ignition. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ecole Polytech, CPHT, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Vay, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jlvay@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.026 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600035 ER PT J AU Wang, WX Tang, WM Hinton, FL Zakharov, LE White, RB Manickam, J AF Wang, WX Tang, WM Hinton, FL Zakharov, LE White, RB Manickam, J TI Global delta f particle simulation of neoclassical transport and ambipolar electric field in general geometry SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE particle-in-cell simulation; delta f method; neoclassical transport; toroidal geometry; ambipolar electric field; finite orbit effect AB A generalized global particle-in-cell (PIC) code has been developed to systematically study neoclassical physics and equilibrium electric field dynamics in general toroidal geometry. This capability enables realistic assessment of the irreducible minimum transport level and the bootstrap current in toroidal systems. The associated analysis takes into account the comprehensive influences of large orbits, toroidal geometry, and self-consistent electric field, for more meaningful experimental comparisons. The simulation model and deltaf algorithm are described, and an interesting new result of non-local ion thermal transport is presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Wang, WX (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wwang@pppl.gov RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.027 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600036 ER PT J AU Samtaney, RS Jardin, SC Colella, P Martin, DF AF Samtaney, RS Jardin, SC Colella, P Martin, DF TI 3D Adaptive Mesh Refinement simulations of pellet injection in tokamaks SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE Adaptive Mesh Refinement; MHD; pellet injection ID HYDROGEN PELLET; ABLATION; EFFICIENCY; PLASMA AB We present results of Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) simulations of the pellet injection process, a proven method of refueling tokamaks. AMR is a computationally efficient way to provide the resolution required to simulate realistic pellet sizes relative to device dimensions. The mathematical model comprises of single-fluid MHD equations with source terms in the continuity equation along with a pellet ablation rate model. The numerical method developed is an explicit unsplit upwinding treatment of the 8-wave formulation, coupled with a MAC projection method to enforce the solenoidal property of the magnetic field. The Chombo framework is used for AMR. The role of the E x B drift in mass redistribution during inside and outside pellet injections is emphasized. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Samtaney, RS (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rsamtaney@pppl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.032 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600043 ER PT J AU Glasser, AH Tang, XZ AF Glasser, AH Tang, XZ TI The SEL macroscopic modeling code SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA AB The SEL (Spectral ELement) macroscopic modeling code for magnetically confined plasma combines adaptive spectral element spatial discretization and nonlinearly implicit time stepping via Newton's method on massively parallel computers. Static condensation is implemented to construct the Shur complement of the Jacobian matrix, which greatly accelerates the linear system solution and distinguishes itself from conventional Newton-Krylov schemes. Grid alignment with the evolving magnetic field, implemented with a variational principle, is a key component of grid adaptation in SEL, and is critical to toroidal plasma applications. Results of 2D magnetic reconnection are shown to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the parallel algorithms built on the Portable, Extensible Toolkits for Scientific Computing (PETSC) framework. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Glasser, AH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop K717, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ahg@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.034 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600045 ER PT J AU Lee, WW AF Lee, WW TI Theoretical and numerical properties of a gyrokinetic plasma: issues related to transport time scale simulation SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE gyrokinetics; particle simulation ID PARTICLE SIMULATION; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; TURBULENT TRANSPORT; ALFVEN WAVES; MODEL; GEOMETRY; ENERGY AB Particle simulation has played an important role for the recent investigations on turbulence transport in magnetically confined plasmas. In this paper, theoretical and numerical properties of a gyrokinetic plasma as well as its relationship with magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are discussed with the ultimate aim of simulating microturbulence on transport time scale using massively parallel computers. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lee, WW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM wwlee@pppl.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 244 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.035 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600046 ER PT J AU Ilin, AV Diaz, FRC Squire, JP Tarditi, AG Carter, MD AF Ilin, AV Diaz, FRC Squire, JP Tarditi, AG Carter, MD TI Improved simulation of the ICRF waves in the VASIMR plasma SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE electromagnetic waves; plasma propulsion; MUMPS solver ID FIELDS AB This paper describes the recent developments in the modeling of the ICRF heating process in the VASIMR plasma using the EMIR code. The latest upgrade of the EMIR model involves a calculation of the parallel electric field component with a warm plasma conductivity model and considers the Doppler shift effect. The code now gives a much more accurate and a more physical solution than in the previous version, but requires a more advanced solver. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Adv Space Prop Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ilin, AV (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Adv Space Prop Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM ilin@jsc.nasa.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j/cpc.2004.06.036 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600047 ER PT J AU Vay, JL Colella, P Friedman, A Grote, DP McCorquodale, O Serafini, DB AF Vay, JL Colella, P Friedman, A Grote, DP McCorquodale, O Serafini, DB TI Implementations of mesh refinement schemes for Particle-In-Cell plasma simulations SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE mesh refinement; particle-in-cell; plasma AB Plasma simulations are often rendered challenging by the disparity of scales in time and in space which must be resolved. When these disparities are in distinctive zones of the simulation region, a method which has proven to be effective in other areas (e.g., fluid dynamics simulations) is the mesh refinement technique. We briefly discuss the challenges posed by coupling this technique with plasma Particle-In-Cell simulations and present two implementations in more detail, with examples. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Vay, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jlvay@lbl.gov NR 2 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.075 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600054 ER PT J AU Bowers, KJ Devolder, BG Yin, L Kwan, TJT AF Bowers, KJ Devolder, BG Yin, L Kwan, TJT TI A maximum likelihood method for linking particle-in-cell and Monte-Carlo transport simulations SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE maximum-likelihood; particle-in-cell; Monte-Carlo; radiography; expectation-maximization; PDF estimation AB The expectation-maximization (E-M) algorithm [Dempster et al., J. R. Stat. Soc. B 39 (1977) 1-38] is a maximum likelihood technique to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of a set of measurements. A high performance implementation of the E-M algorithm to characterize multidimensional data sets using a PDF parameterized as a Gaussian mixture was developed. The resulting PDFs compare favorably to histogram based techniques-no binning artifacts and less noisy (especially in the tails). The motivation, the mathematical properties and the implementation details will be discussed. The PDF estimator is used extensively in the radiographic chain model [Kwan et al., Comput. Phys. Comm. 142 (2001) 263-269] in simulations which quantify bremsstrahlung X-ray emission from rod-pinch diodes and other devices. In these devices, electrons hit an anode and produce X-ray photons. The PIC code MERLIN [Kwan and Snell, in: Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer, 1985] is used to model the dynamics of a low-energy (up to similar to2.25 MeV) radiographic electron source. The photon production is modeled with the Monte-Carlo transport code MCNP [Briesmeister, ed., MCNP-A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, 2000]. The estimator is used to upsample and uniformly weight the PIC electrons to provide a suitable population for the Monte-Carlo calculation that would be computationally prohibitive to generate directly. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp X1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bowers, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp X1, POB 1663,MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kbowers@lanl.gov; bgd@lanl.gov; lyin@lanl.gov; tjtk@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.042 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600056 ER PT J AU Wright, JC Bonoli, PT D'Azevedo, E Brambilla, M AF Wright, JC Bonoli, PT D'Azevedo, E Brambilla, M TI Ultrahigh resolution simulations of mode converted ion cyclotron waves and lower hybrid waves SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE TORIC; ICRF; fast wave; IBW; Bernstein; lower hybrid; simulation; full wave ID PLASMAS AB Full wave studies of mode conversion (MC) processes in toroidal plasmas have required prohibitive amount of computer resources in the past because of the disparate spatial scales involved. The TORIC code [Brambilla, Nucl. Fusion 38 (1998) 1805] solves the linear sixth order reduced wave equation for the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF), in toroidal geometry using a Fourier representation for the poloidal dimension and finite elements in the flux dimension. The range of problems that TORIC can do has been extended through both new serial algorithms and parallelization of memory and processing. The implementation of out-of-core memory management, FFT convolutions, and improved memory management brought MC studies just into range of the serial version of the code running on a NERSC Cray SV1. Some simple tests and arguments show that more resolution than is possible on a single processor system is needed to fully resolve these scenarios. By distributing the large linear system across many processors in conjunction with the out-of-core technique, the resolution limitations are effectively removed. ScaLAPACK is used to do the linear algebra operations and message passing interface (MPI) is used to distribute the significant amount of post-processing. The new parallel version of the code can easily do the most difficult MC problems on present day tokamaks (Alcator C-Mod and Asdex-Upgrade), with only 32 pc from a local Beowulf cluster. Using 48 or more processors admits us to problems in the lower hybrid range of frequencies. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSM, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. IPP, Garching, Germany. RP Wright, JC (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave,NW16-262, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM jcwright@mit.edu NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 330 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.044 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600058 ER PT J AU Sonnendrucker, E Filbet, F Friedman, A Oudet, E Vay, JL AF Sonnendrucker, E Filbet, F Friedman, A Oudet, E Vay, JL TI Vlasov simulations of beams with a moving grid SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE vlasov; phase-space grid; moving grid; beam physics ID EQUATION AB Vlasov simulations can for some situations be a valuable alternative to PIC simulations for the study of intense beam propagation. However, as they rely on a phase-space grid which is fixed for the whole simulation, important computing effort can be wasted in zones where no particles are present at sonic given time. In order to overcome this drawback, we introduce here a new method which makes use of a phase-space grid which is uniform at any given time, but moves in time according to the evolution of the envelope of the beam. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IRMA, UMR 7501 CNRS, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France. MAPMO, UMR 6628 CNRS, Orleans, France. Univ Orleans, Orleans, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sonnendrucker, E (reprint author), IRMA, UMR 7501 CNRS, Strasbourg, France. EM sonnen@math.u-strasbg.fr RI Filbet, Francis/E-4461-2012 NR 3 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 390 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.077 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600066 ER PT J AU Robinson, AC Garasi, CJ AF Robinson, AC Garasi, CJ TI Three-dimensional z-pinch wire array modeling with ALEGRA-HEDP SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE z-pinch; magnetchydrodynamics (MHD); H(curl) multigrid ID EQUATIONS; GRIDS AB An understanding of the dynamics of z-pinch wire array explosion and collapse is of critical interest to the development and future of pulsed power inertial confinement fusion experiments. Experimental results clearly show the extreme three dimensional nature of the wire explosion and collapse process. The physics of this process can be approximated by the resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations augmented by thermal and radiative transport modeling. Z-pinch MHD physics is dominated by material regions whose conductivity properties vary drastically as material passes from solid through melt into plasma regimes. At the same time void regions between the wires are modeled as regions of very low conductivity. This challenging physical situation requires a sophisticated three-dimensional modeling approach matched by sufficient computational resources to make progress in predictive modeling and improved physical understanding. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM acrobin@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 408 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.054 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600069 ER PT J AU Peterson, K AF Peterson, K TI Self consistent impedance determination in multiple circuit paths for resistive magnetohydrodynamic z-pinch flux compression simulations SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE impedance; magnetohydrodynamics; plasma; flux compression; z-pinch; boundary conditions ID MAGNETIC-FLUX; DYNAMIC PLASMAS; IMPLOSIONS; VELOCITY; LINER AB Electromagnetic boundary conditions can be troublesome in multi-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of systems containing complex geometries with multiple circuit paths. Accurate modeling of electromagnetic boundary conditions requires the feedback impedance of conducting plasmas in the computational domain to be modeled self consistently with external circuit boundaries. A new method is presented to dynamically calculate inductive and resistive impedance in multiple circuit paths and determine the electromagnetic boundary conditions in a self consistent manner. The new method was implemented into a two dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamics code in order to simulate azimuthally opposed magnetic flux compression in a z-pinch configuration. Results of the flux compression simulations demonstrate excellent conservation of energy and circuit stability. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. RP Peterson, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1186, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kpeterso@utsi.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.055 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600070 ER PT J AU Pankin, A Bateman, G Budney, R Kritz, A McCune, D Polevoi, A Voitsekhovitch, I AF Pankin, A Bateman, G Budney, R Kritz, A McCune, D Polevoi, A Voitsekhovitch, I TI Numerical techniques used in Neutral Beam Injection modules SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE neutral beam injection; Tokamak; Fokker-Planck equation; Monte-Carlo ID PLASMA; PENETRATION; TOKAMAKS; HYDROGEN AB This paper describes and compares the numerical techniques for computing the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) physics used in NBI modules in several integrated modeling codes. The Monte-Carlo NUBEAM module and the Fokker-Planck NBI ASTRA, DBEAMS, FPP, and NBEAMS neutral beam injection modules are considered. Physics included in these modules is discussed. Resulting electron and ion power heating profiles and particle source profiles for the TFTR discharge 66887 and the JET discharge 52009 are compared when computed with the NUBEAM, NBI ASTRA, DBEAMS and FPP modules. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. ITER, Naka, Ibaraki 310193, Japan. RP Pankin, A (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM pankin@haven.adnc.net NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.056 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600071 ER PT J AU Ethier, S Lin, Z AF Ethier, S Lin, Z TI Porting the 3D gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code GTC to the NEC SX-6 vector architecture: perspectives and challenges SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE vector processor; particle-in-cell; code optimization ID SIMULATION AB Several years of optimization on the cache-based super-scalar architecture has made it more difficult to port the current version of the 3D particle-in-cell code GTC to the NEC SX-6 vector architecture. This paper explains the initial work that has been done to port this code to the SX-6 computer and to optimize the most time consuming parts. After a few modifications, single-processor results show a performance increase of 5.2 compared to the IBM SP Power3 processor, and 2.7 compared to the Power4. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Ethier, S (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ethier@pppl.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 456 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.060 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600076 ER PT J AU Chen, J Breslau, J Fu, G Jardin, S Park, W AF Chen, J Breslau, J Fu, G Jardin, S Park, W TI Symmetric solution in M3D SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas CY SEP 07-10, 2003 CL Falmouth, MA DE symmetry; GMRES; ICCG; LU; speedup; strong diagonally-dominant; moderate diagonally-dominant; weak diagonal dominant AB The coefficient matrices in M3D are reformed here to have symmetric structures. They are further categorized into 3 types: weak diagonally-dominant matrix, moderate diagonally-dominant matrix, and strong diagonally-dominant matrix. The weak diagonally-dominant matrix corresponds to the solution of auxiliary quantity F of the perturbed toroidal flux (I) over tilde with Neumann boundary conditions. The moderate diagonally-dominant matrix corresponds to the solution of the toroidal current C and the scalar potential Phi with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The strong diagonally-dominant matrix corresponds to the solution of the perturbed toroidal flux (I) over tilde, the poloidal flux psi, the pressure p, and the 3 components of velocity: chi, U, and v(psi) with Dirichlet boundary conditions, respectively. We compare LU, GMRES, and ICCG algorithms for linear equation with these 3 types of matrices. It is observed that ICCG greatly accelerates the solution process as compared to GMRES, especially for the weak diagonally-dominant matrix. In this case we achieved 4 to 44 times speedup when the matrix order ranges from similar to 10(1) to similar to 10(4). For the moderate diagonally-dominant case, there is a 4 to 24 times speedup. For the strong diagonally-dominant case, an average 2 times speedup is observed. It is also shown that the GNIRES algorithm is much slower for the weak diagonally dominant type than for the other 2 types: 4.4 times slower than the moderate diagonally-dominant case, 333 times slower than the strong diagonally-dominant case. The LU algorithm is faster than GNIRES for the weak diagonally-dominant matrix since the matrix is strong ill-conditioned, but GNIRES outperforms LU for the strong diagonally-dominant matrix since the matrix is well -conditioned. However, the ICCG algorithm outperforms both ILU and GMRES for all matrix types. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jchen@pppl.gov RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 164 IS 1-3 BP 468 EP 471 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2004.06.063 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 884HE UT WOS:000226074600079 ER PT J AU Schultz, E AF Schultz, E TI Is the US government really getting serious about information security? SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Cyclotron Rd,MS 50A-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eeugeneschultz2@aol.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 8 BP 621 EP 622 DI 10.1016/j.cose.2004.10.009 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 880QK UT WOS:000225804100001 ER PT J AU Lillard, RS Valot, C Hanrahan, RJ AF Lillard, RS Valot, C Hanrahan, RJ TI Relationships between the impedance of oxide scales on martensitic and austenitic steels and corrosion rate in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE austenitic steel; capacitance; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; ferritic steel; liquid lead-bismuth eutectic; mariensitic steel; oxide conductivity; oxide scales; resistance ID COMPATIBILITY TESTS; FLOWING LEAD; OXYGEN AB The impedance properties (resistance and capacitance) of oxide scales on the martensitic/ferritic steel HT-9 and austenitic stainless steel Type 316L (UNS S31603) were examined during immersion in lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) using a technique similar to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These scales were created by preoxidizing the samples in an air/ water vapor environment at 800 degreesC for various times prior to immersion in LBE. Calculation of oxide conductivity for Samples immersed in LBE at 200 degreesC for 200 h yielded sigma(HT9) approximate to 4 x 10(-7) (Omega x cm)(-1) while sigma(316) approximate to 3 x 10(-8) (Omega x cm)(-1). The influence of temperature alone gave the anticipated Arrhenius behavior with E-a equal to 0.12 eV, which is consistent with an electron hopping in ferrites close to the magnetite composition (such as Fex+1Cr2-xO4. The influence of temperature during immersion in LBE deviated from Arrhenius behavior (irreversible). Oxide conductivity data for HT-9 were also used to calculate the corrosion rate using Wagner's oxidation theory. Values of corrosion rate for HT-9 in LBE at 200 degreesC (oxygen saturated) decreased with increasing(g preoxidation time from 0.97 mum/h (preoxidation time = 36 h) to 0.55 mum/h (preoxidation time = 63 h). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5613, Lab Rech Reactivite Solides, F-21078 Dijon, France. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, MST 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lillard@lanl.gov RI valot, christophe/F-4544-2011 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1134 EP 1143 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 878XN UT WOS:000225680800005 ER PT J AU Jones, RH Vetrano, JS Windisch, CF AF Jones, RH Vetrano, JS Windisch, CF TI Stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg and Mg-Al alloys SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloys; magnesium alloys; stress corrosion cracking ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PRECIPITATION; MAGNESIUM; ADDITIONS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rhjones@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD DEC PY 2004 VL 60 IS 12 BP 1144 EP 1154 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 878XN UT WOS:000225680800006 ER PT J AU Jager, HI King, AW AF Jager, HI King, AW TI Spatial uncertainty and ecological models SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material DE spatial sensitivity analysis; geostatistics; neutral model; spatial decision analysis; error budget analysis; error analysis ID SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE; SCALE; RISK; MAPS AB Applied ecological models that are used to understand and manage natural systems often rely on spatial data as input. Spatial uncertainty in these data can propagate into model predictions. Uncertainty analysis, sensitivity analysis, error analysis, error budget analysis, spatial decision analysis, and hypothesis testing using neutral models are all techniques designed to explore the relationship between variation in model inputs and variation in model predictions. Although similar methods can be used to answer them, these approaches address different questions. These approaches differ in (a) whether the focus is forward or backward (forward to evaluate the magnitude of variation in model predictions propagated or backward to rank input parameters by their influence); (b) whether the question involves model robustness to large variations in spatial pattern or to small deviations from a reference map; and (c) whether processes that generate input uncertainty (for example, cartographic error) are of interest. in this commentary, we propose a taxonomy of approaches, all of which clarify the relationship between spatial uncertainty and the predictions of ecological models. We describe existing techniques and indicate a few areas where research is needed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jagerhi@ornl.gov OI Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 8 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.1007/s10021-004-0025-y PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885NE UT WOS:000226163400006 ER PT J AU Meier, A Lin, J Liu, J Li, TN AF Meier, A Lin, J Liu, J Li, TN TI Standby power use in Chinese homes SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Energy and Environment of Residential Buildings in China CY OCT 14-15, 2002 CL Tongji Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tohoku Univ, Dept Architecture & Bldg Sci, Xian Univ Architecture & Technol HO Tongji Univ DE standby power; homes; China; measurements; conservation potential AB This paper presents the first study of standby power use and its saving potential in China. Standby power use refers to power consumed by appliances when they are switched off or are not providing their intended functions. Appliances in 28 urban Chinese homes were surveyed and standby power use was measured. The combined standby power use was about 29 W per home. However, many occupants unplug appliances when not in use, so standby energy use accounts for 50-200 kWh per year in an average urban home. Residential standby power consumption in China requires the electrical output equivalent of at least six 500 MW power plants. Levels of standby power use in Chinese homes are below those observed in developed countries but still high in part because Chinese appliances have higher standby than similar products in developed countries. Existing technologies are available to greatly reduce standby power at low costs. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CEPREI, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. CECP, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Meier, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Bldg 90,Room 2000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM akmeier@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 12 SI SI BP 1211 EP 1216 DI 10.1016/enbuild.2003.10.011 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 867TY UT WOS:000224866600006 ER PT J AU Schulze, RK Hill, MA Field, RD Papin, PA Hanrahan, RJ Byler, DD AF Schulze, RK Hill, MA Field, RD Papin, PA Hanrahan, RJ Byler, DD TI Characterization of carbonated serpentine using XPS and TEM SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; serpentine; lizardite; carbonation; CO2 sequestration; transmission electron microscopy ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; SILICATES; DISPOSAL; GROWTH; CO2 AB With the increasing concentration volume of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, there has been an increasing interest in carbon dioxide sequestration. One method is to store the carbon dioxide in mineral form, reacting solution dissolved CO2 to precipitate carbonates. In order to understand whether or not such an endeavor is feasible, the carbonation reaction must first be understood. In this study, the surface of ground serpentine, untreated, heat treated and following a carbonation experiment, has been characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the mechanism for the reaction involves dissolution of the serpentine through the formation of an amorphous phase and subsequent precipitation of magnesite. The rate limiting step appears to be the diffusion of Mg out of the amorphous phase. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hill, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mahill@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 IS 20 BP 3169 EP 3179 DI 10.1016/j.enconman.2004.02.003 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 850ZF UT WOS:000223652200004 ER PT J AU Huesemann, MH AF Huesemann, MH TI The failure of eco-efficiency to guarantee sustainability: Future challenges for industrial ecology SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID RENEWABLE ENERGY-SOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GROWTH; TECHNOLOGY; POLLUTION; ISSUES; IMPACT; LIMITS AB Western industrialized societies are inberently unsustainable in their present form because they depend almost exclusively on a finite supply of nonrenewable minerals and fossil fuels. In addition, the resulting wastes cause various environmental problems ranging from widespread ecosystem disruptions to global warming. The most common response to these problems has been to promote technological improvements in eco-efficiency, which Welford defined as "adding maximum value with minimum resource use and minimum pollution." Although constructive, improvements in eco-efficiency alone will not guarantee sustainability of industrialized societies because the limited supplies of nonrenewable minerals cannot be extended indefinitely by recycling and substitution, and a transition to renewable and nuclear energy sources would result in significant negative environmental impacts, particularly if deployed on a large scale. In addition, according to the second law of thermodynamics, industrial production technologies have inherently unavoidable environmental impacts. Finally, any hard-won improvements in eco-efficiency will soon be negated if growth in population and consumption is allowed to continue. Consequently, long-term industrial sustainability can be achieved only through a transition to a steady-state economy where the total throughput of matter-energy is kept at a constant and sustainable level. This requires not only improvements in eco-efficiency but also a reassessment of fundamental societal values that erroneously equate material consumption and economic growth with well-being and happiness. (C) 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 23: 264-270, 2004 C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Huesemann, MH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM michael.huesemann@pnl.gov NR 80 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 22 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1002/ep.10044 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 886KV UT WOS:000226227100002 ER PT J AU MacLeod, M McKone, TE Foster, KL Maddalena, RL Parkerton, TF Mackay, D AF MacLeod, M McKone, TE Foster, KL Maddalena, RL Parkerton, TF Mackay, D TI Applications of contaminant fate and bioaccumulation models in assessing ecological risks of chemicals: A case study for gasoline hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; TOXICITY; ASSESSMENTS; POLLUTANTS; MECHANISMS; BURDENS AB Mass balance models of chemical fate and transport can be applied in ecological risk assessments for quantitative estimation of concentrations in air, water, soil, and sediment. These concentrations can, in turn, be used to estimate organism exposures and ultimately internal tissue concentrations that can be compared to mode-of-action-based critical body residues that induce toxic effects. From this comparison, risks to the exposed organism can be evaluated. To demonstrate the use of fate models in ecological risk assessment, we combine the EQuilibrium Criterion (EQC) environmental fate model with a simple screening level biouptake model for three representative organisms: a bird, a mammal, and a fish. This effort yields estimates of internal body concentrations that can be compared with levels known to elicit toxic effects. As an illustration, we present an analysis of 24 hydrocarbon components of gasoline that differ in properties but are assumed to elicit toxicity by a common narcotic mode of action, Results demonstrate that differences in chemical properties and mode of entry into the environment lead to profound differences in the efficiency of transport from emission to target biota. We discuss the implications of these results and draw attention to the insights gained about regional fate and ecological risks associated with gasoline. This approach is suitable for assessing single chemicals or mixtures that have similar modes of action. We conclude that the model-based methodologies presented are widely applicable for screening level ecological risk assessments that support effective chemicals management. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Trent Univ, Canadian Environm Modelling Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,90R-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmacleod@lbl.gov RI MacLeod, Matthew/D-5919-2013 OI MacLeod, Matthew/0000-0003-2562-7339 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 23 BP 6225 EP 6233 DI 10.1021/es049752+ PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 876XU UT WOS:000225532900016 PM 15597875 ER PT J AU Unrine, JM Jagoe, CH AF Unrine, JM Jagoe, CH TI Dietary mercury exposure and bioaccumulation in southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; trophic transfer; amphibian; aufwuchs; bioaccumulation ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE PRECOLLECTION; METHYL MERCURY; SPECIATION; ACCUMULATION; ETHYLATION; AUFWUCHS; WETLAND; METALS; LAKES AB Aufwuchs was collected from three reservoirs, a constructed wetland used for groundwater treatment, and mercury (Hg)-enriched mesocosms to examine the relationship between inorganic Hg and methylmercury concentrations in the diet of tadpoles. Four diets were then formulated with Hg-enriched aufwuchs to concentrations that bracketed those of Hg observed in aufwuchs from the field and reported in the literature from sites contaminated by atmospheric deposition. The diets were fed to southern leopard frog tadpoles in the laboratory for the entire larval period (60-254 d). Metamorphs and tadpoles were analyzed for inorganic Hg and methylmercury contents by gas chromatography-cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. Methylmercury concentration increased with total Hg concentration in aufwuchs, but the proportion of methylmercury to inorganic Hg decreased with increasing total Hg concentration. In the feeding experiment, there was an inverse relationship between Hg exposure concentration and the bioaccumulation factor for each Hg species. We concluded that neither methylmercury nor inorganic Hg in aufwuchs is highly bioavailable to tadpoles and that bioaccumulation is not well explained by a simple partitioning model. This suggests that bioaccumulation factors as currently used are not the best predictors of dietary Hg bioaccumulation. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Unrine, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM unrine@srel.edu NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 15 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 12 BP 2956 EP 2963 DI 10.1897/03-695.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 878XK UT WOS:000225680500022 PM 15648771 ER PT J AU Unrine, JM Jagoe, CH Hopkins, WA Brant, HA AF Unrine, JM Jagoe, CH Hopkins, WA Brant, HA TI Adverse effects of ecologically relevant dietary mercury exposure in southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; amphibian; trophic transfer; development; growth ID MOSQUITOFISH GAMBUSIA-HOLBROOKI; ROOM-TEMPERATURE PRECOLLECTION; STANDARD METABOLIC-RATE; THYROID-FUNCTION; MICROHYLA-ORNATA; CHLORIDE; SPECIATION; METAMORPHOSIS; METHYLMERCURY; POPULATIONS AB Southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) larvae were exposed to experimental diets supplemented with aufwuchs from control and mercury-enriched mesocosms combined in proportions intended to mimic mercury concentrations and speciation in aufwuchs observed from aquatic systems contaminated by atmospheric deposition. Observations on rates of mortality, malformation, and larval growth and development were made for 254 d. Increased incidence of mortality, malformation, and changes in growth and development were observed at concentrations that reflect the highest concentrations expected in the amphibian diet from atmospheric deposition (1,500-3,300 ng Hg/g dry wt). The results of this study are probably more ecologically realistic than results obtained from previous studies of aqueous mercury toxicity and suggest that dietary mercury exposure in habitats contaminated primarily by atmospheric deposition has the potential to cause adverse effects in amphibian larvae. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Unrine, JM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM unrine@srel.edu NR 38 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 12 BP 2964 EP 2970 DI 10.1897/03-696.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 878XK UT WOS:000225680500023 PM 15648772 ER PT J AU Robinson, P MacDonell, M AF Robinson, P MacDonell, M TI Priorities for mixtures health effects research SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM) CY SEP 09-12, 2002 CL Atlanta, GA SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands DE modeling; risk assessment; PBPK; mixtures interactions; chronic disease; susceptibility; toxicokinetics ID ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; PRION PROTEIN; MANGANESE; AGGREGATION; INITIATE; DISEASE; COPPER; TSE AB In order to better inform scientific decision making in the occupational environment, we need a better understanding of the toxicology of mixed exposures. In particular, we need an understanding of the dose-response relationship from the level of individual or population exposure down to the molecular level (and then back up again from the molecular level to the specific health-related response of the organism as a whole). Mixtures toxicology is proving to be different from single-chemical toxicology in several fundamental but barely recognized ways: complex chemical mixtures may consist of thousands of (often unidentified) components, each often at very low doses, but together constituting significant exposure levels; exposure is nearly always via multiple routes, pathways; other stressors such as noise, heat, infection, etc., may play a significant role in the overall environmental health response; interactions are potentially many and varied: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions may occur at the same site, or at different sites via complex physiological processes (including defense mechanisms); cumulative effects of different exposures/stresses over time need to be considered (altering the "baseline" susceptibility of the individual). Knowledge gained in mixtures research should be able to improve current risk assessment and mitigation or intervention methods. In NIOSH's National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) three priority areas have been identified: Epidemiology: Improvement of statistical tools to identify mixed effects from available epidemiological data ("confounding factors are mixtures effects"). Awareness of disease states with significant environmental components (Gulf War Syndrome (GWS), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), etc.). Recognition and investigation of the complexity of disease related responses to multiple (simultaneous and serial) stressors (immune system, endocrine system, nervous system, etc.). Wider emphasis on relatively new concepts such as susceptibility, which links the genetic and environmental components of a disease. Disease itself is of course also a stressor. Laboratory approaches: Methods need to be developed to understand and integrate experimental data from the molecular to the whole organism level for understanding multiple data (proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics/metabonomics) from mixed exposures. Understanding and prediction of precursors to adverse health effects will inevitably lead to identification of useful biomarkers of effect, and to earlier and more effective intervention strategies. We also need to improve our ability to forecast interaction effects from mixed exposures using less costly cellular-based screening tools and computer modeling (e.g. QSAR), and develop improved models for large-scale studies of the nature of chemical interactions that lump responses by chemical classes. Modeling as integrator of data: Development and validation of mechanism-based models and predictive tools are essential for improving current risk assessment processes for mixtures. For example, current linked physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) models for multiple simultaneous exposures to chemicals (such as BTEX) need to be extended to more complex mixtures, and new statistical methods of dealing with possibly thousands of components need to be developed. Ultimately, such models may become an integral part of a model of the "virtual human" via computer simulation. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Robinson, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, POB 31009, Dayton, OH 45437 USA. EM peter.robinson@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 18 IS 3 SI SI BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.01.014 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 876YB UT WOS:000225533600003 PM 21782750 ER PT J AU Fleischer, P Klupfel, P Cornelius, T Burvenich, TJ Schramm, S Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG AF Fleischer, P Klupfel, P Cornelius, T Burvenich, TJ Schramm, S Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG TI The two-proton shell gap in Sn isotopes SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID GENERATOR-COORDINATE METHOD; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES; MEAN-FIELD CALCULATIONS; COLLECTIVE MOTION; EFFECTIVE FORCES; NUCLEI; MODEL; MASS; PARAMETRIZATION AB We present an analysis of two-proton shell gaps in Sn isotopes. As theoretical tool we use self-consistent mean-field models, namely the relativistic mean-field model and the Skyrine-Hartree-Fock approach, both with two different pairing forces, a delta interaction (DI) model and a density-dependent delta interaction (DDDI). We investigate the influence of nuclear deformation as well as collective correlations and find that both effects contribute significantly. Moreover, we find a further significant dependence on the pairing force used. The inclusion of deformation plus correlation effects and the use of DDDI pairing provides agreement with the data. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reinhard, PG (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys, Staudstr 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM reinhard@theorie2.physik.uni-erlangen.de NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1140/epja/i2004-10054-4 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884OV UT WOS:000226095800004 ER PT J AU Sawicka, M Matea, I Grawe, H Grzywaczi, R Pfutzner, M Lewitowicz, M Daugas, JM Brown, BA Lisetskiy, A Becker, F Beiler, G Bingham, C Borcea, R Bouchez, E Buta, A Dragulescu, E de France, G Georgiev, G Giovinazzo, J Hammache, F Ibrahim, F Mayet, P Meot, V Negoita, F De Oliveira-Santos, F Perru, O Roig, O Rykaczewski, K Saint-Laurent, MG Sauvestre, JE Sorlin, O Stanoiu, M Stefan, I Stodel, C Theisen, C Verny, D Zylicz, J AF Sawicka, M Matea, I Grawe, H Grzywaczi, R Pfutzner, M Lewitowicz, M Daugas, JM Brown, BA Lisetskiy, A Becker, F Beiler, G Bingham, C Borcea, R Bouchez, E Buta, A Dragulescu, E de France, G Georgiev, G Giovinazzo, J Hammache, F Ibrahim, F Mayet, P Meot, V Negoita, F De Oliveira-Santos, F Perru, O Roig, O Rykaczewski, K Saint-Laurent, MG Sauvestre, JE Sorlin, O Stanoiu, M Stefan, I Stodel, C Theisen, C Verny, D Zylicz, J TI Beta-decay of Co-71 and (CO)-C-73 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-RICH ISOTOPES; NUCLEAR SHELL-MODEL; ISOMER; IDENTIFICATION; FRAGMENTATION; BEAM; N=40; NI AB A decay spectroscopy study of the neutron-rich cobalt isotopes has been performed using fragmentation of a Kr-86(36+) beam and the new LISE2000 spectrometer at GANIL. For Co-71 and Co-73, the beta-delayed gamma radiation has been observed for the first time, and the half-lives were found to be 79(5) ms and 41(4) ms, respectively. Features of the decay are discussed qualitatively in terms of nuclear models. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. GANIL, F-14076 Caen 5, France. Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Ctr Etud Bruyeres Le Chatel, DIF, DPTA, SPN, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. IFIN, RO-76900 Bucharest, Romania. CEA Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Katholieke Univ Leuven, ILS, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Sawicka, M (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. EM sawicka@fuw.edu.p1 RI Georgiev, Georgi/C-5110-2008; sauvestre, jean-etienne/C-8819-2009; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015; Hammache, Fairouz/K-6132-2016 OI Georgiev, Georgi/0000-0003-1467-1764; THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022; NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 EI 1434-601X J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 3 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1140/epja/i2004-10047-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884OV UT WOS:000226095800015 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Ma, KJ Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Szuba, D Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Stifutkin, A Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Padhi, S Plamondon, M Stairs, DG Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Grijpink, S Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Heusch, C Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Kagawa, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J Ying, C AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Ma, KJ Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Szuba, D Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Stifutkin, A Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Padhi, S Plamondon, M Stairs, DG Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Grijpink, S Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Heusch, C Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Kagawa, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J Ying, C CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Search for a narrow charmed baryonic state decaying to D*(+/-)p(-/+) in ep collisions at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; CONSTRUCTION; RESONANCE; DESIGN; ENERGY AB A resonance search has been made in the D*(+/-)p(-/+) invariant-mass spectrum with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 126 pb(-1). The decay channels D*+ --> D(0)pi(s)(+) --> (K(-)pi(+))pi(s)(+) and D*+ --> D(0)pi(s)(+) --> (K(-)pi(+)pi(+)pi(-))pi(s)(+) (and the corresponding antiparticle decays) were used to identify D*+/- mesons. No resonance structure was observed in the D(*+/-)p(-/+) mass spectrum from more than 60000 reconstructed D*+/- mesons. The results are not compatible with a report of the H1 Collaboration of a charmed pentaquark, Theta(c)(0). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, PL-31007 Krakow, Poland. DESY, Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622 NR 63 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2004-02042-9 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 881JS UT WOS:000225864400002 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Massam, T Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Schneekloth, U Stifutkin, A Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Padhi, S Plamondon, M Stairs, DG Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Grijpink, S Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, H Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Groys, M Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J Ying, C AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Loizides, JH Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Massam, T Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Tandler, J Voss, KC Wang, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Wing, M Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, D Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Dannheim, D Drews, G Fourletova, J Fricke, U Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Labes, H Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Schneekloth, U Stifutkin, A Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Cloth, P Filges, D Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Labarga, L del Peso, J Tassi, E Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Padhi, S Plamondon, M Stairs, DG Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Grijpink, S Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Parenti, A Posocco, M Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, H Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Park, IH Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Groys, M Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Fusayasu, T Kagawa, S Tawara, T Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Inuzuka, M Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Ciborowski, J Luzniak, P Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Riveline, M Everett, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J Ying, C CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Dissociation of virtual photons in events with a leading proton at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; FLAVOR STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; EP COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTION; DIFFRACTIVE SCATTERING; REAR CALORIMETER; LOW Q(2) AB The ZEUS detector has been used to study dissociation of virtual photons in events with a leading proton, gamma*p --> Xp, in e(+)p collisions at HERA. The data cover photon virtualities in two ranges, 0.03 < Q(2) < 0.60 GeV2 and 2 < Q(2) < 100 GeV2, with M-X > 1.5 GeV, where M-X is the mass of the hadronic final state, X. Events were required to have a leading proton, detected in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer, carrying at least 90% of the incoming proton energy. The cross section is presented as a function of t, the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex, Phi, the azimuthal angle between the positron scattering plane and the proton scattering plane, and Q(2). The data are presented in terms of the diffractive structure function, F-2(D(3)). A next-to-leading-order QCD fit to the higher-Q(2) data set and to previously published diffractive charm production data is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015 OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; NR 74 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD DEC PY 2004 VL 38 IS 1 BP 43 EP 67 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2004-02047-4 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 881JS UT WOS:000225864400003 ER PT J AU Muller, F Guenoun, P Delsanti, M Deme, B Auvray, L Yang, J Mays, JW AF Muller, F Guenoun, P Delsanti, M Deme, B Auvray, L Yang, J Mays, JW TI Spherical polyelectrolyte block copolymer micelles: Structural change in presence of monovalent salt SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE LENGTH; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; IONIC-STRENGTH; BRANCHED POLYELECTROLYTES; BRUSHES; POLYMERS; ADSORPTION; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE AB Spherical polyelectrolyte block copolymer micelles were investigated as a function of added NaCl salt concentration using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and Light Scattering (LS). The micelles are formed by the self-association of charged-neutral copolymers made of a long deuterated polyelectrolyte moiety (NaPSSd)(251) and a short hydrophobic moiety (PEP)(52). In presence of salt, the core shape and the aggregation number of the micelles are not, affected. The hydrodynamic radius of the micelle is found to be identical to the radius of the whole micelle deduced from neutron scattering and thus the hydrodynamic radius is a valid measure of the corona thickness. At the lowest salt concentrations investigated the thickness of the corona, R,, remains essentially constant and a contraction is observed above an added-salt concentration c(s) of 2 x 10(-2) M where this crossover concentration corresponds to the average ionic strength of the free counterions in the corona. The contraction takes place while maintaining a rod-like behavior of the chains at short scale and obeys to: R-s similar to c(s)(-0.18). The exponent 0.18 suggests an electrostatic persistence length proportional to the Debye screening length. C1 CEA Saclay, Serv Phys Etat Condense, DRECAM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, Serv Chim Mol, LIONS, DRECAM,Lab Interdisciplinaire Org Nanometr & Supr, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. CEA Saclay, DRECAM, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Waters Corp, Milford, MA 01757 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Muller, F (reprint author), Univ Fribourg, Dept Phys, Soft Condensed Matter Grp, Chemin Musee 3, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. EM guenoun@drecam.saclay.cea.fr RI Auvray, Loic/J-7577-2012 OI Auvray, Loic/0000-0003-1736-5578 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 4 BP 465 EP 472 DI 10.1140/epje/i2004-10079-y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 892UN UT WOS:000226675600013 PM 15599789 ER PT J AU Hawse, JR Hejtmancik, JF Horwitz, J Kantorow, M AF Hawse, JR Hejtmancik, JF Horwitz, J Kantorow, M TI Identification and functional clustering of global gene expression differences between age-related cataract and clear human lenses and aged human lenses SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Abraham Spector International Symposium CY OCT 11-13, 2003 CL Long Isl, NY DE age-related cataract; clear human lenses; gene expression ID ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN; PROTEIN; GLUTATHIONE; CELLS; PROLIFERATION; INHIBITION; CHAPERONE; DAMAGE; MOUSE AB We have examined the gene expression profiles of young, old and cataractous human lenses in order to differentiate those gene expression changes specific for cataract from those also associated with lens aging. Differentially expressed transcripts were identified by oligonucleotide microarray analysis and clustered according to their known functions. Four hundred and twelve transcripts that are increased and 919 transcripts that are decreased were identified at the 2-fold or greater level between epithelia isolated from cataract relative to clear lenses while 182 transcripts that are increased and 547 transcripts that are decreased were identified at the 2-fold or greater level between young and old lens epithelia. Comparison of the cataract gene expression changes with those detected in lens aging revealed that only 3 transcripts exhibited similar trends in gene expression. These data suggest that cataract- and age-specific changes in gene expression do not overlap and provide evidence for multiple cataract- and age-specific gene expression changes in the human lens. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Charles E Schmidt Coll Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. NEI, Ophthalm Genet & Visual Funct Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Kantorow, M (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Charles E Schmidt Coll Sci, Dept Biomed Sci, 777 Glades Rd,POB 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM mkantoro@fau.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY013022] NR 44 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 79 IS 6 BP 935 EP 940 DI 10.1016/j.exer.2004.04.007 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 883EZ UT WOS:000225994600028 PM 15642332 ER PT J AU VerBerkmoes, NC Connelly, HM Pan, C Hettich, RL AF VerBerkmoes, NC Connelly, HM Pan, C Hettich, RL TI Mass spectrometric approaches for characterizing bacterial proteomes SO EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE bacteria; bottom-up MS; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; peptide; protein; proteome; tandem mass spectrometry; top-down MS ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS; LOW-FEMTOMOLE LEVEL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTACT PROTEINS; TOP-DOWN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The emergence of advanced liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technologies for characterizing very complex mixtures of proteins has greatly propelled the field of proteomics, the goal of which is the simultaneous examination of all the proteins expressed by an organism. This research area represents a paradigm shift in molecular biology by attempting to provide a top-down qualitative and quantitative view of all the proteins (including their modifications and Interactions) that are essential for an organism's life cycle, rather than targeting a particular protein family. This level of global protein information about an organism such as a bacterium can be combined with genomic and metabolomic data to enable a systems biology approach for understanding how these organisms live and function. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Genome Sci Technol Grad Sch, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hettich, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hettichrl@ornl.gov RI Pan, Chongle/C-6960-2008; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEYY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-9450 J9 EXPERT REV PROTEOMIC JI Expert Rev. Proteomics PD DEC PY 2004 VL 1 IS 4 BP 433 EP 447 DI 10.1586/14789450.1.4.433 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 939ZY UT WOS:000230114600005 PM 15966840 ER PT J AU Fanchiotti, H Sciutto, SJ Canal, CAG Hojvat, C AF Fanchiotti, H Sciutto, SJ Canal, CAG Hojvat, C TI Analysis of sunspot number fluctuations SO FRACTALS-COMPLEX GEOMETRY PATTERNS AND SCALING IN NATURE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE sunspots; time series; spectrum ID 1/F NOISE; EXPLANATION AB Monthly averages of the sunspot number visible on the sun, observed from 1719, Zurich Observatory, and from 1848 other observatories, have been analyzed. This time signal presents a frequency power spectra with a clear 1/f(alpha) behavior with alpha similar or equal to 0.8 +/- 0.2. The well-known cycle of approximately 11 years, clearly present in the spectrum, does not produce a sensible distortion of that behavior. The eventual characterization of the sun pot time series as a fractal is analyzed by means of the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The jump-size distribution of the signal is also studied. C1 Natl Univ La Plata, Dept Fis, Lab Fis Teor, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Natl Univ La Plata, IFLP, CONICET, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sciutto, SJ (reprint author), Natl Univ La Plata, Dept Fis, Lab Fis Teor, CC 67, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. EM huner@fisica.unlp.edu.ar; sciutto@fisica.unlp.edu.ar; Carlos.A.Garcia@uv.es; hojvat@fnal.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-348X J9 FRACTALS JI Fractals-Complex Geom. Patterns Scaling Nat. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 12 IS 4 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1142/S0218348X0400263X PG 7 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Mathematics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 892FS UT WOS:000226636100006 ER PT J AU Johnston, CA Groffman, P Breshears, DD Cardon, ZG Currie, W Emanuel, W Gaudinski, J Jackson, RB Lajtha, K Nadelhoffer, K Nelson, D Post, WM Retallack, G Wielopolski, L AF Johnston, CA Groffman, P Breshears, DD Cardon, ZG Currie, W Emanuel, W Gaudinski, J Jackson, RB Lajtha, K Nadelhoffer, K Nelson, D Post, WM Retallack, G Wielopolski, L TI Carbon cycling in soil SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; HARDWOOD FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEQUESTRATION; GRASSLANDS; PRAIRIE; SPECTROSCOPY; RESPIRATION; TURNOVER; DIOXIDE AB As yet, nobody knows what effects climate change will have on soil carbon reserves, or how those changes will affect the global carbon cycle. Soils are the primary terrestrial repository for carbon, so minor changes in the balance between belowground carbon storage and release could have major impacts on greenhouse gases. Soil fauna, roots, fungi, and microbes interact with mineral and organic matter to process soil carbon. Studies have been hampered by the difficulty of observing processes beneath the earth's surface, but advances in science and technology are improving our ability to understand belowground ecosystems. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Johnston, CA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Carol.Johnston@sdstate.edu RI Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; Cardon, Zoe/I-2119-2016 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; Cardon, Zoe/0000-0001-8725-7842 NR 39 TC 67 Z9 84 U1 8 U2 76 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 2 IS 10 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0522:CCIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 878ML UT WOS:000225650800012 ER PT J AU Kim, AG Kazonich, G AF Kim, AG Kazonich, G TI The silicate/non-silicate distribution of metals in fly ash and its effect on solubility SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE coal utilization by-product; fly ash; leaching ID COAL; COMBUSTION; PARTICLES AB In a study at DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory, 32 Class F fly ash samples from pulverized coal (PC) power plants were dissolved in concentrated nitric acid and in hydrofluoric acid to estimate the distribution of metals in non-silicate and silicate matrices. Nineteen cations occurred to some extent in both phases. Using a column leaching method, the release of the metals was determined with four leachant solutions; the pH of the leachants ranged between 1.2 and 12. Although the amount of an element extracted from the fly ash was low, solubility in alkaline leachants was correlated with elements in non-silicate compounds. Solubility in acid solutions was correlated more strongly with silicate phase concentration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Kim, AG (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM akim@netl.doe.gov NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD DEC PY 2004 VL 83 IS 17-18 BP 2285 EP 2292 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2004.06.005 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 860QN UT WOS:000224358200005 ER PT J AU Boffelli, D Weer, CV Weng, L Lewis, KD Shoukry, MI Pachter, L Keys, DN Rubin, EM AF Boffelli, D Weer, CV Weng, L Lewis, KD Shoukry, MI Pachter, L Keys, DN Rubin, EM TI Intraspecies sequence comparisons for annotating genomes SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CIONA-INTESTINALIS; GENE; ENHANCERS; TADPOLE; REGIONS AB Analysis of sequence variation among members of a single species offers a potential approach to identify functional DNA elements responsible for biological features unique to that species. Due to its high rate of allelic polymorphism and ease of genetic manipulability, we chose the sea squirt, Gona intestinalis, to explore intraspecies sequence comparisons for genome annotation. A large number of C. intestinalis specimens were collected from four continents, and a set of genomic intervals were amplified, resequenced, and analyzed to determine the mutation rates at each nucleotide in the sequence. We found that regions with low mutation rates efficiently demarcated functionally constrained sequences: these include a set of noncoding elements, which we showed in C. intestinalis transgenic assays to act as tissue-specific enhancers, as well as the location of coding sequences. This illustrates that comparisons of multiple members of a species can be used for genome annotation, suggesting a path for the annotation of the sequenced genomes of organisms occupying uncharacterized phylogenetic branches of the animal kingdom. It also raises the possibility that the resequencing of a large number of Homo sapiens individuals might be used to annotate the human genome and identify sequences defining traits unique to our species. C1 US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genome Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM emrubin@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 4 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 12 BP 2406 EP 2411 DI 10.1101/gr.3199704 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 877EK UT WOS:000225550400004 PM 15545499 ER PT J AU Reeder, RJ Elzinga, EJ Tait, CD Rector, KD Donohoe, RJ Morris, DE AF Reeder, RJ Elzinga, EJ Tait, CD Rector, KD Donohoe, RJ Morris, DE TI Site-specific incorporation of uranyl carbonate species at the calcite surface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEX-FORMATION; GROWTH; LUMINESCENCE; URANIUM; WATERS; XAFS AB Spatially resolved luminescence spectra from U(VI) co-precipitated at the (1014) growth Surface of synthetic calcite single crystals confirm heterogeneous incorporation corresponding to the distribution Of structurally non-equivalent steps composing the vicinal surfaces of spiral growth hillocks. Spectral structure from U(VI) luminescence at the "-" vicinal regions and featureless, weak luminescence at the "+" vicinal regions are consistent with previously reported observations of enrichment at the former sites during calcite growth. Luminescence spectra differ between the non-equivalent regions of the crystal, with the spectral features from the "-" vicinal region corresponding to those observed in bulk calcite samples. Subtle spectral shifts are observed from U(VI) co-precipitated with microcrystalline calcite synthesized by a different method. and all of the U(VI)-calcite sample spectra differ significantly from that of U(VI) co-precipitated with aragonite. The step-selective incorporation of U(VI) can be explained by a proposed model in which the allowed orientation for adsorption of the dominant calcium Uranyl triscarbonate species is controlled by the atomic arrangement at step edges. Differences in the tilt angles of carbonate groups between non-equivalent growth steps favor adsorption of the calcium uranyl triscarbonate species at "-" steps, as observed in experiments. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Environm Mol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, GT Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reeder, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jreeder@stonybrook.edu RI Rector, Kirk/C-3584-2011; Morris, David/A-8577-2012 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 8 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 68 IS 23 BP 4799 EP 4808 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.031 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879CU UT WOS:000225694800003 ER PT J AU Rao, LF Srinivasan, TG Garnov, AY Zanonato, PL Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A AF Rao, LF Srinivasan, TG Garnov, AY Zanonato, PL Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A TI Hydrolysis of neptunium(V) at variable temperatures (10-85 degrees C) SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; HIGH-PRESSURES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; DEGREES-C; WATER; IONIZATION; CONSTANTS; STANDARD; STATE AB Neptunium is one of the few radioactive elements that are of great concern in the disposal of nuclear wastes in the geological repository, due to its hazards and the long half-life of the isotope, Np-237 (t(1/2) = 2.14 X 10(6) years). To understand and predict the migration behavior of neptunium in the geological media, it is of importance to study its hydrolysis at elevated temperatures, because the temperature in the waste package and the vicinity of the repository could be high. Moreover, the chemical analogy between neptunium(V) and plutonium(V) adds even greater value to this investigation, because the latter could exist at tracer levels in neutral and slightly oxidizing waters but is difficult to study due to its rather labile redox behavior. In this work. the hydrolysis of neptunium(V) was studied at variable temperatures (10 to 85degreesC) in tetramethylammonium chloride (1.12 mol kg(-1)). Two hydrolyzed species of neptunium(V), NpO2OH(aq) and NpO2(OH)(2)(-), were identified by potentiometry and Near-IR absorption spectroscopy. The hydrolysis constants (*beta(n)) and enthalpy of hydrolysis (DeltaH(n)) for the reaction NpO2+ + nH(2)O = NpO2(OH)(n)((1-n)) + nH(+) (n = 1 and 2) were determined by titration potentiometry and microcalorimetry. The hydrolysis constants, *beta(1) and *beta(2), increased by 0.8 and 3.4 orders of magnitude, respectively, as the temperature was increased from 10 to 85degreesC. The enhancement of hydrolysis at elevated temperatures is mainly due to the significant increase of the degree of ionization of water as the temperature is increased. The hydrolysis reactions are endothermic but become less endothermic as the temperature is increased. The heat capacities of hydrolysis, DeltaC(p1), and DeltaC(p2), are calculated to be -(71 +/- 17) J K-1 mol(-1) and -(127 - 17) J K-1 mol(-1), respectively. Approximation approaches to predict the effect of temperature, including the constant enthalpy approach, the constant heat capacity approach and the DQUANT equation, have been tested with the data. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Sci Chim, I-35131 Padua, Italy. CNR, Ist Chim Inorgan Superfici, I-35127 Padua, Italy. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LRao@lbl.gov NR 37 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 68 IS 23 BP 4821 EP 4830 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.007 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 879CU UT WOS:000225694800005 ER PT J AU Masiello, CA Chadwick, OA Southon, J Torn, MS Harden, JW AF Masiello, CA Chadwick, OA Southon, J Torn, MS Harden, JW TI Weathering controls on mechanisms of carbon storage in grassland soils SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE pyrophosphate; radiocarbon; soil carbon storage ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND; MINERAL SURFACES; MARINE TERRACES; COASTAL DUNES; ALUMINUM; EXTRACTION; COMPLEXES; SEDIMENTS AB [ 1] On a sequence of soils developed under similar vegetation, temperature, and precipitation conditions, but with variations in mineralogical properties, we use organic carbon and 14 C inventories to examine mineral protection of soil organic carbon. In these soils, 14 C data indicate that the creation of slow-cycling carbon can be modeled as occurring through reaction of organic ligands with Al3+ and Fe3+ cations in the upper horizons, followed by sorption to amorphous inorganic Al compounds at depth. Only one of these processes, the chelation of Al3+ and Fe3+ by organic ligands, is linked to large carbon stocks. Organic ligands stabilized by this process traverse the soil column as dissolved organic carbon (both from surface horizons and root exudates). At our moist grassland site, this chelation and transport process is very strongly correlated with the storage and long-term stabilization of soil organic carbon. Our 14 C results show that the mechanisms of organic carbon transport and storage at this site follow a classic model previously believed to only be significant in a single soil order (Spodosols), and closely related to the presence of forests. The presence of this process in the grassland Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol soils of this chronosequence suggests that this process is a more significant control on organic carbon storage than previously thought. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Masiello, CA (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM masiello@rice.edu RI Masiello, Caroline/A-2653-2011; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Masiello, Caroline/0000-0003-2102-6229; NR 38 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 AR GB4023 DI 10.1029/2004GB002219 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877PY UT WOS:000225583700001 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Gaschen, B Blay, W Foley, B Haigwood, N Kuiken, C Korber, B AF Zhang, M Gaschen, B Blay, W Foley, B Haigwood, N Kuiken, C Korber, B TI Tracking global patterns of N-linked glycosylation site variation in highly variable viral glycoproteins: HIV, SIV, and HCV envelopes and influenza hemagglutinin SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immune escape; N-linked glycosylation; neutralization antibody; variability; virus ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; X-SER/THR SEQUON; TYPE-1 ENVELOPE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; IN-VIVO; CORECEPTOR UTILIZATION; IMPORTANT DETERMINANT AB Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), influenza virus, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have heavily glycosylated, highly variable surface proteins. Here we explore N-linked glycosylation site (sequon) variation at the population level in these viruses, using a new Web-based program developed to facilitate the sequon tracking and to define patterns (www.hiv.lanl.gov). This tool allowed rapid visualization of the two distinctive patterns of sequon variation found in HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV CPZ. The first pattern (fixed) describes readily aligned sites that are either simply present or absent. These sites tend to be occupied by high-mannose glycans. The second pattern (shifting) refers to sites embedded in regions of extreme local length variation and is characterized by shifts in terms of the relative position and local density of sequons; these sites tend to be populated by complex carbohydrates. HIV, with its extreme variation in number and precise location of sequons, does not have a net increase in the number of sites over time at the population level. Primate lentiviral lineages have host species-dependent levels of sequon shifting, with HIV-1 in humans the most extreme. HCV E1 and E2 proteins, despite evolving extremely rapidly through point mutation, show limited sequon variation, although two shifting sites were identified. Human influenza A hemagglutinin H3 HA1 is accumulating sequons over time, but this trend is not evident in any other avian or human influenza A serotypes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Korber, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM btk@lanl.gov OI Foley, Brian/0000-0002-1086-0296; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26503, AI-27757, AI-34251] NR 96 TC 280 Z9 284 U1 2 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1229 EP 1246 DI 10.1093/glycob/cwh106 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 871BL UT WOS:000225104200002 PM 15175256 ER PT J AU Weber, MW Hoffman, DK Hrenya, CM AF Weber, MW Hoffman, DK Hrenya, CM TI Discrete-particle simulations of cohesive granular flow using a square-well potential SO GRANULAR MATTER LA English DT Article DE granular flows; cohesion; agglomeration; molecular dynamics; square-well potential ID STRESS TENSOR; SHEAR-FLOW; FLUIDIZATION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; FORCES AB In the present study, rapid granular flows with attractive inter-particle forces are investigated. In particular, cohesive forces are incorporated into hard-sphere (molecular dynamics) simulations via a square-well potential. The square-well potential treats cohesive forces as both binary and instantaneous. For simple shear flows; an investigation of the input parameter space indicates that two distinct flow regimes are present. For relatively large cohesive forces, the formation of a large, single agglomerate is observed. For moderate cohesive forces, the sheared system is composed of mostly 2-particle, dynamic agglomerates that are fairly evenly distributed throughout the domain. Furthermore, the results for this latter regime indicate that cohesion attenuates the magnitude of the stress components at higher solids fractions (in the collisional regime) as compared to the non-cohesive case. At lower solids fractions (kinetic regime), however the presence of cohesive forces has little impact on the observed stress. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hrenya, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Campus Box 424, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hrenya@colorado.edu NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-7636 J9 GRANUL MATTER JI Granul. Matter PD DEC PY 2004 VL 6 IS 4 BP 239 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s10035-004-0179-5 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 884PA UT WOS:000226096300006 ER PT J AU Breshears, DD AF Breshears, DD TI F. Ward Whicker at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society, Washington, DC 11-15 July 2004 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 568 EP 570 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000145730.52333.97 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 872MX UT WOS:000225212400003 PM 15545758 ER PT J AU Myers, DS AF Myers, DS TI 2004 Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award presented to Ralph H. Thomas at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society, Washington, DC 11-15 July 2004 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Myers, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 571 EP 572 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000145729.70785.b4 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 872MX UT WOS:000225212400004 PM 15545759 ER PT J AU Peterson, SR AF Peterson, SR TI Test of CAP88-PC's predicted concentrations of tritium in air at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tritium; air sampling; emissions; atmospheric; radioactivity; airborne AB Based on annual tritium release rates from the five sources of tritium at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Tritium Research Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratory, the regulatory dispersion and dose model, CAP88-PC, was used to predict tritium concentrations in air at perimeter and offsite air surveillance monitoring locations for 1986 through 2001. These predictions were compared with mean annual measured concentrations, based on biweekly sampling. Deterministic predictions were compared with deterministic observations using predicted-to-observed ratios. In addition, the uncertainty on observations and predictions was assessed: when the uncertainty bounds of the observations overlapped with the uncertainty bounds of the predictions, the predictions were assumed to agree with the observations with high probability. Deterministically, 54% of all predictions were higher than the observations, and 96% fell within a factor of three. Accounting for uncertainty, 75% of all predictions agreed with the observations; 87% of the predictions either matched or exceeded the observations. Predictions equaled or exceeded observations at those sampling locations towards which the wind blows most frequently, except those in the hills Under-predictions were seen at locations towards which the wind blows infrequently when released tritium was from elevated sources. When a high fraction of tritium was from area (diffuse) sources, predictions matched observations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Terr & Atmospher Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Operat & Regulatory Affairs Div, Environm Protect Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Peterson, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Terr & Atmospher Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Operat & Regulatory Affairs Div, Environm Protect Dept, POB 808,L-629, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM peterson49@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 583 EP 595 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000138585.30681.e2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 872MX UT WOS:000225212400008 PM 15545765 ER PT J AU Cheng, YS Guilmette, RA Zhou, Y Gao, J LaBone, T Whicker, JJ Hoover, MD AF Cheng, YS Guilmette, RA Zhou, Y Gao, J LaBone, T Whicker, JJ Hoover, MD TI Characterization of plutonium aerosol collected during an accident SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aerosols; plutonium; accident analysis; exposure; occupational ID DISSOLUTION; LUNG; INHALATION; RETENTION AB This study determined the plutonium particle size distribution and dissolution rate Of (PuO2)-Pu-238 aerosol collected during the 16 March 2000 release of an undetermined amount of (PuO2)-Pu-238 in a room within a plutonium facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The facility has been in operation since 1978 to support the development, fabrication, and testing of Pu-238 heat sources for the U.S. Department of Energy. Several workers were in the room at the time of the release and in vivo study of five of the workers began the day after the exposure event. Four of the subjects subsequently received chelation therapy. Over 30 fixed air filter samplers (FASs) and four continuous air monitors (CAMs) were operating in the room during the radiological release. One 47-mm-diameter glass fiber FAS filter and one 25-cm-diameter mixed cellulose ester CAM filter containing Pu aerosol from the incident were examined in the study described here. Total alpha radioactivity on the filters was determined by gross alpha counting. Isotopic identification of the Pu-238 was made by alpha spectrometry. Film autoradiography was used to characterize the spatial distribution of alpha-emitting particles on the filters. Track-etch autoradiography was used to estimate the distribution of alpha radioactivity in individual plutonium particles on the filters for particle size measurement. The glass fiber filter was then cut into six sections. Particles from two sections were resuspended in alcohol, dispersed as an aerosol using a Lovelace nebulizer, and characterized by aerodynamic diameter using a Lovelace Multi-jet cascade impactor. The measured activity median aerodynamic diameter from the cascade impactor was 4.8 mum with a geometric standard deviation of 1.5. That agreed with the size distribution obtained from the alpha track detection technique. The remaining four filter sections were used in an in vitro dissolution study with synthetic serum ultrafiltrate. The retention of undissolved Pu-238 was consistent with a biphasic exponential function. The majority of the Pu-238 dissolved with a half-time of 900 d. The information on particle size distribution and solubility from this study was useful in assigning a radiation dose to the exposed workers, supporting the decision to administer chelation therapy, and providing a model for characterizing accident-associated aerosols in the future. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87115 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Cheng, YS (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87115 USA. EM ycheng@lrri.org RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 596 EP 605 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000138577.21388.a7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 872MX UT WOS:000225212400009 PM 15545766 ER PT J AU Heath, CW Bond, PD Hoel, DG Meinhold, CB Tenforde, T AF Heath, CW Bond, PD Hoel, DG Meinhold, CB Tenforde, T TI Residential radon exposure and lung cancer risk: Commentary on Cohen's county-based study SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cancer; epidemiology; lungs; human; radon ID NO-THRESHOLD-THEORY; ECOLOGIC DATA; RN-222 EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; DISCREPANCY; SMOKING; LEVEL; INDIVIDUALS; REGRESSION; REJOINDER AB The large United States county-based study (Cohen 1995, 2001) in which an inverse relationship has been suggested between residential low-dose radon levels and lung cancer mortality has been reviewed. While this study has been used to evaluate the validity of the linear nonthreshold theory, the grouped nature of its data limits the usefulness of this application. Our assessment of the study's approach, including a reanalysis of its data, also indicates that the likelihood of strong, undetected confounding effects by cigarette smoking, coupled with approximations of data values and uncertainties in accuracy of data sources regarding levels of radon exposure and intensity of smoking, compromises the study's analytic power. The most clear data for estimating lung cancer risk from low levels of radon exposure continue to rest with higher-dose studies of miner populations in which projections to zero dose are consistent with estimates arising from most case-control studies regarding residential exposure. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Tenforde, T (reprint author), 7910 Woodmont Ave,Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM tenforde@ncrp.com NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000138588.59022.40 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 872MX UT WOS:000225212400014 PM 15545771 ER PT J AU Oertel, CP Giles, JR Thompson, KC Wells, RP AF Oertel, CP Giles, JR Thompson, KC Wells, RP TI In situ depth profiling of Cs-137 contamination in soils at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spectrometry; gamma; soil; contamination; environmental; Cs-137 ID SPECTROMETRY AB Preremediation characterization of Cs-137 Contamination in soils was conducted at the Auxiliary Reactor Area (ARA)-23 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act site, located at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Characterization activities included verification of the lateral extent of the contaminated area using the INEEL vehicle-mounted Global Positioning Radiometric Scanner. The vertical extent of the contamination in select areas of the site was evaluated with an in situ gamma-ray spectrometer, and depth discrete samples were collected at 5-cm depth intervals down to a depth of 20.3 cm. A comparison was made between the depth distribution data from the in situ spectrometric measurements and the physical, depth discrete samples. The results of the study and of the aforementioned comparison indicate that use of in situ high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors during the remediation of the ARA-23 site will aid in directing the depth of excavation, thereby helping to (a) minimize the amount of soils excavated and removed for disposal, and (b) reduce overall project costs. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Oertel, CP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM cpo@inet.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 6 BP 664 EP 669 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000138583.21260.ec PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 872MX UT WOS:000225212400017 PM 15545774 ER PT J AU Che, XL Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Li, ML Yu, YN Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Luo, YX AF Che, XL Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Li, ML Yu, YN Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Luo, YX TI Identification of collective bands in neutron-rich Ru-108 nucleus SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE nuclear structure; collective band; spontaneous fission ID ISOTOPES AB Through measuring high-fold prompt gamma-ray coincidence events following the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 with the Gammasphere detector array, new level scheme in the very neutron-rich Ru-108 nucleus has been established. The ground-state band,the one-phone gamma-vibrational band and a two-quasi-particle band have been confirmed and expanded. Besides, a two-phonon gamma-vibrational band has been identified. From cranked shell model calculations, Ru-108 nucleus may have triaxial deformation with parameters beta(2) = 0.29, gamma = -22 degrees and the band crossing in the yrast band is due to the alignment of two h(11/2) neutrons. The possible configurations for the two-quasiparticle collective band were also discussed. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM chex102@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 28 SU S BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 927UV UT WOS:000229226900015 ER PT J AU Li, ML Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Che, XL Yu, YN Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Luo, YX AF Li, ML Zhu, SJ Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Che, XL Yu, YN Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Luo, YX TI Research on two-quasiparticle bands in Sr-98 SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE spontaneous fission; quasiparticle band; half-life; delay coincidence ID COLLECTIVE BANDS; ROTATIONAL BANDS; NUCLEUS; REGION AB Through measuring high-fold prompt gamma-ray coincidence events of the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 with the Cammasphere detector array, rotational bands in neutron-rich Sr-98 nucleus have been investigated. A deformed K = 3 band built on 1838 keV level has been confirmed and extended. Another deformed K = 6 band based on 2535 keV level ha,; been established. Both bands originate most probably from the nu(9/2) [404] nu(3/2) [411] two-quasiparticle configuration with Omega = broken vertical bar ohm(1)-ohm(2)broken vertical bar and ohm = broken vertical bar ohm(1) + ohm(2 broken vertical bar), respectively. Based on the delay-coincidence measurements, the half-lives for the K = 3 and K = 6 band head levels has bee obtained to be 13 +/- 3 ns and 4.5 +/- 1.0 ns, respectively. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM liml03@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 28 SU S BP 75 EP 77 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 927UV UT WOS:000229226900021 ER PT J AU Luo, SN Swift, DC Tierney, TE Paisley, DL Kyrala, GA Johnson, RP Hauer, AA Tschauner, O Asimow, PD AF Luo, SN Swift, DC Tierney, TE Paisley, DL Kyrala, GA Johnson, RP Hauer, AA Tschauner, O Asimow, PD TI Laser-induced shock waves in condensed matter: Some techniques and applications SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International-Union-of-Crystallography High Pressure Commission Workshop CY AUG 18-24, 2004 CL Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CANADA HO Univ Saskatchewan DE laser shock waves; velocity interferometry; transient X-ray diffraction; ellipsometry; equation of state; spallation ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION; CRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; VELOCITIES; PRESSURE; STRENGTH; SCIENCE; SILICON AB Laser-induced shock waves in condensed matter have important applications in dynamic material studies and high pressure physics. We briefly review some techniques in laser-induced shock waves, including direct laser drive, laser-launched flyer plate, quasi-isentropic loading, point and line imaging velocity interferometry, transient X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy and shock recovery, and their applications to study of equation of state, spallation, and phase transitions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Nevada, Ctr High Pressure Sci & Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. CALTECH, Div GPS, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI Asimow, Paul/E-7451-2010; Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010 OI Asimow, Paul/0000-0001-6025-8925; Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541 NR 49 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 409 EP 422 DI 10.1080/08957950412331331709 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 919JI UT WOS:000228613900003 ER PT J AU Zhao, JY Sturhahn, W Lin, JF Shen, GY Alp, EE Mao, HK AF Zhao, JY Sturhahn, W Lin, JF Shen, GY Alp, EE Mao, HK TI Nuclear resonant scattering at high pressure and high temperature SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International-Union-of-Crystallography High Pressure Commission Workshop CY AUG 18-24, 2004 CL Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CANADA HO Univ Saskatchewan DE laser heating; diamond anvil cell; nuclear resonant scattering; synchrotron radiation ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; IRON; NICKEL AB We introduce the combination of nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy with the laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique for studying magnetic, elastic, thermodynamic, and vibrational properties of materials under high pressures and high temperatures. An Nd:YLF laser, operating in continuous donut mode (TEM01), has been used to heat samples inside a diamond anvil cell from both sides. Temperatures of the laser-heated sample are measured by means of spectral radiometry and by the detailed balance principle of the energy spectra. The temperature measured by the detailed balance principle is in very good agreement with values determined from the thermal radiation spectra fitted to the Planck radiation function up to 1700 K. Nuclear resonant scattering on 57 Fe-containing materials (i.e., Fe, FeO, Fe2O3) has been studied up to 2500 K and 100 GPa. A detailed description of the laser-heating optics, temperature determination, the X-ray monochromatization, and the X-ray focusing optics is given in this article. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Zhao, JY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jzhao@anl.gov RI Lin, Jung-Fu/B-4917-2011; Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 447 EP 457 DI 10.1080/08957950412331331727 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 919JI UT WOS:000228613900005 ER PT J AU Tschauner, O Luo, SN Asimow, PD Ahrens, TJ Swift, DC Tierney, TE Paisley, DL Chipera, SJ AF Tschauner, O Luo, SN Asimow, PD Ahrens, TJ Swift, DC Tierney, TE Paisley, DL Chipera, SJ TI Shock-synthesized glassy and solid silica: Intermediates between four- and six-fold coordination SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International-Union-of-Crystallography High Pressure Commission Workshop CY AUG 18-24, 2004 CL Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CANADA HO Univ Saskatchewan ID PRESSURE-INDUCED TRANSFORMATIONS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; AMORPHOUS TRANSITION; STATISTICAL PHYSICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-BOUNDARY; ALPHA-QUARTZ; SIO2; LIQUID; POLYMORPHISM AB Upon compression, many materials undergo major reconstructions of their structure and bonding, including increases in coordination of atoms and changes in bonding character. While transforming, the materials pass through intermediate states, which are often too transient to be captured and examined. Here we discuss the coordination change in silica as an example of a system where such interesting intermediate structural states have been quenched from shock-experiments. On the basis of these results we suggest a relation between the formation of one of these phases and the extension of the liquid-liquid transition boundary into the stability field of solid silica. We report Raman spectra of shock-retrieved vitreous silica which indicate different compression mechanisms for shock-generated amorphous silica and vitreous silica compressed at 300 K. Static recompression of shock-generated glass leads to an amorphous-crystal transition above 13 GPa. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. CALTECH, Seismol Lab, Lindhurst Lab Expt Geophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Tschauner, O (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM olivert@physics.univ.edu RI Asimow, Paul/E-7451-2010; Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010 OI Asimow, Paul/0000-0001-6025-8925; Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 EI 1477-2299 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 24 IS 4 BP 471 EP 479 DI 10.1080/08957950412331331754 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 919JI UT WOS:000228613900008 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA Sample, BE Suter, GW AF Efroymson, RA Sample, BE Suter, GW TI Bioaccumulation of inorganic chemicals from soil by plants: Spiked solis vs. field contamination or background SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; plant uptake; bioaccumulation; metals; bioavailability; soil ID BIOSOLIDS-AMENDED SOILS; CADMIUM BIOAVAILABILITY; HEAVY-METALS; COPPER; ZINC; PHYTOAVAILABILITY; AVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; LETTUCE; GROWTH AB Risk assessors are often cautioned against the use of tests of highly bioavailable salt solutions added to soil to estimate the bioaccumulation of chemicals from waste site soils by plants. In this investigation, a large number of laboratory and field studies that measured the bioaccumulation of inorganic chemicals in plants were reviewed. The objective was to discern whether or not the relationship between the concentration of the element in aboveground vegetation and that in soil was different if the contamination was aged in the field rather than freshly added to soil in salt solution. For two of the eight elements, selenium and cadmium, salt solution experiments were associated with greater soil-plant uptake ratios than field measurements. Thus, these are not reliable data for use in the derivation of plant uptake regressions for screening-level ecological risk assessments at field sites. In contrast, the plant uptake of arsenic, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc, when added in salt solutions, was generally within the 95% prediction limit of regressions derived from field data. Chemical form, plant taxon, soil type, experimental methodology, and aging may be as important as the source of the chemical in predicting plant uptake of inorganic chemicals from soil. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CH2M Hill Inc, Sacramento, CA USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1117 EP 1127 DI 10.1080/10807030490887177 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 885DU UT WOS:000226138100009 ER PT J AU Dillard, CL Gallagher, TM Bostian, CW Sweeney, DG AF Dillard, CL Gallagher, TM Bostian, CW Sweeney, DG TI Rough surface scattering from exterior walls at 28 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS); radio wave propagation; rough surface; scattering; 28 GHz AB In this study we investigated the Local Multipoint Distribution Service band (28 GHz) rough surface scattering properties of limestone and brick walls. Our ultimate goal is to understand the characteristics of radio paths that involve one or more bounces from these walls. In the experiment described here, we processed impulse response data to produce power delay profiles and calculate relevant channel metrics. In particular, we investigated the scattered signal behavior for different incident angles and transmitter-receiver geometries. Using the reflected pulse width and maximum excess delay derived from each power delay profile, we found that limestone and brick walls exhibited measurable diffuse scattering. The reflected pulse from a limestone wall has more maximum excess delay spread than does a brick wall at the -15 dB power threshold. The mean maximum excess delay for the reflected pulse for the limestone wall measurement configurations was more than twice that of the brick wall. With equal transmitter and receiver distances to the wall, we found that the maximum excess delay decreased and the perpendicular reflection coefficient increased with incident angle. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Wireless Telecommun, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dillard, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, RF & Microwave Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bostian@vt.edu NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 52 IS 12 BP 3173 EP 3179 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.836402 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 877EQ UT WOS:000225551000003 ER PT J AU Klett, JW Trammell, M AF Klett, JW Trammell, M TI Parametric investigation of a graphite foam evaporator in a thermosyphon with fluorinert and a silicon CMOS chip SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE evaporator; fluorinert; graphite foam; thermosyphon ID BOILING HEAT-TRANSFER; SURFACES; PRESSURE AB High thermal conductivity graphitic foam was utilized as the evaporator in a modified thermosyphon. The foam was soldered directly to the back of a silicon CMOS. die and mounted in a standard PGA. Fluorinert FC-87 and FC-72 were evaluated as the working fluids of choice and a variety of variables on the foams were explored. It was found that the density of the foam evaporators affected the thermal performance of the system. However, the fluid level and fluid type had very little effect on the overall performance in the system, making fabrication of a commercial device less challenging. The most significant effect on performance was the modifications to the foam structure. Slotted patterns were found to enhance the rate of return of fluid to the foam closest to the die, thus improving performance. With a slotted foam evaporator, a heat flux of 150 W/cm(2) resulted in wall superheats of only 11 degreesC. The experimental setup used in this research gives accurate measurements of the actual active layer in the chip and temperatures less than 71 C have been achieved at heat fluxes of 150 W/cm(2). This performance is significantly better than any prior literature data. In fact, the graphite foam thermosyphons were shown to outperform spray cooling. In addition, it was found that critical heat flux was not reached in these experiments with graphite foam evaporators at heat fluxes as high as 150 W/cm(2). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klett, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM klettjw@oml.gov RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017 OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 626 EP 637 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2004.831994 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 891YO UT WOS:000226617100007 ER PT J AU Klett, JW Trammell, M AF Klett, JW Trammell, M TI Addendum: Modular heat sinks for desktop computers and other electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klett, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM klettjw@oml.gov RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017 OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 4 IS 4 BP 638 EP 640 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2004.836731 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 891YO UT WOS:000226617100008 ER PT J AU Schuster, GJ Doctor, SR Bond, LJ AF Schuster, GJ Doctor, SR Bond, LJ TI A system for high-resolution, nondestructive, ultrasonic imaging of weld grains SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE nondestructive evaluation; reactor pressure vessel; synthetic aperture focusing technique; ultrasonic imaging; weld grains AB The purpose of nondestructive evaluation is to detect degradation so that corrective action can be taken before the degradation challenges the structural integrity of an industrial system or one of its components. Accurate characterization is required to distinguish progressive degradation from benign material conditions. In nondestructive evaluation, characterization includes quantification and description of location, dimensions, shape, orientation, and composition of an indication of degradation. An imaging system that uses synthetic aperture focusing is one choice for detection and characterization of degradation in welded assemblies. In this paper, the ultrasonic imaging of the intended weld microstructure is reported. New technology invented for this purpose is described. This paper reviews how an ultrasonic imaging system that uses a synthetic lens can have a resolution that approaches the diffraction limit. A constrained solution to the coherent summation problem is presented for near real-time performance in high-resolution synthetic aperture focusing. Data are included to show that nondestructive, ultrasonic imaging of weld grains is practical. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schuster, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM george.schuster@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1526 EP 1532 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.834072 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 872RH UT WOS:000225225500012 ER PT J AU Lagouri, T Adams, D Assamagan, K Biglietti, M Carlino, G Cataldi, G Conventi, F Farilla, A Fisyak, Y Goldfarb, S Gorini, E Mair, K Merola, L Nairz, A Poppleton, A Primavera, M Rosati, S Shank, J Spagnolo, S Spogli, L Stavropoulos, G Verducci, M Wenaus, T AF Lagouri, T Adams, D Assamagan, K Biglietti, M Carlino, G Cataldi, G Conventi, F Farilla, A Fisyak, Y Goldfarb, S Gorini, E Mair, K Merola, L Nairz, A Poppleton, A Primavera, M Rosati, S Shank, J Spagnolo, S Spogli, L Stavropoulos, G Verducci, M Wenaus, T TI A muon identification and combined reconstruction procedure for the ATLAS detector at the LHC at CERN SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Muon identification (MUID) and high-momentum measurement accuracy is crucial to fully exploit the physics potential that will be accessible with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The muon energy of physics interest ranges in a large interval from few GeV, where the b-physics studies dominate the physics program, up to the highest values that could indicate the presence of new physics. The muon detection system of the ATLAS detector is characterized by two high-precision tracking systems, namely the inner detector (ID) and the muon spectrometer, (MS) plus a thick calorimeter that ensures a safe hadron absorption filtering with high-purity muons with energy above 3 GeV. In order to combine the moon tracks reconstructed in the ID and the MS, a MUID object-oriented software package has been developed. The purpose of the MUID procedure is to associate tracks found in the MS with the corresponding ID track and calorimeter information in order to identify unions at their production vertex with optimum parameter resolution. The performance of these two combined systems has been evaluated with Monte Carlo studies using single muons of fixed-transverse momentum and with full physics events. C1 Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Phys Nucl Lab, Thessaloniki 54125, Greece. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, European Org Nucl Res, Geneva, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Naples, FL USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, FL USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tre E Amaldi, Rome, Italy. RP Lagouri, T (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Phys Nucl Lab, Thessaloniki 54125, Greece. EM theodota.lagouri@cern.ch RI spagnolo, stefania/A-6359-2012; OI spagnolo, stefania/0000-0001-7482-6348; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Fisyak, Yuri/0000-0002-3151-8377 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3030 EP 3033 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839102 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879KZ UT WOS:000225718000009 ER PT J AU Behari, S Bacchetta, N Bolla, G Cardoso, G Ciobanu, CI Flaugher, B Garcia-Sciveres, M Haber, C Hara, K Harr, R Hsiung, TH Junk, T Kim, S Lu, RS Lujan, P Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Nord, B Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Schuyler, B Shenai, A Treptow, K Weber, M Zimmermann, S AF Behari, S Bacchetta, N Bolla, G Cardoso, G Ciobanu, CI Flaugher, B Garcia-Sciveres, M Haber, C Hara, K Harr, R Hsiung, TH Junk, T Kim, S Lu, RS Lujan, P Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Nord, B Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Schuyler, B Shenai, A Treptow, K Weber, M Zimmermann, S TI CDF run IIb silicon vertex detector DAQ upgrade SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE DE Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) run IIb; data acquisition; PCI; silicon strip detector; VME AB The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) [1] operates in the beamline of the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at Batavia, IL. The Tevatron is expected to undergo luminosity upgrades (Run IIb) in the future, resulting in a higher number of interactions per beam crossing. To operate in this dense radiation environment, an upgrade of the CDF's silicon vertex detector subsystem and a corresponding upgrade of its VME-based DAQ system has been explored. Prototypes of all the Run IIb SVX DAQ components have been constructed, assembled into a test stand, and operated successfully using an adapted version of the CDF's network-capable DAQ software. In addition, a PCI-based DAQ system has been developed as a fast and inexpensive tool for silicon detector and DAQ component testing in the production phase. In this paper, we present an overview of the Run IIb silicon DAQ upgrade, emphasizing the new features and improvements incorporated into the constituent VME boards and discuss a PCI-based DAQ system developed to facilitate production tests. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Behari, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM behari@fnal.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3047 EP 3054 DI 10.1109/TNS..204.839065 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879KZ UT WOS:000225718000013 ER PT J AU Mendes, PR Abreu, ARC Eremin, V Li, Z Niinikoski, TO Rodrigues, S Sousa, P Verbitskaya, E AF Mendes, PR Abreu, ARC Eremin, V Li, Z Niinikoski, TO Rodrigues, S Sousa, P Verbitskaya, E TI A new technique for the investigation of deep levels on irradiated silicon based on the Lazarus effect SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop/Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (2003 NSS/RTSD/SNPS) CY NOV 15, 2003 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE ID DETECTORS; PARTICLES; RECOVERY AB A new technique for the investigation of deep levels on irradiated silicon by measuring the charge collection efficiency (CCE) of samples from 220 down to 90 K is presented here. The temperature and time dependencies of the CCE have been measured with unprecedented precision and resolution for standard and oxygenated silicon diodes, and the data obtained have been analyzed in the framework of the Lazarus effect and polarization models, extracting information about the radiation-induced deep levels in the materials. Results are presented and discussed in terms of these models and what can be inferred from them when applied to experimental data. C1 LIP, P-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. LIP Lisbon, P-8000117 Faro, Portugal. Univ Algarve, FCT, P-8000117 Faro, Portugal. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Mendes, PR (reprint author), LIP, P-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. EM rato@lip.pt; mabreu@ualg.pt; Vladimir.Eremin@pop.ioffe.rssi.ru; zheng1@bnl.gov; Tapio.Niinikoski@cern.ch; ro-driguessonia@ualg.pt; pe-sousa@ualg.pt; Elena.Verbitskaya@pop.ioffe.rssi.ru RI Rato Mendes, Pedro/F-8827-2010; Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; OI Rato Mendes, Pedro/0000-0001-9929-0869; Abreu, Maria Conceicao/0000-0003-0093-7496 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3069 EP 3075 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839077 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879KZ UT WOS:000225718000016 ER PT J AU Beutler, DE AF Beutler, DE TI 2004 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference Awards Chairman's comments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beutler, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3131 EP 3132 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839500 PN 2 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300003 ER PT J AU Felix, JA Shaneyfelt, MR Fleetwood, DM Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Gusev, EP Fleming, RM D'Emic, C AF Felix, JA Shaneyfelt, MR Fleetwood, DM Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Gusev, EP Fleming, RM D'Emic, C TI Charge trapping and annealing in high-kappa gate dielectrics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE alternative dielectric; annealing; bias dependence; high-kappa; interface trap; MOS capacitor; oxide trapped charge; processing; radiation effects; radiation response; reliability ID OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; METAL-OXIDES; RADIATION; BREAKDOWN; HAFNIUM; SILICON; SIO2; MICROELECTRONICS; RELIABILITY; CAPACITORS AB We examine the radiation response, annealing characteristics, and long-term reliability of capacitors with At gates and Al2O3-SiOxNy gate dielectrics stacks which received a forming gas anneal (FGA) or an O-2 and FG anneal after high-kappa deposition. By comparison to a theoretical capacitance-voltage (CV) curve, the FG annealed devices are found to have a large preirradiation interface trapped charge density of similar to7 x 10(11) cm(-2), whereas devices annealed in O-2 and FG show a large density (similar to9 x 10(11) cm(-2)) of negative bulk charge. The midgap voltage shift (DeltaV(mg)) increases monotonically with dose for both sets of devices, but the O-2 annealed devices exhibit 50% less trapping at a total dose of 2 Mrad(SiO2). The radiation-induced voltage shifts are found to recover during long duration biased anneals as a result of tunneling and thermal annealing. For short times and large biases, the annealing response is found to be dominated by tunneling. After 1,000 s of annealing, there is a 50% reduction in DeltaV(mg) for devices annealed at 2.0 MV/cm and a 7.5% recovery for devices annealed at 1.0 NIV/cm. For longer times, the annealing response of these devices is dominated by thermal annealing. Accelerated life testing shows these devices have a broad failure distribution with a large population of extrinsic failures. Extrapolation of the reliability data suggests these particular devices would have to be operated at an electric field less than similar to2.5 MV/cm to achieve a ten-year operational lifetime. Improved reliability is, therefore, required before insertion into a manufacturing environment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jafelix@sandia.gov RI Fleming, Robert/B-1248-2008 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3143 EP 3149 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839204 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300008 ER PT J AU Cester, A Gerardin, S Paccagnella, A Schwank, JR Vizkelethy, G Candelori, A Ghidini, G AF Cester, A Gerardin, S Paccagnella, A Schwank, JR Vizkelethy, G Candelori, A Ghidini, G TI Drain current decrease in MOSFETs after heavy ion irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE ID THIN GATE OXIDES; INDUCED LEAKAGE CURRENT; INDUCED SOFT BREAKDOWN; SINGLE HARD ERRORS; RELIABILITY DEGRADATION; WEAR-OUT; DEPENDENCE; OPERATION; RUPTURE; DEVICES AB In this work, we have focused our attention on MOS-FETs, which are the real basic elements of all CMOS applications. We have studied the immediate and latent effects produced by heavy ion irradiation on MOSFETs with ultrathin gate oxide, even after electrical stresses subsequent to irradiation. We found that a single ion can generate a physically damaged region (PDR) localized in the Si-SiO2 interface, which may hamper the surface channel formation. In order to generate a PDR the ion hit must be close enough to MOSFET borders, i.e., in correspondence with the STI or the LDD spacer. Consequently, if both MOSFET W and L are large enough only few ion hits may give place to a PDR, mitigating the radiation damage. Finally we have developed an original model to describe the impact of the PDR on channel conductance in the ohmic linear region. On the basis of this model, we predicte a PDR size around 0.2-1 mum. C1 Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. ST Microelect, I-20041 Agrate Brianza, Italy. RP Cester, A (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Ingn Informaz, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM cester@dei.unipd.it; simone.gerardin@dei.unipd.it; paccag@dei.unipd.it; schwankjr@sandia.gov; gvizkel@sandia.gov; gabriella.ghidini@st.com RI Cester, Andrea/H-1683-2015 OI Cester, Andrea/0000-0001-6583-1735 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3150 EP 3157 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839203 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300009 ER PT J AU Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Fleetwood, DM Pease, RL Felix, JA Dodd, PE Maher, MC AF Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Fleetwood, DM Pease, RL Felix, JA Dodd, PE Maher, MC TI Annealing behavior of linear bipolar devices with enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE bipolar linear integrated circuits; defect annealing; enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity; hardness assurance testing; integrated circuit reliability; integrated circuit testing; passivation layers; pre-irradiation elevated temperature stress; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation response; thermal cycling; thermal stress effects; thermal stresses ID LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; POSTIRRADIATION RESPONSE; IONIZING-RADIATION; PASSIVATION LAYERS; GAIN DEGRADATION; INTERFACE TRAPS; BORDER TRAPS; TRANSISTORS; MICROCIRCUITS; ELECTRONICS AB The post-irradiation annealing behavior of total dose degradation in LM139 comparators fabricated in National Semiconductor Corporation's (NSC) enhanced low-dose-rate sensitive (ELDRS) linear bipolar technology is examined. Data show that a large fraction of the radiation-induced increase in input bias current recovers after a 100degrees C anneal. The recovery in input bias cur- rent is linked to a significant amount of interface-trap annealing at 100degreesC. This is qualitatively consistent with previous data on interface-trap annealing and recent models for interface-trap annealing associated with hydrogen motion at the silicon/silcon dioxide interface. The annealing results have implications for hardness assurance testing. If the radiation induced charge that is responsible for ELDRS (whether it be interface or border traps) can anneal at 100degreesC, these data suggest that elevated temperature irradiations sometimes used to bound the ELDRS response of ICs may also cause some annealing of radiation-induced charge. These data help explain why high-dose-rate irradiations at elevated temperatures in some cases underestimate low-dose-rate degradation. In addition, these data confirm that high-dose-rate irradiations followed by elevated temperature anneals do not mimic the mechanisms that cause enhanced degradation at low dose rates in devices with ELDRS. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. RP Shaneyfelt, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM shaneymr@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3172 EP 3177 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839200 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300012 ER PT J AU Xiong, HD Jun, B Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Schwank, JR AF Xiong, HD Jun, B Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD Schwank, JR TI Charge trapping and low frequency noise in SOI buried oxides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE 1/f noise; charge trapping; electron traps; oxygen vacancies; radiation effects; Si implantation; silicon-on-insulator (SOI); total ionizing dose ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; 1/F NOISE; MOS DEVICES; SEMICONDUCTOR TRANSISTORS; RADIATION RESPONSE; ION-IMPLANTATION; THERMAL OXIDES; HOLE; ELECTRON; MOSFETS AB We have studied the 1/f noise and total-dose response associated with the buried oxides (BOX) of fully depleted nMOS silicon-on-insulators (SOI) transistors. Silicon implantation in the BOX creates a higher density of oxygen vacancy-related defects that reduce the net oxide-trap charge, but increase the back-channel 1/f noise. The 1/f noise of MOSFETs fabricated on silicon-implanted SOI BOX shows little change after 1 Mrad(SiO2) irradiation. Silicon implantation also creates shallow electron traps in the BOX, leading to large bias instabilities. Whether these traps are filled or empty does not significantly affect the 1/f noise. A detailed study of the 1/f noise, temperature dependence of charge trapping, and radiation response of these SOI nMOSFET transistors shows that charge exchange with shallow electron. traps in the BOX occurs mostly via tunneling. Low frequency noise in the double-gate (DG) mode of device operation is also investigated, and found to help mitigate the 1/f noise in fully depleted SOI MOSFETs. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Xiong, HD (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM hao.xiong@vanderbilt.edu; bongimjun@vanderbilt.edu; dan.fleetwood@vanderbilt.edu; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; schwanjr@sandia.gov RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3238 EP 3242 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839139 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300022 ER PT J AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V Vizkelethy, G Paillet, P Torres, A Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Baggio, J de Pontcharra, JD Tosti, L AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V Vizkelethy, G Paillet, P Torres, A Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Baggio, J de Pontcharra, JD Tosti, L TI Charge enhancement effect in NMOS bulk transistors induced by heavy ion irradiation - Comparison with SOI SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE bipolar amplification; bulk and SOI transistors; charge collection; heavy ion irradiation; transport by funnelling and diffusion ID SINGLE-EVENT UPSET; SILICON DEVICES; N-TYPE; COLLECTION; TECHNOLOGIES; SEU; SRAMS; DIFFUSION; RADIATION; SNAPBACK AB This paper investigates the charge collection mechanisms occurring in heavy ion irradiated metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices. The parasitic bipolar effect, inherent to the structure of SOI transistors, is shown to exist in bulk NMOS transistors as well. We experimentally show that the drain junction of an OFF-state bulk MOS transistor collects more charge than an identical junction isolated from neighboring elements. In other words, the proximity of the source junction and the triggering of the bipolar-like structure are responsible of charge amplification. A higher current peak on the drain is observed, and this enhancement effect is high enough to invalidate usual charge collection models based only on funnel and diffusion transport. Thus, the proximity of other junctions has to be considered to improve charge collection model in bulk technologies. C1 CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CEA, LETI, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. EM veronique.ferlet@cea.fr NR 37 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3255 EP 3262 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839167 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300025 ER PT J AU Lum, GK Boruta, N Baker, JM Robinette, L Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Felix, JA AF Lum, GK Boruta, N Baker, JM Robinette, L Shaneyfelt, MR Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Felix, JA TI New experimental findings for single-event gate rupture in MOS capacitors and linear devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE catastrophic gate oxide failure; dielectric gate rupture; linear devices; single-event gate rupture (SEGR) ID CHARGE COLLECTION; POWER MOSFETS; ENERGY; DEPENDENCE; IMPACT AB Mechanisms for single-event gate rupture (SEGR) in MOS capacitors and linear integrated circuits (ICs) are explored at ion energies greater than 1 GeV. We find that SEGR thresholds depend strongly on ion energy, but are independent of oxide defects, bias polarity, doping concentration, and ionizing dose. The number of SEGR strikes across a MOS capacitor was measured, and the SEGR response cross section distinctly shows an electric field threshold. The importance of having stiffening and speedup capacitors at the device is discussed. C1 Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lum, GK (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. EM gary.lum@lmco.com NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3263 EP 3269 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.840262 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300026 ER PT J AU Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Schwank, JR AF Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Schwank, JR TI Production and propagation of single-event transients in high-speed digital logic ICs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE integrated circuit reliability; integrated circuit scaling; integrated circuit testing; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation response; single event effects; single event transient; single event upset ID UPSET; SIMULATION; RATES; BULK AB The production and propagation of single-event transients in scaled metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) digital logic circuits are examined. Scaling trends to the 100-nm technology node are explored using three-dimensional mixed-level simulations, including both bulk CMOS and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technologies. Significant transients in deep submicron circuits are predicted for particle strikes with linear energy transfer as low as 2 MeV-cm(2)/mg, and unattenuated propagation of such transients can occur in bulk CMOS circuits at the 100-mu technology node. Transients approaching 1 ns in duration are predicted in bulk CMOS circuits. Body-tied SOI circuits produce much shorter transients than their bulk counterparts, making them more amenable to transient filtering schemes based on temporal redundancy. Body-tied SOI circuits also maintain a significant advantage in single-event transient immunity with scaling. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dodd, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pedodd@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 162 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3278 EP 3284 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839172 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300028 ER PT J AU Swift, GM Rezgui, S George, J Carmichael, C Napier, M Maksymowicz, J Moore, J Lesea, A Koga, R Wrobel, TF AF Swift, GM Rezgui, S George, J Carmichael, C Napier, M Maksymowicz, J Moore, J Lesea, A Koga, R Wrobel, TF TI Dynamic testing of Xilinx Virtex-II field programmable gate array (FPGA) input/output blocks (IOBs) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE fault injection; radiation effects; reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); single-event effects AB Heavy-ion irradiation and fault injection experiments were conducted to evaluate the upset sensitivity of the Xilinx Virtex-II field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) input/output block (1013). Full triple module redundancy (TMR) of the IOBs, in combination with regular configuration scrubbing, proved to be a quite effective upset mitigation method. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Xilinx Inc, San Jose, CA 95124 USA. Grumman Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Swift, GM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM gary.m.swift@jpl.nasa.gov; sana.rezgui@xilinx.com; jeffrey.s.george@aero.org; mpnapie@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3469 EP 3474 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839190 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300058 ER PT J AU Benedetto, J Eaton, P Avery, K Mavis, D Gadlage, M Turflinger, T Dodd, PE Vizkelethyd, G AF Benedetto, J Eaton, P Avery, K Mavis, D Gadlage, M Turflinger, T Dodd, PE Vizkelethyd, G TI Heavy ion-induced digital single-event transients in deep submicron processes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE error-rate; heavy ion; radiation effects; single event effects; single event transient; single event upset; transient propagation; transient pulse width ID BIPOLAR LINEAR CIRCUITS; COMBINATIONAL LOGIC; SIMULATION; COMPARATORS; MICROBEAM; DESIGN; CHARGE; SETS AB Single-event transients (SETs) in digital circuits/processes are examined. SETs appear to substantially mitigate traditional SEU static-latch hardening techniques below 0.25 mum. The resulting IC error rate for advanced technology node hardened-electronics is dominated by the combinational-logic SET rate. C1 Mission Res Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. Mission Res Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Benedetto, J (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. EM benedetto@mrcmicroe.com; peaton@mrcmicroe.com; peaton@mrcmicroe.com; dgmaivs@mrcmicro.com; Gadlage_m@atd.crane.navy.mil; Turflinger@atd.crane.navy.mil; pedodd@sandia.gov; gvizkel@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 71 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3480 EP 3485 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839173 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300060 ER PT J AU Griffin, PJ Luker, SM King, DB DePriest, KR Hohlfelder, RJ Suo-Anttila, AJ AF Griffin, PJ Luker, SM King, DB DePriest, KR Hohlfelder, RJ Suo-Anttila, AJ TI Diamond PCD for reactor active dosimetry applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE active dosimetry; diamond dose rate; gamma rate; PCD; PIN; radiation pulse; reactor; SPND ID RADIATION DETECTORS; PARTICLE AB This paper reports on the development, calibration, and application of a radiation-hardened diamond photoconducting detector (PCD) for active ionizing dose measurements in research reactors. Results are reported for gamma irradiations between 10 and 10(12) rad(C)/s. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Nucl Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffin, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Nucl Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pjgriff@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3631 EP 3637 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.840028 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300082 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Hash, GL Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Baggio, J Tangyunyong, P Blackmore, E AF Schwank, JR Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Felix, JA Hash, GL Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Baggio, J Tangyunyong, P Blackmore, E TI Issues for single-event proton testing of SRAMs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE integrated circuit reliability; integrated circuit testing; proton testing; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation response; single event effects; single event latchup; single event upset ID HARDNESS ASSURANCE; CMOS SRAMS; ENVIRONMENTS; SENSITIVITY; UPSET; SEU; ICS AB The impact of total ionizing dose and displacement damage on single-event upset and single-event latchup hardness assurance testing of present-day commercial SRAMs is studied over a wide range of proton energies and fluence levels. Commercial SRAMs from six different vendors were irradiated at proton energies from 8 to 500 MeV and at total doses from 0 to 100 krad(Si) using multiple radiation sources. For some SRAMs, the single-event upset cross section increased with total dose. The amount of increase in SEU cross section strongly depended on the bias configuration during total dose irradiation and single-event upset characterization. For most of the SRAMs that showed an increase in single-event upset cross section with total dose, the static power supply leakage current also increased. Light emission microscopy photographs identified the source of the increase in power supply leakage current for these SRAMs as originating in peripheral transistors outside the memory array. This suggests a new single-event upset mechanism for present-day devices, which may be due to a reduction in the internally supplied memory array bias level with total dose, increasing memory cell sensitivity to single-event upset. The proton energy at which the single-event latchup cross section saturated varied considerably between devices. For one technology, the single-event latchup cross section did not saturate until the proton energy was increased to 200 MeV. These data indicate that single-event latchup hardness assurance testing should be performed at high proton energies (> 100 MeV). For fluence levels less than 10(11) protons/cm(2) at a proton energy of 105 MeV, proton-induced displacement damage had no observable affect on single-event latchup cross section. The implications of these effects on single-event upset and latchup hardness assurance testing are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CEA, DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM schwanjr@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3692 EP 3700 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839301 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300091 ER PT J AU Jun, BG Xiong, HD Sternberg, AL Cirba, CR Chen, DK Schrimpf, RD Fleetwood, DM Schwank, JR Cristoloveanu, S AF Jun, BG Xiong, HD Sternberg, AL Cirba, CR Chen, DK Schrimpf, RD Fleetwood, DM Schwank, JR Cristoloveanu, S TI Total dose effects on double gate fully depleted SOI MOSFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE charge coupling; double gate; fully-depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistors; total dose effects ID INVERSION AB Total ionizing dose effects on fully-depleted (FD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistors are studied when the devices are operated in single gate (SG) and double gate (DG) mode. The devices exhibit superiority in mobility and drain current when operated in DG mode compared to SG mode. Moreover, the dc characteristics of DG operated device are less vulnerable to total dose radiation induced damage. In particular, radiation-induced interface traps have less electrical effect in DG mode operation. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. ENSERG, F-38016 Grenoble, France. RP Jun, BG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM bongim.jun@vanderbilt.edu; hao.xiong@vanderbilt.edu; andrew.l.sternberg@vanderbilt.edu; claude.r.cirba@vanderbilt.edu; dakai.chen@vanderbilt.edu; ron.schrimpf@vanderbilt.edu; schwanjr@sandia.gov; sorin@enserg.fr RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3767 EP 3772 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839256 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300102 ER PT J AU Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Seiler, JE Barnaby, HJ Schrimpf, RD Shaneyfelt, MR Maher, MC Nowlin, RN AF Pease, RL Platteter, DG Dunham, GW Seiler, JE Barnaby, HJ Schrimpf, RD Shaneyfelt, MR Maher, MC Nowlin, RN TI Characterization of enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) effects using gated lateral PNP transistor structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS); p-glass/nitride ID BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS; LINEAR VOLTAGE COMPARATOR; LOW ELECTRIC-FIELDS; PASSIVATION LAYERS; GAIN DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; RADIATION; OXIDES; CHARGE AB The high and low dose rate responses of bipolar transistors in a bipolar linear circuit process technology have been studied with specially designed gated lateral pup test transistors that allow for the extraction of the oxide trapped charge (N-ot) and interface trap (N-it) densities. The buildup of N-ot and N-it with total dose is investigated as a function of the irradiation gate voltage at 39 rad/s and 20 mrad/s for three variations of the final passivation layer (all variations had the same oxide covering the active region of the devices). The three variations in final passivation were selected to exhibit minimal degradation at high and low dose rate (no passivation), significant degradation at high and low dose rate (p-glass/nitride) and enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) (p-glass only). It is shown that the increase in base current is dominated by increased N-it and the "true" low dose rate enhancement in the ELDRS parts occurs for zero and negative gate voltage, but is eliminated for large positive gate voltage and elevated temperature irradiation. Implications for ELDRS models are discussed. C1 RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. NAVSEA Crane, Crane, IN 47522 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87154 USA. Natl Semicond Corp, Portland, ME 04106 USA. ATK Miss Res, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Pease, RL (reprint author), RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. EM rpease@mrcmicroe.com RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3773 EP 3780 DI 10.1109/TNS.2004.839258 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 879LC UT WOS:000225718300103 ER PT J AU Atchison, WL Lemons, DS AF Atchison, WL Lemons, DS TI Magnetically driven Rayleigh-Taylor instability with acceleration gradient SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE magnetic-Rayleigh-Taylor instability; Rayleigh-Taylor instability; Z-pinch instability ID Z-PINCHES AB We investigate the stability properties of a slab of accelerating, current-carrying, cold, fluid when the accelerating (J) under bar x (B) under bar force is nonuniform throughout the slab and leads to a gradient in the slab acceleration. A nonuniform force that squeezes (stretches) the slab while accelerating it increases (decreases) the Magnetic-Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth rate. This effect can explain recent experiments on thin, magnetically driven, imploding liner shells. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bethel Coll, Dept Phys, N Newton, KS 67117 USA. RP Atchison, WL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Grp, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2169 EP 2174 DI 10.1109/TPS.2004.838688 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 878RE UT WOS:000225663500002 ER PT J AU Kargupta, H Bandyopadhyay, S Park, BH AF Kargupta, H Bandyopadhyay, S Park, BH TI Guest editorial SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. AGNIK, LLC, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. Indian Stat Inst, Machine Intelligence Unit, Kolkata 700108, W Bengal, India. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hillol@cs.umb.edu; sanghami@isical.ac.in; parkbh@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 EI 1941-0492 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2424 EP 2425 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2004.836884 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 871YM UT WOS:000225172500020 ER PT J AU Goshe, AJ Steele, IM Bosnich, B AF Goshe, AJ Steele, IM Bosnich, B TI Supramolecular recognition: association of palladium molecular clefts with planar platinum complexes SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE supramolecular chemistry; molecular recognition; host-guest chemistry; metal-metal interaction ID PI-PI INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNUS SALTS; NUCLEOBASE; STATE AB The crystal structures of two new molecular recognition adducts formed between a dicationic, di-terpyridyl-Pd-Cl molecular cleft and two square planar platinum complexes are reported. In both structures, the planar platinum-containing guests are located within the molecular cleft formed by the two parallel disposed terpyridyl-Pd-Cl+ units of the receptor. The crystal structure of the adduct formed between the molecular cleft and a neutral platinum complex has interplanar distances between the host and guest of 3.24 Angstrom, a distance shorter than that usually ascribed to pi-stacking interaction (similar to3.45 Angstrom). The short distance is likely the result of metal-metal interaction between the host and guest. The second adduct, that between the dicationic molecular receptor and an anionic platinum complex, also bears the guest within the molecular cleft. The interplanar distances between the cationic terpyridyi-Pd-Cl units of the host and the anionic guest (3.21 and 3.29 Angstrom) are also shorter than typical pi-stacking distances but no metal-metal interaction is present. Coulombic attraction between the host and guest is believed to be responsible for the short interplanar separation. These data are discussed in relation to analogous systems that associate through pi-pi and metal-metal interaction. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Goshe, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM goshe@anl.gov; bos5@uchicago.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 357 IS 15 BP 4544 EP 4551 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2004.06.037 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 877YQ UT WOS:000225612500020 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK O'Connor, DB Cabelli, D AF Sharma, VK O'Connor, DB Cabelli, D TI Oxidation of thiocyanate by iron(V) in alkaline medium SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE iron(V); oxidation; thiocyanate; pulse radiolysis ID PREMIX PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; FERRATE(VI) OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; REDUCTION; MECHANISM; KINETICS; RADICALS; CYANIDE; REACTIVITY AB The oxidation of thiocyanate by iron(V) (Fe(V)) was studied as a function of pH in alkaline solutions by a premix pulse radiolysis technique. The rates decrease with an increase in pH. The rate law for the oxidation of SCN- by Fe(V) was obtained as -d[Fe(V)]/ dt = k(10){[H+](2)/([H+](2) + K-2[H+] + K2K3)}[Fe(V)][SCN-], where k(10) = 5.72 +/- 0.19 x 10(6) M-1 s(-1), pK(2) = 7.2, and pK(3) = 10.1. The reaction precedes via a two-electron oxidation, which converts Fe(V) to Fe(III). Thiocyanate reacts approximately 10(3)x faster with iron(V) than does with iron(VI). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM vsharma@fit.edu OI Sharma, Virender/0000-0002-5980-8675 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 357 IS 15 BP 4587 EP 4591 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2004.07.001 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 877YQ UT WOS:000225612500026 ER PT J AU Frigerio, T Mariscotti, MAJ Ruffolo, M Thieberger, P AF Frigerio, T Mariscotti, MAJ Ruffolo, M Thieberger, P TI Development and application of computed tomography in the inspection of reinforced concrete SO INSIGHT LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the development and application of reinforced concrete tomography, a non-destructive technique based on the use of gamma radiation for achieving 3D reconstruction of reinforcing bars and detecting corrosion in rebars and honeycombing in concrete. This novel method has already found a wide range of practical applications in inspections of well over a thousand structural elements in buildings, bridges, under-water pillars, oil-filled ducts, statues, bank treasuries and tunnels. This paper describes the technique, including the recently developed real-time tomograph, and presents illustrative examples of results achieved with it. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. KFA Julich, D-5170 Julich, Germany. ILL, Grenoble, France. THASA, RA-1609 Boulogne, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM mariscotti@thasa.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH INST NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI NORTHAMPTON PA 1 SPENCER PARADE, NORTHAMPTON NN1 5AA, NORTHANTS, ENGLAND SN 1354-2575 J9 INSIGHT JI Insight PD DEC PY 2004 VL 46 IS 12 BP 742 EP 745 DI 10.1784/insi.46.12.742.54508 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 882LP UT WOS:000225940700013 ER PT J AU Taylor, BE Debiase, AE AF Taylor, BE Debiase, AE TI Why are there so many calanoid copepods in temporary ponds of southeastern North America? SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 SREL, Aiken, SC USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM taylor@SREL.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 651 EP 651 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721401107 ER PT J AU Valles, Y Halanych, K Boore, J AF Valles, Y Halanych, K Boore, J TI Annelids in the mist: The influence of a new marker SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM yvalles@lbl.gov RI Halanych, Ken/A-9480-2009 OI Halanych, Ken/0000-0002-8658-9674 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 655 EP 655 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721401122 ER PT J AU Weston, JL Ramsdell, CM Napier, SC Bullard-Dillard, R Braithwaite, C Exeter, H Glenn, TC Dewey, MJ AF Weston, JL Ramsdell, CM Napier, SC Bullard-Dillard, R Braithwaite, C Exeter, H Glenn, TC Dewey, MJ TI Development of Peromyscus genomics SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Univ S Carolina, Peromyscus Genet Stock Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Claflin Univ, Orangeburg, SC USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM weston@biol.sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 664 EP 664 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721401157 ER PT J AU Greenlee, KJ Harrison, JF Henry, JR Westneat, M Kirkton, SD Lee, WK AF Greenlee, KJ Harrison, JF Henry, JR Westneat, M Kirkton, SD Lee, WK TI An analysis of grasshopper tracheal morphology across instars using synchrotron x-ray imaging SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Joanna.Henry@asu.edu NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 702 EP 702 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721401308 ER PT J AU Socha, JJ Fezzaa, K Lee, WK Waters, JS Westneat, MW AF Socha, JJ Fezzaa, K Lee, WK Waters, JS Westneat, MW TI Tracheal compression patterns involved in gas exchange in the ground beetle, Platynus decentis SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology (SICB) CY JAN 04-08, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jjsocha@midway.uchicago.edu RI Waters, James/B-3878-2010 OI Waters, James/0000-0002-9804-1585 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 EI 1557-7023 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 44 IS 6 BP 748 EP 748 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 893LU UT WOS:000226721401494 ER PT J AU Totemeier, TC Wright, RN Swank, WD AF Totemeier, TC Wright, RN Swank, WD TI FeAl and Mo-Si-B intermetallic coatings prepared by thermal spraying SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE iron alummides (based on FeAL); molybdenum silicides; thermal properties; coatings; intermetallic and otherwise; residual stress measurement ID IRON ALUMINIDE COATINGS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; DEGREES-C; TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH; RESISTANCE; DEPOSITS; NICKEL AB FeAl and Mo-Si-B intermetallic coatings for elevated temperature environmental resistance were prepared using high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and air plasma spray (APS) techniques. For both coating types, the effect of coating parameters (spray particle velocity and temperature) on the microstructure and physical properties of the coatings was assessed. Fe-24Al (wt%) coatings were prepared using HVOF thermal spraying at spray particle velocities varying from 540 to 700 m/s. Mo-13.4Si-2.6B coatings were prepared using APS at particle velocities of 180 and 350 m/s. Residual stresses in the HVOF FeAl coatings were compressive, while stresses in the APS Mo-Si-B coatings were tensile. In both cases, residual stresses became more compressive with increasing spray particle velocity due to increased peening imparted by the spray particles. The hardness and elastic moduli of FeAl coatings also increased with increasing particle velocity. For Mo-Si-B coatings, plasma spraying at 180 m/s resulted in significant oxidation of the spray particles and conversion of the T1 phase into amorphous silica and alpha-Mo. The T1 phase was retained after spraying at 350 m/s. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Totemeier, TC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625,MS 2218, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM totetc@inel.gov NR 40 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD DEC PY 2004 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1344 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.04.034 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 864BC UT WOS:000224606700008 ER PT J AU Watson, A Opresko, D Young, R AF Watson, A Opresko, D Young, R TI Untitled SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Watson, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM watsonap@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3123 J9 INT J ENVIRON HEAL R JI Int. J. Environ. Health Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 14 IS 6 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1080/09603120400012801 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 867CV UT WOS:000224820700007 PM 15545041 ER PT J AU Jang, SP Kim, SJ Choi, SUS AF Jang, SP Kim, SJ Choi, SUS TI Bulk mean temperature in porous medium analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID LOCAL THERMAL NONEQUILIBRIUM; FORCED-CONVECTION; HEAT-TRANSFER; CHANNEL C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hankuk Aviat Univ Goyang, Sch Aerosp & Mech Engn, Goyang 412791, Geyeonggi Do, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Choi, SUS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Choi@anl.gov RI Kim, Sung Jin/C-1555-2011 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 25 BP 5603 EP 5607 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.07.009 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 870UM UT WOS:000225084000018 ER PT J AU Trivic, DN O'Brien, TJ Amon, CH AF Trivic, DN O'Brien, TJ Amon, CH TI Modeling the radiation of anisotropically scattering media by coupling Mie theory with finite volume method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE particles radiation; anisotropic scattering; Mie theory; finite volume method ID GRAY GASES MODEL; WEIGHTED SUM; RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURES; HEAT-TRANSFER; MIXTURES; EQUATION; SOOT AB A new mathematical model and code for radiative heat transfer of particulate media with anisotropic scattering for 2-D rectangular enclosure is developed. The model is based on the coupling of (i) finite volume method for the solution of radiative transfer equation with (ii) Mie equations for the evaluation of scattering phase function. It has not been done before to the authors' best knowledge. The predictions were compared against the only found results, published 15 years ago. For those results the S-N discrete ordinates method for the solution of radiative transfer equation and the Legendre polynomials expansions for the evaluation of scattering phase function were used. The agreement between the results is very good. The advantages of new model and code are in their straight forward application to any given particles parameters without the need for previously designed analytical expression for scattering phase function. In addition, that analytical expression, with generated expansion coefficients, is restricted and can be used only for that particular case of particle parameters. The new model was applied to the solid particles of several various coals and of an ash and the series of 2-D predictions are performed. The effects of particle size parameter and of scattering albedo on radiative heat flux and on incident radiation were analyzed. It was found that the model developed is reliable and very accurate and thus suitable for extension towards: (i) 3-D geometries, (ii) mixtures of non-gray gases with particles as well as for (iii) incorporation in computational fluid dynamics codes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Complex Engn Syst, Coll Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Trivic, DN (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Complex Engn Syst, Coll Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM trivic@vin.bg.ac.yu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 47 IS 26 BP 5765 EP 5780 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.07.035 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 870VH UT WOS:000225086300012 ER PT J AU Post, DE Kendall, RP AF Post, DE Kendall, RP TI Software project management and quality engineering practices for complex, coupled multiphysics, massively parallel computational simulations: Lessons learned from ASCI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE software engineering; verification; validation; software project; management; computational science AB Many institutions are now developing large-scale, complex, coupled multiphysics computational simulations for massively parallel platforms for the simulation of the performance of nuclear weapons and certification of the stockpile, and for research in climate and weather prediction, magnetic and inertial fusion energy, environmental systems, astrophysics, aerodynamic design, combustion, biological and biochemical systems, and other areas. The successful development of these simulations is aided by attention to sound software project management and software engineering. We have developed "lessons learned" from a set of code projects that the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Agency has sponsored to develop nuclear weapons simulations over the last 50 years. We find that some, but not all, of the software project management and development practices (rather than processes) commonly employed for non-technical software add value to the development of scientific software and we identify those that we judge add value. Another key finding, consistent with general software industry experience, is that the optimal project schedule and resource level are solely determined by the requirements once the requirements are fixed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Post, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM POST@LANL.GOV RI Post, Douglass/L-3773-2014 OI Post, Douglass/0000-0001-9271-0023 NR 37 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 18 IS 4 BP 399 EP 416 DI 10.1177/1094342004048533 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 872AY UT WOS:000225179300002 ER PT J AU Burkert, VD Lee, TSH AF Burkert, VD Lee, TSH TI Electromagnetic meson production in the nucleon resonance region SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE nucleon resonances; meson production reactions ID CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; SIGMA-BEAM ASYMMETRY; PI-N SCATTERING; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTION; LINEARLY POLARIZED PHOTONS; NON-TOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS; T DISPERSION-RELATIONS; PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; MAINZ MICROTRON MAMI; KAON PHOTOPRODUCTION AB Recent experimental and theoretical advances in investigating electromagnetic meson production reactions in the nucleon resonance region are reviewed. We give a description of current experimental facilities with electron and photon beams and present a unified derivation of most of the phenomenological approaches being used to extract the resonance parameters from the data. The analyses of pi and eta production data and the resulting transition form factors for the Delta(1232)P-33, N(1535)S-11, N(1440)P-11, and N(1520)D-13 resonances are discussed in detail. The status of our understanding of the reactions with production of two pions, kaons, and vector mesons is also reviewed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM burkert@jlab.org; lee@theory.phy.anl.gov NR 238 TC 153 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 EI 1793-6608 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1035 EP 1111 DI 10.1142/S0218301304002545 PG 77 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 884CQ UT WOS:000226062600001 ER PT J AU Feijoo, GR AF Feijoo, GR TI A new method in inverse scattering based on the topological derivative SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY; SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; RECONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHM AB The problem of imaging objects embedded in a transparent homogeneous medium is considered. It is assumed that the wavelength of the probing radiation is finite so that scattering effects need to be taken into consideration in the reconstruction process. This problem is commonly referred to as 'inverse scattering' in the literature. Many algorithms, including backpropagation-based algorithms, attempt to solve this imaging problem in either of two ways: (1) by assuming linearizing approximations such as the Born, Rytov or physical optics approximations which result in closed-form expressions for the inversion formula; or (2) by solving the nonlinear inverse scattering problem using an iterative algorithm, which is computationally more expensive. In this paper, a new method for inverse scattering is proposed. This method is based on the notion of the 'optimal topology' that solves the inverse scattering problem. To find this optimal topology, a function called the topological derivative is defined. This function quantifies the sensitivity of the scattered field to the introduction of a small scatterer at a point in the domain. Based on this definition, and the heuristic that the boundary of the objects can be considered as a group of point scatterers, we will identify high values of this function with the location of these boundaries. It is shown that the topological derivative can be calculated analytically so, as a result, the proposed reconstruction algorithm is not iterative. In addition, no approximations (such as the Born, Rytov or physical optics approximations) to the wavefield are made. The numerical examples shown in this paper demonstrate that this simple and efficient heuristic scheme can be used to accurately reconstruct the shape of scatterers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Feijoo, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Engn Sci Ctr, 7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM grfeijo@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1819 EP 1840 AR PII S0266-5611(04)80503-3 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/20/6/008 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 885SU UT WOS:000226178000023 ER PT J AU Chen, XD O'Neill, K Barrowes, BE Grzegorczyk, TM Kong, JA AF Chen, XD O'Neill, K Barrowes, BE Grzegorczyk, TM Kong, JA TI Application of a spheroidal-mode approach and a differential evolution algorithm for inversion of magneto-quasistatic data in UXO discrimination SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION SCATTERING; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; EXCITATION; TARGETS AB We construct a spheroidal-mode approach for unexploded ordnance (UXO) inversion under time harmonic excitations in the magneto-quasi static regime. Use of spheroidal modes gives us the ability to deal with a variety of objects from elongated needles to flat plates, with better accuracy than the simple dipole models commonly used. The method can also be used for complex objects whose shape cannot be well approximated by spheroidal surfaces. In this case, we define a spheroidal surface surrounding the objects as a computational device for obtaining the object's scattered field in the spheroidal coordinate system. The coefficients obtained in the spheroidal coordinate system are shown to be the characteristics of the object. Stored in a library, they can produce fast and complete forward models for use in pattern matching inversion. For a single spheroidal object reconstruction, a differential evolution optimization algorithm, combined with the spheroidal mode formulation, inverts successfully for the object's size, location, orientation, magnetic permeability and conductivity. For more general objects, the system determines the fitness of a candidate relative to a UXO being sought by comparing measured data with its signature. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP MIT, Elect Res Lab, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 EI 1361-6420 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP S27 EP S40 AR PII S0266-5611(04)78691-8 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/20/6/S03 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 885SU UT WOS:000226178000004 ER PT J AU Newman, GA Boggs, PT AF Newman, GA Boggs, PT TI Solution accelerators for large-scale three-dimensional electromagnetic inverse problems SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR CONJUGATE GRADIENTS; MAGNETOTELLURIC INVERSION; 2-D AB We provide a framework for preconditioning nonlinear three-dimensional electromagnetic inverse scattering problems using nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCG) and limited memory (LM) quasi-Newton methods. Key to our approach is the use of an approximate adjoint method that allows for an economical approximation of the Hessian that is updated at each inversion iteration. Using this approximate Hessian as a preconditioner, we show that the preconditioned NLCG iteration converges significantly faster than the non-preconditioned iteration, as well as converging to a data misfit level below that observed for the non-preconditioned method. Similar conclusions are also observed for the LM iteration; preconditioned with the approximate Hessian, the LM iteration converges faster than the non-preconditioned version. At this time, however, we see little difference between the convergence performance of the preconditioned LM scheme and the preconditioned NLCG scheme. A possible reason for this outcome is the behaviour of the line search within the LM iteration. It was anticipated that, near convergence, a step size of one would be approached, but what was observed, instead, were step lengths that were nowhere near one. We provide some insights into the reasons for this behaviour and suggest further research that may improve the performance of the LM methods. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA USA. RP Newman, GA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 20 IS 6 BP S151 EP S170 AR PII S0266-5611(04)78789-4 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/20/6/S10 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 885SU UT WOS:000226178000011 ER PT J AU Staab, TA AF Staab, Torsten A. TI Informatics to the Rescue SO JALA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Automat & Robot Team, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Staab, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Automat & Robot Team, Mailstop J580, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM tstaab@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 2211-0682 J9 JALA-J LAB AUTOM JI JALA PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 6 BP 11A EP 12A DI 10.1016/j.jala.2004.09.006 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA V26ND UT WOS:000208551400002 ER PT J AU Ebinghaus, R Temme, C Lindberg, SE Scott, KJ AF Ebinghaus, R Temme, C Lindberg, SE Scott, KJ TI Springtime accumulation of atmospheric mercury in polar ecosystems SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Research Course on Atmospheres CY 2004 CL Grenoble, FRANCE SP Univ Joseph Fourier, CNRS, LGGE ID ARCTIC AIR-POLLUTION; GASEOUS MERCURY; OZONE DEPLETION; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERE; SNOW; SUNRISE; CONTAMINATION AB Mercury and many of its compounds behave exceptionally in the environment due to their volatility, capability for methylation, and subsequent biomagnification in contrast with most of the other heavy metals. Long-range atmospheric transport of elemental mercury, its transformation to mote toxic methylmercury compounds, the ability to undergo photochemical reactions and their bioaccumulation in the aquatic food chain have made it a subject of global research activities. Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events (AMDEs) during polar springtime have been experimentally observed in the Arctic and in the Antarctic. During these events Hg-0 and ozone concentrations are significantly depleted and well correlated. whereas concentrations of reactive gaseous mercury species (RGM) simultaneously increase. The main reaction mechanism and corresponding chemical and physical properties of involved species in polar regions are summarized in this work. Hg-0 is removed from the atmosphere and deposited onto the underlying surface snow. This paper focused on the fast, photochemically driven, oxidation of boundary-layer Hg-0, the influence of reactive halogen chemistry, and the resultant net input of mercury into the polar ecosystem during and after polar springtime. Several estimates of the size of the Arctic sink for newly deposited Hg range front approximate to 100 - 300 T/y. while estimates of the Antarctic sink are far more uncertain. The role of re-emission of elemental mercury front the snow surface is critically discussed. C1 GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Photuris, Winnipeg, MB R3G 2J6, Canada. RP Ebinghaus, R (reprint author), GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Coastal Res, Max Planck Str 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. EM ralf.ebinghaus@gkss.de NR 70 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD DEC PY 2004 VL 121 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1051/jp4:2004121013 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 892HD UT WOS:000226640000014 ER PT J AU Lee, DW Cheng, MD AF Lee, DW Cheng, MD TI Investigations of nanoparticle generation during surface decontamination by laser ablation at low fluence SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; laser ablation; low fluence; cement; stainless steel; alumina ID PULSE; THRESHOLD; SILICON; DAMAGE; FILMS AB Through laser ablation processes, significant amounts of particles can be generated from a surface of cement, stainless steel, or alumina. The minimal laser fluence (mJ cm(-2)), or threshold energy, required to produce a detectable amount of particles (100 particles cm(-3)) was investigated experimentally. The threshold energy was wavelength-dependent and was found to be the greatest for a pure material, alumina, then for a complex mixture, cement, and least for a simple mixture, stainless steel. The threshold energy requirement for three tested materials was found to be significantly higher for the IR (1064-nm) laser; it was 2.4-10.1 times higher than for the UV (266-nm) laser and 9.1-15.2 times higher than for the Vis (532-nm) laser. Interestingly, the UV laser has a higher threshold energy (1.5-4.0 times higher) than the Vis does. A log-log linear model was found to correlate particle production with the laser fluence of all three wavelengths. Of the three materials tested, stainless steel produced the most particles at a given fluence while alumina produced the fewest. Hypotheses of the particle generation mechanisms based upon the observations are also given here. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leed1@ornl.gov; chengmd@ornl.gov RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1513 EP 1526 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.07.003 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880WX UT WOS:000225821800007 ER PT J AU Lee, DW Cheng, MD AF Lee, DW Cheng, MD TI Particle generation by laser ablation during surface decontamination SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle; laser ablation; cement; chromium-embedded cement; stainless steel; alumina ID THRESHOLD; DAMAGE AB Laser ablation allows significant number of particles to be generated from the surfaces of cement, chromium-embedded cement, stainless steel, or alumina. The number concentrations and size distributions of the particles were experimentally investigated with respect to applied laser fluence (mJ cm(-2)) and wavelength. Based on the measurements, 266-nm laser ablation generates particles most efficiently. Of the three materials tested, cement was the most favorable for material removal, stainless steel was the next, and alumina was the least. The removal of particles from chromium-embedded cement by 532- and 1064-nm-wavelength lasers was less effective than from stainless steel, but more effective than from alumina. For ablation with a 266-nm laser, chromium enhanced the removal above 20 J cm(-2). Comparisons of other characteristics such as the size and removal rate of these particles are also discussed in this paper. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 1505,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leed1@ornl.gov; chengmd@ornl.gov RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1527 EP 1540 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.07.007 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 880WX UT WOS:000225821800008 ER PT J AU Wang, YB Uchida, T Von Dreele, R Rivers, ML Nishiyama, N Funakoshi, K Nozawa, A Kaneko, H AF Wang, YB Uchida, T Von Dreele, R Rivers, ML Nishiyama, N Funakoshi, K Nozawa, A Kaneko, H TI A new technique for angle-dispersive powder diffraction using an energy-dispersive setup and synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-PRESSURES; EQUATION; CRYSTAL; STATE AB A new diffraction technique for combined angle- and energy-dispersive structural analysis and refinement (CAESAR), by collecting angle- dispersive data using a solid-state detector (SSD) and white synchrotron radiation, is introduced. By step scanning a well calibrated SSD over a limited 2theta range, a series of one-dimensional energy-dispersive data ( intensity versus energy) are obtained as a function of 2theta. The entire intensity (Int) data set consists of several thousand channels covering a range of photon energies, E ( up to similar to 150 keV), at each of the similar to 1000 2theta steps, forming a 2 - 4 mega-element two-dimensional array, Int( E, 2theta). These intensity data are then regrouped according to photon energies, which are defined in the multichannel SSD as individual channels, yielding a large number of intensity versus 2theta ( angle- dispersive) data sets, Int( E = const., 2theta), each of which corresponds to a given photon energy or wavelength. The entire data set, selected subsets or composite scans can be used for multiple data set Rietveld refinement. Data collected both on alpha-Al2O3 ( a NIST diffraction standard) at ambient conditions and on a mixture of MgO and Au at high pressure were analyzed using the Rietveld technique, with varying schemes of data treatment. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that data within certain energy bands (DeltaE/E = +/- 10%) may be binned together to improve counting statistics in a composite angle- dispersive scan, even when collected with much coarser scan steps of 0.1 or 0.2degrees. This technique is useful for high-pressure as well as general purpose powder diffraction studies that have limited X-ray access to the sample using synchrotron radiation. Several advantages are discussed. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, APS, IPNS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Japan Synchrotron Res Inst, Mikazuki, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. RP Wang, YB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM wang@cars.uchicago.edu RI Nishiyama, Norimasa/A-7627-2016; OI Wang, Yanbin/0000-0001-5716-3183 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 37 BP 947 EP 956 DI 10.1107/S0021889804022502 PN 6 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 870FP UT WOS:000225043300013 ER PT J AU Jupe, AC Stock, SR Lee, PL Naik, NN Kurtis, KE Wilkinson, AP AF Jupe, AC Stock, SR Lee, PL Naik, NN Kurtis, KE Wilkinson, AP TI Phase composition depth profiles using spatially resolved energy dispersive X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; INDIVIDUAL GRAINS; HIGH-PRESSURE; VECTOR MODE; POLYCRYSTALS; MICROSCOPE; HYDRATION; POWDERS; TRANSFORMATIONS; RECONSTRUCTION AB Spatially resolved energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, using high-energy synchrotron radiation ( similar to 35 - 80 keV), was used nondestructively to obtain phase composition profiles along the radii of cylindrical cement paste samples to characterize the progress of the chemical changes associated with sulfate attack on the cement. Phase distributions were acquired to depths of similar to 4 mm below the specimen surface with sufficient spatial resolution to discern features less than 200 m m thick. The experimental and data analysis methods employed to obtain quantitative composition profiles are described. The spatial resolution that could be achieved is illustrated using data obtained from copper cylinders with a thin zinc coating. The measurements demonstrate that this approach is useful for nondestructively visualizing the sometimes complex transformations that take place during sulfate attack on cement-based materials. These transformations can be spatially related to microstructure as seen by computed microtomography. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Northwestern Univ, Inst Bioengn & Nanosci Adv Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wilkinson, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM angus.wilkinson@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Kurtis, Kimberly/0000-0002-1252-7323 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 37 BP 967 EP 976 DI 10.1107/S0021889804024148 PN 6 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 870FP UT WOS:000225043300015 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Park, C AF Fenter, P Park, C TI Termination interference along crystal truncation rods of layered crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; ORTHOCLASE (001)-WATER; SURFACE TERMINATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; INTERFACES; GROWTH; POLARIZATION; MORPHOLOGY AB A destructive interference observed in high-resolution surface X-ray reflectivity data for diverse systems has been used as a 'fingerprint' for determining the terminating plane of layered crystals. It is shown that this phenomenon is ( a) general to layered crystal structures, (b) directly sensitive to the crystal termination as a result of phase contrast between layers within the substrate unit cell, and ( c) closely related to systematic absences of bulk Bragg diffraction. A simple formalism is derived that relates the location of these destructive interferences to the terminating plane of a crystal using only knowledge of the substrate crystal structure. The factors that control the visibility of this phenomenon for different crystal symmetries and uniformity of the crystal termination are also explored. A special case, where X-ray reflectivity is nominally insensitive to crystal termination, is discussed to show that sensitivity can be obtained through the use of anomalous dispersion or ferroelectric displacements in the substrate lattice. Insight into this phenomenon is obtained by considering the influence of the spatial resolution on an effective electron density and the associated suitability of describing each of the layers in the structure as individual 'pseudo-atoms'. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fenter, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fenter@anl.gov RI Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 37 BP 977 EP 987 DI 10.1107/S0021889804024343 PN 6 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 870FP UT WOS:000225043300016 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, H Leisure, RG Migliori, A Betts, J Ogi, H AF Ledbetter, H Leisure, RG Migliori, A Betts, J Ogi, H TI Low-temperature elastic and piezoelectric constants of paratellurite (alpha-TeO2) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE POISSONS RATIO; TEO2; CRYSTALS; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION AB We report paratellurite's 300-10-K elastic constants C-ij, six constants reflecting tetragonal symmetry (P422 point group). The quantity e(14)(2)/k(11), where e(14) denotes the sole independent piezoelectric constant and k(11) denotes a dielectric constant, was determined over the same temperature range. All the principal C-ij show approximately regular temperature-change behavior: increasing with decreasing temperature, the increases being 2%-10%. One derived elastic constant, C-'=(C-11-C-12)/2, a shear constant, shows strongly anomalous temperature behavior, decreasing continuously during cooling to 10 K, the total decrease being 5%. The quantity e(14)(2)/k(11) was essentially independent of temperature. Obtained by resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy, our results differ from previous studies, none of which went to 10 K, a temperature region of much practical interest for this material. From the near-zero-temperature elastic constants, we derive a Debye temperature of 235 K. The slope dC(')/dT yields a negative Gruneisen parameter gamma=-0.9, close to the specific-heat value. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Osaka 5608531, Japan. RP Ledbetter, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hledbet@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6201 EP 6206 DI 10.1063/1.1805717 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800037 ER PT J AU Thomes, WJ Simmons-Potter, K Phifer, CC Potter, BG Jamison, GM Jones, JE Casadonte, DJ AF Thomes, WJ Simmons-Potter, K Phifer, CC Potter, BG Jamison, GM Jones, JE Casadonte, DJ TI Photobleaching comparison of poly(methylphenylsilylene) and poly(phenylsilyne) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYSILANE HIGH POLYMERS; ORGANOSILANE HIGH POLYMERS; NETWORK POLYMERS; BRANCHED POLYSILANES; THIN-FILMS; MODELS; PHOTODEGRADATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; PHOTOPHYSICS; SI16ME34 AB The effect of dimensionality on the photobleaching characteristics of Si-based polymers with phenyl substituents was investigated by studying the change in absorption upon exposure to 248- and 337-nm excitation. Poly(methylphenylsilylene) was chosen as an archetype of the linear-chain polysilanes, and poly(phenylsilyne) was used as the comparable network polysilyne. Differences in bleaching behavior of the two types of polymers are explained in terms of Si-Si bonding and electronic interactions between the phenyl groups and the silicon frameworks. Wavelength-dependent effects include the degree of photodegradation of the phenyl rings and changes in polymer configuration due to photoscission and crosslinking. Absorption changes were accompanied by changes in the refractive index of the exposed regions of the samples. The refractive index modification was used to write embedded strip waveguides in the photosensitive thin films. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Thomes, WJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wjthome@sandia.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6313 EP 6318 DI 10.1063/1.1808908 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800055 ER PT J AU Moura, MR Ayala, AP Guedes, I Loong, CK Boatner, LA AF Moura, MR Ayala, AP Guedes, I Loong, CK Boatner, LA TI Phonon spectra of terbium-doped lutetium orthophosphates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS; DYPO4 AB Raman spectroscopy has been applied to investigations of the effects of substitutionally replacing Lu by Tb in single crystals of the tetragonal, zircon structure host LuPO4. Room-temperature, polarized Raman spectra of Lu1-xTbxPO4 (x=0, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.12) have been studied. No appreciable changes in the frequencies of the phonons were observed, indicating that the force fields in the LuPO4 lattice are not strongly altered by Tb doping on the Lu site. A discussion of the fluorescence bands and a revised assignment of the LuPO4 vibrations are presented. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, BR-60455970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. UFC, Dept Fis, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Moura, MR (reprint author), Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, Caixa Postal 6030,Campus Pici, BR-60455970 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. EM mylene@fisica.ufc.br RI GUEDES, ILDE/C-3451-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; UFC, DF/E-1564-2017; Ayala, Alejandro/A-7518-2008; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/J-4630-2016; OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Ayala, Alejandro/0000-0002-9247-6780; Universidade Federal do Ceara, Physics Department/0000-0002-9247-6780; GUEDES, ILDE/0000-0002-1040-5891 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6344 EP 6347 DI 10.1063/1.1810641 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800060 ER PT J AU Blomqvist, P Krishnan, KM Srinath, S te Velthuis, SGE AF Blomqvist, P Krishnan, KM Srinath, S te Velthuis, SGE TI Magnetization processes in exchange-biased MnPd/Fe bilayers studied by polarized neutron reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYSTERESIS LOOPS; ANISOTROPY; REVERSAL; FILMS; ASYMMETRY; GROWTH AB The magnetization processes in exchange-biased MnPd/Fe bilayers have been investigated using polarized neutron reflectivity and vibrating sample magnetometry. The measurements show that by breaking the symmetry of the intrinsic cubic fourfold anisotropy of the Fe film the induced unidirectional anisotropy radically changes the magnetization processes. If the exchange bias is large the induced unidirectional anisotropy is able to pull the net magnetization of the sample to the bias direction after saturation along any of the magnetic hard Fe<110> directions. However, if the exchange bias is small it will only give rise to a difference in net magnetization along the magnetic easy axes adjacent to the saturation direction. Thus, the net magnetic moment along the bias direction depends on the relative magnitudes of the cubic and the unidirectional anisotropies. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kannanmk@u.washington.edu RI te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013 OI te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6523 EP 6526 DI 10.1063/1.1806257 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800088 ER PT J AU Pantano, A Parks, DM Boyce, MC Nardelli, MB AF Pantano, A Parks, DM Boyce, MC Nardelli, MB TI Mixed finite element-tight-binding electromechanical analysis of carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-WALL; DEFORMATION; MECHANICS AB Electrical transport properties of carbon nanotubes can be dramatically changed by mechanical deformations that alter tube shape and the corresponding positions of the atoms comprising the tube wall. In principle, detailed atomic/electronic calculations can provide both the deformed configuration and the resulting electrical transport behavior of the tube. Here we simplify the process by refining a previously-developed nonlinear structural mechanics finite-element-based procedure for modeling mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes to account explicitly for tube chirality. A quadrilateral element overlay procedure provides an isotropic finite element model of hexagonal cells within a graphene sheet, with the only nodal positions coincident with those of the atoms. Mechanical deformation of the nanotube structure is simulated with finite elements, and the evolving atomic [nodal] coordinates are processed within the finite element (FE) program by using a tight-binding (TB) code to calculate deformation-induced changes in electrical transport properties of the nanotube. Results of the mixed FE/TB calculations compare favorably with existing atomistic simulations of single-walled nanotubes subjected to torsion, intense lateral squeezing, and large, kink-producing bending. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Meccan, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CCS CSM, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pantano, A (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM mcboyce@mit.edu RI Buongiorno Nardelli, Marco/C-9089-2009 NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6756 EP 6760 DI 10.1063/1.1809252 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800125 ER PT J AU Hau-Riege, SP Barty, A Mirkarimi, PB Baker, S Coy, MA Mita, M Robertson, VE Liang, T Stivers, A AF Hau-Riege, SP Barty, A Mirkarimi, PB Baker, S Coy, MA Mita, M Robertson, VE Liang, T Stivers, A TI Repair of phase defects in extreme-ultraviolet lithography mask blanks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MO/SI MULTILAYERS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; FUSED-SILICA; COMPACTION; RADIATION; RETICLES; FILMS AB Phase defects that introduce errors in the printed image are one of the major yield limiters for reticles in extreme-ultraviolet lithography. The basis for a reticle is a mask blank, consisting of an ultra-low-expansion substrate and a reflective multilayer stack that is made up of Mo and Si. A potential methodology for repairing phase defects in these mask blanks is to locally irradiate it with a high-resolution electron beam to induce structural deformations that cancel out the distortion of the multilayer. We present experimental and modeling results that show that the interaction of an electron beam with a mask blank can only be understood when the contraction of the multilayer through silicide formation and substrate compaction, as well as the mechanical response of the mask blank, are considered. One of the consequences is that electron beams with energies around 10 keV that are less than 20 nm in diameter induce depressions in multilayers made up of 50 Mo/Si bilayers that have a surprisingly large diameter of about a micrometer. Our models suggest that these unacceptably large diameters can only be reduced if the compaction of the substrate is prevented. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. JEOL USA Inc, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Barty, Anton/K-5137-2014 OI Barty, Anton/0000-0003-4751-2727 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 96 IS 11 BP 6812 EP 6821 DI 10.1063/1.1812826 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 873SI UT WOS:000225300800135 ER PT J AU Crawley, DB Lawrie, LK Pedersen, CO Winkelmann, FC Witte, MJ Strand, RK Liesen, RJ Buhl, WF Huang, YJ Henninger, RH Glazer, J Fisher, DE Shirey, DB Griffith, BT Ellis, PG Gu, LX AF Crawley, DB Lawrie, LK Pedersen, CO Winkelmann, FC Witte, MJ Strand, RK Liesen, RJ Buhl, WF Huang, YJ Henninger, RH Glazer, J Fisher, DE Shirey, DB Griffith, BT Ellis, PG Gu, LX TI Energyplus: New, capable, and linked SO JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A new building energy simulation program, known as EnergyPlus, was,first released in April 2001. EnergyPlus builds on the capabilities and features of BLAST and DOE-2 and includes many simulation,features, such as variable time steps, configurable modular systems that are integrated with a heat balance-based zone simulation, and input and output data structures tailored to facilitate third party module and interface development - features that have not been available together in a mainstream building energy simulation program. Other simulation capabilities include three thermal comfort models, extensive daylighting and advanced fenestration capabilities, multi-zone airflow modeling, more robust HVAC equipment models, more flexible system modeling, and photovoltaic simulation. Currently, more than 10 private sector companies have stated their intentions to create user interfaces for EnergyPlus. Since EnergyPlus was released in April 2001, more than 20,000 copies have been downloaded, with users in more than 90 countries. C1 US DOE, Off Bldg Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. DHL Consulting, Pagosa Springs, CO USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Bldg Syst Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Simulat Res Grp, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA USA. GARD Analyt, Park Ridge, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Architecture, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Bldg & Thermal Syst, Golden, CO USA. RP Crawley, DB (reprint author), US DOE, Off Bldg Technol, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM Drury.Crawley@ee.doe.gov NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU LOCKE SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI CHICAGO PA 117 WEST HARRISON BLDG SUITE 640-L221, CHICAGO, IL 60605 USA SN 0738-0895 J9 J ARCHIT PLAN RES JI J. Archit. Plan. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 292 EP 302 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA 883RO UT WOS:000226033600003 ER PT J AU Hitchcock, RJ AF Hitchcock, RJ TI Software interoperability in support of whole-building performance assurance SO JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Whole-building integrated design and operations can result in buildings that are of overall higher quality and performance throughout their useful life. This approach requires the repeated evaluation of building performance from multiple perspectives, as well as the communication Of evaluation results between project participants over time. The resources necessary for employing sophisticated simulation tools in this process have historically been prohibitive. The alternative of making design and operation decisions based on rules-of-thumb and simplified methods can lead to suboptimal performance. Even when individual participants do employ simulation, the results are seldom communicated between participants to assure whole-building performance across the life-cycle. Software interoperability proffers a partial solution to these problems by defining a common data model for exchanging a comprehensive set of building data between software tools and their users. This paper discusses software interoperability capable of supporting data exchange between project participants and their tools across the building life-cycle. An overview is given of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), a common data model developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). A working implementation example of software interoperability including CAD, energy simulation, and performance metric tracking tools is presented within a context of life-cycle information management intended to support whole-building performance assurance. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Hitchcock, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Dept, 901 D St SW,Suite 950, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LOCKE SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI CHICAGO PA 117 WEST HARRISON BLDG SUITE 640-L221, CHICAGO, IL 60605 USA SN 0738-0895 J9 J ARCHIT PLAN RES JI J. Archit. Plan. Res. PD WIN PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 303 EP 311 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Urban Studies GA 883RO UT WOS:000226033600004 ER PT J AU Navar, J Mendez, E Najera, A Graciano, J Dale, V Parresol, B AF Navar, J Mendez, E Najera, A Graciano, J Dale, V Parresol, B TI Biomass equations for shrub species of Tamaulipan thornscrub of North-eastern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE above-ground biomass components; additive least-squares techniques; arid; semi-arid and subtropical shrub species ID FOREST INVENTORY DATA; FORCING ADDITIVITY; UNITED-STATES; BIG SAGEBRUSH; TABLES; TREES; REGION; STANDS; MODEL; FUEL AB Nine additive allometric equations for computing above-ground, standing biomass were developed for the plant community and for each of 18 single species typical of the Tamaulipan thornscrub of north-eastern Mexico. Equations developed using additive procedures in seemingly unrelated linear regression provided statistical efficiency in total biomass estimates at the scales of both individual species and at the plant community. A single equation for each species improves efficiency in biomass estimates by 12.5% in contrast to using a single equation for the plant community. Therefore, additive equations developed in seemingly unrelated linear regression of parameter estimation are recommended to compute biomass components and total biomass for the species described. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UANL, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Leon 67700, Mexico. Inst Tecnol Forestal, Durango, Mexico. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. RP Navar, J (reprint author), UANL, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Km 145,Carretera Nacl Linares Cd Victoria,Linares, Leon 67700, Mexico. EM jnavar@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx; dalevh@ornl.gov; bparresol@fs.fed.us RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 33 TC 35 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 4 BP 657 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.02.010 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854NG UT WOS:000223910000002 ER PT J AU Ferrare, RA Browell, EV Ismail, S Kooi, SA Brasseur, LH Brackett, VG Clayton, MB Barrick, JDW Diskin, GS Goldsmith, JEM Lesht, BM Podolske, JR Sachse, GW Schmidlin, FJ Turner, DD Whiteman, DN Tobin, D Miloshevich, LM Revercomb, HE Demoz, BB DI Girolamo, P AF Ferrare, RA Browell, EV Ismail, S Kooi, SA Brasseur, LH Brackett, VG Clayton, MB Barrick, JDW Diskin, GS Goldsmith, JEM Lesht, BM Podolske, JR Sachse, GW Schmidlin, FJ Turner, DD Whiteman, DN Tobin, D Miloshevich, LM Revercomb, HE Demoz, BB DI Girolamo, P TI Characterization of upper-troposphere water vapor measurements during AFWEX using LASE SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CHILLED-MIRROR HYGROMETER; RAMAN LIDAR TECHNIQUE; EXPLICIT MICROPHYSICS; HUMIDITY MEASUREMENTS; RADIOSONDE; RADIATION; REGION; PERFORMANCE AB Water vapor mass mixing ratio profiles from NASA's Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) system acquired during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)-First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment (FIRE) Water Vapor Experiment (AFWEX) are used as a reference to characterize upper-troposphere water vapor (UTWV) measured by ground-based Raman lidars, radiosondes, and in situ aircraft sensors over the Department of Energy (DOE) ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in northern Oklahoma. LASE was deployed from the NASA DC-8 aircraft and measured water vapor over the ARM SGP Central Facility (CF) site during seven flights between 27 November and 10 December 2000. Initially, the DOE ARM SGP Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Raman lidar (CARL) UTWV profiles were about 5%-7% wetter than LASE in the upper troposphere, and the Vaisala RS80-H radiosonde profiles were about 10% drier than LASE between 8 and 12 km. Scaling the Vaisala water vapor profiles to match the precipitable water vapor (PWV) measured by the ARM SGP microwave radiometer (MWR) did not change these results significantly. By accounting for an overlap correction of the CARL water vapor profiles and by employing schemes designed to correct the Vaisala RS80-H calibration method and account for the time response of the Vaisala RS80-H water vapor sensor, the average differences between the CARL and Vaisala radiosonde upper-troposphere water vapor profiles are reduced to about 5%, which is within the ARM goal of mean differences of less than 10%. The LASE and DC-8 in situ diode laser hygrometer (DLH) UTWV measurements generally agreed to within about 3%-4%. The DC-8 in situ frost point cryogenic hygrometer and Snow White chilled-mirror measurements were drier than the LASE, Raman lidars, and corrected Vaisala RS80H measurements by about 10%-25% and 10%-15%, respectively. Sippican (formerly VIZ Manufacturing) carbon hygristor radiosondes exhibited large variabilities and poor agreement with the other measurements. PWV derived from the LASE profiles agreed to within about 3% on average with PWV derived from the ARM SGP microwave radiometer. The agreement between the LASE and MWR PWV and the LASE and CARL UTWV measurements supports the hypotheses that MWR measurements of the 22-GHz water vapor line can accurately constrain the total water vapor amount and that the CART Raman lidar, when calibrated using the MWR PWV, can provide an accurate, stable reference for characterizing upper-troposphere water vapor. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SAIC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Basilicata, DIFA, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. RP Ferrare, RA (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, SAIC, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov RI Demoz, Belay/N-4130-2014; OI Lesht, Barry/0000-0003-0801-4290 NR 79 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 1790 EP 1808 DI 10.1175/JTECH-1652.1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 885VD UT WOS:000226184300004 ER PT J AU Wan, XF VerBerkmoes, NC McCue, LA Stanek, D Connelly, H Hauser, LJ Wu, LY Liu, XD Yan, TF Leaphart, A Hettich, RL Zhou, JZ Thompson, DK AF Wan, XF VerBerkmoes, NC McCue, LA Stanek, D Connelly, H Hauser, LJ Wu, LY Liu, XD Yan, TF Leaphart, A Hettich, RL Zhou, JZ Thompson, DK TI Transcriptomic and proteomic characterization of the fur modulon in the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERRIC-UPTAKE REGULATOR; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MICROBIAL GENE IDENTIFICATION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; IRON TRANSPORT AB The availability of the complete genome sequence for Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 has permitted a comprehensive characterization of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) modulon in this dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium. We have employed targeted gene mutagenesis, DNA microarrays, proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and computational motif discovery tools to define the S. oneidensis Fur regulon. Using this integrated approach, we identified nine probable operons (containing 24 genes) and 15 individual open reading frames (ORFs), either with unknown functions or encoding products annotated as transport or binding proteins, that are predicted to be direct targets of Fur-mediated repression. This study suggested, for the first time, possible roles for four operons and eight ORFs with unknown functions in iron metabolism or iron transport-related functions. Proteomic analysis clearly identified a number of transporters, binding proteins, and receptors related to iron uptake that were up-regulated in response to a fur deletion and verified the expression of nine genes originally annotated as pseudogenes. Comparison of the transcriptome and proteome data revealed strong correlation for genes shown to be undergoing large changes at the transcript level. A number of genes encoding components of the electron transport system were also differentially expressed in a fur deletion mutant. The gene omcA (SO1779), which encodes a decaheme cytochrome c, exhibited significant decreases in both mRNA and protein abundance in the fur mutant and possessed a strong candidate Fur-binding site in its upstream region, thus suggesting that omcA may be a direct target of Fur activation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Thompson, DK (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM thompsondk@ornl.gov RI Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; McCue, Lee Ann/0000-0003-4456-517X NR 72 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 6 U2 32 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 186 IS 24 BP 8385 EP 8400 DI 10.1128/JB.186.24.8385-8400.2004 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 878TQ UT WOS:000225670300027 PM 15576789 ER PT J AU Epting, CL Lopez, JE Shen, X Liu, LS Bristow, J Bernstein, HS AF Epting, CL Lopez, JE Shen, X Liu, LS Bristow, J Bernstein, HS TI Stem cell antigen-1 is necessary for cell-cycle withdrawal and myoblast differentiation in C2C12 cells SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sca-1; myoblast fusion; cell-cycle withdrawal; Ly-6; GPI-anchored proteins; muscle regeneration ID GPI-ANCHORED PROTEINS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TYROSINE KINASE; N-CADHERIN; MYOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; LIPID RAFTS; INTEGRIN; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION AB Extracellular signaling pathways regulating myoblast differentiation and cell-cycle withdrawal are not completely understood. Stem cell antigen-1 (Sea-1/ Ly-6A/E) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein known for its role in T-cell activation, and recently described as a marker for regeneration-competent myoblasts. We previously determined that expression of Sca-1/1Ly-6A is transiently upregulated during myocyte cell-cycle withdrawal; however, a specific function for Sca-1 in myogenesis has not been described. Here, we show that Sca-1 expression on the surface of a subpopulation of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts is maximal at the time of cell-cycle withdrawal, and that blocking Sca-1 with monoclonal antibodies or downregulating Sca-1 expression by antisense both promotes proliferation and inhibits myotube formation. Downregulating Sca-1 expression derepresses Fyn at the time of myoblast cell-cycle withdrawal, and dominant-negative and constitutively active Fyn mutants rescue and recapitulate the Sca-1 antisense phenotype, respectively. This suggests a Fyn-mediated mechanism for Sca-1 action. Thus, we demonstrate an unprecedented role for Sca-1 in early myogenesis in C2C12 cells, and propose a novel pathway from the myoblast cell surface to intracellular signaling networks controlling proliferation versus differentiation in mammalian muscle. These findings suggest that, beyond its role as a marker for muscle progenitors, Sca-1 may be an important therapeutic target for promoting muscle regeneration. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bernstein, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM hsbernstein@pedcard.ucsf.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL62174, HL66727, T32HL07544]; NIAMS NIH HHS [L40 AR051667]; NICHD NIH HHS [K12-HD00850] NR 45 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 117 IS 25 BP 6185 EP 6195 DI 10.1242/jcs.01548 PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 891OC UT WOS:000226589400024 PM 15546912 ER PT J AU Baltrus, JP AF Baltrus, JP TI The 13th annual James L. Waters Symposium at Pittcon: Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID IR SPECTROMETRY C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Baltrus, JP (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM baltrus@netl.doe.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1725 EP 1725 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 870ZQ UT WOS:000225098400004 ER PT J AU Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT AF Liu, P Rodriguez, JA Muckerman, JT TI The chemical activity of metal compound nanoparticles: Importance of electronic and steric effects in M8C12 (M=Ti, V, Mo) metcars SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METALLOCARBOHEDRENES M8C12; ADSORPTION; CLUSTERS; GOLD; SO2; CARBIDES; DECOMPOSITION; NANOCRYSTALS; REACTIVITY; ACTIVATION AB Density functional theory was employed to investigate the chemical activity of metal carbide nanoparticles. The present calculations indicate that M8C12 (M=Ti, V, Mo) nanoparticles exhibit a unique behavior compared to metal [M(001)] and metal carbide surfaces [M2C(001) and MC(001)]. It is found that the nanoparticles behave very reactive in spite of the high carbon concentration in some reactions, while surprisingly inert in other cases. Our study reveals that the unexpected activity is the result of the interplay of shifts in the metal d-bands and distortions in the geometry of the metal carbide nanoparticles. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 21 BP 10321 EP 10324 DI 10.1063/1.1825374 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 871LX UT WOS:000225136300001 PM 15549908 ER PT J AU Maisuradze, GG Kawano, A Thompson, DL Wagner, AF Minkoff, M AF Maisuradze, GG Kawano, A Thompson, DL Wagner, AF Minkoff, M TI Interpolating moving least-squares methods for fitting potential energy surfaces: Analysis of an application to a six-dimensional system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS AB The basic formal and numerical aspects of different degree interpolated moving least-squares (IMLS) methods are applied to a six-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) of the HOOH molecule, for which an analytic ("exact") potential is available in the literature. The results of systematic investigations of the effects of weight function parameters, the degree and partial degree of IMLS, the number of data points allowed, and the optimal automatic point selection of data points up to full third-degree IMLS fits are reported. With partial reduction of cross terms and automatic point selection the full six-dimensional HOOH PES can be fit over a range of 100 kcal/mol to an accuracy of less than 1 kcal/mol with similar to1350 ab initio points. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maisuradze, GG (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 21 BP 10329 EP 10338 DI 10.1063/1.1810477 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 871LX UT WOS:000225136300003 PM 15549910 ER PT J AU Mancal, T Fleming, GR AF Mancal, T Fleming, GR TI Probing electronic coupling in excitonically coupled heterodimer complexes by two-color three-pulse photon echoes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SOLVATION DYNAMICS AB Following the earlier work of Yang [J. Chem. Phys. 110 (1999) 2983] analytical expressions for the downhill and uphill resonant two-color three-pulse photon echo peak shift (2C-3PEPS) of a heterodimer system are derived in the impulsive limit. It is shown how to obtain information about coupling between the components of the dimer from the combined one- and two-color peak shift measurements. Further analytical relations are derived which enable site specific information about the environment of the components, including the relative difference of the inhomogeneity and the difference between the energy-gap correlation functions on the heterodimer sites to be obtained. The simulations show only a very small influence of the laser pulse length on the measured values of coupling coefficient and other relevant quantities suggesting that current 2C-3PEPS measurements can find practical application in directly measuring couplings in excitonically coupled heterodimer complexes. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mancal, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM grfleming@lbl.gov RI Mancal, Tomas/B-9688-2014 OI Mancal, Tomas/0000-0003-1736-3054 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 21 BP 10556 EP 10565 DI 10.1063/1.1807816 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 871LX UT WOS:000225136300032 PM 15549939 ER PT J AU Kang, JK Lee, JY Muller, RP Goddard, WA AF Kang, JK Lee, JY Muller, RP Goddard, WA TI Hydrogen storage in LiAlH4: Predictions of the crystal structures and reaction mechanisms of intermediate phases from quantum mechanics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRON-GAS; ENERGY; ACCURATE AB We use the density functional theory and x-ray and neutron diffraction to investigate the crystal structures and reaction mechanisms of intermediate phases likely to be involved in decomposition of the potential hydrogen storage material LiAlH4. First, we explore the decomposition mechanism of monoclinic LiAlH4 into monoclinic Li3AlH6 plus face-centered cubic (fcc) Al and hydrogen. We find that this reaction proceeds through a five-step mechanism with an overall activation barrier of 36.9 kcal/mol. The simulated x ray and neutron diffraction patterns from LiAlH4 and Li3AlH6 agree well with experimental data. On the other hand, the alternative decomposition of LiAlH4 into LiAlH2 plus H-2 is predicted to be unstable with respect to that through Li3AlH6. Next, we investigate thermal decomposition of Li3AlH6 into fcc LiH plus Al and hydrogen, occurring through a four-step mechanism with an activation barrier of 17.4 kcal/mol for the rate-limiting step. In the first and second steps, two Li atoms accept two H atoms from AlH6 to form the stable Li-H-Li-H complex. Then, two sequential H-2 desorption steps are followed, which eventually result in fcc LiH plus fcc Al and hydrogen: Li3AlH6(monoclinic)-->3 LiH(fcc)+Al(fcc)+3/2 H-2 is endothermic by 15.8 kcal/mol. The dissociation energy of 15.8 kcal/mol per formula unit compares to experimental enthalpies in the range of 9.8-23.9 kcal/mol. Finally, we explore thermal decomposition of LiH, LiH(s)+Al(s)-->LiAl(s)+1/2H(2)(g) is endothermic by 4.6 kcal/mol. The B32 phase, which we predict as the lowest energy structure for LiAl, shows covalent bond characters in the Al-Al direction. Additionally, we determine that transformation of LiH plus Al into LiAlH is unstable with respect to transformation of LiH through LiAl. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RI Kang, Jeung ku/C-1610-2011 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 121 IS 21 BP 10623 EP 10633 DI 10.1063/1.1795731 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 871LX UT WOS:000225136300038 PM 15549945 ER PT J AU Anderson, GK AF Anderson, GK TI Enthalpy of dissociation and hydration number of methane hydrate from the Clapeyron equation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE methane hydrate; enthalpy of dissociation; hydration number; Clapeyron equation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HIGH-PRESSURES; WATER; EQUILIBRIUM; NITROGEN; ETHANE; SOLUBILITY; MIXTURES; LIQUIDS; SYSTEMS AB The enthalpies of the reactions in which methane hydrate is dissociated to methane vapor and either (1) water, or (2) ice are determined by a new analysis using the Clapeyron equation. The difference in enthalpies of the two reactions is used to infer the hydration number at the quadruple point where hydrate, ice, liquid water, and methane vapor coexist. By appropriate corrections, the hydration number at points removed from the quadruple point is also determined. The most important feature of the new analysis is the direct use of the Clapeyron equation. The method avoids the use of certain simplifying assumptions that have compromised the accuracy of previous analyses in which the Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used. The analysis takes into account the finite volumes of all phases, the non-ideality of the vapor phase, and the solubility of methane in water. The results show that the enthalpy of dissociation and hydration number are constant within experimental error over the entire (hydrate, liquid, vapor) coexistence region. The results are more accurate than but entirely consistent with almost all previous studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, GK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J-567,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM graydon@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 36 IS 12 BP 1119 EP 1127 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2004.07.005 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 872UU UT WOS:000225235000009 ER PT J AU Sengupta, M Clothiaux, EE Ackerman, TP AF Sengupta, M Clothiaux, EE Ackerman, TP TI Climatology of warm boundary layer clouds at the ARM SGP site and their comparison to models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; TOP ENTRAINMENT INSTABILITY; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; SOLAR-RADIATION; REMOTE SENSORS; ETA-MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SCHEME; TEMPERATURE AB A 4-yr climatology (1997-2000) of warm boundary layer cloud properties is developed for the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. Parameters in the climatology include cloud liquid water path, cloud-base height, and surface solar flux. These parameters are retrieved from measurements produced by a dual-channel microwave radiometer, a millimeter-wave cloud radar, a micropulse lidar, a Belfort ceilometer, shortwave radiometers, and atmospheric temperature profiles amalgamated from multiple sources, including radiosondes. While no significant interannual differences are observed in the datasets, there are diurnal variations with nighttime liquid water paths consistently higher than daytime values. The summer months of June, July, and August have the lowest liquid water paths and the highest cloud-base heights. Model outputs of cloud liquid water paths from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model and the Eta Model for 104 model output location time series (MOLTS) stations in the environs of the SGP central facility are compared to observations. The ECMWF and MOLTS median liquid water paths are greater than 3 times the observed values. The MOLTS data show lower liquid water paths in summer, which is consistent with observations, while the ECMWF data exhibit the opposite tendency. A parameterization of normalized cloud forcing that requires only cloud liquid water path and solar zenith angle is developed from the observations. The parameterization, which has a correlation coefficient of 0.81 with the observations, provides estimates of surface solar flux that are comparable to values obtained from explicit radiative transfer calculations based on plane-parallel theory. This parameterization is used to estimate the impact on the surface solar flux of differences in the liquid water paths between models and observations. Overall, there is a low bias of 50% in modeled normalized cloud forcing resulting from the excess liquid water paths in the two models. Splitting the liquid water path into two components, cloud thickness and liquid water content, shows that the higher liquid water paths in the model outputs are primarily a result of higher liquid water contents, although cloud thickness may a play a role, especially for the ECMWF model results. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sengupta, M (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sengupta@cira.colostate.edu NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 17 IS 24 BP 4760 EP 4782 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3231.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 884KZ UT WOS:000226084900013 ER PT J AU Gardner, SN Lam, MW Mulakken, NJ Torres, CL Smith, JR Slezak, TR AF Gardner, SN Lam, MW Mulakken, NJ Torres, CL Smith, JR Slezak, TR TI Sequencing needs for viral diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We built a system to guide decisions regarding the amount of genomic sequencing required to develop diagnostic DNA signatures, which are short sequences that are sufficient to uniquely identify a viral species. We used our existing DNA diagnostic signature prediction pipeline, which selects regions of a target species genome that are conserved among strains of the target (for reliability, to prevent false negatives) and unique relative to other species (for specificity, to avoid false positives). We performed simulations, based on existing sequence data, to assess the number of genome sequences of a target species and of close phylogenetic relatives (near neighbors) that are required to predict diagnostic signature regions that are conserved among strains of the target species and unique relative to other bacterial and viral species. For DNA viruses such as variola (smallpox), three target genomes provide sufficient guidance for selecting species-wide signatures. Three near-neighbor genomes are critical for species specificity. In contrast, most RNA viruses require four target genomes and no near-neighbor genomes, since lack of conservation among strains is more limiting than uniqueness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola Zaire are exceptional, as additional target genomes currently do not improve predictions, but near-neighbor sequences are urgently needed. Our results also indicate that double-stranded DNA viruses are more conserved among strains than are RNA viruses, since in most cases there was at least one conserved signature candidate for the DNA viruses and zero conserved signature candidates for the RNA viruses. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gardner, SN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-174, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gardner26@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 42 IS 12 BP 5472 EP 5476 DI 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5472-5476.2004 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883SK UT WOS:000226035800007 PM 15583268 ER PT J AU Thomas, TN Land, TA Johnson, M Casey, WH AF Thomas, TN Land, TA Johnson, M Casey, WH TI Molecular properties of adsorbates that affect the growth kinetics of archerite (KDP) SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE KDP; crystal growth; phosphates AFM; adsorbates ID CRYSTALS; RHODIUM(III); COMPLEXES; SURFACES; KH2PO4 AB We explore the molecular properties of adsorbates that dramatically affect growth kinetics and morphology of the {100} face of archerite, also known as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4 or KDP). Aqueous complexes of Al(III), Fe(III), and Cr(III) are known to affect KDP growth, albeit the actual step-pinning complex(es) is unknown. Using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), we measured changes in the growth rates of the {100} face of KDP with supersaturation in the presence of trace amounts of [Co(NH3)(6)](3+), [Fe(CN)(6)](3-), eta(1)-[Co(NH3)(5)HPO4](+), beta(2)-[Co(NH3)(4)HPO4](+), eta(2)-[Co(NH3)(4)P2O7H2](+,) and [Rh(H2PO4)(2)(H2O)(4)](+). Unlike in experiments using trivalent-metals, these complexes do not change stoichiometry or structure on the timescale of step motion, so that the actual molecular interactions that affect growth can be Studied. Step velocity and morphology on the {100} face are unaffected by outer-sphere coordination complexes of either charge. Surprisingly, inner-sphere phosphatommine complexes do not affect growth rates regardless of how the phosphate group is coordinated to the metal. However, doping the growth solution with [Rh(H2PO4)(2)(H2O)(4)](+) results in profound step pinning, matching the behavior of KDP surfaces grown in the presence of Rh(III) after an equilibration period. Not only is an inner-sphere phosphate group needed to dock a trivalent metal to the step edge, but compatible hydrogen bonding of the remainder of the inner-sphere ligands with the bulk lattice is also essential. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Chem Grad Grp, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Livermore, CA USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Casey, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Chem Grad Grp, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, 1110 PES Bldg,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM whcasey@ucdavis.edu NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 280 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.07.051 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 872TP UT WOS:000225231700003 PM 15476769 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, C Grate, LR Jordan, MI El Ghaoui, L Mian, IS AF Bhattacharyya, C Grate, LR Jordan, MI El Ghaoui, L Mian, IS TI Robust sparse hyperplane classifiers: Application to uncertain molecular profiling data SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE robust sparse hyperplanes; second-order cone program; linear programming; breast cancer; molecular profiling; two-class high-dimensional data ID GENE-EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; CLASSIFICATION; ADENOCARCINOMA; CARCINOMAS; CANCER; SUBCLASSES; PREDICTION; LUNG AB Molecular profiling studies can generate abundance measurements for thousands of transcripts, proteins, metabolites, or other species in, for example, normal and tumor tissue samples. Treating such measurements as features and the samples as labeled data points, sparse hyperplanes provide a statistical methodology for classifying data points into one of two categories ( classification and prediction) and defining a small subset of discriminatory features ( relevant feature identification). However, this and other extant classification methods address only implicitly the issue of observed data being a combination of underlying signals and noise. Recently, robust optimization has emerged as a powerful framework for handling uncertain data explicitly. Here, ideas from this field are exploited to develop robust sparse hyperplanes, i.e., classification and relevant feature identification algorithms that are resilient to variation in the data. Specifically, each data point is associated with an explicit data uncertainty model in the form of an ellipsoid parameterized by a center and covariance matrix. The task of learning a robust sparse hyperplane from such data is formulated as a second order cone program (SOCP). Gaussian and distribution-free data uncertainty models are shown to yield SOCPs that are equivalent to the SCOP based on ellipsoidal uncertainty. The real-world utility of robust sparse hyperplanes is demonstrated via retrospective analysis of breast cancer related transcript profiles. Data-dependent heuristics are used to compute the parameters of each ellipsoidal data uncertainty model. The generalization performance of a specific implementation, designated "robust Liknon," is better than its nominal counterpart. Finally, the strengths and limitations of robust sparse hyperplanes are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, C (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Comp Sci & Automat, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM chiru@csa.iisc.ernet.in NR 32 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1066-5277 J9 J COMPUT BIOL JI J. Comput. Biol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1089 DI 10.1089/cmb.2004.11.1073 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 893WD UT WOS:000226750300005 PM 15662199 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, HP TI Quantum leaps in philosophy of mind - Reply to Bourget's critique SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES LA English DT Article AB David Bourget (2004) has raised some conceptual and technical objections to my development of von Neumann's treatment of the Copenhagen idea that the purely physical process described by the Schrodinger equation must be supplemented by a psychophysical process called the choice of the experiment by Bohr and Process 1 by von Neumann. I answer here each of Bourget's objections. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 1355-8250 J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD JI J. Conscious. Stud. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 12 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 878LF UT WOS:000225647600003 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Kostov, V Freese, K Frieman, JA Gondolo, P AF Wang, Y Kostov, V Freese, K Frieman, JA Gondolo, P TI Probing the evolution of the dark energy density with future supernova surveys SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark energy theory; supernova type Ia; classical tests of cosmology ID ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; CARDASSIAN EXPANSION; IA SUPERNOVAE; UNIVERSE; MATTER; MODEL; QUINTESSENCE; STATEFINDER AB The time dependence of the dark energy density can be an important clue to the nature of dark energy in the universe. We show that future supernova data from dedicated telescopes ( such as SNAP), when combined with data of nearby supernovae, can be used to determine how the dark energy density rho(X)(z) depends on redshift, if rho(X)( z) is not too close to a constant. For quantitative comparison, we have done an extensive study of a number of dark energy models. Based on these models we have simulated data sets in order to show that we can indeed reconstruct the correct sign of the time dependence of the dark energy density, outside of a degeneracy region centred on 1 + w(0) similar or equal to - w(1)z(max)/3 ( where z(max) is the maximum redshift of the survey; for example, z(max) = 1.7 for SNAP). C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Ctr Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM wang@nhn.ou.edu; kostov@nhn.ou.edu; ktfreese@umich.edu; frieman@fnal.gov; paolo@physics.utah.edu RI Wang, Yun/B-5724-2011 OI Wang, Yun/0000-0002-4749-2984 NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 IS 12 AR 003 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2004/12/003 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 884MI UT WOS:000226089000010 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Kratochvil, JM Linde, A Shmakova, M AF Wang, Y Kratochvil, JM Linde, A Shmakova, M TI Current observational constraints on cosmic doomsday SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark energy theory; supernova type Ia; cosmology of theories beyond the SM ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; FLUX-AVERAGING ANALYSIS; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; DARK ENERGY; UNIVERSE; ANISOTROPY; DENSITY; MATTER AB In a broad class of dark energy models, the universe may collapse within a finite time t(c). Here we study a representative model of dark energy with a linear potential, V (phi) = V-0(1 + alphaphi). This model is the simplest doomsday model, in which the universe collapses rather quickly after it stops expanding. Observational data from type Ia supernovae ( SNe Ia), cosmic microwave background anisotropy (CMB), and large scale structure (LSS) are complementary in constraining dark energy models. Using the new SN Ia data (the Riess sample), the CMB data from WMAP, and the LSS data from 2dF, we find that the collapse time of the universe is t(c) greater than or similar to 42 (24) Gyr from today at 68% (95%) confidence. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, 440 W Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM wang@nhn.ou.edu; jank@stanford.edu; alinde@stanford.edu; shmakova@stanford.edu RI Wang, Yun/B-5724-2011 OI Wang, Yun/0000-0002-4749-2984 NR 78 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 IS 12 AR 006 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2004/12/006 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 884MI UT WOS:000226089000007 ER PT J AU Dohner, JL Eisler, GR Driessen, BJ Hurtado, J AF Dohner, JL Eisler, GR Driessen, BJ Hurtado, J TI Cooperative control of vehicle swarms for acoustic target localization by energy flows SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A control algorithm has been developed and experimentally validated for guiding swarms of robotic vehicles to acoustic targets. This novel algorithm uses pressure measurements from a set of sensors, each attached to a vehicle of the swarm, to deduce energy flows from the environment, and to move in the direction of maximum reflected intensity while controlling constraints between vehicles. The algorithm was validated using a collective of eight hand-placed microphones in an open-space area with a 50-m separation between an emitter and scatterer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dohner, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1080, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2004 VL 126 IS 4 BP 891 EP 895 DI 10.1115/1.1852463 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 914CE UT WOS:000228201400020 ER PT J AU Glaser, PH Siegel, DI Reeve, AS Janssens, JA Janecky, DR AF Glaser, PH Siegel, DI Reeve, AS Janssens, JA Janecky, DR TI Tectonic drivers for vegetation patterning and landscape evolution in the Albany River region of the Hudson Bay Lowlands SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bogs; fens; peat landforms; vegetation patterning; groundwater; acidification; water chemistry; isostatic rebound ID LAKE-AGASSIZ PEATLANDS; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; RAISED BOGS; NATURAL-WATERS; PEAT FORMATION; PORE-WATER; MINNESOTA; MIRES; GROUNDWATER; CHECKLIST AB 1. Groundwater-peatland interactions were assessed by a regional survey in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, where the rapid rate of isostatic uplift has perturbed hydrological flow systems across a 6000-year chronosequence. 2. A 24 000 km(2) study area along the Albany River consists of 55% fen, 35% bog and 10% mineral soil. The peatland vegetation may be further subdivided into 11 noda, which are closely related to different water levels, ranges in water chemistry, and peat landform type. Species richness generally declines with increasing water level and acidity, whereas the gradient from bog to extremely rich fen is marked by the changing abundance and occurrence of fen-indicator species. 3. Bog landforms are restricted to physiographic settings where surface waters flow downwards and the bog vegetation is therefore isotated from the influence of geogenous waters. In contrast, fens are located in areas where mineral solutes are transported to the peat surface either by upwelling groundwater or by advective/dispersion along lateral flow paths. 4. Peatlands spread across the study area between 6000 and 3000 BP, coinciding with the emergence of new land from the sea. The release of organic acids from the nearly continuous peat cover acidified this calcareous landscape, leading to the convergence of the surface-water chemistry into four discrete groupings of pH vs. calcium. 5. Isostatic uplift, however, continues to alter the topography, fluvial geometry and groundwater flow systems of the lowlands, maintaining diverse peatland types on land surfaces of similar age. The formation of water-table mounds under the interfluvial divides and rising moraine system spurred the development of raised bogs, whereas the formation of regional seepage faces for goundwater on the margins of the moraine and rivers of the till plain maintains large areas of fen. 6. Although peatland succession seems to follow predictable pathways within a given hydrogeological setting, these pathways are locally altered by tectonic drivers that continually modify surface and groundwater flow systems. In this large peat basin the pace and pathway of peatland succession seems to be driven by tectonic rather than climatic forcing. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol & Behav Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Glaser, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM glase001@umn.edu NR 67 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 92 IS 6 BP 1054 EP U2 DI 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00930.x PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 878FG UT WOS:000225631400013 ER PT J AU Jahnke, T Weber, T Osipov, T Landers, AL Jagutzki, O Schmidt, LPH Cocke, CL Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R AF Jahnke, T Weber, T Osipov, T Landers, AL Jagutzki, O Schmidt, LPH Cocke, CL Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R TI Multicoincidence studies of photo and Auger electrons from fixed-in-space molecules using the COLTRIMS technique SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE photoionization; fixed-in-space molecules; hardware ID PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; INNER-VALENCE PHOTOIONIZATION; K-SHELL PHOTOIONIZATION; ORIENTED CO MOLECULES; RECOIL-ION; MOMENTUM SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; DYNAMICS; RESOLUTION; N-2 AB This report will introduce the reader to the method of measuring electron and ion momentum distributions from fixed-in-space molecules using modified versions of the COLTRIMS technique. Following the introduction and a description of the working principles of this technique, a detailed discussion of the design of the electron and the ion detection part of the spectrometer will be presented. The actual measurement represents only a minor fraction of a COLTRIMS-like experiment. We therefore give an in-depth view at the basics of the offline-analysis for the field of detecting multiple particles from a Coulomb exploding molecule. Achievable resolutions, the possibilities of background suppression via multiparticle software coincidence methods, and the improvement of electron momentum resolution by center-of-mass-correction will be discussed, followed by an example of a setup for low energy electrons (<10 eV). Apart from the introduction to the treatment of the acquired data, a recent development on the hardware of the spectrometer will be presented. We have for the first time used a retarding field in the spectrometer's electron arm. This provides the possibility of measuring high energy Auger electrons of similar to300 eV A typical implementation for an experiment on Auger electrons from fixed-in-space nitrogen will be shown. The article will close with examples of recent measurements of photoionization of fixed-in-space carbon monoxide. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dorner, R (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, August Euler Str 6, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. EM doerner@hsb.uni-frankfurt.de RI Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013 OI Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704 NR 36 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 EI 1873-2526 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 141 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2004.06.010 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 876CN UT WOS:000225473400016 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT Rejent, JA Kilgo, AC AF Vianco, PT Rejent, JA Kilgo, AC TI Creep behavior of the ternary 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder: Part II - Aged condition SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lead-Free Solders and Processing Issues Relevant to Microelectronic Packaging held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS Elect, Matgnet & Photon Mat Div Elect Packaging & Interconnect Mat Comm DE tin-silver-copper (Sn-Ag-Cu) solder; constitutive model; reliability; creep ID NEGATIVE CREEP; CU; ALLOYS; JOINTS AB Compression creep tests were performed on the 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu (wt.%) solder. The specimens were aged prior to testing at 125degreesC, 24 h or 150degreesC, 24 h. Applied stresses were 2-40 MPa. Test temperatures were -25degreesC to 160degreesC. The 125degreesC, 24-h aging treatment caused the formation of coarsened Ag3Sn particle boundaries within the larger ternary-eutectic regions. The 150degreesC, 24-h aging treatment resulted in contiguous Ag3Sn boundaries in the ternary-eutectic regions as well as a general coarsening of Ag3Sn particles. The 125degreesC, 24-h aging treatment had only a small effect on the strain-time curves vis-A-vis the as-cast condition. Negative creep was observed at 75degreesC for time periods >10(5) see and stresses of 3-10 MPa. The creep kinetics exhibited a sinh term (stress) exponent, p, of 5.3 +/- 0.6 and an apparent-activation energy, DeltaH, of 49 +/- 5 kJ/mol when data from all test temperatures were included. A good data correlation was observed over the [-25-125degreesC] temperature regime. Steady-state creep kinetics exhibited a greater variability in the [125-160degreesC] regime because of the simultaneous coarsening of Ag3Sn particles. The aging treatment of 150degreesC for 24 h resulted in a more consistent stress dependence and better reproducibility of the creep curves. Negative creep was observed in samples aged at 150degreesC for 24 h when tested at -25degreesC, 25degreesC, and 75degreesC. The values of p and AH were 4.9 +/- 0.3 kJ/mol and 6 +/- 5 kJ/mol, respectively. Only a slight improvement in the data correlation was observed when the analysis examined separated [-25-75degreesC] and [75-166degreesC] temperature regimes. Creep testing did not cause observable deformation in any of the sample microstructures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ptvianc@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1473 EP 1484 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0089-7 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 881UF UT WOS:000225894200010 ER PT J AU Anderson, IE Harringa, JL AF Anderson, IE Harringa, JL TI Elevated temperature aging of solder joints based on Sn-Ag-Cu: Effects on joint microstructure and shear strength SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Lead-Free Solders and Processing Issues Relevant to Microelectronic Packaging held at the 2004 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 14-18, 2004 CL Charlotte, NC SP TMS Elect, Matgnet & Photon Mat Div Elect Packaging & Interconnect Mat Comm DE lead-free solder; shear strength; joint microstructure; thermal aging ID LEAD-FREE SOLDERS; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR AB The shear strength behavior and microstructural effects after aging for 100 h and 1,000 h at 150degreesC are reported for near-eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder joints (joining to Cu) made from Sn-3.5Ag (wt.%) and a set of SAC alloys (including Co- and Fe-modified SAC alloys). All joints in the as-soldered and 100-h aged condition experienced shear failure in a ductile manner by either uniform shear of the solder matrix (in the strongest solders) or by a more localized shear of the solder matrix adjacent to the Cu6Sn5 interfacial layer, consistent with other observations. After 1,000 h of aging, a level of embrittlement of the Cu3Sn/Cu interface can be detected in some solder joints made with all of the SAC alloys and with Sn-3.5Ag, which can lead to partial debonding during shear testing. However, only ductile failure was observed in all solder joints made from the Co- and Fe-modified SAC alloys after aging for 1,000 h. Thus, the strategy of modifying a strong (high Cu content) SAC solder alloy with a substitutional alloy addition for Cu seems to be effective for producing a solder joint that retains both strength and ductility for extended isothermal aging at high temperatures. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, IE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM andersoni@ameslab.gov NR 29 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 33 IS 12 BP 1485 EP 1496 DI 10.1007/s11664-004-0090-1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 881UF UT WOS:000225894200011 ER PT J AU Geffen, C Judd, K AF Geffen, C Judd, K TI Innovation through initiatives - a framework for building new capabilities in public sector research organizations SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE innovation; process management; public R&D; technology management; idea generation AB The accelerating pace of change in science and technology has resulted in new attention to the process of identifying and developing ideas that ultimately lead to new scientific capabilities and business opportunities for an organization. The need to refresh research programs and capabilities is as important in federally funded research institutions as it is for industry. This paper explores the critical success factors for new initiatives at a federal laboratory, and building on lessons learned through this study and in private industry, identifies a more systematic process that could potentially improve the effectiveness of these initiatives in achieving results. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Geffen, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ca.geffen@pnl.gov; juddk@battelle.org RI Marzagao, Daniela/E-2679-2012 OI Marzagao, Daniela/0000-0001-5239-8290 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-4748 J9 J ENG TECHNOL MANAGE JI J. Eng. Technol. Manage. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 4 BP 281 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2004.09.002 PG 26 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 880UH UT WOS:000225814600002 ER PT J AU Smith, JT Morrison, HF Becker, A AF Smith, JT Morrison, HF Becker, A TI Parametric forms and the inductive response of a permeable conducting sphere SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB At early time, the time derivative of the response of isolated conductive bodies to step function excitation decays as t(-1/2) (under a quasi-static approximation). One simple parametric form for the response with correct early time behaviour is k'(1 + t(1/2)/alpha(1/2))(-beta)e(-t/gamma). For a conducting magnetic sphere, parameter values are determined from the high and low frequency limit responses, together with two time scales taken from the form of the analytic solution. Parameters alpha and gamma correspond to transition times, for transition from an early time t(-1/2) derivative response, and to late time exponential decay. For conducting spheres with high permeability, increasing the permeability moves the transition from early time behaviour earlier in inverse proportion to the relative permeability mu(r), and increases the time constant of the late time decay in proportion to mu(r). Magnitude parameter k' corresponds to the difference between high frequency and low frequency limit responses. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Smith, JT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI DENVER PA 1720 SOUTH BELLAIRE, STE 110, DENVER, CO 80222-433 USA SN 1083-1363 J9 J ENVIRON ENG GEOPH JI J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 9 IS 4 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA 879GE UT WOS:000225703600004 ER PT J AU Freidberg, JP Batchelor, D Coderre, J Driscoll, F Glendinning, G Greenfield, C Hammer, D Mauel, M Ott, E Sarff, J Thomas, E Waelbroeck, F Weitzner, H Winske, D AF Freidberg, JP Batchelor, D Coderre, J Driscoll, F Glendinning, G Greenfield, C Hammer, D Mauel, M Ott, E Sarff, J Thomas, E Waelbroeck, F Weitzner, H Winske, D TI Report of the second fusion energy sciences Committee of Visitors SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion science; magnetic confinement; plasma science AB This report summarizes the findings and recommendations of the second Committee of Visitors (COV) whose charge was to review the manner in which the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Fusion Energy Science (OFES) manages certain programs under its charter. The specific programs reviewed by this COV involve confinement innovation and basic plasma sciences. The charge letter from the Department of Energy is included as Appendix A. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Freidberg, JP (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Waelbroeck, Francois/B-6988-2008; O, E/F-1630-2015; OI Waelbroeck, Francois/0000-0001-9324-3690; Mauel, Michael/0000-0003-2490-7478 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 4 BP 237 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s10894-005-5616-x PG 25 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 942DO UT WOS:000230263300002 ER PT J AU Narumanchi, SVJ Murthy, JY Amon, CH AF Narumanchi, SVJ Murthy, JY Amon, CH TI Submicron heat transport model in silicon accounting for phonon dispersion and polarization SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE conduction; electronics; heat transfer microscale; modeling; nanoscale ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FINITE-VOLUME METHOD; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC CRYSTALS; MONTE-CARLO; SUPERLATTICES; SCATTERING; MICROSTRUCTURES; RESISTIVITY; TRANSISTORS AB In recent years, the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) has begun to be used for predicting thermal transport in dielectrics and semiconductors at the submicron scale. However, most published studies make a gray assumption and do not account for either dispersion or polarization. In this study, we propose a model based on the BTE, accounting for transverse acoustic and longitudinal acoustic phonons as well as optical phonons. This model incorporates realistic phonon dispersion curves for silicon. The interactions among the different phonon branches and different phonon frequencies are considered, and the proposed model satisfies energy conservation. Frequency-dependent relaxation times, obtained from perturbation theory, and accounting for phonon interaction rules, are used. In the present study, the BTE is numerically solved using a structured finite volume approach. For a problem involving a film with two boundaries at different temperatures, the numerical results match the analogous exact solutions from radiative transport literature for various acoustic thicknesses. For the same problem, the transient thermal response in the acoustically thick limit matches results from the solution to the parabolic Fourier diffusion equation. In the acoustically thick limit, the bulk experimental value of thermal conductivity of silicon at different temperatures is recovered from the model. Experimental in-plane thermal conductivity data for silicon thin films over a wide range of temperatures are also matched satisfactorily. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Complex Engineered Syst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Narumanchi, SVJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. OI Narumanchi, Sreekant/0000-0001-5337-6069 NR 59 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 28 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2004 VL 126 IS 6 BP 946 EP 955 DI 10.1115/1.1833367 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 898MW UT WOS:000227081900009 ER PT J AU Dabholkar, A Kallosh, R Maloney, A AF Dabholkar, A Kallosh, R Maloney, A TI A stringy cloak for a classical singularity SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE black holes in string theory; black holes; supergravity models ID BLACK-HOLE ENTROPY; N=2 SUPERGRAVITY; MACROSCOPIC ENTROPY; THERMODYNAMICS; SUPERSYMMETRY; ATTRACTORS; SOLITONS; LAW AB We consider a class of 4D supersymmetric black hole solutions, arising from string theory compactifications, which classically have vanishing horizon area and singular space-time geometry. String theory motivates the inclusion of higher derivative terms, which convert these singular classical solutions into regular black holes with finite horizon area. In particular, the supersymmetric attractor equations imply that the central charge, which determines the radius of the AdS(2) x S-2 near horizon geometry, acquires a nonvanishing value due to quantum effects. In this case quantum corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking relation between entropy and area are large. This is the first explicit example where stringy quantum gravity effects replace a classical null singularity by a black hole with finite horizon area. C1 Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Theoret Phys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Theory Grp, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Theoret Phys, Homi Bhabha Rd, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. EM atish@tifr.res.in; kalloah@standor.edu; maloney@slac.standford.edu NR 46 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 IS 12 AR 059 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/12/059 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 896EH UT WOS:000226916900059 ER PT J AU Dixon, LJ Glover, EWN Khoze, VV AF Dixon, LJ Glover, EWN Khoze, VV TI MHV rules for Higgs plus multi-gluon amplitudes SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD; Higgs physics; jets; hadronic colliders ID GAUGE-THEORIES; BOSON PRODUCTION; QCD CORRECTIONS; SCATTERING-AMPLITUDES; HELICITY AMPLITUDES; COLLINEAR LIMITS; PROTON COLLIDERS; TREE AMPLITUDES; LOOP AMPLITUDES; LHC AB We use tree-level perturbation theory to show how non-supersymmetric one-loop scattering amplitudes for a Higgs boson plus an arbitrary number of partons can be constructed, in the limit of a heavy top quark, from a generalization of the scalar graph approach of Cachazo, Svrcek and Witten. The Higgs boson couples to gluons through a top quark loop which generates, for large m(t), a dimension-5 operator H tr G(munu)G(munu). This effective interaction leads to amplitudes which cannot be described by the standard MHV rules; for example, amplitudes where all of the gluons have positive helicity. We split the effective interaction into the sum of two terms, one holomorphic (selfdual) and one anti-holomorphic (anti-selfdual). The holomorphic interactions give a new set of MHV vertices - identical in form to those of pure gauge theory, except for momentum conservation - that can be combined with pure gauge theory MHV vertices to produce a tower of amplitudes with more than two negative helicities. Similarly, the anti-holomorphic interactions give anti-MHV vertices that can be combined with pure gauge theory anti-MHV vertices to produce a tower of amplitudes with more than two positive helicities. A Higgs boson amplitude is the sum of one MHV-tower amplitude and one anti-MHV-tower amplitude. We present all MHV-tower amplitudes with up to four negative-helicity gluons and any number of positive-helicity gluons (NNMHV). These rules reproduce all of the available analytic formulae for Higgs + n-gluon scattering (n less than or equal to 5) at tree level, in some cases yielding considerably shorter expressions . C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM lance@slac.stanford.edu; e.w.n.glover@durham.ac.uk; valya.khoze@durham.ac.uk RI Glover, Edward/A-4597-2012 OI Glover, Edward/0000-0002-0173-4175 NR 90 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 IS 12 AR 015 PG 35 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 896EH UT WOS:000226916900015 ER PT J AU Fabinger, M Silverstein, E AF Fabinger, M Silverstein, E TI D-Sitter space: causal structure, thermodynamics, and entropy SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE D-branes; superstring vacua; AdS-CFT and dS-CFT correspondence ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; PRINCIPLE; CREATION; STRINGS AB We study the entropy of concrete de Sitter flux compactifications and deformations of them containing D-brane domain walls. We determine the relevant causal and thermodynamic properties of these "D-Sitter" deformations of de Sitter spacetimes. We find a string scale correspondence point at which the entropy localized on the D-branes (and measured by probes sent from an observer in the middle of the bubble) scales the same with large flux quantum numbers as the entropy of the original de Sitter space, and at which Bousso's bound is saturated by the D-brane degrees of freedom (up to order one coefficients) for an infinite range of times. From the geometry of a static patch of D-Sitter space and from basic relations in flux compactifications, we find support for the possibility of a low energy open string description of the static patch of de Sitter space. C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM fabinger@ias.edu; evas@slac.standford.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 IS 12 AR 061 PG 38 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 896EH UT WOS:000226916900061 ER PT J AU Hubeny, VE Liu, X Rangamani, M Shenker, S AF Hubeny, VE Liu, X Rangamani, M Shenker, S TI Comments on cosmic censorship in AdS/CF SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE brane dynamics in gauge theories; AdS-CFT and dS-CFT ID GAUGED EXTENDED SUPERGRAVITY; GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; NAKED SINGULARITIES; STRING THEORY; FIELD; STABILITY; SPECTRUM; GEOMETRY; GRAVITY AB Recently Hertog, Horowitz, and Maeda (HHM) [14] have proposed that cosmic censorship can be violated in the AdS/CFT context. They argue that for certain initial data there is insufficient energy available to make a black hole whose horizon is big enough to cloak the singularity that forms. We have investigated this proposal in the models HHM discuss and have thus far been unable to find initial data that provably satisfy this criterion, despite our development of an improved lower bound on the size of the singular region. This is consistent with recent numerical results [15]. For certain initial data, the energies of our configurations are not far above the lower bound on the requisite black hole mass, and so it is possible that in the exact time development naked singularities do form. We go on to argue that the finite radius cut-off AdS(5) situation discussed by HHM displays instabilities when the full 10D theory is considered. We propose an AdS(3) example that may well be free of this instability. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM veronika@itp.stanford.edu; liuxiao@itp.stanford.edu; mukund@socrates.berkeley.edu; sshenker@stanford.edu NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 IS 12 AR 067 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/12/067 PG 39 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 896EH UT WOS:000226916900067 ER PT J AU Karczmarek, JL Strominger, A AF Karczmarek, JL Strominger, A TI Hartle-Hawking vacuum for c=1 tachyon condensation SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tachyon condensation; 2D gravity; matrix models ID STRING THEORY; FIELD-THEORY; BACKGROUNDS AB Quantum vacua are constructed for a time-symmetric cosmology describing closed string tachyon condensation in two-dimensional string theory. Due to the euclidean periodicity of the solution, and despite its time dependence, we are able to construct thermal states at discrete values of the temperature. The asymptotic thermal Green functions and stress energy tensor are computed and found to have an intriguing resemblance to those in the Hartle-Hawking vacuum of a black hole. C1 Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Jefferson Phys Lab, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM karczmar@fas.harvard.edu; maloney@slac.stanford.edu NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 IS 12 AR 027 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/12/027 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 896EH UT WOS:000226916900027 ER PT J AU Simmers, GE Hodgkins, JR Mascarenas, DD Park, G Sohn, H AF Simmers, GE Hodgkins, JR Mascarenas, DD Park, G Sohn, H TI Improved piezoelectric self-sensing actuation SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE piezoelectric materials; self-sensing actuation; positive position feedback ID VIBRATION CONTROL; COMPENSATION; PERFORMANCE AB Self-sensing actuation allows a single piezoelectric (PZT) element to be simultaneously used as both a sensor and an actuator. A specially designed electric circuit, referred to as a bridge circuit, is required to realize the concept. However, precise equilibrium of the bridge circuit is extremely difficult to obtain because of the continuous changes in environmental conditions. In this study, the effects of an unbalanced bridge circuit are analytically and experimentally evaluated in an attempt to quantify the variations in the PZT capacitance in terms of performances in vibration testing and control. Once the dynamic characteristics of self-sensing actuation are identified and understood, methods for improving the system's performance are developed by utilizing capacitors in series and in parallel with the PZT patch. The analytical and experimental results clearly indicate that the new design scheme increases the stability of the system. However, the increase in stability comes at the cost of the increase in the power required for the control system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Weapon Response Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov RI Sohn, Hoon/A-9406-2008 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 12 BP 941 EP 953 DI 10.1177/1045389X04046308 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 888FF UT WOS:000226358900005 ER PT J AU Bastea, M Coleman, J deVegvar, P Okuda, Y Sato, T Kojima, H AF Bastea, M Coleman, J deVegvar, P Okuda, Y Sato, T Kojima, H TI Spin entropy wave propagation in magnetically polarized superfluid He-3 SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE anisotropic superfluid He-3 A(1); spin entropy wave; second sound; texture transition; spin diffusion; spin-polarized system ID OSCILLATING SUPERLEAK TRANSDUCER; 2ND SOUND; A1 PHASE; MELTING CURVE; A-1 PHASE; HE-3-A(1); LIQUID-HE-3; ATTENUATION; DYNAMICS; FRACTION AB The Spin-Entropy Wave (SEW) is the second sound (normal-superfluid counterflow mode) propagation in the spin-polarized superfluid He-3 A(1) phase. Measurement of the propagation velocity gives the anisotropy components of the superfluid fraction. The perpendicular anisotropy component of superfluid density is measured as a junction of magnetic,field up to 12 T at 21.5 bar The attenuation in bulk A, fluid is measured and is compared with theory on the spin diffusion and other dissipative coefficients. An anomalous diverging attenuation is observed at the lower transition temperature of the A(1) phase. When the superfluid flow accompanying the SEW is directed parallel to the anisotropy 1 texture, the flow field distorts the texture. The distortion results in an unusual non-linear propagation phenomena in which the non-linearity is greatest at intermediate flow velocities but reverts hack to linear propagation at larger flow velocities. A mechanical system of mass attached to a "soft" spring is developed to model the non-linear propagation. An experiment is devised to control the (l) over cap texture with one SEW resonance mode and to measure the texture transformation with an independent mode in a rectangular cell. Evidence for first order transitions of (l) over cap texture is presented. C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Rutgers State Univ, Serin Phys Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Bastea, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kojima@physics.rutgers.edu NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 137 IS 5-6 BP 539 EP 578 DI 10.1007/s10909-004-0892-9 PG 40 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 882WJ UT WOS:000225970800001 ER PT J AU Ocko, M Sarrao, JL Simek, Z AF Ocko, M Sarrao, JL Simek, Z TI Thermopower of the YbIn1-xAgxCu4 alloy system: what does the thermopower minimum reflect in YbIn1-xAgxCu4? SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Kondo system; thermopower; YbIn1-xAgxCu4 alloy system ID THERMOELECTRIC-POWER; CRYSTALLINE FIELD; PHASE-TRANSITION; SCATTERING; CERIUM AB We have found that the temperature of the thermopower minimum T-m, in the YbIn1-xAgxCu4 alloy system shows the same concentration dependence as the Kondo temperature extracted from susceptibility data, T-KS. However, the temperatures T-m are, on average, about four times smaller than these Kondo temperatures TKs. We discuss the origin of the thermopower minima and suggest possible interpretations of the extracted parameters T-m and T-KS from experimental data. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Inst Phys, Bijenicka 46,POB 304, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. EM ocko@ifs.hr NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 284 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.05.038 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 878RX UT WOS:000225665600007 ER PT J AU Chen, HT Ebner, AD Rosengart, AJ Kaminski, MD Ritter, JA AF Chen, HT Ebner, AD Rosengart, AJ Kaminski, MD Ritter, JA TI Analysis of magnetic drug carrier particle capture by a magnetizable intravascular stent: 1. Parametric study with single wire correlation SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetic drug targeting; stent; drug delivery; magnetic drug carrier particles; magnetic microspheres; high gradient; magnetic separation; single wire HGMS correlation; applied magnetic fields; circulatory system ID MICROSPHERES; SEPARATION; MAGNETOLIPOSOMES; FILTRATION; FLUIDS; FIELD; FLOW AB The feasibility of using a magnetizable intravascular stent (MIS) as part of a magnetic drug targeting (MDT) system, which consists of magnetic drug carrier particles (MDCPs), an external magnetic field source, and the MIS, is introduced and theoretically analyzed. This new approach exploits the use of high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) principles through the MIS, which has been placed in a blood vessel adjacent to the target site, to vastly improve the targeting of the MDCPs at this site. The performance of the MDT system was based on the ability of one of the wires in the MIS to capture the MDCPs, with the capture cross-section evaluated from a single wire HGMS correlation in the literature. A parametric study showed that the dimensionless capture cross section (with respect to the wire radius) increases with lower blood velocities (0.02-0.9 m/s), higher applied magnetic field strengths (0.2-2.0 T), larger MDCPs (0.2-10 mum radius) containing more (10-100%) and stronger ferromagnetic material (iron > magnetite), and smaller wires (20-150 mum in radius) comprised of stronger ferromagnetic material (iron > 430 SS > nickel > 304 SS). Reasonable capture cross-sections, ranging between 2 and 3, but as high as 12, times the radius of the wire, were easily attained with just a single wire and under extreme flow conditions of 0.9 m/s that are typical of large arteries. Overall, these results show considerable promise for an HGMS-assisted MDT system with many potential applications for MIS devices. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ritter, JA (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM ritter@engr.sc.edu NR 35 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 284 BP 181 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.06.036 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 878RX UT WOS:000225665600025 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Majetich, SA Kim, J Barmak, K Rollins, H Sides, P AF Ding, Y Majetich, SA Kim, J Barmak, K Rollins, H Sides, P TI Sintering prevention and phase transformation of FePt nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE FePt; nanoparticles; sintering; pressure AB Two approaches attempted to overcome FePt nanoparticle sintering during the transformation to the high coercivity L 1(0) phase, which currently limits the use of these nanoparticles in data storage media. High-pressure treatment of dilute nanoparticle solutions failed to prevent sintering due to surfactant decomposition above 360 degreesC. By pre-annealing nanoparticle monolayers to decompose the surfactant, and then coating with an immiscible SiO2 matrix, sintering was prevented with annealing temperatures up to 700 degreesC. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, MSE Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Majetich, SA (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sm70@andrew.cmu.edu RI Barmak, Katayun/A-9804-2008; Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015; Rollins, Harry/B-6327-2017 OI Barmak, Katayun/0000-0003-0070-158X; Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317; Rollins, Harry/0000-0002-3926-7445 NR 8 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 284 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.07.011 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 878RX UT WOS:000225665600043 ER PT J AU Schwarz, RB Shen, TD Harms, U Lillo, T AF Schwarz, RB Shen, TD Harms, U Lillo, T TI Soft ferromagnetism in amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE amorphous; nanocrystalline; ferromagnetism ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE-CU; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; METALLIC GLASSES; POWDERS; SYSTEM; PHASES; NI3FE; NI; CO AB Soft magnetism is achieved both in rapidly quenched glassy ribbons and in nanocrystalline alloys prepared by the partial crystallization of glassy ribbons. The use of these materials in power transformers and other energy-conversion devices has, however, been limited by their small thickness. In this paper, we discuss soft ferromagnetism both in bulk amorphous metallic alloys prepared by flux melting and water quenching and in nanocrystalline alloys prepared by mechanical alloying. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Div Mat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schwarz, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rxzs@lanl.gov RI Lilllo, Thomas/S-5031-2016 OI Lilllo, Thomas/0000-0002-7572-7883 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 283 IS 2-3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.05.026 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872JF UT WOS:000225202800012 ER PT J AU Qi, XD Dho, JH Blamire, M Jia, QX Lee, JS Foltyn, S MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Qi, XD Dho, JH Blamire, M Jia, QX Lee, JS Foltyn, S MacManus-Driscoll, JL TI Epitaxial growth of BiFeO3 thin films by LPE and sol-gel methods SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE LPE; sol-gel; BiFeO3; ferromagnetism; ferroelectricity ID POLYCRYSTALLINE BIFEO3 AB Epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films have been grown on the (001) SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and sol-gel methods. The films had an in-plane texture of 2degrees and out-plane texture of 0.6degrees and showed a 4-fold symmetry about the c-axis, indicating a distortion of the bulk rhombohedral cell to a tetragonal or cubic structure. The LPE films were both ferroclectric and ferromagnetic. The sol-gel films showed a small linear increase of the magnetisation with the applied magnetic field, indicating they possibly had the same antiferromagnetic behaviour as the bulk crystal. The LPE films exhibited a large leakage current, which probably originated from a relatively high level of Fe2+ in the films induced by the high growth temperature. Fe2+ might also account for the origin of the ferromagnetism in LPE films. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Tech Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Qi, XD (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM xq204@cam.ac.uk RI Lee, Jang-Sik/A-6629-2008; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Qi, Xiaoding/O-9091-2015 OI Lee, Jang-Sik/0000-0002-1096-1783; Qi, Xiaoding/0000-0002-7105-1193 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 283 IS 2-3 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.06.014 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 872JF UT WOS:000225202800039 ER PT J AU Scharf, TW Prasad, SV Mayer, TM Goeke, RS Dugger, MT AF Scharf, TW Prasad, SV Mayer, TM Goeke, RS Dugger, MT TI Atomic layer deposition of tungsten disulphide solid lubricant thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FRICTION BEHAVIOR; TRIBOLOGY; COATINGS; MOS2; GROWTH; WS2 AB The synthesis and characterization of crystalline tungsten disulphide (WS2) solid lubricant thin films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using WF6 and H2S gas precursors was studied. A new catalytic route was established to promote nucleation and growth of WS2 films on silicon surfaces with native oxide. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the film morphology, composition, and crystallinity. The films exhibited solid lubricating behavior with a steady-state friction coefficient of 0.04 in a dry nitrogen environment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scharf, TW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 76 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3443 EP 3446 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0459 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 877HX UT WOS:000225559900001 ER PT J AU Shin, J Kalinin, SV Lee, HN Christen, HM Moore, RG Plummer, EW Baddorf, AP AF Shin, J Kalinin, SV Lee, HN Christen, HM Moore, RG Plummer, EW Baddorf, AP TI Surface stability of epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films in vacuum SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OXIDES AB Surface stability of nearly defect-free epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition was studied using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and electron spectroscopies. Even after exposure to atmosphere, surfaces exhibited distinct LEED patterns providing evidence of unusual chemical stability. Surface order disappeared after heating to 200 degreesC in vacuum. To investigate, SrRuO3 thin films were annealed up to 800 degreesC in high vacuum and examined for chemical state and topography. Formation of unit-cell deep pits and the Ru-rich particles begins at low temperatures. Hydrocarbon contamination on the surface contributes to this process. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Shin, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jshin4@utk.edu RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3447 EP 3450 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0480 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 877HX UT WOS:000225559900002 ER PT J AU Ohmura, T Minor, AM Stach, EA Morris, JW AF Ohmura, T Minor, AM Stach, EA Morris, JW TI Dislocation-grain boundary interactions in martensitic steel observed through in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COHERENT TRANSFORMATIONS; TEMPERED MARTENSITE; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; METALS; NANOHARDNESS; MECHANISMS; MORPHOLOGY AB Dislocation-interface interactions in Fe-0.4 wt% C tempered martensitic steel were studied through in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Two types of boundaries were imaged in the dislocated martensitic structure: a low-angle (probable) lath boundary and a coherent, high-angle (probable) block boundary. In the case of a low-angle grain boundary, the dislocations induced by the indenter piled up against the boundary. As the indenter penetrated further, a critical stress appeared to have been reached, and a high density of dislocations was suddenly emitted on the far side of the grain boundary into the adjacent grain. In the case of the high-angle grain boundary, the numerous dislocations that were produced by the indentation were simply absorbed into the boundary, with no indication of pileup or the transmission of strain. This surprising observation is interpreted on the basis of the crystallography of the block boundary. C1 Steel Res Ctr, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Ibaraki 3040047, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ohmura, T (reprint author), Steel Res Ctr, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Ibaraki 3040047, Japan. EM OHMURA.Takahito@nims.go.jp RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 37 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 19 IS 12 BP 3626 EP 3632 DI 10.1557/JMR.2004.0474 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 877HX UT WOS:000225559900025 ER PT J AU Napolitano, RE Black, DR AF Napolitano, RE Black, DR TI Array ordering in dendritic crystals and the influence on crystal perfection SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPANNING TREE; SOLIDIFICATION; DISORDER AB The role of the evolving array structure in the generation of crystal defects within a dendritic grain is investigated. Crystallographic perfection and associated defect structures are characterized using X-ray topography and optical microscopy. Observed structures are compared with quantitative descriptors of array order using a minimum spanning tree (MST) graph analysis. It is observed that the dendritic array structure evolves substantially over a growth length of 25 millimeters while the mosaic nature of the crystal remains relatively constant. The MST edge-length mean and standard deviation parameters are determined to be rather insensitive to differences in the local order due to statistical sampling size effects. This sample size dependence of the MST is evaluated with respect to its utility in distinguishing between square and hexagonal order, with varying degrees of superposed random noise. It is found that the MST distinguishing power is dramatically reduced when the sampling size is decreased below approximately 200 points. (C) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ralphn@iastate.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 39 IS 23 BP 7009 EP 7017 DI 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000047545.41811.35 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 894SL UT WOS:000226811800017 ER PT J AU Song, JS Song, YS AF Song, JS Song, YS TI On a conjecture of Givental SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB These brief notes record our puzzles and findings surrounding Givental's recent conjecture which expresses higher genus Gromov-Witten invariants in terms of the genus-0 data. We limit our considerations to the case of a complex projective line, whose Gromov-Witten invariants are well-known and easy to compute. We make some simple checks supporting his conjecture. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Song, YS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jssong@alum.mit.edu; yss@stanfordalumni.org NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 45 IS 12 BP 4539 EP 4550 DI 10.1063/1.1808486 PG 12 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 893CO UT WOS:000226697100008 ER PT J AU Gao, D Carraro, C Radmilovic, V Howe, RT Maboudian, R AF Gao, D Carraro, C Radmilovic, V Howe, RT Maboudian, R TI Fracture of polycrystalline 3C-SiC films in microelectromechanical systems SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fracture; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); silicon carbide; thin films ID CARBIDE THIN-FILMS; SILICON-CARBIDE; MEMS; TOUGHNESS; 1,3-DISILABUTANE; STRENGTH; PLASMA AB The fracture of polycrystalline SiC films is investigated using a micrometer-sized fracture tester fabricated by micromachining techniques. A series of SiC cantilever beams varying in length are carried by a moving shuttle tethered to the substrate, and are bent in plane until fracture. The fracture strain of SiC films is calculated from the deflection of bending beams using nonlinear beam theory and determined to be 3.3% +/- 0.2%, which corresponds to a fracture stress of 23.4 +/- 1.4 GPa. These values are significantly higher than those for polycrystalline silicon. In addition, the crack propagation in the polycrystalline SiC films is observed to be transgranular. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gao, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maboudia@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 6 BP 972 EP 976 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2004.838372 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 876RN UT WOS:000225515100011 ER PT J AU Marland, E Prachumwat, A Maltsev, N Go, ZL Li, WH AF Marland, E Prachumwat, A Maltsev, N Go, ZL Li, WH TI Higher gene duplicabilities for metabolic proteins than for nonmetabolic proteins in yeast and E-coli SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE gene duplicability; metabolism; functional requirement; yeast genome ID DUPLICATE GENES; EVOLUTION; PATHWAYS AB Although the evolutionary significance of gene duplication has long been appreciated, it remains unclear what factors determine gene duplicability. In this study we investigated whether metabolism is an important determinant of gene duplicability because cellular metabolism is crucial for the survival and reproduction of an organism. Using genomic data and metabolic pathway data from the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Escherichia coli, we found that metabolic proteins indeed tend to have higher gene duplicability than nonmetabolic proteins. Moreover, a detailed analysis of metabolic pathways in these two organisms revealed that genes in the central metabolic pathways and the catabolic pathways have, on average, higher gene duplicability than do other genes and that most genes in anabolic pathways are single-copy genes. C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Comm Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Univ Chicago, 1101 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM whli@uchicago.edu OI Li, Wen-Hsiung/0000-0003-1086-1456 NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 59 IS 6 BP 806 EP 814 DI 10.1007/s00239-004-0068-x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 876JG UT WOS:000225492100008 PM 15599512 ER PT J AU Max, N AF Max, N TI Hierarchical molecular modelling with ellipsoids SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article DE splat; level of detail; ellipsoid; hierarchical model AB Protein and DNA structures are represented at varying levels of details using ellipsoidal RGBA textured splats. The splat texture at each level is generated by rendering its children in a hierarchical model, from a distribution of viewing directions, and averaging the result. For rendering, the ellipsoids to be used are chosen adaptively, depending on the distance to the viewpoint. This technique is applied to visualize DNA coiling around nucleosomes in chromosomes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Max, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM max2@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.jmgm.2004.07.001 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 874EL UT WOS:000225333600003 PM 15530819 ER PT J AU Craig, NC Hanson, KA Pierce, RW Saylor, SD Sams, RL AF Craig, NC Hanson, KA Pierce, RW Saylor, SD Sams, RL TI Rotational analysis of bands in the high-resolution infrared spectra of the three species of butadiene-1,4-d(2); refinement of the assignments of the vibrational fundamentals SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman; high-resolution infrared; vibrational fundamentals; rotational constants; butadiene-1,4-d(2) ID FORCE-FIELDS; 1,3-BUTADIENE; CIS; ISOMER AB Samples of trans,trans and cis,cis forms of butadiene-1,4-d(2) have been synthesized and found to contain useful amounts of the cis,trans species as a contaminant. Assignments of fundamental frequencies for the three isotoporners of butadiene-1,4-d(2) have been extended and improved from investigations of their Raman spectra as well as their infrared (IR) spectra. High-resolution IR spectra have been recorded for the three isotopomers, and a rotational analysis has been completed for strong bands of each species. Ground state and some upper state rotational constants have been fit. Corresponding ground state moments of inertia compare favorably with equilibrium moments of inertia obtained from B3LYP/6-311 ++G** theory. Two C-13 isotopomers are being prepared, and an improved structural analysis of butadiene will soon be available to assess how pi-electron delocalization affects its structure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Craig, NC (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM Norm.Craig@oberlin.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 228 IS 2 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.07.001 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 869ES UT WOS:000224966800016 ER PT J AU Lees, RM Xu, LH Johns, JWC Lu, ZF Winnewisser, BP Lock, M Sams, RL AF Lees, RM Xu, LH Johns, JWC Lu, ZF Winnewisser, BP Lock, M Sams, RL TI Fourier transform spectroscopy of CH3OH: rotation-torsion-vibration structure for the CH3-rocking and OH-bending modes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE methanol; CH3OH; infrared spectra; methyl rock; OH bend; internal rotation; torsion-vibration term values; torsion-mediated vibrational coupling ID CO STRETCH STATES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LASER LINES; METHANOL; SPECTRUM; (CH3OH)-C-13; BAND; CH3-DEFORMATION; ASSIGNMENTS; SPLITTINGS AB High-resolution Fourier transform spectra of CH3OH have been investigated in the infrared region from 930 to 1450cm(-1) in order to map the torsion-rotation energy manifolds associated with the nu(7) in-plane CH3 rock, the v(11) out-of-plane CH3 rock, and the nu(6) OH bend. Upper-state term values have been determined from the assigned spectral subbands, and have been fitted to power-series expansions to obtain substate origins and effective B-values for the three modes. The substate origins have been grouped into related families according to systematic trends observed in the torsion-vibration energy map, but there are substantial differences from the traditional torsional patterns. There appears to be significant torsion-mediated spectral mixing, and a variety of "forbidden" torsional combination subbands with \Deltanu(t)\ > 1 have been observed, where nu(t) denotes the torsional quantum number (equivalent to nu(12)). For example, Coupling of the (nu(6), nu(t)) = (1, 0) OH bend to nearby torsionally excited (nu(7), nu(t)) = (1, 1) CH3-rock and (nu(8), nu(t)) = (1, 1) CO-stretch states introduces (nu(6), nu(t)) = (1, 0) <-- (0, 1) subbands into the spectrum and makes the nu(7) + nu(12) - nu(12) torsional hot band stronger than the nu(7) fundamental. The results suggest a picture of strong coupling among the OH-bending, CH3-rocking, and CO-stretching modes that significantly modifies the traditional energy structure and raises interesting and provocative questions about the torsion-vibration identity of a number of the observed states. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys Sci, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Giessen, Inst Chem Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lees, RM (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys Sci, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. EM lees@unb.ca RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 228 IS 2 BP 528 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.06.004 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 869ES UT WOS:000224966800024 ER PT J AU Benner, DC Blake, TA Brown, LR Devi, VM Smith, MAH Toth, RA AF Benner, DC Blake, TA Brown, LR Devi, VM Smith, MAH Toth, RA TI Air-broadening parameters in the nu(3) band of (NO2)-N-14-O-16 using a multispectrum fitting technique SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE NO2; air broadening; pressure shifts; temperature dependence; infrared; v(3) ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; LINE PARAMETERS; SPECTRAL REGION; WATER-VAPOR; V(1) BAND; NO2; INTENSITIES; COEFFICIENTS AB Air-broadened linewidths, pressure-induced shift coefficients and their temperature dependences were retrieved for over 1000 transitions in the v(3) band of (NO2)-N-14-O-16 at 6mum. In addition, precise line center positions and relative intensities were also determined. The results were obtained by fitting simultaneously 27 spectra recorded at high resolution (0.002-0.006cm(-1)) with two Fourier transform spectrometers and gas sample temperatures ranging from 206 to 298K. It was necessary to modify the multispectrum fitting software to accommodate constraints on the retrieved parameters of closely spaced spin-split doublets in order to successfully determine their broadening and shift parameters. The variations of the widths, shifts and their temperature dependences with the quantum numbers were investigated. Subsets of the observed linewidths were reproduced to within 3% using an empirical smoothing function. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Brown, LR (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM linda.brown@jpl.nasa.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 228 IS 2 BP 593 EP 619 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.07.006 PG 27 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 869ES UT WOS:000224966800029 ER PT J AU Ehrmann, PR Carlson, K Campbell, JH Click, CA Brow, RK AF Ehrmann, PR Carlson, K Campbell, JH Click, CA Brow, RK TI Neodymium fluorescence quenching by hydroxyl groups in phosphate laser glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th University Conference on Glass Science CY AUG 13-15, 2003 CL Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Troy, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Gen Elect Co, IBM Corp, Nippon Elect Glass Co Ltd, PPG Ind HO Rensselaer Polytechn Inst ID ALUMINOPHOSPHATE; PERFORMANCE AB Non-radiative losses due to OH fluorescence quenching of the Nd3+4F3/2 state are quantified over a range of OH concentrations from 4 x 10(18) to 4 x 10(20)cm(-3) and Nd doping levels from 0.4 to 9 X 10(20)cm(-3) in two K2O-MgO-Al2O3-P2O5 metaphosphate glasses having different K/Mg ratios (similar to1/1 and 2/1). The quenching rate varies linearly with the Nd and OH concentrations as predicted by Forster-Dexter theory. However, in contrast to theory, the OH quenching rate extrapolates to a non-zero value at low Nd3+ doping levels. It is proposed that at low Nd3+ concentrations the OH is correlated with Nd sites in the glass. The quenching strength of OH on a per ion basis is weak compared to common transition metal impurities (V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Cr). Nevertheless, OH dominates the Nd quenching in phosphate glass because under most processing conditions OH is present at concentrations 10(2)-10(3) greater than transition metal ion impurities. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Campbell, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,7000 E Ave,L-491, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM campbell12@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 349 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.216 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 879MT UT WOS:000225722600016 ER PT J AU Li, H Li, LY Strachan, DM Qian, MX AF Li, H Li, LY Strachan, DM Qian, MX TI Optical spectroscopy study of neodymium in sodium alumino-boro silicate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th University Conference on Glass Science CY AUG 13-15, 2003 CL Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Troy, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Gen Elect Co, IBM Corp, Nippon Elect Glass Co Ltd, PPG Ind HO Rensselaer Polytechn Inst ID RARE-EARTH IONS; BOROSILICATE GLASSES; ALUMINOBOROSILICATE GLASSES; GADOLINIUM SOLUBILITY; OXIDE GLASSES; INTENSITIES; ABSORPTION; PROBABILITIES; LANTHANIDES; PHOSPHATE AB Over the composition range from peraluminous to peralkaline (R-PA = Na2O/(Na2O + Al2O3) from 0 to 1), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was used to study the local environment of Nd-O in glasses (molar composition): 60SiO(2).15B(2)O(3). xNa(2)O . (25 - x)Al2O3 . yNd(2)O(3) (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 25 and y = solubility limit). Our study focused on Judd Ofelt oscillator strength parameters: Omega(2) - ligand field asymmetry and Omega(6) - bond covalence. We explain the similarity between Omega(2)/Omega(6) and the Nd2O3 solubility curve in terms of Nd partitioning into borate- and silicate-rich environments. However, Omega(2)/Omega(6) is nearly independent of RPA for the glasses containing Nd2O3 at the solubility limit irrespective of glass composition, suggesting that average local Nd-O environment is nearly the same for all glasses. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), PPG Ind Inc, Glass Technol Ctr, POB 2844, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 USA. EM hli@ppg.com NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 349 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.219 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 879MT UT WOS:000225722600019 ER PT J AU Martin, SW Walleser, J Karthikeyan, A Sordelet, D AF Martin, SW Walleser, J Karthikeyan, A Sordelet, D TI Enthalpy relaxation studies of the glass transition in a metallic glass SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th University Conference on Glass Science CY AUG 13-15, 2003 CL Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Troy, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Gen Elect Co, IBM Corp, Nippon Elect Glass Co Ltd, PPG Ind HO Rensselaer Polytechn Inst ID STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; COOLING RATE; ZR55CU30AL10NI5; TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITES; DEPENDENCE; ALLOYS; OXYGEN AB The first ever enthalpy relaxation study has been conducted of the glass transition of the bulk metallic glass forming composition Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15 using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both heating and cooling and isothermal annealing studies have been conducted. The glass transition temperature measured at 20degreesC/min heating following a 20degreesC/min cooling of 384degreesC +/- 2degreesC agrees well with values previously published for this glass. Using the dependence of T, on heating and cooling rate, the onset T-g activation energy was determined to be 120 kcal/mole +/- 10kcal/mole with the peak T, activation energy, determined by the temperature of the peak in the Tg overshoot, was observed to be 98 kcal/mole 10 kcal/mole. Such increases in the activation energy, while not common for such transition range measurements, is consistent with this glass exhibiting non-Arrhenius enthalpy and possibly viscous relaxation rates. The heating and cooling and annealing DSC data were converted to derivative fictive temperature data and then fit to the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan-Hodge model utilizing a stretched exponential function to describe the non-exponentiality and the Tool-Narayanaswamy equation to describe the non-linearity of the relaxation. Best fit parameters for x and beta were found to be 0.53 +/- 0.05 and 0.79 +/- 0.05, respectively. The individual fits to the data are not excellent, but the overall fit to all of the data is surprisingly good given the range of the thermal treatments given to this glass. The model fits worse, however, for the isothermal annealing data. The glass appears to anneal faster than the model predicts for relatively short anneals relatively close to the Tg, but appears to anneal much slower than the model predicts for relatively long anneals relatively far from Tg. These behaviors are consistent with this metallic glass exhibiting a non-Arrhenius activation energy that increases sharply with decreasing temperatures. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Martin, SW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 503 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM swmartin@iastate.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 349 BP 347 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.203 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 879MT UT WOS:000225722600052 ER PT J AU Suratwala, T Hanna, ML Whitman, P AF Suratwala, T Hanna, ML Whitman, P TI Effect of humidity during the coating of Stober silica sols SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th University Conference on Glass Science CY AUG 13-15, 2003 CL Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Troy, NY SP Natl Sci Fdn, Asahi Glass Co Ltd, Gen Elect Co, IBM Corp, Nippon Elect Glass Co Ltd, PPG Ind HO Rensselaer Polytechn Inst AB Various silica sols (varying in surface chemistry and solvent) were synthesized by the Stober process and then subsequently coated on substrates at various humidities. For ethanol-based sols, films prepared by spin or dip coating at low humidities had a higher refractive index, lower thickness, and greater microcracking than those prepared at high humidities. The change in film properties followed an abrupt, instead of a gradual, change with humidity. This change in film microstructure can be explained by the ability/inability of capillary condensed liquid in the micropores of the colloid to evaporate prior to achieving full film strength and hence allowing the micropores to collapse. The magnitude of the shrinkage and the relative humidity at which the pores collapsed were found to depend on the colloid surface chemistry and the coating method. In contrast to the ethanol-based sols, humidity during spin coating had a negligible effect on film properties for sec-butanol and decane-based sols. This is likely due to the lower vapor pressure and/or lower water solubility of these solvents such that the pores in the latter stages of drying the films did not contain much water. Understanding this behavior has been important for improving the performance and process repeatability of using these films as anti-reflective coatings in high-peak-power laser systems. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Suratwala, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM suratwala1@llnl.gov RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 349 BP 368 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.08.214 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 879MT UT WOS:000225722600055 ER PT J AU Farrell, K Byun, TS Hashimoto, N AF Farrell, K Byun, TS Hashimoto, N TI Deformation mode maps for tensile deformation of neutron-irradiated structural alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; MECHANICAL PROPERTY CHANGES; LOW-TEMPERATURE IRRADIATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE METALS; DEFECT ACCUMULATION; PLASTIC DEFORMATION; ALPHA-IRON; MICROSTRUCTURES; ORIGIN AB The deformation microstructures of neutron-irradiated nuclear structural alloys, A533B steel, 316 stainless steel, and Zircaloy-4, have been investigated by tensile testing and transmission electron microscopy to map the extent of strain localization processes in plastic deformation. Miniature specimens with a thickness of 0.25mm were irradiated to five levels of neutron dose in the range 0.0001-0.9 displacements per atom (dpa) at 65-100degreesC and deformed at room temperature at a nominal strain rate of 10(-3) s(-1). Four modes of deformation were identified, namely three-dimensional dislocation cell formation, planar dislocation activity, fine scale twinning, and dislocation channel deformation (DCD) in which the radiation damage structure has been swept away. The modes varied with material, dose, and strain level. These observations are used to construct the first strain-neutron fluence-deformation mode maps for the test materials. Overall, irradiation encourages planar deformation which is seen as a precursor to DCD and which contributes to changes in the tensile curve, particularly reduced work hardening and diminished uniform ductility. The fluence dependence of the increase in yield stress, DeltaYS = alpha(phit)(n) had an exponent of 0.4-0.5 for fluences up to about 3 x 10(22) n m(-2) (similar to0.05 dpa) and 0.08-0.15 for higher fluences, consistent with estimated saturation in radiation damage microstructure but also concurrent with the acceleration of gross strain localization associated with DCD. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,MS-6151, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM byunts@ornl.gov RI HASHIMOTO, Naoyuki/D-6366-2012 NR 48 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 335 IS 3 BP 471 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.08.006 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 876WC UT WOS:000225528200020 ER PT J AU Lillard, RS Paciotti, M Tcharnotskaia, V AF Lillard, RS Paciotti, M Tcharnotskaia, V TI The influence of proton irradiation on the corrosion of HT-9 during immersion in lead bismuth eutectic SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FLOWING LEAD; STEELS; OXYGEN; MGAL2O4 AB The impedance properties of the oxide on the martensitic-ferritic steel HT-9 were characterized during proton irradiation at the LANSCE WNR facility. Prior to the irradiation experiment, samples were pre-oxidized in moist air resulting in an oxide scale that was on the order of 3 mum thick. Samples were then irradiated during immersion in 473 K lead bismuth eutectic at a proton current of approximately 63 nA. To assess corrosion rate in real-time, a sinusoidal voltage perturbation was applied across the oxide surface as a function of frequency and the corresponding current response was measured. This method yielded values of oxide impedance which were used in conjunction with Wagner's oxidation theory to calculate corrosion rate. In general, proton irradiation was associated with an increase in corrosion rate. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, MST-6,POB 1663,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lillard@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 335 IS 3 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.08.009 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 876WC UT WOS:000225528200021 ER PT J AU Taguchi, T Igawa, N Miwa, S Wakai, E Jitsukawa, S Snead, LL Hasegawa, A AF Taguchi, T Igawa, N Miwa, S Wakai, E Jitsukawa, S Snead, LL Hasegawa, A TI Synergistic effects of implanted helium and hydrogen and the effect of irradiation temperature on the microstructure of SiC/SiC composites SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; SICF/SIC COMPOSITES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; FUSION; BEHAVIOR; FIBERS AB The microstructure of near-stoichiometric fiber SiC/SiC composites implanted with He and H ions was studied at implantation temperatures of 1000 and 1300degreesC. The average size of He bubbles in the CVI SiC matrix decreases with increasing concentration of implanted H ions. Moreover, the number density of He bubbles increases with increasing irradiation temperature and amount of implanted H. At the irradiation temperature of 1000degreesC, He bubbles were mainly formed at grain boundary within the matrix. On the other hand, He bubbles were formed both at grain boundaries and within grains at the irradiation temperature of 1300degreesC. The average size of He bubbles at grain boundaries was much larger than within the grain. The average size of He bubbles in the fiber was smaller than that in the matrix in all cases. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Neutron Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Quantum Sci & Energy Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taguchi, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Neutron Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM taguchi@popsvr.tokai.jaeri.go.jp RI Wakai, Eiichi/L-1099-2016 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 335 IS 3 BP 508 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.08.014 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 876WC UT WOS:000225528200024 ER PT J AU Stec, B Markman, O Rao, U Heffron, G Henderson, S Vernon, LP Brumfeld, V Teeter, MM AF Stec, B Markman, O Rao, U Heffron, G Henderson, S Vernon, LP Brumfeld, V Teeter, MM TI Proposal for molecular mechanism of thionins deduced from physico-chemical studies of plant toxins SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mechanism of toxicity; membrane lysis; plant toxins; thionins ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SOLUTE PARTICLES IMPORTANT; PYRULARIA THIONIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LATTICE FORMATION; PROTEIN CRAMBIN; PUROTHIONIN AB We propose a molecular model for phospholipid membrane lysis by the ubiquitous plant toxins called thionins. Membrane lysis constitutes the first major effect exerted by these toxins that initiates a cascade of cytoplasmic events leading to cell death. X-ray crystallography, solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, small angle X-ray scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy provide evidence for the mechanism of membrane lysis. In the crystal structures of two thionins in the family, alpha(1)- and beta-purothionins (MW: approximately 4.8 kDa), a phosphate ion and a glycerol molecule are modeled bound to the protein. P-31 NMR experiments on the desalted toxins confirm phosphate-ion binding in solution. Evidence also comes from phospholipid partition experiments with radiolabeled toxins and with fluorescent phospholipids. This data permit a model of the phospholipid-protein complex to be built. Further, NMR experiments, one-dimensional (1D)- and two-dimensional (2D)-total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), carried out on the model compounds glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and short chain phospholipids, supported the predicted mode of phospholipid binding. The toxins' high positive charge, which renders them extremely soluble (>300 mg/mL), and the phospholipid-binding specificity suggest the toxin-membrane interaction is mediated by binding to patches of negatively charged phospholipids [phosphatidic acid (PA) or phosphatidyl serine (PS)] and their subsequent withdrawal. The formation of proteolipid complexes causes solubilization of the membrane and its lysis. The model suggests that the oligomerization may play a role in toxin's activation process and provides insight into the structural principles of protein-membrane interactions. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Boston Coll, Merkert Chem Ctr, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biochem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Univ Texas, Dept Chem, 500 W Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM bstec@utep.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-38114] NR 53 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1397-002X J9 J PEPT RES JI J. Pept. Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 64 IS 6 BP 210 EP 224 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00187.x PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 882PC UT WOS:000225949800001 PM 15613085 ER PT J AU Montano, PA Li, YW Mitchell, JF Barbiellini, B Mijnarends, PE Kaprzyk, S Bansil, A AF Montano, PA Li, YW Mitchell, JF Barbiellini, B Mijnarends, PE Kaprzyk, S Bansil, A TI Inelastic magnetic X-ray scattering from highly correlated electron systems: La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and Fe3O4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Sagamore Conference on Charge, Spin and Momentum Densities CY AUG 13-18, 2003 CL Broome, AUSTRALIA SP Int Union Crystallog, Asian Crystallog Assoc, Soc Crystallog Australia & New Zealand, Australian Synchrotron Project, Marrresearch, Bruker Nonius, Rigaku/MSC ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; VERWEY TRANSITION; LASR2MN2O7; OXIDES AB Magnetic Compton profiles have been measured for the colossal magnetoresistance manganites La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, and for magnetite Fe3O4, along various crystallographic directions, over a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields. The experimental results are interpreted via first-principles computations for the double layer manganite, La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7, and by using a simple model involving atomic d-orbitals and free electrons for the other two compounds. For all three materials a preference for the occupation of e(g) orbitals is found, particularly, for orbitals of d(x2-y2) symmetry. An itinerant electron contribution is adduced at all temperatures in magnetite; such a contribution also appears in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7, but it is present only at low temperatures in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Sci User Facil Div, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Montano, PA (reprint author), US DOE, MS SC-13,19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. EM pedro.montano@science.doe.gov RI Barbiellini, Bernardo/K-3619-2015 OI Barbiellini, Bernardo/0000-0002-3309-1362 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2004 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1999 EP 2004 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2004.08.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 875IC UT WOS:000225412700012 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, GR Whittle, KR Rios, S Smith, KL Zaluzec, NJ AF Lumpkin, GR Whittle, KR Rios, S Smith, KL Zaluzec, NJ TI Temperature dependence of ion irradiation damage in the pyrochlores La2Zr2O7 and La2Hf2O7 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-DECAY DAMAGE; GEOCHEMICAL ALTERATION; GROUP MINERALS; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; TITANATE CERAMICS; IN-SITU; ZIRCONOLITE; DISORDER; SUBGROUP; GD2TI2O7 AB Synthetic samples of the pyrochlores La2Zr2O7 and La2Hf2O7 were irradiated in situ in the intermediate voltage electron microscope (IVEM-Tandem Facility) at Argonne National Laboratory using 1.0 MeV Kr2+. Results of this study demonstrate that both pyrochlores pass through the crystalline-amorphous transformation albeit with significantly different critical amorphization dose curves. The critical dose values extrapolated to 0 K (D-c0) are 11 +/- 3 x 10(14) ions cm(-2) (similar to1.6 dpa) for La2Zr2O7 and 5.5 +/- 0.7 x 10(14) ions cm(-2) (similar to0.9 dpa) for La2Hf2O7. Non-linear least squares analysis of,the dose-temperature curves gave values of the critical temperature (T-c) of 339 +/- 49 K for La2Zr2O7 and 563 +/- 10 K for La2Hf2O7. This analysis also gave values of the activation energy (E-a) for thermal recovery of damage of 0.02 +/- 0.01 and 0.65 +/- 0.01 eV for the zirconium pyrochlore and the hafnium pyrochlore, respectively. These results demonstrate that there is a major difference in the dose-temperature response dependent upon the nature of the B-site cation of these two pyrochlores. Results are discussed in terms of the pyrochlore structural parameters r(A)/r(B) band x(48f) as well as the stopping powers, displacement energies, and defect energies of the materials. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge Ctr Ceram Immobilisat, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Div Mat, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Whittle, KR (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge Ctr Ceram Immobilisat, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM kwhi02@esc.cam.ac.uk RI Whittle, Karl/A-7404-2008; Lumpkin, Gregory/A-7558-2008 OI Whittle, Karl/0000-0002-8000-0857; NR 63 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 47 BP 8557 EP 8570 AR PII S0953-8984(04)84943-9 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/16/47/009 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 880NP UT WOS:000225796800010 ER PT J AU He, XM Hakovirta, M Nastasi, M AF He, XM Hakovirta, M Nastasi, M TI Structure and properties of fluorine and boron co-alloyed diamond-like carbon films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BACKSCATTERING; IMPLANTATION AB Fluorine (F) and boron (B) co-alloyed diamond-like carbon (FB-DLC) films were prepared on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, glass, silicon (100) and Mo sheets by the plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP) technique. A pulse glow discharge plasma was used for the PIIP deposition and was produced at a pressure of 1.33 Pa from acetylene (C2H2), diborane (B2H6), and hexafluoroethane (C2F6) gas. The composition of FB-DLC films was measured by using the ion beam analysis techniques, and the bonding structure was characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopies. The co-alloying of F and B into DLC films resulted in the formation of F-C and B-C hybridized bonding structures. The levels of the F and B concentrations affected the composition, chemical bonding and properties as was evident from the changes observed in hydrogen concentration, optical gap energy, hardness, friction coefficient, and contact angle of water on films. Compared to B-alloyed or F-alloyed DLC films, the F and B co-alloyed DLC films exhibited a reduced hydrogen concentration, high hardness and optical gap energy, and improved hydrophobic and tribological properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP He, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xiaoming.he@averydennison.com NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 16 IS 47 BP 8713 EP 8724 AR PII S0953-8984(04)80899-3 DI 10.1055/0953-8984/16/47/021 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 880NP UT WOS:000225796800022 ER PT J AU Dainese, A Vogt, R Bondila, M Eskola, KJ Kolhinen, VJ AF Dainese, A Vogt, R Bondila, M Eskola, KJ Kolhinen, VJ TI D-meson enhancement in pp collisions at the LHC due to nonlinear gluon evolution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; PERTURBATION-THEORY; EP SCATTERING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; E&E ANNIHILATION; DGLAP EQUATIONS; LEADING ORDER; QCD; DEPENDENCE; CHARM AB When nonlinear effects on the gluon evolution are included with constraints from HERA, the gluon distribution in the free proton is enhanced at low momentum fractions, x less than or similar to 0.01, and low scales, O-2 less than or similar to 10 GeV2, relative to standard, DGLAP-evolved, gluon distributions. Consequently, such gluon distributions can enhance charm production in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energy 14 TeV by up to a factor of 5 at midrapidity, y similar to 0, and transverse momentum p(T) --> 0 in the most optimistic case. We show that most of this enhancement survives hadronization into D mesons. Assuming the same enhancement at leading and next-to-leading order, we show that the D enhancement may be measured by D-0 reconstruction in the K(-)pi(+) decay channel with the ALICE detector. C1 Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Univ Padua, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM andrea.dainese@pd.infn.it; vogt@lbl.gov; mariana.bondila@phys.jyu.fi; kari.eskola@phys.jyu.fi; vesa.kolhinen@phys.jyu.fi OI Dainese, Andrea/0000-0002-2166-1874 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1787 EP 1799 AR PII S0954-3899(04)85513-0 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/12/002 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 882CB UT WOS:000225915100002 ER PT J AU Barnes, T Kochelev, NI AF Barnes, T Kochelev, NI TI Determination of closed-flavour pi J/psi and pi gamma cross sections at low energies from dipion decays SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC TRANSITIONS; PI+PI-TRANSITIONS; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; HEAVY QUARKONIA; UPSILON(3S); STATES; MATTER; MODEL AB The scale of low energy c (c) over bar and b (b) over bar cross sections on light hadrons is of great importance to searches for the quark-gluon plasma using the heavy-quarkonium suppression signature. Unfortunately, little is known about these near-threshold cross sections at present, and recent theoretical estimates span many orders of magnitude. Here we use experimental data on the four observed closed-flavour heavy quarkonium hadronic decays psi' --> pipiJ/psi, gamma' --> pipigamma, gamma" --> pipigamma and gamma" --> pipigamma, combined with simple models of the transition amplitudes, to estimate the pion scattering cross sections of c (c) over bar and b (b) over bar mesons near threshold. Specifically we consider the closed-flavour reactions piJ/psi --> pipsi', pigamma --> pigamma', pigamma --> pigamma" and pigamma' --> pigamma" and their time-reversed analogues. Our results may be useful in constraining theoretical models of the strong interactions of heavy quarkonia, and can be systematically improved through future detailed studies of dipion decays. notably psi' --> pipiJ/psi and gamma" --> pipigamma. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata 480082, Kazakhstan. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tbarnes@utk.edu; kochelev@thsun1.jinr.ru NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1811 EP 1820 AR PII S0954-3899(04)86282-0 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/12/004 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 882CB UT WOS:000225915100004 ER PT J AU Jones, EF Hamilton, JH Gore, PM Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK deLima, AP Zhu, SJ Luo, YX Beyer, CJ Kormicki, J Zhang, XQ Ma, WC Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Wu, SC Ginter, TN Fallon, P Stoyer, M Cole, JD Daniel, AV Ter-Akopian, GM Donangelo, R Asztalos, SJ Cornelius, T Fleischer, P Bender, M Burvenich, T Schramm, S Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG AF Jones, EF Hamilton, JH Gore, PM Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK deLima, AP Zhu, SJ Luo, YX Beyer, CJ Kormicki, J Zhang, XQ Ma, WC Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Wu, SC Ginter, TN Fallon, P Stoyer, M Cole, JD Daniel, AV Ter-Akopian, GM Donangelo, R Asztalos, SJ Cornelius, T Fleischer, P Bender, M Burvenich, T Schramm, S Maruhn, JA Reinhard, PG TI Identification of levels in Gd-162,Gd-164 and decrease in moment of inertia between N=98-100 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; ISOTOPE-SHIFTS; NUCLEI; PARAMETRIZATION; STATE AB From prompt gamma-gamma-gamma coincidence studies with a Cf-252 source, the yrast levels were identified from 2(+) to 16(+) and 14(+) in neutron-rich Gd-162,Gd-164 respectively. Transition energies between the same spin states are higher and moments of inertia lower at every level in N = 100 Gd-164 than in N = 98 Gd-162. These. observations are in contrast to the continuous decrease in the 2(+) energy to a minimum at neutron midshell (N = 104) in Er, Yb and Hf nuclei. Mean-field calculations of the deformations do not follow the data. but give a smooth increase in beta(2) deformation to N = 102 for Gd nuclei. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. JINR, Flerov Lab Bucl Relat, Dubna, Russia. Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, BR-68528 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Erlangen, Germany. Free Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. RP Jones, EF (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP L43 EP L48 AR PII S0954-3899(04)86218-2 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/12/L02 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 882CB UT WOS:000225915100023 ER PT J AU Soff, S Kesavan, S Randrup, J Stocker, H Xu, N AF Soff, S Kesavan, S Randrup, J Stocker, H Xu, N TI phi-meson production at RHIC, strong colour fields and intrinsic transverse momenta SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; DYNAMICS; MODEL; STRANGENESS; ENHANCEMENT; SPECTRA; MATTER; YIELDS; PHASE AB We investigate the effects of strong colour fields and of the associated enhanced intrinsic transverse momenta on the phi-meson production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. The observed consequences include a change of the spectral slopes, varying particle ratios and also modified mean transverse momenta. In particular, the composition of the production processes of phi mesons, that is, direct production versus coalescence-like production, depends strongly oil the strength of the colour fields and intrinsic transverse. momenta and thus represents a sensitive probe for their measurement. C1 JW Goethe Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Nucl Sci Div 70319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Soff, S (reprint author), JW Goethe Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. RI Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 30 IS 12 BP L35 EP L41 AR PII S0954-3899(04)86227-3 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/30/12/L01 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 882CB UT WOS:000225915100022 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Celina, M Collier, JP Currier, BH Currier, JH Jackson, SK Kuethe, DO Timmins, GS AF Alam, TM Celina, M Collier, JP Currier, BH Currier, JH Jackson, SK Kuethe, DO Timmins, GS TI G-irradiation of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene: Electron paramagnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging studies of the mechanism of subsurface oxidation SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ESR/EPR; irradiation; polyethylene (PE); radiation ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENTHALPIES; HINDERED AMINE STABILIZER; INERT FLUORINATED GASES; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; FREE-RADICALS; PEROXYL RADICALS; CROSS-LINKING; SHELF-LIFE; UHMWPE; DEGRADATION AB The shelf aging of irradiated ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) causes subsurface oxidation, which leads to failure in UHMWTE orthopedic components, yet the mechanisms causing subsurface oxidation remain unclear. The shelf aging of gamma-irradiated UHMWTE bars has been studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and with microtoming and Fourier transform infrared microscopy. The bars initially contained only allyl radicals, and upon air exposure, a surface layer of peroxyl radicals formed through the reaction of allyl radicals with oxygen. Importantly, a band of low radical intensity just beneath the peroxyl layer became apparent. NMR imaging showed a zone of altered proton relaxation in this zone. With increasing time, surface peroxyl radicals persisted in comparison with the interior allyl radicals, although oxygen did not appear to penetrate any more deeply into the bar. The area of maximal oxidation and mechanical disruption, measured after 3 years, was at the interface between the zone of exterior peroxyl radicals and the zone of low radical intensity. We present a mechanism involving the intermediacy of sterically strained reactive dialkyl peroxides at this interface to explain subsurface oxidation. We also demonstrate that EPR and NMR imaging provides information that could potentially be used to identify subsurface oxidized UHMWTE components before failure. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico Resonance, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Coll Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Cardiff CF14 4XN, S Glam, Wales. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Timmins, GS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Pharm, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM gtimmins@salud.unm.edu OI Currier, John/0000-0003-0922-0782; Currier, Barbara/0000-0003-3273-225X NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 23 BP 5929 EP 5941 DI 10.1002/pola.20415 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 872IQ UT WOS:000225201300010 ER PT J AU Anthamatten, M Letts, SA Day, K Cook, RC Gies, AP Hamilton, TP Nonidez, WK AF Anthamatten, M Letts, SA Day, K Cook, RC Gies, AP Hamilton, TP Nonidez, WK TI Solid-state amidization and imidization reactions in vapor-deposited poly(amic acid) SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE activation energy; calorimetry; coatings; curing of polymers; infrared spectroscopy; polyimides; solid-state polymerization; vapor deposition ID DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS; POLYIMIDE THIN-FILMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; PYROMELLITIC DIANHYDRIDE; FLUORINATED POLYIMIDES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HEATING RATE; POLYMERIZATION; NIF; PERFORMANCE AB The condensation polymerization of 4,4'-oxydianiline with pyromellitic dianhydride for the formation of poly(amic acid) and the subsequent imidization for the formation of polyimides were investigated for films prepared with vapor-deposition polymerization techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of films at different temperatures indicated that additional solid-state polymerization occurred before imidization. The experiments revealed that, upon vapor deposition, poly(amic acid) oligomers formed that had a number-average molecular weight of about 1500 Da. Between 100-130 degreesC, these chains underwent an additional condensation reaction and formed slightly higher molecular weight oligomers. Calorimetry measurements showed that this reaction was exothermic [enthalpy of reaction (DeltaH) similar to -30 J/g] and had an activation energy of about 120 kJ/mol. The experimental DeltaH values were compared with results from ab initio molecular modeling calculations to estimate the number of amide groups formed. At higher temperatures (150-300 degreesC), the imidization of amide linkages occurred as an endothermic reaction (DeltaH similar to +120 J/g) with an activation energy of about 130 kJ/mol. The solid-state kinetics depended on the reaction conversion as well as the processing conditions used to deposit the films. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Anthamatten, M (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Chem Engn, 206 Gavett Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM anthamatten@7che.rochester.edu NR 44 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 23 BP 5999 EP 6010 DI 10.1002/pola.20446 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 872IQ UT WOS:000225201300017 ER PT J AU Ash, BJ Siegel, RW Schadler, LS AF Ash, BJ Siegel, RW Schadler, LS TI Glass-transition temperature behavior of alumina/PMMA nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE glass transition; nanocomposites; interfaces; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ID THIN POLYMER-FILMS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FILLED ELASTOMERS; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; SURFACE; PARTICLES; SILICA; DEPENDENCE; LIQUIDS AB Alumina/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were synthesized by an in situ free-radical polymerization process with 38 and 17 nm diameter gamma-alumina nanoparticles. At extremely low filler weight fractions (<1.0 wt % of 38 nm fillers or < 0.5 wt % of 17 nm fillers) the glass-transition temperature (T-g) of the nanocomposites drops by 25 degreesC when compared to the neat polymer. Further additions of filler (up to 10 wt %) do not lead to additional T-g reductions. The thermal behavior is shown to vary with particle size, but this dependence can be normalized with respect to a specific surface area. The nanocomposite T-g phenomenon is hypothesized to be because of nonadhering nanoparticles that serve as templates for a porous system with many internal interfaces that break up the percolating structure of dynamically heterogeneous domains recently suggested by Long, D.; and Lequeux, F. Eur Phys J E 2001, 4, 371 to be responsible for the T-g reductions in polymer ultrathin films. The results also point to a far field effect of the nanoparticle surface on the bulk matrix. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rensselaer Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bjash@sandia.gov NR 60 TC 189 Z9 192 U1 4 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-6266 EI 1099-0488 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 23 BP 4371 EP 4383 DI 10.1002/polb.20297 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 872FV UT WOS:000225194000016 ER PT J AU Pyda, M Nowak-Pyda, E Mays, J Wunderlich, B AF Pyda, M Nowak-Pyda, E Mays, J Wunderlich, B TI Heat capacity of poly(butylene terephthalate) SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE crystallinity; low-temperature heat capacity; poly(butylene terephthalate); rigid-amorphous fraction; vibrational heat capacity; calorimetry; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); heat capacity ID HIGH MELTING POLYMERS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LINEAR MACROMOLECULES; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; PHENYLENE GROUPS; BEHAVIOR; STATE; POLYETHYLENE AB The low-temperature heat capacity of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was measured from 5 to 330 K. The experimental heat capacity of solid PBT, below the glass transition, was linked to its approximate group and skeletal vibrational spectrum. The 21 skeletal vibrations were estimated with a general Tarasov equation with the parameters Theta(1) = 530 K and Theta(2) = Theta(3) = 55 K. The calculated and experimental heat capacities of solid PBT agreed within better than +/-3% between 5 and 200 K. The newly calculated vibrational heat capacity of the solid from this study and the liquid heat capacity from the ATHAS Data Bank were applied as reference values for a quantitative thermal analysis of the apparent heat capacity of semicrystalline PBT between the glass and melting transitions as obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. From these results, the integral thermodynamic functions (enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs function) of crystalline and amorphous PBT were calculated. Finally, the changes in the crystallinity with the temperature were analyzed. With the crystallinity, a baseline was constructed that separated the thermodynamic heat capacity from cold crystallization, reorganization, annealing, and melting effects contained in the apparent heat capacity. For semicrystalline PBT samples, the mobile-amorphous and rigid-amorphous fractions were estimated to complete the thermal analysis. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pyda, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mpyda@utk.edu NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 42 IS 23 BP 4401 EP 4411 DI 10.1002/polb.20286 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 872FV UT WOS:000225194000019 ER PT J AU Jones, DS Quitmyer, IR Andrus, CFT AF Jones, DS Quitmyer, IR Andrus, CFT TI Seasonal shell growth and longevity in Donax variabilis from northeastern Florida: Evidence from oxygen isotopes SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Donax variabilis; oxygen isotopes; shell growth; longevity; Florida ID EXPOSED SANDY BEACH; TIDAL MIGRATIONS; PARVULA PHILIPPI; CAROLINA BEACH; CLAM; SAY; POPULATION; DONACIDAE; ECOLOGY; TEMPERATURE AB The variable coquina clam, Donax variabilis, is one of the most common inhabitants of exposed sandy beach intertidal and shallow subtidal zones in the southeastern United States. Its exceptional burrowing and migratory behaviors are well documented. as are its biogeographic distribution and phylogenetic relationships. However, basic life history parameters such as season and rate of shell growth and longevity are poorly constrained for this species, usually estimated from size-frequency analyses of sample populations. High-resolution sampling of individual D. variabilis shells, and analysis of the oxygen isotopic variation in these samples, provides an alternate method of assessing shell growth and longevity in this species with a high degree of precision. Comparison of isotopic paleotemperature profiles with local seawater temperatures in the northeastern Florida study region indicates rapid shell growth (>4 mm/month) during a life span of 3 to 5 months, substantially shorter than most previous estimates. Detailed analysis of two modern shells indicates growth during spring and summer whereas four Archaic period archaeological shells revealed a summer-autumn growth record. In all cases the largest archaeological shells were substantially bigger than the largest modern shells, reflecting a greater longevity by about 2 months. Although recruitment can be fairly continuous throughout the year, size-frequency analyses of D. variabilis in separate years at the same locality reveal substantial interannual differences in population dynamics. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Jones, DS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dsjones@flmah.ufl.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 11 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 23 IS 3 BP 707 EP 714 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 891CS UT WOS:000226559500005 ER PT J AU Sykora, RE Assefa, Z Haire, RG Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Sykora, RE Assefa, Z Haire, RG Albrecht-Schmitt, TE TI Hydrothermal synthesis, structure, Raman spectroscopy, and self-irradiation studies of (CM)-C-248(IO3)(3) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE curium crystal structure; actinide iodate; hydrothermal synthesis; single crystal; Raman spectroscopy; radiation damage ID TRANSITION-METAL IODATES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL RAMAN; DIMENSIONAL URANYL IODATES; LATTICE VIBRATION-SPECTRA; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; RARE-EARTH IODATES; LANTHANIDE IODATES; HOST LATTICES; HALATE; SR(CLO3)2 AB The study of curium iodate, CM(103)3, was undertaken as part of a systematic investigation of the 4f- and 5f-elements' iodates. The reaction (CmCl3)-Cm-248 with aqueous H5IO6 Under mild hydrothermal conditions results in the reduction IO65- to IO3- anions, and the subsequent formation Of CM(103)3 single crystals. Crystallographic data are: (193 K, MoKalpha, lambda = 0.71073 Angstrom): monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c, a = 7.2014(7) Angstrom, b = 8.5062(9) Angstrom, = 13.4622(14) Angstrom, beta = 100.142(2)degrees, V = 811.76(14), Z = 4, R(F) = 2.11%, R-2(F-o(2)) = 4.43% for 119 parameters with 1917 reflections with I>2sigma(I). The structure consists of Cm3+ cations bound by iodate anions to form [Cm(IO3)(8)] units, where the local coordination environment around the curium centers can be described as a distorted dodecahedron. There are three crystallographically unique iodate anions within the structure; two iodates bridge between three Cm centers, and one iodate bridges between two Cm centers and has a terminal oxygen atom. The bridging of the curium centers by the iodate anions creates a three-dimensional structure. Three strong Raman bands with comparable intensities were observed at 846, 804, and 760cm(-1) and correspond to the I-O symmetric stretching of the three crystallographically distinct iodate ions. The Raman profile suggests a lack of inter-ionic vibrational Coupling of the I-O stretching, while intra-ionic coupling provides symmetric and asymmetric components that correspond to each iodate site. Repeated collection of X-ray diffraction data for a crystal of Cm(IO3)(3) over a period of time revealed a gradual expansion of the unit cell from self-irradiation. After 71 days, the new parameters were: a = 7.2132(7) Angstrom, b = 8.5310(8) Angstrom, c = 13.505(1) Angstrom, beta = 100.021(2)degrees, V = 818.3(2). (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Leach Nucl Sci Ctr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transuranium Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Albrecht-Schmitt, TE (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Chem, 179 Chem Bldg, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM hairerg@ornl.gov; albreth@auburn.edu NR 41 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 177 IS 12 BP 4413 EP 4419 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.09.015 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 883JQ UT WOS:000226007800006 ER PT J AU Zemskova, SM Jones, CY Cooley, KM Haynes, JA AF Zemskova, SM Jones, CY Cooley, KM Haynes, JA TI Optimization of chemical vapor deposition parameters for fabrication of oxidation-resistant mullite coatings on silicon nitride SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ALUMINOSILICATES; MIXTURES; KINETICS; ALCL3; H-2; CO2 AB Fabrication of mullite (3Al(2)O(3)(.)2SiO(2)) coatings by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using AlCl3-SiCl4-H-2-CO2 gas mixtures was studied. The resultant CVD mullite coating microstructures were sensitive to gas-phase composition and deposition temperature. Chemical thermodynamic calculations performed on the AlCl3-SiCl4-H-2-CO2 system were used to predict an equilibrium CVD phase diagram. Results from the thermodynamic analysis, process optimization, and effects of various process parameters on coating morphology are discussed. Dense, adherent crystalline CVD mullite coatings similar to2 mum thick were successfully grown on Si3N4 substrates at 1000degreesC and 10.7 kPa total pressure. The resultant coatings were 001 textured and contained well-faceted grains similar to0.3-0.5 mum in size. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zemskova, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2201 EP 2207 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07491.x PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 889PJ UT WOS:000226454600007 ER PT J AU Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E AF Radovic, M Lara-Curzio, E TI Elastic properties of nickel-based anodes for solid oxide fuel cells as a function of the fraction of reduced NiO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE REFRACTORY MATERIALS; YOUNG MODULUS; POROSITY; BEHAVIOR AB The changes in porosity and elastic moduli of YSZ-containing nickel-based anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells were studied as a function of the fraction of reduced NiO. Anode samples were reduced in a gas mixture of 4% hydrogen and 96% argon for different periods of time at 800degreesC and their Young's and shear moduli were determined afterward at room temperature using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and impulse excitation. It was found that the magnitude of Young's and shear moduli decreased significantly with increasing fraction of reduced NiO and that the magnitude of the elastic moduli of a fully reduced Ni-YSZ anode was similar to45% lower than that of unreduced NiO-YSZ. Because the elastic moduli of NiO are close to those of Ni, the observed decrease in the magnitude of the elastic moduli was found to be caused mainly by the significant increase in the porosity of the sample as a result of NiO reduction. Expressions are presented for the amount of porosity and the magnitude of the elastic moduli as a function of the fraction of reduced NiO. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radovic, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43086-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2242 EP 2246 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07499.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 889PJ UT WOS:000226454600015 ER PT J AU Liu, HZ Jin, CQ Chen, JH Hu, JZ AF Liu, HZ Jin, CQ Chen, JH Hu, JZ TI Anomalous dynamical charge change behavior of nanocrystalline 3C-SiC upon compression SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; 6H POLYTYPE; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; ULTRAHIGH PRESSURES; OPTICAL PHONONS; RAMAN MODES; GPA; DIFFRACTION; DIAMOND AB Using diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique, in situ high-pressure Raman scattering and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) experiments were used at room temperature to study 3C-SiC with an average grain size of 30 nm. In contrast to its bulk counterpart, a decrease of the Born's transverse effective charge of these nanocrystals was observed with increasing pressure from measurements of the longitudinal and transverse optical phonon modes (longitudinal optical-transverse optical) splitting. This is therefore indicative of a diminishing ionicity of nanocrystalline 3C-SiC on compression. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, HPCAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hliu@hpcat.aps.anl.gov RI Liu, Haozhe/E-6169-2011 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 87 IS 12 BP 2291 EP 2293 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07508.x PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 889PJ UT WOS:000226454600024 ER PT J AU Scott, RWJ Wilson, OM Oh, SK Kenik, EA Crooks, RM AF Scott, RWJ Wilson, OM Oh, SK Kenik, EA Crooks, RM TI Bimetallic palladium-gold dendrimer-encapsulated catalysts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; SURFACE IMMOBILIZATION; SIZE-CONTROL; PD; COLLOIDS; CLUSTERS; HYDROGENATION; PLATINUM; NANOCLUSTERS AB The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of 1-3 nm-diameter bimetallic PdAu dendrimer-encapsulated catalysts are reported. Both alloy and core/shell PdAu nanoparticles were prepared. The catalytic hydrogenation of allyl alcohol was significantly enhanced in the presence of the alloy and core/shell PdAu nanoparticles as compared to mixtures of single-metal nanoparticles. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Crooks, RM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, POB 30012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. EM crooks@tamu.edu RI Wilson, Orla/A-3404-2010; Scott, Robert/A-8742-2011; OI Scott, Robert/0000-0003-2155-7652 NR 54 TC 263 Z9 265 U1 13 U2 132 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 1 PY 2004 VL 126 IS 47 BP 15583 EP 15591 DI 10.1021/ja0475860 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 874KR UT WOS:000225349800064 PM 15563188 ER PT J AU Van Berkel, GJ Kertesz, V Ford, MJ Granger, MC AF Van Berkel, GJ Kertesz, V Ford, MJ Granger, MC TI Efficient analyte oxidation in an electrospray ion source using a porous flow-through electrode emitter SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; RESERPINE; INHERENT; PRODUCT; CELL AB This article describes the components, operation, and use of a porous flow-through electrode emitter in an electrospray ion source. This emitter electrode geometry provided enhanced mass transport to the electrode surface to exploit the inherent electrochemistry of the electrospray process for efficient analyte oxidation at flow rates up to 800 muL/min. An upstream current loop in the electrospray source circuit, formed by a grounded contact to solution upstream of the emitter electrode, was utilized to increase the magnitude of the total current at the emitter electrode to overcome current limits to efficient oxidation. The resistance in this upstream current loop was altered to control the Current and "dial-in" the extent of analyte oxidation, and thus, the abundance and nature of the oxidized analyte ions observed in the mass spectrum. The oxidation of reserpine to form a variety of products by Multiple electron transfer reactions and oxidation of the ferroceneboronate derivative of pinacol to form the ES active radical cation were used to study and to illustrate the performance of this new emitter electrode design. Flow injection, continuous infusion, and on-line HPLC experiments were performed. (C) 2004 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spect Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ESA, Chelmsford, MA USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spect Grp, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 5510, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vanberkelgj@ornl.gov RI Granger, Michael/G-3299-2012; Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Granger, Michael/0000-0002-2385-6413; Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1755 EP 1766 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.08.013 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 878SO UT WOS:000225667300008 PM 15589753 ER PT J AU Barker, HW Pavloski, CF Ovtchinnikov, M Clothiaux, EE AF Barker, HW Pavloski, CF Ovtchinnikov, M Clothiaux, EE TI Assessing a cloud optical depth retrieval algorithm with model-generated data and the frozen turbulence assumption SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; SIMULATION; RADIATION; THICKNESS; ALBEDO AB A cloud optical depth retrieval algorithm that utilizes time series of solar irradiance and zenith downwelling radiance data collected at a fixed surface site is assessed using model-generated cloud fields and simulated radiation measurements. To date, the retrieval algorithm has only been assessed using instantaneous cloud fields in which time series were mimicked via the frozen turbulence assumption. In this study, time series of radiation data are generated for use by the algorithm from a series of snapshots of an evolving and advecting cloud field, with values of optical depth retrieved for clouds occurring at the midpoint of the time series. This approach resembles conditions encountered in the field much better than those arising from the convenient frozen turbulence assumption. Values of optical depth are also retrieved for the same cloud field by employing the frozen turbulence approach. For the field of broken, shallow cumulus considered here, differences between the two sets of retrievals are small. This suggests that the encouraging results obtained thus far for this retrieval algorithm have not been secured falsely by the frozen turbulence assumption. C1 Meteorol Serv Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Div ARMP, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Barker, HW (reprint author), Meteorol Serv Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Div ARMP, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM howard.barker@ec.gc.ca NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 61 IS 23 BP 2951 EP 2956 DI 10.1175/JAS-3310.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 877QG UT WOS:000225584500014 ER PT J AU Wang, YQ Leung, LR McGregor, JL Lee, DK Wang, WC Ding, YH Kimura, F AF Wang, YQ Leung, LR McGregor, JL Lee, DK Wang, WC Ding, YH Kimura, F TI Regional climate modeling: Progress, challenges, and prospects SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Regional Climate Modeling for Monson Systems CY MAR 04-06, 2003 CL Frontier Res Syst Global Change Japan Acgy Marine-Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, JAPAN SP GAME, Int Sci Panel, GISP, FRSGC, FRSOGC HO Frontier Res Syst Global Change Japan Acgy Marine-Earth Sci & Technol ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LIMITED-AREA MODEL; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; SUBGRID OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; LAND-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS; LATERAL BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PART I; EAST-ASIA; SOIL-MOISTURE AB Regional climate modeling using regional climate models (RCMs) has matured over the past decade to enable meaningful utilization in a broad spectrum of applications. In this paper, the latest progress in regional climate modeling studies is reviewed, including RCM development, applications of RCMs to dynamical downscaling for climate change assessment and seasonal climate predictions, climate process studies, and the study of regional climate predictability. Challenges and potential directions of future research in this important area are discussed, with focus on those that have received less attention previously, such as the importance of ensemble simulations, further development and improvement of the regional climate modeling approach, modeling extreme climate events and sub-daily variation of clouds and precipitation, model evaluation and diagnostics, applications of RCMs to climate process studies and seasonal predictions, and development of regional earth system models. It is believed that with the demonstrated credibility of RCMs in reproducing not only monthly to seasonal mean climate and interannual variability, but also the extreme climate events when driven by good quality reanalysis and continuous improvements in the skill of global general circulation models (GCMs) in simulating large-scale atmospheric circulation, regional climate modeling will remain an important dynamical downscaling tool for providing the needed information for assessing climate change impacts, and seasonal climate predictions, and a powerful tool for improving our understanding of regional climate processes. Internationally coordinated efforts can be developed to further advance regional climate modeling studies. It is also recognized that since the final quality of the results from nested RCMs depends in part on the realism of the large-scale forcing provided by GCMs, the reduction of errors and improvement in physics parameterizations in both GCMs and RCMs remain a priority for the climate modeling community. C1 Univ Hawaii, IPRC, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. CSIRO, Div Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. Seoul Natl Univ, Atmospher Sci Program, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tsukuba, Terrestrial Environm Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Frontier Res Syst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Wang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, IPRC, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM yuqing@hawaii.edu RI McGregor, John/C-6646-2012 NR 168 TC 228 Z9 243 U1 2 U2 73 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1599 EP 1628 DI 10.2151/jmsj.82.1599 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892CX UT WOS:000226628500009 ER PT J AU Leung, LR Zhong, SY Qian, Y Liu, YM AF Leung, LR Zhong, SY Qian, Y Liu, YM TI Evaluation of regional climate simulations of the 1998 and 1999 East Asian summer monsoon using the GAME/HUBEX observational data SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Regional Climate Modeling for Monson Systems CY MAR 04-06, 2003 CL Frontier Res Syst Global Change Japan Acgy Marine-Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, JAPAN SP GAME, Int Sci Panel, GISP, FRSGC, FRSOGC HO Frontier Res Syst Global Change Japan Acgy Marine-Earth Sci & Technol ID PART I; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PRECIPITATION; HYDROCLIMATE; COVER AB A regional climate model based on the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) was used to simulate the 1998 and 1999 East Asian summer monsoon conditions. Simulations were performed for 1 April-31 August of each year, with initial and lateral boundary conditions provided by the ECMWF analysis. Observations from the 1998 and 1999 GAME/HUBEX experiments were used to evaluate the regional climate simulations. Based on observations, large differences can be found between the 1998 and 1999 meteorological conditions and surface energy budgets at the Shouxian station during the IOPs, with much higher rain intensity but only slightly higher rain frequency in 1998 than 1999. For 1998, although the regional climate model was able to reproduce the general spatial distribution of monthly mean rainfall quite well during the summer monsoon season, large discrepancies can be found in comparing the observed and simulated surface climate and energy fluxes in the HUBEX region. By using Four Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA) technique, which constrains the simulated large-scale circulation with observations from 21 soundings in the HUBEX alpha-scale region, both the root mean square error and mean bias in rainfall were greatly reduced. The improvements in simulating rainfall were related to both reduction in errors of precipitation amount and timing. In the control simulation, a mean bias of -63 W/m(2) (-36%) was found in the simulated surface net radiation at Shouxian, which suggest large errors in simulating clouds in the region. With FDDA, the bias was significantly reduced to -23 W/m(2) (-13%), with corresponding reduction of bias in the latent heat flux. This suggests that at least part of the model bias in simulating net radiation is related to errors in simulating the large-scale circulation, which can affect cloud amount and vertical distribution. Comparing the 1998 and 1999 simulations, both without FDDA, smaller biases were found in the surface fluxes during 1999. Percentage biases in the net radiation and latent heat flux were -18% and -33% in 1999 and -36% and -50% in 1998 respectively. Based on observations, large differences in the net surface radiation, and small differences in cloud fraction between the two years suggest that cloud optical depth and/or vertical distribution were very different, with more cloudy conditions observed during 1999. Although the 1999 simulations were sensitive to the cumulus convective parameterizations (Grell scheme versus Kain-Fritsch scheme) as shown by the sensitivity experiments, the large differences in simulation skill between the 1998 and 1999 cases, regardless of the convection schemes used, suggest possible dependence of model errors on cloud properties that deserve further investigations. C1 Pacific NW Natl lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX USA. China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Leung, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl lab, Richland, WA USA. RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 82 IS 6 BP 1695 EP 1713 DI 10.2151/jmsj.82.1695 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 892CX UT WOS:000226628500014 ER PT J AU Rademaker, K Krupke, WF Page, RH Payne, SA Petermann, K Huber, G Yelisseyev, AP Isaenko, LI Roy, UN Burger, A Mandal, KC Nitsch, K AF Rademaker, K Krupke, WF Page, RH Payne, SA Petermann, K Huber, G Yelisseyev, AP Isaenko, LI Roy, UN Burger, A Mandal, KC Nitsch, K TI Optical properties of Nd3+- and Tb3+-doped KPb2Br5 and RbPb2Br5 with low nonradiative decay SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH IONS; DOUBLE CHLORIDE CRYSTALS; DOPED DOUBLE CHLORIDE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LEAD BROMIDE; TELECOMMUNICATION AMPLIFIERS; MU-M; EMISSION PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION AB We report on the optical properties of Nd3+- and Tb3+-doped low-phonon-energy moisture-resistant host crystals, potassium lead bromide (KPb2Br5), and rubidium lead bromide (RbPb2Br5), including absorption, emission, and emission lifetime measurements as well as calculations of the multiphonon decay rate, Judd-Ofelt parameters, and radiative transition probabilities for relevant (laser) transitions in these crystals. The RE3+:MPb2Br5 (M = Rb, K) crystal is a promising candidate for long-wavelength infrared applications because of the low phonon frequencies and other favorable features. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Laser Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, Design & Technol Inst Monocrystals, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 63005, Russia. Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Photon Mat & Devices, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EIC Labs Inc, Div Sci Mat, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, CR-16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Isaenko, Ludmila/H-7620-2013; Yelisseyev, Alexander/A-3846-2014; Isaenko, Ludmila/A-5272-2014; Nitsch, Karel/F-8545-2014 NR 46 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2117 EP 2129 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.002117 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 878SK UT WOS:000225666900008 ER PT J AU Beach, RJ Krupke, WE Kanz, VK Payne, SA Dubinskii, MA Merkle, LD AF Beach, RJ Krupke, WE Kanz, VK Payne, SA Dubinskii, MA Merkle, LD TI End-pumped continuous-wave alkali vapor lasers: experiment, model, and power scaling SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED FLUORESCENCE; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; YAG LASER; RUBIDIUM; ATOMS; MOLECULES; MIXTURES; RB AB End-pumped alkali vapor lasers excited on their D-2 transition and lased on their D-1 transition offer a pathway to high average power that potentially competes with diode-pumped solid-state lasers in many applications that require cw or quasi-cw laser operation. We report on the first experimental demonstration of an end-pumped Cs laser using a Ti:sapphire laser for pump excitation. Detailed experimental and model results are presented that indicate our understanding of the underlying physics involved in such systems is complete. Using an extrapolation of our developed model, a discussion is given on power scaling diode-pumped alkali lasers, indicating a potential efficiency advantage over power-scaled diode-pumped solid-state lasers. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRD, ARL,SEEO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beach, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM beach2@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 189 Z9 207 U1 2 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2151 EP 2163 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.002151 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 878SK UT WOS:000225666900012 ER PT J AU Liao, ZM Payne, SA Dawson, J Drobshoff, A Ebbers, C Pennington, D Taylor, L AF Liao, ZM Payne, SA Dawson, J Drobshoff, A Ebbers, C Pennington, D Taylor, L TI Thermally induced dephasing in periodically poled KTP frequency-doubling crystals SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; LAMINAR FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; GRAY-TRACKING; KTIOPO4; LITAO3; GREEN AB A thermally induced spatial and temporal dephasing model of second-harmonic generation has been developed to describe the conversion efficiency and its degradation of periodically poled potassium titanium phosphate (PPKTP) in a cw, single-pass frequency conversion system. The model confirms the experimental data that show that second-harmonic power greater than 800 mW (15 kW/cm(2)) causes two-photon nonlinear absorption, leading to time-dependent photochromic damage in PPKTP. This added absorption degrades the conversion efficiency from an initial value of 19% to an unrecoverable asymptotic value of similar to8% in 2 h at 145 kW/cm(2) of pump intensity through thermal detuning phase mismatch. (C) 2004 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Liao, ZM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-482, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM liao2@llnl.gov RI Liao, Zhi/G-3729-2013 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 21 IS 12 BP 2191 EP 2196 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.21.002191 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 878SK UT WOS:000225666900016 ER PT J AU Kaneshita, E Martin, I Bishop, AR AF Kaneshita, E Martin, I Bishop, AR TI Local edge modes in doped cuprates with checkerboard polaronic heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE polaron; local mode; eletron-phonon coupling; high-temperature superconductor ID BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; STATES; LA1.65EU0.2SR0.15CUO4; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We study a periodic polaronic system, which exhibits a nanoscale superlattice structure, as a model for hole-doped cuprates with checkerboard-like heterogeneity, as has been observed recently by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Within this model, the electronic and phononic excitations are investigated by applying an unrestricted Hartree-Fock and a random phase approximation (RPA) to a multiband Peierls-Hubbard Hamiltonian in two dimensions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kaneshita, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eiji@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3223 EP 3226 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.73.3223 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 882BM UT WOS:000225913500002 ER PT J AU Wakimoto, S Lee, S Gehring, PM Birgeneau, RJ Shirane, G AF Wakimoto, S Lee, S Gehring, PM Birgeneau, RJ Shirane, G TI Neutron scattering study of soft phonons and diffuse scattering in insulating La1.95Sr0.05CuO4 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE La2-xSrxCuO4; neutron scattering; soft phonon; diffuse scattering ID LA2-XSRXCUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; INSTABILITY; LA2CUO4; ORDER AB Soft phonons and diffuse scattering in insulating La2-xSrxCUO4 (x = 0.05) have been studied by the neutron scattering technique. The X-point phonon softens from high temperature towards the structural transition temperature T-c = 410 K, and the Z-point phonon softens again below 200 K. The Z-point phonon softening persists to low temperature, in contrast to the behavior observed in the superconducting x = 0.15 compound, in which the Z-point phonon hardens below T-c. The diffuse scattering associated with the structural phase transition at 410 K appears at commensurate positions. These results highlight interesting differences between superconducting and insulating samples. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wakimoto, S (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM swakimoto@neutrons.tokai.jaeri.go.jp OI Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 73 IS 12 BP 3413 EP 3417 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.73.3413 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 882BM UT WOS:000225913500033 ER PT J AU Matejicek, J Ilavsky, J AF Matejicek, J Ilavsky, J TI Patents - Overlooked source of information SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Plasma Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Matejicek, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Plasma Phys, Prague 18221, Czech Republic. RI Matejicek, Jiri/G-2313-2014 OI Matejicek, Jiri/0000-0001-8454-2808 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 13 IS 4 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 884KA UT WOS:000226082400002 ER PT J AU Peskin, A AF Peskin, A TI Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Informat Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Peskin, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Informat Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1063-0732 EI 1466-1853 J9 J URBAN TECHNOL JI J. Urban Technol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 11 IS 3 BP 128 EP 130 PG 3 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 913DD UT WOS:000228130800007 ER PT J AU Binley, JA Wrin, T Korber, B Zwick, MB Wang, M Chappey, C Stiegler, G Kunert, R Zolla-Pazner, S Katinger, H Petropoulos, CJ Burton, DR AF Binley, JA Wrin, T Korber, B Zwick, MB Wang, M Chappey, C Stiegler, G Kunert, R Zolla-Pazner, S Katinger, H Petropoulos, CJ Burton, DR TI Comprehensive cross-clade neutralization analysis of a panel of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 monoclonal antibodies SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID CD4 BINDING-SITE; VACCINE EVALUATION SITES; HIV TYPE-1; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; SYNERGISTIC NEUTRALIZATION; V3 LOOP; SUBTYPE-C; IN-VITRO; INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION; BROAD NEUTRALIZATION AB Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are potentially important tools in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine design. A few rare MAbs have been intensively studied, but we still have a limited appreciation of their neutralization breadth. Using a pseudovirus assay, we evaluated MAbs from clade B-infected donors and a clade B HIV+ plasma against 93 viruses from diverse backgrounds. Anti-gp120 MAbs exhibited greater activity against clade B than non-B viruses, whereas anti-gp4l MAbs exhibited broad interclade activity. Unexpectedly, MAb 4E10 (directed against the C terminus of the gp41 ectodomain) neutralized all 90 viruses with moderate potency. MAb 2F5 (directed against an epitope adjacent to that of 4E10) neutralized 67% of isolates, but none from clade C. Anti-gp120 MAb b12 (directed against an epitope overlapping the CD4 binding site) neutralized 50% of viruses, including some from almost every clade. 2G12 (directed against a high-mannose epitope on gp120) neutralized 41% of the viruses, but none from clades C or E. MAbs to the gp120 V3 loop, including 447-52D, neutralized a subset of clade B viruses (up to 45%) but infrequently neutralized other clades (less than or equal to7%). MAbs b6 (directed against the CD4 binding site) and X5 (directed against a CD4-induced epitope of gp120) neutralized only sensitive primary clade B viruses. The HIV+ plasma neutralized 70% of the viruses, including some from all major clades. Further analysis revealed five neutralizing immunotypes that were somewhat associated with clades. As well as the significance for vaccine design, our data have implications for passive-immunization studies in countries where clade C viruses are common, given that only MAbs b12 and 4E10 were effective against viruses from this clade. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. ViroLogic Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Agr Sci, Inst Appl Microbiol, Vienna, Austria. NYU, Dept Pathol, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. VA Med Ctr, Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect, New York, NY USA. RP Burton, DR (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd,IMM2, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM burton@scripps.edu OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 59725, R01 HL059725]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27742, AI33292, P30 AI027742, R01 AI033292, R37 AI033292] NR 155 TC 554 Z9 573 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 78 IS 23 BP 13232 EP 13252 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.23.13232-13252.2004 PG 21 WC Virology SC Virology GA 870VT UT WOS:000225087500051 PM 15542675 ER PT J AU Varnum, SM Streblow, DN Monroe, ME Smith, P Auberry, KJ Pasa-Tolic, L Wang, D Camp, DG Rodland, K Wiley, S Britt, W Shenk, T Smith, RD Nelson, JA AF Varnum, SM Streblow, DN Monroe, ME Smith, P Auberry, KJ Pasa-Tolic, L Wang, D Camp, DG Rodland, K Wiley, S Britt, W Shenk, T Smith, RD Nelson, JA TI Identification of proteins in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) particles: the HCMV proteome (vol 78, pg 10960, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Biol Mol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Varnum, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 78 IS 23 BP 13395 EP 13395 DI 10.1128/JVI.78.23.13395.2004 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 870VT UT WOS:000225087500070 ER PT J AU van Tilborg, J Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF van Tilborg, J Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Leemans, WP TI Pulse shape and spectrum of coherent diffraction-limited transition radiation from electron beams SO LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Laser and Plasma Accelerators CY SEP 29-OCT 03, 2003 CL Portovenere, ITALY DE coherent transition radiation; diffraction; electron beams; radiation temporal profile ID REPETITION-RATE; GENERATION AB The electric field in the temporal and spectral domain of coherent diffraction-limited transition radiation is studied. An electron bunch, with arbitrary longitudinal momentum distribution, propagating at normal incidence to a sharp metal-vacuum boundary with finite transverse dimension is considered. A general expression for the spatiotemporal electric field of the transition radiation is derived, and closed-form solutions for several special cases are given. The influence of parameters such as radial boundary size, electron momentum distribution, and angle of observation on the waveform (e.g., radiation pulse length and amplitude) are discussed. For a Gaussian electron bunch, the coherent radiation waveform is shown to have a single-cycle profile. Application to a novel THz source based on a laser-driven accelerator is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jvantilborg@lbl.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0263-0346 EI 1469-803X J9 LASER PART BEAMS JI Laser Part. Beams PD DEC PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1017/S0263034604040078 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 894PG UT WOS:000226803500006 ER PT J AU Pereyra, R Shen, YL AF Pereyra, R Shen, YL TI Characterization of particle concentration in indentation-deformed metal-ceramic composites SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE indentation; metal matrix composites; microscopy; finite element analysis ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; HARDNESS; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIMULATION; STRESS AB Previous studies have shown that the indentation technique is prone to overestimate the overall strength of heterogeneous materials containing hard particles in a ductile matrix. The localized increase in particle concentration under the indentation has been proposed as a possible cause. In this study, a direct characterization is undertaken using an aluminum/silicon carbide metal matrix composite. Quantitative metallography on the post-indented material is carried out to measure the particle volume fraction. A distinct increase in particle concentration induced by the indentation is found. The spatial distribution of particle concentration is also examined in detail. The residual compressive stress field remained in the material after unloading, as illustrated by the finite element analysis, is shown to correlate with the experimental measurement of the particle concentration. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shen, YL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM shenyl@me.unm.edu RI Shen, Yu-Lin/C-1942-2008 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 53 IS 5 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2004.08.006 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 883DK UT WOS:000225990200003 ER PT J AU Bleloch, A Lupini, A AF Bleloch, Andrew Lupini, Andrew TI Imaging at the picoscale SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article AB Products that continue to improve both in price and performance are a surprising but welcome feature of what has been the micro-age and is now becoming the nano-age. This virtuous circle is driven by miniaturization. Electron microscopy has constantly played a crucial role in elucidating the developing science and technology, having resolution measured in nanometers in the micro-age and, over the last five years, moving to resolution measured in picometers in the nano-age. The principal breakthrough that has enabled this recent rapid improvement in electron microscopy is the correction of electron-optical aberrations. The realization of this improvement (the principle has been known since 1947) is in turn crucially dependent on the very electronic and computer technology it has played a role in enabling. C1 [Bleloch, Andrew] CLRC Daresbury, SuperSTEM Lab, Daresbury WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Lupini, Andrew] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bleloch, A (reprint author), CLRC Daresbury, SuperSTEM Lab, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. EM ab122@cam.ac.uk FU UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) FX Thanks to Uwe Falke and Meiken Falke for Figs. 5 and 6 and to the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for the funding of SuperSTEM. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 EI 1873-4103 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD DEC PY 2004 VL 7 IS 12 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00570-X PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V32DP UT WOS:000208932200031 ER PT J AU Eskow, E Bader, B Byrd, R Crivelli, S Head-Gordon, T Lamberti, V Schnabel, R AF Eskow, E Bader, B Byrd, R Crivelli, S Head-Gordon, T Lamberti, V Schnabel, R TI An optimization approach to the problem of protein structure prediction SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION EQUATION METHOD; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; AMINO-ACID; ENERGY; HYDRATION; MINIMIZATION; HYPERSURFACE; ALGORITHM; SEQUENCE; DYNAMICS AB We describe a large-scale, stochastic-perturbation global optimization algorithm used for determining the structure of proteins. The method incorporates secondary structure predictions (which describe the more basic elements of the protein structure) into the starting structures, and thereafter minimizes using a purely physics-based energy model. Results show this method to be particularly successful on protein targets where structural information from similar proteins is unavailable, i.e., the most difficult targets for most protein structure prediction methods. Our best result to date is on a protein target containing over 4000 atoms and similar to12,000 cartesian coordinates. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eskow, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 101 IS 3 BP 497 EP 514 DI 10.1007/s10107-003-0493-4 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 872VX UT WOS:000225238400005 ER PT J AU Romig, AD AF Romig, AD TI Nanotechnology: Scientific challenges and societal benefits and risks SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCLUSTERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; LASERS AB The field of nanotechnology is developing rapidly, as are its practical application in society. In this article, we give examples that demonstrate the enormous potential that exists for this new class of materials, and for devices with critical dimensions of less than 100 run. We also identify some of the challenges that need to be faced in order to fully realize the practical benefits of nanotechnology, and discuss possible risks that may come with this new technology. In all cases, the unique advantage of nanotechnology can be traced back to nanoscale physical and chemical properties that are quite different from those encountered in more traditional microscopic (micro) or macroscopic (macro) materials and devices. Unique nanoscale properties and behaviors are already being used to increase energy efficiency, improve healthcare, and strengthen national security. However, while progress is rapid, many challenges remain. These include manufacturing at the nanoscale, integration of nanoscale materials and devices with more conventional technology, and predictive modeling that will allow nanotechnology to be engineered reliably into useful applications and products. Nanotechnology can be expected to have an increasing impact on human lives and society at large. As we strive to use nanotechnology to improve human life through better healthcare, cleaner environment, and improved national security, we must also work to detect and assess the negative impacts that nanotechnology (or any new technology) might bring. We suggest that the conduct of science should be allowed to proceed unimpeded, so that we can fully understand and appreciate the rules of nature at the nanometer scale. That said, scientific pursuits that involve self-replication in synthetic Systems, encryption, defense technology, or the enhancement of human intelligence should be reviewed. The development of new technology from fundamental science and the process of deciding what new technology is to be created for what purpose are topics for reasoned debate among the general public as well as in the forums of scientific peer review and political decision making. C1 ASM Int, Materials Pk, OH 44073 USA. RP Romig, AD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35A IS 12 BP 3641 EP 3648 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0270-x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 875UT UT WOS:000225448100001 ER PT J AU Henrie, BL Mason, TA Hansen, BL AF Henrie, BL Mason, TA Hansen, BL TI A semiautomated electron backscatter diffraction technique for extracting reliable twin statistics SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; TITANIUM; ZIRCONIUM; MICROSCOPY; METALS; ALLOYS AB A framework has been developed for extracting reliable twin statistics from a deformed microstructure using crystallographic twin identification techniques with spatially correlated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. The key features of this analysis are the use of the mathematical definition of twin relationships, the inclination of the common K-1 plane at a twin boundary, and the correct identification of the parent orientation in a parent/twin pair. Methods for identifying the parent in a parent/twin pair will be briefly discussed and compared. Twin area fractions are then categorized by operative twin systems, number of active twin variants in each system, and corrected twin widths. These statistics are reported here for alpha-zirconium samples deformed in quasi-static four-point bend beams and in a 100 m/s Taylor cylinder impact test. Analysis of the statistics also begins to reveal the roles that deformation rate and relative orientation of the boundary conditions to the material's symmetry axes play in determining the twinning activity that accommodates the imposed boundary conditions. These improved twin statistics can help quantify the deformation processes in materials that deform by twinning as well as serve to provide better validation of proposed models of the deformation processes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Henrie, BL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35A IS 12 BP 3745 EP 3751 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0280-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 875UT UT WOS:000225448100011 ER PT J AU Mahesh, S Tome, CN McCabe, RJ Kaschner, GC Beyerlein, IJ Misra, A AF Mahesh, S Tome, CN McCabe, RJ Kaschner, GC Beyerlein, IJ Misra, A TI Application of a substructure-based hardening model to copper under loading path changes SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WORK-HARDENING/SOFTENING BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY MODEL; 2-STAGE STRAIN PATHS; DISLOCATION-STRUCTURES; GRAIN-ORIENTATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BCC POLYCRYSTALS; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; IF STEEL; DEFORMATION AB In addition to texture, plastic anisotropy of a polycrystalline fcc metal stems from the directional nature of the dislocation substructure within individual grains. This produces the marked work hardening or softening observed immediately following load path changes. Following the framework of Peeters et al.,([1.2]) in bcc steel, we develop a dislocation substructure evolution-based stage III hardening model for copper, capable of capturing the constitutive response under load path changes. The present model accounts for the more complicated substructure geometry in fcc metals than in bee. Using an optimization algorithm, the parameters governing substructure evolution in the model are fit to experimental stress-strain curves obtained during compression along the three orthogonal directions in samples previously rolled to various reductions. These experiments approximate monotonic, reverse, and cross-load paths. With parameters suitably chosen, the substructure model, embedded into a self-consistent polycrystal plasticity model, is able to reproduce the measured flow stress response of copper during load path change experiments. The sensitivity of the parameters to the assumed substructure geometry and their uniqueness are also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tome, CN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM toine@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 NR 50 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35A IS 12 BP 3763 EP 3774 DI 10.1007/s11661-004-0282-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 875UT UT WOS:000225448100013 ER PT J AU Romig, AD AF Romig, AD TI Nanotechnology: Scientific challenges and societal benefits and risks SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCLUSTERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; LASERS AB The field of nanotechnology is developing rapidly, as are its practical application in society. In this article, we give examples that demonstrate the enormous potential that exists for this new class of materials, and for devices with critical dimensions of less than 100 nm. We also identify some of the challenges that need to be faced in order to fully realize the practical benefits of nanotechnology, and discuss possible risks that may come with this new technology. In all cases, the unique advantage of nanotechnology can be traced back to nanoscale physical and chemical properties that are quite different from those encountered in more traditional microscopic (micro) or macroscopic (macro) materials and devices. Unique nanoscale properties and behaviors are already being used to increase energy efficiency, improve healthcare, and strengthen national security. However, while progress is rapid, many challenges remain. These include manufacturing at the nanoscale, integration of nanoscale materials and devices with more conventional technology, and predictive modeling that will allow nanotechnology to be engineered reliably into useful applications and products. Nanotechnology can be expected to have an increasing impact on human lives and society at large. As we strive to use nanotechnology to improve human life through better healthcare, cleaner environment, and improved national security, we must also work to detect and assess the negative impacts that nanotechnology (or any new technology) might bring. We suggest that the conduct of science should be allowed to proceed unimpeded, so that we can fully understand and appreciate the rules of nature at the nanometer scale. That said, scientific pursuits that involve self-replication in synthetic systems, encryption, defense technology, or the enhancement of human intelligence should be reviewed. The development of new technology from fundamental science and the process of deciding what new technology is to be created for what purpose are topics for reasoned debate among the general public as well as in the forums of scientific peer review and political decision making. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Romig, AD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1028 DI 10.1007/s11663-004-0058-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 875KQ UT WOS:000225419500001 ER PT J AU Chang, FC Hull, JR Beitelman, L AF Chang, FC Hull, JR Beitelman, L TI Simulation of flow control in the meniscus of a continuous casting mold with opposing alternating current magnetic fields SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEEL; SOLIDIFICATION; BILLETS AB A numerical simulation was performed for a novel electromagnetic stir-ring system that employs two rotating magnetic fields. The system controls stirring flow in the meniscus region of a continuous casting mold independently from the stirring induced within the remaining volume of the mold by a main electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) system. This control is achieved by applying to the meniscus region an alternating current-stirring modifier (AC-SM) whose direction of rotation is opposite to that of the main magnetic field produced by the M-EMS. The model computes values and spatial distributions of electromagnetic parameters and fluid flow in stirred pools of mercury in cylindrical and square pools. Also predicted are the relationships between electromagnetics and fluid flows pertinent to a dynamic equilibrium of the opposing stirring swirls in the meniscus region. Results of the numerical simulation compared well with the measurements obtained from experiments with mercury pools. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Thermal & Electromech Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chang, FC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Thermal & Electromech Sect, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chang@anl.gov NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5615 J9 METALL MATER TRANS B JI Metall. Mater. Trans. B-Proc. Metall. Mater. Proc. Sci. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1129 EP 1137 DI 10.1007/s11663-004-0069-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 875KQ UT WOS:000225419500012 ER PT J AU Snyder, JC Spuhler, J Wiedenheft, B Roberto, FF Douglas, T Young, MJ AF Snyder, JC Spuhler, J Wiedenheft, B Roberto, FF Douglas, T Young, MJ TI Effects of culturing on the population structure of a hyperthermophilic virus SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; ARCHAEAL DIVERSITY; GENOME; SSV1; ENVIRONMENTS; CLUSTAL AB The existence of a culturing bias has long been known when sampling organisms from the environment. This bias underestimates microbial diversity and does not accurately reflect the most ecologically relevant species. Until now no study has examined the effects of culture bias on viral populations. We have employed culture-independent methods to assess the diversity of Sulfolobus spindle-shaped viruses (SSVs) from extremely hyperthermal environments. This diversity is then compared to the viral diversity of cultured samples. We detected a clear culturing bias between environmental samples and cultured isolates. This is the first study identifying a culture bias in a viral population. C1 Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. INEEL, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Young, MJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM myoung@montana.edu RI Douglas, Trevor/F-2748-2011 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2004 VL 48 IS 4 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1007/s00248-004-0246-9 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 894ZG UT WOS:000226829500012 PM 15696389 ER PT J AU Zhang, WW Shi, L AF Zhang, WW Shi, L TI Evolution of the PPM-family protein phosphatases in Streptomyces: duplication of catalytic domain and lateral recruitment of additional sensory domains SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; COELICOLOR A3(2); BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; KINASES; SERINE; ORGANISMS; BACTERIA; STRESS AB Originally identified from eukaryotes, the Mg2+- or Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) are a diverse group of enzymes whose members include eukaryotic PP2C and some prokaryotic serine/threonine phosphatases. In a previous study, unexpectedly large numbers of PPMs were identified in two Streptomyces genomes. In this work, a phylogenetic analysis was performed with all the PPMs available from a wide variety of microbial sources to determine the evolutionary origin of the Streptomyces PPM proteins. Consistent with earlier hypotheses, the results suggested that the microbial PPMs were relatively recent additions from eukaryotic sources. Results also indicated that the Streptomyces PPIMs were divided into two major subfamilies at an early stage of their emergence in Streptomyces genomes. The first subfamily, which contains only six Streptomyces PPMs, possesses a catalytic domain whose sequence and architecture are similar to that of eukaryotic PPMs; the second subfamily contains 89 Streptomyces PPMs that lack the 5a and 5b catalytic domain motifs, similar to the PPMs SpoIIE and RsbU of Bacillus subtilis. Significant gene duplication was observed for the PPMs in the second subfamily. In addition, more than half (54%) of the Streptomyces PPMs from the second subfamily were found to have at least one additional sensory domain, most commonly the PAS or the GAF domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these domains tended to be clustered according to the putative physiological functions rather than taxonomic relationship, implying that they might have arisen as a result of domain recruitment in a late evolutionary stage. This study provides an insight into how Streptomyces spp. may have expanded their PPM-based signal transduction networks to enable them to respond to a greater range of environmental changes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Microbiol, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,Mail Stop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weiwen.zhang@pnl.gov; liang.shi@pnl.gov NR 44 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD DEC PY 2004 VL 150 BP 4189 EP 4197 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27480-0 PN 12 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 883VE UT WOS:000226043000031 PM 15583171 ER EF