FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Fallon, SJ McCulloch, MT Guilderson, TP AF Fallon, SJ McCulloch, MT Guilderson, TP TI Interpreting environmental signals from the coralline sponge Astrosclera willeyana SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ocean Science Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Geophys Union DE Sr/Ca ratios; paleoceanography; sclerosponge; Astrosclera willeyana; ocean temperature; calibration ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HIGH-RESOLUTION SR/CA; MARINE CARBONATES; SKELETAL DENSITY; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PORITES CORALS; GROWTH-RATE; RECORD; SCLEROSPONGES AB Coralline sponges (sclerosponges) have been proposed as a new source for paleo subsurface temperature reconstructions by utilizing methods developed for reef-building corals. However unlike corals, they do not have density variations, making age determination difficult. In this study, we examined multiple elemental ratios (B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, U/Ca) in the coralline sponge Astrosclera willeyana. We also measured skeletal density profiles along the outer "living" edge of the sponges and these data indicate significant thickening of skeletal material over intervals of 2-3 mm which corresponds to 2-3 years. This suggests that any skeletal recovered environmental record from A. willeyana is an integration of signals over a similar to 2-3 year period. Sponge Sr/Ca seemed to hold the most promise as a recorder of water temperature and we compared Sr/Ca from 2 sponges in the Great Barrier Reef and one from Truk in Micronesia to their respective sea surface temperature record. The correlations were not strong (similar to r=-0.5) but were significant. It appears that the signal smoothing due to thickening or perhaps even some other control (biologic, biomineralization) on Sr skeletal partitioning limits the use of Sr/Ca as an indicator of water temperature in A. willeyana. Variations of B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca and U/Ca only have moderate to poor correlations to Sr/Ca and are not consistent between samples. They also do not show correlations with water temperature and may be more heavily influenced by the biomineralization occurring in the secondary thickening. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM fallon4@llnl.gov RI Fallon, Stewart/G-6645-2011; McCulloch, Malcolm/C-3651-2009 OI Fallon, Stewart/0000-0002-8064-5903; NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 228 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.053 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 986VX UT WOS:000233478900005 ER PT J AU Jones, DS Quitmyer, IR Andrus, CFT AF Jones, DS Quitmyer, IR Andrus, CFT TI Oxygen isotopic evidence for greater seasonality in Holocene shells of Donax variabilis from Florida SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ocean Science Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Geophys Union DE oxygen isotopes; Donax variabilis; shell growth; paleotemperature; Florida; Holocene ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; GROWTH INCREMENTS; TEMPERATURE; RATES; SCLEROCHRONOLOGY; SAY; CHEMISTRY; ARAGONITE; MOLLUSKS; ECOLOGY AB Donax variabilis, the variable coquina clam, has been a common inhabitant of exposed sandy beach intertidal and shallow subtidal zones in the southeastern United States throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. It is ideally suited for paleotemperature studies because it is restricted to environments of well-mixed, normal-marine seawater with a fairly uniform isotopic composition. As a result, oxygen isotopic variability in D. variabilis shells is largely explained by temperature variation. Although D. variabilis is small and short-lived, its shell represents an important paleoclimate archive because of its unique habitat preference. High-resolution sampling of individual D. variabilis shells and comparison of oxygen isotopic temperature profiles with historical seawater temperatures from the northeastern Florida coast indicate rapid shell growth over a brief life span of three to five or six months. Analysis of two modern shells reveals a close correspondence between isotopically determined water temperatures and historical water temperatures during the spring-summer growing season. Paleotemperature profiles from four archaeological shells, however, suggest a longer growth interval spanning summer-autumn. Two Preceramic Archaic Period shells (ca. 4240 and 5570 C-14 yr BP) and two Orange Period Archaic shells (ca. 3600 and 3760 C-14 yr BP), from four different archaeological sites, yield paleotemperatures that average 3.5 degrees C higher than present summer-autumn water temperatures. These warm paleotemperatures highlight seasonality differences associated with the mid-Holocene Hypsithermal climatic interval in this region. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Jones, DS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dsjones@flmnh.ufl.edu NR 53 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 228 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.046 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 986VX UT WOS:000233478900008 ER PT J AU Yang, K Fan, HY Malloy, KJ Brinker, CJ Sigmon, TW AF Yang, K Fan, HY Malloy, KJ Brinker, CJ Sigmon, TW TI Optical and electrical properties of self-assembled, ordered gold nanocrystal/silica thin films prepared by sol-gel processing SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE gold; nanostructures; optical properties; electrical properties and measurements ID NANOPARTICLES; ARRAYS AB Highly ordered gold nanocrystal (NC)/silica films are synthesized by self-assembly of water-soluble gold NC micelles and silica using a sol-gel spin coating technique. The optical properties are analyzed using ellipsometry and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Transmission and absorption spectra were measured for wavelengths ranging from 200 to 2000 nm. The absorption spectra show a strong surface plasmon absorption band at similar to 520 nm for all samples. Charge transport behavior of the films was examined using metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures. MOS capacitor samples exhibit charge storage with discharge behavior dominated by electron transport within the gold NC arrays. Low temperature current-voltage measurements on MIM devices reveal electrical conduction with a thermal activation energy of similar to 90 meV For temperatures less than 100 K, the I- V characteristics of the NC film exhibits a strong coulomb blockade effect, with a threshold voltage of similar to 0.5 V measured at 78 K. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Self Assembled Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Self Assembled Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Sigmon, TW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM sigmon@chtm.unm.edu RI Malloy, Kevin/E-5994-2010 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 491 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.05.040 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 973DD UT WOS:000232502200005 ER PT J AU Jankowski, A Ferreira, J Hayes, J AF Jankowski, A Ferreira, J Hayes, J TI Activation energies of grain growth mechanisms in aluminum coatings SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE aluminum; coatings; diffusion; evaporation ID PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; DISLOCATIONS; DIFFUSION; FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; SUBSTRATE; TRANSPORT; TITANIUM AB To produce a specific grain size in metallic coatings requires precise control of the time at temperature during the deposition process. Aluminum coatings are deposited using electron-beam evaporation onto heated substrate surfaces of both mica and lithium flouride. The grain size of the coating is determined upon examination of the microstructure in plan view and cross-section. Ideal grain growth is observed over the entire experimental range of temperature examined from 413 to 843 K. A transition in the activation energy for grain growth from 0.87 to 2.04 eV atom(-1) is observed as the temperature increases from < 526 K to > 588 K. The transition is indicative of the dominant mechanism for grain growth shifting with increasing temperature from grain boundary to lattice diffusion. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jankowski, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jankowski1@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 491 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.05.027 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 973DD UT WOS:000232502200008 ER PT J AU Kowalsky, MB Finsterle, S Peterson, J Hubbard, S Rubin, Y Majer, E Ward, A Gee, G AF Kowalsky, MB Finsterle, S Peterson, J Hubbard, S Rubin, Y Majer, E Ward, A Gee, G TI Estimation of field-scale soil hydraulic and dielectric parameters through joint inversion of GPR and hydrological data SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING-RADAR; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; CROSS-BOREHOLE RADAR; VADOSE ZONE; WATER-CONTENT; TRANSMISSIVITY FIELDS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; SATURATION AB [1] A method is described for the joint use of time-lapse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) travel times and hydrological data to estimate field-scale soil hydraulic parameters. We build upon previous work to take advantage of a wide range of cross-borehole GPR data acquisition configurations and to accommodate uncertainty in the petrophysical function, which relates soil porosity and water saturation to the effective dielectric constant. We first test the inversion methodology using synthetic examples of water injection in the vadose zone. Realistic errors in the petrophysical function result in substantial errors in soil hydraulic parameter estimates, but such errors are minimized through simultaneous estimation of petrophysical parameters. In some cases the use of a simplified GPR simulator causes systematic errors in calculated travel times; simultaneous estimation of a single correction parameter sufficiently reduces the impact of these errors. We also apply the method to the U. S. Department of Energy ( DOE) Hanford site in Washington, where time-lapse GPR and neutron probe (NP) data sets were collected during an infiltration experiment. We find that inclusion of GPR data in the inversion procedure allows for improved predictions of water content, compared to predictions made using NP data alone. These examples demonstrate that the complimentary information contained in geophysical and hydrological data can be successfully extracted in a joint inversion approach. Moreover, since the generation of tomograms is not required, the amount of GPR data required for analyses is relatively low, and difficulties inherent to tomography methods are alleviated. Finally, the approach provides a means to capture the properties and system state of heterogeneous soil, both of which are crucial for assessing and predicting subsurface flow and contaminant transport. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99353 USA. RP Kowalsky, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbkowalsky@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906; NR 78 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 22 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 AR W11425 DI 10.1029/2005wr004237 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 988XF UT WOS:000233634100001 ER PT J AU Bross, A Buscher, V Estrada, J Ginther, G Molina, J AF Bross, A Buscher, V Estrada, J Ginther, G Molina, J TI Gain dispersion in visible light photon counters as a function of counting rate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present measurements of light signals using visible light photon counters (VLPC), that indicate an increase in gain dispersion as the counting rate increases. We show that this dispersion can be understood on the basis of a recent observation of localized field reduction in VLPCs at high input rates. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Bross, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM molina@FNAL.GOV NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 21 AR 214102 DI 10.1063/1.2133921 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 985FM UT WOS:000233362300093 ER PT J AU Degertekin, FL Onaran, AG Balantekin, M Lee, W Hall, NA Quate, CF AF Degertekin, FL Onaran, AG Balantekin, M Lee, W Hall, NA Quate, CF TI Sensor for direct measurement of interaction forces in probe microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DISPLACEMENT DETECTION; CANTILEVERS; TRANSDUCERS; FABRICATION AB We introduce a sensor for direct measurement of tip-sample interaction forces in probe microscopy. The sensor uses a micromachined membrane structure built on a transparent substrate with an integrated diffraction grating for optical interferometric detection, and a built-in electrostatic actuator. To demonstrate our concept for this sensor, we measured the force curves between an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever tip and a micromachined aluminum sensor membrane built on a quartz substrate. We also measured transient interaction forces exerted on the sensor membrane during each cycle of the vibrating AFM cantilever. These agree well with the temporal response of the sensor to a short force pulse applied by our integrated electrostatic actuator. With the addition of an integrated tip, this structure may be used for scanning probe microscopy with a bandwidth limited by the membrane dynamics. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, GW Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Degertekin, FL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, GW Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM ldegertekin@me.gatech.edu NR 15 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 21 AR 213109 DI 10.1063/1.2136430 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 985FM UT WOS:000233362300076 ER PT J AU Persson, C Zunger, A AF Persson, C Zunger, A TI Compositionally induced valence-band offset at the grain boundary of polycrystalline chalcopyrites creates a hole barrier SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; SOLAR-CELLS; GAP; DEPLETION; CUINSE2 AB First-principles calculations of model grain boundaries (GBs) in CuInSe2 and CaGaSe2 show that cation-terminated GBs have a valence-band offset with respect to the grain interior (GI). This offset repels holes from the GBs, thus depriving electrons there from recombination at the GB defects. Anion-terminated GBs have no such valence offset. CuGaSe2 has, in addition, a conduction-band offset at the GB/GI interface, attracting electrons to the GBs. These features explain how polycrystalline chalcopyrite solar cells could outperform their crystalline counterparts. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Persson, C (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM clas.persson@kth.se; alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 17 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 21 AR 211904 DI 10.1063/1.2132537 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 985FM UT WOS:000233362300023 ER PT J AU Prudan, AM Kozyrev, AB Osadchy, VN Kosmin, DM Kaydanova, T Ginley, D AF Prudan, AM Kozyrev, AB Osadchy, VN Kosmin, DM Kaydanova, T Ginley, D TI Electric field stabilization for temperature driven variation of permittivity in ferroelectric devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BA(X)SR1-XTIO3; BEHAVIOR AB The Ginzburg-Devonshire phenomenological approach is used to define the correlation between temperature and electric field magnitudes required to keep permanent values of permittivity of ferroelectrics in rather broad range of operating temperatures. The existence of a crossover of the electric field dependencies for epsilon at different temperatures is demonstrated theoretically. It makes it possible to establish the upper limit of electrical field strength necessary to provide the thermal stability of ferroelectric devices. Theoretical results have been confirmed experimentally with (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin film measurements. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kozyrev, AB (reprint author), St Petersburg Electrotech Univ, 5 Prof Popov Str, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. EM mlp@eltech.ru NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 21 AR 212909 DI 10.1063/1.2125107 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 985FM UT WOS:000233362300066 ER PT J AU Reddy, P Castelino, K Majumdar, A AF Reddy, P Castelino, K Majumdar, A TI Diffuse mismatch model of thermal boundary conductance using exact phonon dispersion SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM AB The acoustic mismatch model (AMM) and the diffuse mismatch model (DMM) have been traditionally used to calculate the thermal boundary conductance of interfaces. In these calculations, the phonon dispersion relationship is usually approximated by a linear relationship (Debye approximation). This is accurate for wave vectors close to the zone center, but deviates significantly for wave vectors near the zone edges. Here, we present DMM calculations of the thermal conductance of Al-Si, Al-Ge, Cu-Si, and Cu-Ge interfaces by taking into account the full phonon dispersion relationship over the entire Brillouin zone obtained using the Born-von Karman model (BKM). The thermal boundary conductance thus calculated deviates significantly from DMM predictions obtained using the Debye model in all cases. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu NR 12 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 21 AR 211908 DI 10.1063/1.2133890 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 985FM UT WOS:000233362300027 ER PT J AU Yellampalle, B Kim, KY Rodriguez, G Glownia, JH Taylor, AJ AF Yellampalle, B Kim, KY Rodriguez, G Glownia, JH Taylor, AJ TI Algorithm for high-resolution single-shot THz measurement using in-line spectral interferometry with chirped pulses SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES; BEAM AB Z. P. Jiang and X. C. Zhang demonstrated a single-shot THz diagnostic based on spectral encoding of a chirped optical probe pulse. This technique is thought to have an inherent uncertainty principle-imposed temporal resolution limitations. In this letter, we describe a method to recover the THz field without distortions, surpassing previous resolution limitations. Our approach is based on interpreting the spectral encoding experiment as in-line spectral interferometry, analogous to Gabor's in-line spatial holography. We recover the THz field from the interferogram and the characterized probe by using Tikhonov regularization combined with lower and upper triangular decomposition. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Yellampalle, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM kishore@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 10 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 21 AR 211109 DI 10.1063/1.2135869 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 985FM UT WOS:000233362300009 ER PT J AU Michaud, EJ Culiat, CT Klebig, ML Barker, PE Cain, KT Carpenter, DJ Easter, LL Foster, CM Gardner, AW Guo, ZY Houser, KJ Hughes, LA Kerley, MK Liu, ZW Olszewski, RE Pinn, I Shaw, GD Shinpock, SG Wymore, AM Rinchik, EM Johnson, DK AF Michaud, EJ Culiat, CT Klebig, ML Barker, PE Cain, KT Carpenter, DJ Easter, LL Foster, CM Gardner, AW Guo, ZY Houser, KJ Hughes, LA Kerley, MK Liu, ZW Olszewski, RE Pinn, I Shaw, GD Shinpock, SG Wymore, AM Rinchik, EM Johnson, DK TI Efficient gene-driven germ-line point mutagenesis of C57BL/6J mice SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ETHYL-N-NITROSOUREA; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; GRADIENT CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; STRUCTURE FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; GENOTYPE-BASED SCREEN; ENU MUTAGENESIS; CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS; MOUSE CHROMOSOME-7 AB Background: Analysis of an allelic series of point mutations in a gene, generated by N- ethyl- N- nitrosourea ( ENU) mutagenesis, is a valuable method for discovering the full scope of its biological function. Here we present an efficient gene- driven approach for identifying ENU- induced point mutations in any gene in C57BL/ 6J mice. The advantage of such an approach is that it allows one to select any gene of interest in the mouse genome and to go directly from DNA sequence to mutant mice. Results: We produced the Cryopreserved Mutant Mouse Bank ( CMMB), which is an archive of DNA, cDNA, tissues, and sperm from 4,000 G(1) male offspring of ENU- treated C57BL/ 6J males mated to untreated C57BL/ 6J females. Each mouse in the CMMB carries a large number of random heterozygous point mutations throughout the genome. High- throughput Temperature Gradient Capillary Electrophoresis ( TGCE) was employed to perform a 32- Mbp sequence- driven screen for mutations in 38 PCR amplicons from 11 genes in DNA and/ or cDNA from the CMMB mice. DNA sequence analysis of heteroduplex- forming amplicons identified by TGCE revealed 22 mutations in 10 genes for an overall mutation frequency of 1 in 1.45 Mbp. All 22 mutations are single base pair substitutions, and nine of them ( 41%) result in nonconservative amino acid substitutions. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( ICSI) of cryopreserved spermatozoa into B6D2F1 or C57BL/ 6J ova was used to recover mutant mice for nine of the mutations to date. Conclusions: The inbred C57BL/ 6J CMMB, together with TGCE mutation screening and ICSI for the recovery of mutant mice, represents a valuable gene- driven approach for the functional annotation of the mammalian genome and for the generation of mouse models of human genetic diseases. The ability of ENU to induce mutations that cause various types of changes in proteins will provide additional insights into the functions of mammalian proteins that may not be detectable by knockout mutations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. SpectruMedix, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. Taconic, Germantown, NY 12526 USA. RP Michaud, EJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM michaudejiii@ornl.gov; culiatct@ornl.gov; kleibgml@ornl.gov; barkerpe@ornl.gov; cainkt@ornl.gov; carpenterdj@ornl.gov; easterll@ornl.gov; cmc@ornl.gov; agardne1@utk.edu; zyguo@spectrumedix.com; houserkj@ornl.gov; hughesla@ornl.gov; kerleymk@ornl.gov; zliu@spectrumedix.com; olszewskire@ornl.gov; alamedin@yahoo.com; shawgd@ornl.gov; shinpocksg@ornl.gov; wymoream@ornl.gov; gene.rinchik@taconic.com; johnsondk@ornl.gov NR 45 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 164 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-6-164 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 005YF UT WOS:000234861600001 PM 16300676 ER PT J AU Martinez, JS Grace, WK Grace, KM Hartman, N Swanson, BI AF Martinez, JS Grace, WK Grace, KM Hartman, N Swanson, BI TI Pathogen detection using single mode planar optical waveguides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIVALENT INTERACTIONS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PROTEIN TOXINS; BIOSENSOR; PLAGUE; ASSAY; COMPONENT; BACTERIA AB We utilize an optical waveguide-based biosensor recently developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the sensitive and specific detection of protein markers. Our planar optical waveguides are based on single mode structures that provide high optical field intensity at the active surface while providing discrimination from sample background fluorescence through spatial filtering. We have incorporated sandwich immunoassays where the capture antibody is immobilized on a biocompatible film attached to the surface of an optical waveguide. The approach can be adapted to any marker protein and is faster (< 10 min), more sensitive, and as specific as conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA, the current lab standard). Results are presented for the detection of several analytes of Bacillus anthracis including protective antigen, a virulence marker for B. anthracis, and the bacterial cell or cellular debris. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. nGimat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Swanson, BI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MS J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM basil@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 15 IS 43 BP 4639 EP 4647 DI 10.1039/b502329g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 986EE UT WOS:000233432100017 ER PT J AU Petkov, V Gateshki, M Choi, J Gillan, EG Ren, Y AF Petkov, V Gateshki, M Choi, J Gillan, EG Ren, Y TI Structure of nanocrystalline GaN from X-ray diffraction, Rietveld and atomic pair distribution function analyses SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; NANOPARTICLES; REFINEMENT; PROGRAM; ROUTE AB The three-dimensional structure of nanocrystalline GaN has been studied by X-ray diffraction, Rietveld and atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analyses. The material is of very limited structural coherence, yet possess a well-defined atomic arrangement resembling the wurtzite structure. The study demonstrates the great power of X-ray diffraction and the PDF approach in determining the three-dimensional structure of nanocrystalline materials. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 15 IS 43 BP 4654 EP 4659 DI 10.1039/b509577h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 986EE UT WOS:000233432100019 ER PT J AU Hicks, RS Decowski, P Arroyo, C Breuer, M Celli, J Chudakov, E Kumar, KS Olson, M Peterson, GA Pope, K Ricci, J Savage, J Souder, PA AF Hicks, RS Decowski, P Arroyo, C Breuer, M Celli, J Chudakov, E Kumar, KS Olson, M Peterson, GA Pope, K Ricci, J Savage, J Souder, PA TI Flux profile scanners for scattered high-energy electrons SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE electron flux profile scanner; Cherenkov detector; air-core reflecting light guide AB The paper describes the design and performance of flux integrating Cherenkov scanners with air-core reflecting light guides used in a high-energy, high-flux electron scattering experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The scanners were highly radiation resistant and provided a good signal to background ratio leading to very good spatial resolution of the scattered electron flux profile scans. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Decowski, P (reprint author), Smith Coll, Dept Phys, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. EM pdecowski@smith.edu OI Kumar, Krishna/0000-0001-5318-4622 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 3 BP 470 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.07.019 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 987GX UT WOS:000233507500011 ER PT J AU Niedermayr, T Vetter, K Mihailescu, L Schmid, GJ Beckedahl, D Blair, J Kammeraad, J AF Niedermayr, T Vetter, K Mihailescu, L Schmid, GJ Beckedahl, D Blair, J Kammeraad, J TI Gamma-ray imaging with a coaxial HPGe detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray imaging; segmented HPGe detector; Compton camera ID GERMANIUM DETECTORS; COMPTON-SCATTERING; CAMERA; ALGORITHM; RECONSTRUCTION; LIKELIHOOD; TELESCOPE AB We report on the first experimental demonstration of Compton imaging of gamma-rays with a single coaxial high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. This imaging capability is realized by two-dimensional segmentation of the outside contact in combination with digital pulse-shape analysis, which enables to image gamma-rays in 4 pi without employing a collimator. We are able to demonstrate the ability to image the 662 keV gamma-ray from a Cs-137 source with preliminary event selection, with an angular resolution of 5 degrees and a relative efficiency of 0.3%. This efficiency expresses the fraction of gamma-rays that can be imaged, out of the total gamma-ray flux which is emitted into the solid angle of the detector. In addition to the 4 pi imaging capability, such a system is characterized by its excellent energy resolution and can be implemented in any size possible for Ge detectors to achieve high efficiency. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89231 USA. RP Vetter, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, T Seaborg Inst, L-231,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kvetter@llnl.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 3 BP 501 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.07.017 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 987GX UT WOS:000233507500014 ER PT J AU Descovich, M Nolan, PJ Boston, AJ Dobson, J Gros, S Cresswell, JR Simpson, J Lazarus, I Regan, PH Valiente-Dobon, JJ Sellin, P Pearson, CJ AF Descovich, M Nolan, PJ Boston, AJ Dobson, J Gros, S Cresswell, JR Simpson, J Lazarus, I Regan, PH Valiente-Dobon, JJ Sellin, P Pearson, CJ TI The position response of a large-volume segmented germanium detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE segmented germanium detectors; scanning apparatus; pulse shape analysis ID HPGE DETECTORS; DRIFT VELOCITY; ARRAYS; SHAPES AB The position response of a large-volume segmented coaxial germanium detector is reported. The detector has 24-fold segmentation on its outer contact. The output from each contact was sampled with fast digital signal processing electronics in order to determine the position of the gamma-ray interaction from the signal pulse shape. The interaction position was reconstructed in a polar coordinate system by combining the radial information, contained in the rise-time of the pulse leading edge, with the azimuthal information, obtained from the magnitude of the transient charge signals induced on the neighbouring segments. With this method, a position resolution of 3-7 mm is achieved in both the radial and the azimuthal directions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 LBNL, Nucl Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. CCLRC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. RP Descovich, M (reprint author), LBNL, Nucl Sci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 88R0192, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdescovich@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 3 BP 512 EP 521 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.06.052 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 987GX UT WOS:000233507500015 ER PT J AU Descovich, M Lee, IY Fallon, P Cromaz, M Macchiavelli, AO Radford, DC Vetter, K Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Stephens, FS Ward, D AF Descovich, M Lee, IY Fallon, P Cromaz, M Macchiavelli, AO Radford, DC Vetter, K Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Stephens, FS Ward, D TI In-beam measurement of the position resolution of a highly segmented coaxial germanium detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray tracking; position resolution; digital electronics ID PULSE SHAPES AB The position resolution of a highly segmented coaxial germanium detector was determined by analyzing the 2055 keV gamma-ray transition of Zr-90 excited in a fusion-evaporation reaction. The high velocity of the Zr-90 nuclei imparted large Doppler shifts. Digital analysis of the detector signals recovered the energy and position of individual gamma-ray interactions. The location of the first interaction in the crystal was used to correct the Doppler energy shift. Comparison of the measured energy resolution with simulations implied a position resolution (root mean square) of 2 mm in three-dimensions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Descovich, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Descovich@radonc17.ucsf.edu RI radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 11 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 3 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.07.016 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 987GX UT WOS:000233507500017 ER PT J AU Lieutenant, K Gutberlet, T Wiedenmann, A Mezei, F AF Lieutenant, K Gutberlet, T Wiedenmann, A Mezei, F TI Monte-Carlo simulations of small angle neutron scattering instruments at European spallation source SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE MC simulation; neutron sources; spallation source; SANS ID RESOLUTION; MIRROR AB Monte-Carlo simulations of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments have been performed using the VITESS software package in order to investigate the performance of such neutron spectrometers at high-power spallation sources as European spallation source (ESS). The performed simulations show that a low Q-range SANS instrument down to Q = 3 x 10(-4) angstrom(-1) can be suitably built using a 60 m free neutron flight path (30 m collimation length and 30 m sample to detector distance) and a wavelength range up to 20 angstrom. Free neutron flight paths of 30 and 4 m with wavelength ranges of 4.6-6.5 and of 4.6-10 angstrom cover accessible Q-ranges of 2 x 10(-3)-6 x 10(-2) and 2 x 10(-2)-0.45 angstrom(-1), respectively, with fair resolution and large overlap regions. The total length of the instrument would be 66 m from source to detector. Instruments with significantly larger neutron flight paths show no further gain in its performance. Highest count rates were received at the proposed long pulse target station of ESS with up to an order of magnitude intensity gain compared to the proposed short pulse target station of ESS or the ILL as neutron source in the three wavelength ranges anticipated. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lieutenant, K (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, F-38000 Grenoble, France. EM lieutena@ill.fr RI Gutberlet, Thomas/D-5613-2014 OI Gutberlet, Thomas/0000-0002-6194-2259 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 3 BP 592 EP 603 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.05.053 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 987GX UT WOS:000233507500023 ER PT J AU Dreiner, HK Murayama, H Thormeier, M AF Dreiner, HK Murayama, H Thormeier, M TI Anomalous flavor U(1)(X) for everything SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Review ID LEPTON NUMBER CONSERVATION; DISCRETE GAUGE SYMMETRIES; MASS MATRIX MODELS; STRING WORLD SHEET; ILIOPOULOS D-TERMS; NEUTRINO MASSES; DESTABILIZING DIVERGENCES; SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; CP VIOLATION; MU-PROBLEM AB We present an ambitious model of flavor, based on an anomalous U(1)(X) gauge symmetry with one flavon, only two right-handed neutrinos and only two mass scales: M-grav and m(3/2). In particular, there are no new scales introduced for right-handed neutrino masses. The X-charges of the matter fields are such that R-parity is conserved exactly, higher-dimensional operators are sufficiently suppressed to guarantee a proton lifetime in agreement with experiment, and the phenomenology is viable for quarks, charged leptons, as well as neutrinos. In our model one of the three light neutrinos automatically is massless. The price we have to pay for this very successful model are highly fractional X-charges which can likely be improved with less restrictive phenomenological ansatze for mass matrices. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Bonn, Phys Inst, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dreiner, HK (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Phys Inst, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM dreiner@th.physik.uni-bonn.de; murayama@hitoshi.berkeley.edu; thor@th.physik.uni-bonn.de RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 100 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 729 IS 1-2 BP 278 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.08.047 PG 39 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 982DU UT WOS:000233138900012 ER PT J AU Mowery, DM Assink, RA Celina, M AF Mowery, DM Assink, RA Celina, M TI Sensitivity of proton NMR relaxation times in a HTPB based polyurethane elastomer to thermo-oxidative aging SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polyurethane elastomer; NMR relaxation; thermo-oxidative aging ID POLYMER NETWORKS; DEGRADATION; RUBBER; MOUSE AB Solid-state H-1 NMR relaxometry studies were conducted on a hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based polyurethane elastomer thermo-oxidatively aged at 80 degrees C. The H-1 T-1, T-2, and T-1p relaxation times of samples thermally aged for various periods of time were determined as a function of NMR measurement temperature. The response of each measurement was calculated from a best-fit linear function of the relaxation time vs. aging time. It was found that the T-2,T-H and T-1p,(H) relaxation times exhibited the largest response to thermal degradation, whereas T-1,T-H showed minimal change. All of the NMR relaxation measurements on solid samples showed significantly less sensitivity to thermal aging than the T-2,T-H relaxation times of solvent-swollen samples. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Assink, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM raassin@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 24 BP 10919 EP 10924 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.093 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 982FZ UT WOS:000233144700037 ER PT J AU Hanson, DE Hawley, M Houlton, R Chitanvis, K Rae, P Orler, EB Wrobleski, DA AF Hanson, DE Hawley, M Houlton, R Chitanvis, K Rae, P Orler, EB Wrobleski, DA TI Stress softening experiments in silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane provide insight into a mechanism for the Mullins effect SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE polydimethylsiloxane; Mullins effect; stress softening ID PARTICLE-REINFORCED RUBBER; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; NATURAL-RUBBER; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PERMANENT SET; ELASTOMERS; BEHAVIOR; NETWORKS AB Under repeated tensile strain, many particle-filled polymers such as silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), exhibit a reduction in stress after the initial extension, the so-called Mullins effect, and the mechanism(s) responsible for this is considered to be a major unsolved mystery of polymer physics. We report here the first observation of the absence of this effect in cross linked, silica-filled PDMS when the second strain axis is perpendicular to the initial strain axis. This result poses a challenge for existing theories. We propose a mechanism to account for the Mullins effect that is consistent with our experimental observations. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanson, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM deh@lanl.gov; hawley@lanl.gov; houlton@lanl.gov; kiranc@lanl.gov; prae@lanl.gov; eborler@lanl.gov; wrobleski@lanl.gov NR 34 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 24 BP 10989 EP 10995 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.039 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 982FZ UT WOS:000233144700045 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Pint, BA Cooley, KM Haynes, JA AF Zhang, Y Pint, BA Cooley, KM Haynes, JA TI Effect of nitrogen on the formation and oxidation behavior of iron aluminide coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE iron aluminide coatings; ferritic steel; austenitic steel; nitrogen; ALN; oxidation ID FERRITIC STEELS; POWER-PLANTS; ENVIRONMENTS; PERFORMANCE; ALLOYS; GROWTH AB The present study focused on the effect of N in ferritic Fe-9Cr- 1Mo and austenitic 304 L alloy substrates on the formation and cyclic oxidation behavior of aluminide coatings fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Relatively high N contents in the commercial alloys caused the formation of AlN precipitates in the CVD aluminide coating, which adversely affected the adhesion of the as-deposited coatings, particularly on 304 L. The reduction of N content in the substrate alloys resulted in a cleaner coating layer with fewer precipitates and Kirkendall voids. However, the cyclic oxidation behavior of the aluminide coatings in air + 10 vol.% H2O at 700 degrees C was not noticeably changed by the N reduction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM yzhang@tntech.edu RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 200 IS 5-6 BP 1231 EP 1235 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.07.081 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 995JM UT WOS:000234096600004 ER PT J AU Zhong, D Moore, JJ Sutter, E Mishra, B AF Zhong, D Moore, JJ Sutter, E Mishra, B TI Microstructure, composition and oxidation resistance of nanostructured NiAl and Ni-Al-N coatings produced by magnetron sputtering SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE microstructure; composition; oxidation resistance; NiAl; Ni-Al-N; magnetron; sputtering; nanostructured ID TI-B-C; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM; XPS AB Nanostructured NiAl and Ni-Al-N thin films were RF magnetron sputtered from a NiAl compound target in different argon-nitrogen atmospheres. The structure and stoichiometry of as-deposited coatings were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was also conducted to study the oxidation kinetics of the films at high temperatures. Microstructural and compositional changes of the coatings after isothermal oxidation were investigated using XRD, SEM, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The results show that: (1) denser and more completely crystallized Ni-Al-N thin films can be tailored through controlled ion bombardment during deposition, (2) nano-composite NiAl-AIN thin films were synthesized with nitrogen atomic concentrations up to 30%, and (3) the NiAl and Ni-Al-N coatings exhibited good oxidation resistance even at temperatures above 1273 K. The addition of AlN to NiAl resulted in decreased activation energies for oxidation. The oxidation study also revealed different rate controlling mechanisms for NiAl and Ni-Al-N (21.4 at.% N) films isothermally oxidized in air at 1273 K. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Long Isl City, NY USA. RP Zhong, D (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Mail Code MT,1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dazhong@mines.edu NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 200 IS 5-6 BP 1236 EP 1241 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.07.084 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 995JM UT WOS:000234096600005 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Zhu, JH Hu, MZ Payzant, EA AF Pan, Y Zhu, JH Hu, MZ Payzant, EA TI Processing of YSZ thin films on dense and porous substrates SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE YSZ film; SOFC; sol-gel technique; spin coating; porous substrate ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA FILMS AB Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films with a Zr/Y molar ratio of 0.84:0.16 were synthesized on both dense Si substrates and porous NiYSZ anodes using the spin coating technique. Two polymeric precursors were used to process the YSZ films on the Si substrates. The first one utilized a commercial precursor, with butanol added as the diluting solvent. By controlling the content of butanol in the solution, dense and crack-free YSZ films with thickness of 500 mn were obtained after 8 coating runs with a final anneal of 700 degrees C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction was used to monitor the crystallization process in the films during annealing, which indicated that the YSZ films started to crystallize at 300-400 degrees C and became fully crystalline with a cubic structure at temperature >= 600 degrees C. In the second case, a new YSZ polymeric precursor was prepared and used for coating. It was found that the viscosity of the precursor solution is critical in controlling the film quality. Relatively thick, dense YSZ films were also synthesized on porous Ni-YSZ anode substrates using a combined colloidal-polymer method. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhu, JH (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Box 5014, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jzhu@tntech.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 200 IS 5-6 BP 1242 EP 1247 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.07.083 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 995JM UT WOS:000234096600006 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Pint, BA Haynes, JA Wright, IG AF Zhang, Y Pint, BA Haynes, JA Wright, IG TI A platinum-enriched gamma+gamma ' two-phase bond coat on Ni-based superalloys SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE gamma plus gamma ' two-phase coating; Pt-enriched coating; bond coat; Rene 142; oxidation ID THERMAL BARRIER SYSTEM; CYCLIC OXIDATION; GROWN OXIDE; INSTABILITY; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB A Pt-enriched gamma+gamma' two-phase coating was applied to directionally-solidified Ni-based superalloy Rene 142 substrates with three different Hf levels (0.02, 0.76, and 1.37 wt.%). The coating was prepared by electroplating a thin layer of Pt on the superalloy followed by a diffusion treatment. The as-deposited coating exhibited gamma + gamma' two-phase microstructure with a major composition of Ni-16Al-18Pt-7Cr-9Co (in at.%) along with some incorporation of refractory elements from the substrates. Cyclic oxidation testing at 1100 degrees C in air indicated improved oxidation resistance of the Rene 142 alloys with the Pt-enriched gamma+gamma(') coatings. In addition, the oxidation resistance of both uncoated and coated alloys was proportional to the Hf content in the substrate. Compared with the single-phase beta-(Ni,Pt)Al coating, slightly higher mass gains and localized spallation were observed on the gamma + gamma' two-phase coating, which might be due to the segregation of refractory elements and high sulfur levels in these superalloy substrates. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM yzhang@tntech.edu RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 18 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 200 IS 5-6 BP 1259 EP 1263 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.07.086 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 995JM UT WOS:000234096600009 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, LG Nastasi, M TI Sputter-deposited boron carbide films: Structural and mechanical characterization SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE boron carbide; sputtering; annealing; bonding; hardness ID SPECTROSCOPY; BOMBARDMENT; CARBON; ATOMS AB Amorphous boron carbide (B4C) films were deposited on (100) Si by dc-magnetron sputtering with an Ar working pressure of 5 mTorr at room temperature. The substrate bias (V-b) was varied between 0 and -200 V Chemical analysis of the films was carried out by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and revealed the samples to be stoichiometric with negligible oxygen contamination. Higher Vb values lead to higher defect concentrations, as shown by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) measurements, and higher amounts of trapped Ar atoms. Monte Carlo simulations of Ar bombardment of B4C suggest these defects to be ascribed as vacancies. While there is no correlation between the defect concentration and mechanical properties, a clear indication that trapped Ar deteriorates the hardness of the films was found. Moreover, hardness increase was obtained by the creation of new intericosahedral chains induced by post-deposition annealing as revealed by infrared and Raman measurements. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 200 IS 5-6 BP 1472 EP 1475 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.031 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 995JM UT WOS:000234096600047 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A AF Erdemir, A TI A crystal chemical approach to the formulation of self-lubricating nanocomposite coatings SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE lubricious oxides; nanocomposite films; crystal chemistry; dry machining ID POLYCRYSTALLINE RUTILE TI(N)O2N-1; ANION-DEFICIENT RUTILE; MSIP-PVD-PROCESS; TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; LUBRICIOUS OXIDES; PHASE GENERATION; TUNGSTEN-OXIDES; MAGNELI PHASES; PART I; FRICTION AB In recent years, design or formulation of superhard coatings with self-lubricating properties has become one of the hottest research topics in the field of tribological coatings. In particular, the production of new coating architectures based on nano-composite or -layered morphologies has become very popular, especially for dry machining or high-temperature sliding bearing applications. In such applications, these coatings can lead to the formation of self-lubricating tribofilms that reduce friction and wear. In this paper, a crystal chemical model is presented to account for the formation of such low-shear and hence low-friction tribofilms. In support of this model, recent experimental findings of various research groups are also provided. The major benefit of this model is that it may provide a scientific means to better design and formulate future tribological coatings that provide not only superior wear resistance but also sufficient lubricity during dry machining or sliding applications. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM erdemir@anl.gov NR 26 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 200 IS 5-6 BP 1792 EP 1796 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.054 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 995JM UT WOS:000234096600099 ER PT J AU Anders, A AF Anders, A TI Plasma and ion sources in large area coating: A review SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE large area processing; plasma and ion sources; plasma-assisted deposition; plasma and ion surface treatment ID PULSED MAGNETRON DISCHARGE; TRAVELING-WAVE-DRIVEN; THIN-FILM DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; DIELECTRIC-BARRIER; LOW-ENERGY; GLOW-DISCHARGES; INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION AB Efficient deposition of high-quality coatings often requires controlled application of excited or ionized particles. These particles are either condensing (film-forming) or assisting by providing energy and momentum to the film growth process, resulting in densification, sputtering/ etching, modification of stress, roughness, microstructure, texture, etc. In this review, the technical means are surveyed enabling large-area application of ions and plasmas, with ion energies ranging from a few electron volts to a few kiloelectron volts. Both semiconductor-type large area (single wafer or batch processing with similar to 1000 cm(2)) and in-line web and glass-coating-type large area (> 10(7) m(2) annually) are considered. Characteristics and differences between plasma and ion sources are explained. The latter include gridded and gridless sources. Many examples are given, including sources based on DC, RF, and microwave discharges, some with special geometries like hollow cathodes and E x B configurations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 53, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 130 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 8 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 21 PY 2005 VL 200 IS 5-6 BP 1893 EP 1906 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.08.018 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 995JM UT WOS:000234096600115 ER PT J AU Simpson, ML Cheng, MD Dam, TQ Lenox, KE Price, JR Storey, JM Wachter, EA Fisher, WG AF Simpson, ML Cheng, MD Dam, TQ Lenox, KE Price, JR Storey, JM Wachter, EA Fisher, WG TI Intensity-modulated, stepped frequency cw lidar for distributed aerosol and hard target measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A compact frequency-modulated, continuous wave (FM-cw) lidar system for measurement of distributed aerosol plumes and hard targets is presented. The system is based on intensity modulation of a laser diode and quadrature detection of the return signals. The advantages of using laser diode amplitude modulation and quadrature detection is a large reduction in the hardware required for processing and storing return signals as well as the availability of off-the-shelf integrated electronic components from the wireless and telecommunication communities. Equations to invert the quadrature signal components and determine spatial distributions of multiple targets are derived. Spatial scattering intensities are used to extract aerosol backscatter coefficients, which can then be directly compared to microphysics aerosol models for environmental measurements. Finally, results from laboratory measurements with a monostatic FM-cw lidar system with both hard targets and aerosols are discussed. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Galt Technol LLC, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. RP Simpson, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM simpsonml@ornl.gov RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 33 BP 7210 EP 7217 DI 10.1364/AO.44.007210 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 984ZD UT WOS:000233345000027 PM 16318194 ER PT J AU Trudolyubov, S Kotov, O Priedhorsky, W Cordova, F Mason, K AF Trudolyubov, S Kotov, O Priedhorsky, W Cordova, F Mason, K TI XMM-Newton observations of the M31 northern disk: Properties of selected X-ray sources and unresolved emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual ( M31); X-rays : galaxies; X-rays : stars ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT CANDIDATES; ROSAT PSPC SURVEY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; CENTRAL REGION; EXTERNAL GALAXIES; NOVA REMNANTS; SKY SURVEY; HOT GAS; CHANDRA; M-31 AB We present the results of an XMM-Newton survey of the northern part of M31 disk. The X-ray properties of the 37 brightest sources are studied in detail. Combining the results of X-ray analysis with available data at other wavelengths, we were able to identify 19 out of 37 sources. Two sources in our sample were previously unknown: the hard X-ray source XMMU J004415.8+413057 and a transient supersoft source XMMU J004414.1+412206. We report on the discovery of X-ray pulsations from the source XMMU J004415.8+413057 with a period of 197s. Three X-ray sources were identified with optical and radio SNR candidates. Five bright X-ray sources coincide with Galactic foreground stars. The properties of the remaining 18 bright X-ray sources detected in the survey are consistent with an AGN in the background of M31 and X-ray binaries belonging to M31. We report on the first unambiguous detection of the soft unresolved X-ray emission from the disk of M31. It follows the pattern of the spiral arms and can be traced up to the distance of similar to 10 kpc from the center of the galaxy. The spectrum of the unresolved emission shows dominant soft thermal component, which can be fit with a similar to 0.37 keV optically thin thermal plasma emission model or a combination of two thermal plasma models with temperatures of similar to 0.1 and similar to 0.7 keV. We suggest that significant part of the unresolved X-ray emission may represent hot diffuse gas and late-type stars in the disk of M31. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117810, Russia. Los Almos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. RP Trudolyubov, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 73 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 634 IS 1 BP 314 EP 331 DI 10.1086/496940 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 985AF UT WOS:000233347800027 ER PT J AU Wargelin, BJ Beiersdorfer, P Neill, PA Olson, RE Scofield, JH AF Wargelin, BJ Beiersdorfer, P Neill, PA Olson, RE Scofield, JH TI Charge-exchange spectra of hydrogenic and He-like iron SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; X-rays : diffuse background; X-rays : general ID X-RAY-EMISSION; BEAM ION-TRAP; GALACTIC RIDGE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; HELIUM-LIKE; COLLISIONS; ORIGIN; COMETS AB We present H-like Fe XXVI and He-like Fe XXV charge-exchange spectra resulting from collisions of highly charged iron with N-2 gas at an energy of similar to 10 eV amu(-1) in an electron beam ion trap. Although individual high-n emission lines are not resolved in our measurements, we observe that the most likely level for Fe+25 -> Fe+24 electron capture is n(max) similar to 9, in line with expectations, while the most likely value for Fe+26 -> Fe+25 charge exchange is significantly higher. In the Fe XXV spectrum, the K alpha emission feature dominates, whether produced via charge exchange or collisional excitation. The K alpha centroid is lower in energy for the former case than for the latter (6666 vs. 6685 eV, respectively), as expected because of the strong enhancement of emission from the forbidden and intercombination lines, relative to the resonance line, in charge-exchange spectra. In contrast, the Fe XXVI high-n Lyman lines have a summed intensity greater than that of Ly alpha and are substantially stronger than predicted from theoretical calculations of charge exchange with atomic H. We conclude that the angular momentum distribution resulting from electron capture using a multielectron target gas is significantly different from that obtained with H, resulting in the observed high-n enhancement. A discussion is presented of the relevance of our results to studies of diffuse Fe emission in the Galactic center and Galactic ridge, particularly with Astro-E2/Suzaku. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Wargelin, BJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bwargelin@cfa.harvard.edu RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 634 IS 1 BP 687 EP 697 DI 10.1086/496874 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 985AF UT WOS:000233347800059 ER PT J AU Foster, JM Wilde, BH Rosen, PA Williams, RJR Blue, BE Coker, RF Drake, RP Frank, A Keiter, PA Khokhlov, AM Knauer, JP Perry, TS AF Foster, JM Wilde, BH Rosen, PA Williams, RJR Blue, BE Coker, RF Drake, RP Frank, A Keiter, PA Khokhlov, AM Knauer, JP Perry, TS TI High-energy-density laboratory astrophysics studies of jets and bow shocks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; ISM : Herbig-Haro objects; ISM : jets and outflows; methods : laboratory; planetary nebulae : general ID INTENSE LASERS; SPACE; OUTFLOWS; NEBULAE; FLOWS AB We present the first results from high-energy-density laboratory astrophysics experiments that explore the interaction of supersonic jets/outflows with an ambient medium. Our experiments were conducted on the Omega laser facility, a large Inertial Confinement Fusion facility. In our experiments, a laser pulse drives a supersonic jet into foam. High-resolution X-ray radiography reveals the resulting highly structured bow shock. These are the first laboratory astrophysics experiments to capture the behavior of both the jet and the bow shock. We discuss the astrophysical relevance of the flow processes that we observe in the experiments and in the accompanying numerical models. Scaling arguments suggest that our experiments are most directly relevant to active galactic nucleus jets and planetary nebula outflows, while future work may allow our experiments to extend into regimes relevant to radiative outflows from young stellar objects. C1 AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Foster, JM (reprint author), AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM john.foster@awe.co.uk; bhw@lanl.gov; paula.rosen@awe.co.uk; robin.williams@awe.co.uk; blue3@llnl.gov; robc@lanl.gov; rpdrake@umich.edu; afrank@pas.rochester.edu; pkeiter@lanl.gov; ajk@oddjob.uchicago.edu; jkna@lle.rochester.edu; perry15@llnl.gov RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012; Williams, Robin/H-1637-2011; Keiter, Paul/J-3037-2013; Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844; Williams, Robin/0000-0002-0486-0580; Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 30 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 634 IS 1 BP L77 EP L80 DI 10.1086/498846 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 985AI UT WOS:000233348100020 ER PT J AU Desiati, P AF Desiati, P CA AMANDA Collaboration IceCube Collaboration TI Neutrino astronomy and cosmic rays at the South Pole: Latest results from AMANDA and perspectives for icecube SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Cosmic Ray Symposium CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2003 CL Florence, ITALY SP Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Univ Firenze, Dept Fis, Municipalita Firenze, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze DE neutrino astronomy; cosmic rays; mass composition ID DETECTORS AB The AMANDA neutrino telescope has been in operation at the South Pole since 1996. The present final array configuration, operational since 2000, consists of 677 photomultiplier tubes arranged in 19 strings, buried at depths between 1500 and 2000 m in the ice. The most recent results on a multiyear search for point sources of neutrinos will be shown. The study of events triggered in coincidence with the surface array SPASE and AMANDA provided a result on cosmic ray composition. Expected improvements from IceCube/IceTop will also be discussed. C1 Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Kalmar Univ, Dept Technol, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys & A3RI, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. Uppsala Univ, Div High Energy Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Vrije Univ Brussels, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Utrecht, Fac Phys & Astron, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. So Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. RP Desiati, P (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Hundertmark, Stephan/A-6592-2010 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 29 BP 6919 EP 6923 DI 10.1142/S0217751X0503048X PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 003SU UT WOS:000234702700092 ER PT J AU Waisman, H Fish, J Tuminaro, RS Shadid, JN AF Waisman, H Fish, J Tuminaro, RS Shadid, JN TI Acceleration of the generalized global basis (GGB) method for nonlinear problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE multilevel; multigrid; preconditioner; indefinite; nonsymmetric; GGB; GMRES ID BASIS 2-LEVEL METHOD; INDEFINITE SYSTEMS; NONSYMMETRIC PROBLEMS; SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; PRECONDITIONER; CONVERGENCE AB Two heuristic strategies intended to enhance the performance of the generalized global basis (GGB) method [H. Waisman, J. Fish, R.S. Tuminaro, J. Shadid, The Generalized Global Basis (GGB) method, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 61(8), 1243-1269] applied to nonlinear systems are presented. The standard GGB accelerates a multigrid scheme by an additional coarse grid correction that filters out slowly converging modes. This correction requires a potentially costly eigen calculation. This paper considers reusing previously computed eigen-space information. The GGB alpha scheme enriches the prolongation operator with new eigenvectors while the modified method (MGGB) selectively reuses the same prolongation. Both methods use the criteria of principal angles between subspaces spanned between the previous and current prolongation operators. Numerical examples clearly indicate significant time savings in particular for the MGGB scheme. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil Mech & Aerosp Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Waisman, H (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil Mech & Aerosp Engn, 44 Brinsmade Terrace, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM waismh@rpi.edu RI Waisman, Haim/G-3029-2010 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 210 IS 1 BP 274 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.04.016 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 955YG UT WOS:000231265500011 ER PT J AU Brunner, TA Holloway, JP AF Brunner, TA Holloway, JP TI Two-dimensional time dependent Riemann solvers for neutron transport SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Riemann solvers; time dependent transport; spherical harmonics; finite methods; radiative transfer ID RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUATIONS AB A two-dimensional Riemann solver is developed for the spherical harmonics approximation to the time dependent neutron transport equation. The eigenstructure of the resulting equations is explored, giving insight into both the spherical harmonics approximation and the Riemann solver. The classic Roe-type Riemann solver used here was developed for one-dimensional problems, but can be used in multidimensional problems by treating each face of a two-dimensional computation cell in a locally one-dimensional way. Several test problems are used to explore the capabilities of both the Riemann solver and the spherical harmonics approximation. The numerical solution for a simple line source problem is compared to the analytic solution to both the P, equation and the full transport solution. A lattice problem is used to test the method on a more challenging problem. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, HEDP Theory & ICF Target Design, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, HEDP Theory & ICF Target Design, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tabrunn@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 210 IS 1 BP 386 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.04.011 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 955YG UT WOS:000231265500016 ER PT J AU Narayan, RJ Berry, CJ Brigmon, RL AF Narayan, RJ Berry, CJ Brigmon, RL TI Structural and biological properties of carbon nanotube composite films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pulsed laser deposition; Kaufman ion source; antimicrobial materials ID BACTERIAL BIOFILM; LARGE ARRAYS; GROWTH; HEMODIALYSIS; BUNDLES; OXIDE AB Carbon nanotube composite films have been developed that exhibit unusual structural and biological properties. These novel materials have been created by pulsed laser ablation of graphite and bombardment of nitrogen ions at temperatures between 600 and 700 degrees C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and radial distribution function analysis demonstrate that this material consists of sp(2)-bonded concentric ribbons that are wrapped approximately 15 degrees normal to the silicon substrate. The interlayer order in this material extends to approximately 15-30 angstrom. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy data suggest that this material is predominantly trigonally coordinated. The carbon nanotube composite structure results from the use of energetic ions, which allow for non-equilibrium growth of graphitic planes. In vitro testing has revealed significant antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotube composite films against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus warneri colonization. Carbon nanotube composite films may be useful for inhibiting microorganism attachment and biofilm formation in hemodialysis catheters and other medical devices. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Biotechnol Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Narayan, RJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biomed Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM roger.narayan@mse.gatech.edu RI Narayan, Roger/J-2789-2013 OI Narayan, Roger/0000-0002-4876-9869 NR 30 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2005.07.007 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 972FR UT WOS:000232440100005 ER PT J AU Kolb, EW Matarrese, S Notari, A Riotto, A AF Kolb, EW Matarrese, S Notari, A Riotto, A TI Cosmological influence of super-hubble perturbations SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE inflation; cosmological perturbations ID EVOLUTION AB The existence of cosmological perturbations of wavelength larger than the Hubble radius is a generic prediction of the inflationary paradigm. We provide the derivation beyond perturbation theory of a conserved quantity which generalizes the linear comoving curvature perturbation. As a by-product, we show that super- Hubble-radius (super-Hubble:) perturbations have no physical influence on local observables (e.g. the local expansion rate) if cosmological perturbations are of the adiabatic type. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. RP Kolb, EW (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM rocky@fnal.gov; sabino.matarrese@pd.infn.it; notari@hep.physics.mcgill.ca; antonio.riotto@pd.infn.it RI Notari, Alessio/A-2309-2017 OI Notari, Alessio/0000-0002-8854-3987 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-7323 J9 MOD PHYS LETT A JI Mod. Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 35 BP 2705 EP 2710 DI 10.1142/S0217732305018682 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 982QT UT WOS:000233177400004 ER PT J AU Trevisanutto, PE Sushko, PV Shluger, AL Beck, KM Henyk, M Joly, AG Hess, WP AF Trevisanutto, PE Sushko, PV Shluger, AL Beck, KM Henyk, M Joly, AG Hess, WP TI A mechanism of photo-induced desorption of oxygen atoms from MgO nano-crystals SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Susono, JAPAN ID POSITIVE-ION EMISSION; ALKALINE-EARTH OXIDES; SURFACE-STATES; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; LASER-DESORPTION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; EXCITATION; SPECTRA; ANIONS; VACANCIES AB Using embedded cluster quantum mechanical calculations we developed a model of photo-induced processes and desorption of MgO surface corners. Our calculations suggest that hyper-thermal desorption of both oxygen and magnesium atoms may take place from corner sites at the MgO surface as a result of sequential absorption of two photons and formation of a bi-exciton. Preliminary desorption experiments utilizing MgO thin films irradiated by 4.66 eV nanosecond laser pulses support these conclusions. These films are known for their columnar structure with many low-coordinated surface sites. The photon energy was specifically chosen to match the excitation energy of surface corners, which is known from previous experimental studies and theoretical calculations. Our experiments for the first time demonstrated desorption of oxygen atoms with hyper-thermal velocities. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wilely Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shluger, AL (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM a.shluger@ucl.ac.uk RI Sushko, Peter/F-5171-2013 OI Sushko, Peter/0000-0001-7338-4146 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 593 IS 1-3 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.06.063 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 978GI UT WOS:000232861200029 ER PT J AU Henyk, M Beck, KM Engelhard, MH Joly, AG Hess, WP Dickinson, JT AF Henyk, M Beck, KM Engelhard, MH Joly, AG Hess, WP Dickinson, JT TI Surface electronic properties and site-specific laser desorption processes of highly structured nanoporous MgO thin films SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Desorption Induced by Elebtronic Transitions CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Susono, JAPAN DE desorption induced by photon stimulation; magnesium oxide; surface defects; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ID ATOMIC DESORPTION; IONIC SURFACES; EXCITATION; VACANCIES; DEFECTS; AG(100); ANIONS; WATER; XPS AB The surface electronic properties of metal oxides critically depend on low-coordinated sites, such as kinks, corners and steps. In order to characterize such surface sites, we prepare defect enriched surfaces by growing thin MgO films and measure X-ray photoelectron spectra of films and vacuum-cleaved MgO single crystals. In the case of thin films, we observe O 1s spectra with a significant shoulder feature at 2.3 eV higher binding energy (HBE) than the corresponding peak at 530.0 eV representing regular bulk lattice oxygen. We evaluate this feature in terms of non-stoichiometric oxygen and formation of an oxygen-rich layer at the topmost surface of the MgO columns. Under excitation with 266-nm-laser pulses, known to be resonant with low-coordinated surface anions, we observe preferential depletion of defective oxygen-states (HBE signal) and temporary restoration of ideal surface stoichiometry. The results from XPS studies are in line with 266 nm laser stimulated desorption experiments of Mg- and O-atoms. Both results indicate new surface specific excitation regimes, which might eventually allow site-specific manipulation of surface morphology. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wayne.hess@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 593 IS 1-3 BP 242 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.06.090 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 978GI UT WOS:000232861200033 ER PT J AU Nambu, A Kobayashi, E Mori, M Okudaira, KK Ueno, N Mase, K AF Nambu, A Kobayashi, E Mori, M Okudaira, KK Ueno, N Mase, K TI Isotope effects in H+(D+) desorption induced by 4a <- O1s resonant transition of condensed H2O(D2O) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Desorption Induced by Elebtronic Transitions CY NOV 08-11, 2004 CL Susono, JAPAN DE photon stimulated desorption (PSD); Auger electron spectroscopy (AES); synchrotron radiation; surface photochemistry; water ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ION DESORPTION; FAST DISSOCIATION; WATER; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; ELECTRONS; H2O; MOLECULES; PHOTOION AB Auger electron photoion coincidence (AEPICO) experiments have been performed for condensed water (H2O and D2O) at the 4a(1)<- O 1s is resonant transition. Several kinds of isotope effects were observed in H+ (D+) desorption, they were, (1) the differences in ion kinetic energy for the selected Auger-final-states, (2) the relative intensity differences in AEPICO spectra, (3) peak shifts in AEPICO and resonant Auger electron spectra and (4) the intensity difference in prominent peak in ion yield spectra. Those isotope effects can be explained by a four-step ion desorption mechanism involving O-H (O-D) bond extension within the lifetime of the O 1s core-hole. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Inoue Fdn Sci, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1500036, Japan. Chiba Univ, Fac Engn, Chiba 2638522, Japan. Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. RP Nambu, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM akira.nambu@bnl.gov RI Ueno, Nobuo/F-4358-2014 OI Ueno, Nobuo/0000-0003-2051-1492 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 20 PY 2005 VL 593 IS 1-3 BP 269 EP 275 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.06.071 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 978GI UT WOS:000232861200038 ER PT J AU Nazarenko, L Menon, S AF Nazarenko, L Menon, S TI Varying trends in surface energy fluxes and associated climate between 1960 and 2002 based on transient climate simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; SOLAR-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; CYCLE; CHINA; HAZE AB The observed reduction in land surface radiation over the last several decades ( 1960 - 1990), the so-called "dimming effect,'' and the more recent evidence of a reversal in "dimming'' over some locations beyond 1990 suggest several consequences on climate, notably on the hydrological cycle. Such a reduction in radiation should imply reduced surface temperature (T-s) and precipitation, which have not occurred. We have investigated the possible causes for the above climate features using a climate model coupled to a dynamic ocean model under natural and anthropogenic conditions. To isolate the aerosol influence on surface radiation trends, we have analyzed transient climate simulations from 1960 to 2002 with and without anthropogenic aerosols. Based on a linear trend with aerosol effects included, the global mean change in the surface solar radiation absorbed over land is - 0.021 +/- 0.0033 Wm(-2) yr(-1). Although the overall trend is negative, we do note a reversal in dimming after 1990, consistent with observations. Without aerosol effects, the surface solar radiation absorbed over land increases throughout 1960 to 2002, mainly due to the decrease in cloud cover associated with increased greenhouse warming. In spite of a simulated increase in T-s of 0.012 K yr(-1) for 1960 to 2002, the global mean latent heat flux and associated intensity of the hydrological cycle decrease overall, however with increases over some land locations due mainly to moisture advection. Simulated changes correspond more closely to observed changes when accounting for aerosol effects on climate. C1 Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM lnazarenko@giss.nasa.gov NR 31 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 19 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 22 AR L22704 DI 10.1029/2005GL024089 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988II UT WOS:000233586600005 ER PT J AU Ntarlagiannis, D Williams, KH Slater, L Hubbard, S AF Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios Williams, Kenneth Hurst Slater, Lee Hubbard, Susan TI Low-frequency electrical response to microbial induced sulfide precipitation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED-POLARIZATION; RESISTIVITY; MICROORGANISMS; SEDIMENTS; BIOFILMS; MODEL; ZNS AB [1] We investigated the sensitivity of low-frequency electrical measurements to microbe-induced metal sulfide precipitation. Three identical sand-packed monitoring columns were used; a geochemical column, an electrical column and a control column. In the first experiment, continuous upward flow of nutrients and metals in solution was established in each column. Cells of Desulfovibrio vulgaris ( D. vulgaris) were injected into the center of the geochemical and electrical columns. Geochemical sampling and post-experiment destructive analysis showed that microbial induced sulfate reduction led to metal precipitation on bacteria cells, forming motile biominerals. Precipitation initially occurred in the injection zone, followed by chemotactic migration of D. vulgaris and ultimate accumulation around the nutrient source at the column base. Results from this experiment conducted with metals show ( 1) polarization anomalies, up to 14 mrad, develop at the bacteria injection and final accumulation areas, ( 2) the onset of polarization increase occurs concurrently with the onset of lactate consumption, ( 3) polarization profiles are similar to calculated profiles of the rate of lactate consumption, and ( 4) temporal changes in polarization and conduction correlate with a geometrical rearrangement of metal-coated bacterial cells. In a second experiment, the same biogeochemical conditions were established except that no metals were added to the flow solution. Polarization anomalies were absent when the experiment was replicated without metals in solution. We therefore attribute the polarization increase observed in the first experiment to a metal-fluid interfacial mechanism that develops as metal sulfides precipitate onto microbial cells and form biominerals. Temporal changes in polarization and conductivity reflect changes in ( 1) the amount of metal-fluid interfacial area, and ( 2) the amount of electronic conduction resulting from microbial growth, chemotactic movement and final coagulation. This polarization is correlated with the rate of microbial activity inferred from the lactate concentration gradient, probably via a common total metal surface area effect. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ntarlagiannis, D (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ USA. EM dimntar@pegasus.rutgers.edu RI Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; NR 32 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 19 PY 2005 VL 110 IS G2 AR G02009 DI 10.1029/2005JG000024 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090WP UT WOS:000240984600001 ER PT J AU Huang, Z Roussel-Dupre, R AF Huang, Z Roussel-Dupre, R TI Total electron content (TEC) variability at Los Alamos, New Mexico: A comparative study: FORTE-derived TEC analysis SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SATELLITE; DISTURBANCES; IONOSPHERE; PARAMETERS AB Data collected from Fast On-Orbit Recording of Transient Events (FORTE) satellite received Los Alamos Portable Pulser (LAPP) signals during 1997-2002 are used to derive the total electron content (TEC) at Los Alamos, New Mexico. The LAPP-derived TECs at Los Alamos are analyzed for diurnal, seasonal, interannual, and 27-day solar cycle variations. Several aspects in deriving TEC are analyzed, including slant to vertical TEC conversion, quartic effects on transionosperic signals, and geomagnetic storm effects on the TEC variance superimposed on the averaged TEC values. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Environm & Climat Dynam Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huang, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Environm & Climat Dynam Grp, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zhen_huang@lanl.gov NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD NOV 19 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 AR RS6007 DI 10.1029/2004RS003202 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 988JD UT WOS:000233589500001 ER PT J AU Fu, G Qiu, SR Orme, CA Morse, DE De Yoreo, JJ AF Fu, G Qiu, SR Orme, CA Morse, DE De Yoreo, JJ TI Acceleration of calcite kinetics by abalone nacre proteins SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU AFM; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL MORPHOLOGY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; GROWTH; BIOMINERALIZATION; BINDING; CRYSTALLIZATION; MACROMOLECULES; SURFACE AB Abalone shell nacre proteins act as surfactants to promote ion attachment at calcite steps, causing acceleration of the molecular-scale kinetics of calcite crystal growth. The proteins modify the shape of growing calcite (see Figure) through step-specific interactions, even though the proteins are larger than the atomic-scale steps. Understanding of crystal-growth control by interactions with proteins may give better control of new crystalline materials. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Biomol Sci & Engn Grad Program, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Collaborat Biotechnol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Qiu, SR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM qiu2@llnl.gov RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 NR 30 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 22 BP 2678 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200500633 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 989CX UT WOS:000233651600004 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Hwang, GL Chiou, JW Pong, WT Lin, CL Tsai, CY Lin, HM Chang, YC Chang, CS Hsu, AH Huang, WL Guo, JH Chen, PH Luh, TY AF Chu, CC Hwang, GL Chiou, JW Pong, WT Lin, CL Tsai, CY Lin, HM Chang, YC Chang, CS Hsu, AH Huang, WL Guo, JH Chen, PH Luh, TY TI Polymerization of a confined pi-system: Chemical synthesis of tetrahedral amorphous carbon nanoballs from graphitic carbon nanocapsules SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; DIAMOND; AZIDES; FILMS; <60>FULLERENE; EDGE AB Aziridination of graphitic carbon nanocapsules (CNCs) followed by pyrolysis at 700 degrees C at ambient pressure yields tetrahedral amorphous carbon nanoballs (CNBs, see Figure). Because of the pyramidal character of some of the double bonds in the derivatized CNCs, a radical chain mechanism is proposed to rationalize the transformation of C sp(2) hybridization in the CNCs to C sp(3) hybridization in the CNBs. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Ind Technol Res Inst, Union Chem Labs, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Chem, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luh, TY (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM tyluh@ntu.edu.tw RI Chen, Ping-Hei/A-5298-2008; CHANG, Yuan-Chih/J-2609-2016; OI Chen, Ping-Hei/0000-0002-8073-9344; CHANG, Yuan-Chih/0000-0002-0289-3768; Luh, Tien-Yau/0000-0002-0415-6454 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 22 BP 2707 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200500757 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 989CX UT WOS:000233651600011 ER PT J AU Pashchenko, V Brendel, B Wolf, B Lang, M Lyssenko, K Shchegolikhina, O Molodtsova, Y Zherlitsyna, L Auner, N Schutz, F Kollar, M Kopietz, P Harrison, N AF Pashchenko, V Brendel, B Wolf, B Lang, M Lyssenko, K Shchegolikhina, O Molodtsova, Y Zherlitsyna, L Auner, N Schutz, F Kollar, M Kopietz, P Harrison, N TI Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a novel linear Cu-II-trimer complex SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE copper; cluster compounds; sandwich complexes; magnetic properties ID HEPTANUCLEAR COMPLEX; GROUND-STATE; COPPER; CLUSTER; LIGANDS; CAGE AB A new hexanuclear copper(II) sandwich complex based on two 10-membered macrocyclic phenylsiloxanolate ligands, {Cu-6[(C6H5SiO2)(5)](2)(OH)(2)(C10H8N2)(2)}(.)4(DMF)(.)3(H2O) (1), was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and measurements of the magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization. The cluster compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group Pi (No. 2), with a 14.925(3) angstrom, b = 16.745(2) angstrom, c = 23.053(3) angstrom, a = 83.079(9)degrees, beta = 84.836(13)degrees, gamma = 65.019(17)degrees, and Z = 2. The unit cell contains two identical molecules, each consisting of six interacting Cu2+ (S = 1/2) ions. Within the molecule, the Six Cu2+ ions are arranged in two almost linear, parallel trimers. While pairs of oxygen atoms link the Cu2+ ions within the trimers, single oxygen atoms residing at the ends of the trimers provide the strongest intertrimer bonds. Magnetic measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic intratrimer exchange interaction, J/k(B) = 85 K, as the dominant magnetic coupling of the complex. By introducing a weak antiferromagnetic intertrimer coupling, J/k(B) = 3.5 K, a satisfactory description of the magnetic behavior over a wide range of temperature and magnetic field is obtained. The departure of the model curves from the data at the lowest available temperature indicates the presence of additional, weak intra- and/or intermolecular interactions. (c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005. C1 Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Russian Acad Sci, AN Nesmeyanov Organoelement Cpds Inst, Moscow 117813, Russia. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Anorgan Chem, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Augsburg, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany. RP Pashchenko, V (reprint author), Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys, FOR 412, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM pashchenko@physik.uni-frankfurt.de; auner@chemie.uni-frankfurt.de RI Kollar, Marcus/F-6676-2010; Lyssenko, Konstantin/J-9721-2013; Fachbereich14, Dekanat/C-8553-2015 OI Lyssenko, Konstantin/0000-0002-3500-1287; NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 IS 22 BP 4617 EP 4625 DI 10.1002/ejic.200500538 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 987MY UT WOS:000233523200019 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI The adsorption mechanism of nortryptiline on C-18-bonded Discovery SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE adsorption equilibrium; frontal analysis; column heterogeneity; affinity energy distribution; retention mechanism; analytical and preparative chromatography; peak tailing; silica; Discovery-C-18; nortriptyline; acetonitrile; excess isotherm ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OVERLOADED BAND PROFILES; WATER MOBILE PHASES; IONIZABLE COMPOUNDS; IONIC-STRENGTH; ORGANIC-SOLVENT; BASIC COMPOUNDS; PH VALUES; RETENTION; HPLC AB ne adsorption isotherms of an ionizable compound, nortriptyline, were accurately measured by frontal analysis (FA) on a C-18-Discovery column, first without buffer (in an aqueous solution of acetonitrile at 15%, v/v of ACN), then with a buffer (in 28%, v/v ACN solution). The buffers were aqueous solutions containing 20 mM of formic acid or a phosphate buffer at pH 2.70. The linear range of the isotherm could not be reached with the non-buffered mobile phase using a dynamic range larger than 40 000 (from 1.2 x 10(-3) g/L to 50 g/L). With a 20 mM buffer in the liquid phase, the isotherm is linear for concentrations of nortriptyline inferior to 10(-3) g/L (or 3 mu mol/L). The adsorption energy distribution (AED) was calculated to determine the heterogeneity of the adsorption process. AED and FA were consistent and lead to a trimodal distribution. A tri-Moreau and a tri-Langmuir isotherm models accounted the best for the adsorption of nortriptyline without and with buffer, respectively. The nature of the buffer affects significantly the middle-energy sites while the properties of the lowest and highest of the three types of energy sites are almost unchanged. The desorption profiles of nortriptyline show some anomalies in relation with the formation of a complex multilayer adsorbed phase of acetonitrile whose excess isotherm was measured by the minor disturbance method. The C-18-Discovery column has about the same total saturation capacity, around 200 g of nortriptyline per liter of adsorbent (or 116 mg/g), with or without buffer. About 98-99% of the available surface consists in low energy sites. The coexistence of these different types of sites on the surface solves the McCalley's enigma, that the column efficiency begins to drop rapidly when the analyte concentration reaches values that are almost one hundred times lower than those that could be predicted from the isotherm data acquired under the same experimental conditions. Due to the presence of some relatively rare high energy sites, the largest part of the saturation capacity is not practically useful. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 1095 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.108 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 985XI UT WOS:000233411600004 PM 16275280 ER PT J AU Nocek, B Chang, C Li, H Lezondra, L Holzle, D Collart, F Joachimiak, A AF Nocek, B Chang, C Li, H Lezondra, L Holzle, D Collart, F Joachimiak, A TI Crystal structures of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from human pathogens Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pyogenes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE structural genomics; MAD phasing; SAD phasing; proline biosynthesis; P5C reductase ID ELECTRON-DENSITY MAPS; PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE REDUCTASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DELTA-1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE REDUCTASE; PROLINE BIOSYNTHESIS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; L-ORNITHINE; PURIFICATION; GENE; OSMOREGULATION AB L-Proline is an amino acid that plays an important role in proteins uniquely contributing to protein folding, structure, and stability, and this amino acid serves as a sequence-recognition motif. Proline biosynthesis can occur via two pathways, one from glutamate and the other from arginine. In both pathways, the last step of biosynthesis, the conversion of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to L-proline, is catalyzed by Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) using NAD(P)H as a cofactor. We have determined the first. crystal structure of P5CR from two human pathogens Neisseria meningitides and Streptococcus pyogenes, at 2.0 angstrom and 2.15 angstrom resolution, respectively. The catalytic unit of P5CR is a dimer composed of two domains, but the biological unit seems to be species-specific. The N-terminal domain of P5CR is an alpha/beta/alpha sandwich, a Rossmann fold. The C-terminal dimerization domain is rich in alpha-helices and shows domain swapping. Comparison of the native structure of P5CR to structures complexed with L-proline and NADP(+) in two quite different primary sequence backgrounds provides unique information about key functional features: the active site and the catalytic mechanism. The inhibitory L-proline has been observed in the crystal structure. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM andrzejj@anl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414, P50 GM062414, P50 GM062414-02] NR 63 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 354 IS 1 BP 91 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.08.036 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 984NE UT WOS:000233310800007 PM 16233902 ER PT J AU Christianson, AD Llobet, A Bao, W Gardner, JS Swainson, IP Lynn, JW Mignot, JM Prokes, K Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Lacerda, AH AF Christianson, AD Llobet, A Bao, W Gardner, JS Swainson, IP Lynn, JW Mignot, JM Prokes, K Pagliuso, PG Moreno, NO Sarrao, JL Thompson, JD Lacerda, AH TI Novel coexistence of superconductivity with two distinct magnetic orders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION SUPERCONDUCTOR; UPT3; UPD2AL3; FERROMAGNETISM; FLUCTUATIONS; SCATTERING; PRESSURE; CERHIN5; UNI2AL3; CEIRIN5 AB The heavy fermion CeRh1-xIrxIn5 system exhibits properties that range from an incommensurate antiferromagnet for small x to an exotic superconductor on the Ir-rich end of the phase diagram. At intermediate x where antiferromagnetism coexists with superconductivity, two types of magnetic order are observed: the incommensurate one of CeRhIn5 and a new, commensurate antiferromagnetism that orders separately. The coexistence of f-electron superconductivity with two distinct f-electron magnetic orders is unique among unconventional superconductors, adding a new variety to the usual coexistence found in magnetic superconductors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, NPMR, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, BENSC, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wbao@lanl.gov RI christianson, andrew/A-3277-2016; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Pagliuso, Pascoal/C-9169-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Mignot, Jean-Michel/A-8305-2008 OI christianson, andrew/0000-0003-3369-5884; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X; Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Mignot, Jean-Michel/0000-0001-8503-6712 NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 217002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.217002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100053 PM 16384171 ER PT J AU Dewald, EL Suter, LJ Landen, OL Holder, JP Schein, J Lee, FD Campbell, KM Weber, FA Pellinen, DG Schneider, MB Celeste, JR McDonald, JW Foster, JM Niemann, C Mackinnon, AJ Glenzer, SH Young, BK Haynam, CA Shaw, MJ Turner, RE Froula, D Kauffman, RL Thomas, BR Atherton, LJ Bonanno, RE Dixit, SN Eder, DC Holtmeier, G Kalantar, DH Koniges, AE MacGowan, BJ Manes, KR Munro, DH Murray, JR Parham, TG Piston, K Van Wonterghem, BM Wallace, RJ Wegner, PJ Whitman, PK Hammel, BA Moses, EI AF Dewald, EL Suter, LJ Landen, OL Holder, JP Schein, J Lee, FD Campbell, KM Weber, FA Pellinen, DG Schneider, MB Celeste, JR McDonald, JW Foster, JM Niemann, C Mackinnon, AJ Glenzer, SH Young, BK Haynam, CA Shaw, MJ Turner, RE Froula, D Kauffman, RL Thomas, BR Atherton, LJ Bonanno, RE Dixit, SN Eder, DC Holtmeier, G Kalantar, DH Koniges, AE MacGowan, BJ Manes, KR Munro, DH Murray, JR Parham, TG Piston, K Van Wonterghem, BM Wallace, RJ Wegner, PJ Whitman, PK Hammel, BA Moses, EI TI Radiation-driven hydrodynamics of high-Z hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LASER-HEATED HOHLRAUMS; PHYSICS BASIS; WAVES; PLASMAS; SYSTEM AB The first hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) using the initial four laser beams tested radiation temperature limits imposed by plasma filling. For a variety of hohlraum sizes and pulse lengths, the measured x-ray flux shows signatures of filling that coincide with hard x-ray emission from plasma streaming out of the hohlraum. These observations agree with hydrodynamic simulations and with an analytical model that includes hydrodynamic and coronal radiative losses. The modeling predicts radiation temperature limits with full NIF (1.8 MJ), greater, and of longer duration than required for ignition hohlraums. C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Bechtel NV, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Dewald, EL (reprint author), LLNL, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014 OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 215004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.215004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100032 PM 16384150 ER PT J AU Efimov, A Yulin, AV Skryabin, DV Knight, JC Joly, N Omenetto, FG Taylor, AJ Russell, P AF Efimov, A Yulin, AV Skryabin, DV Knight, JC Joly, N Omenetto, FG Taylor, AJ Russell, P TI Interaction of an optical soliton with a dispersive wave SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS; HIGHER-ORDER DISPERSION; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; GENERATION; RADIATION; PULSE AB Scattering of a dispersive wave by optical solitons is studied experimentally in photonic crystal fibers in cases when the soliton and the dispersive wave have either identical or orthogonal polarization states. Observations of new resonant frequencies are reported. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations and predictions from the recently derived wave vector matching conditions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Bath, Dept Phys, Ctr Photon & Photon Mat, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Phys, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Knight, Jonathan/D-3879-2011; Russell, Philip/G-5132-2012; Yulin, Alexey/M-9613-2013; Joly, Nicolas/D-3715-2011; Yulin, Alexey/B-6139-2015 OI Knight, Jonathan/0000-0002-0802-8804; Russell, Philip/0000-0002-8972-2477; Yulin, Alexey/0000-0002-0739-0764; Yulin, Alexey/0000-0002-2403-6564 NR 21 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 213902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.213902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100023 PM 16384141 ER PT J AU Gang, O Alvine, KJ Fukuto, M Pershan, PS Black, CT Ocko, BM AF Gang, O Alvine, KJ Fukuto, M Pershan, PS Black, CT Ocko, BM TI Liquids on topologically nanopatterned surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROUGH-SURFACE; ADSORPTION; TRANSITIONS; FABRICATION; FILMS AB We report here surface x-ray scattering studies of the adsorption of simple hydrocarbon liquid films on nanostructured surfaces-silicon patterned by an array of nanocavities. Two different regimes, filling and growing, are observed for the wetting film evolution as a function of the chemical potential offset Delta mu from the bulk liquid-vapor coexistence. The strong influence of geometrical effects is manifested by a Delta mu dependence of liquid adsorption Gamma in the nanocavities that is stronger than the van der Waals behavior Gamma similar to Delta mu(-1/3) for flat surfaces. The observed Delta mu dependence is, however, much weaker than predicted for the infinitely deep parabolic cavities, suggesting that the finite-size effects contribute significantly to the observed adsorption behavior. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Harvard Univ, DEAS, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Gang, O (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ogang@bnl.gov; pershan@deas.harvard.edu; ocko@bnl.gov NR 31 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 217801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.217801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100066 PM 16384184 ER PT J AU Haskel, D Lang, JC Islam, Z Cady, A Srajer, G van Veenendaal, M Canfield, PC AF Haskel, D Lang, JC Islam, Z Cady, A Srajer, G van Veenendaal, M Canfield, PC TI Atomic origin of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Nd2Fe14B SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; RESONANT EXCHANGE SCATTERING; POLARIZED X-RAYS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; R2FE14B COMPOUNDS; DIFFRACTION; DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB The magnetic moment reversal at each of the two inequivalent Nd sites in a single crystal of ferromagnetic Nd2Fe14B is probed by dichroic resonant diffraction of circularly polarized x rays. The results, supported by theory, show that the c-axis intrinsic magnetic stability of this superior permanent magnetic material arises predominately at one of the Nd sites (g). The other site (f) undermines magnetic stability by favoring a magnetic moment orientation in the basal plane. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Haskel, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 217207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.217207 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100062 PM 16384180 ER PT J AU Kaspar, TC Heald, SM Wang, CM Bryan, JD Droubay, T Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Kellock, AJ Gamelin, DR Chambers, SA AF Kaspar, TC Heald, SM Wang, CM Bryan, JD Droubay, T Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S McCready, DE Kellock, AJ Gamelin, DR Chambers, SA TI Negligible magnetism in excellent structural quality CrxTi1-xO2 anatase: Contrast with high-T-C ferromagnetism in structurally defective CrxTi1-xO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; FILMS; TIO2 AB We reexamine the mechanism of ferromagnetism in doped TiO2 anatase, using epitaxial CrTiO2 with excellent structural quality as a model system. In contrast to highly oriented but defective CrTiO2 (similar to 0.5 mu(B)/Cr), these structurally superior single crystal films exhibit negligible ferromagnetism. Similar results were obtained for CoTiO2. We show for the first time that charge-compensating oxygen vacancies alone, as predicted by F-center mediated exchange, are not sufficient to activate ferromagnetism. Instead, the onset of ferromagnetism correlates with the presence of structural defects. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Kaspar, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sa.chambers@pnl.gov RI Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 19 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 217203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.217203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100058 PM 16384176 ER PT J AU Lu, L Chabot-Couture, G Zhao, X Hancock, JN Kaneko, N Vajk, OP Yu, G Grenier, S Kim, YJ Casa, D Gog, T Greven, M AF Lu, L Chabot-Couture, G Zhao, X Hancock, JN Kaneko, N Vajk, OP Yu, G Grenier, S Kim, YJ Casa, D Gog, T Greven, M TI Charge-transfer excitations in the model superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CUO2 PLANE; SR2CUO2CL2; PHOTOEMISSION; ND2CUO4; SOLIDS AB We report a Cu K-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of charge-transfer excitations in the 2-8 eV range in the structurally simple compound HgBa2CuO4+delta at optimal doping (T-c=96.5 K). The spectra exhibit a significant dependence on the incident photon energy which we carefully utilize to resolve a multiplet of weakly dispersive (< 0.5 eV) electron-hole excitations, including a mode at 2 eV. The observation of this 2 eV excitation suggests the existence of a remnant charge-transfer gap deep in the superconducting phase. Quite generally, our results, which include additional data for the Mott insulator La2CuO4, demonstrate the importance of exploring the incident photon-energy dependence of the RIXS cross section. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Jilin Univ, Dept Phys, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, CMC, CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lu, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Hancock, Jason/F-4694-2010; Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011; Yu, Guichuan/K-4025-2014; Grenier, Stephane/N-1986-2014; Casa, Diego/F-9060-2016 OI Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895; Grenier, Stephane/0000-0001-8370-7375; NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 217003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.217003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100054 PM 16384172 ER PT J AU Son, YW Ihm, J Cohen, ML Louie, SG Choi, HJ AF Son, YW Ihm, J Cohen, ML Louie, SG Choi, HJ TI Electrical switching in metallic carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BAND-STRUCTURE MODULATION; CONDUCTANCE; DEFECTS; FIELD; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; TRANSPORT; STATES; MODEL AB We present first-principles calculations of quantum transport which show that the resistance of metallic carbon nanotubes can be changed dramatically with homogeneous transverse electric fields if the nanotubes have impurities or defects. The change of the resistance is predicted to range over more than 2 orders of magnitude with experimentally attainable electric fields. This novel property has its origin that backscattering of conduction electrons by impurities or defects in the nanotubes is strongly dependent on the strength and/or direction of the applied electric fields. We expect this property to open a path to new device applications of metallic carbon nanotubes. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Korea Inst Adv Study, Sch Computat Sci, Seoul 130722, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul, South Korea. RP Son, YW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM h.j.choi@yonsei.ac.kr RI son, Young-Woo/B-2566-2010; Choi, Hyoung Joon/N-8933-2015 OI Choi, Hyoung Joon/0000-0001-8565-8597 NR 31 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 21 AR 216602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.216602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985FK UT WOS:000233362100048 PM 16384166 ER PT J AU Mossman, KD Campi, G Groves, JT Dustin, ML AF Mossman, KD Campi, G Groves, JT Dustin, ML TI Altered TCR signaling from geometrically repatterned immunological synapses SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID T-CELL-ACTIVATION; LIPID RAFTS; CYTOSKELETON; TRANSDUCTION; RECOGNITION; MEMBRANES; MOLECULES; BILAYERS; ACTIN AB The immunological synapse is a specialized cell-cell junction that is defined by large-scale spatial patterns of receptors and signaling molecules yet remains largely enigmatic in terms of formation and function. We used supported bilayer membranes and nanometer-scale structures fabricated onto the underlying substrate to impose geometric constraints on immunological synapse formation. Analysis of the resulting alternatively patterned synapses revealed a causal relation between the radial position of T cell receptors (TCRs) and signaling activity, with prolonged signaling from TCR microclusters that had been mechanically trapped in the peripheral regions of the synapse. These results are consistent with a model of the synapse in which spatial translocation of TCRs represents a direct mechanism of signal regulation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Skirball Inst Biomol Med, Program Mol Pathogenesis, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Dustin, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JTGroves@lbl.gov; Dustin@saturn.med.nyu.edu OI Dustin, Michael/0000-0003-4983-6389 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM64900] NR 22 TC 307 Z9 316 U1 7 U2 32 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 18 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5751 BP 1191 EP 1193 DI 10.1126/science.1119238 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 986GE UT WOS:000233437300047 PM 16293763 ER PT J AU VanBrocklin, HF Lim, JK Coffing, SL Hom, DL Negash, K Ono, MY Gilmore, JL Bryant, I Riese, DJ AF VanBrocklin, HF Lim, JK Coffing, SL Hom, DL Negash, K Ono, MY Gilmore, JL Bryant, I Riese, DJ TI Anilinodialkoxyquinazolines: Screening epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for potential tumor imaging probes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; EGF; PROTEIN; FAMILY; CARCINOMA; CELLS; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; ANTIBODY; THERAPY; BIODISTRIBUTION AB The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a long-standing drug development target, is also a desirable target for imaging. Sixteen dialkoxyquinazoline analogues, suitable for labeling with positron-emitting isotopes, have been synthesized and evaluated in a battery of in vitro assays to ascertain their chemical and biological properties. These characteristics provided the basis for the adoption of a selection schema to identify lead molecules for labeling and in vivo evaluation. A new EGER tyrosine kinase radiometric binding assay revealed that all of the compounds possessed suitable affinity (IC50 = 0.4-51 nM) for the EGFR tyrosine kinase. All of the analogues inhibited ligand-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation (IC50 = 0.8-20 nM). The HPLC-estimated octanol/water partition coefficients ranged from 2 to 5.5. Four compounds, 4-(2'-fluoroanilino)- and 4-(3'-fluoroanilino)-6,7-diethoxyquinazoline as well as 4-(3'chloroanilino)- and 4-(3'-bromoanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, possess the best combination of characteristics that warrant radioisotope labeling and further evaluation in tumor-bearing mice. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Med Chem & Mol Pharmacol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP VanBrocklin, HF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hfvanbrocklin@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R21CA80770, R01CA094253, R21CA79823, T32CA66527] NR 59 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 23 BP 7445 EP 7456 DI 10.1021/jo050607w PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 985ST UT WOS:000233399500041 PM 16279804 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Jellinek, J AF Wang, JL Jellinek, J TI Infrared spectra of V(n)Bz(n+1) sandwich clusters: A theoretical study of size evolution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID GAS-PHASE; COMPLEXES; BENZENE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Results of density functional theory computations of infrared (IR) spectra of linear sandwich V(n)Bz(n+1), n = 1 -6, complexes are presented. It is shown that the systematic changes in the spectra as a function of the complex size can be categorized and understood in terms of responses of the "parent" modes of the Bz molecule and the VBz complex. The analysis presented should be applicable to a broad class of linear sandwich systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jellinek, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jellinek@anl.gov RI Wang, Jinlan/B-3507-2012; Wang, Jinlan/B-3503-2012 OI Wang, Jinlan/0000-0002-4529-874X NR 13 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 45 BP 10180 EP 10182 DI 10.1021/jp055532m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 984CO UT WOS:000233280300002 PM 16833309 ER PT J AU Faulhaber, AE Szpunar, DE Kautzman, KE Neumark, DM AF Faulhaber, AE Szpunar, DE Kautzman, KE Neumark, DM TI Photodissociation dynamics of the ethoxy radical investigated by photofragment coincidence imaging SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID C-2-C-5 ALKOXY RADICALS; AB-INITIO; FAST BEAM; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; ENERGY RELAXATION; DECOMPOSITION; C2H5O; DISSOCIATION; ABSTRACTION AB The photodissociation dynamics of the ethoxy radical (CH3CH2O) have been studied at energies from 5.17 to 5.96 eV using photofragment coincidence imaging. The upper state of the electronic transition excited at these energies is assigned to the C-2 A"state on the basis of electronic structure calculations. Fragment mass distributions show two photodissociation channels, OH + C2H4 and CH3 + CH2O. The presence of an additional photodissociation channel, identified as D + C2D4O, is revealed in time-of-flight distributions from the, ratios and fragment translational energy distributions photodissociation of CD3CD2O. The product branching for all of the observed mass channels are nonstatistical. Moreover, the significant yield of OH + C2H4 product suggests that the mechanism for this channel involves isomerization on the excited-state surface. Photodissociation at a much lower yield is seen following excitation at 3.91 eV, corresponding to a vibronic band of the B-2 A' <- X-2 A" transition. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 45 BP 10239 EP 10248 DI 10.1021/jp053212x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 984CO UT WOS:000233280300010 PM 16833317 ER PT J AU Edwards, DC Myneni, SCB AF Edwards, DC Myneni, SCB TI Hard and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopic investigation of aqueous Fe(III)-hydroxamate siderophore complexes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; DESFERRIOXAMINE-B; ACID; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; IRON(III); BINDING AB Microorganisms release organic macromolecules, such as siderophores, to obtain Fe(III) from natural systems. While the relative stabilities of Fe(III)-siderophore complexes are well-studied, the structural environments of Fe(III) and ligands in the complex are not well-understood. Using the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Fe- and N-K absorption edges, we characterized the nature of Fe(III) interactions with a hydroxamate siderophore, desferrioxamine B (desB), and its small structural analogue, acetohydroxamic acid (aHa), as a function of pH (1.4-11.4). These experimental studies are complemented with DFT calculations. The Fe-XAS studies suggest that Fe(aHa)3 is the dominant species in aqueous solutions in the pH range of 2.8-10.1, consistent with thermochemical information. However, the N-XAS and resonance Raman studies show that the chemical state of the ligand in the Fe(aHa)(3) complex changes significantly with pH, and these variations are correlated with further deprotonation of the Fe(aHa)(3) complex. The N-XAS studies also indicate that the overlap of Fe 3d orbitals with the molecular orbitals of the hydroxamate group is significant. The Fe- and N-XAS studies of Fe(III)-desB complexes indicated that Fe(desB)(+) is the dominant species between pH values of 1.4 and 11.4, consistent with predicted stability constants. This information is useful in understanding the role of iron in bacterial transport, siderosis treatment, and actinide sequestration at contaminated sites. This-is the first N-XAS study of aqueous metal ligand complexes, which demonstrates the applications of soft-XAS in studying the electronic structure of metal complexes of organic macromolecules in aqueous solutions. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Frick Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Edwards, DC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Frick Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dedwards@wesleyancollege.edu NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 45 BP 10249 EP 10256 DI 10.1021/jp053349n PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 984CO UT WOS:000233280300011 PM 16833318 ER PT J AU Patrinos, A Bamzai, A AF Patrinos, A Bamzai, A TI Policy needs robust climate science SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Patrinos, A (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 7066 BP 285 EP 285 DI 10.1038/438285a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984JR UT WOS:000233300200022 PM 16292286 ER PT J AU Krumholz, MR McKee, CF Klein, RI AF Krumholz, MR McKee, CF Klein, RI TI The formation of stars by gravitational collapse rather than competitive accretion SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; GAUSSIAN CLOUD CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STELLAR CLUSTERS; BROWN DWARFS; FRAGMENTATION; TURBULENCE; CORES AB There are two dominant models of how stars form. Under gravitational collapse, star-forming molecular clumps, of typically hundreds to thousands of solar masses (M.), fragment into gaseous cores that subsequently collapse to make individual stars or small multiple systems(1-3). In contrast, competitive accretion theory suggests that at birth all stars are much smaller than the typical stellar mass (similar to 0.5M.), and that final stellar masses are determined by the subsequent accretion of unbound gas from the clump(4-8). Competitive accretion models interpret brown dwarfs and free-floating planets as protostars ejected from star-forming clumps before they have accreted much mass; key predictions of this model are that such objects should lack disks, have high velocity dispersions, form more frequently in denser clumps(9-11), and that the mean stellar mass should vary within the Galaxy(8). Here we derive the rate of competitive accretion as a function of the star-forming environment, based partly on simulation(12), and determine in what types of environments competitive accretion can occur. We show that no observed star-forming region can undergo significant competitive accretion, and that the simulations that show competitive accretion do so because the assumed properties differ from those determined by observation. Our result shows that stars form by gravitational collapse, and explains why observations have failed to confirm predictions of the competitive accretion model. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krumholz, MR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM krumholz@astro.princeton.edu OI Krumholz, Mark/0000-0003-3893-854X NR 30 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 7066 BP 332 EP 334 DI 10.1038/nature04280 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984JR UT WOS:000233300200042 PM 16292305 ER PT J AU Liang, ZT Wang, XN AF Liang, ZT Wang, XN TI Spin alignment of vector mesons in non-central A+A collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-CURRENT INTERACTIONS; HADRONIC Z(0) DECAYS; K-P-INTERACTIONS; GEV-C; ANTINEUTRINO; NEUTRINO; HYPERON; RHO(0); GEV/C AB We discuss the consequence of global polarization of the produced quarks in non-central heavy-ion collisions on the spin alignment of vector mesons. We show that the alignment is quite different for different hadronization scenarios. These results can be tested directly by measuring the vector mesons' alignment through angular distributions of the decay products with respect to the reaction plane. Such angular distributions will give rise to azimuthal anisotropy v(2) of the decay products in the collision frame. Constraints provided by the data on the azimuthal anisotropy of hadron spectra at RHIC points to a quark recombination scenario of hadronization. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liang, ZT (reprint author), Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. EM xnwang@lbl.gov OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 629 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.060 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 979PT UT WOS:000232958000003 ER PT J AU Miyajima, K Knickelbein, MB Nakajima, A AF Miyajima, K Knickelbein, MB Nakajima, A TI Magnetic properties of lanthanide organometallic sandwich complexes produced in a molecular beam SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Molecule-Based Magnets (ICMM 2004) CY OCT 04-08, 2004 CL Int Conf Hall, Tsukuba, JAPAN HO Int Conf Hall DE organometallic sandwich complexes; lanthanides; magnetic properties; Stern-Gerlach experiments; spin relaxation ID STERN-GERLACH EXPERIMENTS; SPIN RELAXATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; IONIZATION ENERGIES; NICKEL CLUSTERS; METAL-CLUSTERS; FREE-IRON; CYCLOOCTATETRAENE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB The magnetic properties of gas-phase terbium-cyclooctatetraene multi-decker sandwich complexes, Tb-n(C8H8)(n+1) were measured using a Stern-Gerlach type magnetic deflection approach. Beams of Tb-n(C8H8)(n+1) complexes displayed one-sided deflection toward high field-indicating that fast spin relaxation Occurs within the complexes as they pass through the magnetic field. The magnetic moment for Tb-n(C8H8)(n+1) (n = 1-5) was evaluated using the Langevin model. Evolution of magnetic moment with the complex size is discussed with electronic structures for oxidation states of Tb3+/2+ ions, implying the possibility of antiferromagnetic interaction of two adjacent Tb2+ ions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Keio Univ, Dept Chem, JST, CREST, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RP Nakajima, A (reprint author), Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Kohoku Ku, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. EM nakajima@chem.keio.ac.jp RI Miyajima, Ken/C-8422-2013 OI Miyajima, Ken/0000-0002-5385-8911 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 16-17 SI SI BP 2341 EP 2345 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2005.03.175 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 990SE UT WOS:000233762700045 ER PT J AU Furukawa, Y Fujiyoshi, Y Kumagai, K Kogerler, P AF Furukawa, Y Fujiyoshi, Y Kumagai, K Kogerler, P TI Spin dynamics and level crossing in nanoscale molecular magnet V15 cluster studied by H-1-NMR SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Molecule-Based Magnets (ICMM 2004) CY OCT 04-08, 2004 CL Int Conf Hall, Tsukuba, JAPAN HO Int Conf Hall DE nanoscale molecular magnet; nuclear magnetic resonance ID PROTON NMR; GROUND-STATE; V-15; MAGNETIZATION; RELAXATION; TRANSITIONS AB We have carried out nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on protons in the magnetic field range H = 0.23-8.2 T below 4.2 K in order to investigate the spin dynamics in the molecular magnet K-6[V15As6O42(H2O)]8H(2)O(in short, V15). The temperature (T) and magnetic field (H) dependences of H-1-NMR spectrum, nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T-1) and spin-spin relaxation rates (1/T-2) provide evidence for a gradual slowing Of fluctuations of the V4+ spins with increasing the magnetic field. The T and H dependence of 1/T-1 is well explained by the model ill terms of spin phonon interaction in the magnetic field region where the ground state of the cluster is S = 3/2. Oil the other hand, the T-1 data can not be reproduced by the model in the low magnetic field region where the ground state is formed by two S = 1/2 doubly degenerate states, suggesting the existence of the another contribution to 1/T-1 due to peculiarities of the S = 1/2 triangle configuration in V15. An enhancement of 1/T-1 was observed at a critical field H-c similar to 2.7 T where the ground state changes from S = 1/2 to 3/2. The T-dependence of 1/T-1 at the level crossing field suggests the existence of an energy gap between the levels (level anti-crossing) in the V15 cluster. The fluctuating frequency of the V4+ spins is found to be very slow, i.e., less than the NMR frequency at the level crossing. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Div Phys, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Div Phys, Kita Ku, Kita 10,Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. EM furu@phys.sci.hokudai.ac.jp RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD NOV 17 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 16-17 SI SI BP 2737 EP 2744 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2005.03.133 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 990SE UT WOS:000233762700114 ER PT J AU Pagel, JM Appelbaum, FR Sandmaier, BM Rajendran, JG Gooley, T Fisher, DR Nemecek, E Gopal, AK Maris, MB Ruffner, K Matthews, DC Deeg, HJ Maloney, DG Martin, PJ Storb, R AF Pagel, JM Appelbaum, FR Sandmaier, BM Rajendran, JG Gooley, T Fisher, DR Nemecek, E Gopal, AK Maris, MB Ruffner, K Matthews, DC Deeg, HJ Maloney, DG Martin, PJ Storb, R TI I-131-anti-CD45 antibody plus fludarabine, low-dose total body irradiation and peripheral blood stem cell infusion for elderly patients with advanced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 397 BP 119A EP 119A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426000398 ER PT J AU Gopal, AK Rajendran, JG Gooley, TA Pagel, JM Fisher, DR Petersdorf, S Maloney, DG Appelbaum, FR Press, OW AF Gopal, AK Rajendran, JG Gooley, TA Pagel, JM Fisher, DR Petersdorf, S Maloney, DG Appelbaum, FR Press, OW TI A phase II study of myeloablative I-131-anti CD-20 (Tositumomab) Radioimmunotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for adults >= 60 years of age with high-risk relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 487 BP 146A EP 146A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426000488 ER PT J AU De Gobbi, M Viprakasit, V de Jong, PJ Yoshinaga, Y Cheng, JF Hughes, JR Fisher, CA Wood, WG Bowden, DK Higgs, DR AF De Gobbi, M Viprakasit, V de Jong, PJ Yoshinaga, Y Cheng, JF Hughes, JR Fisher, CA Wood, WG Bowden, DK Higgs, DR TI Identification of a gain-of-function SNP causing a new model of alpha-thalassaemia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Mol Haematol Unit, Oxford, England. Mahidol Univ, Dept Pediat, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, BACPAC Resources, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Monash Med Ctr, Clin Genet Lab, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RI De Gobbi, Marco/E-8136-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 523 BP 156A EP 156A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426000524 ER PT J AU Taylor, DS Chan, JW Zerdling, T Lane, SM Ihara, K Huser, T AF Taylor, DS Chan, JW Zerdling, T Lane, SM Ihara, K Huser, T TI Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hemotopoietic cells SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Phys & Biophys Div, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA USA. RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 4531 BP 211B EP 211B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CG UT WOS:000233426101234 ER PT J AU Taylor, DS Chan, JW Zwerdling, T Lane, SM Tuscano, J Huser, T AF Taylor, DS Chan, JW Zwerdling, T Lane, SM Tuscano, J Huser, T TI Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy detects differences between normal human lymphocytes, activated lymphocytes and leukemia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Phys & Biophys Div, Livermore, CA USA. NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA USA. RI Huser, Thomas/H-1195-2012 OI Huser, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7416 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 4530 BP 211B EP 211B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CG UT WOS:000233426101233 ER PT J AU Schluepen, C Lersch, R Gee, SL Conboy, JG AF Schluepen, C Lersch, R Gee, SL Conboy, JG TI Protein 4.1R exon 16 splicing regulation by antagonistic activities of Fox-2 and hnRNP A1 splicing factors. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 804 BP 237A EP 237A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426001273 ER PT J AU Lee, G Lo, A Short, S Mankelow, T Parsons, S Spring, F Mohandas, N Anstee, D Chasis, JA AF Lee, G Lo, A Short, S Mankelow, T Parsons, S Spring, F Mohandas, N Anstee, D Chasis, JA TI Targeted gene deletion demonstrates that adhesion molecule ICAM-4 is critical for erythroblastic island formation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Bristol Inst Transfus Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 1661 BP 474A EP 474A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426003023 ER PT J AU Tan, J Parra, MK Mohandas, N Conboy, JG AF Tan, J Parra, MK Mohandas, N Conboy, JG TI Evolutionarily conserved coupling of transcription and alternative splicing in the protein 4.1R and 4.1B genes regulates N-terminal protein structure. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 1664 BP 475A EP 475A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426003026 ER PT J AU Cheney, MD Liu, YZ Gaudet, JJ Chruszcz, M Lukasik, SM Sugiyama, D Lary, J Cole, J Dauter, Z Minor, W Speck, NA Bushweller, JH AF Cheney, MD Liu, YZ Gaudet, JJ Chruszcz, M Lukasik, SM Sugiyama, D Lary, J Cole, J Dauter, Z Minor, W Speck, NA Bushweller, JH TI Structural and functional characterization of the NHR2 and Runt domains of AML1/ETO SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 10-13, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Hanover, NH USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mol Physiol & Biol Phys, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Connecticut, Natl Analyt Ultracentrifugat Facil, Storrs, CT USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Chruszcz, Maksymilian/E-6407-2011; Minor, Wladek/F-3096-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 106 IS 11 MA 2854 BP 800A EP 800A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 986CF UT WOS:000233426005174 ER PT J AU Morasca, P Mayeda, K Gok, R Malagnini, L Eva, C AF Morasca, P Mayeda, K Gok, R Malagnini, L Eva, C TI A break in self-similarity in the Lunigiana-Garfagnana region (northern Apennines) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATED SEISMIC ENERGY; MOMENT-RATE SPECTRA; APPARENT STRESS; EARTHQUAKE; CODA; SLIP; MAGNITUDES; DEPENDENCE; CALIFORNIA; BOREHOLE AB In this study, stable source parameters are determined for small earthquakes in the Lunigiana-Garfagnana region using an empirical methodology based on coda envelope measurements that are significantly less affected by the source radiation pattern, directivity, and heterogeneous path variation, than traditional direct wave measurements. We find evidence that the scaled energy (e) over tilde(= E-R/M-0) increases with moment and source spectra are not self-similar for 3.0 <= M-w <= 4.6. The calibration procedure allows for an independent check of three important features: ( 1) that the empirical path corrections provide consistent amplitude measurements for the same event at different stations, distances, and azimuths; ( 2) that the long-period levels of the source spectra are consistent with independent M-0 derived from long-period waveform modeling; ( 3) that small event spectra are flat below a conservative estimate of the corner frequency and thereby effectively accounting for near-site attenuation. C1 Univ Genoa, DIPTERIS, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. RP Univ Genoa, DIPTERIS, Viale Benedetto XV 5, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. EM alpocc@dipteris.unige.it RI Gok, Rengin/O-6639-2014 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 22 AR L22301 DI 10.1029/2005GL024443 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 988ID UT WOS:000233586100004 ER PT J AU Muller, F Romet-Lemonne, G Delsanti, M Mays, JW Daillant, J Guenoun, P AF Muller, F Romet-Lemonne, G Delsanti, M Mays, JW Daillant, J Guenoun, P TI Salt-induced contraction of polyelectrolyte brushes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Liquid Matter Conference CY JUL 02-06, 2005 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS SP European Phys Soc ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICELLES; BRANCHED POLYELECTROLYTES; SCALING RELATIONS; IONIC-STRENGTH; POLYMERS; MODEL AB We present an experimental study dedicated to understanding the behaviour of polyelectrolyte chains when salt goes into a polyelectrolyte brush. We use the ability of asymmetric neutral-charged diblock copolymers to anchor to a selective interface or to self-assemble in water, to examine polyelectrolyte brushes both in planar and in spherical geometries. Using neutron reflectivity, the monomer profile of planar brushes has been found to switch from a Gaussian profile to a parabolic profile, showing, that at large spatial scale a salted planar brush behaves like a neutral one in good solvent. Using small angle neutron scattering, it is found that spherical brushes exhibit the same behaviour at a large spatial scale although polyelectrolyte chains remain rod-like at a small spatial scale whatever the salinity is. The charged chains inside a polyelectrolyte brush could be viewed as 'surveyor's chains', which fold their rod-like segments of persistence length l(p). In the last part, spherical polyelectrolyte brushes in contact have been examined. Their behaviour is discussed in terms of interdigitation or contraction of the brushes. C1 CEA Saclay, Lab LIONS, SCM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Graz Univ, A-8010 Graz, Austria. CNRS, LEBS, UPR 9063, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Chem Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guenoun, P (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Lab LIONS, SCM, Batiment 125, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM pguenoun@cea.fr NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 45 SI SI BP S3355 EP S3361 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/45/022 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 013FC UT WOS:000235394200023 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Grills, DC Huang, KW Fujita, E Bullock, RM AF Zhang, J Grills, DC Huang, KW Fujita, E Bullock, RM TI Carbon-to-metal hydrogen atom transfer: Direct observation using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADICAL MECHANISM; BOND ACTIVATION; HYDRIDES; COMPLEXES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; THERMODYNAMICS; MOLECULES; KINETICS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bullock@bnl.gov RI Huang, Kuo-Wei/H-2303-2011; Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013; Grills, David/F-7196-2016; Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Huang, Kuo-Wei/0000-0003-1900-2658; Grills, David/0000-0001-8349-9158; Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 45 BP 15684 EP 15685 DI 10.1021/ja0555724 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 987RQ UT WOS:000233535400012 PM 16277493 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Person, M Paola, C Gable, CW Wen, XH Davis, JM AF Zhang, Y Person, M Paola, C Gable, CW Wen, XH Davis, JM TI Geostatistical analysis of an experimental stratigraphy SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONAL GAUSSIAN-NOISE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSURFACE HYDROLOGY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; POROUS-MEDIA; PERMEABILITY; SCALE; HETEROGENEITY; DISPERSION; AQUIFER AB [1] A high-resolution stratigraphic image of a flume-generated deposit was scaled up to sedimentary basin dimensions where a natural log hydraulic conductivity (ln( K)) was assigned to each pixel on the basis of gray scale and conductivity end-members. The synthetic ln( K) map has mean, variance, and frequency distributions that are comparable to a natural alluvial fan deposit. A geostatistical analysis was conducted on selected regions of this map containing fluvial, fluvial/ floodplain, shoreline, turbidite, and deepwater sedimentary facies. Experimental ln(K) variograms were computed along the major and minor statistical axes and horizontal and vertical coordinate axes. Exponential and power law variogram models were fit to obtain an integral scale and Hausdorff measure, respectively. We conclude that the shape of the experimental variogram depends on the problem size in relation to the size of the local-scale heterogeneity. At a given problem scale, multilevel correlation structure is a result of constructing variogram with data pairs of mixed facies types. In multiscale sedimentary systems, stationary correlation structure may occur at separate scales, each corresponding to a particular hierarchy; the integral scale fitted thus becomes dependent on the problem size. The Hausdorff measure obtained has a range comparable to natural geological deposits. It increases from nonstratified to stratified deposits with an approximate cutoff of 0.15. It also increases as the number of facies incorporated in a problem increases. This implies that fractal characteristic of sedimentary rocks is both depositional process - dependent and problem-scale-dependent. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chevron Texaco, ETC, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 2534 CC Little Bldg,1100 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ylzhang@umich.edu RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011 NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 16 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 AR W11416 DI 10.1029/2004WR003756 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 988JH UT WOS:000233589900003 ER PT J AU Bristow, J Carey, W Egging, D Schalkwijk, J AF Bristow, J Carey, W Egging, D Schalkwijk, J TI Tenascin-X, collagen, elastin, and the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE tenascin-X; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; collagen; elastin ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX PROTEIN; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS-III REGION; MICE DEFICIENT; VI COLLAGEN; GENE; EXPRESSION; BINDING; MODULES; FAMILY AB Tenascin-X is an extracellular matrix protein initially identified because the gene encoding it overlaps with the human CYP21B gene. Because studies of gene and protein function of other tenascins had been poorly predictive of essential functions in vivo, we used a genetic approach that critically relied on an understanding of the genomic locus to uncover an association between inactivating tenascin-X mutations and novel recessive and dominant forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Tenascin-X provides the first example of a gene outside of the fibrillar collagens and their processing enzymes that causes EDS. Tenascin-X null mice recapitulate the skin findings of the human disease, confirming a causative role for this gene in EDS. Further evaluation of these mice showed that tenascin-X is an important regulator of collagen deposition in vivo, suggesting a novel mechanism of disease in this form of EDS. Further studies suggest that tenascin-X may Do this through both direct and indirect interactions with the collagen fibril. Recent studies show that TNX effects on matrix extend beyond the collagen to the elastogenic pathway and matrix remodeling enzymes. Tenascin-X serves as a compelling example of how human "experiments of nature'' can guide us to an understanding of genes whose function may not be evident from their sequence or in vitro studies of their encoded proteins. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Nijmegen Ctr Mol Life Sci, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Bristow, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM jbristow@lbl.gov RI Schalkwijk, Joost/N-1774-2013 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U1HL666818, HL-60875]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-07162] NR 40 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4868 J9 AM J MED GENET C JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 139C IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30071 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 989AW UT WOS:000233646300005 PM 16278880 ER PT J AU Kertesz, V Ford, MJ Van Berkel, GJ AF Kertesz, V Ford, MJ Van Berkel, GJ TI Automation of a surface sampling probe/electrospray mass spectrometry system SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; DEVICE; PROBE AB An image analysis automation concept and the associated software (HandsFree TLC/MS) were developed to control the surface sampling probe-to-surface distance during operation of a surface sampling electrospray system. This automation system enables both "hands-free" formation of the liquid microjunction used to sample material from the surface and hands-free reoptimization of the microjunction thickness during a surface scan to achieve a fully automated surface sampling system. The image analysis concept and the practical implementation of the monitoring and automated adjustment of the sampling probe-to-surface distance (i.e., liquid microjunction thickness) are presented. The added capabilities for the preexisting surface sampling electrospray system afforded through this software control are illustrated by an example of automated scanning of multiple development lanes on a reversed-phase C8 TLC plate and by imaging inked lettering on a paper surface. The post data acquisition processing and data display aspects of the software package are also discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kertesz, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kerteszv@ornl.gov; vanberkelgj@ornl.gov RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 NR 15 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 22 BP 7183 EP 7189 DI 10.1021/ac0510742 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 985UM UT WOS:000233404200010 PM 16285664 ER PT J AU Keller, DW Porter, MD AF Keller, DW Porter, MD TI Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography and the Gibbs adsorption equation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; STATIONARY-PHASE; ION-EXCHANGE; SOLUTION INTERFACE; SEPARATIONS; ELECTRODES; EMLC; SELECTIVITY; BENZODIAZEPINES AB Electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography uses a conductive material like porous graphitic carbon (PGC) as a chromatographic stationary phase and a working electrode. This dual functionality enables manipulation of separations by changes in the potential applied (E-app) to the packing. Thus, by monitoring the retention factor (k') with respect to Eapp, a chromatographic tool for examination of electrosorption processes can be devised. This novel capability is developed herein by examining the retention of charged aromatic compounds at PGC. The Gibbs adsorption equation and related formulations (e.g., the Lippmann equation) are used to determine interfacial excesses (Gamma) of these solutes in different supporting electrolytes, changes in interfacial tension (d gamma), the charge on the electrode (q(M)), and the potential of zero charge (PZC). Values of the PZC were also determined from plots of In k' versus Eapp, In this case, the dependence of In k' reveals a shift in the PZC to more cathodic values as the strength of specific adsorption by anions as the electrolyte concentration increases. Together, these results provide insights into the retention mechanism and, more generally, to adsorption at electrified carbon electrodes. Extensions of this strategy as a probe of electrified interfaces with respect to mobile-phase composition, temperature, and pressure are briefly described. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 22 BP 7399 EP 7407 DI 10.1021/ac051176s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 985UM UT WOS:000233404200038 PM 16285692 ER PT J AU Steele, PT Srivastava, A Pitesky, ME Fergenson, DP Tobias, HJ Gard, EE Frank, M AF Steele, PT Srivastava, A Pitesky, ME Fergenson, DP Tobias, HJ Gard, EE Frank, M TI Desorption/ionization fluence thresholds and improved mass spectral consistency measured using a flattop laser profile in the bioaerosol mass spectrometry of single Bacillus endospores SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-PARTICLES; INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MU-M; BEAM; SIZE; CLASSIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; IONIZATION AB Bioaerosol mass spectrometry is being developed to analyze and identify biological aerosols in real time. Mass spectra of individual Bacillus endospores were measured with a bipolar aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer in which molecular desorption and ionization were produced using a single laser pulse from a Q-switched, frequency-quadrupled Nd:YAG laser that was modified to have an approximately flattop, profile. The flattened laser profile allowed the minimum fluence required to desorb and ionize significant numbers of ions from single aerosol particles to be determined. For Bacillus spores, this threshold had a mean value of similar to 1 nJ/mu m(2) (0.1 J/cm(2)). Thresholds for individual spores, however, could apparently deviate by 20% or more from the mean. Threshold distributions for clumps of MS2 bacteriophage and bovine serum albumin were subsequently determined. Finally, the flattened profile was observed to increase the reproducibility of single-spore mass spectra. This is consistent with the general conclusions of our earlier paper on the fluence dependence of single-spore mass spectra and is particularly significant because it is expected to enable more robust differentiation and identification of single bioaerosol particles. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Frank, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-211, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM frank1@llnl.gov RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 40 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 22 BP 7448 EP 7454 DI 10.1021/ac051329b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 985UM UT WOS:000233404200045 PM 16285699 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Analysis of three-dimensional grids: Cubic equations for nine-point prismatic arrays SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE interpolation; curvature; operational equations; experimental design; least squares ID DIAMOND CONFIGURATION; 5-POINT AB Four polynomial equations for interpolating the nine-point cube are compared. All of the equations estimate first-, second- and third-order coefficients. Fidelity to monotonic test surfaces, as measured by sums-of-squares of deviations, depends oil the distribution of the center point datum among the coefficients. Linear-term coefficients rendered by the equations are often more accurate than the like coefficients rendered by main-effects formulas. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 752 EP 760 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2004.12.045 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 980YQ UT WOS:000233054500003 ER PT J AU Medvedev, DM Medvedev, ES Kotelnikov, AI Stuchebrukhov, AA AF Medvedev, DM Medvedev, ES Kotelnikov, AI Stuchebrukhov, AA TI Analysis of the kinetics of the membrane potential generated by cytochrome c oxidase upon single electron injection SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE kinetic; membrane potential; cytochrome c ID HEME-COPPER OXIDASES; PROTON-PUMPING MECHANISM; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; CATALYTIC CYCLE; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS; RESPIRATORY OXIDASES; HISTIDINE CYCLE; SUBUNIT-I; TRANSLOCATION; WATER AB In a recent work from this group (Popovic, D. M.; Stuchebrukhov A. A. FEBS Lett. 2004, 566, 126), a model of proton pumping by cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) was proposed. The key element of the model is His291 (bovine notation), a histidine ligand to enzyme's CuB redox center, which plays the role of the pump element. The model assumes that upon electron transfer between heme a and the binuclear catalytic center of the enzyme, two sequential proton transfers occur: First, a proton from Glu242 is transferred to an unprotonated His291, then a second proton, after reprotonation of Glu242 from the negative side of the membrane, is transferred to a hydroxyl group in the binuclear center, a water molecule is formed, and the first proton, due to proton-proton repulsion, is expelled from His291 to the positive side of the membrane, resulting in a pumping event. In the process the free energy of water formation (i.e., reduction of oxygen) is transformed into a proton gradient across the membrane. The model possesses specific kinetic features. It assumes, for example, that upon electron transfer the first proton is transferred to the proton-loading site of the pump, His291, and not to the catalytic center of the enzyme. Here, we analyze the kinetic properties of the proposed model, and calculate the time dependence of the membrane potential generated by CcO upon a single electron injection into the enzyme. These data are directly compared with recent experimental measurements of the membrane potential generated by CcO. Specifically, F to 0, and 0 to E transitions will be discussed. Several enzymes from different organisms (bovine, two bacterial enzymes, and several mutants) are compared and discussed in detail. The kinetic description, however, is phenomenological, and does not include explicitly the nature of the groups involved in proton translocation, except in terms of their position depth within the membrane; thus, the kinetic equations developed here are in fact describe a generic model, similar, e.g., to that proposed earlier by Peter Rich (P.R. Rich, Towards an understanding of the chemistry of oxygen reduction and proton translocation in the iron-copper respiratory oxidases. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22 (1995) 479-486), and which is based on the idea of displacement of the pumped protons by the chemical ones. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Moscow 142432, Russia. RP Stuchebrukhov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM stuchebr@chem.ucdavis.edu RI Medvedev, Emile/A-1697-2009; Alexander, Kotelnikov/H-8685-2016 OI Medvedev, Emile/0000-0002-4415-6926; NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 1710 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2005.08.008 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 987UY UT WOS:000233544100005 PM 16242114 ER PT J AU Jung, ME Clemens, JJ Suree, N Liew, CK Pilpa, R Campbell, DO Clubb, RT AF Jung, ME Clemens, JJ Suree, N Liew, CK Pilpa, R Campbell, DO Clubb, RT TI Synthesis of (2R,3S) 3-amino-4-mercapto-2-butanol, a threonine analogue for covalent inhibition of sortases SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE threonine analogues; mercaptomethyl derivatives of threonine; sortase A inhibition; sortase B inhibition; tetrapeptide analogue synthesis ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SORTASE; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; CELL-WALL; SURFACE-PROTEINS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SRTA GENE; ANCHORS; INACTIVATION; PATHOGENESIS; SUBSTRATE AB L-Threonine 2 was converted in seven steps into the protected aminomercaptoalcohol 8, a threonine mimic. This compound 8 was coupled to various oligopeptides to produce two different tetrapeptide analogues, for example, 11 and 17, which were shown to inhibit the Sortase enzymes (SrtA and SrtB) via covalent attachment of the thiol groups of 11 and 17 to the catalytically active cysteine residue of the Sortase enzymes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE, Inst Gen & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Jung, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jung@chem.ucla.edu RI Campbell, Dean/E-6905-2010; Liew, Chu Kong/H-1437-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI052217, AI52217] NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 15 IS 22 BP 5076 EP 5079 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.073 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 975SI UT WOS:000232681800039 PM 16169722 ER PT J AU Huynh, A Diederichs, C Dani, KM Andre, R Dang, LS Tignon, J AF Huynh, A Diederichs, C Dani, KM Andre, R Dang, LS Tignon, J TI Parametric scattering in semiconductor microcavities probed by four-wave-mixing SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE four-wave-mixing; microcavity; polariton; parametric scattering ID STIMULATED SCATTERING; POLARITON AMPLIFIER; EMISSION; DYNAMICS; LASER AB We present a study of the polariton coherent dynamics in II-VI semiconductor microcavities in the parametric scattering regime. We perform angle resolved four-wave mixing, which allows us to study the polariton dephasing within the full reciprocal space. When polaritons are excited above the threshold in the phase matching conditions for parametric scattering, we observe a very efficient scattering towards the final states (signal and idler), inducing pump depletion. On the contrary, below threshold or when the phase matching conditions are not fulfilled, we observe an angle-dependent collision broadening that occurs when pump polaritons scatter towards the excitonic reservoir. We discuss the interplay between parametric scattering and collision broadening within the framework of a phenomenological numeric calculation. Last, we propose a new design for the realization of a vertical-cavity, surface emitting parametric oscillator/amplifier that provides triple resonance for the parametric frequencies together with cavity phase-matching for all waves at normal incidence. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ecole Normale Super, Lab Pierre Aigrain, CNRS 8551, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7588, Inst Nanosci Paris, F-75015 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75015 Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS 5588, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. RP Ecole Normale Super, Lab Pierre Aigrain, CNRS 8551, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France. EM Jerome.Tignon@lpa.ens.fr RI Andre, Regis/M-4629-2014; Dani, Keshav/B-7490-2015 OI Andre, Regis/0000-0003-3035-4291; Dani, Keshav/0000-0003-3917-6305 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 EI 1873-4421 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 318 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.07.018 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 985CK UT WOS:000233353500016 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZC Lyons, LJ Jin, JJ Amine, K West, R AF Zhang, ZC Lyons, LJ Jin, JJ Amine, K West, R TI Synthesis and ionic conductivity of cyclosiloxanes with ethyleneoxy-containing substituents SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; OLIGO(OXYETHYLENE) SIDE-CHAINS; COMB POLYMERS; LITHIUM PERCHLORATE; SILOXANE POLYMERS; SULFONATE GROUPS; POLYSILOXANE; COMPLEXES; POLYPHOSPHAZENES; VISCOSITY AB Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxanes (D-5(H)) with oligo(ethylene glycol) substituents, D(5)N3 and D(5)S3, and a short-chain siloxane derivative MD(6)N3M were synthesized by B(C6F5)(3)-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling and by platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions. Conductivities were studied when doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The oxygen-linked cyclic siloxane D5N3 exhibits higher conductivity than trimethylene-linked siloxane D(5)S3. The substituted linear oligmeric siloxane MD(6)N3M has a lower T-g. than the D-5 siloxanes, and showed much higher conductivity at the same Li+ concentration. The curvature of the plot of conductivity vs temperature dependence indicates a free volume mechanism of ion transport. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Organosilicon Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Grinnell Coll, Dept Chem, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. RP West, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Organosilicon Res Ctr, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM west@chem.wisc.edu RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 NR 48 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 23 BP 5646 EP 5650 DI 10.1021/cm050742x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 983WG UT WOS:000233262400008 ER PT J AU Gazizov, A Kowalski, M AF Gazizov, A Kowalski, M TI ANIS: High energy neutrino generator for neutrino telescopes SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE high energy neutrinos; Monte Carlo event generator; neutrino telescopes; astroparticle physics; neutrino propagation; neutrino interaction ID DETECTOR AB We present the high-energy neutrino Monte Carlo event generator ANIS (All Neutrino Interaction Simulation). The program provides a detailed and flexible neutrino event simulation for high-energy neutrino detectors, such as AMANDA, ANTARES or ICECUBE. It generates neutrinos of any flavor according to a specified flux and propagates them through the Earth. In a final step neutrino interactions are simulated within a specified volume. All relevant standard model processes are implemented. We discuss strengths and limitations of the program. C1 DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kowalski, M (reprint author), DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. EM marek.kowalski@desy.de RI Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012 NR 25 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 172 IS 3 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2005.03.113 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 992MX UT WOS:000233889200004 ER PT J AU Spalding, BP Brooks, SC AF Spalding, BP Brooks, SC TI Permeable environmental leaching capsules (PELCAPs) for in situ evaluation of contaminant immobilization in soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; THIN-FILMS; RADIONUCLIDES; DIFFUSION; GRADIENTS; MINERALS; DGT AB We encapsulated radioisotope-spiked soil within a water-permeable polyacrylamide matrix cast in a small cylindrical geometry (approximate to 5 cm(3)) to measure the persistence of immobilized soil contaminants. As a proof-of-principle, soils contained within these permeable environmental leaching capsules (PELCAPs) were labeled with either Sr-85 or Cs-134 and were leached in both laboratory tests and continuously in situ with ground and streamwaters at two field sites on the Oak Ridge reservation. Groups of PELCAPs were retrieved, assayed nondestructively for radioisotopes via gamma spectroscopy, and then replaced in ground and surface water repeatedly over a 6-month period. PELCAPs that contained no soil readily and quantitatively leached either 85Sr or Cs-134 into laboratory extractants or ground or surface water with effective diffusion coefficients (D-eff) of (1.14 +/- 0.06) and (4.8 +/- 0.2) x 10(-6) cm(2)/s, respectively. PELCAPs containing untreated soil readily leached > 90% of Sr-85 but < 1% of Cs-134 during field leaching at both sites, whereas thermally treated soils quantitatively retained both isotopes under all conditions. Permeable polymer encapsulation methods, such as PELCAPs, offer the potential capability to conveniently test large numbers of soils and soil treatments for contaminant release and uptake under actual field environmental conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spalding, BP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2006, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spaldingbp@ornl.gov RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 22 BP 8912 EP 8918 DI 10.1021/es051379y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984IS UT WOS:000233297100053 PM 16323793 ER PT J AU Tuanyok, A Kim, HS Nierman, WC Yu, Y Dunbar, J Moore, RA Baker, P Tom, M Ling, JML Woods, DE AF Tuanyok, A Kim, HS Nierman, WC Yu, Y Dunbar, J Moore, RA Baker, P Tom, M Ling, JML Woods, DE TI Genome-wide expression analysis of iron regulation in Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei using DNA microarrays SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iron; Burkholderia pseudomallei; B. mallei ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; BACTERIOFERRITIN GENE; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; VIRULENCE; GLANDERS; CEPACIA; PVDA; FUR AB Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. As iron regulation of gene expression is common in bacteria, in the present studies, we have used microarray analysis to examine the effects of growth in different iron concentrations on the regulation of gene expression in B. pseudomallei and B. mallei. Gene expression profiles for these two bacterial species were similar under high and low iron growth conditions irrespective of growth phase. Growth in low iron led to reduced expression of genes encoding most respiratory metabolic systems and proteins of putative function, such as NADH-dehydrogenases, cytochrome oxidases, and ATP-synthases. In contrast, genes encoding siderophore-mediated iron transport, heme-hemin receptors, and a variety of metabolic enzymes for alternative metabolism were induced under low iron conditions. The overall gene expression profiles suggest that B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are able to adapt to the iron-restricted conditions in the host environment by up-regulating an iron-acquisition system and by using alternative metabolic pathways for energy production. The observations relative to the induction of specific metabolic enzymes during bacterial growth under low iron conditions warrants further experimentation. (c) 2005 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calgary, Hlth Sci Ctr, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. Inst Gen Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Woods, DE (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Hlth Sci Ctr, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, 3330 Hosp Dr,NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM woods@ucalgary.ca FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI056006, R01AI50565] NR 28 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 252 IS 2 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.043 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 982TY UT WOS:000233185700020 PM 16242861 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y van Geen, A Stute, M Dhar, R Mo, Z Cheng, Z Horneman, A Gavrieli, I Simpson, HJ Versteeg, R Steckler, M Grazioli-Venier, A Goodbred, S Shahnewaz, M Shamsudduha, M Hoque, MA Ahmed, KM AF Zheng, Y van Geen, A Stute, M Dhar, R Mo, Z Cheng, Z Horneman, A Gavrieli, I Simpson, HJ Versteeg, R Steckler, M Grazioli-Venier, A Goodbred, S Shahnewaz, M Shamsudduha, M Hoque, MA Ahmed, KM TI Geochemical and hydrogeological contrasts between shallow and deeper aquifers in two villages of Araihazar, Bangladesh: Implications for deeper aquifers as drinking water sources SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; WEST-BENGAL; REDUCING CONDITIONS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ARSENIC MOBILITY; FE RELEASE; GROUNDWATER; SORPTION; SAMPLES; MOBILIZATION AB Sediment and groundwater profiles were compared in two villages of Bangladesh to understand the geochemical and hydrogeological factors that regulate dissolved As concentrations in groundwater. In both villages, fine-grained sediment layers separate shallow aquifers (< 28 m) high in As from deeper aquifers (40-90 in) containing < 10 mu g/L As. In one village (Dari), radiocarbon dating indicates deposition of the deeper aquifer sediments > 50 ka ago and a groundwater age of thousands of years. In the other village (Bay), the sediment is < 20 ka old down to 90 in and the deeper aquifer groundwater is younger, on the order of hundreds of years. The shallow aquifers in both villages that are high in As contain bomb-(3)H and bomb-(14)C, indicating recent recharge. The major and minor ion compositions of the shallow and deeper aquifers also differ significantly. Deeper aquifer water is of the Na(+)-HCO(3)(-) type, with relatively little dissolved NH(4)(+) (76 +/- 192 mu mol/L), Fe (27 +/- 43 mu mol/L) and Mn (3 +/- 2 mu mol/L). In contrast, shallow aquifer water is of the Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-HCO(3)(-)type, with elevated concentrations of dissolved NH(4)(+) (306 +/- 355 mu mol/L), Fe (191 +/- 73 mu mol/L), and Mn (27 +/- 43 mu mol/L). In both villages, the quantity of As extractable from deeper aquifer sands with a I mol/L phosphate Solution (0.2 +/- 0.3 mg/kg, n = 12; 0.1 +/- 0.1 mg/kg, n = 5) is I order of magnitude lower than P-extractable As from shallow deposits (1.7 +/- 1.2 mg/kg, n = 9; 1.4 +/- 2.0 mg/kg, n = 11). The differences suggest that the concentration of P-extractable As in the sediment is a factor controlling the concentration of As in groundwater. Low P-extractable As levels are observed in both deeper aquifers that are low in As, even though there is a large difference in the time of deposition of these aquifers in the two villages. The geochemical data and hydrographs presented in this study suggest that both Holocene and Pleistocene deeper aquifers that are low in As should be a viable source of drinking water as long as withdrawals do not exceed recharge rates of similar to 1 cm/yr. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. Geol Survey Israel, IL-95501 Jerusalem, Israel. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Dhaka, Dept Geol, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Zheng, Y (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM yan_zheng@qc.cuny.edu RI Goodbred, Steven/A-1737-2011; OI Goodbred, Steven/0000-0001-7626-9864; Ahmed, Kazi Matin/0000-0001-5188-4385; Hoque, Mohammad/0000-0002-8271-6760 NR 49 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 22 BP 5203 EP 5218 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.06.001 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 999UZ UT WOS:000234417400003 ER PT J AU Ohnuki, T Ozaki, T Yoshida, T Sakamoto, F Kozai, N Wakai, E Francis, AJ Iefuji, H AF Ohnuki, T Ozaki, T Yoshida, T Sakamoto, F Kozai, N Wakai, E Francis, AJ Iefuji, H TI Mechanisms of uranium mineralization by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METALS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; CITROBACTER SP; CELL-WALL; ACCUMULATION; REDUCTION; PHOSPHATE; SURFACE; COPRECIPITATION; ASSOCIATION AB We determined the association of uranium in yeast cells S. cerevisiae grown in medium containing high (I g center dot L-1) or low (0.2 g center dot L-1) concentrations of phosphate after exposure for 96 It to a 4 X 10(-4) Mol center dot L-1 U(VI) solution at pH 3.2 or 4.7. The analysis was made using a field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and visible diffuse reflectance spectrometry. Cells grown in the high-phosphate medium rapidly accumulated U(VI) from solution at pH 3.2 over the first 24 h, followed by a slow uptake until 96 h, whereas in cells grown in low-phosphate medium, U(VI) accumulation reached a steady state within 24 h. FESEM-EDS analyses revealed the formation of a U(VI)-bearing precipitate on the yeast cells grown in high-phosphate medium after only 48 h exposure; no precipitate was detected on cells grown in low-phosphate medium up to 96 h. These results suggest that sorption onto the cell surfaces was the dominant process initially. Analysis of the U(VI)-bearing precipitates by all three methods demonstrated the presence of H-autunite, HUO2PO4 center dot 4H(2)O. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that the chemical compositions of the solutions containing yeast grown in high-phosphate medium were undersaturated with respect to H-autunite, but were supersaturated with ten times more U(VI) and P than were actually observed. Apparently, the sorbed U(VI) on the cell surfaces reacts with P released from the yeast to form H-autunite by local saturation. The U(VI) uptake by yeast cells grown in high phosphate medium at pH 4.7, along with the thermodynamic calculation, indicated that more H-autunite is precipitated in neutral pH solution than in acid solution. Thus, U(VI)-phosphate mineralization on the cells of microorganisms should be taken into account for predicting U(VI) mobility in the environment. Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Mat Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Res Inst Brewing, Div Environm Res, Hiroshima 7390046, Japan. RP Ohnuki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Shirakata 2, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM ohnuki@sparclt.tokai.jaeri.go.jp RI Wakai, Eiichi/L-1099-2016 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 22 BP 5307 EP 5316 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.06.023 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 999UZ UT WOS:000234417400010 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Tompson, AFB AF Hunt, JR Tompson, AFB TI Tracing long-term vadose zone processes at the Nevada Test Site, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology and Integrated Water Resources Management CY MAY 19-23, 2003 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP IAEA DE radionuclides; tritium; wetting front; infiltration; contaminant hydrology ID INFILTRATION AB The nuclear weapons testing programme of the USA has released radionuclides to the subsurface at the Nevada Test Site. One of these tests has been used to study the hydrological transport of radionuclides for over 15 years in groundwater and the deep unsaturated zone. Ten years after the weapon's test, a 16 year groundwater pumping experiment was initiated to study the mobility of radionuclides from that test in an alluvial aquifer. The continuously pumped groundwater was released into an unlined ditch where some of the water infiltrated into the 200 m deep vadose zone. The pumped groundwater had well-characterized tritium activities that were utilized to trace water migration in the shallow and deep vadose zones. Within the near-surface vadose zone, tritium levels in the soil water are modelled by a simple one-dimensional, analytical wetting front model. In the case of the near-surface soils at the Cambric Ditch experimental site, water flow and salt accumulation appear to be dominated by rooted vegetation, a mechanism not included within the wetting front model. Simulation results from a two-dimensional vadose groundwater flow model illustrate the dominance of vertical flow in the vadose zone and the recharge of the aquifer with the pumped groundwater. The long-time series of hydrological data provides opportunities to understand contaminant transport processes better in the vadose zone with an appropriate level of modelling. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hunt@ce.berkeley.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42 ES004705, P42 ES004705-180026, P42 ES004705-170026] NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 17 BP 3383 EP 3394 DI 10.1002/hyp.5976 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 987IN UT WOS:000233511700009 PM 21785525 ER PT J AU Elsner, RF Ramsey, BD Waite, JH Rehak, P Johnson, RE Cooper, JF Swartz, DA AF Elsner, RF Ramsey, BD Waite, JH Rehak, P Johnson, RE Cooper, JF Swartz, DA TI X-ray probes of magnetospheric interactions with Jupiter's auroral zones, the Galilean satellites, and the Io plasma torus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Jovian Magnetospheric Environment Science for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter CY 2003 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Geophys Union DE instrumentation; experimental techniques; Jupiter, magnetosphere; Io; Europa; Ganymede; Callisto; aurorae; abundances; impact processes ID INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; JOVIAN MAGNETOSPHERE; EUROPAS SURFACE; ENERGETIC PARTICLE; SODIUM ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; CALLISTO; OCEAN; SO2; BOMBARDMENT AB Remote observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the XMM-Newton Observatory have shown that the jovian system is a source of X-rays with a rich and complicated structure. The planet's polar aurora] zones and its disk are both powerful sources of X-ray emission. Chandra observations revealed X-ray emission from the to plasma torus and from the Galilean moons Io, Europa, and possibly Ganymede. The emission from the moons is due to bombardment of their surfaces by highly energetic magnetospheric protons, and oxygen and sulfur ions. These ions excite atoms in their surfaces leading to fluorescent X-ray emission lines. These lines are produced against an intense background continuum, including bremsstrahlung radiation from surface interactions of primary magnetospheric and secondary electrons. Although the X-ray emission from the Galilean moons is faint when observed from Earth orbit, an imaging X-ray spectrometer in orbit around one or more of these moons, operating from 200 eV to 8 keV with 150 eV energy resolution, would provide a detailed mapping of the elemental composition in their surfaces. Surface resolution of 40 m for small features could be achieved in a 100-km orbit around one moon while also remotely imaging surfaces of other moons and Jupiter's upper atmosphere at maximum regional resolutions of hundreds of kilometers. Due to its relatively more benign magnetospheric radiation environment, its intrinsic interest as the largest moon in the Solar System, and its mini-magnetosphere, Ganymede would be the ideal orbital location for long-term observational studies of the jovian system. Here we describe the physical processes leading to X-ray emission from the surfaces of Jupiter's moons and the properties required for the technique of imaging X-ray spectroscopy to map the elemental composition of their surfaces, as well as studies of the X-ray emission from the planet's aurora and disk and from the to plasma torus. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Space Phys Data Facil, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, XD 12, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM ron.elsner@nasa.gov RI Cooper, John/D-4709-2012 NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 178 IS 2 BP 417 EP 428 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.06.006 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 985KM UT WOS:000233376300011 ER PT J AU Shukla, P Gordon, JC Cowley, AH Jones, JN AF Shukla, P Gordon, JC Cowley, AH Jones, JN TI An unusual bowl-shaped aluminum-nitrogen cage compound SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE aluminum; nitrogen; cage; crystal structure AB Trimethylaluminum reacts with 2,6-diaminopyridine in a 3:2 mole ratio to form the unusual cage-type compound AlMe[Al-Me-2{N(H),N(H)-C5H3N}](2) (1). The structure of 1, which was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction, features an overall bowl shape. The bowls stack along the (010) direction. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cowley, AH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM cowley@mail.utexas.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 358 IS 14 BP 4407 EP 4411 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2004.12.007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 992DK UT WOS:000233864400031 ER PT J AU Koller, DD Hixson, RS Gray, GT Rigg, PA Addessio, LB Cerreta, EK Maestas, JD Yablinsky, CA AF Koller, DD Hixson, RS Gray, GT Rigg, PA Addessio, LB Cerreta, EK Maestas, JD Yablinsky, CA TI Influence of shock-wave profile shape on dynamically induced damage in high-purity copper SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETER; VELOCITIES; KM/S AB Studies of the creation of damaged regions leading to failure are conducted using flat-top and triangular shock waves generated in gas-gun experiments as well as quasi-isentropic ramp waves. Shock waves are used to generate release waves, both behind the shock and on reflection at the free surface. It is the interaction of these release waves that places the material in a state of tension which can ultimately result in damage and possibly complete failure. The peak tensile stress and its location in the material are determined by the wave shape. Damage evolution processes and localized behavior are studied under flat-top, triangular, and ramp wave loading/unloading using time-resolved free-surface velocity interferometry and post-experiment metallurgical analysis of the soft recovered samples. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koller, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ddennis@lanl.gov OI Yablinsky, Clarissa/0000-0001-6162-0949 NR 21 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 10 AR 103518 DI 10.1063/1.2128493 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 988LL UT WOS:000233602600028 ER PT J AU Kozioziemski, BJ Sater, JD Moody, JD Sanchez, JJ London, RA Barty, A Martz, HE Montgomery, DS AF Kozioziemski, BJ Sater, JD Moody, JD Sanchez, JJ London, RA Barty, A Martz, HE Montgomery, DS TI X-ray imaging of cryogenic deuterium-tritium layers in a beryllium shell SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; RADIOACTIVELY INDUCED SUBLIMATION; PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY; FUSION-TARGETS; CAPSULES AB Solid deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel layers inside copper-doped beryllium shells are robust inertial confinement fusion fuel pellets. This paper describes the first characterization of such layers using phase-contrast x-ray imaging. Good agreement is found between calculation and experimental contrast at the layer interfaces. Uniform solid D-T layers and their response to thermal asymmetries were measured in the Be(Cu) shell. The solid D-T redistribution time constant was measured to be 28 min in the Be(Cu) shell. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kozioziemski, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Barty, Anton/K-5137-2014 OI Barty, Anton/0000-0003-4751-2727 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 10 AR 103105 DI 10.1063/1.2133903 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 988LL UT WOS:000233602600005 ER PT J AU Wright, AF AF Wright, AF TI Substitutional and interstitial oxygen in wurtzite GaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; AB-INITIO; GALLIUM VACANCIES; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEFECT COMPLEXES; NATIVE DEFECTS; NITRIDE; ALN AB Density-functional theory was used to compute energy-minimum configurations and formation energies of substitutional and interstitial oxygen (O) in wurtzite GaN. The results indicate that O substituted at a N site (O-N) acts as a single donor with the ionized state (O-N(+1)) being the most stable O state in p-type GaN. In n-type GaN, interstitial O (O-I) is predicted to be a double acceptor and O substituted at a Ga site (O-Ga) is predicted to be a triple acceptor. The formation energies of these two species are comparable to that of O-N in n-type GaN and, as such, they should form and compensate the O-N donors. The extent of compensation was estimated for both Ga-rich and N-rich conditions with a total O concentration of 10(17) cm(-3). Ga-rich conditions yielded negligible compensation and an O-N concentration in excess of 9.9x10(16) cm(-3). N-rich conditions yielded a 25% lower O-N concentration, due to the increased stability of O-I and O-Ga relative to O-N, and moderate compensation. These findings are consistent with experimental results indicating that O acts as a donor in GaN(O). Complexes of O-N with the Mg acceptor and O-I with the Si donor were examined. Binding energies for charge-conserving reactions were >= 0.5 eV, indicating that these complexes can exist in equilibrium at room temperature. Complexes of O-N with the Ga vacancy in n-type GaN were also examined and their binding energies were 1.2 and 1.4 eV, indicating that appreciable concentrations can exist in equilibrium even at elevated temperatures. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM afwrigh@sandia.gov NR 45 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 10 AR 103531 DI 10.1063/1.2137446 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 988LL UT WOS:000233602600041 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Hu, B Howe, J AF Wu, Y Hu, B Howe, J TI Morphology-dependent exciton emission and energy transfer in fluorene-polymer-related fluorescent and phosphorescent composite films spin cast from a mixture of two dissimilar organic solvents SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CRYSTALLINE CONJUGATED POLYMER; THIN-FILM; POLYFLUORENE; POLY(9,9-DIOCTYLFLUORENE); EFFICIENCY; BLUE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOPHYSICS; CONFINEMENT AB We report morphology-dependent exciton emission and energy transfer in fluorene-conjugated polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-related fluorescent and phosphorescent materials by using a mixture of two dissimilar organic solvents for spin-cast film formation. The electron microscopic characterizations revealed that the mixture of a high-boiling-point orthodichlorobenzene and a low-boiling-point chloroform results in a formation of both crystalline and amorphous morphological structures in fluorene-conjugated polymers. The UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence studies indicated that the low-energy crystalline phase domains, randomly distributed in the continuous high-energy amorphous phase, function as potential quantum wells. As a consequence, the mixture of two dissimilar organic solvents significantly affects the exciton emission from fluorescent fluorene-conjugated polymer and the energy transfer in phosphorescent composite of fluorene polymer and iridium complex molecules, presenting a pathway to control fluorescent and phosphorescent processes in polymer light-emitting materials. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bhu@utk.edu RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; Hu, Bin/A-2954-2015 OI Hu, Bin/0000-0002-1573-7625 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 10 AR 103510 DI 10.1063/1.2132510 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 988LL UT WOS:000233602600020 ER PT J AU Nemeth, K Challacombe, M AF Nemeth, K Challacombe, M TI Geometry optimization of crystals by the quasi-independent curvilinear coordinate approximation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FORCE-CONSTANTS; TRANSFORMATION PROBLEM; PERIODIC-SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; MOLECULES AB The quasi-independent curvilinear coordinate approximation (QUICCA) method [K. Nemeth and M. Challacombe, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 2877 (2004)] is extended to the optimization of crystal structures. We demonstrate that QUICCA is valid under periodic boundary conditions, enabling simultaneous relaxation of the lattice and atomic coordinates, as illustrated by tight optimization of polyethylene, hexagonal boron nitride, a (10,0) carbon nanotube, hexagonal ice, quartz, and sulfur at the Gamma-point RPBE/STO-3G level of theory. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nemeth, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Nemeth@ANL.Gov RI Nemeth, Karoly/L-7806-2014 OI Nemeth, Karoly/0000-0001-8366-1397 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 19 AR 194112 DI 10.1063/1.2121569 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 985CH UT WOS:000233353200012 PM 16321081 ER PT J AU Bergren, AJ Porter, MD AF Bergren, AJ Porter, MD TI Electrochemical amplification using selective self-assembled alkanethiolate monolayers on gold: A predictive mechanistic model SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electrochemical amplification; catalysis; alkanethiolate; selective interface; cyclic voltammetry ID HOMOGENEOUS REDOX CATALYSIS; OMEGA-HYDROXY THIOL; ELECTRON-TRANSFER RATE; RATE CONSTANTS; COATED ELECTRODES; VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SIMULATED DATA; REDUCED FORM AB Electroanalytical current measurements are often challenged by sensitivity limitations. For applications requiring enhanced sensitivity, an electrochemical signal can be amplified using a homogeneous electron-transfer reaction. This report describes the mechanistic details of a redox recycling amplification system based on monomolecular films of alkanethiolates on gold. These interfaces can be prepared to exhibit facile oxidation of functionalized ferrocenes (FcX), while markedly suppressing the electrolysis of ferrocyanide. Thus, ferrocyanide can be used as a sacrificial electron donor to electrogenerated FcX(+), providing a pathway for a notable improvement of the detection limit for FcX. Electrochemical methods are used to demonstrate, evaluate, and quantify the amplification mechanism. The dependence of amplification on the rates of heterogeneous and homogeneous electron transfer is qualitatively delineated by digital simulations of cyclic voltammetric (CV) curves. This work also develops a mathematical model for prediction of the maximum amplification observed via CV that is tested by comparisons to experimental data. These results are then used as a guide in performance assessments, which yield an optimal amplification of 225 and a limit of detection of similar to 500 nM. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Combinatorial Discovery, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM mporter@porter1.ameslab.gov RI Bergren, Adam/A-1609-2010 OI Bergren, Adam/0000-0001-5177-0038 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 585 IS 2 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.08.008 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 985TJ UT WOS:000233401200003 ER PT J AU Geeting, JGH Hallen, RT Peterson, RA AF Geeting, JGH Hallen, RT Peterson, RA TI Optimization of ultrafilter feed conditions using classical filtration models SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ultrafiltration; high level waste; concentration polarization; resistance in series; optimization AB Two classical filtration models were evaluated to assess their applicability to test data obtained from filtration of a high level waste (HLW) sludge sample from the Hanford tank farms. One model was then selected for use in evaluation of the optimal feed conditions for maximizing filter throughput for the proposed waste treatment plant (WTP) at the Hanford site. This analysis indicates that an optimal feed composition does exist, but that this optimal composition is different depending upon the product (permeate or retentate) that is to be maximized. A basic premise of the WTP design had been that evaporation of the feed to 5 M Na (or higher if possible) was required to achieve optimum throughput. However, these results indicate that optimum throughput from a filtration perspective is achieved at lower sodium molarities (either 3.5 M for maximum low activity waste (LAW) throughput or 4.9 M for maximum HLW throughput). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Peterson, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM reid.peterson@pnl.gov OI Peterson, Reid/0000-0003-3368-1896 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 265 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.05.008 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 978TJ UT WOS:000232895600014 ER PT J AU Spino, J Rest, J Goll, W Walker, CT AF Spino, J Rest, J Goll, W Walker, CT TI Matrix swelling rate and cavity volume balance of UO2 fuels at high burn-up SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FISSION-GAS; URANIUM-DIOXIDE; RETAINED XENON; RE-SOLUTION; IRRADIATION; BUBBLES; RECRYSTALLIZATION; PRECIPITATION; DIFFUSION; MIGRATION AB The low temperature matrix swelling of UO2 fuels was analysed as a function of burn-up, taking into account changes in the fuel density, porosity and retained Xe concentration as measured by EPMA. The evaluation of these data combined with an analytical solution to a rate-theory model for gas-driven swelling leads to the conclusion that at average pellet burn-ups <= 60 GWd/t M the total matrix swelling rate is gradually reduced from approximate to 1% per 10 GWd/t M to approximate to 0.3% per 10 GWd/t M; the latter value being reached at an average burn-up above 110 GWd/t M. The decrease in the swelling rate is due to the progressive depletion of fission gas in the fuel matrix by thermal and athermal processes, such that at very high burn-up the matrix swelling becomes dominated by the precipitation of solid fission products. Owing to volume conservation, the volume occupied by the depleted gas is replaced by porosity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Transuranium Elements, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FRAMATOME ANP GmbH, D-91050 Erlangen, Germany. RP Spino, J (reprint author), Inst Transuranium Elements, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, POB 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM jose.spino@itu.fzk.de NR 36 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 2-3 BP 131 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.06.015 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 982IX UT WOS:000233152400005 ER PT J AU Cockeram, BV Smith, RW Snead, LL AF Cockeram, BV Smith, RW Snead, LL TI The influence of fast neutron irradiation and irradiation temperature on the tensile properties of wrought LCAC and TZM molybdenum SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SHEET TOUGHENING MECHANISM; TITANIUM-0.1 PCT ZIRCONIUM; FE-X ALLOYS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; REFRACTORY-METALS; HEAT-TREATMENT; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; EMBRITTLEMENT; DUCTILITY AB The effects of irradiation temperature on embrittlement are evaluated by the irradiation of wrought low carbon arc cast (LCAC) and TZM molybdenum in the High Flux Isotope Reactor at 294-1100 degrees C to neutron doses between 0.6 and 13.1 dpa Mo. Irradiation at 300 degrees C is shown to result in elevation of the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) from a pre-irradiated value of -100 to -50 degrees C to a post-irradiated value of 800 degrees C for both alloys with an increase in fracture stress. Irradiation at 560 degrees C also resulted in an increase in fracture stress, but the post-irradiated DBTT for LCAC (300 degrees C) was much lower than TZM (700 degrees C). Irradiation of both LCAC and TZM between 935 degrees C and 1100 degrees C resulted in little radiation hardening and a -50 degrees C DBTT for both alloys. The finer grain size and absence of coarse carbide particles may explain the slightly improved embrittlement resistance of LCAC compared to TZM for 600 degrees C irradiations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bechtel Bettis Inc, Bettis Atom Power Lab, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cockeram, BV (reprint author), Bechtel Bettis Inc, Bettis Atom Power Lab, POB 79, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. EM cockeram@bettis.gov NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.06.016 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 982IX UT WOS:000233152400006 ER PT J AU Cockeram, BV Smith, RW Snead, LL AF Cockeram, BV Smith, RW Snead, LL TI Tensile properties and fracture mode of a wrought ODS molybdenum sheet following fast neutron irradiation at temperatures ranging from 300 degrees C to 1000 degrees C SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-0.1 PCT ZIRCONIUM; FE-X ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TOUGHENING MECHANISM; REFRACTORY-METALS; HEAT-TREATMENT; TZM ALLOY; BEHAVIOR; TOUGHNESS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A commercially available wrought oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) molybdenum alloy was irradiated in the high flux isotope reactor (HFIR) at 294-936 degrees C to neutron fluences between 2.28 and 24.7 x 10(25) n/m(2) (E > 0.1 MeV) or (1.2-13.1 dpa-Mo). Irradiation of ODS molybdenum at 300 degrees C and 600 degrees C results in large increases in strength (57-173%). The DBTT for 300 degrees C-irradiated ODS Mo was 800 degrees C, which is the same as observed for low carbon are cast (LCAC) and TZM molybdenum irradiated to the same dose. The DBTT for 600 degrees C-irradiated ODS Mo was room-temperature, which is a significant improvement over the DBTT values determined for LCAC (300 degrees C) and TZM (700 degrees C) and from literature data. The micro-structural feature of small, elongated grains likely enhances the resistance of ODS to irradiation embrittlement. Irradiation of ODS Mo at 870-1000 degrees C resulted in small increases in yield strength (10-34%) with a post-irradiated DBTT comparable to non-irradiated material (-100 degrees C). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Bechtel Bettis Inc, Bettis Atom Power Lab, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cockeram, BV (reprint author), Bechtel Bettis Inc, Bettis Atom Power Lab, POB 79, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. EM cockeram@bettis.gov NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.06.020 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 982IX UT WOS:000233152400007 ER PT J AU Rest, J AF Rest, J TI A model for the effect of the progression of irradiation-induced recrystallization from initiation to completion on swelling of UO2 and U-10Mo nuclear fuels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MICROSTRUCTURE; GROWTH AB Analytical expressions are derived for the progression of recrystallization from initiation to completion, and for the swelling due to fission-gas. It is demonstrated that these phenomena can be simulated in both UO2 and in U-xMo with the same theory, albeit with various property differences. Results of the calculations are compared with available data. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rest, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jrest@anl.gov NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 2-3 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.06.012 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 982IX UT WOS:000233152400012 ER PT J AU Voinier, C Skinner, CH Roquemore, AL AF Voinier, C Skinner, CH Roquemore, AL TI Electrostatic dust detection on remote surfaces SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FUSION DEVICES; TORE-SUPRA; PLASMA; TOKAMAKS AB The inventory of dust in next-step magnetic fusion devices will be regulated for safety reasons, however diagnostics to measure in-vessel dust are still in their infancy. Advances in dust particle detection on remote surfaces are reported. Grids of interlocking circuit traces with spacing in the range 125-25 mu m were biased to 30 V. Impinging dust creates a short circuit and the resulting current pulse was recorded. The detector response was measured with particles scraped from a carbon fiber composite tile and sorted by size category. The finest 25 mu m grid showed a sensitivity more than an order of magnitude higher than the 125 mu m grid. The response to the finest particle categories (5-30 mu m) was two orders of magnitude higher than the largest (125-250 mu m) category. Longer duration current pulses were observed from the coarser particles. The results indicate a detection threshold for fine particles below 1 mu g/cm(2). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Coll New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. RP Skinner, CH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM cskinner@pppl.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 2-3 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.06.018 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 982IX UT WOS:000233152400016 ER PT J AU Adolf, DB Chambers, R AF Adolf, DB Chambers, R TI Application of a nonlinear viscoelastic model to glassy, particulate-filled polymers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fillers; thermosets; viscoelasticity; yielding ID THERMODYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT AB In previous studies, a nonlinear viscoelastic formalism for unfilled glassy polymers was developed, which employed a potential energy material clock. A wide variety of responses ranging from temperature-dependent mechanical yield to enthalpy relaxation could be predicted accurately with one physical parameter set. The current investigation assessed the applicability of this approach to highly filled polymers (over 50 vol %). The particulate composites were treated as homogeneous continua, and model parameters were extracted directly from characterization tests developed for unfilled polymers. The predictions agreed surprisingly well with experimental data. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adolf, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dbadolf@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 22 BP 3135 EP 3150 DI 10.1002/polb.20601 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 979OB UT WOS:000232953600001 ER PT J AU Chen, H Kaminski, MD Caviness, TL Guy, SG Rosengart, AJ AF Chen, H Kaminski, MD Caviness, TL Guy, SG Rosengart, AJ TI Magnetically guided targeted drug delivery across the blood brain barrier: a mathematical feasibility study SO JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th World Congress of Neurology CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-510X J9 J NEUROL SCI JI J. Neurol. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 238 SU 1 BP S388 EP S388 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 009CF UT WOS:000235088003348 ER PT J AU Chen, H Kaminski, MD Xie, Y Ebner, AD Ritter, JA Guy, SG Rosengart, AJ AF Chen, H Kaminski, MD Xie, Y Ebner, AD Ritter, JA Guy, SG Rosengart, AJ TI Magnetically guided targeted stroke therapy: a theoretical feasibility evaluation SO JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th World Congress of Neurology CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Surg Neurosurg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. IIT, Dept Biomed Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-510X J9 J NEUROL SCI JI J. Neurol. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 238 SU 1 BP S387 EP S388 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 009CF UT WOS:000235088003347 ER PT J AU Cranson, A Dinzer, M Dixon, D Hashemi, S Lasarev, M Palmer, V Pounds, J Sabri, M Spencer, P Trimpin, S Tshala-Katumbay, D AF Cranson, A Dinzer, M Dixon, D Hashemi, S Lasarev, M Palmer, V Pounds, J Sabri, M Spencer, P Trimpin, S Tshala-Katumbay, D TI Probing molecular mechanisms of CNS-PNS axonopathy SO JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th World Congress of Neurology CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-510X J9 J NEUROL SCI JI J. Neurol. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 238 SU 1 BP S180 EP S180 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 009CF UT WOS:000235088001336 ER PT J AU Xie, Y Kaminski, M Mertz, C Finck, M Guy, S Rosengart, A AF Xie, Y Kaminski, M Mertz, C Finck, M Guy, S Rosengart, A TI Design and development of a novel magnetically guided tPA delivery systern for stroke therapy SO JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th World Congress of Neurology CY NOV 05-11, 2005 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-510X J9 J NEUROL SCI JI J. Neurol. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 238 SU 1 BP S453 EP S454 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 009CF UT WOS:000235088004139 ER PT J AU Vianco, P Bryant, G Hlava, P Zender, G AF Vianco, P Bryant, G Hlava, P Zender, G TI Interface reactions between 50In-50Pb solder and electroplated Au layers SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micromechanics of Advanced Materials held in Honour of James C M Lis 80th Birthday held at the TMS 2004 Annual Meeting CY NOV, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE Au-In solder; electroplated Au; intermetallic compounds ID COPPER; GROWTH AB Solid-state interface reactions were investigated when Cu-Fe alloy leads were attached to an electroplated An layer using 50In-50Pb (wt.%) solder. Two An layers of different plating process quality were studied. The annealing temperatures were 70, 100, 135, and 170 degrees C and the times were 1-2000 h. The dominant reaction layer was a composite of (Au, Cu)In-2 IMC and Pb-rich phases. A Au9In4 layer remained < 2 mu m in most specimens. Linear rate kinetics (0.8 < n < 1.2) were observed, indicating an interface-controlled mechanism. The mean apparent activation energy, Delta H, was 56 < Delta H < 73 kJ/mol. The Au(9)Iu(4), layer growth kinetics parameters were 0.5 < n < 0.9 and 45 < Delta H < 80 kJ/mol, respectively, suggesting a contribution by grain boundary diffusion. Annealing at 100 degrees C caused significant degradation to the interconnections through extensive void growth, more so for the poor plating process. Void development began with small Kirkendall voids at the In-Pb/Au interface caused by differing diffusion rates of Au and In through the IMC layer. That initial process was sensitive to the An layer quality. Void enlargement was caused by a dissociation of the (Au, Cu)In-2 LMC and Pb-rich phases in the absence of An flux; this process was insensitive to An layer quality. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vianco, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ptvianc@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.06.069 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LS UT WOS:000234033900027 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Langdon, TG AF Zhu, YT Langdon, TG TI Influence of grain size on deformation mechanisms: An extension to nanocrystalline materials SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micomechanics of Advanced Materials held in Honour of James C M Lis 80th Birthday held at the TMS 2004 Annual Meeting CY NOV, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE creep; deformation mechanisms; grain size; nanostructured materials; twinning ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HARPER-DORN CREEP; SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; HALL-PETCH RELATION; STEADY-STATE CREEP; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; THERMAL-STABILITY; DISLOCATION CLIMB AB The deformation mechanisms occurring in coarse-grained polycrystalline materials are now understood reasonably well The primary deformation processes are associated with the intragranular movement of dislocations either through crystallographic slip at low temperatures or through a combination of dislocation climb and glide at high temperatures. Intergranular processes become important in polycrystalline materials with small Grain sizes including stress-directed vacancy diffusion and grain boundary sliding. It has been shown using molecular dynamic simulations, and confirmed in experiments, that different processes may become important when the grain size is reduced to the nanometer level. Partial dislocation emission from grain boundaries becomes a dominant process at grain sizes of 10-50 nm and this leads to the formation of deformation twins even in materials with high stacking-fault energies such as aluminum. Grain boundary sliding also becomes dominant at grain sizes below similar to 10 nm at low temperatures. This paper examines the influence of grain size on the deformation mechanisms in polycrystalline materials with special emphasis on the new mechanisms that become important at the nanocrystalline level. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Zhu, YT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI Langdon, Terence/B-1487-2008; Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422 NR 87 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.111 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LS UT WOS:000234033900034 ER PT J AU Cao, BY Lassila, DH Schneider, MS Kad, BK Huang, CX Xu, YB Kalantar, DH Remington, BA Meyers, MA AF Cao, BY Lassila, DH Schneider, MS Kad, BK Huang, CX Xu, YB Kalantar, DH Remington, BA Meyers, MA TI Effect of shock compression method on the defect substructure in monocrystalline copper SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Micomechanics of Advanced Materials held in Honour of James C M Lis 80th Birthday held at the TMS 2004 Annual Meeting CY NOV, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP TMS DE laser; shock compression; plate impact; shear localization in copper; shock waves; explosives ID DEFORMED METALS; STRESS; JETS AB Monocrystalline copper samples with orientations of [001] and [221] were shocked at pressures ranging from 20 to 60 GPa using two techniques: direct drive lasers and explosively driven flyer plates. The pulse duration for these techniques differed substantially: 40 ns for the laser experiments at 0.5 mm into the sample and 1.1 similar to 1.4 mu s for the flyer-plate experiments at 5 mm into the sample. The residual microstructures were dependent on orientation, pressure, and shocking method. The much shorter pulse duration in the laser driven shock yielded microstructures in recovery samples closer to those generated at the shock front. For the flyer-plate experiments, the longer pulse duration allows shock-generated defects to reorganize into lower energy configurations. Calculations show that the post-shock cooling for the laser driven shock is 10(3 similar to)10(4) faster than that for plate-impact shock, increasing the amount of annealing and recrystallization in recovery samples for the latter. At the higher pressure level, extensive recrystallization was observed in the plate-impact samples, while it was absent in laser driven shock. An effect that is proposed to contribute significantly to the formation of recrystallized regions is the existence of micro-shear-bands, which increase the local temperature beyond the prediction from adiabatic compression. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Inst Met, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. RP Meyers, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mat Sci & Engn Program, 9500 Gilman Dr,UCSD 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mameyers@mae.ucsd.edu RI Cao, Buyang/A-6136-2010; Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 409 IS 1-2 BP 270 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.06.076 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 994LS UT WOS:000234033900038 ER PT J AU Schreyer, HL Maudlin, PJ AF Schreyer, HL Maudlin, PJ TI Thermodynamically consistent relations involving plasticity, internal energy and thermal effects SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; thermal plasticity; dislocation density; metal constitutive equations ID MODEL; WORK AB Experimental data associated with plastic deformations indicate that the temperature is less than that predicted from dissipation based on plastic work. To obtain reasonable correlation between theoretical and experimental results, the plastic work is often multiplied by a constant beta. This paper provides an alternative thermodynamic framework in which it is proposed that there is an additional internal energy associated with dislocation pile-up or increase in dislocation density. The form of this internal energy follows from experimental data that relates flow stress to dislocation density and to equivalent plastic strain. The result is that beta is not a constant but a derived function. Representative results for beta and temperature as functions of effective plastic strain are provided for both an uncoupled and a coupled thermoplastic theory. In addition to providing features that are believed to be representative of many metals, the formulation can be used as a basis for more advanced theories such as those needed for large deformations and general forms of internal energy. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schreyer, HL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM schreyer@me.unm.edu NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 363 IS 1836 BP 2517 EP 2541 DI 10.1098/rsta.2005.1585 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 980TI UT WOS:000233040700003 PM 16243704 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, CJO Reichhardt, C TI Rectification and flux reversals for vortices interacting with triangular traps SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; VORTEX DYNAMICS; REGULAR ARRAY; LATTICES; DEFECTS; MOTION; QUANTA; STATES AB We simulate vortices in superconductors interacting with two-dimensional arrays of triangular traps. We find that, upon application of an ac drive, a net de flow can occur which shows current reversals with increasing ac drive amplitude for certain vortex densities, in agreement with recent experiments and theoretical predictions. We identify the vortex dynamics responsible for the different rectification regimes. We also predict the occurrence of a novel transverse rectification effect in which a dc flow appears that is transverse to the direction of the applied ac drive. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-12,MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjrx@lanl.gov NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 432 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.07.017 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 996GW UT WOS:000234163400003 ER PT J AU Wilke, RHT Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Finnemore, DK Hannahs, ST AF Wilke, RHT Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Finnemore, DK Hannahs, ST TI Synthesis of Mg(B1-xCx)(2) powders SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MgB2; carbon doping; upper critical field ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; CARBON-SUBSTITUTED MGB2; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; WIRE SEGMENTS; BULK MGB2; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CHEMISTRY AB We have synthesized bulk Mg(B1-xCx)(2) from a mixture of elemental Mg, B, and the binary compound B4C. Carbon incorporation was dramatically improved by a two step reaction process at an elevated temperature of 1200 degrees C. This reaction process results in a solubility limit near x similar to 0.07. We found that impurities in the starting B cause an additive suppression of T-c. We combine these data with Tc and H-c2(T = 0) data from CVD wires as well as plasma spray synthesized powders and present a unifying H-c2 and T-c versus x plot. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Wilke, RHT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wilke@iastate.edu RI Hannahs, Scott/B-1274-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Hannahs, Scott/0000-0002-5840-7714; NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 432 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.08.007 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 996GW UT WOS:000234163400012 ER PT J AU Homes, CC AF Homes, CC TI Optical properties along the c axis of YBa2Cu3O6+x, for x = 0.50 -> 0.95: Evolution of the pseudogap (vol 254, pg 265, 1995) SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Correction C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Homes, CC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM homes@bill.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 432 IS 3-4 BP 316 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2005.10.016 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 996GW UT WOS:000234163400029 ER PT J AU Sondermann, H Nagar, B Bar-Sagi, D Kuriyan, J AF Sondermann, H Nagar, B Bar-Sagi, D Kuriyan, J TI Computational docking and solution x-ray scattering predict a membrane-interacting role for the histone domain of the Ras activator son of sevenless SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE histone fold; membrane interaction; small-angle x-ray scattering; signal transduction; structure ID PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; EXCHANGE FACTOR SOS; INTRAMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; STRUCTURAL BASIS; PROTEIN DOCKING; N-TERMINUS; 1 MSOS1; BINDING AB The Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factor son of sevenless (SOS) is a large, multidomain protein with complex regulation, including a Ras-dependent allosteric mechanism. The N-terminal segment of SOS, the histone domain, contains two histone folds, which is highly unusual for a cytoplasmic protein. Using a combination of computational docking, small-angle x-ray scattering, mutagenesis, and calorimetry, we show that the histone domain folds into the rest of SOS and docks onto a helical linker that connects the pleckstrin-homology (PH) and Dbl-homology (DH) domains of SOS to the catalytic domain. In this model, a positively charged surface region on the histone domain is positioned so as to provide a fourth potential anchorage site on the membrane for SOS in addition to the PH domain, the allosteric Ras molecule, and the C-terminal adapter-binding site. The histone domain in SOS interacts with the helical linker, using a region of the surface that in mucleosomes is involved in histone tetramerization. Adjacent surface elements on the histone domain that correspond to the DNA-binding surface of nucleosomes form the predicted interaction site with the membrane. The orientation and position of the histone domain in the SOS model implicates it as a potential mediator of membrane-dependent activation signals. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@berkeley.edu RI Nagar, Bhushan/C-1297-2010 NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 46 BP 16632 EP 16637 DI 10.1073/pnas.0508315102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 986PT UT WOS:000233462900021 PM 16267129 ER PT J AU Sulchek, TA Friddle, RW Langry, K Lau, EY Albrecht, H Ratto, TV DeNardo, SJ Colvin, ME Noy, A AF Sulchek, TA Friddle, RW Langry, K Lau, EY Albrecht, H Ratto, TV DeNardo, SJ Colvin, ME Noy, A TI Dynamic force spectroscopy of parallel individual Mucin1-antibody bonds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; multivalency; radioimmunmotherapy; binding affinity ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MUC1 EXPRESSION; SINGLE-MOLECULE; CELL-LINES; ADHESION; RECOGNITION; MICROSCOPY; ANTIBODIES; STABILITY; FRAGMENTS AB We used atomic force microscopy to measure the binding forces between Mucin1 (MUC1) peptide and a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody selected from a scFv library screened against MUC1. This binding interaction is central to the design of molecules used for targeted delivery of radioimmunotherapeutic agents for prostate and breast cancer treatment. Our experiments separated the specific binding interaction from nonspecific interactions by tethering the antibody and MUC1 molecules to the atomic force microscope tip and sample surface with flexible polymer spacers. Rupture force magnitude and elastic characteristics of the spacers allowed identification of the rupture events corresponding to different numbers of interacting proteins. We used dynamic force spectroscopy to estimate the intermolecular potential widths and equivalent thermodynamic off rates for monovalent, bivalent, and trivalent interactions. Measured interaction potential parameters agree with the results of molecular docking simulation. Our results demonstrate that an increase of the interaction valency leads to a precipitous decline in the dissociation rate. Binding forces measured for monovalent and multivalent interactions match the predictions of a Markovian model for the strength of multiple uncorrelated bonds in a parallel configuration. Our approach is promising for comparison of the specific effects of molecular modifications as well as for determination of the best configuration of antibody-based multivalent targeting agents. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95343 USA. RP Noy, A (reprint author), L-234,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noy1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47829, P01 CA047829] NR 47 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 4 U2 57 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 46 BP 16638 EP 16643 DI 10.1073/pnas.0505208102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 986PT UT WOS:000233462900022 PM 16269547 ER PT J AU Brewer, SH Vu, DM Tang, YF Li, Y Franzen, S Raleigh, DP Dyer, RB AF Brewer, SH Vu, DM Tang, YF Li, Y Franzen, S Raleigh, DP Dyer, RB TI Effect of modulating unfolded state structure on the folding kinetics of the villin headpiece subdomain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE protein folding; Fourier transform IR; temperature jump; diffusion collision ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSION-COLLISION MODEL; BUNDLE PROTEINS; NMR STRUCTURE; HELIX; PEPTIDE; CONFORMATION; SECONDARY; SCALE AB Equilibrium Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and temperature-jump (T-jump) IR spectroscopic techniques were used to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of the unfolding and folding of the villin headpiece helical subdomain (HP36), a small three-helix protein. A double phenylalanine mutant (HP36 F47L, F51L) that destabilizes the hydrophobic core of this protein also was studied. The double mutant is less stable than wild type (WT) and has been shown to contain less residual secondary structure and tertiary contacts in its unfolded state. The relaxation kinetics after a T-jump perturbation were studied for both HP36 and HP36 F47L, F51L. Both proteins exhibited biphasic relaxation kinetics in response to a T-jump. The folding times for the WT (3.23 mu s at 60.2 degrees C) and double phenylalanine mutant (3.01 mu s at 49.9 degrees C) at the approximate midpoints of their thermal unfolding transitions were found to be similar. The folding time for the WT was determined to be 3.34 mu s at 49.9 degrees C, similar to the folding time of the double phenylalanine mutant at that temperature. The double phenylalanine mutant, however, unfolds faster with an unfolding time of 3.01 mu s compared with 6.97 mu s for the WT at 49.9 degrees C. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Raleigh, DP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Grp B-4,Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM draleigh@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; bdyer@lanl.gov RI Tang, Yuefeng/B-3689-2010 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM054233, GM53640, GM54233, R01 GM053640, R29 GM054233] NR 34 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 46 BP 16662 EP 16667 DI 10.1073/pnas.0505432102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 986PT UT WOS:000233462900026 PM 16269546 ER PT J AU Pelton, JG Shi, JX Yokota, H Kim, R Wemmer, DE AF Pelton, JG Shi, JX Yokota, H Kim, R Wemmer, DE TI NMR structure of hypothetical protein MG354 from Mycoplasma genitalium SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Amgen Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Wemmer, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dewemmer@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62412] NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 666 EP 668 DI 10.1002/prot.20495 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 980PF UT WOS:000233029800023 PM 16184596 ER PT J AU Jaroszewski, L Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Abdubek, P Agarwalla, S Ambing, E Axelrod, H Biorac, T Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hale, J Hampton, E Han, GW Haugen, J Hornsby, M Klock, HE Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Miller, MD Moy, K Nigoghossian, E Paulsen, J Quijano, K Reyes, R Rife, C Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J White, A Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA AF Jaroszewski, L Schwarzenbacher, R McMullan, D Abdubek, P Agarwalla, S Ambing, E Axelrod, H Biorac, T Canaves, JM Chiu, HJ Deacon, AM DiDonato, M Elsliger, MA Godzik, A Grittini, C Grzechnik, SK Hale, J Hampton, E Han, GW Haugen, J Hornsby, M Klock, HE Koesema, E Kreusch, A Kuhn, P Lesley, SA Miller, MD Moy, K Nigoghossian, E Paulsen, J Quijano, K Reyes, R Rife, C Spraggon, G Stevens, RC van den Bedem, H Velasquez, J Vincent, J White, A Wolf, G Xu, QP Hodgson, KO Wooley, J Wilson, IA TI Crystal structure of Hsp33 chaperone (TM1394) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.20 angstrom resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; GEOMETRY C1 Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Novartis Res Fdn, Genom Inst, San Diego, CA USA. RP Wilson, IA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, BCC206,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wilson@scripps.edu RI Godzik, Adam/A-7279-2009 OI Godzik, Adam/0000-0002-2425-852X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM62411] NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3 BP 669 EP 673 DI 10.1002/prot.20542 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 980PF UT WOS:000233029800024 PM 16167343 ER PT J AU Hush, D Scovel, C AF Hush, D Scovel, C TI Concentration of the hypergeometric distribution SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hypergeometric; concentration; measure; sampling AB In this paper we provide an improved concentration of measure theorem for the hypergeometric distribution. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Scovel, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, CCS-3,Mail Stop B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dhush@lanl.gov; jcs@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD NOV 15 PY 2005 VL 75 IS 2 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.spl.2005.05.019 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 981GF UT WOS:000233074900007 ER PT J AU Beleggia, M Zhu, Y Tandon, S De Graef, M AF Beleggia, M Zhu, Y Tandon, S De Graef, M TI Shape-induced ferromagnetic ordering in a triangular array of magnetized disks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIPOLAR FERROMAGNETISM; NANOPARTICLES; TRANSITION; DOTS; FE AB A magnetic transition induced by shape anisotropy, geometry, and dipolar interactions has been found in a system of three single domain thin disks. The phase transition occurs only when the disks are in close proximity, and for a narrow range of aspect ratios. Near the transition, the system has an abrupt change from a closure-domain state with zero net magnetization to a magnetized state. The transition can be detected by changes in the hysteresis loops. Micromagnetic simulations with realistic parameters confirm the establishment of ferromagnetic ordering. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Beleggia, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM beleggia@bnl.gov RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 20 AR 202504 DI 10.1063/1.2131181 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 983PC UT WOS:000233243600050 ER PT J AU Kim, JW Kreyssig, A Tan, L Wermeille, D Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Goldman, AI AF Kim, JW Kreyssig, A Tan, L Wermeille, D Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Goldman, AI TI Imaging antiferromagnetic domains in GdNi2Ge2 with x-ray resonant magnetic scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION; CHROMIUM; RNI2GE2 AB We describe investigations of antiferromagnetic domains by resonant magnetic diffraction using linearly polarized x rays at the L-2 edge of Gd in GdNi2Ge2. Studies of single domains and images of these domains provide details of the magnetic transition from a collinear antiferromagnetic structure for 16 K < T < 27.5 K to a spiral structure for T < 16 K. This technique may be used to discriminate between antiferromagnetic domains that differ in their modulation or moment direction, and between the ordering of different magnetic species. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, JW (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM goldman@ameslab.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 20 AR 202505 DI 10.1063/1.2132534 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 983PC UT WOS:000233243600051 ER PT J AU Kopidakis, N Neale, NR Zhu, K van de Lagemaat, J Frank, AJ AF Kopidakis, N Neale, NR Zhu, K van de Lagemaat, J Frank, AJ TI Spatial location of transport-limiting traps in TiO2 nanoparticle films in dye-sensitized solar cells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION AB The dependence of the electron diffusion coefficient and photoinduced electron density on the internal surface area of TiO2 nanoparticle films in dye-sensitized solar cells was investigated by photocurrent transient measurements. The internal surface area was varied by altering the average particle size of the films. The density of electron traps in the films is found to change in direct proportion with the internal surface area, indicating that the traps are located predominately at the surface of TiO2 particles instead of in the bulk of the particles or at interparticle grain boundaries. The observed scaling of the electron diffusion coefficient with the internal surface area suggests that surface traps limit transport in TiO2 nanoparticle films. These results address a long-standing issue in the understanding of electron transport in dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kopidakis, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM nikos_kopidakis@nrel.go; afrank@nrel.gov RI van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015 NR 14 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 20 AR 202106 DI 10.1063/1.2130723 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 983PC UT WOS:000233243600040 ER PT J AU Sun, HP Pan, XP Graham, GW Jen, HW McCabe, RW Thevuthasan, S Peden, CHF AF Sun, HP Pan, XP Graham, GW Jen, HW McCabe, RW Thevuthasan, S Peden, CHF TI Partial encapsulation of Pd particles by reduced ceria-zirconia SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUTOMOTIVE EXHAUST CATALYSTS; METAL-CLUSTERS; MIXED OXIDES; SUPPORT; FILMS; MICROSCOPY; EELS AB Direct observation of metal-oxide interfaces with atomic resolution can be achieved by cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Using this approach to study the response of a model, single-crystal thin film automotive exhaust-gas catalyst, Pd particles supported on the (111) ceria-zirconia (CZO) surface, to a redox cycle, we have found two distinct processes for the partial encapsulation of the Pd particles by the reduced CZO surface that depend on their relative crystallographic orientations. In the case of the preferred orientation found for Pd particles on CZO, Pd(111)[110]//CZO(111)[110], a flat and sharp metal/oxide interface was maintained upon reduction, while ceria-zirconia from the adjacent surface tended to accumulate on and around the Pd particle. In rare cases, Pd particles with other orientations tended to sink into the oxide support upon reduction. Possible mechanisms for these encapsulation processes are proposed. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ford Motor Co, Res Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pan, XP (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM panx@umich.edu NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 20 AR 201915 DI 10.1063/1.2132067 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 983PC UT WOS:000233243600032 ER PT J AU Wixom, RR Wright, AF AF Wixom, RR Wright, AF TI H enhancement of N vacancy migration in GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; NATIVE DEFECTS; HYDROGEN AB We have used density functional theory to investigate diffusion of V-N(+) in the presence of H+. Optimal migration pathways were determined using the climbing image nudged elastic band and directed dimer methods. Our calculations indicate that the rate-limiting barrier for V-N(+) migration will be reduced by 0.58 eV by interplay with H+, which will enhance migration by more than an order of magnitude at typical GaN growth temperatures. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rrwixom@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 20 AR 201901 DI 10.1063/1.2130389 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 983PC UT WOS:000233243600018 ER PT J AU Johnson, KS Zuberi, B Molina, LT Molina, MJ Iedema, MJ Cowin, JP Gaspar, DJ Wang, C Laskin, A AF Johnson, KS Zuberi, B Molina, LT Molina, MJ Iedema, MJ Cowin, JP Gaspar, DJ Wang, C Laskin, A TI Processing of soot in an urban environment: case study from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BOUNDARY-LAYER EVOLUTION; SINGLE-PARTICLE ANALYSIS; BLACK CARBON; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FINE PARTICLES; AIR-POLLUTION; MIXING STATE; HEXANE SOOT AB Chemical composition, size, and mixing state of atmospheric particles are critical in determining their effects on the environment. There is growing evidence that soot aerosols play a particularly important role in both climate and human health, but still relatively little is known of their physical and chemical nature. In addition, the atmospheric residence times and removal mechanisms for soot are neither well understood nor adequately represented in regional and global climate models. To investigate the effect of locality and residence time on properties of soot and mixing state in a polluted urban environment, particles of diameter 0.2 - 2.0 mu m were collected in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the MCMA-2003 Field Campaign from various sites within the city. Individual particle analysis by different electron microscopy methods coupled with energy dispersed x-ray spectroscopy, and secondary ionization mass spectrometry show that freshly-emitted soot particles become rapidly processed in the MCMA. Whereas fresh particulate emissions from mixed-traffic are almost entirely carbonaceous, consisting of soot aggregates with liquid coatings suggestive of unburned lubricating oil and water, ambient soot particles which have been processed for less than a few hours are heavily internally mixed, primarily with ammonium sulfate. Single particle analysis suggests that this mixing occurs through several mechanisms that require further investigation. In light of previously published results, the internally-mixed nature of processed soot particles is expected to affect heterogeneous chemistry on the soot surface, including interaction with water during wet-removal. C1 MIT, Dept Chem & Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, KS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem & Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kirstenj@mit.edu RI Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 75 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 7 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 3033 EP 3043 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 984PS UT WOS:000233317400001 ER PT J AU Hardman, NJ Fang, XG Scott, BL Wright, RJ Martin, RL Kubas, GJ AF Hardman, NJ Fang, XG Scott, BL Wright, RJ Martin, RL Kubas, GJ TI High-spin diimine complexes of iron(II) reject binding of carbon monoxide: Theoretical analysis of thermodynamic factors inhibiting or favoring spin-crossover SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; ONLY HYDROGENASE; LIGAND; FE; CO; SITE; REACTIVITY; DONOR; MODEL AB A new series of Fe(II) complexes, FeCl2{N(R)=C(Me)C(Me)=N(R)}, containing diimine ligands with hemilabile sidearms R (R = CH2(CH2)(2)NMe2, 1, CH2(CH2)(2)OMe, 2, CH2(CH2)(2)SMe), 3) were synthesized. The crystal structure of 1 showed 6-coordination where both amine arms were attached, whereas 2 was a 5-coordinate 16e species with one methoxy arm dangling free. Extensive attempts were made to bind CO to these species to synthesize precursors for dihydrogen complexes but were unsuccessful. Reaction of I with 1 or 2 equiv of AgOTf under CO atmosphere resulted in isolation of only a 6-coordinate bis(triflate)-containing product [Fe{N(R)=C(Me)C(Me)= N(R)}(OTf)(2)] (R = CH2(CH2)(2)NMe2), 5. Reaction of 5-coordinate 2 with AgSbF6 under CO did not give a CO adduct but afforded instead a dicationic dinuclear complex [Fe{N(R)=C(Me)C(Me)=N(R)}(mu-Cl)](2)[SbF6](2) (R = CH2(CH2)(2)OMe), 4, containing a weakly bound SbF6. Thus coordination of hard-donor anions to iron was favored over CO binding. The unexpected rejection of binding of CO is rationalized by the iron being in a high-spin state in this system and energetically incapable of spin crossover to a low-spin state. Theoretical calculations on CO interaction with Fe(II) centers in spin states S = 0, 1, and 2 for both the 16e complexes and their CO adducts aid further understanding of this problem. They show that interaction of CO with a high-spin 5-coordinate Fe model diimine complex is essentially thermoneutral but is exergonic by about 48 kcal/mol to a comparable but low-spin diphosphine fragment. Spin crossover is thus disfavored thermodynamically rather than kinetically (e.g. a "spin block" effect); i.e., the ligand field strengths of the primarily N-donor groups are apparently insufficient to give a low-spin CO adduct. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Martin, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS-J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rlmartin@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 23 BP 8306 EP 8316 DI 10.1021/ic050966h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 982RZ UT WOS:000233180600025 PM 16270969 ER PT J AU Dey, A Roche, CL Walters, MA Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Dey, A Roche, CL Walters, MA Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI TI Sulfur K-edge XAS and DFT calculations on [Fe4S4](2+) clusters: Effects of H-bonding and structural distortion on covalency and spin topology SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM; REDOX POTENTIALS; MODEL COMPLEXES; HYDROGEN-BONDS; SPECTROSCOPY; FERREDOXIN; DELOCALIZATION; PROTEIN AB Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a hydrogen-bonded elongated [Fe4S4](2+) cube is reported. The data show that this synthetic cube is less covalent than a normal compressed cube with no hydrogen bonding. DFT calculations reveal that the observed difference in electronic structure has significant contributions from both the cluster distortion and from hydrogen bonding. The elongated and compressed Fe4S4 structures are found to have different spin topologies (i.e., orientation of the delocalized Fe2S2 subclusters which are antiferromagnetically coupled to each other). It is suggested that the H-bonding interaction with the counterion does not contribute to the cluster elongation. A magneto-structural correlation is developed for the Fe4S4 cube that is used to identify the redoxactive Fe2S2 subdusters in active sites of HiPIP and ferredoxin proteins involving these clusters. C1 NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94302 USA. RP Walters, MA (reprint author), NYU, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM marc.walters@nyu.edu; Hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; Hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; Edward.solomon@stanford.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-01209] NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 23 BP 8349 EP 8354 DI 10.1021/ic050981m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 982RZ UT WOS:000233180600029 PM 16270973 ER PT J AU Ferrante, F Gagliardi, L Bursten, BE Sattelberger, AP AF Ferrante, F Gagliardi, L Bursten, BE Sattelberger, AP TI Multiconfigurational theoretical study of the octamethylidimetalates of Cr(II), Mo(II), W(II), and Re(III): Revisiting the correlation between the M-M bond length and the delta ->delta* transition energy SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 2ND-ORDER PERTURBATION-THEORY; ELECTRONIC-SPECTRUM; CHROMIUM(II); STABILITY AB Four compounds containing metal-metal quadruple bonds, the [M-2(CH3)(8)](n-) ions (M = Cr, Mo, W, Re and n = 4, 4, 4, 2, respectively), have been studied theoretically using multiconfigurational quantum-chemical methods. The molecular structure of the ground state of these compounds has been determined and the energy of the delta -> delta* transition has been calculated and compared with previous experimental measurements. The high negative charges on the Cr, Mo, and W complexes lead to difficulties in the successful modeling of the ground-state structures, a problem that has been addressed by the explicit inclusion of four Li+ ions in these calculations. The ground-state geometries of the complexes and the delta -> delta* transition have been modeled with either excellent agreement with experiment (Re) or satisfactory agreement (Cr, Mo, and W). C1 Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Chim Fis F Accascina, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gagliardi, L (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Chim Fis F Accascina, Viale Sci Parco Orleans 2, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. EM laura.gagliardi@unipa.it RI Ferrante, Francesco/B-7526-2012 NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 23 BP 8476 EP 8480 DI 10.1021/ic050406i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 982RZ UT WOS:000233180600042 PM 16270986 ER PT J AU Oberstedt, S Oberstedt, A Rochman, D Gonnenwein, F Tsekhanovich, I Becker, J Sartz, A Bax, H Hambsch, RJ Raman, S AF Oberstedt, S Oberstedt, A Rochman, D Gonnenwein, F Tsekhanovich, I Becker, J Sartz, A Bax, H Hambsch, RJ Raman, S TI Light charged particle emission in the reaction Cf-251(n(th), f) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR REACTIONS Cf-251(n(th), f); ternary fission, light charged particle emission yields, energy distributions ID REACTIONS TH-229(N(TH),F); TERNARY PARTICLES; PU-239(N(TH),F); U-233(N(TH),F); FISSION; YIELDS AB High resolution measurements of light charged particles (LCP) emitted in thermal neutron-induced fission of Cf-252* (E* = 6.2 MeV) have been performed with the recoil mass-separator LOHEN-GRIN. For this compound nuclear system emission yields of LCPs, their mean kinetic energies and widths have been obtained for 8 isotopes with nuclear charges Z >= 2. For 13 further isotopes the emission yields were estimated on the basis of systematics on their kinetic energy distributions. (34)A1 and Si-36 emission has been observed for the first time in thermal neutron-induced fission. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Univ Orebro, Inst Naturvetenskap, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden. Univ Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Berg Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, FB Phys, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. EC JRC, IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oberstedt, S (reprint author), Inst Laue Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM stephan.oberstedt@cec.eu.int RI Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; OI Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 761 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.07.006 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 977PT UT WOS:000232816400001 ER PT J AU Beane, SR Savage, MJ AF Beane, SR Savage, MJ TI DWS-dissociation of the deuteron and the EMC effect SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; TWIST-2 OPERATORS; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; SCATTERING; DVCS AB The break-up of the deuteron during deeply-virtual Compton scattering, y*d -> y(*)np, is explored. In the effective field theory describing nucleon dynamics at momenta below the pion mass, the EMC effect results from four-nucleon interactions with the twist-2 operators, appropriate for describing forward, and near-forward, matrix elements in the two-nucleon system. We point out that the break-up of the deuteron to low-energy final states during deeply-virtual Compton scattering is a process with which to explore strong-interaction physics closely related to that responsible for the EMC effect. The single-nucleon contribution to the break-up depends on the moments of the spin-dependent structure functions and contributions from local four-nucleon operators. Experimental deviations from the single-nucleon prediction would provide a probe of strong interactions complimentary to the EMC effect. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Beane, SR (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM silas@physics.unh.edu NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 761 IS 3-4 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.07.018 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 977PT UT WOS:000232816400005 ER PT J AU Kashani-Poor, AK Tomasiello, A AF Kashani-Poor, AK Tomasiello, A TI A stringy test of flux-induced isometry gauging SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID CALABI-YAU SPACES; UNIVERSAL HYPERMULTIPLET; N=2 SUPERGRAVITY; LOOP CORRECTIONS; D-INSTANTONS; II THEORIES; SUPERMEMBRANE; COUPLINGS; MANIFOLDS; VACUA AB Supergravity analysis suggests that the effect of fluxes in string theory compactifications is to gauge isometries of the scalar manifold. However, isometrics are generically broken by brane instanton effects. Here we demonstrate how fluxes protect exactly those isometries from quantum corrections which are gauged according to the classical supergravity analysis. We also argue that all other isometries are generically broken. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, ITP, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kashani-Poor, AK (reprint author), SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kashani@slac.stanford.edu RI Tomasiello, Alessandro/J-1326-2014 OI Tomasiello, Alessandro/0000-0002-5772-5729 NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 728 IS 1-3 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.08.040 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 979AE UT WOS:000232913700008 ER PT J AU Burckel, DB Brueck, SRJ AF Burckel, DB Brueck, SRJ TI Generalized transverse Bragg waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION; WAVEGUIDES; LASERS AB A coupled- mode analysis of 2- D generalized transverse Bragg waveguides ( GTBW) with tilted distributed Bragg reflectors is presented. As a result of the absence of inversion symmetry about a plane perpendicular to the guiding stripe, the modes supported by these guides are not separable into the familiar form of transverse standing wave and longitudinal traveling- wave components. This fundamental change in the modal description yields new and potentially useful guided- mode behavior. Expressions for the spatial distribution of the optical field, phase and group velocity, and the dispersion relation as well as applications of GTBW are presented. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Burckel, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM brueck@chtm.unm.edu RI Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; OI Brueck, Steven/0000-0001-8754-5633 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD NOV 14 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 23 BP 9202 EP 9210 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.009202 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 984VY UT WOS:000233334900008 PM 19503119 ER PT J AU Song, P Russell, CT Gosling, JT Thomsen, MF Elphic, RC AF Song, P Russell, CT Gosling, JT Thomsen, MF Elphic, RC TI Comment on "Steady state slow shock inside the Earth's magnetosheath: To be or not to be? 1. The original observation revisited'' by D. Hubert and A. Samsonov SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MAGNETOPAUSE C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Song, P (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, 600 Suffolk St, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM paul_song@uml.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A11 AR A11210 DI 10.1029/2005JA011161 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 985DT UT WOS:000233357100012 ER PT J AU Corn, JE Pease, PJ Hura, GL Berger, JM AF Corn, JE Pease, PJ Hura, GL Berger, JM TI Crosstalk between primase subunits can act to regulate primer synthesis in trans SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI PRIMASE; COORDINATED LEADING-STRAND; BACTERIOPHAGE T7 PRIMASE; RAY SOLUTION SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; DNA-REPLICATION FORK; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING DOMAIN; BACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; HELICASE AB The coordination of primase function within the replisome is an essential but poorly understood feature of lagging strand synthesis. By using crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we show that functional elements of bacterial primase transition between two dominant conformations: an extended form that uncouples a regulatory domain from its associated RNA polymerase core and a compact state that sequesters the regulatory region from the site of primer synthesis. FRET studies and priming assays reveal that the regulatory domain of one primase subunit productively associates with nucleic acid that is bound to the polymerase domain of a second protomer in trans. This intersubunit interaction allows primase to select initiation sites on template DNA and implicates the regulatory domain as a "molecular brake" that restricts primer length. Our data suggest that the replisome may cooperatively use multiple primases and this conformational switch to control initiation frequency, processivity, and ultimately, Okazaki fragment synthesis. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berger, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jmberger@calmail.berkeley.edu OI Corn, Jacob/0000-0002-7798-5309 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA92584]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM071747] NR 45 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 391 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.09.004 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 985OB UT WOS:000233386300006 PM 16285921 ER PT J AU Panaitescu, A AF Panaitescu, A TI Jets, structured outflows and energy injection in gamma-ray burst afterglows: Numerical modelling SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; shock waves; ISM : jets and outflows; gamma-rays : bursts ID EARLY OPTICAL-EMISSION; GRB 970508; RADIO AFTERGLOW; LIGHT CURVES; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; BAND OBSERVATIONS; VIEWING ANGLE; MASSIVE STARS; HOST GALAXY; FOLLOW-UP AB We investigate numerically the ability of three models (jet, structured outflow and energy injection) to accommodate the optical light-curve breaks observed in 10 gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows (980519, 990123, 990510, 991216, 000301c, 000926, 010222, 011211, 020813 and 030226), as well as the relative intensities of the radio, optical and X-ray emissions of these afterglows. We find that the jet and structured outflow models fare much better than energy injection model in accommodating the multiwavelength data of the above 10 afterglows. For the first two models, a uniform circumburst medium provides a better fit to the optical light-curve break than a wind-like medium with a r(-2) stratification. However, in the only two cases where the energy injection model may be at work, a wind medium is favoured (an energy injection is also possible in a third case, the afterglow 970508, whose optical emission exhibited a sharp rise, but not a steepening decay). The best-fitting parameters obtained with the jet model indicate an outflow energy of 2 x 1050 to 6 x 1050 ergs and a jet opening of 2 degrees-3 degrees. Structured outflows with a quasi-uniform core have a core angular size of 0.degrees 7-1 degrees and an energy per solid angle of 0.5 x 10(53) to 3 x 10(53) erg sr(-1), surrounded by an envelope where this energy falls off roughly as theta(-2) with angle from the outflow axis, requiring thus the same energy budget as jets. Circumburst densities are found to be typically in the range 0.1-1 cm(-3), for either model. We also find that the reverse shock emission resulting from the injection of ejecta into the decelerating blast wave at about 1 d after the burst can explain the slowly decaying radio light curves observed for the afterglows 990123, 991216 and 010222. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Panaitescu, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Astron, 2511 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM adp@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 88 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 363 IS 4 BP 1409 EP 1423 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09532.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 978IO UT WOS:000232867000031 ER PT J AU Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T AF Va'vra, J Sumiyoshi, T TI Ion feedback suppression using inclined MCP holes in a "single-MCP plus micromegas plus pads" detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2004) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 2004 CL Playa de Carmen, MEXICO DE photodetectors; ion feedback blockage; Cherenkov detectors; RICH; TPC ID TRACKING; COMPASS; SLD AB We show that the ion backflow to photocathode can be completely suppressed if one uses inclined MCP holes in the presence of a magnetic field. The inclined hole angles are chosen to be aligned with the Lorentz electron angle allowing the electron transmission and amplification, while positive ions, traveling along a different angle, are caught on the MCP hole walls. The detector under investigation is a new gaseous detector structure based on a tandem of two parts, a single MCP (microchannel plate), a micromegas with pad readout. We are aiming to develop a gaseous photon detector with the Bialkali photocathode, however, one could use some ideas in the paper for other types of detectors. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Tokyo 158, Japan. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jjv@slac.stanford.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.047 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 984OT UT WOS:000233314900014 ER PT J AU Field, C Hadig, T Leith, DWGS Mazaheri, G Ratcliff, B Schwiening, J Uher, J Va'vra, J AF Field, C Hadig, T Leith, DWGS Mazaheri, G Ratcliff, B Schwiening, J Uher, J Va'vra, J TI Development of photon detectors for a fast focusing DIRC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2004) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 2004 CL Playa de Carmen, MEXICO DE photo-detectors; Cherenkov detectors; RICH AB We report progress in developing a focusing DIRC with very good timing resolution. This basic detector development has been motivated by a possible upgrade of the very successful BaBar DIRC particle identification detector for a future Super B-factory. We have built a single bar full size prototype, which aims to reduce the chromatic error by precise timing, and to remove the effect of bar thickness with a focusing mirror. This paper describes the design of the prototype, and systematic studies of the timing resolution and position response for single photons for two 64-pixel detectors: (a) Hamamatsu Flat Panel PMTs, and (b) Burle MCP-PMTs. To test the prototype, we have developed new electronics for similar to 300 pixels capable of measuring a single electron timing resolution to similar to 100 ps. We also report on a first measurement of aging with the MCP-PMT. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jjv@slac.stanford.edu NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 1-2 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.046 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 984OT UT WOS:000233314900017 ER PT J AU Jackson, HE AF Jackson, HE TI The HERMES dual radiator RICH - Performance and impact SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2004) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 2004 CL Playa de Carmen, MEXICO DE RICH; aerogel; particle identification; quark helicities; pentaquark ID SILICA AEROGELS AB The HERMES RICH is a novel dual radiator detector which provides clean particle identification of pions, kaons, and protons over the traditionally difficult momentum region of 2-15 GeV/c. Extensive operating experience acquired since installation at HERA confirms stable operation at design levels. Particle identification with this instrument has proven to be essential for almost all recent HERMES physics studies. Typical physics results obtained are discussed together with options for improving the RICH performance. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jackson, HE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hal@anl.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.079 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 984OT UT WOS:000233314900034 ER PT J AU Cooper, PS Engelfried, E AF Cooper, PS Engelfried, E TI Redesign of the CKM RICH velocity spectrometers for use in a 1/4 GHz unseparated beam SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2004) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 2004 CL Playa de Carmen, MEXICO DE RICH detector; rare kaon decay ID DETECTOR AB We report here a redesign of the CKM RICH velocity spectrometers for use in a 1/4GHz unseparated beam adapted to the KTeV beam line and detector hall at Fermilab (P940). The redesigns reported here comprise modest modification to the original designs for CKM(E921) to accommodate the change in beam flux, momentum, and momentum bite of the primary beam. The ultimate performance of the velocity spectrometer systems, as quantified by the missing mass squared resolution for K+ -> pi(+)pi(0), remains largely unchanged from the original design. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. RP Cooper, PS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM pcooper@fnal.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 1-2 BP 220 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.054 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 984OT UT WOS:000233314900037 ER PT J AU Raja, R AF Raja, R TI The main injector particle production experiment (MIPP) at Fermilab SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2004) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 2004 CL Playa de Carmen, MEXICO ID DETECTOR; CHAMBERS AB We describe the physics capabilities and status of the main injector particle production (MIPP) experiment which is scheduled to enter its physics data taking period during December 2004-July 2005. We show some of the results obtained from the engineering run that concluded in August 2004 and point out the unique features of MIPP that make it an ideal apparatus to study non-perturbative QCD properties. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Raja, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM raja@fnal.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.087 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 984OT UT WOS:000233314900038 ER PT J AU Iodice, M Cisbani, E Colilli, S Cusanno, F Frullani, S Fratoni, R Garibaldi, F Gricia, M Lucentini, M Pierangeli, L Santavenere, F Urciuoli, GM Veneroni, P De Cataldo, G De Leo, R Di Bari, D Lagamba, L Nappi, E Marrone, S Kross, B LeRose, JJ Reitz, B Segal, J Zorn, C Breuer, H AF Iodice, M Cisbani, E Colilli, S Cusanno, F Frullani, S Fratoni, R Garibaldi, F Gricia, M Lucentini, M Pierangeli, L Santavenere, F Urciuoli, GM Veneroni, P De Cataldo, G De Leo, R Di Bari, D Lagamba, L Nappi, E Marrone, S Kross, B LeRose, JJ Reitz, B Segal, J Zorn, C Breuer, H TI Performance and results of the RICH detector for kaon physics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2004) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 2004 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO DE RICH; particle identification; kaon identification; Cherenkov detector AB A proximity focusing RICH detector has been constructed for the hadron High Resolution Spectrometer (HRS) of Jefferson Lab Experimental Hall-A. This detector is intended to provide excellent hadron identification up to a momentum of 2.5GeV/c. The RICH uses a 15mm thick liquid perfluorohexane radiator in proximity focusing geometry to produce Cherenkov photons traversing a 100mm thick proximity gap filled with pure methane and converted into electrons by a thin film of CsI deposited on the cathode plane of a MWPC. The detector has been successfully employed in the fixed target, high luminosity and high resolution hypernuclear spectroscopy experiment. With its use as a kaon identifier in the 2 GeV/c region, the very large contribution from pions and protons to the hypernuclear spectrum was reduced to a negligible level. The basic parameters and the resulting performance obtained during the experiment are reported in this paper. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 3, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy. EM mauro.iodice@roma3.infn.it RI Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Lagamba, Luigi/0000-0002-0233-9812; Di Bari, Domenico/0000-0002-5559-8906 NR 7 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.032 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 984OT UT WOS:000233314900039 ER PT J AU Morelos, A Mata, J Cooper, PS Engelfried, J Aguilera-Servin, JL AF Morelos, A Mata, J Cooper, PS Engelfried, J Aguilera-Servin, JL TI Radial tail resolution in the SELEX RICH SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2004) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 2004 CL Playa de Carmen, MEXICO DE RICH detector AB We use a seven million event data sample of 600 GeV/c single-track pion events, where the pion track is reconstructed upstream and downstream of the SELEX RICH. We build the RICH ring radius histogram distribution and count the tail events that fall outside 5 sigma, giving a fraction of 4 x 10(-5) events outside the Gaussian tails. This control of events establishes the ability of using the RICH as a velocity spectrometer for high-precision searches of the K+ pi+upsilon upsilon decay like it is planned in the CKM experiment. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Morelos, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. EM morelos@ifisica.uaslp.mx NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 1-2 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.037 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 984OT UT WOS:000233314900040 ER PT J AU Schwiening, J AF Schwiening, J CA BABAR-DIRC Collaborat TI Performance of the BABAR-DIRC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detectors (RICH 2004) CY NOV 30-DEC 05, 2004 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO DE Cherenkov detector; particle identification system; BABAR experiment; B meson decays AB A new type of ring-imaging Cherenkov detector is being used for hadronic particle identification in the B Lambda B Lambda R experiment at the SLAC B Factory (PEP-II). This detector is called DIRC, an acronym for Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov (light). This paper describes the performance of the DIRC during the first 5 years of operation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM jochen.schwiening@slac.stanford.edu OI Hamel de Monchenault, Gautier/0000-0002-3872-3592; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103 NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 553 IS 1-2 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.015 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 984OT UT WOS:000233314900053 ER PT J AU Hyde, B Farkas, D Caturla, MJ AF Hyde, B Farkas, D Caturla, MJ TI Atomistic sliding mechanisms of the Sigma=5 symmetric tilt grain boundary in bcc iron SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; METALS; RESISTANCE; DISLOCATIONS; BICRYSTALS; MIGRATION; SURFACES; DEFECTS; ALLOYS AB Atomistic computer simulations were performed to investigate the mechanisms of grain-boundary sliding in bcc Fe using molecular statics and molecular dynamics with embedded-atom method interatomic potentials. For this study we have chosen the Sigma = 5, (310)[001] symmetrical tilt boundary with tilt angle theta = 36.9 degrees. Sliding was determined to be governed by grain-boundary dislocation activity with Burgers vectors belonging to the displacement shift complete lattice. The sliding process was found to occur through the nucleation and glide of partial grain-boundary dislocations, with a secondary grain-boundary structure playing an important role in the sliding process. Interstitial impurities and vacancies were introduced into the grain boundary to study their role as nucleation sites for the grain-boundary dislocations. While vacancies and H interstitials act as preferred nucleation sites, C interstitials to not. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Farkas, D (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Diana@vt.edu RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 32 BP 3795 EP 3807 DI 10.1080/14786430500256342 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 982OM UT WOS:000233171500003 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A Drees, KA du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Alexander, J Amirikas, R Aphecetche, L Aronson, SH Averbeck, R Awes, TC Azmoun, R Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Berdnikov, Y Bhagavatula, S Boissevain, JG Borel, H Borenstein, S Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chai, JS Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choi, J Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Constantin, P d'Enterria, D David, G Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drapier, O Drees, A Drees, KA du Rietz, R Durum, A Dutta, D Efremenko, YV El Chenawi, K Enokizono, A En'yo, H Esumi, S Ewell, L Fields, DE Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fung, SY Garpman, S Ghosh, TK Glenn, A Gogiberidze, G Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Guryn, W Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hayano, R Hayashi, N He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hibino, M Hill, JC Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Isenhower, D Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jang, WY Jeong, Y Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kang, JH Kapoor, SS Katou, K Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DH Kim, DJ Kim, DW Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Kiyoyama, K Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Koehler, D Kohama, T Kopytine, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kurita, K Kuroki, Y Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Ladygin, V Lajoie, JG Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Lee, S Leitch, MJ Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Liu, Y Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Marx, MD Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McGaughey, PL Melnikov, E Messer, F Miake, Y Milan, J Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mischke, RE Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Muhlbacher, F Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Murata, J Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Nandi, BK Nara, M Newby, J Nilsson, P Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, K Ono, M Onuchin, V Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Parmar, A Pate, SF Peitzmann, T Peng, JC Peresedov, V Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Plasil, F Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosnet, P Ryu, SS Sadler, ME Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, M Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shaw, MR Shea, TK Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shiina, T Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Singh, CP Singh, V Sivertz, M Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tamai, M Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Tarjan, P Tepe, JD Thomas, TL Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tserruya, I Tsuruoka, H Tuli, SK Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Villatte, L Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yang, Y Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zhou, SJ Zolin, L TI Measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries for midrapidity production of neutral pions and charged hadrons in polarized p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRY; CROSS-SECTIONS; GEV-C; SCATTERING; DETECTORS; ELECTROPRODUCTION; FRAGMENTATION AB Transverse single-spin asymmetries to probe the transverse-spin structure of the proton have been measured for neutral pions and nonidentified charged hadrons from polarized proton-proton collisions at midrapidity and root s = 200 GeV. The data cover a transverse momentum (pT) range 1.0-5.0 GeV/c for neutral pions and 0.5-5.0 GeV/c for charged hadrons, at a Feynman-x value of approximately zero. The asymmetries seen in this previously unexplored kinematic region are consistent with zero within errors of a few percent. In addition, the inclusive charged hadron cross section at midrapidity from 0.5 < P-T < 7.0 GeV/c is presented and compared to next-to-leading order perturbative QCD ( pQCD) calculations. Successful description of the unpolarized cross section above similar to 2 GeV/c suggests that pQCD is applicable in the interpretation of the asymmetry results in the relevant kinematic range. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Study, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapina, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Debrecen Univ, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. State Res Ctr Russian Federat, IHEP Protvino, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. KAERI, Cyclotron Applicat Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, MTA KFKI RMKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Russian Res Ctr, IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook Univ, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, SUBATECH,Ecole Mines Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Adler, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; du Rietz, Rickard/I-3794-2013; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; du Rietz, Rickard/0000-0002-9884-9058; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 32 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 6 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 20 AR 202001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.202001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983PB UT WOS:000233243500015 PM 16384048 ER PT J AU Bulaevskii, LN Hruska, M Maley, MP AF Bulaevskii, LN Hruska, M Maley, MP TI Spectroscopy of magnetic excitations in magnetic superconductors using vortex motion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON PLASMA MODE; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; LATTICE; FIELDS AB In magnetic superconductors a moving vortex lattice is accompanied by an ac magnetic field which leads to the generation of spin waves. At resonance conditions the dynamics of vortices in magnetic superconductors changes drastically, resulting in strong peaks in the dc I-V characteristics at voltages at which the washboard frequency of the vortex lattice matches the spin wave frequency omega(s)(g), where g are the reciprocal vortex lattice vectors. We show that if the washboard frequency lies above the magnetic gap, measurement of the I-V characteristics provides a new method to obtain information on the spectrum of magnetic excitations in borocarbides and cuprate layered magnetic superconductors. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bulaevskii, LN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 20 AR 207002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.207002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983PB UT WOS:000233243500056 PM 16384089 ER PT J AU Enkrich, C Wegener, M Linden, S Burger, S Zschiedrich, L Schmidt, F Zhou, JF Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM AF Enkrich, C Wegener, M Linden, S Burger, S Zschiedrich, L Schmidt, F Zhou, JF Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM TI Magnetic metamaterials at telecommunication and visible frequencies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; REFRACTION; INDEX AB Arrays of gold split rings with a 50-nm minimum feature size and with an LC resonance at 200 THz frequency (1.5 mu m wavelength) are fabricated. For normal-incidence conditions, they exhibit a pronounced fundamental magnetic mode, arising from a coupling via the electric component of the incident light. For oblique incidence, a coupling via the magnetic component is demonstrated as well. Moreover, we identify a novel higher-order magnetic resonance at around 370 THz (800 nm wavelength) that evolves out of the Mie resonance for oblique incidence. Comparison with theory delivers good agreement and also shows that the structures allow for a negative magnetic permeability. C1 Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Angew Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Hemholtz Gemeinsch, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Zuse Inst Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. DFG Forschungszentrum Matheon, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Enkrich, C (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Angew Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009; Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016; OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342; Burger, Sven/0000-0002-3140-5380 NR 16 TC 499 Z9 508 U1 11 U2 121 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 20 AR 203901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.203901 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983PB UT WOS:000233243500023 PM 16384056 ER PT J AU Lee, GD Wang, CZ Yoon, E Hwang, NM Kim, DY Ho, KM AF Lee, GD Wang, CZ Yoon, E Hwang, NM Kim, DY Ho, KM TI D(i)ffusion, coalescence, and reconstruction of vacancy defects in graphene layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; IRRADIATION AB Diffusion, coalescence, and reconstruction of vacancy defects in graphene layers are investigated by tight-binding molecular dynamics (TBMD) simulations and by first principles total energy calculations. It is observed in the TBMD simulations that two single vacancies coalesce into a 5-8-5 double vacancy at the temperature of 3000 K, and it is further reconstructed into a new defect structure, the 555-777 defect, by the Stone-Wales type transformation at higher temperatures. First principles calculations confirm that the 555-777 defect is energetically much more stable than two separated single vacancies, and the energy of the 555-777 defect is also slightly lower than that of the 5-8-5 double vacancy. In TBMD simulation, it is also found that the four single vacancies reconstruct into two collective 555-777 defects which is the unit for the hexagonal haeckelite structure proposed by Terrones et al. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Interuniv Semicond Res Ctr, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Microstruct Sci Mat, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, GD (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RI Lee, Gun-Do/L-1259-2013 OI Lee, Gun-Do/0000-0001-8328-8625 NR 22 TC 244 Z9 246 U1 9 U2 109 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 20 AR 205501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.205501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983PB UT WOS:000233243500035 PM 16384068 ER PT J AU Lu, WC Meunier, V Bernholc, J AF Lu, WC Meunier, V Bernholc, J TI Nonequilibrium quantum transport properties of organic molecules on silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; DEVICE; MONOLAYERS; MEMORIES; SURFACES AB Electron transport properties of a Si/organic-molecule/Si junction are investigated by large-scale nonequilibrium Green function calculations. The results provide a qualitative picture and quantitative understanding of the importance of self-consistent screening, broadening of quasimolecular orbitals under large bias, and enhancement of transmission, which occurs when the broadened lowest unoccupied molecular orbital aligns with the conduction band edge of the negative lead. The varying coupling can lead to negative differential resistance for a large class of small molecules. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CNMS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lu, WC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010 OI Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X NR 21 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 20 AR 206805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.206805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983PB UT WOS:000233243500051 PM 16384084 ER PT J AU Paris, MW AF Paris, MW TI Variational Monte Carlo study of pentaquark states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; EXOTIC HADRONS; RESONANCE; BARYONS; MODEL; PHOTOPRODUCTION; NUCLEI; MASS AB Accurate numerical solution of the five-body Schrodinger equation is effected via variational Monte Carlo calculations. The spectrum is assumed to exhibit a narrow resonance with strangeness S = + 1. A fully antisymmetrized and pair-correlated five-quark wave function is obtained for the assumed nonrelativistic Hamiltonian, which has spin, isospin, and color dependent pair interactions and many-body confining terms, which are fixed by the nonexotic spectra. Gauge field dynamics are modeled via flux-tube exchange factors. The energy determined for the ground states with J(pi) = 1/2(-) (1/2(+)) is 2.22 (2.50) GeV. A lower energy negative parity state is consistent with recent lattice results. The short-range structure of the state is analyzed via its diquark content. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Theory Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave MS12H2, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM mparis@jlab.org NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 20 AR 202002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.202002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983PB UT WOS:000233243500016 PM 16384049 ER PT J AU Scarpulla, MA Cardozo, BL Farshchi, R Oo, WMH McCluskey, MD Yu, KM Dubon, OD AF Scarpulla, MA Cardozo, BL Farshchi, R Oo, WMH McCluskey, MD Yu, KM Dubon, OD TI Ferromagnetism in Ga(1-x)Mn(x)P: Evidence for inter-Mn exchange mediated by localized holes within a detached impurity band SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; III-V; ION-IMPLANTATION; (GA,MN)AS; GAAS AB We report an energy gap for hole photoexcitation in ferromagnetic Ga(1-x)Mn(x)P that is tunable by Mn concentration (x <= 0.06) and by compensation with Te donors. For x similar to 0.06, electrical transport is dominated by excitation across this gap above the Curie temperature (T(C)) of 60 K and by thermally activated hopping below T(C). Magnetization measurements reveal a moment of 3.9 +/- 0.4 mu(B) per substitutional Mn while the large anomalous Hall signal demonstrates that the ferromagnetism is carrier mediated. In aggregate these data indicate that ferromagnetic exchange is mediated by holes localized in a Mn-derived band that is detached from the valence band. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dubon, OD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oddubon@berkeley.edu RI Scarpulla, Michael/C-7941-2009; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839 NR 30 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 20 AR 207204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.207204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983PB UT WOS:000233243500061 PM 16384094 ER PT J AU Umari, P Willamson, AJ Galli, G Marzari, N AF Umari, P Willamson, AJ Galli, G Marzari, N TI Dielectric response of periodic systems from quantum Monte Carlo calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEIGHTED-DENSITY APPROXIMATION; FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DIPOLE-MOMENT; ELECTRIC POLARIZATION; STATIC RESPONSE; SOLIDS; CONSTANT; CHAINS; FIELD; GAAS AB We present a novel approach that allows us to calculate the dielectric response of periodic systems in the quantum Monte Carlo formalism. We employ a many-body generalization for the electric-enthalpy functional, where the coupling with the field is expressed via the Berry-phase formulation for the macroscopic polarization. A self-consistent local Hamiltonian then determines the ground-state wave function, allowing for accurate diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations where the polarization's fixed point is estimated from the average on an iterative sequence, sampled via forward walking. This approach has been validated for the case of an isolated hydrogen atom and then applied to a periodic system, to calculate the dielectric susceptibility of molecular-hydrogen chains. The results found are in excellent agreement with the best estimates obtained from the extrapolation of quantum-chemistry calculations. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Umari, P (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Marzari, Nicola/D-6681-2016; OI Marzari, Nicola/0000-0002-9764-0199; UMARI, Paolo/0000-0002-4589-0313 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 20 AR 207602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.207602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 983PB UT WOS:000233243500066 PM 16384099 ER PT J AU Prosnitz, D AF Prosnitz, D TI Science and law - WMD sensors - Search and seizure SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Prosnitz, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dp@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5750 BP 978 EP 978 DI 10.1126/science.1115536 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984YN UT WOS:000233343400028 PM 16284165 ER PT J AU Huang, CC Tang, M Zhang, MY Majeed, S Montabana, E Stanfield, RL Dimitrov, DS Korber, B Sodroski, J Wilson, IA Wyatt, R Kwong, PD AF Huang, CC Tang, M Zhang, MY Majeed, S Montabana, E Stanfield, RL Dimitrov, DS Korber, B Sodroski, J Wilson, IA Wyatt, R Kwong, PD TI Structure of a V3-containing HIV-1 gp120 core SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; SOLUBLE CD4; V3 LOOP; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TYPE-1; RECEPTOR; ANTIBODY; BINDING; NEUTRALIZATION AB The third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein is immunodominant and contains features essential for coreceptor binding. We determined the structure of V3 in the context of an HIV-1 gp120 core complexed to the CD4 receptor and to the X5 antibody at 3.5 angstrom resolution. Binding of gp120 to cell-surface CD4 would position V3 so that its coreceptor-binding tip protrudes 30 angstroms from the core toward the target cell membrane. The extended nature and antibody accessibility of V3 explain its immunodominance. Together, the results provide a structural rationale for the role of V3 in HIV entry and neutralization. C1 NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. SAIC Frederick, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD USA. NCI, Prot Interact Grp, Ctr Canc Res, Nanobiol Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Wyatt, R (reprint author), NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM richw@mail.nih.gov; pdkwong@nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 AI999999]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI39429, AI24755, AI31783, AI40895]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM46192] NR 35 TC 516 Z9 533 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5750 BP 1025 EP 1028 DI 10.1126/science.1118398 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 984YN UT WOS:000233343400046 PM 16284180 ER PT J AU West, DL Montgomery, FC Armstrong, TR AF West, DL Montgomery, FC Armstrong, TR TI "NO-selective" NOx sensing elements for combustion exhausts SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY SEP 13-15, 2004 CL St Thomas Univ, Rome, ITALY HO St Thomas Univ DE NOx sensor; nitric oxide; gas sensor ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXIDE; SENSORS; ELECTRODES AB Fabrication and characterization of NOx sensing elements using co-planar oxide and Pt electrodes is described. The sensing elements, based on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates, could be current-biased to a "NO-selective" sensing condition (for NO, in the concentration range 50-1500 ppmv) if the oxide was an alkaline earth-modified lanthanum chromite. Simple variations in electrode geometry (interdigitation of the electrodes or increase of the oxide electrode surface area relative to the Pt electrode) did not affect the magnitude of the NO response or the recovery from exposure to NO. The main effects of temperature appeared to be a decrease in the response magnitude with increasing T and an increase of the recovery time (from NO exposure) with decreasing T. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 4508,MS 6083, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM westdl@ornl.gov RI West, David/A-3414-2009 OI West, David/0000-0002-1265-9350 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV 11 PY 2005 VL 111 SI SI BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2005.06.043 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 977RM UT WOS:000232820900014 ER PT J AU Eisenstein, DJ Zehavi, I Hogg, DW Scoccimarro, R Blanton, MR Nichol, RC Scranton, R Seo, HJ Tegmark, M Zheng, Z Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, A Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, JA Glazebrook, K Gunn, JE Hendry, JS Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lin, H Loh, YS Lupton, RH Margon, B McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Pope, A Richmond, MW Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG AF Eisenstein, DJ Zehavi, I Hogg, DW Scoccimarro, R Blanton, MR Nichol, RC Scranton, R Seo, HJ Tegmark, M Zheng, Z Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, N Brinkmann, J Burles, S Castander, FJ Connolly, A Csabai, I Doi, M Fukugita, M Frieman, JA Glazebrook, K Gunn, JE Hendry, JS Hennessy, G Ivezic, Z Kent, S Knapp, GR Lin, H Loh, YS Lupton, RH Margon, B McKay, TA Meiksin, A Munn, JA Pope, A Richmond, MW Schlegel, D Schneider, DP Shimasaku, K Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Tucker, DL Yanny, B York, DG TI Detection of the baryon acoustic peak in the large-scale correlation function of SDSS luminous red galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; distance scale; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; large-scale structure of universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; DATA RELEASE; DARK ENERGY; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT AB We present the large-scale correlation function measured from a spectroscopic sample of 46,748 luminous red galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The survey region covers 0.72 h(-3) Gpc(3) over 3816 deg(2) and 0.16 < z < 0.47, making it the best sample yet for the study of large-scale structure. We find a well-detected peak in the correlation function at 100 h(-1) Mpc separation that is an excellent match to the predicted shape and location of the imprint of the recombination-epoch acoustic oscillations on the low-redshift clustering of matter. This detection demonstrates the linear growth of structure by gravitational instability between z approximate to 1000 and the present and confirms a firm prediction of the standard cosmological theory. The acoustic peak provides a standard ruler by which we can measure the ratio of the distances to z = 0.35 and z = 1089 to 4% fractional accuracy and the absolute distance to z 0: 35 to 5% accuracy. From the overall shape of the correlation function, we measure the matter density Omega(m)h(2) to 8% and find agreement with the value from cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. Independent of the constraints provided by the CMB acoustic scale, we find Omega(m) = 0.273 +/- 0.025 + 0.123(1 + w(0)) + 0.137 Omega(K). Including the CMB acoustic scale, we find that the spatial curvature is Omega(K) = -0.010 +/- 0.009 if the dark energy is a cosmological constant. More generally, our results provide a measurement of cosmological distance, and hence an argument for dark energy, based on a geometric method with the same simple physics as the microwave background anisotropies. The standard cosmological model convincingly passes these new and robust tests of its fundamental properties. C1 Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth P01 2EG, Hants, England. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ Chicago, Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80803 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. RI Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 148 TC 2195 Z9 2207 U1 8 U2 69 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 2 BP 560 EP 574 DI 10.1086/466512 PN 1 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 983NK UT WOS:000233239000004 ER PT J AU Wilhite, BC Vanden Berk, DE Kron, RG Schneider, DP Pereyra, N Brunner, RJ Richards, GT Brinkmann, JV AF Wilhite, BC Vanden Berk, DE Kron, RG Schneider, DP Pereyra, N Brunner, RJ Richards, GT Brinkmann, JV TI Spectral variability of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Wavelength dependence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; quasars : general; techniques : spectroscopic ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; TERM OPTICAL VARIABILITY; BROAD-LINE REGION; DATA RELEASE; SAMPLE; CALIBRATION; CONTINUUM; EMISSION AB SDSS repeat spectroscopic observations have resulted in multiepoch spectroscopy for similar to 2500 quasars observed more than 50 days apart. From this sample, calibrating against stars observed simultaneously, we identify 315 quasars that have varied significantly between observations (with respect to assumed nonvariable stars observed concurrently). These variable quasars range in redshift from 0.5 to 4.72. This is the first large quasar sample studied spectroscopically for variability and represents a potentially useful sample for future high-redshift reverberation mapping studies. This also marks the first time the precise wavelength dependence of quasar variability has been determined, allowing both the continuum and emission-line variability to be studied. We create an ensemble difference spectrum (bright phase minus faint phase) covering rest-frame wavelengths from 1000 to 6000 angstrom. This average difference spectrum is bluer than the average single-epoch quasar spectrum; a power-law fit to the difference spectrum yields a spectral index alpha(lambda) = -2.00, compared to an index of alpha(lambda) = -1.35 for the single-epoch spectrum. This confirms that quasar continua are bluer when brighter. The difference spectrum also exhibits very weak or absent emission-line features; the strongest emission lines vary only 30% as much as the continuum. This small emission-line variability with respect to the continuum is consistent with the intrinsic Baldwin effect. Due to the lack of variability of the lines, measured photometric color is not always bluer in brighter phases but depends on redshift and the filters used. Lastly, the difference spectrum is bluer than the ensemble quasar spectrum only for lambda(rest) < 2500 angstrom, indicating that the variability cannot result from a simple scaling of the average quasar spectrum. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wilhite@astro.uiuc.edu NR 46 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 2 BP 638 EP 648 DI 10.1086/430821 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 983NK UT WOS:000233239000011 ER PT J AU O'Neill, SM Tregillis, IL Jones, TW Ryu, D AF O'Neill, SM Tregillis, IL Jones, TW Ryu, D TI Three-dimensional simulations of MHD jet propagation through uniform and stratified external environments SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : jets; methods : numerical; MHD ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; HYDRODYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; DENSITY ATMOSPHERE; SHOCK ACCELERATION; GLOBAL PROPERTIES; PERSEUS CLUSTER AB We present a set of high-resolution three-dimensional MHD simulations of steady light, supersonic jets, exploring the influence of jet Mach number and the ambient medium on jet propagation and energy deposition over long distances. The results are compared to simple self-similar scaling relations for the morphological evolution of jet-driven structures and to previously published two-dimensional simulations. For this study we simulated the propagation of light jets with internal Mach numbers 3 and 12 to lengths exceeding 100 initial jet radii in both uniform and stratified atmospheres. The propagating jets asymptotically deposit approximately half of their energy flux as thermal energy in the ambient atmosphere, almost independent of jet Mach number or the external density gradient. Nearly one-quarter of the jet total energy flux goes directly into dissipative heating of the ICM, supporting arguments for effective feedback from AGNs to cluster media. The remaining energy resides primarily in the jet and cocoon structures. Despite having different shock distributions and magnetic field features, global trends in energy flow are similar among the different models. As expected, the jets advance more rapidly through stratified atmospheres than uniform environments. The asymptotic head velocity in King-type atmospheres shows little or no deceleration. This contrasts with jets in uniform media with heads that slow as they propagate. This suggests that the energy deposited by jets of a given length and power depends strongly on the structure of the ambient medium. While our low Mach number jets are more easily disrupted, their cocoons obey evolutionary scaling relations similar to the high Mach number jets. C1 Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305764, South Korea. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM smoneil@msi.umn.edu; iant@lanl.gov; twj@msi.umn.edu; ryu@canopus.cnu.ac.kr RI Ryu, Dongsu/C-2270-2016 OI Ryu, Dongsu/0000-0002-5455-2957 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 2 BP 717 EP 732 DI 10.1086/491618 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 983NK UT WOS:000233239000018 ER PT J AU Scannapieco, E Madau, P Woosley, S Heger, A Ferrara, A AF Scannapieco, E Madau, P Woosley, S Heger, A Ferrara, A TI The detectability of pair-production supernovae at z less than or similar to 6 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : stellar content; stars : early-type; supernovae : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; POPULATION III STARS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; LIGHT CURVES; 1ST STARS; UBVRI PHOTOMETRY; PRIMORDIAL STARS; GALAXY FORMATION; MASSIVE STARS; O-STARS AB Nonrotating, zero-metallicity stars with initial masses 140 less than or similar to M(*) less than or similar to 260 M(.) are expected to end their lives as pair-production supernovae (PPSNe), in which an electron-positron pair-production instability triggers explosive nuclear burning. Interest in such stars has been rekindled by recent theoretical studies that suggest primordial molecular clouds preferentially form stars with these masses. Since metal enrichment is a local process, the resulting PPSNe could occur over a broad range of redshifts, in pockets of metal-free gas. Using the implicit hydrodynamics code KEPLER, we have calculated a set of PPSN light curves that addresses the theoretical uncertainties and allows us to assess observational strategies for finding these objects at intermediate redshifts. The peak luminosities of typical PPSNe are only slightly greater than those of Type Ia, but they remain bright much longer (similar to 1 yr) and have hydrogen lines. Ongoing supernova searches may soon be able to limit the contribution of these very massive stars to less than or similar to 1% of the total star formation rate density out to z approximate to 2, which already provides useful constraints for theoretical models. The planned Joint Dark Energy Mission satellite will be able to extend these limits out to z approximate to 6. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, SISSA, I-34914 Trieste, Italy. RP Scannapieco, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Kohn Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 83 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 2 BP 1031 EP 1041 DI 10.1086/444450 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 983NK UT WOS:000233239000044 ER PT J AU Focke, WB Wai, LL Swank, JH AF Focke, WB Wai, LL Swank, JH TI Time domain studies of X-ray shot noise in Cygnus X-1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : general; black hole physics; methods : data analysis; stars : individual (Cygnus X-1); X-rays : stars ID BLACK-HOLE; LOW STATE; VARIABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS; MODELS; FLARES AB We investigate the variability of Cyg X-1 in the context of shot-noise models and employ a peak detection algorithm to select individual shots. For a long observation of the low, hard state, the distribution of time intervals between shots is found to be consistent with a purely random process, contrary to previous claims in the literature. The detected shots are fit to several model templates and found to have a broad range of shapes. The fitted shots have a distribution of timescales from below 10 ms to above 1 s. The coherence of the cross spectrum of light curves of these data in different energy bands is also studied. The observed high coherence implies that the transfer function between low- and high-energy variability is uniform. The uniformity of the transfer function implies that the observed distribution of shot widths cannot have been acquired through Compton scattering. Our results in combination with other results in the literature suggest that shot luminosities are correlated with one another. We discuss how our experimental methodology relates to nonlinear models of variability. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Focke, WB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 98,2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM focke@slac.stanford.edu; wai@slac.stanford.edu; jean.h.swank@nasa.gov RI Swank, Jean/F-2693-2012 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 2 BP 1085 EP 1094 DI 10.1086/462407 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 983NK UT WOS:000233239000049 ER PT J AU Stephenson, GJ Goldman, T McKellar, BHJ Garbutt, M AF Stephenson, GJ Goldman, T McKellar, BHJ Garbutt, M TI Large mixing from small: Pseudo-Dirac neutrinos and the singular see-saw SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE neutrino mass; neutrino mixing; light sterile neutrinos ID SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; OSCILLATIONS; SYMMETRY; MUONS; MASS AB If the sterile neutrino mass matrix in an otherwise conventional see-saw model has a rank less than the number of flavors, it is possible to produce pseudo-Dirac neutrinos. In a two-flavor, sterile rank 1 case, we demonstrate analytic conditions for large active mixing induced by the existence of (and coupling to) the sterile neutrino components. For the three-flavor, rank I case, "3 + 2" scenarios with large mixing also devolve naturally as we show by numerical examples. We observe that, in this approach, small mass differences can develop naturally without any requirement that masses themselves are small. Additionally, we point out that significant three-channel mixing and limited experimental resolution can combine to produce extracted two-channel mixing parameters at variance with the actual values. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Stephenson, GJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM GJS@baryon.phys.unm.edu; tgoldman@lanl.gov; b.mckellar@physics.unimelb.edu.au; mgarbutt@treasury.gov.au NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 20 IS 28 BP 6373 EP 6390 DI 10.1142/S0217751X05028466 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 989LR UT WOS:000233675800003 ER PT J AU Wu, W Tsokol, AO Gschneidner, KA Sampaio, JA AF Wu, W Tsokol, AO Gschneidner, KA Sampaio, JA TI Influence of oxygen on the giant magnetocaloric effect of Gd5Si1.95Ge2.05 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Gd5Si1.95Ge2.05; influence of oxygen; giant magnetocaloric effect; magnetocaloric effect; magnetic transformation; magnetization; X-ray diffraction ID PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; SYSTEM; GD5SI4-GD5GE4; GD-5(SI2GE2); TRANSITION; GD5SI2GE2 AB The influence of oxygen on the 5:4 (i.e. 5Gd:4[Si+Ge]) monoclinic Gd5Si1.95Ge2.05 was investigated. Five oxygen-containing alloys, Gd5Si1.95Ge2.05Ox, were prepared with x varying from 0.05 to 0.5. The addition of small amounts of oxygen, x <= 0.10, stabilizes the orthorhombic form at high temperature, such that both phases are present in the arc-melted alloys. At higher oxygen contents, x >= 0. 15, oxygen tends to favor the decomposition of the Gd5Si1.95Ge2.05 phase into the GdSiyGe1-y, (1:1) and the Gd5SizGe3-z (5:3) phases. The solubility of oxygen in the two polymorphic 5:4 phases is less than x = 0.05. The presence of oxygen in the monoclinic form destroys the giant magnetocaloric effect, apparently by preventing the monoclinic phase from transforming to the orthorhombic modification at the Curie temperature giving rise to a second order magnetic transformation, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Xihua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gschneidner, KA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, 255 Spedding, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cagey@ameslab.gov RI Sampaio, Juraci/D-9707-2012 OI Sampaio, Juraci/0000-0002-8403-6718 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 403 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.06.001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 984NO UT WOS:000233311800018 ER PT J AU Chen, QN Chen, SY Eyink, GL Holm, DD AF Chen, QN Chen, SY Eyink, GL Holm, DD TI Resonant interactions in rotating homogeneous three-dimensional turbulence SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID FULLY DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; FAST GRAVITY-WAVES; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; GEOPHYSICAL FLOWS; EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS; ENERGY AB Direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional homogeneous turbulence under rapid rigid rotation are conducted for a fixed large Reynolds number and a sequence of decreasing Rossby numbers to examine the predictions of resonant wave theory. The theory states that 'slow modes' of the velocity, with zero wavenumber parallel to the rotation axis (k(z) = 0), will decouple at first order from the remaining 'fast modes' and solve an autonomous system of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for the horizontal velocity components, normal to the rotation axis, and a two-dimensional passive scalar equation for the vertical velocity component, parallel to the rotation axis. The Navier-Stokes equation for three-dimensional rotating turbulence is solved in a 128(3) mesh after being diagonalized via 'helical decomposition' into normal modes of the Coriolis term. A force supplies constant energy input at intermediate scales. To verify the theory, we set up a corresponding simulation for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation and two-dimensional passive scalar equation to compare them with the slow-mode dynamics of the three-dimensional rotating turbulence. The simulation results reveal that there is a clear inverse energy cascade to the large scales, as predicted by two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for resonant interactions of slow modes. As the rotation rate increases, the vertically averaged horizontal velocity field from three-dimensional Navier-Stokes converges to the velocity field from two-dimensional Navier-Stokes, as measured by the energy in their difference field. Likewise, the vertically averaged vertical velocity from three-dimensional Navier-Stokes converges to a solution of the two-dimensional passive scalar equation. The slow-mode energy spectrum approaches k(h)(-5/3), where k(h) is the horizontal wavenumber, and, as in two dimensions, energy flux becomes closer to constant the greater the rotation rate. Furthermore, the energy flux directly into small wavenumbers in the k(z) = 0 plane from non-resonant interactions decreases, while fast-mode energy concentrates closer to that plane. The simulations are consistent with an increasingly dominant role of resonant triads for more rapid rotation. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Peking Univ, CCSE, Beijing, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, LTCS, Beijing, Peoples R China. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Math, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Chen, QN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Chen, Shiyi/A-3234-2010; OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 542 BP 139 EP 164 DI 10.1017/S0022112005006324 PG 26 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 984HQ UT WOS:000233294100008 ER PT J AU Portugal, E Izquierdo, G Truesdell, A Alvarez, J AF Portugal, E Izquierdo, G Truesdell, A Alvarez, J TI The geochemistry and isotope hydrology of the Southern Mexicali Valley in the area of the Cerro Prieto, Baja California (Mexico) geothermal field SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE arid land; stable isotopes; hydrogeochemistry; Cerro Prieto; Mexico ID GROUNDWATER; SALINITY; WATER AB Groundwaters from the phreatic aquifer within and surrounding of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field were analyzed geochemically and isotopically in order to establish a hydrodynamic model of the study zone, which is located in the Mexicali Valley between 655,000-685,000 m E-W and 3,605,000-3,576,000 m N-S relative to UTM coordinates. Based on their chemical composition three types of water were recognized: chloride, sulfate and bicarbonate. However four groups of water were identified on a statistical multi-variable method of cluster analysis (A-D). The average temperature is 25 degrees C; with a few exceptions in the south where temperature can be as high as 47 degrees C. Stable isotope ratios for some waters plot close to the world meteoric line, corresponding to the original unaltered waters of the zone. The hydrogeochemistry varies in relation to three principal processes: evaporation, infiltration of water used in agriculture and rock interaction by reaction with evaporitic deposits. Major quartz, calcite and plagioclase and minor smectite, kaolinite, halite, sylvite and gypsum were identified by X-ray diffraction in lacustrine sediments of the central part of the zone. Chemical modeling indicates saturation with respect to calcite and undersaturation with respect to gypsum. By incorporating chemical and isotope data into geological and isopotential well information, a hydrodynamic model has been postulated. In this hydrodynamic model the water (A) enters the study zone from the east and it is originally of the old Colorado River water. The water samples on which the model is based were draw from agricultural wells that intersected two aquifers, a shallow and a deep one, representing the recharge to the zone. The salinity of the deep aquifer water (B) is lower than that of the shallow aquifer water (C) and so is the stable isotope ratio. The difference is though to be due to dissolution of evaporates, evaporation and possible infiltration of spent agriculture water. Both waters then pass through lacustrine sediments and gain in salinity and become isotopically heavier mainly by evaporation in a stagnate flow. They eventually emerge as a saline water (D) in the central part of the study zone. This saline water is the one that mixes with thermal fluid discharges from the geothermal reservoir in the south. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Invest Elect, Gerencia Geotermia, Cuernavaca 62490, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Comis Fed Elect, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Portugal, E (reprint author), Inst Invest Elect, Gerencia Geotermia, Reforma 113, Cuernavaca 62490, Morelos, Mexico. EM portugal@iie.org.mx NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 313 IS 3-4 BP 132 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.027 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 979PL UT WOS:000232957200002 ER PT J AU Kollet, SJ Zlotnik, VA AF Kollet, SJ Zlotnik, VA TI Letter to the editor SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PUMPING TEST DATA; STREAM DEPLETION; WATER-TABLE; UNCONFINED AQUIFERS; FLOW; DRAWDOWN; WELL; DIAMETER; MODEL C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Geosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Kollet, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 700 E Ave L-206, Livermore, CA USA. EM kollet2@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 313 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.023 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 979PL UT WOS:000232957200003 ER PT J AU Sauer, P Xie, JRH Dou, Y Torralva, B Allen, RE AF Sauer, P Xie, JRH Dou, Y Torralva, B Allen, RE TI Femtosecond-scale photodissociation of benzene SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 02-06, 2005 CL Snowbird, UT ID INTENSE LASER FIELDS; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HOT BENZENE; IONIZATION; VAPOR; DISSOCIATION; PULSES; NM; FRAGMENTATION AB Semiclassical electron-radiation-ion dynamics (SERID) has been used to calculate the bond lengths, HOMO-LUMO energy gap and vibrational modes of benzene, and to examine the photodissociation of benzene molecules subjected to fast intense laser pulses. The calculated ground-state properties are in good agreement with experiment, confirming that density-functional-based SERID simulations provide a reliable treatment of bonding. We show results for representative simulations of the response of benzene to femtosecond-scale laser pulses, at various fluences corresponding to no dissociation, partial dissociation and complete dissociation into atomic constituents. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Studies, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Nicholls State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Thibodaux, LA 70310 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allen, RE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM allen@tamu.edu NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 52 IS 16 BP 2423 EP 2433 DI 10.1080/09500340500275215 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 982OD UT WOS:000233170600027 ER PT J AU McGrane, SD Barber, J Quenneville, J AF McGrane, SD Barber, J Quenneville, J TI Anharmonic vibrational properties of explosives from temperature-dependent Raman SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; GAUSSIAN-TYPE BASIS; ENERGY-TRANSFER RATES; HOT-SPOT FORMATION; PICOSECOND CARS; CRYSTALLINE NAPHTHALENE; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; IMPACT SENSITIVITIES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; VIBRON DYNAMICS AB Raman spectra from 50 to 3500 cm(-1) and 4-296 K are analyzed for molecular crystal powders of the explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), beta-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and the inert naphthalene. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy is utilized for its sensitivity to anharmonic couplings between thermally populated phonons and higher frequency vibrations relevant to shock up-pumping. The data are analyzed with anharmonic perturbation theory, which is shown to have significant fundamental limitations in application to real data. Fitting to perturbation theory revealed no significant differences in averaged anharmonicities among the three explosives, all of which exhibited larger averaged anharmonicities than naphthalene by a factor of 3. Calculations estimating the multiphonon densities of states also failed to Correlate clearly with shock sensitivity. However, striking differences in temperature-dependent lifetimes were obvious: PETN has long lived phonons and vibrons, HMX has long lived phonons but short lived vibrons, while TATB has short lived phonons and vibrons at low temperature. Naphthalene, widely used as a model system, has significantly different anharmonicities and density of states from any of the explosives. The data presented suggest the further hypothesis that hindered vibrational energy transfer in the molecular crystals is a significant factor in shock sensitivity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McGrane, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dynam Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 66 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 44 BP 9919 EP 9927 DI 10.1021/jp0523219 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 984YC UT WOS:000233342300002 PM 16838908 ER PT J AU de Groot, FMF Glatzel, P Bergmann, U van Aken, PA Barrea, RA Klemme, S Havecker, M Knop-Gericke, A Heijboer, WM Weckhuysen, BM AF de Groot, FMF Glatzel, P Bergmann, U van Aken, PA Barrea, RA Klemme, S Havecker, M Knop-Gericke, A Heijboer, WM Weckhuysen, BM TI 1s2p resonant inelastic X-ray scattering of iron oxides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; K-EDGE; PRE-EDGE; IN-SITU; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; XANES CALCULATIONS; ENERGY RESOLUTION; OXIDATION-STATES; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; TRANSITION AB 1s2p resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RTXS) spectroscopy has been measured for a series of iron oxides, including octahedral and tetrahedral Fe(II) and Fe(III) systems. Their spectral shapes have been analyzed and explained using crystal-field multiplet simulations. The RIXS planes and the K-edge and L-edge X-ray absorption spectra related to these RIXS planes will be discussed with respect to their analytical opportunities. It is concluded that the full power and possibilities of 1s2p RIXS needs an overall resolution of 0.3 eV. This will yield a technique with more detailed information than K-edge and L-edge X-ray absorption combined, obtained in a single experiment. Another major advantage is that 1s2p RIXS involves only hard X-rays, and experiments under essentially any condition and on any system are feasible. C1 Univ Utrecht, Debye Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Angew Geowissensch, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Mineral, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP de Groot, FMF (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Debye Inst, Dept Inorgan Chem & Catalysis, Sorbonnelaan 16, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. EM f.m.f.degroot@chem.uu.nl RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; Weckhuysen, Bert/D-3742-2009 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; Weckhuysen, Bert/0000-0001-5245-1426 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 08630] NR 53 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 44 BP 20751 EP 20762 DI 10.1021/jp054006s PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 984YD UT WOS:000233342400017 PM 16853690 ER PT J AU Kondratyuk, P Wang, Y Johnson, JK Yates, JT AF Kondratyuk, P Wang, Y Johnson, JK Yates, JT TI Observation of a one-dimensional adsorption site on carbon nanotubes: Adsorption of alkanes of different molecular lengths SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; HYBRID MONTE-CARLO; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; UNITED-ATOM DESCRIPTION; N-ALKANES; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; PHYSICAL ADSORPTION; SILICALITE CRYSTALS; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; SIMULATION AB Three well-defined adsorption sites have been found on opened single-wall carbon nanotubes by temperatureprogrammed desorption measurements for several alkanes. A series of linear chain alkanes from pentane to nonane, as well as a branched alkane molecule, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, were used to elucidate the effect of molecular length on the capacity of the adsorption sites. The two highest-energy adsorption sites were assigned as the nanotube interior sites and groove sites on the outside of the nanotube bundles. Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations were performed to probe the molecular-level details of adsorption. Both in experiments and in the simulation, the groove sites were seen to behave as one-dimensional adsorption space, demonstrating an inverse dependence of capacity on the length of the adsorbed molecule. In contrast, the capacity of the internal sites was found to depend inversely on the volume occupied by the molecule. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Yates, JT (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Ctr Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM jyates@pitt.edu RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013 OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003 NR 36 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 44 BP 20999 EP 21005 DI 10.1021/jp0582078 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 984YD UT WOS:000233342400049 PM 16853722 ER PT J AU Fuentes-Cabrera, M Sumpter, BG Wells, JC AF Fuentes-Cabrera, M Sumpter, BG Wells, JC TI Size-expanded DNA bases: An ab initio study of their structural and electronic properties SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PAIRED GENETIC HELIX; NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; GROUND-STATE; ANALOGS; SYSTEM; XDNA; PNA; DC AB The size-expanded DNA bases, xA, xC, xG, and xT, are benzo-homologue forms of the natural DNA bases; i.e., their structure can be seen as the fusion of a natural base and a benzene ring. Recently, a variety of DNAs, known as xDNAs, have been synthesized in which size-expanded and natural bases are paired. In this paper we use second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory and density functional theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of xA, xC, xG, and xT and their natural counterparts. We find that whereas natural and size-expanded bases have both nonplanar amino groups the latter have also nonplanar aromatic rings. When density functional theory is used to investigate the electronic properties of size-expanded and natural bases, it is found that the HOMO-LUMO gap of the size-expanded bases is smaller than that of the natural bases. Also, xG should be easier to oxidize than G. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fuentescabma@ornl.gov RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015; Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079; Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030 NR 31 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 44 BP 21135 EP 21139 DI 10.1021/jp055210i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 984YD UT WOS:000233342400064 PM 16853737 ER PT J AU Close, FE Page, PR AF Close, FE Page, PR TI Gluonic charmonium resonances at BaBar and belle? SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Y(4260); charmonium; hybrid; glueball ID FLUX-TUBE MODEL; HEAVY HYBRID MESONS; DECAY; HADRONS; LATTICE; MASSES; STATES; QCD AB We confront predictions for hybrid charmonium and other gluonic excitations in the charm region with recently observed structures in the mass range above 3 GeV. The Y(4260), if resonant, is found to agree with expectations for hybrid charmonium. The possibility that other gluonic excitations may be influencing the data in this region is discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Theoret Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Theoret Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. EM f.close1@physics.ox.ac.uk; prp@lanl.gov RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 53 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 10 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.016 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 979PR UT WOS:000232957800005 ER PT J AU Semelsberger, TA Ott, KC Borup, RL Greene, HL AF Semelsberger, TA Ott, KC Borup, RL Greene, HL TI Role of acidity on the hydrolysis of dimethyl ether (DME) to methanol SO APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL LA English DT Article DE dimethyl ether; hydrolysis; zeolites; methanol; alumina; zirconia; bronsted acidity; acid site strength; hydrophobicity; ZSM-5; Y ID COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE; HYDROPHOBIC ZEOLITES; TO-HYDROCARBONS; SILICA-ALUMINA; SYNTHESIS GAS; NATURAL-GAS; ADSORPTION; SITES; WATER; H-ZSM-5 AB The activity of dimethyl ether (DME) hydrolysis was investigated over a series of solid acid and non-acid catalysts, zeolite Y [Si/Al = 2.5 and 15: denoted Y(Si/Al)], zeolite ZSM-5 [Si/Al = 15, 25, 40, and 140: denoted Z(Si/Al)], silica, zirconia, gamma-alumina, and BASF K3-110 (commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst). Dimethyl ether hydrolysis was carried out in an isothermal packed-bed reactor at ambient pressure. Acid catalyzed dimethyl ether hydrolysis is equilibrium limited. All solid acid catalysts, with the exception of ZrO2, attained equilibrium-limited conversions in the temperature range of interest (125-400 degrees C). Z(15), Z(25), and Z(40) reached equilibrium conversions at 200 degrees C, while Z(140), Y(15), and Y(2.5) reached equilibrium at 275 degrees C. gamma-Alumina, the most active non-zeolite solid acid, attained equilibrium at 350 degrees C. Silica and BASF K3-110 were both ineffective in converting dimethyl ether to methanol. The observed activity trend for DME hydrolysis to methanol as a function of Si-Al ratio and catalyst type was: [Graphics] (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Marine Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Semelsberger, TA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Marine Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM troy@lanl.gov RI 孙, 兆松/E-8654-2011 NR 61 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-3373 J9 APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON JI Appl. Catal. B-Environ. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.05.014 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 981DF UT WOS:000233066800014 ER PT J AU Weis, DC Faulon, JL LeBorne, RC Visco, DP AF Weis, DC Faulon, JL LeBorne, RC Visco, DP TI The signature molecular descriptor. 5. The design of hydrofluoroether foam blowing agents using Inverse-QSAR SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS; ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP MODELS; EXTENDED VALENCE SEQUENCES; STOCHASTIC GENERATOR; FLUORINATED ETHERS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; ISOMERS; INDEXES AB In this work, a novel technique for molecular design is explored by generating compounds to replace R-141b in polyurethane foam blowing applications. This technique, which is known as the inverse quantitative structure-activity relationship (I-QSAR) method, is based on solving the inverse problem of molecular design, using a newly developed descriptor called Signature. In this work, we optimize the properties of the candidate solutions based on the normal boiling point and the vapor-phase thermal conductivity. After generating more than 3 million solutions with this technique, we have identified seven compounds for further study. Unlike other inverse design techniques, I-QSAR with Signature does not use a template compound and, thus, nonintuitive candidates with optimal predicted properties can result. The seven best candidates that form the focused database include straight chains and rings of a variety of sizes with one or two O atoms in the ring. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Biol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Math, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Visco, DP (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Box 5013, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM dvisco@tntech.edu NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 23 BP 8883 EP 8891 DI 10.1021/ie050330y PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 983EM UT WOS:000233214000050 ER PT J AU Hand, JL Malm, WC Laskin, A Day, D Lee, T Wang, C Carrico, C Carrillo, J Cowin, JP Collett, J Iedema, MJ AF Hand, JL Malm, WC Laskin, A Day, D Lee, T Wang, C Carrico, C Carrillo, J Cowin, JP Collett, J Iedema, MJ TI Optical, physical, and chemical properties of tar balls observed during the Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING AEROSOLS; SOLUBLE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SINGLE-PARTICLE ANALYSIS; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; COMBUSTION PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; SMOKE PARTICLES; SOUTHERN AFRICA; UNITED-STATES; ABSORPTION AB [1] The Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study of summer 2002 (YACS) occurred during an active fire season in the western United States and provided an opportunity to investigate many unresolved issues related to the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols. Single particle analysis was performed on field-collected aerosol samples using an array of electron microscopy techniques. Amorphous carbon spheres, or "tar balls,'' were present in samples collected during episodes of high particle light scattering coefficients that occurred during the peak of a smoke/haze event. The highest concentrations of light-absorbing carbon from a dual-wavelength aethalometer (lambda = 370 and 880 nm) occurred during periods when the particles were predominantly tar balls, indicating they do absorb light in the UV and near-IR range of the solar spectrum. Closure experiments of mass concentrations and light scattering coefficients during periods dominated by tar balls did not require any distinct assumptions of organic carbon molecular weight correction factors, density, or refractive index compared to periods dominated by other types of organic carbon aerosols. Measurements of the hygroscopic behavior of tar balls using an environmental SEM indicate that tar balls do not exhibit deliquescence but do uptake some water at high ( similar to 83%) relative humidity. The ability of tar balls to efficiently scatter and absorb light and to absorb water has important implications for their role in regional haze and climate forcing. C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hand, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hand@cira.colostate.edu; alexander.laskin@pnl.gov RI Collett, Jeffrey/F-2862-2010; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012 OI Collett, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9180-508X; Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417 NR 59 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D21 AR D21210 DI 10.1029/2004JD005728 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985DD UT WOS:000233355400003 ER PT J AU Colvis, CM Pollock, JD Goodman, RH Impey, S Dunn, J Mandel, G Champagne, FA Mayford, M Korzus, E Kumar, A Renthal, W Theobald, DEH Nestler, EJ AF Colvis, CM Pollock, JD Goodman, RH Impey, S Dunn, J Mandel, G Champagne, FA Mayford, M Korzus, E Kumar, A Renthal, W Theobald, DEH Nestler, EJ TI Epigenetic mechanisms and gene networks in the nervous system SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE addiction; chromatin remodeling; epigenetic modifications; maternal behavior; memory consolidation; transcription ID LONG-TERM-MEMORY; RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI-SYNDROME; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL COACTIVATORS P300; COVALENT HISTONE MODIFICATIONS; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; CAMP-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; MATERNAL-CARE; CHROMATIN-STRUCTURE; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY C1 Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Div Basic Neurosci & Behav Res, Genet & Mol Neurobiol Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vollum Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Cambridge, Subdept Anim Behav, Cambridge CB3 8AA, England. Scripps Res Inst, Inst Childhood & Neglected Dis, Dept Cell Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Basic Neurosci, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Colvis, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Div Basic Neurosci & Behav Res, Genet & Mol Neurobiol Res Branch, 6001 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ccolvis@nida.nih.gov RI Pollock, Jonathan/B-1554-2009 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R37 DK45423]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH57368-05] NR 94 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 45 BP 10379 EP 10389 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4119-05.2005 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 982DB UT WOS:000233137000011 PM 16280577 ER PT J AU Gardner, JS Cornelius, AL Chang, LJ Prager, M Bruckel, T Ehlers, G AF Gardner, JS Cornelius, AL Chang, LJ Prager, M Bruckel, T Ehlers, G TI Spin dynamics in Ho2Ru2O7 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ICE; PYROCHLORES; HO2TI2O7; STATE AB The spin relaxation processes within the pyrochlore Ho2Ru2O7 have been investigated by neutron scattering and bulk property techniques. A single-ion process, that is thermally activated, dominates the spin-spin relaxation spectrum above 2 K. Assuming Arrhenius behaviour, we found an activation energy Delta = (329 +/- 6) K and characteristic relaxation time tau(0) = (5.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(-12) s in the paramagnetic state, akin to those found in the spin ice, HO2Ti2O7. At low temperature (T < 95 K) the activation energy lowers and below 20 K the entropy and ac susceptibility are similar to that observed in other spin ice compounds within a 10 kOe field. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Nucl Sci & Technol Dev Ctr, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gardner, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jsg@bnl.gov RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Bruckel, Thomas/J-2968-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008 OI Bruckel, Thomas/0000-0003-1378-0416; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 44 BP 7089 EP 7095 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/44/002 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 988QC UT WOS:000233614700006 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ AF Stevens, MJ TI Complementary matching in domain formation within lipid bilayers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL; SIMULATIONS; MEMBRANES; RAFTS; MICROSCOPY; PROTEINS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM msteve@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 44 BP 15330 EP 15331 DI 10.1021/ja043611q PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 984LK UT WOS:000233306200001 PM 16262371 ER PT J AU Hong, BH Lee, JY Beetz, T Zhu, YM Kim, P Kim, KS AF Hong, BH Lee, JY Beetz, T Zhu, YM Kim, P Kim, KS TI Quasi-continuous growth of ultralong carbon nanotube arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LONG C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Div Mol & Life Sci, Ctr Superfunct Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM kim@postech.ac.kr RI Kim, Kwang/C-7538-2012; Kim, Philip/N-1886-2013 OI Kim, Kwang/0000-0002-6929-5359; NR 16 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 44 BP 15336 EP 15337 DI 10.1021/ja054454d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 984LK UT WOS:000233306200004 PM 16262374 ER PT J AU Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Kepert, CJ AF Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Kepert, CJ TI Direct observation of a transverse vibrational mechanism for negative thermal expansion in Zn(CN)(2): An atomic pair distribution function analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VALENCE TRANSITION; PHASE-TRANSITION; ZRW2O8; DIFFRACTION; PROGRAM; SCATTERING; CHABAZITE; ZEOLITES; ORIGIN; MOTION AB The instantaneous structure of the cyanide-bridged negative thermal expansion (NTE) material Zn(CN)(2) has been probed using atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of high energy X-ray scattering data (100-400 K). The temperature dependence of the atomic separations extracted from the PDFs indicates an increase of the average transverse displacement of the cyanide bridge from the line connecting the Zn-II centers with increasing temperature. This allows the contraction of non-nearest-neighbor (ZnZn)-Zn-...' and (ZnC)-C-.../N distances despite the observed expansion of the individual direct Zn-C/N and C-N bonds. Thus, this analysis provides definitive structural confirmation that an increase in the average displacement of bridging atoms is the origin of the NTE behavior. The lattice parameters reveal a slight reduction in the NTE behavior at high temperature from a minimum coefficient of thermal expansion (alpha = dl/dT) of -19.8 x 10(-6) K-1 below 180 K, which is attributed to interaction between the doubly interpenetrated frameworks that comprise the structure. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kepert, CJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM c.kepert@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; OI Kepert, Cameron/0000-0002-6105-9706 NR 46 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 9 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 44 BP 15630 EP 15636 DI 10.1021/ja055197f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 984LK UT WOS:000233306200060 PM 16262430 ER PT J AU Maris, AE Kaczor-Grzeskowiak, M Ma, ZC Kopka, ML Gunsalus, RP Dickerson, RE AF Maris, AE Kaczor-Grzeskowiak, M Ma, ZC Kopka, ML Gunsalus, RP Dickerson, RE TI Primary and secondary modes of DNA recognition by the NarL two-component response regulator SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; OPERON CONTROL REGIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; BINDING SITES; PROTEIN NARL; PHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; DIMERIZATION AB NarL is a model response regulator for bacterial two-component signal transduction. The NarL C-terminal domain DNA binding domain alone (NarL(C)) contains all essential DNA binding determinants of the full-length NarL transcription factor. In the full-length NarL protein, the N-terminal regulatory domain must be phosphorylated to release the DNA binding determinants; however, the first NarL(C)-DNA cocrystal structure showed that dimerization of NarL(C) on DNA occurs in a manner independent of the regulatory domain [Maris, A. E., et al. (2002) Nat. Struct. Biol. 9, 771-778]. Dimerization via the NarL(C) C-terminal helix conferred high-affinity recognition of the tail-to-tail promoter site arrangement. Here, two new cocrystal structures are presented of NarL(C) complexed with additional 20mer oligonucleotides representative of other high-affinity tail-to-tail NarL binding sites found in upstream promoter regions. DNA structural recognition properties are described, such as backbone flexibility and groove width, that facilitate NarL(C) dimerization and high-affinity recognition. Lys 188 on the recognition helix accommodates DNA sequence variation between the three different cocomplexes by providing flexible specificity, recognizing the DNA major groove floor directly and/or via bridging waters. The highly conserved Val 189, which enforced significant DNA base distortion in the first cocrystal structure, enforces similar distortions in the two new cocrystal structures. Recognition also is conserved for Lys 192, which hydrogen bonds to guanines at regions of high DNA helical writhe. DNA affinity measurements for model NarL binding sites, including those that did not cocrystallize, suggest a framework for explaining the diversity of heptamer site arrangement and orientation. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Maris, AE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biophys Div, Bldg 3-350E,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aemaris@lbl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI21678]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31299] NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 44 BP 14538 EP 14552 DI 10.1021/bi050734u PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 981DZ UT WOS:000233068900016 PM 16262254 ER PT J AU Le Page, F Kwoh, EE Avrutskaya, A Gentil, A Leadon, SA Sarasin, A Cooper, PK AF Le Page, F Kwoh, EE Avrutskaya, A Gentil, A Leadon, SA Sarasin, A Cooper, PK TI Transcription-coupled repair of 8-oxoguanine: Requirement for XPG, TFIIH, and CSB and implications for Cockayne syndrome (Retraction of vol 101, pg 159, 2000) SO CELL LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Mol Genet Lab, UPR 42, F-94801 Villejuif, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl LAb, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Sarasin, A (reprint author), Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Mol Genet Lab, UPR 42, F-94801 Villejuif, France. EM sarasin@igr.fr; pkcooper@lbl.gov NR 1 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 4 BP 711 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.005 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 987DA UT WOS:000233497400018 PM 16329169 ER PT J AU Augustsson, A Zhuang, GV Butorin, SM Osorio-Guillen, JM Dong, CL Ahuja, R Chang, CL Ross, PN Nordgren, J Guo, JH AF Augustsson, A Zhuang, GV Butorin, SM Osorio-Guillen, JM Dong, CL Ahuja, R Chang, CL Ross, PN Nordgren, J Guo, JH TI Electronic structure of phospho-olivines LixFePO4 (x=0,1) from soft-x-ray-absorption and -emission spectroscopies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPOUNDS; LITHIUM BATTERIES; CATHODES; LIFEPO4; EXCITATIONS; SCATTERING; RADIATION; INSERTION; SPECTRA; OXIDES AB The electronic structure of the phospho-olivine LixFePO4 was studied using soft-x-ray-absorption (XAS) and emission spectroscopies. Characteristic changes in the valence and conduction bands are observed upon delithation of LiFePO4 into FePO4. In LiFePO4, the Fe-3d states are localized with little overlap with the O-2p states. Delithiation of LiFePO4 gives stronger hybridization between Fe-3d states and O-2p states leading to delocalization of the O-2p states. The Fe L-edge absorption spectra yield "fingerprints" of the different valence states of Fe in LiFePO4 and FePO4. Resonant soft-x-ray-emission spectroscopy at the Fe L edge shows strong contributions from resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS), which is described using an ionic picture of the Fe-3d states. Together the Fe L-edge XAS and RIXS study reveals a bonding character of the Fe 3d-O2p orbitals in FePO4 in contrast to a nonbonding character in LiFePO4. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-751201 Uppsala, Sweden. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui, Taiwan. RP Augustsson, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jguo@lbl.gov RI Osorio-Guillen, Jorge/B-7587-2008; OI Osorio-Guillen, Jorge/0000-0002-7384-8999; Chang, Ching-Lin/0000-0001-8547-371X NR 39 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 18 AR 184717 DI 10.1063/1.2107387 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 982OK UT WOS:000233171300039 PM 16292931 ER PT J AU Teeter, G AF Teeter, G TI The reaction kinetics of Cu with the CdTe(111)-B surface: Formation of metastable CuxTe (x similar to 2) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CDTE/CDS SOLAR-CELLS; BACK-CONTACT; DOPED ZNTE; THIN-FILMS; STABILITY; COPPER AB In the present study, elemental Cu is deposited on the clean CdTe(111)-B surface and annealed in vacuum. Surface-composition maps generated by scanning Auger microcopy provide evidence that a reaction occurs between Cu and the CdTe(111)-B substrate that results in the formation of a metastable copper telluride phase CuxTe (x similar to 2) at the surface. In situ thermal-desorption mass spectrometry measurements show that elemental Cd is released during the reaction and desorbs from the surface. Desorption of Te from the substrate is suppressed during the reaction. Analysis of Cd desorption traces demonstrates that the Cu+CdTe(111)-B reaction proceeds via zero-order kinetics, with an activation energy of 180 +/- 5 kJ mol(-1). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Teeter, G (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM glenn_teeter@nrel.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 18 AR 184713 DI 10.1063/1.2102904 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 982OK UT WOS:000233171300035 PM 16292927 ER PT J AU Wick, CD Dang, LX AF Wick, CD Dang, LX TI Investigating pressure effects on structural and dynamical properties of liquid methanol with many-body interactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RAMAN-SPECTRA; DIFFUSION; ETHANOL; QUANTUM; WATER AB Molecular-dynamics simulations utilizing a many-body potential was used to study the pressure dependence of structural and dynamical properties for liquid methanol. The liquid density as a function of pressure agreed well with experiment, and a combination of radial and angular distribution functions were used to analyze molecular structure. From these distribution functions, it was observed that hydrogen bond strength increased with increasing pressure. This observation coincided with an increase in the molecular dipole as a function of pressure, having a significant effect on the observed increased hydrogen bond strength. Also, methanols were found to more strongly favor exactly two hydrogen bonds, with fewer methanols of zero, one, or three hydrogen bonds present at higher pressures. Furthermore, a majority of the compression with increased pressure was found to occur in regions perpendicular to the methanol hydrogen-oxygen bond vector. This was the case despite hydrogen-oxygen nonbonded distances between hydrogen bonding species being shorter, but their stiffer oxygen-hydrogen-(nonbonded) oxygen angle offsets this, resulting in their oxygen-oxygen distances being relatively unaffected. The methanol translational diffusion decreased significantly with increased pressure, while the rotational diffusion decreased at a similar magnitude around the oxygen-hydrogen and oxygen-carbon bond vectors, despite having very different overall diffusion. Finally, the hydrogen bond lifetime increased significantly with pressure, owing to the increased hydrogen bond strength, and the slower translational and rotational dynamics. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wick, CD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM collin.wick@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 18 AR 184503 DI 10.1063/1.2039079 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 982OK UT WOS:000233171300018 PM 16292910 ER PT J AU Novakov, T Menon, S Kirchstetter, TW Koch, D Hansen, JE AF Novakov, T Menon, S Kirchstetter, TW Koch, D Hansen, JE TI Aerosol organic carbon to black carbon ratios: Analysis of published data and implications for climate forcing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; ELEMENTAL CARBON; BACKGROUND SITES; FINE PARTICLES; INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTH-KOREA; HONG-KONG AB [1] Measurements of organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) concentrations over a variety of locations worldwide have been analyzed to infer the spatial distributions of the ratios of OC to BC. Since these ratios determine the relative amounts of scattering and absorption, they are often used to estimate the radiative forcing due to aerosols. An artifact in the protocol for filter measurements of OC has led to widespread overestimates of the ratio of OC to BC in atmospheric aerosols. We developed a criterion to correct for this artifact and analyze corrected OC to BC ratios. The OC to BC ratios, ranging from 1.3 to 2.4, appear relatively constant and are generally unaffected by seasonality, sources, or technology changes, at the locations considered here. The ratios compare well with emission inventories over Europe and China but are a factor of 2 lower in other regions. The reduced estimate for OC/BC in aerosols strengthens the argument that reduction of soot emissions maybe a useful approach to slow global warming. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY 10025 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tnovakov@lbl.gov NR 76 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D21 AR D21205 DI 10.1029/2005JD005977 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985DA UT WOS:000233355100005 ER PT J AU Batra, D Vogt, S Laible, PD Firestone, MA AF Batra, D Vogt, S Laible, PD Firestone, MA TI Self-assembled, mesoporous polymeric networks for patterned protein arrays SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL CELL SCAFFOLDS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL); CROSS-LINKING; FABRICATION; PARTICLES; HYDROGELS; SURFACES; DEVICES AB A facile, self-assembly approach to the fabrication of a robust, mesoporous, biocompatible polymeric network for the spatial organization of proteins is described. Surface-deposited poly(styrene) (PS) beads that assemble into a two-dimensional (2-D) hexagonal array are used to template cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), yielding an inverse opal structure. The porous, water insoluble network is used to entrain a model, soluble protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP). The polymeric network is characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy, and the spatial localization of the incorporated GFP is determined by fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrate that this system may constitute a versatile platform for the lateral organization of biomolecules. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Expt Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Expt Facil, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM firestone@anl.gov RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 23 BP 10301 EP 10306 DI 10.1021/la051948f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 982AQ UT WOS:000233129500013 PM 16262281 ER PT J AU Jung, HS Lee, JK Nastasi, M Lee, SW Kim, JY Park, JS Hong, KS Shin, H AF Jung, HS Lee, JK Nastasi, M Lee, SW Kim, JY Park, JS Hong, KS Shin, H TI Preparation of nanoporous MgO-Coated TiO2 nanoparticles and their application to the electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; OXIDE ELECTRODES; FILMS; MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOSENSITIZATION; SIMULATIONS; ADSORPTION; PARTICLES; DYNAMICS AB Sol-gel-derived Mg(OH)(2) gel was coated onto TiO2 nanoparticles, and the subsequent thermal topotactic decomposition of the gel formed a highly nanoporous MgO crystalline coating. The specific surface area of the electrode that was prepared from the core - shell-structured TiO2 nanoparticles significantly increased compared with that of the uncoated TiO2 electrode. The increase in the specific surface area of the MgO-coated TiO2 electrode was attributed to the highly nanoporous MgO coating layer that resulted from the topotactic reaction. Dye adsorption behavior and solar cell performance were significantly enhanced by employing the MgO-coated TiO2 electrode. Optimized coating of a MgO, layer on TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the energy conversion efficiency as much as 45% compared to that of the uncoated TiO2 electrode. This indicates that controlling the extrinsic parameters such as the specific surface area is very important to improve the energy conversion efficiency of TiO2-based solar cells. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. RP Lee, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jklee@lanl.gov RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Kim, Jin Young/B-7077-2012; Lee, Sangwook/O-9166-2015; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015; OI Kim, Jin Young/0000-0001-7728-3182; Lee, Sangwook/0000-0002-3535-0241; Jung, Hyun Suk/0000-0002-7803-6930 NR 28 TC 158 Z9 162 U1 5 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 23 BP 10332 EP 10335 DI 10.1021/la051807d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 982AQ UT WOS:000233129500020 PM 16262288 ER PT J AU Plomp, M Leighton, TJ Wheeler, KE Pitesky, ME Malkin, AJ AF Plomp, M Leighton, TJ Wheeler, KE Pitesky, ME Malkin, AJ TI Bacillus atrophaeus outer spore coat assembly and ultrastructure SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; IN-SITU; SUBTILIS SPORES; RODLET LAYER; SURFACES; CEREUS; VISUALIZATION; THURINGIENSIS; MECHANISMS AB Our previous atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies successfully visualized native Bacillus atrophaeus spore coat ultrastructure and surface morphology. We have shown that the outer spore coat surface is formed by a crystalline array of similar to 11 nm thick rodlets, having a periodicity of similar to 8 mn. We present here further AFM ultrastructural investigations of air-dried and fully hydrated spore surface architecture. In the rodlet layer planar and point defects as well as domain boundaries similar to those described for inorganic and macromolecular crystals were identified. For several Bacillus species rodlet structure assembly and architectural variation appear to be a consequence of species-specific nucleation and crystallization mechanisms that regulate the formation of the outer spore coat. We propose a unifying mechanism for nucleation and self-assembly of this crystalline layer on the outer spore coat surface. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, BioSecur & NanoSci Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Malkin, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, BioSecur & NanoSci Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-234, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM malkin1@llnl.gov NR 61 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 23 BP 10710 EP 10716 DI 10.1021/la0517437 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 982AQ UT WOS:000233129500073 PM 16262341 ER PT J AU Tringides, MC Hupalo, M Yakes, M AF Tringides, MC Hupalo, M Yakes, M TI Novel diffusion pathways in low temperature self-organization of nanostructures SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Karpacz Winter School of theoretical Physics on Diffusion and Soft Matter Physics CY FEB 06-12, 2005 CL Ladek Zdroj, POLAND DE surface diffusion; self-organization; nanostructures; devil's staircase; kinetic pathways; non-equilibrium diffusion; island decay ID HELIUM-ATOM SCATTERING; BY-LAYER GROWTH; QUANTUM-SIZE; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; METAL-SURFACES; ISING-MODEL; PB; PB/SI(111)-(7X7); NUCLEATION; ISLANDS AB Surface diffusion is the key process responsible for mass transport on surfaces. Experiments can be carried out to measure surface diffusion either under equilibrium or non-equilibrium conditions. Equilibrium experiments can be used to measure the coverage and temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient D-c(theta, T) which in turn is useful to deduce thermodynamic information about the system (adatom-adatom interactions, phase transitions, collective effects, etc.). Non-equilibrium experiments are more relevant to systems grown epitaxially because of the lower temperatures and higher deposition rates commonly used. Under these conditions metastable self-organized structures can be prepared within surprisingly short times, which suggests that some novel but still unclear kinetic pathways must exist at low temperatures. Such effects will be illustrated with the formation of uniform height Pb islands on Si(1 1 1) because of quantum size effects (QSE) and the formation of numerous "Devil's Staircase" phases in the dense Pb/Si(1 1 1)-alpha root 3 x root 3 phase. In addition, the failure of the quasi-equilibrium description of nanostructure relaxation for sufficiently small sizes will be discussed to stress the need for better knowledge of the kinetic barriers controlling the relaxation. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tringides, MC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tringides@ameslab.gov RI Yakes, Michael/E-5510-2011 NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 EI 1873-2119 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 357 IS 2 BP 216 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.physa.2005.06.028 PG 34 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 971NW UT WOS:000232392200003 ER PT J AU Ghezzehei, TA AF Ghezzehei, TA TI Flow diversion around cavities in fractured media SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEEPAGE AB Flow diversion around subsurface cavities in unsaturated fractured media is important to numerous environmental and engineering applications. This paper provides analytical solutions to partial and complete flow diversion around cavities intersected by fractures under steady state conditions. It is focused on a typical trifracture junction located upstream from a cavity surface. Fractures are modeled as two-dimensional porous media with an exponential relationship between the capillary pressure and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. The solutions show that the vertical distance between the fracture end and the nearest junction (Z) and the slope of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (alpha) are by far the most important determinants of flow diversion. In fact, the product of Z and a enters the threshold flux and liquid entry flux equations as a dimensionless sorptive length (s). This relationship between Z and alpha is shown to have important implications for uncertainty and scalability of calibrated model parameters. The solutions given in this paper are expected to be directly applicable to cavities on the order of the fracture spacing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ghezzehei, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90R1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM taghezzehei@lbl.gov RI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/G-7483-2011 OI Ghezzehei, Teamrat/0000-0002-0287-6212 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 8 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 AR W11501 DI 10.1029/2004WR003860 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 985EA UT WOS:000233357900001 ER PT J AU Cogoni, M Mattoni, A Uberuaga, BP Voter, AF Colombo, L AF Cogoni, M Mattoni, A Uberuaga, BP Voter, AF Colombo, L TI Atomistic study of the dissolution of small boron interstitial clusters in c-Si SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; TIGHT-BINDING; SADDLE-POINTS; SILICON; SIMULATION; KINETICS AB The dissolution of boron-interstitial clusters (BICs) in crystalline silicon, often formed after ion implantation, is investigated by temperature accelerated dynamics of their formation using the Si-B Stillinger-Weber potential. We find that the dominant breakup event for small BICs is the emission of either Si mono- or di-interstitials, though the dominant reaction for the reactivation of boron is via emission of a boron interstitial defect B1I1. Most reactions are well approximated by the assumption that they are diffusion limited. Finally, the rate limiting step for breakup of clusters with three B atoms involves the B3I2 cluster, which also dissolves via emission of B1I1. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 SLACS INFM CNR, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. Univ Cagliari, Dipartimento Fis, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cogoni, M (reprint author), SLACS INFM CNR, Cittadella Univ, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy. RI Colombo, Luciano/D-9013-2013; Mattoni, Alessandro/B-7428-2015; OI Colombo, Luciano/0000-0001-5335-4652; Mattoni, Alessandro/0000-0002-1381-6557; Voter, Arthur/0000-0001-9788-7194 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 191912 DI 10.1063/1.2130385 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800025 ER PT J AU Du, MH Zhang, SB AF Du, MH Zhang, SB TI Topological defects and the Staebler-Wronski effect in hydrogenated amorphous silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; METASTABILITY; DIFFUSION; SI; MODEL AB We propose that the light-induced formation of topological defects may be the origin of the Staebler-Wronski effect in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Such defect is characterized by a five- and seven-membered ring pair and two dangling bonds, which can trap mobile H to form a 2H metastable complex. This model shows that the photogeneration of the dangling bonds is the result of the topological transformations, whereas the role of the H is to move the photogenerated dangling bonds away from where they were generated. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Du, MH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mao_hua_du@nrel.gov RI Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 191903 DI 10.1063/1.2130381 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800016 ER PT J AU Koh, WS Ang, LK Lau, SP Kwan, TJT AF Koh, WS Ang, LK Lau, SP Kwan, TJT TI Space-charge-limited bipolar flow in a nano-gap SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHILD-LANGMUIR LAW; CATHODE; DIODES AB This paper presents a quantum model of space-charge limited (SCL) bipolar flow in a nano-sized planar gap, including the effects of electron tunneling and exchange-correlation. It is found that the classical scaling of the SCL bipolar flow is no longer valid when the gap spacing D is comparable or smaller than the electron's de Broglie wavelength at gap voltage V-g. The classical value of the SCL bipolar electron flow is greatly enhanced due to the electron tunneling through the space-charge electric potential created by both the electrons and ions. The space-charge effect of ions is less significant (compared to electron tunneling) in the deep quantum regime that the quantum SCL bipolar flow is nearly identical to the unipolar electron flow (or quantum Child-Langmuir law). (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koh, WS (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. EM elkang@ntu.edu.sg RI Lau, Shu Ping/A-6083-2008; Koh, Wee Shing/B-2201-2008; ANG, Lay Kee/F-8115-2015 OI Lau, Shu Ping/0000-0002-5315-8472; ANG, Lay Kee/0000-0003-2811-1194 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 193112 DI 10.1063/1.2130526 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800065 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF Asay, BW AF Levitas, VI Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF Asay, BW TI Solid-solid phase transformation via internal stress-induced virtual melting: Additional confirmations SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; HMX AB Recently, we predicted a mechanism of solid-solid phase transformation (PT) via virtual melting at 121 K below the melting temperature. We report additional experimental and theoretical results for PTs among three polymorphs of the energetic material HMX, alpha, beta, and delta that support this mechanism. In particular: (a) the predicted velocity of interface propagation for beta ->delta PT and overall kinetics of delta ->beta PT are in agreement with experiment; (b) the energy of internal stresses is sufficient to reduce the melting temperature from 520 to 400 K for delta ->beta PT; (c) the nanocracking that appears during solidification does not change the PT thermodynamics and kinetics for the first and the second beta <->delta PT cycles; (d) delta ->beta PT starts at a very small driving force; (e) delta ->alpha and alpha ->delta PTs do not occur above 400 K and below 461 K, respectively. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mechanochem & Synth New Mat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Mechanochem & Synth New Mat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM valery.levitas@ttu.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 191907 DI 10.1063/1.2126795 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800020 ER PT J AU Macrander, AT Krasnicki, S Zhong, YC Maj, J Chu, YS AF Macrander, AT Krasnicki, S Zhong, YC Maj, J Chu, YS TI Strain mapping with parts-per-million resolution in synthetic type-Ib diamond plates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY MICRODIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS; FILMS AB A general method to map strain with parts per million (ppm) resolution in single-crystal wafers and plates is demonstrated. An x-ray technique has been used to obtain separate maps of strain and tilt across synthetic diamond growth sectors. Data consisting of rocking curve maps obtained with a charge coupled device detector were analyzed. The strain results image the growth sectors and reveal a strain pileup near the sector boundaries. The diamond was yellow to the eye due to nitrogen impurities. Not only the topography of the strain map, but also the strain magnitudes, are consistent with the strain arising from nitrogen impurities. High strain resolution in the ppm range is needed to observe these effects. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macrander, AT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macrander@aps.anl.gov NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 194113 DI 10.1063/1.2126790 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800089 ER PT J AU Shaner, EA Lee, M Wanke, MC Grine, AD Reno, JL Allen, SJ AF Shaner, EA Lee, M Wanke, MC Grine, AD Reno, JL Allen, SJ TI Single-quantum-well grating-gated terahertz plasmon detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; RESONANT DETECTION; INVERSION-LAYERS; RADIATION; SUBTERAHERTZ; MODES; WAVES AB A grating-gated field-effect transistor fabricated from a single-quantum well in a high-mobility GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructure is shown to function as a continuously electrically tunable photodetector of terahertz radiation via excitation of resonant plasmon modes in the well. Different harmonics of the plasmon wave vector are mapped, showing different branches of the dispersion relation. As a function of temperature, the resonant response magnitude peaks at around 30 K. Both photovoltaic and photoconductive responses have been observed under different incident power and bias conditions. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Terahertz Sci & Technol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Shaner, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eashane@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 193507 DI 10.1063/1.2128057 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800072 ER PT J AU Wang, RV McIntyre, PC Baniecki, JD Nomura, K Shioga, T Kurihara, K Ishii, M AF Wang, RV McIntyre, PC Baniecki, JD Nomura, K Shioga, T Kurihara, K Ishii, M TI Effect of Y doping and composition-dependent elastic strain on the electrical properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films deposited at 520 degrees C SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; STRONTIUM-TITANATE FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CAPACITORS; MICROSTRUCTURE; TUNABILITY; CONSTANT; YTTRIUM; BATIO3; BULK AB We demonstrate that large and simultaneous improvements in permittivity, tunability, and leakage current density of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST)-based thin-film capacitors can be achieved by yttrium doping. We have found that, for a low deposition temperature (520 degrees C) sputtering process, Y-doped BST capacitors exhibit tenfold lower leakage current density (< 10(-9) A/cm(2) at 100 KV/cm) and 70% higher permittivity than nominally undoped BST-based capacitors. Furthermore, this work suggests an intriguing correlation between dopant concentration-dependent elastic strain in the films and their enhanced dielectric properties. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Fujitsu Labs Ltd, Atsugi, Kanagawa 24301, Japan. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanomat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rvwang@anl.gov; baniecki@labs.fujitsu.com NR 27 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 87 IS 19 AR 192906 DI 10.1063/1.2125113 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 981AG UT WOS:000233058800053 ER PT J AU Thanos, PK Dimitrakakis, ES Rice, O Gifford, A Volkow, ND AF Thanos, PK Dimitrakakis, ES Rice, O Gifford, A Volkow, ND TI Ethanol self-administration and ethanol conditioned place preference are reduced in mice lacking cannabinoid CB1 receptors SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alcoholism; gene therapy; dependency; ingestive behavior; transgenic ID INDUCED DOPAMINE RELEASE; KNOCKOUT MICE; ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; FOOD-INTAKE; RAT-BRAIN; IN-VIVO; CONSUMPTION; ANTAGONIST AB Cannabinoids are postulated to play a role in modulating the reinforcing effects of abused drugs, including alcohol. Experiment 1 examined alcohol self-administration in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout (KO), heterozygous (HT) and wild type (WT) mice in a two-bottle choice paradigm. Mice were trained in a limited 8 h access/day to 10% (v/v) EtOH (EtOH) versus water. After baseline drinking levels (% EtOH preference and total EtOH intake (g/kg)), results indicated that the CB1 knockout mice displayed significantly lower baseline EtOH consumption compared to wild type mice. subsequently, treatment with SR141716A (5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated EtOH intake in the WT and HT mice but had little effect on the knockout mice. Experiment 2 examined the CB1 WT And CB 1 KO strains in a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure between saline and 2 g/kg EtOH. The CB1 WT mice spent significantly more time in the EtOH-paired versus saline-paired chambers, whereas no significant preference was observed in the CB1 KO mice. Finally, we observed that CB1 KO mice were significantly lighter than WT and HT and that SR 141716A did not significantly alter body weight. These results demonstrate that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor is an essential component of the molecular pathways underlying the reinforcing effects of alcohol. Thus, medications targeting the CB1 receptors may be beneficial for the treatment of alcoholism. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Pharmacol Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Thanos, PK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Pharmacol Lab, Bldg 490,30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM thanos@bnl.gov FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 11034, AA07574, AA07611] NR 57 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 164 IS 2 BP 206 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.06.021 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 973IC UT WOS:000232515100009 PM 16140402 ER PT J AU Williford, RE Li, XS Addleman, RS Fryxell, GE Baskaran, S Birnbaum, JC Coyle, C Zemanian, TS Wang, C Courtney, AR AF Williford, RE Li, XS Addleman, RS Fryxell, GE Baskaran, S Birnbaum, JC Coyle, C Zemanian, TS Wang, C Courtney, AR TI Mechanical stability of templated mesoporous silica thin films SO MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE mesoporous silica; thin films; nanoindentation; structural imperfection; power law exponent ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR SOLIDS; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; NONPERIODIC MICROSTRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; MCM-41; STRENGTH; ADSORPTION; POROSITY; MODULUS AB A surfactant templated mesoporous silica thin film is essentially an air-silica composite, with mechanical properties dominated by the more rigid component: the silica mesopore walls. It is often convenient to assume that mesopore wall properties are those of fused silica. However, we measured substantial reductions in wall density and elastic modulus (E-wall), due to incomplete silica condensation. Elastic moduli (E-film) of disordered (sponge-like) and ordered (honeycomb-like) thin films were measured by nanoindentation. Curve fits to the well-known modulus vs. film porosity (P) correlation, E-film/E-wall = (1-P)(n), gave a higher n = 2.5 for the sponge-like film, but a lower n = 2.2 for the honeycomb-like film, in contrast to theoretical expectations (n = 2 for sponge-like and n = 3 for honeycomb-like). Although properties such as the dielectric constant depend primarily on first-order structural information (P), the elastic modulus of structurally imperfect films may require second-order (pore wall thickness/diameter ratio) and third-order (pore connectivity) parameters to explain the data. The power law exponent n can vary continuously, depending on the details of the mesostructure. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williford, RE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop K2-44 POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Rick.Williford@pnl.gov NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-1811 J9 MICROPOR MESOPOR MAT JI Microporous Mesoporous Mat. PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 85 IS 3 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.06.024 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 978HM UT WOS:000232864200008 ER PT J AU Lewis, JC Wu, J Bergman, RG Ellman, JA AF Lewis, JC Wu, J Bergman, RG Ellman, JA TI Preagostic Rh-H interactions and C-H bond functionalization: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of rhodium(I) phosphinite complexes SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; DIRECT ORTHO ARYLATION; CARBON-HYDROGEN BONDS; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; AROMATIC IMINES; SCHIFF-BASE; N-H; ACTIVATION AB Three Rh-phosphinite complexes with the general structural formula [RhCl(i-Pr(2)POXy)(L)](2) (Xy = 2,3-xylyl; L = PPh3, PMe3, t-BuNC) were synthesized. Characterization of these complexes using crystallographic and spectroscopic techniques revealed rare examples of preagostic C-(HM)-M-... interactions. H-1 NMR chemical shielding calculations on a geometry-optimized model complex were used to provide a connection between the solution and solid-state data, which additionally supported assignment of the preagostic interaction. One of these Rh-phosphinite complexes (L = PPh3) was used to catalyze the ortho alkylation of phosphinites and phenols with an unactivated alkene. Finally, DFT calculations were used to provide evidence for the involvement of the observed preagostic interaction in the cyclometalation step of the catalytic cycle. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bergman@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013 NR 77 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 EI 1520-6041 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 23 BP 5737 EP 5746 DI 10.1021/om050700i PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 981DU UT WOS:000233068400031 ER PT J AU Clark, DL Gordon, JC Hay, PJ Poli, R AF Clark, DL Gordon, JC Hay, PJ Poli, R TI Existence and stability of lanthanide-main group element multiple bonds. New paradigms in the bonding of the 4f elements. A DFT study of CP(2)CeZ (Z = F+, O, NH, CH-, CH2 and the ligand adduct CP2Ce(CH2)(NH3) SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Review ID VALENT ORGANOURANIUM COMPLEXES; METAL-CARBON BONDS; ACTINIDE PHOSPHINIDENE COMPLEXES; D(0)F(N) TRANSITION-METALS; OXO-ALKYLIDENE COMPLEX; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRICYCLOPENTADIENYL CERIUM(IV); BISINDENYL CERIUM(IV); STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE AB We theoretically investigate the stability and nature of metal-ligand multiple bonding between the tetravalent lanthanide element cerium and a number of different ligand sets that commonly form metal-ligand multiple bonds in transition element chemistry. A comparison of electronic structure and bonding in a homologous series of bent metallocene complexes CP2CeF+, CP2CeO, CP2Ce(NH), CP2Ce(CH2), and CP2Ce(CH)(-) and the Lewis base adduct CP2Ce(CH2)(NH3) is presented. A direct comparison of bonding between CP2CeO and the transition element analogue CP2HfO is also discussed. We present an analysis of the Ce 4f and 5d orbital contribution to metal-ligand sigma and pi bonding interactions in Cp(2)CeZ complexes and suggest the types of ligand systems that might support metal-ligand multiple bonds between 4f series and main group elements. In Cp(2)CeZ systems, we find that the Ce-Cp interactions are best described as largely ionic in nature, whereas the Ce-Z interactions have a stronger covalent component. The optimized Ce-Z bonds are short, and the bonding analysis indicates the formation of metal-ligand a and pi bonds. Our theoretical studies suggest that a unique hybridization of Ce 4f, 5d, and 6p valence orbitals results in formation of very covalent metal-ligand sigma bonds when compared to the transition element analogue. In contrast, the hybridization of Ce 4f and 5d valence orbitals in pi bonds results in weaker metal-ligand pi bonding than in the transition element analogue. The main result of the present computational study is the recognition that species with terminal multiple bonds between lanthanide ions (such as tetravalent cerium) and main group elements appear to be legitimate synthetic targets. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CNRS, UPR 8241, Chim Coordinat Lab, F-31077 Toulouse, France. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Mail Stop E500, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM john.gordon@science.doe.gov RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Poli, Rinaldo/C-7483-2017 OI Poli, Rinaldo/0000-0002-5220-2515 NR 120 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 EI 1520-6041 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD NOV 7 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 23 BP 5747 EP 5758 DI 10.1021/om050693y PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 981DU UT WOS:000233068400032 ER PT J AU Castro, JM Manga, M Martin, MC AF Castro, JM Manga, M Martin, MC TI Vesiculation rates of obsidian domes inferred from H2O concentration profiles SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RHYOLITIC GLASSES; SILICIC VOLCANISM; LAVA DOMES; MAGMA; WATER; DIFFUSION; ASCENT; MELTS; MODEL AB Explosivity of rhyolite domes depends on bubble nucleation and growth. To understand these processes, we measure millimeter-scale variations in H2O by synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy on interlayered obsidian- pumice samples. The H2O contents of all samples are above the 1-atm solubility value (similar to 0.10 wt.%) and decrease systematically towards vesicular zones, indicating that gas bubbles were growing and that degassing of melt to atmospheric pressure was incomplete. H2O profiles are compared with models for water diffusion in order to constrain the temporal scale of vesiculation. Diffusion timescales range from 0.4 to 15 days, and represent the time between bubble nucleation and quenching. We use these results to estimate the duration of volatile exsolution and evaluate the timing of the formation of explosion pits frequently found on the surfaces of obsidian domes, though never witnessed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20012 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Castro, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM castroj@si.edu RI Manga, Michael/D-3847-2013; OI Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 5 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 21 AR L21307 DI 10.1029/2005GL024029 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 982LM UT WOS:000233159900005 ER PT J AU Agnew, SR Mehrotra, P Lillo, TM Stoica, GM Liaw, PK AF Agnew, SR Mehrotra, P Lillo, TM Stoica, GM Liaw, PK TI Crystallographic texture evolution of three wrought magnesium alloys during equal channel angular extrusion SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE magnesium; texture; ECAE; ECAP; ductility; anisotropy ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ALUMINUM; DUCTILITY; BEHAVIOR; ECAE; SLIP AB Texture strongly impacts the plasticity of metals and the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process has been demonstrated to induce unusual textures and enhance the room temperature ductility of magnesium alloys. This paper documents a wide range of textures that may be generated by ECAE of magnesium alloys. Considered broadly, the ECAE processing of magnesium alloys tends to produce (0 0 0 1) fiber textures. Unlike conventional rolling, which tends to produce (0 0 0 1) vertical bar vertical bar normal direction textures, the orientation of the (0 0 0 1) fiber texture (as well as its strength) is strongly affected by alloying additions and processing history. For example, route B-processing of Mg-Al-Zn (AZ) alloys tends to produce textures with (0 0 0 1) highly inclined (similar to 55 degrees) from the extrusion axis. This texture appears to promote excellent ductilities along the axis of the ECAE billets. End effects, which influence the distribution of strain and texture, are modeled. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 24590 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Environm & Energy Sci Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 24590 USA. EM agnew@virginia.edu RI Lilllo, Thomas/S-5031-2016 OI Lilllo, Thomas/0000-0002-7572-7883 NR 31 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 5 PY 2005 VL 408 IS 1-2 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.07.052 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 987NN UT WOS:000233524700010 ER PT J AU Enkrich, C Perez-Willard, R Gerthsen, D Zhou, JF Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM Wegener, M Linden, S AF Enkrich, C Perez-Willard, R Gerthsen, D Zhou, JF Koschny, T Soukoulis, CM Wegener, M Linden, S TI Focused-ion-beam nanofabrication of near-infrared magnetic metamaterials SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS AB Split-ring resonators with a magnetic resonance in the near-infrared have been fabricated using the rapid-prototyping capabilities of focused-ion-beam writing. By varying the design parameters, a continuous transition from a degenerate Mie resonance to a magnetic-dipole response is shown (see Figure). In particular, a negative magnetic permeability at a wavelength of 2.4 mu m and a negative magnetic susceptibility at a wavelength of 1.7 mu m are demonstrated. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Helmholtz Gemeinschaf, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Angew Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Karlsruhe TH, Lab Elektronenmikroskopie, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Linden, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Helmholtz Gemeinschaf, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM stefan.linden@physik.uni-karlsruhe.de RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Gerthsen, Dagmar/I-4448-2012; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009; Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342; NR 9 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 21 BP 2547 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200500804 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 983JF UT WOS:000233226900002 ER PT J AU Fan, HY Leve, E Gabaldon, J Wright, A Haddad, RE Brinker, CJ AF Fan, HY Leve, E Gabaldon, J Wright, A Haddad, RE Brinker, CJ TI Ordered two- and three-dimensional arrays self-assembled from water-soluble nanocrystal-micelles SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; QUANTUM DOTS; SUPERLATTICES; CDSE; DNA; MONODISPERSE; MONOLAYERS; MATRICES AB Two- and three-dimensional, ordered nanocrystal arrays are formed from the self-assembly of water-soluble nanocrystal-micelles that are prepared using surfactant encapsulation techniques. This new method is simple, widely applicable, and can be used to prepare water-soluble nanocrystals with different compositions and shapes, such as sphere, rod, and cube, as well as their ordered arrays (see Figure). Applications in fabrication of SERS-based sensor platforms are envisaged. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Nanomat Synth Dept, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fan, HY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Nanomat Synth Dept, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM hfan@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 21 BP 2587 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200501088 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 983JF UT WOS:000233226900012 ER PT J AU Vazquez-Chona, FR Khan, AN Chan, CK Moore, AN Dash, PK Hernandez, MR Lu, L Chesler, EJ Manly, KF Williams, RW Geisert, EE AF Vazquez-Chona, FR Khan, AN Chan, CK Moore, AN Dash, PK Hernandez, MR Lu, L Chesler, EJ Manly, KF Williams, RW Geisert, EE TI Genetic networks controlling retinal injury SO MOLECULAR VISION LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX TRAIT ANALYSIS; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; BRAIN-INJURY; RAT RETINA; EXPRESSION; ASTROCYTES; MULLER; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN AB Purpose: The present study defines genomic loci underlying coordinate changes in gene expression following retinal injury. Methods: A group of acute phase genes expressed in diverse nervous system tissues was defined by combining microarray results from injury studies from rat retina, brain, and spinal cord. Genomic loci regulating the brain expression of acute phase genes were identified using a panel of BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains. Candidate upstream regulators within a locus were defined using single nucleotide polymorphism databases and promoter motif databases. Results: The acute phase response of rat retina, brain, and spinal cord was dominated by transcription factors. Three genomic loci control transcript expression of acute phase genes in brains of BXD RI mouse strains. One locus was identified on chromosome 12 and was highly correlated with the expression of classic acute phase genes. Within the locus we identified the inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) as a candidate upstream regulator. Id2 was upregulated as an acute phase transcript in injury models of rat retina, brain, and spinal cord. Conclusions: We defined a group of transcriptional changes associated with the retinal acute injury response. Using genetic linkage analysis of natural transcript variation, we identified regulatory loci and candidate regulators that control transcript levels of acute phase genes. C1 Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Hamilton Eye Inst, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Genom & Bioinformat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Vivian L Smith Ctr Neurol Res, Dept Neurobiol & Anat, Houston, TX USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Geisert, EE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Hamilton Eye Inst, 930 Madison Ave,Suite 731, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. EM egeisert@utmem.edu OI Williams, Robert/0000-0001-8924-4447 FU NEI NIH HHS [5P30 EY13080, P30 EY013080, P30 EY013080-05, R01 EY006416, R01 EY012369, R01 EY012369-01A1, R01EY06416, R01EY12369]; NIAAA NIH HHS [U01 AA013499, U01 AA013513, U01AA13499, U24AA13513]; NIMH NIH HHS [P20 MH062009, P20-MH 62009]; NINDS NIH HHS [N01-NS-1-2339, NS35452] NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOLECULAR VISION PI ATLANTA PA C/O JEFF BOATRIGHT, LAB B, 5500 EMORY EYE CENTER, 1327 CLIFTON RD, N E, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA SN 1090-0535 J9 MOL VIS JI Mol. Vis. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 11 IS 113-15 BP 958 EP 970 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ophthalmology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ophthalmology GA 984AU UT WOS:000233275700003 PM 16288200 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Vazquez, WP Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Mohapatra, AK Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Pierini, M Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Coleman, JP Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Di Lodovico, F Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, B Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, P-F Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, S Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Kelly, MP Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Best, D Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Weinstein, AJR Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Jayatilleke, S Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, P Chen, S Ford, WT Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Rankin, P Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schott, G Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Azzolini, V Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, M Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Bailey, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Morton, GW Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Taylor, GP Vazquez, WP Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Mohapatra, AK Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, J Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Le Diberder, F Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Pierini, M Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Coleman, JP Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Di Lodovico, F Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, D Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Hodgkinson, MC Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Farbin, A Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Lillard, V Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Koptchev, VB Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, S Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, B Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Dorigo, A Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Wagner, G Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Giraud, P-F Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, S Thompson, JM Va'vra, J Weaver, M Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, M Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Prepost, R Tan, P von Wimmersperg-Toeller, JH Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Search for lepton-flavor and lepton-number violation in the decay tau(-)-> l(-+)h(+-)h '(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TAU-DECAYS; LIMIT AB A search for lepton-flavor and lepton-number violation in the decay of the tau lepton into one charged lepton and two charged hadrons is performed using 221.4 fb(-1) of data collected at an e(+)e(-) center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II storage ring. In all 14 decay modes considered, the observed data are compatible with background expectations, and upper limits are set in the range B(tau ->center dot lhh('))<(0.7-4.8)x10(-7) at 90% confidence level. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Dept Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dept Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Genoa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Univ London, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Lab Rene JA Levesque, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie Vew A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-34127 Valencia, Spain. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Sarti, Alessio/I-2833-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; crosetti, nanni/H-3040-2011; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; M, Saleem/B-9137-2013; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016 OI Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Sarti, Alessio/0000-0001-5419-7951; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636 NR 15 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 19 AR 191801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.191801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981BU UT WOS:000233062900014 PM 16383973 ER PT J AU Balicas, L Nakatsuji, S Hall, D Ohnishi, T Fisk, Z Maeno, Y Singh, DJ AF Balicas, L Nakatsuji, S Hall, D Ohnishi, T Fisk, Z Maeno, Y Singh, DJ TI Severe Fermi surface reconstruction at a metamagnetic transition in Ca2-xSrxRuO4 (for 0.2 <= x <= 0.5) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTT TRANSITION; SUPERCONDUCTOR SR2RUO4; MAGNETORESISTANCE; CA2-XSR(X)RUO4; DEPENDENCE AB We report an electrical transport study in Ca2-xSrxRuO4 single crystals at high magnetic fields (B). For x=0.2, the Hall constant R-xy decreases sharply at an anisotropic metamagnetic transition, reaching its value for Sr2RuO4 at high fields. A sharp decrease in the A coefficient of the resistivity T-2 term and a change in the structure of the angular magnetoresistance oscillations for B rotating in the planes confirms the reconstruction of the Fermi surface. Our observations and local-density-approximation calculations indicate a strong dependence of the Fermi surface on Ca concentration and suggest the coexistence of itinerant and localized electronic states in single layered ruthenates. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Amer Phys Soc, New York, NY 11961 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95916 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Balicas, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 19 AR 196407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.196407 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981BU UT WOS:000233062900047 PM 16384006 ER PT J AU Froula, DH Davis, P Divol, L Ross, JS Meezan, N Price, D Glenzer, SH Rousseaux, C AF Froula, DH Davis, P Divol, L Ross, JS Meezan, N Price, D Glenzer, SH Rousseaux, C TI Measurement of the dispersion of thermal ion-acoustic fluctuations in high-temperature laser plasmas using multiple-wavelength Thomson scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE; WAVES; PROFILES AB The dispersion of ion-acoustic fluctuations has been measured using a novel technique that employs multiple color Thomson-scattering diagnostics to measure the frequency spectrum for two separate thermal ion-acoustic fluctuations with significantly different wave vectors. The plasma fluctuations are shown to become dispersive with increasing electron temperature. We demonstrate that this technique allows a time resolved local measurement of electron density and temperature in inertial confinement fusion plasmas. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. CEA, DIF, Ctr Etud Bruyeres Le Chatel, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Froula, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-399, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM froula1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 19 AR 195005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.195005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981BU UT WOS:000233062900032 PM 16383991 ER PT J AU Kopnin, NB Mel'nikov, AS Pozdnyakova, VI Ryzhov, DA Shereshevskii, IA Vinokur, VM AF Kopnin, NB Mel'nikov, AS Pozdnyakova, VI Ryzhov, DA Shereshevskii, IA Vinokur, VM TI Giant oscillations of energy levels in mesoscopic superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING CHARACTERISTICS; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; STATES AB The interplay of geometrical and Andreev quantization in mesoscopic superconductors leads to giant mesoscopic oscillations of energy levels as functions of the Fermi momentum and/or sample size. Quantization rules are formulated for closed quasiparticle trajectories in the presence of normal scattering at the sample boundaries. Two generic examples of mesoscopic systems are studied: (i) one-dimensional Andreev states in a quantum box and (ii) a single vortex in a mesoscopic cylinder. C1 Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Microstruct, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aalto Univ, Low Temp Lab, POB 2200, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. RI Mel'nikov, Alexander/E-8099-2017 OI Mel'nikov, Alexander/0000-0002-4241-467X NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 19 AR 197002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.197002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981BU UT WOS:000233062900054 PM 16384013 ER PT J AU Ming, D Wall, ME AF Ming, D Wall, ME TI Allostery in a coarse-grained model of protein dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NETWORK MODEL; BINDING; MOTIONS; ENERGY AB We propose a criterion for optimal parameter selection in coarse-grained models of proteins and develop a refined elastic network model (ENM) of bovine trypsinogen. The unimodal density-of-states distribution of the trypsinogen ENM disagrees with the bimodal distribution obtained from an all-atom model; however, the bimodal distribution is recovered by strengthening interactions between atoms that are backbone neighbors. We use the backbone-enhanced model to analyze allosteric mechanisms of trypsinogen and find relatively strong communication between the regulatory and active sites. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ming, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 19 AR 198103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.198103 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981BU UT WOS:000233062900071 PM 16384030 ER PT J AU Rivera, MK Ecke, RE AF Rivera, MK Ecke, RE TI Pair dispersion and doubling time statistics in two-dimensional turbulence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INVERSE ENERGY CASCADE; PASSIVE TRACERS; DIFFUSION AB Experimental measurements of pair separation statistics in two-dimensional turbulence are reported for an electromagnetically forced stratified-layer system with simultaneous ranges of direct-enstrophy and inverse-energy transfer separated by a well-defined spatial injection scale. Data for pair separation as a function of time are analyzed to determine the dependence of separation statistics in both regimes. Using doubling-time statistics, we show how the measured scalings of the mean quantities are consistent with exponential behavior in the enstrophy range and power-law behavior in the inverse-energy range. Exponential scaling of the doubling-time probability distribution function agrees well with theoretical predictions. Finite size effects are shown to play an important role in the interpretation of the data. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rivera, MK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Ecke, Robert/0000-0001-7772-5876 NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 19 AR 194503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.194503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981BU UT WOS:000233062900026 PM 16383985 ER PT J AU Schaller, RD Pietryga, JM Goupalov, SV Petruska, MA Ivanov, SA Klimov, VI AF Schaller, RD Pietryga, JM Goupalov, SV Petruska, MA Ivanov, SA Klimov, VI TI Breaking the phonon bottleneck in semiconductor nanocrystals via multiphonon emission induced by intrinsic nonadiabatic interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFAST ENERGY RELAXATION; QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRON RELAXATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MECHANISM; PATHWAYS AB We observe ultrafast 1P-to-1S intraband relaxation in PbSe and CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) that have distinct energy spectra. While ultrafast dynamics in CdSe NCs has typically been interpreted in terms of electron-hole energy transfer, this mechanism is not active in PbSe NCs because of sparse densities of states in the conduction and valence bands. Our observations of temperature activation and confinement-enhanced relaxation in PbSe NCs can be explained by efficient multiphonon emission triggered by nonadiabatic electron-phonon interactions and are indicative of large, size-dependent, intraband Huang-Rhys parameters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schaller, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov RI Ivanov, Sergei/B-5505-2011 NR 29 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 19 AR 196401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.196401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981BU UT WOS:000233062900041 PM 16384000 ER PT J AU Shao, R Chisholm, MF Duscher, G Bonnell, DA AF Shao, R Chisholm, MF Duscher, G Bonnell, DA TI Low-temperature resistance anomaly at SrTiO3 grain boundaries: Evidence for an interface-induced phase transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; SOFT PHONON MODES; NB-DOPED SRTIO3; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL BARRIERS; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; MICROSCOPY; TRANSPORT AB Variable temperature transport between 1.4 and 300 K, structural imaging, and theoretical calculations were used to characterize the properties of electrically active 24 degrees and 36.8 degrees [001] tilt SrTiO3 grain boundaries with 0.1 at. % niobium doping. An anomaly in boundary resistance and capacitance characteristics typical of a positive temperature coefficient effect is observed. This behavior is indicative of interface-induced dipole ordering. The detailed atomic structures of these grain boundaries were determined from a comparison of ab initio calculations and Z-contrast TEM images. The number of excess electrons at the boundaries determined experimentally and theoretically agrees and is associated with the boundary structural units. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shao, R (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 95 IS 19 AR 197601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.197601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 981BU UT WOS:000233062900064 PM 16384023 ER PT J AU Schuwirth, BS Borovinskaya, MA Hau, CW Zhang, W Vila-Sanjurjo, A Holton, JM Cate, JHD AF Schuwirth, BS Borovinskaya, MA Hau, CW Zhang, W Vila-Sanjurjo, A Holton, JM Cate, JHD TI Structures of the bacterial ribosome at 3.5 angstrom resolution SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PEPTIDE-BOND FORMATION; AMINOACYL-TRANSFER-RNA; ELONGATION-FACTOR G; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MESSENGER-RNA; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CRYO-EM; SUBUNIT; TRANSLOCATION AB We describe two structures of the intact bacteria[ ribosome from Escherichia coli determined to a resolution of 3.5 angstroms by x-ray crystallography. These structures provide a detailed view of the interface between the small and large ribosomal subunits and the conformation of the peptidyl transferase center in the context of the intact ribosome. Differences between the two ribosomes reveal a high degree of flexibility between the head and the rest of the small subunit. Swiveling of the head of the small subunit observed in the present structures, coupled to-the ratchet-like motion of the two subunits observed previously, suggests a mechanism for the final movements of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) during translocation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Physiol Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Chem Crystallog, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Cate, JHD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcate@lbl.gov RI vila-sanjurjo, anton/L-1941-2014 OI vila-sanjurjo, anton/0000-0001-7820-1644 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA92584]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM65050] NR 72 TC 839 Z9 913 U1 13 U2 63 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 4 PY 2005 VL 310 IS 5749 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1126/science.1117230 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 981XR UT WOS:000233121800038 PM 16272117 ER PT J AU Jackson, JM Zhang, JZ Shu, JF Sinogeikin, SV Bass, JD AF Jackson, JM Zhang, JZ Shu, JF Sinogeikin, SV Bass, JD TI High-pressure sound velocities and elasticity of aluminous MgSiO3 perovskite to 45 GPa: Implications for lateral heterogeneity in Earth's lower mantle SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; SILICATE PEROVSKITE; TEMPERATURE; COMPRESSIBILITY; CONSTRAINTS; MECHANISM; PHASE AB Brillouin scattering measurements on aluminous magnesium silicate perovskite, arguably the most abundant phase in Earth, have been performed to 45 GPa in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature, using methanol-ethanol-water and neon as pressure transmitting media. The experiments were performed on a polycrystalline sample of aluminous MgSiO3 perovskite containing 5.1 +/- 0.2 wt.% Al2O3. The pressure derivatives of the adiabatic bulk (K-0S) and shear (mu(0S)) moduli are 3.7 +/- 0.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.2, respectively. These measurements allow us to evaluate whether the observed lateral variations of seismic wave speeds in Earth's lower mantle are due at least in part to a chemical origin. Our results indicate that a difference in the aluminum content of silicate perovskite, reflecting a variation in overall chemistry, is a plausible candidate for such seismic heterogeneity. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jjackson@aps.anl.gov RI Bass, Jay/G-2599-2013 NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 21 AR L21305 DI 10.1029/2005GL023522 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 982LJ UT WOS:000233159600002 ER PT J AU Springer, C Adalsteinsson, H Young, MM Kegelmeyer, PW Roe, DC AF Springer, C Adalsteinsson, H Young, MM Kegelmeyer, PW Roe, DC TI PostDOCK: A structural, empirical approach to scoring protein ligand complexes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ITERATIVE PARTIAL EQUALIZATION; ORBITAL ELECTRONEGATIVITY; MOLECULAR DOCKING; BINDING; SOLVATION; DATABASES; ENERGY; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; COOPERATIVITY AB In this work we introduce a postprocessing filter (PostDOCK) that distinguishes true binding ligand-protein complexes from docking artifacts (that are created by DOCK 4.0.1). PostDOCK is a pattern recognition system that relies on (1) a database of complexes, (2) biochemical descriptors of those complexes, and (3) machine learning tools. We use the protein databank (PDB) as the structural database of complexes and create diverse training and validation sets from it based on the "families of structurally similar proteins" (FSSP) hierarchy. For the biochemical descriptors, we consider terms from the DOCK score, empirical scoring, and buried solvent accessible surface area. For the machine-learners, we use a random forest classifier and logistic regression. Our results were obtained on a test set of 44 structurally diverse protein targets. Our highest performing descriptor combinations obtained similar to 19-fold enrichment (39 of 44 binding complexes were correctly identified, while only allowing 2 of 44 decoy complexes), and our best overall accuracy was 92%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Springer, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9951, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM clayton.springer@novartis.com NR 39 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 48 IS 22 BP 6821 EP 6831 DI 10.1021/jm0493360 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 980KL UT WOS:000233017300010 PM 16250641 ER PT J AU Batista, ER Martin, RL AF Batista, ER Martin, RL TI Exciton localization in a Pt-acetylide complex SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CORRELATION-ENERGY; DELOCALIZATION; ORBITALS; EXCHANGE; SINGLET; STATE AB We present a theoretical study of the low-lying electronic excitations in the [Pt(P(Bu-n)(3))(2)(ethynylbenzene)(2)] molecule. Although the ground electronic state possesses D-2h, symmetry, with both ethynylbenzene ligands being equivalent, in the excited state the molecule breaks the symmetry deforming along a b(3u) direction and localizing the excitation on a single ligand. This localized exciton is of 3 pi pi* nature with the unpaired electron and hole spread over one of the benzene rings and the ethyne linkage. The localization indicates an activated hopping mechanism for transport. Our estimate of the barrier is similar to 0.61 eV. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Batista, ER (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM erb@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 43 BP 9856 EP 9859 DI 10.1021/jp053139a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 979QK UT WOS:000232959700019 PM 16833300 ER PT J AU Nimlos, MR Filley, J McKinnon, JT AF Nimlos, MR Filley, J McKinnon, JT TI Hydrogen atom mediated Stone-Wales rearrangement of pyracyclene: A model for annealing in fullerene formation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; TRANSITION-STATES; CARBON; FLAMES; SOOT; C-60; ABSTRACTION; MOLECULES; PATHWAYS; C60 AB We have investigated the Stone-Wales (SW) rearrangement of pyracyclene (C14H12) using quantum mechanical molecular modeling. Of particular interest in this study is the effect of an added hydrogen atom on the barriers to SW rearrangement. Hydrogen atoms are found in high abundance during combustion, and their effect upon isomerization of aromatic compounds to more stable species may play an important role in the combustion synthesis of fullerenes. We have calculated the barriers for the SW rearrangement in pyracyclene using density functional theory B3LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-311G(d,p). Two mechanisms have been investigated: (i) a mechanism with two identical transition states of C, symmetry and a cyclobutyl intermediate and (ii) a mechanism with one transition state containing an spa carbon (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 5572-5580; Nature 1993, 366, 665-667). We find that the barriers for these mechanisms are 120.0 kcal mol(-1) for the cyclobutyl mechanism and 130.1 kcal mol(-1) for the spa mechanism. Adding a hydrogen atom to the internal bridge carbon atoms of pyracyclene reduces the barrier of the cyclobutyl mechanisms to 67.0 kcal mol(-1) and the spa mechanism to 73.1 kcal mol(-1). The bonding of carbon atoms in pyracyclene is similar to those found in isomers of C-60, and the barriers are low enough so that these reactions can become significant during fullerene synthesis in flames. Adding hydrogen atoms to the external bridge atoms on pyracyclene produces a smaller reduction in the SW barrier and adding hydrogen atoms to nonbridge external carbon atoms results in no reduction of the barrier. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nimlos, MR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 43 BP 9896 EP 9903 DI 10.1021/jp053441j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 979QK UT WOS:000232959700025 PM 16833306 ER PT J AU Prentice, D Pantoya, ML Clapsaddle, BJ AF Prentice, D Pantoya, ML Clapsaddle, BJ TI Effect of nanocomposite synthesis on the combustion performance of a ternary thermite SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS; MIXED-OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES; MAJOR PHASE; IRON-OXIDE; MECHANISMS; ROUTE AB Nanocomposite thermites are attractive materials for their diverse applications from metallurgy to ordnance technologies. While there are a plethora of combinations of fuel and oxidizers, this work shows that the composite's overall performance is intimately tied to how the fuel and oxidizer are prepared and combined. Comparison of the combustion velocities of two separate ternary mixtures of Al-Fe2O3-SiO2, one prepared in situ using sol-gel processing and the other prepared by physically mixing discrete nanoscale particles, demonstrated different burning behaviors as a result of preparation technique, The stoichiometry of the two sets of thermite was varied to examine the influence of SiO2 on combustion velocity as a means to control the reaction behavior. For pure Fe2O3 + Al reactions, results show that the sol-gel synthesized materials (40 m/s) exhibit increased velocities over the physically mixed materials (9 m/s) by approximately 4 times. This trend is not observed, however, upon addition of SiO2 to the thermite mixture; ternary thermites with 40 wt % SiO2 showed decreased burn velocities of 0.02 m/s for sol-gel prepared thermites compared to 0.2 m/s for their physically mixed counterparts. The observed trends are believed to be caused by the unique mixing between the Fe2O3 and SiO2 phases resulting from the two synthesis techniques. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 43 BP 20180 EP 20185 DI 10.1021/jp0534481 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 979QL UT WOS:000232959800019 PM 16853608 ER PT J AU Garrett-Roe, S Shipman, ST Szymanski, P Strader, ML Yang, A Harris, CB AF Garrett-Roe, S Shipman, ST Szymanski, P Strader, ML Yang, A Harris, CB TI Ultrafast electron dynamics at metal interfaces: Intraband relaxation of image state electrons as friction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION; FEMTOSECOND DYNAMICS; POTENTIAL STATES; SURFACE; FIELDS; LIFETIMES; MOMENTUM; PARALLEL; FORCES AB Two-photon photoemission of image potential states above monolayers of p-xylene/Ag(l 11) shows that electrons with different momenta have very different rise and decay rates as a function of parallel momentum. The dynamics are due to energy and momentum loss (intraband relaxation), which we model as a stochastic process isomorphic to the overdamped motion of a harmonic oscillator. The method extracts a friction coefficient from the data which can be explained by electron-electron scattering in a formalism based on the Lindhard dielectric function. One-electron excitations (interband transistions) dominate the dissipation mechanism, with a smaller contribution from collective electronic excitations (plasmons). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbharris@berkeley.edu RI Garrett-Roe, Sean/C-6037-2011 OI Garrett-Roe, Sean/0000-0001-6199-8773 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 43 BP 20370 EP 20378 DI 10.1021/jp051977z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 979QL UT WOS:000232959800047 PM 16853636 ER PT J AU Genson, KL Holzmuller, J Villacencio, OF McGrath, DV Vaknin, D Tsukruk, VV AF Genson, KL Holzmuller, J Villacencio, OF McGrath, DV Vaknin, D Tsukruk, VV TI Langmuir and grafted monolayers of photochromic amphiphilic monodendrons of low generations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; SPHERICAL SUPRAMOLECULAR DENDRIMERS; REVERSIBLE OPTICAL STORAGE; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; AZO POLYMERS; BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS AB Four generations of monodendrons with multiple dodecyl alkyl tails (AA-N, N representing number of alkyl tails from I to 8), an azobenzene spacer group, and a carboxylic acid polar head have been Studied at the air-water and air-solid interface using AFM, GIXD, X-ray reflectivity, and UV-vis spectrometry. The one and two tail molecules formed orthorhombic lateral packing with long-range intramonolayer ordering. Good agreement between molecular models and thickness measurements indicated that the one and two tail molecules orient along the surface normal. The increase in the cross-sectional mismatch caused by the presence of the multiple chains for the higher generations disrupted the long-range ordering and forced the alkyl tails to adopt quasi-hexagonal structure. The higher generations (AA-4 and AA-8) formed a kinked structure with the alkyl tails oriented perpendicular to the surface with the azobenzene group tilted at a large degree toward the surface. The photoisomerization behavior in dilute solutions, at the air-water interface, and for grafted C, layers demonstrated that lower generation monodendrons maintained the photochromic behavior after chemical (grafting to the silicon substrates, although the confinement of the molecules in monolayers significantly increased the reorganization time. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM vladimir@iastate.edu RI McGrath, Dominic/A-7675-2012; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 43 BP 20393 EP 20402 DI 10.1021/jp0524678 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 979QL UT WOS:000232959800050 PM 16853639 ER PT J AU Whitney, AV Elam, JW Zou, SL Zinovev, AV Stair, PC Schatz, GC Van Duyne, RP AF Whitney, AV Elam, JW Zou, SL Zinovev, AV Stair, PC Schatz, GC Van Duyne, RP TI Localized surface plasmon resonance nanosensor: A high-resolution distance-dependence study using atomic layer deposition SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NANOSCALE OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; NOBLE-METAL NANOPARTICLES; THIN-FILM GROWTH; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; ALUMINUM; SENSORS; WATER; OXIDE AB Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit 1-600 monolayers of Al2O3 on Ag nanotriangles fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL). Each monolayer of Al2O3 has a thickness of I A A. It is demonstrated that the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) nanosensor can detect Al2O3 film growth with atomic spatial resolution normal to the nanoparticle surface. This is approximately 10 times greater spatial resolution than that in our previous long-range distance-dependence study using multilayer self-assembled monolayer shells. The use of ALD enables the study of both the long- and short-range distance dependence of the LSPR nanosensor in a single unified experiment. Ag nanoparticles with fixed in-plane widths and decreasing heights yield larger sensing distances. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, and quartz crystal microbalance measurements are used to study the growth mechanism. It is proposed that the growth of Al2O3 is initiated by the decomposition of trimethylaluminum on Ag. Semiquantitative theoretical calculations were compared with the experimental results and yield excellent agreement. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Van Duyne, RP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM vanduyne@chem.northwestern.edu NR 25 TC 215 Z9 215 U1 10 U2 135 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 43 BP 20522 EP 20528 DI 10.1021/jp0540656 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 979QL UT WOS:000232959800067 PM 16853656 ER PT J AU Ocherashvili, A Moinester, MA Russ, J Engelfried, J Torres, I Akgun, U Alkhazov, G Amaro-Reyes, J Atamantchouk, AG Ayan, AS Balatz, MY Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AME Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Evdokimov, AV Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Gulmez, E Kangling, H Iori, M Jun, SY Kaya, M Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AP Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, V Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lach, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Li, YS Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Mao, CS Mao, ZL Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, SV Pogodin, P Procario, M Prutskoi, VA Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmyslovich, BV Rud, VI Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Vazquez-Jauregui, E Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Zhao, WH Zheng, SC Zukanovich-Funchal, R AF Ocherashvili, A Moinester, MA Russ, J Engelfried, J Torres, I Akgun, U Alkhazov, G Amaro-Reyes, J Atamantchouk, AG Ayan, AS Balatz, MY Bondar, NF Cooper, PS Dauwe, LJ Davidenko, GV Dersch, U Dolgolenko, AG Dzyubenko, GB Edelstein, R Emediato, L Endler, AME Eschrich, I Escobar, CO Evdokimov, AV Filimonov, IS Garcia, FG Gaspero, M Giller, I Golovtsov, VL Gouffon, P Gulmez, E Kangling, H Iori, M Jun, SY Kaya, M Kilmer, J Kim, VT Kochenda, LM Konorov, I Kozhevnikov, AP Krivshich, AG Kruger, H Kubantsev, MA Kubarovsky, V Kulyavtsev, AI Kuropatkin, NP Kurshetsov, VF Kushnirenko, A Kwan, S Lach, J Lamberto, A Landsberg, LG Larin, I Leikin, EM Li, YS Luksys, M Lungov, T Maleev, VP Mao, D Mao, CS Mao, ZL Mathew, P Mattson, M Matveev, V McCliment, E Molchanov, VV Morelos, A Nelson, KD Nemitkin, AV Neoustroev, PV Newsom, C Nilov, AP Nurushev, SB Onel, Y Ozel, E Ozkorucuklu, S Penzo, A Petrenko, SV Pogodin, P Procario, M Prutskoi, VA Ramberg, E Rappazzo, GF Razmyslovich, BV Rud, VI Schiavon, P Simon, J Sitnikov, AI Skow, D Smith, VJ Srivastava, M Steiner, V Stepanov, V Stutte, L Svoiski, M Terentyev, NK Thomas, GP Uvarov, LN Vasiliev, AN Vavilov, DV Vazquez-Jauregui, E Verebryusov, VS Victorov, VA Vishnyakov, VE Vorobyov, AA Vorwalter, K You, J Zhao, WH Zheng, SC Zukanovich-Funchal, R CA SELEX Collaboration TI Confirmation of the doubly charmed baryon Epsilon(+)(cc)(3520) via its decay to pD(+)K(-) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE doubly charmed baryon ID LIFETIMES; SIGMA(-); PI(-) AB We observe a signal for the doubly charmed baryon Xi(cc)(+) in the decay mode Xi(cc)(+) -> pD(+)K(-) to complement the previous cc reported decay Xi(cc)(+) -> Lambda(c)(+)K(-)pi(+) in data from SELEX, the charm hadroproduction experiment at Fermilab. In this new decay mode we observe an excess of 5.62 events over a combinatoric background estimated by event mixing to be 1.38 +/- 0.13 events. The mixed background has Gaussian statistics, giving a signal significance of 4.8 sigma. The Poisson probability that a background fluctuation can produce the apparent signal is less than 6.4 x 10(-4). The observed mass of this state is 3518 +/- 3 MeV/c(2), consistent with the published result. Averaging the two results gives a mass of 3518.7 +/- 1.7 MeV/c(2). The observation of this new weak decay mode confirms the previous SELEX suggestion that this state is a double charm baryon. The relative branching ratio for these two modes is 0.36 +/- 0.21. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Univ Fed Paraiba, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Michigan, Flint, MI 48502 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. RP Ocherashvili, A (reprint author), Ball State Univ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. EM jurgen@ifisica.uaslp.mx RI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/C-5829-2013; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; Maleev, Victor/R-4140-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Zukanovich Funchal, Renata/0000-0001-6749-0022; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; NR 12 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.043 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 979OX UT WOS:000232955800003 ER PT J AU Allton, CR Armour, W Leinweber, DB Thomas, AW Young, RD AF Allton, CR Armour, W Leinweber, DB Thomas, AW Young, RD TI Chiral and continuum extrapolation of partially-quenched lattice results SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NONPERTURBATIVE O(A) IMPROVEMENT; PERTURBATION-THEORY; FINITE-VOLUME; MASS; QCD; SYMMETRY; FERMIONS; VECTOR; SCALE; MESON AB The vector meson mass is extracted from a large sample of partially quenched, two-flavor lattice QCD simulations. For the first time, discretisation, finite-volume and partial quenching artefacts are treated in a unified framework which is consistent with the low-energy behaviour of QCD. This analysis incorporates the leading infrared behaviour dictated by chiral effective field theory. As the two-pion decay channel cannot be described by a low-energy expansion alone, a highly-constrained model for the decay channel of the rho-meson is introduced. The latter is essential for extrapolating lattice results from the quark-mass regime where the rho is observed to be a physical bound state. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. Univ Adelaide, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Allton, CR (reprint author), Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. EM young@jlab.org RI Young, Ross/H-8207-2012; Leinweber, Derek/J-6705-2013; Armour, Wes/G-6883-2012; Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; OI Leinweber, Derek/0000-0002-4745-6027; Armour, Wes/0000-0003-1756-3064; Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Allton, Christopher/0000-0003-0795-124X NR 37 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 3 PY 2005 VL 628 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.020 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 979OX UT WOS:000232955800015 ER PT J AU Phillips, WS Hartse, HE Rutledge, JT AF Phillips, WS Hartse, HE Rutledge, JT TI Amplitude ratio tomography for regional phase Q SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIBETAN PLATEAU; LG ATTENUATION; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; CENTRAL-ASIA; PROPAGATION; WAVES; CHINA; HZ AB We image regional seismic phase attenuation (Q) by extending amplitude ratio techniques, which are widely used to determine average Q within a sampled region, to obtain laterally varying Q structure using tomographic techniques. The method assumes that source radiation is isotropic and that the amplitude ratios can be modeled by a two-dimensional Q map and relative site terms. Application to 2286, 1-Hz L-g amplitudes from 816 events recorded at 35 central and east Asia stations yields a misfit of 0.09 log(10) units, a variance reduction of 73%, relative to the uniform Q model that best fits the data, and laterally varying Q from 100 to 1000, with patterns closely following regional geology. The image is resolved, on average, to 2.5 degrees, with resolution peaking at 1.5 degrees in the best covered areas, which is remarkable given the sparse station geometry employed. The high resolution results from the dense distribution of earthquake sources, and is aided by the increased confidence in source locations provided by merging catalogs from many different agencies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Phillips, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS D408, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wsp@lanl.gov; hartse@lanl.gov; jrutledge@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 21 AR L21301 DI 10.1029/2005GL023870 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 982LI UT WOS:000233159400004 ER PT J AU Avila, MA Takabatake, T Takahashi, Y Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Avila, MA Takabatake, T Takahashi, Y Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC TI Direct observation of Fe spin reorientation in single-crystalline YbFe6Ge6 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RFE6GE6 COMPOUNDS; FE-57 MOSSBAUER; COMPOUNDS R; RMN6SN6 R; LU; GD; ER; TBMN6GE6 AB We have grown single crystals of YbFe6Ge6 and LuFe6Ge6 and characterized their anisotropic behaviour through low-field magnetic susceptibility, field-dependent magnetization, resistivity and heat capacity measurements. The Yb3+ valency is confirmed by L-III XANES measurements. YbFe6Ge6 crystals exhibit a field-dependent, sudden reorientation of the Fe spins at about 63 K, a unique effect in the RFe6Ge6 family (R = rare earths), where the Fe ions order anti-ferromagnetically with Neel temperatures above 450 K and the R ions' magnetism appears to behave independently. The possible origins of this unusual behaviour of the ordered Fe moments in this compound are discussed. C1 Hiroshima Univ, ADSM, Dept Quantum Matter, Higashihiroshima 7398530, Japan. Hiroshima Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Syst Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Avila, MA (reprint author), Hiroshima Univ, ADSM, Dept Quantum Matter, Higashihiroshima 7398530, Japan. RI Avila, Marcos/B-3578-2008; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Takabatake, Toshiro/L-2882-2014; Takahashi, Yoshio/F-6733-2011 OI Avila, Marcos/0000-0002-3796-3244; Takabatake, Toshiro/0000-0002-3293-8592; NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 43 BP 6969 EP 6979 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/43/014 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 988JF UT WOS:000233589700019 ER PT J AU Feng, J Miedaner, A Ahrenlkiel, P Himmel, ME Curtis, C Ginley, D AF Feng, J Miedaner, A Ahrenlkiel, P Himmel, ME Curtis, C Ginley, D TI Self-assembly of photoactive TiO2-cyclodextrin wires SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TIO2 SURFACES; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOLYSIS; OXIDATION; EFFICIENT; OXIDE C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM miko_himmel@nrel.gov NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 43 BP 14968 EP 14969 DI 10.1021/ja054448h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 979HV UT WOS:000232933900008 PM 16248603 ER PT J AU Yano, J Pushkar, Y Glatzel, P Lewis, A Sauer, K Messinger, J Bergmann, U Yachandra, V AF Yano, J Pushkar, Y Glatzel, P Lewis, A Sauer, K Messinger, J Bergmann, U Yachandra, V TI High-resolution Mn EXAFS of the oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II: Structural implications for the Mn4Ca cluster SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; MANGANESE; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; S-0 C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Melvin Calvin Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yachandra, V (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM vkyachandra@lbl.gov RI Glatzel, Pieter/E-9958-2010; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 OI Glatzel, Pieter/0000-0001-6532-8144; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630, RR-08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R56 GM055302, GM-55302, GM-65440, R01 GM055302, R01 GM065440] NR 22 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 43 BP 14974 EP 14975 DI 10.1021/ja054873a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 979HV UT WOS:000232933900011 PM 16248606 ER PT J AU Del Negro, AS Wang, ZM Seliskar, WR Heineman, WR Sullivan, BP Hightower, SE Hubler, TL Bryan, SA AF Del Negro, AS Wang, ZM Seliskar, WR Heineman, WR Sullivan, BP Hightower, SE Hubler, TL Bryan, SA TI Luminescence from the trans-Dioxotechnetium(V) chromophore SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE LUMINESCENCE; TRANS-DIOXORHENIUM(V) COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-ABSORPTION; PHOTOREDOX REACTIONS; VIBRONIC STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; CUBIC-CRYSTALS; OXO COMPLEXES; SINGLE DEVICE; SPECTRA C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Hubler, TL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tim.hubler@pni.gov; sam.bryan@pnl.gov RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; Bryan, Samuel/D-5457-2015 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; Bryan, Samuel/0000-0001-5664-3249 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 43 BP 14978 EP 14979 DI 10.1021/ja054906m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 979HV UT WOS:000232933900013 PM 16248608 ER PT J AU Webster, CE Gross, CL Young, DM Girolami, GS Schultz, AJ Hall, MB Eckert, J AF Webster, CE Gross, CL Young, DM Girolami, GS Schultz, AJ Hall, MB Eckert, J TI Electronic and steric effects on molecular dihydrogen activation in [Cp*OsH4(L)](+) (L = PPh3, AsPh3, and PCy3) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TRANSITION-METALS; POLARIZATION FUNCTIONS; POLYHYDRIDE COMPLEXES; HYDROGEN; COORDINATION; SPECTROMETER; DIFFRACTION AB Single-crystal neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering, and density functional calculations provide experimental and theoretical analyses of the nature of the osmium-bound, "elongated" dihydrogen ligands in [Cp*OsH4(L)][BF4] complexes (L = PPh3, AsPh3, or PCy3). The PPh3 and AsPh3 complexes clearly contain one dihydrogen ligand and two terminal hydrides; the H-2 ligand is transoid to the Lewis base, and the H-H vector connecting the central two hydrogen atoms lies parallel to the Ct-Os-L plane (Ct = centroid of Cp* ring). In contrast, in the PCy3 complex the H-H vector is perpendicular to the Ct-Os-L plane. Not only the orientation of the central two hydrogen atoms but also the H-H bond length between them depends significantly on the nature of L: the H center dot center dot center dot H distance determined from neutron diffraction is 1.01(1) and 1.08(1) angstrom for L = PPh3 and AsPh3, respectively, but 1.31(3) angstrom for L = PCy3. Density functional calculations show that there is a delicate balance of electronic and steric influences created by the L ligand that change the molecular geometry (steric interactions between the Cp* and L groups most importantly change the Ct-Os-L angle), changing the relative energy of the Os 5d orbitals, which in turn govern the H-H distance, preferred H-H orientation, and rotational dynamics of the elongated dihydrogen ligand. The geometry of the dihydrogen ligand is further tuned by interactions with the BF4- counterion. The rotational barrier of the bound H-2 ligand in [Cp*OsH4(PPh3)](+), determined experimentally (3.1 kcal mol(-1)) from inelastic neutron scattering experiments, is in reasonable agreement with the B3LYP calculated H-2 rotational barrier (2.5 kcal mol(-1)). C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Girolami, GS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM girolami@scs.uiuc.edu RI Hall, Michael/B-9118-2013; OI Hall, Michael/0000-0003-3263-3219; Webster, Charles Edwin/0000-0002-6917-2957 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 43 BP 15091 EP 15101 DI 10.1021/ja052336k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 979HV UT WOS:000232933900053 PM 16248648 ER PT J AU Agarwal, PK AF Agarwal, PK TI Role of protein dynamics in reaction rate enhancement by enzymes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE CATALYSIS; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY TRANSFER; RATE-PROMOTING VIBRATIONS; CYCLOPHILIN-A; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HYDRIDE TRANSFER; MOTIONS; ISOMERIZATION AB An integrated view of protein structure, dynamics, and function is emerging, where proteins are considered as dynamically active assemblies and internal motions are closely linked to function such as enzyme catalysis. Further, the motion of solvent bound to external regions of protein impacts internal motions and, therefore, protein function. Recently, we discovered a network of protein vibrations in enzyme cyclophilin A, coupled to its catalytic activity of pepticlyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization. Detailed studies suggest that this network, extending from surface regions to active site, is a conserved part of enzyme structure and has a role in promoting catalysis. In this report, theoretical investigations of concerted conformational fluctuations occurring on microsecond and longer time scales within the discovered network are presented. Using a new technique, kinetic energy was added to protein vibrational modes corresponding to conformational fluctuations in the network. The results reveal that protein dynamics promotes catalysis by altering transition state barrier crossing behavior of reaction trajectories. An increase in transmission coefficient and number of productive trajectories with increasing amounts of kinetic energy in vibrational modes is observed. Variations in active site enzyme-substrate interactions near transition state are found to be correlated with barrier recrossings. Simulations also showed that energy transferred from first solvation shell to surface residues impacts catalysis through network fluctuations. The detailed characterization of network presented here indicates that protein dynamics plays a role in rate enhancement by enzymes. Therefore, coupled networks in enzymes have wide implications in understanding allostericity and cooperative effects, as well as protein engineering and drug design. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agarwal, PK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM agarwalpk@ornl.gov NR 65 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 43 BP 15248 EP 15256 DI 10.1021/ja055251s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 979HV UT WOS:000232933900072 PM 16248667 ER PT J AU Bragg, AE Verlet, JRR Kammrath, A Cheshnovsky, O Neumark, DM AF Bragg, AE Verlet, JRR Kammrath, A Cheshnovsky, O Neumark, DM TI Electronic relaxation dynamics of water cluster anions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; HYDRATED-ELECTRON; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; EXCESS ELECTRONS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; QUANTUM SIMULATION; FEMTOSECOND-TIME AB The electronic relaxation dynamics of water cluster anions, (H2O)(n)(-), have been studied with time-resolved photoelectron imaging. In this investigation, the excess electron was excited through the p <- s transition with an ultrafast laser pulse, with subsequent electronic evolution monitored by photodetachment. All excited-state lifetimes exhibit a significant isotope effect (tau(D2O)/tau(H2O) similar to 2). Additionally, marked dynamical differences are found for two classes of water cluster anions, isomers I and II, previously assigned as clusters with internally solvated and surface-bound electrons, respectively. Isomer I clusters with n >= 25 decay exclusively by internal conversion, with relaxation times that extrapolate linearly with 1/n toward an internal conversion lifetime of 50 fs in bulk water. Smaller isomer I clusters (13 <= n <= 25) decay through a combination of excited-state autodetachment and internal conversion. The relaxation of isomer II clusters shows no significant size dependence over the range of n = 60-100, with autodetachment an important decay channel following excitation of these clusters. Photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) were measured for isomer I and isomer II clusters. The large differences in dynamical trends, relaxation mechanisms, and PADs between large isomer I and isomer II clusters are consistent with their assignment to very different electron binding motifs. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Verlet, Jan/G-5940-2012 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Verlet, Jan/0000-0002-9480-432X NR 78 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 2 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 43 BP 15283 EP 15295 DI 10.1021/ja052811e PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 979HV UT WOS:000232933900076 PM 16248671 ER PT J AU Zwart, PH AF Zwart, PH TI Anomalous signal indicators in protein crystallography SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BIJVOET DIFFERENCES; PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION; ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTALS; PHASE DETERMINATION; HEAVY-ATOMS; JOLLY SAD; DISPERSION AB A Monte Carlo procedure is described that generates random structure factors with simulated errors corresponding to an X-ray data set of a protein of a specific size and given heavy-atom content. The simulated data set can be used to estimate Bijvoet ratios and figures of merit as obtained from SAD phasing routines and can be used to gauge the feasibility of solving a structure via the SAD method. In addition to being able to estimate results from phasing, the simulation allows the estimation of the correlation coefficient between |Delta F|, the absolute Bijvoet amplitude difference, and F-A, the structure-factor amplitude of the heavy-atom model. As this quantity is used in various substructure-solution routines, the estimate provides a rough estimate of the ease of substructure solution. Furthermore, the Monte Carlo procedure provides an easy way of estimating the number of significant Bijvoet intensity differences, denoted as the measurability, and is proposed as an intuitive measure of the quality of anomalous data. C1 SAIC Frederick Inc, Argonne Natl Labs, Basic Res Programme, Argonne, IL 60549 USA. RP Zwart, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM phzwart@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400] NR 72 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 BP 1437 EP 1448 DI 10.1107/S0907444905023589 PN 11 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 975RS UT WOS:000232680200001 PM 16239720 ER PT J AU McKee, EW Kanbi, LD Childs, KL Grosse-Kuntsleve, RW Adams, PD Sacchettini, JC Ioerger, TR AF McKee, EW Kanbi, LD Childs, KL Grosse-Kuntsleve, RW Adams, PD Sacchettini, JC Ioerger, TR TI FINDMOL: automated identification of macromolecules in electron-density maps SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROTEIN; SOFTWARE; SYSTEM; RECOGNITION; RESOLUTION; SUBUNITS; COMPLEX; ENZYME AB Automating the determination of novel macromolecular structures via X-ray crystallographic methods involves building a model into an electron-density map. Unfortunately, the conventional crystallographic asymmetric unit volumes are usually not well matched to the biological molecular units. In most cases, the facets of the asymmetric unit cut the molecules into a number of disconnected fragments, rendering interpretation by the crystallographer significantly more difficult. The FINDMOL algorithm is designed to quickly parse the arrangement of trace points ( pseudo-atoms) derived from a skeletonized electron-density map without requiring higher level prior information such as sequence information or number of molecules in the asymmetric unit. The algorithm was tested with a variety of density-modified maps computed with medium-to low-resolution data. Typically, the resulting volume resembles the biological unit. In the remaining cases the number of disconnected fragments is very small. In all examples, secondary-structural elements such as alpha-helices or beta-sheets are easily identifiable in the defragmented arrangement. FINDMOL can greatly assist a crystallographer during manual model building or in cases where automatic model building can only build partial models owing to limitations of the data such as low resolution and/or poor phases. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ioerger, TR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 301 HR Bright Bldg,3112 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM ioerger@cs.tamu.edu RI Childs, Kevin/C-9513-2014; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Childs, Kevin/0000-0002-3680-062X; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-63210] NR 31 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 BP 1514 EP 1520 DI 10.1107/S0907444905027332 PN 11 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 975RS UT WOS:000232680200010 PM 16239729 ER PT J AU Soares, AS Vekhter, Y AF Soares, AS Vekhter, Y TI Experimental methods for measuring accurate high-amplitude phases and their importance in isomorphous replacement experiments SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TRIPLET PHASES; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; INTERFERENCE; FEASIBILITY; CRYSTALS; PROTEIN AB Conventional experimental phasing methods are most accurate for moderate-resolution reflections, with progressively greater ambiguity in the phases of reflections away from this optimal point. Frequently, very strong ( usually low-resolution) reflections are either poorly phased or altogether unrecorded. While the spatial frequency of these reflections is predominantly too low to dramatically affect the calculated electron density at an atomic level, they have a dominant impact on the determination of the large-scale distribution of matter in the unit cell. Consequently, while these few strong reflections play only a peripheral role in the latter stages of a structure-determination project, they are crucial to the success of initial phasing and model-building efforts. Here, the pivotal importance of a limited number of strong/low-resolution reflection phases is shown and a procedure to derive these phases is described. The improvement in map correlation coefficients after density modification of a marginal 'starting' MAD data set ( obtained from two Zn atoms at special positions in rhombohedral insulin crystals) was compared with the improvement in map correlation coefficients observed after density modification of an 'expanded' data set obtained by combining a limited number of highly accurate phases measured using three-beam diffraction with the 'starting' MAD data. It is concluded that a small number of high-amplitude/ low-resolution reflections contribute disproportionately to generating an initial structure and it is suggested that a small number of triplet phases could be measured quickly and combined with experimental isomorphous replacement phases in order to move stubborn structures for novel proteins down the structure-solution pathway. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Soares, AS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM soares@bnl.gov RI Soares, Alexei/F-4800-2014 OI Soares, Alexei/0000-0002-6565-8503 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 BP 1521 EP 1527 DI 10.1107/S0907444905027423 PN 11 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 975RS UT WOS:000232680200011 PM 16239730 ER PT J AU Chen, JR Lager, GA Kunz, M Hansen, TC Ulmer, P AF Chen, JR Lager, GA Kunz, M Hansen, TC Ulmer, P TI A Rietveld refinement using neutron powder diffraction data of a fully deuterated topaz, Al2SiO4(OD)(2) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article ID LOCATION AB The structure of topaz-OD, dialuminium orthosilicate dihydroxide, Al2SiO4(OD)2, was refined in the space group Pbnm by Rietveld analysis of constant wavelength neutron powder diffraction data. Two non-equivalent half-occupied deuterium positions were located. Each D atom is characterized by an irregular trifurcated hydrogen-bond geometry. The refined hydrogen-bond distances are in the ranges 2.038 (5)-2.281 (6) and 2.280 (5)-2.524 (6) A for the two D atoms. Hydrogen-bond angles range from 83.6 (4) to 151.9 (4)degrees. Results indicate that it is feasible to characterize the hydrogen bonding in small-volume samples (25 mg) synthesized at high pressure and temperature. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Geog & Geosci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. ETH Zentrum, Lab Kristallog, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Chen, JR (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Geog & Geosci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. EM j0chen15@louisville.edu RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012; D20, Diffractometer/O-3123-2013; Hansen, Thomas/A-2729-2012 OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900; D20, Diffractometer/0000-0002-1572-1367; Hansen, Thomas/0000-0003-4611-2393 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 BP I253 EP I255 DI 10.1107/S1600536805034811 PN 11 PG 3 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 979SP UT WOS:000232965400012 ER PT J AU Olchowy, J Jedrzejczak, R Milewski, S Rypniewski, W AF Olchowy, J Jedrzejczak, R Milewski, S Rypniewski, W TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the isomerase domain of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase from Candida albicans SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSAMINE 6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; ANGSTROM CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INTERMEDIATE; SUBSTRATE; ANALOGS C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bioorgan Chem, PL-61704 Poznan, Poland. Gdansk Univ Technol, Dept Pharmaceut Technol & Biochem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rypniewski, W (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bioorgan Chem, Ul Noskowskiego 12-14, PL-61704 Poznan, Poland. EM wojtekr@ibch.poznan.pl NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 BP 994 EP 996 DI 10.1107/S174430910503318X PN 11 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 978RH UT WOS:000232890200010 PM 16511216 ER PT J AU Zhen, T Barsoum, MW Kalidindi, SR Radovic, M Sun, ZM El-Raghy, T AF Zhen, T Barsoum, MW Kalidindi, SR Radovic, M Sun, ZM El-Raghy, T TI Compressive creep of fine and coarse-grained T3SiC2 in air in the 1100-1300 degrees C temperature range SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE compression; creep; high temperature; deformation; kink bands; Ti3SiC2 ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FRACTURE PROPERTIES; TENSILE CREEP; STRAIN-RATE; KINK BANDS; TI3SIC2; SIZE; INDENTATIONS AB Herein, we report on the compressive creep behavior of hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) fine-grained (FG) and coarse-grained (CG) Ti3SiC2 in the 1100-1300 degrees C temperature range. The creep behavior is characterized by three regimes, a primary, quasi-steady state and a tertiary. At lower stresses, the creep rates of the two microstructures are comparable suggesting that dislocation creep is operative. At approximate to 2, the stress exponents in the quasi-steady state regime are comparable to those measured in tension; the creep rates in compression, however, are roughly an order of magnitude lower. At relatively high stresses and/or temperatures, the stress exponents of the FG samples increase dramatically and the creep rates of the CG samples are higher than their FG counterparts. Both observations suggest a change of mechanism from dislocation creep to possibly sub-critical crack growth, in which delaminations play an important role. This conclusion is bolstered by post-deformation microstructural analysis that shows evidence for sub-critical crack growth. The minimum creep rates of pressureless sintered Ti3SiC2 samples were roughly an order of magnitude higher than HIPed samples, with comparable grain size strongly suggesting that some form of grain boundary related deformation, such as decohesion and/or sliding, is playing an important role in the sintered samples. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. 3 ONE 2, Voorhees, NJ USA. AIST, Nagoya, Aichi 4638560, Japan. RP Barsoum, MW (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM barsoumw@drexel.edu RI Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; Barsoum, Michel/I-2842-2012 OI Barsoum, Michel/0000-0001-7800-3517 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 53 IS 19 BP 4963 EP 4973 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.037 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 978FM UT WOS:000232859000001 ER PT J AU La, PQ Ma, JQ Zhu, YT Yang, J Lu, WM Xue, QJ Valiev, RZ AF La, PQ Ma, JQ Zhu, YT Yang, J Lu, WM Xue, QJ Valiev, RZ TI Dry-sliding tribological properties of ultrafine-grained Ti prepared by severe plastic deformation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE ultrafine-grained Ti; friction and wear behavior; wear mechanism ID METALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; REFINEMENT; FRICTION; ECAP; WEAR; TEMPERATURES; DUCTILITY; EVOLUTION; TITANIUM AB This paper reports the tribological properties of ultrafine-grained (UFG) Ti prepared by severe plastic deformation under dry sliding against AISI52100 steel in ambient environment and at varying load and sliding speed. Worn surfaces of the UFG Ti were examined with a scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope. It was found that the wear rate of the UFG Ti under dry sliding was of the magnitude of 10(-3) mm(3) m(-1), which is lower than that of the annealed coarse-grained (CG) Ti. The wear rate of the UFG Ti increased with the load, while it decreased with the sliding speed. The friction coefficient of the UFG Ti was in the range of 0.45-0.60, slightly lower than that of the CG Ti, and did not change with the load and sliding time after the initial transient period. The friction coefficient increased with increasing sliding speed to a maximum point and then decreased. The wear mechanism of the UFG Ti was micro-ploughing and delamination. The worn surfaces were covered by a TiO2 layer. These results demonstrated that UFG structures improved the wear resistance but did not significantly affect the friction coefficient of Ti. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. RP La, PQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Lanzhou Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Solid Lubricat, Tianshui Rd 342, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM pqla@ns.lzb.ac.cn RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Yang, Jun/C-8065-2017 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Yang, Jun/0000-0003-3916-1584 NR 28 TC 71 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 53 IS 19 BP 5167 EP 5173 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.07.031 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 978FM UT WOS:000232859000021 ER PT J AU Dewitt, AC Herwig, KW Lombardo, SJ AF Dewitt, AC Herwig, KW Lombardo, SJ TI Adsorption and diffusion behavior of ethane and ethylene in sol-gel derived microporous silica SO ADSORPTION-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ADSORPTION SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE gas separation; adsorbents; diffusion ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CHROMATOGRAPHY PULSE TECHNIQUE; FIELD GRADIENT TECHNIQUE; SELF-DIFFUSION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ZEOLITES; NMR; MEMBRANES; METHANE; MOLECULES AB High surface area silica (500 m(2)/g) was synthesized by the sol-gel method from tetraethyl orthosilicate. The total porosity of the sample was 37% and most of the pores were well below 2 nm in size. The adsorption characteristics of ethylene and ethane in the silica were measured from 300-350 K by gravimetry, and Langmuir adsorption constants and enthalpies and entropies of adsorption were determined. Quasielastic neutron scattering was used to determine the translation and rotational diffusivities of both adsorbates from 200-270 K. Based on the adsorption and translational diffusion characteristics of ethylene and ethane, separation factors of 1.1-2 for olefin to paraffin are predicted. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lombardo, SJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM lombardos@missouri.edu RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5607 J9 ADSORPTION JI Adsorpt.-J. Int. Adsorpt. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5-6 BP 491 EP 499 DI 10.1007/s10450-005-5608-1 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 007NL UT WOS:000234976300003 ER PT J AU Tomsia, AP Saiz, E Song, J Bertozzi, CR AF Tomsia, AP Saiz, E Song, J Bertozzi, CR TI Biomimetic bonelike composites and novel bioactive glass coatings SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MINERALIZATION; SCAFFOLDS; CERAMICS; IMPLANTS AB Metallic orthopaedic implants have been successfully used for decades but they have serious shortcomings related to their osseointegration and the fact that their mechanical properties do not match those of bone. This paper reviews recent advances in the fabrication of novel coatings to improve implant osseointegration and in the development of a new generation of hybrid organic-inorganic implant materials specifically designed for orthopaedic applications. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 7 IS 11 BP 999 EP 1004 DI 10.1002/adem.200500143 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 995UT UT WOS:000234130500004 ER PT J AU Li, WG Wang, HL AF Li, WG Wang, HL TI Electrochemical synthesis of optically active polyaniline films SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL CAMPHORSULFONIC ACID; FUNCTIONALIZED OLIGOANILINES; DOPED POLYANILINE; FACILE SYNTHESIS; POLYMERIZATION; ANILINE; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOFIBERS; GENERATION; POLYMERS AB Polyaniline (PANI) thin films with high optical activity are prepared electrochemically on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by polymerizing aniline in the presence of aniline oligomers and optically active camphor sulfonic acid (CSA). These optimized PANI chiral thin films have an anisotropic factor of 0.03 and an estimated molar ellipticity of 8.8 x 10(5) deg cm(2) dmol(-1), similar to 25% higher than our previously synthesized chiral PANI nanofibers that were prepared using the chemical method. The thin film prepared without aniline oligomers is basically achiral. The electrochemical method does not require an oxidizing agent and allows control of the rate of polymerization reaction by varying the oxidation potential. The electrochemical polymerization also ensures that the initiation occurs soley with the oligomers. Varying the experimental parameters, such as oxidation potential and the choice of oligomers, allows tuning of optical activity, adsorption properties, crystallinity, and morphology of the PANI thin films. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, WG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MSJ586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hwang@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1793 EP 1798 DI 10.1002/adfm.200500177 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 984CG UT WOS:000233279500008 ER PT J AU Illman, WA Tartakovsky, DM AF Illman, WA Tartakovsky, DM TI Asymptotic analysis of cross-hole pneumatic injection tests in unsaturated fractured tuff SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE permeability; porosity; pneumatic injection test; well-test analysis; fracture flow; scale effect; straight-line analysis; asymptotic analysis ID 3-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL INVERSION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CURVE INTERPRETATION; PARAMETERS; SCALE; MEDIA AB We present a new method to interpret three-dimensional pressure interference tests, which is based on an asymptotic analysis of late time pressure transient data. The approach yields reliable estimates of equivalent permeability and porosity without resorting to type-curve fitting or numerical inverse models. This is accomplished by analyzing the late-time behavior of type-curve solutions for pressure interference tests. We use our approach to infer the permeability and porosity of fractured tuff from cross-hole pneumatic injection test data. Their values are found to be in good agreement with those inferred from more complicated methods of data analysis. We analyze the statistical properties of the estimated equivalent permeability and porosity and observe a weak correlation between the two. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Illman, WA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM walter-illman@uiowa.edu; dmt@lanl.gov RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1217 EP 1229 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.03.011 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 976XW UT WOS:000232768000005 ER PT J AU Beresh, SJ Henfling, JF Erven, RJ Spillers, RW AF Beresh, SJ Henfling, JF Erven, RJ Spillers, RW TI Turbulent characteristics of a transverse supersonic jet in a subsonic compressible crossflow SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 34th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2004 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID PENETRATION; FREESTREAM; PARTICLES; INJECTION; LAYER AB Fluctuating velocity fields have been determined from particle image velocimetry data acquired in the far field of the interaction generated by an overexpanded axisymmetric supersonic jet exhausting transversely from a flat plate,into a,subsonic compressible crossflow. Peak magnitudes of the turbulent stresses were found to be larger and located farther from the wall for greater values of the jet-to-freestream dynamic pressure ratio J while the crossflow Mach number M. remained constant. These stress-magnitudes diminish with downstream distance as their peak location moves farther from the wall. The vertical positions of the peak normal stresses and shear stress inflection point coincide with the maximum mean streamwise velocity deficit induced by the jet. Similarity in the turbulent stress. profiles was demonstrated for constant J at two transonic M, but not at two lower M.. Instantaneous realizations of the velocity fluctuation fields reveal large-scale eddies whose mean diameter is greater for larger J and decreases with downstream distance. The integral length scale calculated from profiles of the correlation coefficient instead shows an increasing downstream trend along with a larger magnitude; the discrepancy between the two length scales results from a low-pass filter. effect of the correlation coefficient. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beresh, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjberes@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2385 EP 2394 DI 10.2514/1.14575 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 983SX UT WOS:000233253500014 ER PT J AU Park, G Rutherford, AC Wait, JR Nadler, B Farrar, CR Claytor, TN AF Park, G Rutherford, AC Wait, JR Nadler, B Farrar, CR Claytor, TN TI High-frequency response functions for composite plate monitoring with ultrasonic validation SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIBER COMPOSITES; DAMAGE DETECTION AB Frequency response functions (FRF) measured by piezoelectric macrofiber composite (MFC) actuators/sensors are used to detect subsurface delamination in a composite plate. The plate is impacted to seed damage in the form of ply delamination. Then, the MFC-based active-sensing system exerts an excitation into the plate and measures the subsequent responses. Traditional piezoceramic materials are also mounted in comparable locations on the plate to compare their performances. FRF and damage indicator features are derived from the measured signals and used to assess the condition of the plate. Validation of the delamination is completed using an ultrasonic C-scan method. The effective area of observed damage is well correlated to the damage indicator feature. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2431 EP 2437 DI 10.2514/1.14305 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 983SX UT WOS:000233253500019 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Wilbe, K Wolfe, ND Gaschen, B Carr, JK Leitner, T AF Zhang, M Wilbe, K Wolfe, ND Gaschen, B Carr, JK Leitner, T TI HIV type 1 CRF13_cpx revisited: Identification of a new sequence from Cameroon and signal for subsubtype J2 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING RECOMBINANT FORM; GENOMES; CRF11-CPX AB A nearly full-length genome sequence of an HIV-1 isolate originating from Cameroon, 02CM.3226MN, was found to cluster together with previously reported CRF13 sequences 96CM-4164 and 96CM-1849. Similarity plotting, bootscanning, breakpoint analysis, and phylogenetic trees confirmed similar genomic structures with almost identical breakpoint positions among these three isolates. Thus, CRF13 now fulfills the HIV-1 nomenclature requirements. A chi(2) analysis across all three genomes simultaneously was applied to more accurately determine breakpoints and address the uncertainty in such estimates. Some fragments were found to be difficult to classify, as indicated by a low branching index (BI), due to limited knowledge about parental and reference subtype sequences. One fragment with low BI association to reference subtype J sequences (BI = 0.27, cut-off for subtype classification >0.55) was found to be closer to J fragments of CRF11 similar to the way that A1-A2 and F1-F2 subsubtypes associate. This suggests that subtype J may need to be reclassified into subsubtypes J1 and J2. The CRF13 genome consists of fragments from subtypes A1, G, and both J1 and J2 as well as CRF01 and one region that was left unclassified. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Microbiol & Genet, Dept Bioinformat, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Virol, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Leitner, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, MS K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tkl@lanl.gov FU FIC NIH HHS [5 K01 TW000003-05] NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 BP 955 EP 960 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.955 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 995KO UT WOS:000234099400009 PM 16386113 ER PT J AU Superko, HR Berneis, KK Williams, PT Rizzo, M Wood, PD AF Superko, HR Berneis, KK Williams, PT Rizzo, M Wood, PD TI Gemfibrozil reduces small low-density lipoprotein more in normolipernic subjects classified as low-density lipoprotein pattern B compared with pattern SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; RISK-INTERVENTION-PROJECT; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; MEN; PARTICLES; TRIGLYCERIDE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; QUANTITATION; CHOLESTEROL; FENOFIBRATE AB We tested the hypothesis that gemfibrozil has a differential effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distributions and postprandial lipemia that is different in subjects classified as having LDL subclass pattern A or LDL pattern B who do not have a classic lipid disorder. Forty-three normolipemic subjects were randomized to gemfibrozil (1,200 mg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Lipids and lipoproteins were determined by enzymatic methods. The mass concentrations of lipoproteins in plasma were determined by analytic ultracentrifugation and included the S-f intervals: 20 to 400 (very LDL), 12 to 20 (intermediate-density lipoprotein), 0 to 12 (LDL), and HDL2 mass (F-1.20 3.5 to 9.0) and HDL3 mass (F-1.20 0 to 3.5). Postprandial measurements of triglycerides and lipoprotein(a) were taken after the patients consumed a 500 kcal/M-2 test meal. Treatment with gemfibrozil, compared with placebo, significantly reduced fasting plasma triglycerides (difference from placebo +/- SE; -50.2 +/- 20.6 mg/dl, p = 0.02), total cholesterol (-16.4 +/- 7.5 mg/dl, p = 0.04), apolipoprotein B (-16.1 +/- 5.5 mg/dl, p = 0.006), very LDL mass of Sf 20 to 400 (-50.8 +/- 24.1 mg/dl, p = 0.02), S-f 20 to 60 (-17.5 +/- 8.5 mg/dl, p = 0.05), S-f 60 to 100 (-16.2 +/- 8.1 mg/dl, p = 0.05), and increased peak S-F (0.48 +/- 0.27 Svedberg, p = 0.08). Gemfibrozil reduced the postprandial triglyceride level significantly at 3 (p = 0.04) and 4 (p = 0.05) hours after the test meal. A significantly different subclass response to gemfibrozil was observed in those with LDL pattern A versus B. Those with LDL pattern B had a significantly greater reduction in the small LDL mass Sf 0 to 7 (p = 0.04), specifically regions Sf 0 to 3 (p = 0.009) and S-f 3 to 5 (p = 0.009). In conclusion, normolipemic subjects with either predominantly dense or buoyant LDL respond differently to gemfibrozil as determined by the changes in LDL subclass distribution. Thus, treatment with gemfibrozil may have additional antiatherogenic effects in those with LDL pattern B by decreasing small dense LDL that is not apparent in those with pattern A. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Piedmont Hosp, Fuqua Heart Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Cholesterol Genet & Heart Dis Inst, Portola Valley, CA USA. Univ Hosp Bruderholz, Bruderholz, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Orlando Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Palermo, Dept Clin Med & Emerging Dis, Palermo, Italy. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Superko, HR (reprint author), Piedmont Hosp, Fuqua Heart Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. EM robert.superko@piedmont.org OI Superko, H. Robert/0000-0002-3542-0393 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1266 EP 1272 DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.06.069 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 984YO UT WOS:000233343500018 PM 16253595 ER PT J AU Turyshev, SG Nieto, MM Anderson, JD AF Turyshev, SG Nieto, MM Anderson, JD TI Study of the Pioneer anomaly: A problem set SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE ACCELERATION; ULYSSES DATA; PROSAIC EXPLANATION; DISTANT SPACECRAFT; GALILEO; WEAK AB Analysis of the radio-metric tracking data from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft at distances between 20 and 70 astronomical units from the Sun has consistently indicated the presence of an anomalous, small, and constant Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blueshift, uniformly changing at the rate of (5.99 +/- 0.01) x 10(-9) Hz/s. The signal also can be interpreted as a constant acceleration of each spacecraft of (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10(-8) cm/s(2) directed toward the Sun. This interpretation has become known as the Pioneer anomaly. We provide a problem set based on the detailed investigation of this anomaly, the nature of which remains unexplained. (c) 2005 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Turyshev, SG (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov; mmn@lanl.gov; john.d.anderson@jpl.nasa.gov NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1033 EP 1044 DI 10.1119/1.2008300 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 980CJ UT WOS:000232991200009 ER PT J AU Verrill, S Durst, M AF Verrill, S Durst, M TI The decline and fall of type II error rates SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE asymptotic relative efficiency; experimental design; Hodges-Lehmann efficiency; linear models; Mills' ratio; minimum detectable difference; noncentral F; normal tail; Pitman efficiency; power; sample size AB For general linear models with normally distributed random errors, the probability of a Type II error decreases exponentially as a function of sample size. This potentially rapid decline reemphasizes the importance of performing power calculations. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Verrill, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM sverrill@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1198/000313005X70353 PG 5 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 977OD UT WOS:000232812200003 ER PT J AU Koppenaal, DW Barinaga, CJ Denton, MB Sperline, RP Hieftje, GM Schilling, GD Andrade, FJ Barnes, JH AF Koppenaal, DW Barinaga, CJ Denton, MB Sperline, RP Hieftje, GM Schilling, GD Andrade, FJ Barnes, JH TI Ms detectors SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; BIOPOLYMER MASS-SPECTROMETER; QUADRUPOLE ION-TRAP; ARRAY DETECTOR; MICROSPHERE PLATE; ELECTRON MULTIPLIER; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPH; SPECTROGRAPH; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koppenaal, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.koppenaal@pnl.gov NR 43 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 21 BP 418A EP 427A DI 10.1021/ac053495p PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 981ZB UT WOS:000233125400008 PM 16285141 ER PT J AU Skulan, AJ Barrett, LM Singh, AK Cummings, EB Fiechtner, GJ AF Skulan, AJ Barrett, LM Singh, AK Cummings, EB Fiechtner, GJ TI Fabrication and analysis of spatially uniform field electrokinetic flow devices: Theory and experiment SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; SEPARATION DEVICES; MICROCHIP DEVICES; WAVE-GUIDES; ELECTROPHORESIS; CHANNELS; DIELECTROPHORESIS; MICROCHANNELS AB A uniform-field design approach can improve the performance of microanalytical, chip-based devices for a number of applications, including separations and sample preparation. The faceted prism paradigm allows the design of microfluidic devices possessing spatially uniform fields in electrokinetically driven flows. We present the first quantitative study of the velocity fields obtained using faceted interfaces between deep and shallow channel sections. Electrokinetic flows were generated in a series of wet-etch fabricated microfluidic channels. The resulting velocity fields were analyzed by particle image velocimetry and compared with simulations of the two-dimensional Laplace equation using both the designed channel geometry and the as-fabricated channel geometry. This analysis found localized differences between the designed and observed flow fields that were directly attributable to the limitations of isotropic substrate etching. Simulations using the as-fabricated channel geometry reproduced the experimental electrokinetic velocity field, quantitatively accounting for speed field variations due to the limits of the fabrication method. The electrokinetic speed fields were also compared to corresponding pressure-driven speed fields. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Skulan, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ajskula@sandia.gov NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 21 BP 6790 EP 6797 DI 10.1021/ac050777g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 981ZB UT WOS:000233125400016 PM 16255575 ER PT J AU Barrett, LM Skulan, AJ Singh, AK Cummings, EB Fiechtner, GJ AF Barrett, LM Skulan, AJ Singh, AK Cummings, EB Fiechtner, GJ TI Dielectrophoretic manipulation of particles and cells using insulating ridges in faceted prism microchannels SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION ELECTROKINETIC FLOWS; MULTIGRADIENT DIELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTRODELESS DIELECTROPHORESIS; MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS; CANCER-CELLS; SEPARATION; BLOOD; FILTRATION; MICROELECTRODES; BIOPARTICLES AB This paper presents a novel device for the dielectrophoretic manipulation of particles and cells. A two-level isotropic etch of a glass substrate was used to create three-dimensional ridge-like structures in micrometer-sized channels. Due to the insulating properties of glass, locally patterned regions of nonuniform electric field form near the ridges when a do field is applied along the channel. The ridges are designed using the method of faceted prisms, such that substantially uniform fields are produced on each side of the faceted interfaces that form each ridge. The dielectrophoretic force that results from the electric field gradient near the ridges is used to affect particle motion parallel to the ridges in the absence of a bulk pressure-driven flow. Trapping and deflection of particles and continuous concentration and separation of Bacillus subtilis from a two-component sample mixture are demonstrated. The flow of B. subtilis is restricted to a selected channel of a planar, multichannel device as a result of negative dielectrophoresis arising from the presence of the insulating ridges when the applied electric field exceeds a threshold of 30 V/mm. Dielectrophoresis has a negligible impact on 200-nm-diameter polystyrene particles under the same conditions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Barrett, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM lmbarre@sandia.gov NR 50 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 21 BP 6798 EP 6804 DI 10.1021/ac0507791 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 981ZB UT WOS:000233125400017 PM 16255576 ER PT J AU Nam, JM Wise, AR Groves, JT AF Nam, JM Wise, AR Groves, JT TI Colorimetric bio-barcode amplification assay for cytokines SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ROLLING-CIRCLE AMPLIFICATION; NANOPARTICLE PROBES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; DNA DETECTION; POLYNUCLEOTIDES; SENSITIVITY; MICROARRAYS; PROTEINS; PCR AB The bio-barcode amplification assay has become a powerful tool in detecting tens to hundreds of biological targets such as proteins and nucleic acids in the entire sample. However, current bio-barcode detection schemes still require many experimental steps including microarrayerbased immobilization of oligonucleotides on a glass chip, silver enhancement of immobilized gold nanoparticles on a chip, and light-scattering measurement. Here, we report a colorimetric bio-barcode method that minimizes the above requirements while detecting 30 aM concentrations of cytokines (similar to 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional nonenzymatic cytokine detection assays). The assay is based on porous microparticles, which enable loading of a large number of barcode DNA per particle, and gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric barcode detection method. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groves, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JTGroves@lbl.gov NR 26 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 21 BP 6985 EP 6988 DI 10.1021/ac0513764 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 981ZB UT WOS:000233125400040 PM 16255599 ER PT J AU Brown, CF Geiszler, KN Vickerman, TS AF Brown, CF Geiszler, KN Vickerman, TS TI Extraction and quantitative analysis of iodine in solid and solution matrixes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; COLLISION CELL; ICP-MS; SEDIMENTS; SEAWATER; RATIOS; I-129 AB I-129 is a contaminant of interest in the vadose zone and groundwater at numerous federal and privately owned facilities. Several techniques have been utilized to extract iodine from solid matrixes; however, all of them rely on two fundamental approaches: liquid extraction or chemical/heat-facilitated volatilization. While these methods are typically chosen for their ease of implementation, they do not totally dissolve the solid. We defined a method that produces complete solid dissolution and conducted laboratory tests to assess its efficacy to extract iodine from solid matrixes. Testing consisted of potassium nitrate/ potassium hydroxide fusion of the sample, followed by sample dissolution in a mixture of sulfuric acid and sodium bisulfite. The fusion extraction method resulted in complete sample dissolution of all solid matrixes tested. Quantitative analysis of I-127 and I-129 via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed better than +/- 10% accuracy for certified reference standards, with the linear operating range extending more than 3 orders of magnitude (0.005-5 mu g/L). Extraction and analysis of four replicates of standard reference material containing 5 mu g/g I-127 resulted in an average recovery of 98% with a relative deviation of 6%. This simple and cost-effective technique can be applied to solid samples of varying matrixes with little or no adaptation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.brown@pnl.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 21 BP 7062 EP 7066 DI 10.1021/ac050972v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 981ZB UT WOS:000233125400051 PM 16255610 ER PT J AU Tuberville, TD Clark, EE Buhlmann, KA Gibbons, JW AF Tuberville, TD Clark, EE Buhlmann, KA Gibbons, JW TI Translocation as a conservation tool: site fidelity and movement of repatriated gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; DESERT TORTOISE; HOME RANGE; RELOCATION; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; FLORIDA; REPTILES AB Efforts to evaluate the efficacy of translocation as a conservation tool have mostly been inadequate, particularly for reptiles and amphibians, leading many biologists to discount translocation as a viable management option. Nevertheless, with two-thirds of the world's tortoise and freshwater turtle species at risk, translocation may be one of the few remaining options for re-establishing extirpated populations and reconnecting fragmented ones. We translocated 106 gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) to a protected area within the historical range but with no resident tortoises and tested the effects of penning on site fidelity and activity area size. We assigned 38 adults and subadults to one of three penning treatments (9 months, 12 months and no penning) and radio-tracked them for 2 years. Penning significantly increased site fidelity and resulted in smaller activity areas. Our data suggest that translocation coupled with penning Will improve the likelihood of establishing self-sustaining tortoise populations. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Conservat Int, Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Tuberville, TD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 52 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 12 U2 56 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 8 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1017/S1367943005002398 PN 4 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 989UK UT WOS:000233699200001 ER PT J AU Torney, DC Nemzek, RJ AF Torney, DC Nemzek, RJ TI Least-error localization of discrete acoustic sources SO APPLIED ACOUSTICS LA English DT Article DE distributed sensor networks; lagrange multipliers; multiple sources; optimization; quadratic formula; time-difference-of-arrival; unbiased estimator ID LOCATION AB We describe a new, least-error method for locating a discrete acoustic source (which generates a radially symmetric, outgoing wave) based on time-of-arrival data. This method localizes the source by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the differences between the squares of the theoretical and actual times of arrival. The method is suited to noisy data, and whenever the errors in the data are unbiased, the more times of arrival used, the greater the expected accuracy of localization. The method is simplest for two dimensional data, requiring only elementary algebra. By means of simulations, we demonstrate the amelioration of localization with the number of times of arrival employed: the average inaccuracy falls asymptotically as the reciprocal of the square root of this number. The new method also yielded more accurate localization, on the average, than a least-square method. We make direct comparison with time-difference-of-arrival localizations, both for simulated data and for experimental data collected at a shooting range, demonstrating the favorability of the new method. We also demonstrate its facilitation of the localization of multiple, cotemporary sources: via partitioning of the data. Our method is suited to sensor networks with computationally empowered nodes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Torney, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Mailstop K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dct@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-682X J9 APPL ACOUST JI Appl. Acoust. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1262 EP 1277 DI 10.1016/j.apacoust.2005.02.010 PG 16 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 968UB UT WOS:000232186900003 ER PT J AU Cliff, JB Jarman, KH Valentine, NB Golledge, SL Gaspar, DJ Wunschel, DS Wahl, KL AF Cliff, JB Jarman, KH Valentine, NB Golledge, SL Gaspar, DJ Wunschel, DS Wahl, KL TI Differentiation of spores of Bacillus subtilis grown in different media by elemental characterization using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SPORULATION MEDIUM; BACTERIAL-SPORES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; TOF-SIMS; MEGATERIUM; CALCIUM; CEREUS; SPECTROSCOPY; METALS AB We demonstrate the use of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) in a forensics application to distinguish Bacillus subtilis spores grown in various media based on the elemental signatures of the spores. Triplicate cultures grown in each of four different media were analyzed to obtain TOF-SIMS signatures comprised of 16 elemental intensities. Analysis of variance was unable to distinguish growth medium types based on Ca-40-normalized signatures of any single normalized element. Principal component analysis proved successful in separating the spores into groups consistent with the media in which they were prepared. Confusion matrices constructed using nearest-neighbor classification of the PCA scores confirmed the predictive utility of TOF-SIMS elemental signatures in identifying sporulation medium. Theoretical calculations based on the number and density of spores in an analysis area indicate an analytical sample size of about 1 ng, making this technique an attractive method for bioforensics applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secut Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Cliff, JB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secut Directorate, MS P7-07,POB 999,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.cliff@pnl.gov RI Wunschel, David/F-3820-2010; Cliff, John/C-7696-2011; Gaspar, Dan/H-6166-2011 OI Cliff, John/0000-0002-7395-5604; NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 6524 EP 6530 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.6524-6530.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000008 PM 16269677 ER PT J AU Pett-Ridge, J Firestone, MK AF Pett-Ridge, J Firestone, MK TI Redox fluctuation structures microbial communities in a wet tropical soil SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PUERTO-RICO; SALT-MARSH; DIVERSITY; CARBON; MOUNTAINS; GRADIENT; STORAGE AB Frequent high-amplitude redox fluctuation may be a strong selective force on the phylogenetic and physiological composition of soil bacterial communities and may promote metabolic plasticity or redox tolerance mechanisms. To determine effects of fluctuating oxygen regimens, we incubated tropical soils under four treatments: aerobic, anaerobic, 12-h oxic/anoxic fluctuation, and 4-day oxic/anoxic fluctuation. Changes in soil bacterial community structure and diversity were monitored with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprints. These profiles were correlated with gross N cycling rates, and a Web-based phylogenetic assignment tool was used to infer putative community composition from multiple fragment patterns. T-RFLP ordinations indicated that bacterial communities from 4-day oxic/anoxic incubations were most similar to field communities, whereas those incubated under consistently aerobic or anaerobic regimens developed distinctly different molecular profiles. Terminal fragments found in field soils persisted either in 4-day fluctuation/aerobic conditions or in anaerobic/12-h treatments but rarely in both. Only 3 of 179 total fragments were ubiquitous in all soils. Soil bacterial communities inferred from in silico phylogenetic assignment appeared to be dominated by Actinobacteria (especially Micrococcus and Streptomycetes), "Bacilli," "Clostridia," and Burkholderia and lost significant diversity under consistently or frequently anoxic incubations. Community patterns correlated well with redox-sensitive processes such as nitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and denitrification but did not predict patterns of more general functions such as N mineralization and consumption. The results suggest that this soil's indigenous bacteria are highly adapted to fluctuating redox regimens and generally possess physiological tolerance mechanisms which allow them to withstand unfavorable redox periods. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pett-Ridge, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-231, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pettridge2@llnl.gov NR 66 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 12 U2 52 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 6998 EP 7007 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.6998-7007.2005 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000066 PM 16269735 ER PT J AU Bencheikh-Latmani, R Williams, SM Haucke, L Criddle, CS Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Tebo, BM AF Bencheikh-Latmani, R Williams, SM Haucke, L Criddle, CS Wu, LY Zhou, JZ Tebo, BM TI Global transcriptional profiling of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 during Cr(VI) and U(VI) reduction SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; FUMARATE REDUCTASE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CYTOCHROMES OMCA; IRON; BACTERIUM AB Whole-genome DNA microarrays were used to examine the gene expression profile of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 during U(VI) and Cr(VI) reduction. The same control, cells pregrown with nitrate and incubated with no electron acceptor, was used for the two time points considered and for both metals. U(VI)-reducing conditions resulted in the upregulation (>= 3-fold) of 121 genes, while 83 genes were upregulated under Cr(VI)-reducing conditions. A large fraction of the genes upregulated [34% for U(VI) and 29% for Cr(VI)] encode hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Genes encoding proteins known to reduce alternative electron acceptors [fumarate, dimethyl sulfoxide, Mn(IV), or soluble Fe(III)] were upregulated under both U(VI)- and Cr(VI)-reducing conditions. The involvement of these upregulated genes in the reduction of U(VI) and Cr(VI) was tested using mutants lacking one or several of the gene products. Mutant testing confirmed the involvement of several genes in the reduction of both metals: mtrA, mtrB, mtrC, and menC, all of which are involved in Fe(III) citrate reduction by MR-1. Genes encoding efflux pumps were upregulated under Cr(VI)but not under U(VI)-reducing conditions. Genes encoding proteins associated with general (e.g., groL and dnaJ) and membrane (e.g., pspBC) stress were also upregulated, particularly under U(VI) -reducing conditions, pointing to membrane damage by the solid-phase reduced U(IV) and Cr(III) and/or the direct effect of the oxidized forms of the metals. This study sheds light on the multifaceted response of MR-1 to U(VI) and Cr(VI) under anaerobic conditions and suggests that the same electron transport pathway can be used for more than one electron acceptor. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bencheikh-Latmani, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rizlan@ucsd.edu RI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Tebo, Bradley/A-8432-2017 OI Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; Tebo, Bradley/0000-0002-6301-4325 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10337, P42 ES010337]; PHS HHS [04911] NR 42 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 BP 7453 EP 7460 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.11.7453-7460.2005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 983IN UT WOS:000233225000118 PM 16269787 ER PT J AU De Chant, LJ AF De Chant, LJ TI A high velocity plate penetration hole diameter relationship based on late time stagnation point flow concepts SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE plate penetration hole diameter; analytical model; damped kinematic wave; stagnation point flow; boundary layer flow ID HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT; PROJECTILES AB Here we derive a plate penetration hole diameter relationship using late time (steady) stagnation point flow concepts. High-speed impact of thin plates and the ultimate development of penetration holes is an important problem for the practical design of impact/shield/armor systems. Though computational and empirical models provide information concerning plate penetration, a theoretical, late time model provides the convenience and efficiency (computation of the full time history of the impact process is not necessary) of a closed form model with the rational basis of a physics based mathematical relationship. To model the decidedly unsteady behavior of impact and penetration a time dependent lower order solution, i.e. 1-d damped kinematic wave, is used to estimate temporal behavior in the more complete 2-d unsteady stagnation point problem, giving a completely time independent stagnation point model. Shear behavior in the stagnation point model, as well as, damping in the 1-d kinematic wave model are modeled using a nonlinear resistance model which draws upon classical viscous fluid flow relationships. No empirical constants are introduced in the associated resistance relationship. Having obtained the late time stagnation point flow equation, a self-similar solution is sought by posing a separation type solution form. Self-similarity of the stagnation point flow is admitted by treating the penetration coincident flow in the same manner as the 1-d kinematic wave solution. The associated self-similar cross-steam flow equation is solved approximately and combined with the separation solution form to yield late time penetration flow velocity field. Examination of the eigenvalues of the velocity solution gives an explicit relationship for the size of the plate penetration hole. The plate penetration hole diameter solution shows good agreement with CTH simulations (a well validated hydrocode) and experimental data. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ljdecha@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 170 IS 1 BP 410 EP 424 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2004.12.047 PG 15 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 979TR UT WOS:000232968200032 ER PT J AU Stipe, CB Lucas, D Koshland, CP Sawyer, RF AF Stipe, CB Lucas, D Koshland, CP Sawyer, RF TI Soot particle disintegration and detection by two-laser excimer laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION-FLUORESCENCE; AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICULATE; AEROSOLS; ABLATION; CARBON; HYDROCARBONS; EMISSION; LEAD AB A two-laser technique is used to study laser-particle interactions and the disintegration of soot by high-power UV light. Two separate 20 ns laser pulses irradiate combustion-generated soot nanoparticles with 193 nm photons. The first laser pulse, from 0 to 14.7 J/cm(2), photofragments the soot particles and electronically. excites the liberated carbon atoms. The second laser pulse, held constant at 13 J/cm(2), irradiates the remaining particle fragments and other products of the first laser pulse. The atomic carbon fluorescence at 248 nm produced by the first laser pulse increases linearly with laser fluence from 1 to 6 J/cm(2). At higher fluences the signal from atomic carbon saturates. The carbon fluorescence from the second laser pulse decreases as the fluence from the first laser increases, suggesting that the particles fully disintegrate at high laser fluences. We use an energy balance parameter, called the photon/atom ratio, to aid in understanding laser-particle interactions. These results help define the regimes where photofragmentation fluorescence methods quantitatively measure total soot concentrations. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Seattle Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stipe, CB (reprint author), Seattle Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. EM stipec@seattleu.edu; D_Lucas@lbl.gov; ckosh@berkeley.edu RI Sawyer, Robert/B-5013-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES047050-01] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 31 BP 6537 EP 6544 DI 10.1364/AO.44.006537 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 979JK UT WOS:000232938000003 PM 16270542 ER PT J AU Kaiser, SA Frank, JH Long, MB AF Kaiser, SA Frank, JH Long, MB TI Use of Rayleigh imaging and ray tracing to correct for beam-steering effects in turbulent flames SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATION FIELD; SCATTERING; JETS; VISUALIZATION; FRONTS AB Laser Rayleigh imaging has been applied in a number of flow and flame studies to measure concentration or temperature distributions. Rayleigh cross sections are dependent on the index of refraction of the scattering medium. The same index of refraction changes that provide contrast in Rayleigh images can also deflect the illuminating laser sheet. By applying a ray-tracing algorithm to the detected image, it is possible to correct for some of these beam-steering effects and thereby improve the accuracy of the measured field. Additionally, the quantification of the degree of beam steering through the flow provides information on the degradation of spatial resolution in the measurement. Application of the technique in a well-studied laboratory flame is presented, along with analysis of the effects of image noise and spatial resolution on the effectiveness of the algorithm. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kaiser, SA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, POB 208284, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM marshall.long@yale.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 31 BP 6557 EP 6564 DI 10.1364/AO.44.006557 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 979JK UT WOS:000232938000005 PM 16270544 ER PT J AU Jung, GY Wu, W Ganapathiappan, S Ohlberg, DAA Islam, MS Li, X Olynick, DL Lee, H Chen, Y Wang, SY Tong, WM Williams, RS AF Jung, GY Wu, W Ganapathiappan, S Ohlberg, DAA Islam, MS Li, X Olynick, DL Lee, H Chen, Y Wang, SY Tong, WM Williams, RS TI Issues on nanoimprint lithography with a single-layer resist structure SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION AB We summarize our key developments in nanoimprint lithography (NIL) that employs a single layer resist lift-off process: lowering of the imprint temperature (for thermal imprint) and pressure, achieving uniform resist thickness and low residual resist layer thickness in the trenches, and eliminating metal 'rabbit ears' for the single-layer lift-off. In thermal NIL, our requirements for lower operating temperature and pressure motivated us to develop an alternative resist that is a viscous fluid at room temperature and cures at a lower temperature of 70 degrees C than the operating temperature of the conventional thermal NIL (approximate to 200 degrees C). For UV NIL, we devised a method to dispense the resist onto a hydrophobic mold and use the hydrophilic substrate surface to spread the resist via surface wetting to engineer a continuous and uniform film. We also explored the use of Si(110) substrates as molds to produce features with perfectly vertical side walls, and the use of aqua regia to directly etch away rabbit ears. C1 Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Korea Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Technol Dev Operat, Inkjet Technol Platfrom, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Jung, GY (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Labs, 1501 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM stan.williams@hp.com RI Wang, Shih-Yuan/C-3889-2009; Tong, William/D-2564-2010; Wu, Wei/D-1908-2011; Williams, R. Stanley/A-8281-2009 OI Wang, Shih-Yuan/0000-0002-1212-3484; Williams, R. Stanley/0000-0003-0213-4259 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1331 EP 1335 DI 10.1007/s00339-005-3313-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 963HY UT WOS:000231796200001 ER PT J AU Croft, S Venkataraman, R Villani, MF Philips, S Estep, RJ AF Croft, S Venkataraman, R Villani, MF Philips, S Estep, RJ TI Uncertainty in rate loss corrections based on counting a periodic pulser SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY SEP 12-18, 2004 CL Crete, GREECE DE tomographic gamma scanner; rate loss; pulser method AB Tomographic gamma scanning of waste produces three-dimensional transmission and emission images. These are used to derive item-specific attenuation correction factors that improve the accuracy of non-destructive waste assay. For each vertical layer, data grabs of short duration are acquired as the waste item is rotated and translated. The image reconstruction demands accurate rate loss corrections to minimize assay bias. For this application a pulser was used to perform the necessary rate loss corrections. In this work, we summarize the benefits of the pulser approach and review the basic principles on which the method is based. We extend the treatment to include a derivation of the expression for the uncertainty in the net. pulser peak area in the presence of an underlying continuum. We report experimental results, taken using a Canberra. model WM2900 Tomographic Gamma Scanner, over a broad range of count-rates and peak-to-continuum ratios. Repeat counts under controlled conditions allowed the correction factor and its variance to be determined and compared against expectations. These results confirm the validity of the correction factor formula and the corresponding expression for its uncertainty. The rate loss analysis has been built into a Monte Carlo Replicate engine to allow the uncertainty to be propagated into the total measurement uncertainty of the final assay. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Canberra Ind Inc, Meriden, CT 06450 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Nucl Technol Grp N2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Croft, S (reprint author), Canberra Ind Inc, 800 Res Pkwy, Meriden, CT 06450 USA. EM scroft@canberra.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.05.007 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 988OS UT WOS:000233611100008 PM 15996471 ER PT J AU Gavron, A AF Gavron, A TI The role of science in treaty verification SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY SEP 12-18, 2004 CL Crete, GREECE DE treaty; transparency; verification; IAEA; NPT; CTBT AB Technologically advanced nations are currently applying more science to treaty verification than ever before. Satellites gather a multitude of information relating to proliferation concerns using thermal imaging analysis, nuclear radiation measurements, and optical and radio frequency signals detection. Ground stations gather complementary signals such as seismic events and radioactive emissions. Export controls in many countries attempt to intercept materials and technical means that could be used for nuclear proliferation. Nevertheless, we have witnessed a plethora of nuclear proliferation episodes, that were undetected (or were belatedly detected) by these technologies-the Indian nuclear tests in 1998, the Libyan nuclear buildup, the Iranian enrichment program and the North Korea nuclear weapons program are some prime examples. In this talk, we will discuss some of the technologies used for proliferation detection. In particular, we will note some of the issues relating to nuclear materials control agreements that epitomize political difficulties as they impact the implementation of science and technology. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, N NST, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gavron, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, N NST, MS B250, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gavron@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 607 EP 611 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.05.009 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 988OS UT WOS:000233611100012 PM 15978818 ER PT J AU Jordan, DV Ely, JH Peurrung, AJ Bond, LJ Collar, JI Flake, M Knopf, MA Pitts, WK Shaver, M Sonnenschein, A Smart, JE Todd, LC AF Jordan, DV Ely, JH Peurrung, AJ Bond, LJ Collar, JI Flake, M Knopf, MA Pitts, WK Shaver, M Sonnenschein, A Smart, JE Todd, LC TI Neutron detection via bubble chambers SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY SEP 12-18, 2004 CL Crete, GREECE DE neutron; bubble nucleation; bubble chamber; superheated fluids AB Research investigating the application of pressure-cycled bubble chambers to fast neutron detection is described. Experiments with a Halon-filled chamber showed clear sensitivity to all AmBe neutron source and insensitivity to a Cs-137 gamma source. Bubble Formation was documented using high-speed photography, and a ceramic piezo-electric transducer element registered the acoustic signature of bubble formation. In a second set of experiments, the bubble nucleation response of a Freon-134a chamber to an AmBe neutron Source was documented with high-speed photography. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Jordan, DV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-20,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.jordan@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 645 EP 653 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.05.014 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 988OS UT WOS:000233611100017 PM 16005238 ER PT J AU Kawai, Y Bilheux, JC Stracener, DW Alton, GD AF Kawai, Y Bilheux, JC Stracener, DW Alton, GD TI A new infiltration method for coating highly permeable matrices with compound materials for high-power isotope-separator-on-line production target applications SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY SEP 12-18, 2004 CL Crete, GREECE ID ION-BEAM FACILITY; RIB GENERATION; DESIGN; SELECTION AB A new infiltration coating method has been conceived for uniform and controlled thickness deposition of target materials onto highly permeable, complex-structure matrices to form short-diffusion-length isotope-separator-on-line (ISOL) production targets for radioactive ion beam research applications. In this report, the infiltration technique is described in detail and the universal character of the technique illustrated in the form of SEMs of several metal-carbide, metal-oxide and metal-sulfide targets for potential use at present or future radioactive ion beam research facilities. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kawai, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kawaiy@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Jean/A-2823-2016 OI Bilheux, Jean/0000-0003-2172-6487 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 659 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.05.016 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 988OS UT WOS:000233611100019 PM 16054374 ER PT J AU Reijonen, J Gicquel, F Hahto, SK King, M Lou, TP Leung, KN AF Reijonen, J Gicquel, F Hahto, SK King, M Lou, TP Leung, KN TI D-D neutron generator development at LBNL SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY SEP 12-18, 2004 CL Crete, GREECE DE neutron generator; RF-induction ion source; BNCT AB The plasma and ion source technology group in Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is developing advanced, next generation D-D neutron generators. There are three distinctive developments, which are discussed in this presentation, namely, multi-stage, accelerator-based axial neutron generator, high-output co-axial neutron generator and point source neutron generator. These generators employ RF-induction discharge to produce deuterium ions. The distinctive feature of RF-discharge is its capability to generate high atomic hydrogen species, high current densities and stable and long-life operation. The axial neutron generator is designed for applications that require fast pulsing together with medium to high D-D neutron output. The co-axial neutron generator is aimed for high neutron output with cw or pulsed operation, using either the D-D or D-T fusion reaction. The point source neutron generator is a new concept, utilizing a toroidal-shaped plasma generator. The beam is extracted from multiple apertures and focus to the target tube, which is located at the middle of the generator. This will generate a point source of D-D, T-T or D-T neutrons with high output flux. The latest development together with measured data will be discussed in this article. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reijonen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 5-121,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jreijonen@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 757 EP 763 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.05.024 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 988OS UT WOS:000233611100032 PM 15975804 ER PT J AU Sperline, RP Knight, AK Gresham, CA Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM Denton, MB AF Sperline, RP Knight, AK Gresham, CA Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM Denton, MB TI Read-noise characterization of focal plane array detectors via mean-variance analysis SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE focal plane array; FPA; charge-coupled device; CCD; charge-injection device; CID; complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor multiplexer; CMOS multiplexer; mean-variance analysis; Poisson distribution ID CCD AB Mean-variance analysis is described as a method for characterization of the read-noise and gain of focal plane array (FPA) detectors, including charge-coupled devices (CCDs), charge-injection devices (CIDs), and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) multiplexers (infrared arrays). Practical FPA detector characterization is outlined. The nondestructive readout capability available in some CIDs and FPA devices is discussed as a means for signal-to-noise ratio improvement. Derivations of the equations are fully presented to unify understanding of this method by the spectroscopic community. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Denton, MB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1315 EP 1323 DI 10.1366/000370205774783250 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 986HR UT WOS:000233441200004 PM 16316508 ER PT J AU Bajic, SJ Jones, RW McClelland, JF AF Bajic, SJ Jones, RW McClelland, JF TI Observation of large photoacoustic signal phase changes during a diffusion process SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE photoacoustic spectroscopy; diffusion monitoring; depth profiling; phase-resolved profiling by PAS ID TRANSFORM-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERS; SAMPLES; SOLIDS; RUBBER AB The phase of the photoacoustic signal is known to be a sensitive and accurate means to investigate, both qualitatively and quantitatively, static multilayer heterogeneous systems. According to theory, the maximum phase delay for a very weakly absorbing homogeneous sample should be within 45 degrees of a very strongly absorbing sample, while for heterogeneous samples the phase delay can be greater than 45 degrees. Here we report the observation of photoacoustic phase delays greater than 350 degrees by extending the use of step-scan phase modulation photoacoustic spectroscopy to study a non-repetitive dynamic system in situ, in real time. These large phase delays correspond to sampling several thermal diffusion lengths into the sample. The model system used in this study consisted of a hydrocarbon grease diffusing through a porous Teflon film. The progress of the diffusion was tracked by monitoring both the photoacoustic signal magnitude and the phase of the hydrocarbon grease after isolation from the Teflon film signal contributions at two different phase modulation frequencies. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. MTEC Photoacoust Inc, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bajic, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1420 EP 1426 DI 10.1366/000370205774783142 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 986HR UT WOS:000233441200018 PM 16316522 ER PT J AU Liebel, B Brodrick, J AF Liebel, B Brodrick, J TI Squeezing the watts out of fluorescent lighting SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 AfterImage & Space, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Liebel, B (reprint author), AfterImage & Space, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 47 IS 11 BP 52 EP 54 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 984NC UT WOS:000233310600023 ER PT J AU Inada, N Burles, S Gregg, MD Becker, RH Schechter, PL Eisenstein, DJ Oguri, M Castander, FJ Hall, PB Johnston, DE Pindor, B Richards, GT Schneider, DP White, RL Brinkmann, J Szalay, AS York, DG AF Inada, N Burles, S Gregg, MD Becker, RH Schechter, PL Eisenstein, DJ Oguri, M Castander, FJ Hall, PB Johnston, DE Pindor, B Richards, GT Schneider, DP White, RL Brinkmann, J Szalay, AS York, DG TI SDSS J024634.11-082536.2: A new gravitationally lensed quasar from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; quasars : individual (SDSS J024634.11-082536.2) ID HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SNAPSHOT SURVEY; DATA RELEASE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; GALAXY SAMPLE; EINSTEIN RING; DARK-MATTER; SPECTROGRAPH; SEARCH AB We report the discovery of a new two-image gravitationally lensed quasar, SDSS J024634.11 - 082536.2 ( SDSS J0246 - 0825). This object was selected as a lensed quasar candidate from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS) by the same algorithm that was used to discover other SDSS lensed quasars ( e. g., SDSS J0924+0219). Multicolor imaging with the Magellan Consortium's Walter Baade 6.5 m telescope and spectroscopic observations using the W. M. Keck Observatory's Keck II telescope confirm that SDSS J0246 - 0825 consists of two lensed images (Delta theta 1.'' 04) of a source quasar at z = 1.68. Imaging observations with the Keck I telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope reveal an extended object between the two quasar components, which is likely to be a lensing galaxy of this system. From the absorption lines in the spectra of the quasar components and the apparent magnitude of the galaxy, combined with the expected absolute magnitude from the Faber-Jackson relation, we estimate the redshift of the lensing galaxy to be z = 0.724. A highly distorted ring is visible in the Hubble Space Telescope images, which is likely to be the lensed host galaxy of the source quasar. Simple mass modeling predicts the possibility that there is a small ( faint) lensing object near the primary lensing galaxy. C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CSIC, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. York Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Inada, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Fac Sci, Inst Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. RI Oguri, Masamune/C-6230-2011; OI PINDOR, BARTOSZ/0000-0003-3240-2437 NR 70 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 1967 EP 1976 DI 10.1086/432930 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 979XI UT WOS:000232977900001 ER PT J AU Brotherton, MS Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Becker, RH Gregg, MD Telis, G White, RL Shang, ZH AF Brotherton, MS Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Becker, RH Gregg, MD Telis, G White, RL Shang, ZH TI Chandra X-ray observations of radio-loud broad absorption line quasars SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines; quasars : general; X-rays : galaxies ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; KECK HIRES OBSERVATIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STELLAR OBJECTS; QSO 2359-1241; PG 1254+047; XMM-NEWTON; BRIGHT; EMISSION AB We report the results of a Chandra X-Ray Observatory survey of five formally radio- loud broad absorption line (BAL) quasars. These five objects include BAL quasars with a range of properties, including both high- and low-ionization BALs. All five BAL quasars are detected in 5 ks ACIS-S exposures, with counts ranging from 12 to 55. The X-ray count rates are down by factors of 40 or more compared to expectations based on the spectral energy distributions of normal, unabsorbed radio- loud quasars; this is the same sort of behavior seen in radio- quiet BAL quasars. Interestingly, the hardness ratios are rather soft and inconsistent with absorption from a neutral hydrogen column density large enough to suppress the X-rays as observed. We conclude that in many cases the X-rays emanating from BAL quasars must be reflected, scattered, or leaked through an ionized absorber or a neutral absorber that does not completely cover the X-ray source ( covering >= 98%), or that we are seeing an unabsorbed X-ray source perhaps associated with a radio jet. Much higher counts are required to distinguish among these possibilities. We note several suggestive correlations involving X-ray properties that require verification using larger samples. One source, FIRST J1556+3517, appears to be the X-ray brightest low-ionization BAL quasar known, other than the special case of the nearby Mrk 231. The very faint X-ray emission from FIRST J1044+3656 is consistent with significant obscuration, which strongly favors the multiphase X-ray shielding models of this object in the literature. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Brotherton, MS (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, 1000 E Univ Ave,POB 3905, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI White, Richard/A-8143-2012 NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 2006 EP 2011 DI 10.1086/496948 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 979XI UT WOS:000232977900004 ER PT J AU Garavini, G Aldering, G Amadon, A Amanullah, R Astier, P Balland, C Blanc, G Conley, A Dahlen, T Deustua, SE Ellis, R Fabbro, S Fadeyev, V Fan, X Folatelli, G Frye, B Gates, EL Gibbons, R Goldhaber, G Goldman, B Goobar, A Groom, DE Haissinski, J Hardin, D Hook, I Howell, DA Kent, S Kim, AG Knop, RA Kowalski, M Kuznetsova, N Lee, BC Lidman, C Mendez, J Miller, GJ Moniez, M Mouchet, M Mourao, A Newberg, H Nobili, S Nugent, PE Pain, R Perdereau, O Perlmutter, S Quimby, R Regnault, N Rich, J Richards, GT Ruiz-Lapuente, P Schaefer, BE Schahmaneche, K Smith, E Spadafora, AL Stanishev, V Thomas, RC Walton, NA Wang, L Wood-Vasey, WM AF Garavini, G Aldering, G Amadon, A Amanullah, R Astier, P Balland, C Blanc, G Conley, A Dahlen, T Deustua, SE Ellis, R Fabbro, S Fadeyev, V Fan, X Folatelli, G Frye, B Gates, EL Gibbons, R Goldhaber, G Goldman, B Goobar, A Groom, DE Haissinski, J Hardin, D Hook, I Howell, DA Kent, S Kim, AG Knop, RA Kowalski, M Kuznetsova, N Lee, BC Lidman, C Mendez, J Miller, GJ Moniez, M Mouchet, M Mourao, A Newberg, H Nobili, S Nugent, PE Pain, R Perdereau, O Perlmutter, S Quimby, R Regnault, N Rich, J Richards, GT Ruiz-Lapuente, P Schaefer, BE Schahmaneche, K Smith, E Spadafora, AL Stanishev, V Thomas, RC Walton, NA Wang, L Wood-Vasey, WM CA Supernova Cosmology Project TI Spectroscopic observations and analysis of the unusual type Ia SN 1999ac SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE supernovae : general; supernovae : individual (SN 1999ac) ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; WHITE-DWARF MODELS; SPECTRA; UNIVERSE; CARBON; DECELERATION; SIMULATIONS; CONSTRAINTS; ULTRAVIOLET AB We present optical spectra of the peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 1999ac. The data extend from - 15 to + 42 days with respect to B-band maximum and reveal an event that is unusual in several respects. Prior to B-band maximum, the spectra resemble those of SN 1999aa, a slowly declining event, but possess stronger Si II and Ca II signatures ( more characteristic of a spectroscopically normal SN). Spectra after the B-band maximum appear more normal. The expansion velocities inferred from the iron lines appear to be lower than average, whereas the expansion velocity inferred from calcium H and K are higher than average. The expansion velocities inferred from Si II are among the slowest ever observed, although SN 1999ac is not particularly dim. The analysis of the parameters v(10)( Si II), R( Si II),. v, and Delta m(15) further underlines the unique characteristics of SN 1999ac. We find convincing evidence of C II lambda 6580 in the day - 15 spectrum with ejection velocity v > 16; 000 km s(-1), but this signature disappears by day - 9. This rapid evolution at early times highlights the importance of extremely early-time spectroscopy. C1 Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Haute Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Haute Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Paris 11, F-75231 Paris, France. APC, F-75231 Paris, France. INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35122 Padua, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, CENTRA, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Dept Fis, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, Mt Hamilton, CA 95140 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA. Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. Isaac Newton Grp, Santa Cruz De La Palma 38780, Canary Islands, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Observ Paris, Sect Meudon, Lab Univers & Ses Theories, CNRS,UMR 8102, F-92195 Meudon, France. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Univ Observ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Garavini, G (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Haute Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. RI Folatelli, Gaston/A-4484-2011; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Stanishev, Vallery/M-8930-2013; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; Mourao, Ana/K-9133-2015 OI Stanishev, Vallery/0000-0002-7626-1181; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Mourao, Ana/0000-0002-0855-1849 NR 60 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 2278 EP 2292 DI 10.1086/444595 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 979XI UT WOS:000232977900027 ER PT J AU Zaniewski, A Clayton, GC Welch, DL Gordon, KD Minniti, D Cook, KH AF Zaniewski, A Clayton, GC Welch, DL Gordon, KD Minniti, D Cook, KH TI Discovery of five new R Coronae Borealis stars in the MACHO Galactic bulge database SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : bulge; stars : evolution; stars : variables : other ID HYDROGEN-DEFICIENT STARS; HELIUM SHELL FLASH; SAKURAIS OBJECT; V2552 OPHIUCHI; WHITE-DWARFS; EVOLUTION; PHOTOMETRY; NSV-6708; AQUILAE; ORIGIN AB We have identified five new R Coronae Borealis (RCB) stars in the Galactic bulge using the MACHO Project photometry database, raising the total number of known Galactic RCB stars to about 40. We have obtained spectra to confirm the identifications. The fact that four out of the five newly identified RCB stars are "cool'' (T-eff < 6000 K) rather than "warm'' (T-eff > 6000 K) suggests that the preponderance of warm RCB stars among the existing sample is a selection bias. These cool RCB stars are redder and fainter than their warm counterparts and may have been missed in surveys done with blue plates. Based on the number of new RCB stars discovered in the MACHO bulge fields, there may be similar to 250 RCB stars in the reddened "exclusion'' zone toward the bulge. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Maria Mitchell Observ, Nantucket, MA 02554 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zaniewski, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azaniews@mix.wvu.edu; gclayton@fenway.phys.lsu.edu; welch@physics.mcmaster.ca; kgordon@as.arizona.edu; dante@astro.puc.cl; kcook@igpp.llnl.gov OI Clayton, Geoffrey/0000-0002-0141-7436 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 130 IS 5 BP 2293 EP 2302 DI 10.1086/466516 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 979XI UT WOS:000232977900028 ER PT J AU Meneghetti, M Bartelmann, M Dolag, K Moscardini, L Perrotta, F Baccigalupi, C Tormen, G AF Meneghetti, M Bartelmann, M Dolag, K Moscardini, L Perrotta, F Baccigalupi, C Tormen, G TI Strong lensing efficiency of galaxy clusters in dark energy cosmologies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; cosmology : theory; galaxies : clusters : general ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ROSAT DEEP SURVEY; ARC STATISTICS; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; HALO CONCENTRATIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; MATTER HALOES; MODELS; POTENTIALS; UNIVERSE AB We study the efficiency for producing strong gravitational lensing events of galaxy clusters numerically simulated in different dark-energy cosmologies with constant and time-variable equation of state, and we compare the results with those obtained in "standard" Delta CDM and OCDM models. Our main results are (1) that the expected abundance of gravitational arcs with large length-to-width ratio depends on the equation of state of dark energy at the epoch of formation of the halo; and (2) that the high sensitivity of strong-lensing cross sections of galaxy clusters to dynamical processes like mergers, which was found in earlier studies, varies substantially between different cosmologies, being stronger for models in which halos are less concentrated. As expected, the largest differences in the lensing optical depth occur at intermediate and high redshift. C1 Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, ITA, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35120 Padua, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. SISSA, ISAS, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Teoret Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Meneghetti, M (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, ITA, Albert Uberle Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM massimo.meneghetti@ita.uni-heidelberg.de RI Bartelmann, Matthias/A-5336-2014; OI Meneghetti, Massimo/0000-0003-1225-7084 NR 46 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 442 IS 2 BP 413 EP 422 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20041232 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 971SH UT WOS:000232404400007 ER PT J AU Fogle, M Badnell, NR Glans, P Loch, SD Madzunkov, S Abdel-Naby, SA Pindzola, MS Schuch, R AF Fogle, M Badnell, NR Glans, P Loch, SD Madzunkov, S Abdel-Naby, SA Pindzola, MS Schuch, R TI Electron-ion recombination of Be-like C, N, and O SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic; molecular and nuclear data ID FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; COEFFICIENTS; CARBON; ARGON AB The absolute total recombination reaction rate coefficients for Be-like C, N, and O have been measured using the CRYRING storage ring and compared with the results from distorted-wave theory. For the theory results, it is found that shifts to NIST energy values for the core excited energies of the recombining system are not sufficient to accurately match all of the resonance positions and heights at lower energies. These theory results represent the quality of most archived theory DR data. The accurate calculation of these low energy resonances still presents a significant challenge to theory. In addition, trielectronic recombination resonances, associated with the formation of triply excited states during recombination, have been observed in the total recombination reaction rate coefficient spectra of N3+ and O4+. Finally, we construct a dielectronic recombination Maxwellian rate coefficient from the experimental results for low n resonances, and from the theoretical results for high n resonances. In the case of O4+, the trielectronic recombination resonances have a strong influence on the low temperature Maxwellian rate coefficient. Our best hybrid Maxwellian rate coefficient is compared with archived distorted-wave theory data, and is found to be in reasonable agreement, even at the low temperatures. C1 Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. Mid Sweden Univ, Dept Engn Phys & Math, SE-85170 Sundsvall, Sweden. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Fogle, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 442 IS 2 BP 757 EP 766 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20040559 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 971SH UT WOS:000232404400041 ER PT J AU Guenther, EW Paulson, DB Cochran, WD Patience, J Hatzes, AP Macintosh, B AF Guenther, EW Paulson, DB Cochran, WD Patience, J Hatzes, AP Macintosh, B TI Low-mass companions to Hyades stars SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : binaries : spectroscopic; stars : binaries : visual; stars : planetary systems ID BROWN DWARF COMPANION; CANDIDATE SUBSTELLAR COMPANION; PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; LUMINOSITY-RELATION; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; MAGNETIC ACTIVITY; PROPER MOTION AB It is now well established that a large fraction of the low-mass stars are binaries or higher order multiples. Similarly a sizable fraction have giant planets. In contrast to these, the situation for brown dwarf companions is complicated: While close systems seem to be extremely rare, wide systems are possibly more common. In this paper, we present new results on a survey for low-mass companions in the Hyades. After measuring precisely the radial velocity of 98 Hyades dwarf stars for 5 years, we have selected all stars that show low-amplitude long-period trends. With AO-observations of these 14 stars we found companion candidates around nine of them, where one star has two companions. The two companions of HIP 16548 have masses between 0.07 to 0.08 M-., and are thus either brown dwarfs or very low mass stars. In the case of HAN 172 we found a companion with a mass between 0.08 to 0.10 M-., which is again between a star and a brown dwarf. The other seven stars all have stellar companions. In two additional cases, the RV-variations are presumably caused by stellar activity, and in another case the companion could be a short-period binary. The images of the remaining two stars are slightly elongated, which might imply that even these are binaries. Because at least 12 of the 14 stars showing low-amplitude RV trends turn out to have companions with a mass >= 70 M-Jupiter, or are just active, we finally estimate the number of companions with masses between 10 M-Jupiter and 70 M-Jupiter within 8 AU of the host stars in the Hyades as <= 2%. C1 Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Planetary Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Guenther, EW (reprint author), Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. EM guenther@tls-tautenburg.de NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 442 IS 3 BP 1031 EP 1039 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20052851 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 974AC UT WOS:000232562700030 ER PT J AU Hansen, SM McKay, TA Wechsler, RH Annis, J Sheldon, ES Kimball, A AF Hansen, SM McKay, TA Wechsler, RH Annis, J Sheldon, ES Kimball, A TI Measurement of galaxy cluster sizes, radial profiles, and luminosity functions from SDSS photometric data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COLD DARK-MATTER; REDSHIFT-DISTANCE RELATION; BAND HUBBLE DIAGRAM; LAMBDA-CDM UNIVERSE; X-RAY-CLUSTERS; COMMISSIONING DATA; COMPACT-GROUPS; RICH CLUSTERS; SUBHALO POPULATIONS AB Imaging data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are used to measure the empirical size-richness relation for a large sample of galaxy clusters. Using population subtraction methods, we determine the radius at which the cluster galaxy number density is 200 Omega(m)(-1) times the mean galaxy density, without assuming a model for the radial distribution of galaxies in clusters. If these galaxies are unbiased on megaparsec scales, this galaxy density-based R-200 reflects the characteristic radii of clusters. We measure the scaling of this characteristic radius with richness over an order of magnitude in cluster richness, from rich clusters to poor groups. We use this information to examine the radial profiles of galaxies in clusters as a function of cluster richness, finding that the concentration of the galaxy distribution decreases with richness and is systematically lower than the concentrations measured for dark matter profiles in N-body simulations. Using these scaled radii, we investigate the behavior of the cluster luminosity function and find that it is well matched by a Schechter function for galaxies brighter than M-r = -18 only after the central galaxy has been removed. We find that the luminosity function varies with richness and with distance from the cluster center, underscoring the importance of using an aperture that scales with cluster mass to compare physically equivalent regions of these different systems. We note that the lowest richness systems in our catalog have properties consistent with those expected of the earliest forming halos; our cluster-finding algorithm, in addition to reliably finding clusters, may be efficient at finding fossil groups. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60610 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hansen, SM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Wechsler, Risa/0000-0003-2229-011X NR 102 TC 122 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 1 BP 122 EP 137 DI 10.1086/444554 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977VV UT WOS:000232832500011 ER PT J AU Fynbo, JPU Gorosabel, J Smette, A Fruchter, A Hjorth, J Pedersen, K Levan, A Burud, I Sahu, K Vreeswijk, PM Bergeron, E Kouveliotou, C Tanvir, N Thorsett, SE Wijers, RAMJ Ceron, JMC Castro-Tirado, AC Garnavich, P Holland, ST Jakobsson, P Moller, P Nugent, P Pian, E Rhoads, J Thomsen, B Watson, D Woosley, S AF Fynbo, JPU Gorosabel, J Smette, A Fruchter, A Hjorth, J Pedersen, K Levan, A Burud, I Sahu, K Vreeswijk, PM Bergeron, E Kouveliotou, C Tanvir, N Thorsett, SE Wijers, RAMJ Ceron, JMC Castro-Tirado, AC Garnavich, P Holland, ST Jakobsson, P Moller, P Nugent, P Pian, E Rhoads, J Thomsen, B Watson, D Woosley, S TI On the afterglow and host galaxy of GRB 021004: A comprehensive study with the Hubble space telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; LYMAN-ALPHA EMISSION; HIGH COLUMN DENSITY; STAR-FORMATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; LOW METALLICITY; LIGHT CURVES; DUST; POLARIZATION AB We report on Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the late-time afterglow and host galaxy of GRB 021004 (z = 2.33). Although this gamma- ray burst (GRB) is one of the best observed so far in terms of sampling in the time domain, multiwavelength coverage, and polarimetric observations, there is substantial disagreement between different interpretations of data sets on this burst in the literature. We have observed the field of GRB 021004 with the HST at multiple epochs from 3 days until almost 10 months after the burst. With the STIS PRISM and G430L spectroscopy, we cover the spectral region from about 2000 to 5700 angstrom, corresponding to 600-1700 angstrom in the rest frame. From the limit on the flux recovery blueward of the Lyman limit, we constrain the H I column density to be above 1 x 10(18) cm(-2) (5 sigma). On the basis of ACS and NICMOS imaging, we find that the afterglow evolved achromatically within the errors (any variation must be less than 5%) during the period of the HST observations. The color changes observed by other authors during the first 4 days must be related to a stochastic phenomenon superimposed on an afterglow component with a constant spectral shape. This achromaticity implies that the cooling break has remained on the blue side of the optical part of the spectrum for at least 2 weeks after the explosion. The optical-to-X-ray slope beta(OX) is consistent with being the same at 1.4 and 52.4 days after the burst. This indicates that the cooling frequency is constant and, hence, according to fireball models, that the circumburst medium has a constant density profile. The late-time slope of the light curve (alpha(2), F-v proportional to t(-alpha 2)) is in the range alpha(2) = 1.8-1.9 and is inconsistent with a single power law. This could be due to a late-time flattening caused by the transition to nonrelativistic expansion or could be due to excess emission (a "bump" in the light curve) about 7 days after the burst. The host galaxy is, like most previously studied GRB hosts, a (very) blue starburst galaxy with no evidence for dust and with strong Ly alpha emission. The star formation rate of the host is about 10 M-circle dot yr(-1) on the basis of both the strength of the UV continuum and the Ly alpha luminosity. The spectral energy distribution of the host implies an age in the range 30-100 Myr for the dominant stellar population. The afterglow was located very close (similar to 100 pc) to the center of the host, implying that the progenitor was possibly associated with a circumnuclear starburst. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CSIC, IAA, E-11080 Granada, Spain. European So Observ, Santiago, Chile. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Phys Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NSSTC, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Inst Astron, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. European So Observ, D-85748 Munich, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Hjorth, Jens/M-5787-2014; Watson, Darach/E-4521-2015; Jakobsson, Pall/L-9950-2015; OI Hjorth, Jens/0000-0002-4571-2306; Watson, Darach/0000-0002-4465-8264; Jakobsson, Pall/0000-0002-9404-5650; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; Wijers, Ralph/0000-0002-3101-1808; Castro-Tirado, A. J./0000-0003-2999-3563; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858 NR 75 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 633 IS 1 BP 317 EP 327 DI 10.1086/432633 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977VV UT WOS:000232832500030 ER PT J AU Utschig, LM Thurnauner, MC Tiede, DM Poluektov, OG AF Utschig, LM Thurnauner, MC Tiede, DM Poluektov, OG TI Low-temperature interquinone electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Blastochloris viridis: Characterization of Q(B)(-) states by high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; INDUCED STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; 2 CONFORMATIONAL STATES; CHARGE-SEPARATED STATE; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; PROTON-TRANSFER; SECONDARY QUINONE; BINDING-SITE; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; RECOMBINATION KINETICS AB High-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (HF EPR) techniques have been employed to look for localized light-induced conformational changes in the protein environments around the reduced secondary quinone acceptor (Q(B)(-)) in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Blastochloris viridis RCs. The Q(A)(-) and Q(B)(-) radical species in Fe-removed/Zn-replaced protonated RCs substituted with deuterated quinones are distinguishable with pulsed D-band (130 GHz) EPR and provide native probes of both the low-temperature Q(A)(-)Q(B) -> Q(A)Q(B)(-) electron-transfer event and the structure of trapped conformational substates. We report here the first spectroscopic evidence that cryogenically trapped, light-induced changes enable low-temperature Q(A)(-)Q(B) -> Q(A)Q(B)(-) electron transfer in the B. viridis RC and the first observation of an inactive, trapped P(+)Q(B)(-) state in both R. sphaeroides and B. viridis RCs that does not recombine at 20 K. The high resolution and orientational selectivity of HF electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) allows us to directly probe protein environments around Q(B)(-) for distinct P(+)Q(B)(-) kinetic RC states by spectrally selecting specific nuclei in isotopically labeled samples. No structural differences in the protein structure near Q(B)(-) or reorientation (within 5) of Q(B)(-) was observed with HF ENDOR spectra of two states of P(+)Q(B)(-): "active" and "inactive" states with regards to low-temperature electron transfer. These results reveal a remarkably enforced local protein environment for Q(B) in its reduced semiquinone state and suggest that the conformational change that controls reactivity resides beyond the Q(B) local environment. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Utschig, LM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM utschig@anl.gov NR 74 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 43 BP 14131 EP 14142 DI 10.1021/bi051060q PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 980DE UT WOS:000232993300010 PM 16245929 ER PT J AU Makarova, VV Kosourov, SN Krendeleva, TE Kukarskikh, GP Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M Rubin, AB AF Makarova, VV Kosourov, SN Krendeleva, TE Kukarskikh, GP Ghirardi, ML Seibert, M Rubin, AB TI Photochemical activity of photosystem II and hydrogen photoproduction in sulfur-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants D1-R323D and D1-R323L SO BIOFIZIKA LA Russian DT Article DE Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; mutants D1-R323D and D1-R323L; chlorophyll fluorescence; photosystem II; sulfur deprivation; hydrogen photoproduction ID GREEN-ALGA; SENSITIVITY; MUTATIONS; H-2 AB The role of photosystem II in hydrogen photoproduction by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells was studied in mutants with modified D1-protein. In D1-R323D and D1-R323L mutants, the replacement of arginine by aspartate or leucine, respectively, resulted in the disruption of electron transport at the donor side of photosystem II. The rate of oxygen evolution in D1-R323D decreased twice as compared to the pseudo-wild type (pWT), and in D1-R323L no oxygen evolution was detected. The latter mutant was not capable of photoautotrophical growth. The dynamics of changes in oxygen content, the reduction of photosystem II active reaction centers (Delta F/F'(m)), and hydrogen production rate in pWT were found to be similar to the wild type if cultivated under sulfur deprivation in a closed bioreactor. The observed gradual decrease in the Delta F/F'(m) value turned to a sharp drop almost to zero followed by a partial recovery during which the production of hydrogen set in. The transition to the anaerobic phase in D1-R323D cultured in a sulfur-deprived medium occurred earlier than it happened in pWt under the same conditions. However, the partial recovery of photosystem II activity and hydrogen production started at a later time, and the rate of hydrogen production was low. The D1-R323L mutant incapable of oxygen evolution entered the rapidly anaerobiosis but produced no hydrogen. The kinetics of photoinduced redox transitions in P700 was similar in all investigated strains and was not affected by diuron addition. This implies that the mutants had a pool of reducers, which could donate electrons through the quinone pool or cytochrome to photosystem I. However, in D1-R323L mutant lacking the active photosystem II, this condition was not sufficient to support hydrogenase activity. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Basic Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Makarova, VV (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Biol, Moscow 119992, Russia. RI Kosourov, Sergey/C-6682-2009; Kosourov, Sergey/A-1659-2016 OI Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041; Kosourov, Sergey/0000-0003-4025-8041 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0006-3029 J9 BIOFIZIKA+ JI Biofizika PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1070 EP 1078 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 992BY UT WOS:000233860400014 PM 16358786 ER PT J AU Fansler, SJ Smith, JL Bolton, H Bailey, VL AF Fansler, SJ Smith, JL Bolton, H Bailey, VL TI Distribution of two C cycle enzymes in soil aggregates of a prairie chronosequence SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE enzyme; soil structure; wet sieving; microbial community function; chronosequence ID BETA-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; CARBON; DYNAMICS; SEQUESTRATION; TILLAGE; SYSTEMS AB Knowledge of the cycling and compartmentalization of soil C that influence C storage may lead to the development of strategies to increase soil C storage potentials. The objective of this study was to use soil hydrolases and soil aggregate fractionation to explore the relationship between C cycling activity and soil aggregate structure. The prairie chronosequence soils were native prairie (NP) and agricultural (AG) and tallgrass prairies restored from agriculture in 1979 (RP-79) and 1993 (RP-93). Assays for beta-glucosidase ( E. C. 3.2.1.21) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase, EC 3.2.1.30) activities were conducted on four aggregate size fractions (> 2 mm, 1 - 2 mm, 250 mu m - 1 mm, and 2 - 250 mu m) from each soil. There were significantly greater amounts of > 2- mm aggregates in the RP-79 and RP-93 soils compared to the NP and AG soils due to rapid C accumulation from native plant establishment. Activities for both enzymes (mu g PNP g(-1) soil h(-1)) were greatest in the microaggregate ( 2 - 250 mu m) compared to the macroaggregate (> 2 mm) fraction; however, microaggregates are a small proportion of each soil (< 12%) compared to the macroaggregates (similar to 75%). The RP soils have a hierarchical aggregate system with most of the enzyme activity in the largest aggregate fractions. The NP and AG soils show no hierarchical structure based on aggregate C accretion and significant C enzyme activity in smaller aggregates. The distribution of enzyme activity may play a role in the storage of C whereby the aggrading restored soils may be more susceptible to C loss during turnover of macroaggregates compared to the AG and NP soils with less macroaggregates. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jlsmith@mail.wsu.edu RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD NOV PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00374-005-0867-2 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 970AL UT WOS:000232277500003 ER PT J AU Freed, AD Einstein, DR Vesely, I AF Freed, AD Einstein, DR Vesely, I TI Invariant formulation for dispersed transverse isotropy in aortic heart valves - An efficient means for modeling fiber splay SO BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; FINITE ELASTICITY; BEHAVIOR; TISSUE AB Most soft tissues possess an oriented architecture of collagen fiber bundles, conferring both anisotropy and nonlinearity to their elastic behavior. Transverse isotropy has often been assumed for a subset of these tissues that have a single macroscopically-identifiable preferred fiber direction. Micro-structural studies, however, suggest that, in some tissues, collagen fibers are approximately normally distributed about a mean preferred fiber direction. Structural constitutive equations that account for this dispersion of fibers have been shown to capture the mechanical complexity of these tissues quite well. Such descriptions, however, are computationally cumbersome for two-dimensional (2D) fiber distributions, let alone for fully three-dimensional (3D) fiber populations. In this paper, we develop a new constitutive law for such tissues, based on a novel invariant theory for dispersed transverse isotropy. The invariant theory is derived from a novel closed-form 'splay invariant' that can easily handle 3D fiber populations, and that only requires a single parameter in the 2D case. The model fits biaxial data for aortic valve tissue as accurately as the standard structural model. Modification of the fiber stress-strain law requires no reformulation of the constitutive tangent matrix, making the model flexible for different types of soft tissues. Most importantly, the model is computationally expedient in a finite-element analysis, demonstrated by modeling a bloprosthetic heart valve. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biomed Engn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, BioSci & Technol Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Saban Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. RP Freed, AD (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biomed Engn, ND-20,9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. EM Alan.D.Freed@nasa.gov; Daniel.Einstein@pnl.gov; IVesely@chla.usc.edu OI Freed, Alan/0000-0002-3492-0628 NR 33 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-7959 J9 BIOMECH MODEL MECHAN JI Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2-3 BP 100 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s10237-005-0069-8 PG 18 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 994MX UT WOS:000234037000003 PM 16133588 ER PT J AU Wu, GH Majewski, J Ege, C Kjaer, K Weygand, MJ Lee, KYC AF Wu, GH Majewski, J Ege, C Kjaer, K Weygand, MJ Lee, KYC TI Interaction between lipid monolayers and poloxamer 188: An X-ray reflectivity and diffraction study SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAZING-INCIDENCE DIFFRACTION; ELECTRICAL INJURY MECHANISMS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE CELLS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS; MEMBRANE DAMAGE; LIPOSOMES; SURFACTANTS; STABILITY; BILAYER AB The mechanism by which poloxamer 188 (P188) seals a damaged cell membrane is examined using the lipid monolayer as a model system. X-ray reflectivity and grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction results show that at low nominal lipid density, P188, by physically occupying the available area and phase separating from the lipids, forces the lipid molecules to pack tightly and restore the barrier function of the membrane. Upon compression to bilayer equivalent pressure, P188 is squeezed out from the lipid monolayer, allowing a graceful exit of P188 when the membrane integrity is restored. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM USA. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Inst Biophys Dynam, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM kayeelee@uchicago.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 54 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 21 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 3159 EP 3173 DI 10.1529/biophysj.104.052290 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 979HP UT WOS:000232933300030 PM 16100276 ER PT J AU Brauns, EB Dyer, RB AF Brauns, EB Dyer, RB TI Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of RNA folding SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LASER TEMPERATURE-JUMP; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE; STACKING; ACIDS AB We introduce time-resolved infrared spectroscopy as a powerful method to study the kinetics of RNA folding and unfolding transitions. A laser-induced temperature jump is used to initiate a perturbation in the RNA structure. A probe laser, tuned to a specific infrared absorption of the RNA, is then used to monitor the subsequent relaxation kinetics. A 10-ns pump pulse permits the investigation of fast, nanosecond events. In this work we probe two vibrational transitions, one at 1620 cm(-1) and one at 1661 cm(-1). The former transition reports mainly on the dynamics of A and U interactions, the latter is attributed to mainly G and C interactions. Our results reveal three distinct kinetic phases for each vibrational transition probed. We propose two models to describe the data. In one mechanism, the unfolded state partitions into two separate populations; each is conformationally biased to proceed via one of two distinct pathways. In an alternative model, folding proceeds through a series of sequentially populated intermediates. In both cases, the first step in the proposed folding mechanism is rate limiting (hundreds of microseconds) and involves a collapse into incorrectly folded intermediate populations. Two faster kinetic phases (tens of microseconds and hundreds of nanoseconds) follow in which the intermediate populations undergo localized reorganizational motions in the search for native contacts. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Brauns, EB (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM ebrauns@uidaho.edu NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 3523 EP 3530 DI 10.1529/biophysj.105.061531 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 979HP UT WOS:000232933300064 PM 16126826 ER PT J AU Karim, K Hoffmann, R Klasson, T Al-Dahhan, MH AF Karim, K Hoffmann, R Klasson, T Al-Dahhan, MH TI Anaerobic digestion of animal waste: Waste strength versus impact of mixing SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic; biogas; digestion; draft tube; manure; mixing ID MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; REACTOR; MANURE AB We studied the effect of mode of mixing (biogas recirculation, impeller mixing, and slurry recirculation) and waste strength on the performance of laboratory scale digesters. The digesters were fed with 5% and 10% manure slurry, at a constant energy supply per unit volume (8 W/m(3)). The experiments were conducted in eight laboratory scale digesters, each having a working volume of 3.73 L, at a controlled temperature of 35 2 degrees C. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) was kept constant at 16.2 days, resulting in a total solids (TS) loading rate of 3.08 g/Ld and 6.2 g/Ld for 5% and 10% manure slurry feeds, respectively. Results showed that the unmixed and mixed digesters performed quite similarly when fed with 5% manure slurry and produced biogas at a rate of 0.84-0.94 L/L d with a methane yield of 0.26-0.31 L CH4/g volatile solids (VS) loaded. This was possibly because of the low solids concentration in the case of 5% manure slurry, where mixing created by the naturally produced gas might be sufficient to provide adequate mixing. However, the effect of mixing and the mode of mixing became prominent in the case of the digesters fed with thicker manure slurry (10%). Digesters fed with 10% manure slurry and mixed by slurry recirculation, impeller, and biogas recirculation produced approximately 29%, 22% and 15% more biogas than unmixed digester, respectively. Deposition of solids inside the digesters was not observed in the case of 5% manure slurry, but it became significant in the case of 10% manure slurry. Therefore, mixing issue becomes more critical with thicker manure slurry. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington Univ, CREL, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Al-Dahhan, MH (reprint author), Washington Univ, CREL, Dept Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 34 TC 58 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 96 IS 16 BP 1771 EP 1781 DI 10.1016/j.biotech.2005.01.020 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 956ZQ UT WOS:000231339300004 PM 16051083 ER PT J AU Inoue, J Kosovic, B Curry, JA AF Inoue, J Kosovic, B Curry, JA TI Evolution of a storm-driven cloudy boundary layer in the Arctic SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE radiative cooling; shear mixing; SHEBA; storm-driven boundary layer ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SEA-ICE; RADIATION; TURBULENCE; BUDGET; WATER; SHEBA; MODEL AB To investigate the processes of development and maintenance of low-level clouds during major synoptic events, the cloudy boundary layer under stormy conditions during the summertime Arctic has been studied using observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment and large-eddy simulations (LES). On 29 July 1998, a stable Arctic cloudy boundary-layer event was observed after the passage of a synoptic low pressure system. The local dynamic and thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer was determined from aircraft measurements including the analysis of turbulence, cloud microphysics and radiative properties. After the upper cloud layer advected over the existing cloud layer, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget indicated that the cloud layer below 200 m was maintained predominantly by shear production. Observations of longwave radiation showed that cloud-top cooling at the lower cloud top has been suppressed by radiative effects of the upper cloud layer. Our LES results demonstrate the importance of the combination of shear mixing near the surface and radiative cooling at the cloud top in the storm-driven cloudy boundary layer. Once the low-level cloud reaches a certain height, depending on the amount of cloud-top cooling, the two sources of TKE production begin to separate in space under continuous stormy conditions, suggesting one possible mechanism for the cloud layering. The sensitivity tests suggest that the storm-driven cloudy boundary layer is possibly switched to the shear-driven system due to the advection of upper clouds or to the buoyantly driven system due to the lack of wind shear. A comparison is made of this storm-driven boundary layer with the buoyantly driven boundary layer previously described in the literature. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Inoue, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jun.inoue@eas.gatech.edu NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 117 IS 2 BP 213 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s10546-004-6003-2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 985HI UT WOS:000233367800002 ER PT J AU Kaput, J Ordovas, JM Ferguson, L van Ommen, B Rodriguez, RL Allen, L Ames, BN Dawson, K German, B Krauss, R Malyj, W Archer, MC Barnes, S Bartholomew, A Birk, R van Bladeren, P Bradford, KJ Brown, KH Caetano, R Castle, D Chadwick, R Clarke, S Clement, K Cooney, CA Corella, D da Cruz, IBM Daniel, H Duster, T Ebbesson, SOE Elliott, R Fairweather-Tait, S Felton, J Fenech, M Finley, JW Fogg-Johnson, N Gill-Garrison, R Gibney, MJ Gillies, PJ Gustafsson, JA Hartmann, JL He, L Hwang, JK Jais, JP Jang, YS Joost, H Junien, C Kanter, M Kibbe, WA Koletzko, B Korf, BR Kornman, K Krempin, DW Langin, D Lauren, DR Lee, JH Leveille, GA Lin, SJ Mathers, J Mayne, M McNabb, W Milner, JA Morgan, P Muller, M Nikolsky, Y van der Ouderaa, F Park, T Pensel, N Perez-Jimenez, F Poutanen, K Roberts, M Saris, WHM Schuster, G Shelling, AN Simopoulos, AP Southon, S Tai, ES Towne, B Trayhurn, P Uauy, R Visek, WJ Warden, C Weiss, R Wiencke, J Winkler, J Wolff, GL Xi, ZW Zucker, JD AF Kaput, J Ordovas, JM Ferguson, L van Ommen, B Rodriguez, RL Allen, L Ames, BN Dawson, K German, B Krauss, R Malyj, W Archer, MC Barnes, S Bartholomew, A Birk, R van Bladeren, P Bradford, KJ Brown, KH Caetano, R Castle, D Chadwick, R Clarke, S Clement, K Cooney, CA Corella, D da Cruz, IBM Daniel, H Duster, T Ebbesson, SOE Elliott, R Fairweather-Tait, S Felton, J Fenech, M Finley, JW Fogg-Johnson, N Gill-Garrison, R Gibney, MJ Gillies, PJ Gustafsson, JA Hartmann, JL He, L Hwang, JK Jais, JP Jang, YS Joost, H Junien, C Kanter, M Kibbe, WA Koletzko, B Korf, BR Kornman, K Krempin, DW Langin, D Lauren, DR Lee, JH Leveille, GA Lin, SJ Mathers, J Mayne, M McNabb, W Milner, JA Morgan, P Muller, M Nikolsky, Y van der Ouderaa, F Park, T Pensel, N Perez-Jimenez, F Poutanen, K Roberts, M Saris, WHM Schuster, G Shelling, AN Simopoulos, AP Southon, S Tai, ES Towne, B Trayhurn, P Uauy, R Visek, WJ Warden, C Weiss, R Wiencke, J Winkler, J Wolff, GL Xi, ZW Zucker, JD TI The case for strategic international alliances to harness nutritional genomics for public and personal health SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE strategic international alliances; nutrigenomics; gene-nutrient interactions; health diaparities ID DIABETES-RELATED TRAITS; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; POPULATION STRATIFICATION; CARBOHYDRATE INGESTION; COMPLEX DISEASES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; HAPMAP PROJECT; MESSENGER-RNA; DIETARY FIBER AB Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene-nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient-genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an increase in global health and wellness by reducing health disparities in developed and developing countries. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Excellence Nutr Genom, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Auckland, Natl Ctr Res Excellence Nutrigenom, Auckland 1, New Zealand. TNO Qual Life, NuGO, Zeist, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Univ Alabama Ctr Nutrient Gene Interact, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Lab Nutrigenom Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Biotechnol Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Nestec Ltd, Nestle Res Ctr, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland. Univ Calif Davis, Seed Biotechnol Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Program Int Nutr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Reg Noroeste Estado Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Hlth Sci, Bairro Sao Geraldo Ijui, RS, Brazil. Univ Guelph, Dept Philosophy, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Univ Lancaster, ESRC Ctr Econ & Social Aspects Genom CESAGen, Lancaster LA1 4YG, England. McNeil Nutr, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Univ Paris 06, INSERM Avenir Nutr Dpt Hotel Dieu, Paris, France. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. Univ Reg Noroeste Estado Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Hlth Sci, Bairro Sao Geraldo Ijui, RS, Brazil. Tech Univ Munich, NuGO, Mol Nutr Unit, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. NYU, Dept Sociol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst Study Social Change, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Dept Neurol Surg, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Inst Food Res, Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CSIRO Hlth Sci & Nutr, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. AM Todd, Montgomeryville, PA 18936 USA. Life Sci Alliance, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. Sciona Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Trinity Coll Dublin, NuGO, Nutr Unit, Dept Clin Med, Dublin, Ireland. DuPont Nutr & Hlth, Human Hlth Sci, Newark, DE USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Excellence Nutrigenom, University Pk, PA USA. Karolinska Inst, Novum, Dept Med Nutr, Ctr Biotechnol, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Nutr Sci, SIBS, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. Yonsei Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Paris 05, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Paris, France. Yonsei Univ, Dept Internal Med, Seoul 120749, South Korea. German Inst Human Nutr, NuGO, Potsdam, Germany. Clin M Lamy, Dept Genet, Hop Necker Enfants Malad, F-75743 Paris, France. Cargill Inc, Wayzata, MN 55305 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Genet Med, Ctr Funct Genom,Robert Lurie Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Munich, Dr Von Hauner Childrens Hosp, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Interleukin Genet Inc, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. Nutrilite Div Access Business Grp LLC, Buena Pk, CA 90622 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Obes Res Unit, Inst Louis Bugnard, French Inst Hlth & Med Res,INSERM,Toulouse Univ H, F-31059 Toulouse, France. HortRes Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Food Syst Design, Denville, NJ 07834 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol, Div Biol Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Newcastle, Human Nutr Res Ctr, NuGO, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Nutrisci & Hlth, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada. AgResearch, Grassland Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Rowett Res, Aberystwyth AB21 9SB, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen Ctr Food Sci & Nutr, NuGO Dutch Innovat Cluster Nutrigenom, Wageningen, Netherlands. GeneGo Inc, St Joseph, MI 49085 USA. Unilever Corp Res, Sharnbrook MK44 1PY, Beds, England. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Inst Tecnol Alimentos, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. Univ Kuopio, Food & Hlth Res Ctr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Purina Nestle, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Maastricht, NuGO Nutr & Toxicol Res Inst NUTRIM, Maastricht, Netherlands. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Auckland, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Ctr Genet Nutr & Hlth, Washington, DC 20009 USA. NuGO Inst Food Res, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. Singapore Gen Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Singapore 169608, Singapore. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Dayton, OH 45401 USA. Univ Liverpool, Sch Clin Sci, Liverpool Ctr Nutr Genom, Obes Biol Unit, Liverpool L69 3GA, Merseyside, England. Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Tecnol Alimentos, Santiago 11, Chile. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Biol Sci, Neurobiol Physiol & Behav Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Viocare Technol Inc, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Neuroepidemiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Food & Hlth Res, London N1 7AB, England. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. BioMarker Pharmaceut Inc, Campbell, CA 95008 USA. Univ Paris 13, EPML CNRS APuces, LIM&BIO, F-93017 Bobigny, France. RP Kaput, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Excellence Nutr Genom, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jkaput@uic.edu RI JAIS, Jean-Philippe/B-2993-2009; Shelling, Andrew/E-7496-2010; Joost, Hans-Georg/J-4462-2013; ZUCKER, Jean-Daniel /K-3008-2016; Dawson, Kenneth A./L-2540-2016; Kibbe, Warren/B-2106-2010; Ferguson, Lynnette/F-5989-2011; Jang, Yang Soo/D-4803-2012; Muller, Michael/B-5795-2008; Fairweather-Tait, Susan/K-4251-2012; da Cruz, Ivana/G-4329-2012; Daniel, Hannelore/B-8982-2009 OI Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Mathers, John/0000-0003-3406-3002; Cooney, Craig/0000-0003-4279-557X; Langin, Dominique/0000-0002-2669-7825; Shelling, Andrew/0000-0002-5300-1934; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; McNabb, Warren/0000-0003-2514-6551; JAIS, Jean-Philippe/0000-0002-0708-8776; Joost, Hans-Georg/0000-0002-5860-606X; ZUCKER, Jean-Daniel /0000-0002-5597-7922; Dawson, Kenneth A./0000-0002-0568-6588; Kibbe, Warren/0000-0001-5622-7659; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Muller, Michael/0000-0002-5930-9905; da Cruz, Ivana/0000-0003-3008-6899; FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776]; NIMHD NIH HHS [MD 00222] NR 83 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 EI 1475-2662 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 94 IS 5 BP 623 EP 632 DI 10.1079/BJN20051585 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 981NZ UT WOS:000233096600002 PM 16277761 ER PT J AU Jones, LE Perelson, AS AF Jones, LE Perelson, AS TI Opportunistic infection as a cause of transient viremia in chronically infected HIV patients under treatment with HAART SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; T-CELL RESPONSES; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; RESIDUAL VIRAL REPLICATION; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; BYSTANDER ACTIVATION; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ANTIGEN; DYNAMICS AB When highly active antiretroviral therapy is administered for long periods of time to HIV-1 infected patients, most patients achieve viral loads that are "undetectable" by standard assay (i.e., HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/ml). Yet despite exhibiting sustained viral loads below the level of detection, a number of these patients experience unexplained episodes of transient viremia or viral "blips". We propose here that transient activation of the immune system by opportunistic infection may explain these episodes of viremia. Indeed, immune activation by opportunistic infection may spur HIV replication, replenish viral reservoirs and contribute to accelerated disease progression. In order to investigate the effects of intercurrent infection on chronically infected HIV patients under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we extend a simple dynamic model of the effects of vaccination on HIV infection [Jones, L.E., Perelson, A.S., 2002. Modeling the effects of vaccination on chronically infected HIV-positive patients. JAIDS 31, 369-377] to include growing pathogens. We then propose a more realistic model for immune cell expansion in the presence of pathogen, and include this in a set of competing models that allow low baseline viral loads in the presence of drug treatment. Programmed expansion of immune cells upon exposure to antigen is a feature not previously included in HIV models, and one that is especially important to consider when simulating an immune response to opportunistic infection. Using these models we show that viral blips with realistic duration and amplitude can be generated by intercurrent infections in HAART treated patients. (c) 2005 Society for Mathematical Biology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jones, LE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM lej4@cornell.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433] NR 49 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0092-8240 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1227 EP 1251 DI 10.1016/j.bulm.2005.01.006 PG 25 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 973IO UT WOS:000232516300005 PM 16023709 ER PT J AU Lewicki, JL Bergfeld, D Cardellini, C Chiodini, G Granieri, D Varley, N Werner, C AF Lewicki, JL Bergfeld, D Cardellini, C Chiodini, G Granieri, D Varley, N Werner, C TI Comparative soil CO2 flux measurements and geostatistical estimation methods on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; soil gas; accumulation chamber method; geostatistics; Masaya volcano; volcano monitoring; emission rates ID MAMMOTH MOUNTAIN; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EMISSION RATES; TRANSPORT MECHANISMS; GAS PLUME; CALIFORNIA; SPECTROSCOPY; RELEASE AB We present a comparative study of soil CO2 flux (F-CO2) measured by five groups (Groups 1-5) at the IAVCEI-CCVG Eighth Workshop on Volcanic Gases on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua. Groups 1-5 measured F-CO2 using the accumulation chamber method at 5-m spacing within a 900 m2supercript stop grid during a morning (AM) period. These measurements were repeated by Groups 1-3 during an afternoon (PM) period. Measured F-CO2 ranged from 218 to 14,719 g m(-2) day(-1). The variability of the five measurements made at each grid point ranged from +/- 5 to 167%. However, the arithmetic means of fluxes measured over the entire grid and associated total CO2 emission rate estimates varied between groups by only +/- 22%. All three groups that made PM measurements reported an 8-19% increase in total emissions over the AM results. Based on a comparison of measurements made during AM and PM times, we argue that this change is due in large part to natural temporal variability of gas flow, rather than to measurement error. In order to estimate the mean and associated CO2 emission rate of one data set and to map the spatial F-CO2 distribution, we compared six geostatistical methods: arithmetic and minimum variance unbiased estimator means of uninterpolated data, and arithmetic means of data interpolated by the multiquadric radial basis function, ordinary kriging, multi-Gaussian kriging, and sequential Gaussian simulation methods. While the total CO2 emission rates estimated using the different techniques only varied by +/- 4.4%, the F-CO2 maps showed important differences. We suggest that the sequential Gaussian simulation method yields the most realistic representation of the spatial distribution of F-CO2, but a variety of geostatistical methods are appropriate to estimate the total CO2 emission rate from a study area, which is a primary goal in volcano monitoring research. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples, Italy. Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias, Colima, Mexico. Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Taupo, New Zealand. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jllewicki@lbl.gov RI Chiodini, Giovanni/A-2744-2013; Varley, Nick/A-5591-2013; Chiodini, Giovanni/K-3557-2014; Granieri, Domenico/F-4058-2010; Cardellini, Carlo/J-8799-2015 OI Varley, Nick/0000-0001-9626-4024; Chiodini, Giovanni/0000-0002-0628-8055; Granieri, Domenico/0000-0003-2831-723X; Cardellini, Carlo/0000-0003-4125-3058 NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 68 IS 1 BP 76 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s00445-005-0423-9 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 987DV UT WOS:000233499500006 ER PT J AU Kukla, KW Livingston, AE Vogt, CMV Berry, HG Dunford, RW Curtis, LJ Cheng, S AF Kukla, KW Livingston, AE Vogt, CMV Berry, HG Dunford, RW Curtis, LJ Cheng, S TI Extreme-ultraviolet wavelength and lifetime measurements in highly ionized krypton SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-LIKE KRYPTON; HIGH-LYING LEVELS; HELIUM-LIKE; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; 2S-2P TRANSITIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE; RADIATIVE DECAY; LINE STRENGTHS; IONS; RESONANCE AB We have studied the spectrum of highly ionized krypton in the extreme-ultraviolet wavelength region (50-300 angstrom), using beam-foil excitation of fast krypton ions at the Argonne ATLAS accelerator facility. We report measurements of transition wavelengths and excited-state lifetimes for n = 2 states in the lithiumlike, berylliumlike, and boronlike ions, Kr-31+,Kr-32+,Kr-33+. Excited state lifetimes ranging from 10 ps to 3 ns were measured by acquiring time-of-flight-delayed spectra with a position-sensitive multichannel detector. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Phys, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Curtis, LJ (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM ljc@physics.utoledo.edu NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1127 EP 1139 DI 10.1139/P05-066 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 010WR UT WOS:000235229100003 ER PT J AU Felton, JS Bennion, B Lightstone, FC Malfatti, MA Knize, MG Kulp, KS AF Felton, JS Bennion, B Lightstone, FC Malfatti, MA Knize, MG Kulp, KS TI Heterocyclic amines from cooked foods: Are they more than just potent mutagens? SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2005 CL Baltimore, MD C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 11 SU S BP 2803S EP 2803S PN 2 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 985BN UT WOS:000233351200424 ER PT J AU Malfatti, MA Ubick, EA Felton, JS AF Malfatti, MA Ubick, EA Felton, JS TI The impact of glucuronidation on the bioactivation and DNA adduction of the cooked-food carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in vivo SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES; N-HYDROXY-PHIP; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE PHIP; COVALENT BINDING; RAT-LIVER; GUNN-RATS; HUMANS; METABOLISM; ACTIVATION AB UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the glucuronidation of many different chemicals. Glucuronidation is especially important for detoxifying reactive intermediates from metabolic reactions, which otherwise can be biotransformed into highly reactive cytotoxic or carcinogenic species. Detoxification of certain food-borne-carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HAs) is highly dependent on UGT1A-mediated glucuronidation. 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the most mass abundant carcinogenic HA found in well-done cooked meat, is extensively glucuronidated by UGT1A proteins. In humans, CYP1A2 catalyzed N-hydroxylation and subsequent UGT1A-mediated glucuronidation is a dominant pathway in the metabolism of PhIP. Therefore, changes in glucuronidation rates could significantly alter PhIP metabolism. To determine the importance of UGT1A-mediated glucuronidation in the biotransformation of PhIP, hepatic UGT1A deficient Gunn and UGT1A proficient Wistar rats were exposed to a 100 mu g/kg oral dose of [C-14]PhIP. Urine was collected over 24 h and the PhIP urinary metabolite profiles were compared between the two strains. After the 24 h exposure, livers and colons were removed and analyzed for DNA adduct formation by accelerator mass spectrometry. Wistar rats produced several PhIP and N-hydroxy-PhIP glucuronides that accounted for similar to 25% of the total amount of recovered urinary metabolites. In the Gunn rats, PhIP and N-hydroxy-PhIP glucuronides were reduced by 68-92%, compared with the Wistar rats. PhIP-DNA adduct analysis from the Gunn rats revealed a correlation between reduced urinary PhIP and N-hydroxy-PhIP glucuronide levels and increased hepatic DNA adducts, compared with the Wistar rats. In the colon, DNA adduct levels were lower in the Gunn rats compared with the Wistar rats, suggesting deficient hepatic UGT1A activity provides protection against DNA adduct formation in peripheral tissue. Due to differences in PhIP metabolism between humans and rodents, extrapolation of these results to the human situation must be done with caution. These results indicate that UGT1A-mediated glucuronidation of PhIP and N-hydroxy-PhIP is an important pathway for PhIP detoxification, and demonstrate the importance of tissue-specific metabolism. Tissues with reduced UGT1A activity can have a higher rate of PhIP activation and be more inclined to form DNA adducts compared with tissues with normal UGT1A activity. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, POB 808,L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM felton1@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR13461] NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0143-3334 EI 1460-2180 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 2005 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2019 EP 2028 DI 10.1093/carcin/bgi151 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 976PV UT WOS:000232746500022 PM 15944213 ER PT J AU Hess, C Drake, IJ Hoefelmeyer, JD Tilley, TD Bell, AT AF Hess, C Drake, IJ Hoefelmeyer, JD Tilley, TD Bell, AT TI Partial oxidation of methanol over highly dispersed vanadia supported on silica SBA-15 SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE supported vanadium oxide; vanadia; SBA-15; methanol oxidation; spectroscopy; Raman ID OXIDE CATALYSTS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; V-51 NMR; DEHYDROGENATION; PROPANE; SURFACE; REACTIVITY; PENTOXIDE; MODEL AB The partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde (FA) was studied over highly dispersed vanadia supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 (VOx/SBA-15). VOx/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared by a novel grafting/ion-exchange method and characterized using UV-VIS- and Raman spectroscopy. The resulting surface vanadium oxide species (0-2.3 V/nm(2)), grafted on the inner pores of the SBA-15 silica matrix, consist of tetrahedrally coordinated monomeric and polymeric vanadia. The VOx/SBA-15 catalysts are active and highly selective for the production of FA between 300 and 400 degrees C. Comparison of the reactivity results with literature data reveals that a better catalytic performance can be obtained over vanadia supported on mesoporous silica in comparison with conventional silica samples with the same vanadium loading. Raman characterization of the catalyst after reaction at high conversion indicates that dispersed vanadia partly agglomerates into vanadia crystallites during methanol oxidation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hess, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hoefelmeyer, James/B-5278-2011; OI Hoefelmeyer, James/0000-0002-5955-8557; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 105 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/s10562-005-7997-x PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 975XJ UT WOS:000232697100001 ER PT J AU Dreuw, A Head-Gordon, M AF Dreuw, A Head-Gordon, M TI Single-reference ab initio methods for the calculation of excited states of large molecules SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DEPENDENT HARTREE-FOCK; FULL CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; CORRECT ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; ZINC PORPHYRIN DIMERS; CHARGE-TRANSFER STATE; KOHN-SHAM THEORY; LINKED FREE-BASE; Q-LIKE BANDS C1 Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dreuw, A (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, Marie Curie Str 11, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. EM andreas.dreuw@theochem.uni-frankfurt.de RI Fachbereich14, Dekanat/C-8553-2015 NR 155 TC 1311 Z9 1316 U1 25 U2 283 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 105 IS 11 BP 4009 EP 4037 DI 10.1021/cr0505627 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 984HT UT WOS:000233294400003 PM 16277369 ER PT J AU Kehoe, JW Kay, BK AF Kehoe, JW Kay, BK TI Filamentous phage display in the new millennium SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; MAJOR COAT PROTEIN; IN-VITRO SELECTION; COMBINATORIAL ANTIBODY LIBRARIES; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; CONTROLLING GENE-EXPRESSION; HIGH-AFFINITY ANTIBODIES; SINGLE-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; CODON-BASED MUTAGENESIS; MESSENGER-RNA DISPLAY C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kay, BK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bkay@anl.gov NR 336 TC 209 Z9 222 U1 7 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 105 IS 11 BP 4056 EP 4072 DI 10.1021/cr000261r PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 984HT UT WOS:000233294400005 PM 16277371 ER PT J AU Lu, YJ Gao, YL Zheng, JS Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Xin, HP Tu, CW AF Lu, YJ Gao, YL Zheng, JS Zhang, Y Mascarenhas, A Xin, HP Tu, CW TI Direct observation of NN pairs transfer in GaP1-xNx (x=0.12%) SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-BOUND EXCITONS; BAND-GAP; ALLOYS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; TRANSITION; EVOLUTION; GAASN; DECAY; TIME AB Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) was applied to investigate the transient process in GaP1-xNx (x = 0.12%) alloy. The filling, transferring and decay processes among nitrogen pairs are directly observed. The NN4 pair, either not present or only a small obscure peak under a proper excitation condition in the steady-state photoluminescence spectrum, is well resolved by TRPL. C1 Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lu, YJ (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Phys, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM yjlu@yanan.xmu.edu.cn RI Lu, YJ/G-4582-2010 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 22 IS 11 BP 2957 EP 2959 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 982SB UT WOS:000233180800064 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, RL Hillegonds, DJ Burton, DW Griffin, TL Mullaney, S Vogel, JS Deftos, LJ Herold, DA AF Fitzgerald, RL Hillegonds, DJ Burton, DW Griffin, TL Mullaney, S Vogel, JS Deftos, LJ Herold, DA TI Ca-41 and accelerator mass spectrometry to monitor calcium metabolism in end stage renal disease patients SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; BONE; RESORPTION; RADIOCALCIUM; MANAGEMENT; EXPOSURE; ISOTOPE; URINE AB Background: Monitoring bone resorption with measurements of bone density and biochemical markers is indirect. We hypothesized that bone resorption can be studied directly by serial measurements of the ratio Ca-41/Ca in serum after in vivo labeling of calcium pools with Ca-41. We report the Preparation of an intravenous Ca-41 dose suitable for humans, an analytical method for determining Ca-41/Ca isotope ratios in biological samples, and studies in human volunteers. Methods: Ca-41 was formulated and aliquoted into individual vials, and to the extent possible, the Ca-41 doses Were tested according to US Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines. A 10 nCi dose of (41)CA was administered intravenously to 4 end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis and 4 healthy control individuals. Distribution kinetics were determined over 168 days. Calcium was isolated with 3 precipitation steps and a cation-exchange column, and Ca-41/Ca ratios in serum were then measured, by accelerator mass spectrometry. Results: The dosing solution was chemically and radiologically pure, contained < 0.1 endotoxin unit/mL, and passed USP sterility tests. Quantification of Ca-41/Ca ratios was linear from 6 x 10(-14) to 9.1 x 10(-10). The run-to-run imprecision (as CV) of the method WAS 4% at 4.6 x 10(-11) and 6% at 9.1 x 10(-10). The area under the curve of Ca-41 in the central compartment Vs time was significantly less' for ESRD patients than for controls (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Isotope ratios spanning 5 orders of magnitude can be measured by accelerator mass spectrometry with excellent precision in the range observed in samples collected from patients who have received 10 nCi of Ca-41. The Ca-41 at this dose caused no adverse effects in 8 Volunteers. This is the first report of the use of Ca-41 to monitor differences in bone turnover between healthy individuals and ESRD patients.. (c) 2005 Americam Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, San Diego, CA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA USA. RP Fitzgerald, RL (reprint author), VAMC 113,3350 La Jolla Village, La Jolla, CA 92161 USA. EM rlfitzgerald@vapop.ucsd.edu NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 51 IS 11 BP 2095 EP 2102 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.049650 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 977HJ UT WOS:000232793700013 PM 16141289 ER PT J AU Dennis, DA Komistek, RD Mahfouz, MR Outten, JT Sharma, A AF Dennis, DA Komistek, RD Mahfouz, MR Outten, JT Sharma, A TI Mobile-beading total knee arthroplasty - Do the polyethylene bearings rotate? SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Knee-Society CY 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Knee Soc ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; VIVO FLUOROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; MULTICENTER ANALYSIS; DEFICIENT KNEE; CONTACT STRESS; FOLLOW-UP; KINEMATICS; MOTION; JOINT; REPLACEMENTS AB In vivo kinematics were determined during a weightbearing deep knee bend in 39 patients implanted with four different designs of mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty to assess polyethylene bearing mobility patterns and magnitudes. The femoral and tibial components and mobile polyethylene insert (implanted with four tantalum beads) were overlaid onto the fluoroscopic images using a three-dimensional model-fitting technique to determine bearing mobility. Three of the four designs were tested at a single time interval while one was evaluated at two postoperative intervals, (12 months apart) to assess changes in bearing mobility with time. All patients had polyethylene bearing rotation relative to the tibial tray and minimal rotation relative to the femoral component. The average maximum amounts of bearing rotation ranged from 8.4 degrees to 10.3 degrees (range, 3.0 degrees-20.1 degrees). In patients evaluated at two time intervals, the average maximum bearing rotation increased from 8.5 degrees (range, 3.4 degrees-15.5 degrees) at 3 months to 9.8 degrees (range, 48 degrees-14.1 degrees) 15 months postoperatively. The presented data demonstrates polyethylene bearing mobility occurs following mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty and mobility is maintained during the time interval tested. The presence of bearing mobility should result in lower contact stresses reducing the potential for polyethylene wear. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Rocky Mtn Musculoskeletal Res Lab, Denver, CO USA. RP Dennis, DA (reprint author), Colorado Joint Replacement, 2425 S Colorado Blvd,270, Denver, CO 80222 USA. EM dadtkamd@aol.com NR 37 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 IS 440 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1097/01.blo.0000185464.23505.6e PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 983KS UT WOS:000233231000017 ER PT J AU Larkey, LB Markman, AB AF Larkey, LB Markman, AB TI Processes of similarity judgment SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cognitive modeling; similarity; knowledge representation; psychology ID UNKNOWN DISTANCE FUNCTION; INTERACTIVE ACTIVATION; STRUCTURAL ALIGNMENT; ANALOGY; REPRESENTATION; CATEGORIZATION; PROXIMITIES; PERCEPTION; MEMORY; MODEL AB Similarity underlies fundamental cognitive capabilities such as memory, categorization, decision making, problem solving, and reasoning. Although recent approaches to similarity appreciate the structure of mental representations, they differ in the processes posited to operate over these representations. We present an experiment that differentiates among extant structural accounts of similarity in their ability to account for patterns of similarity ratings. These data pose a challenge for transformation-based models and all but one mapping-based model, the Similarity as Interactive Activation and Mapping (SIAM) model of similarity. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Larkey, LB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM larkey@lanl.gov RI Markman, Arthur/A-7657-2009 NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0364-0213 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1076 DI 10.1207/s15516709cog0000_30 PG 16 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 997LA UT WOS:000234245600008 PM 21702803 ER PT J AU Urtiew, PA Tarver, CM AF Urtiew, PA Tarver, CM TI Shock initiation of energetic materials at different initial temperatures (review) SO COMBUSTION EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Review DE detonation; shock initiation at different initial temperatures; energetic materials; plastic-bonded explosives; modeling of initiation; LX-04; LX-17 ID DETONATION-WAVES; SOLID EXPLOSIVES AB Shock initiation is one of the most important properties of energetic materials, which must transition to detonation exactly as intended when intentionally shocked and not detonate when accidentally shocked. The development of Manganin pressure gauges that are placed inside the explosive charge and record the buildup of pressure upon shock impact has greatly increased the knowledge of these reactive flows. This experimental data, together with similar data from electromagnetic particle velocity gauges, has allowed us to formulate the Ignition and Growth model of shock initiation and detonation in hydrodynamic computer codes for predictions of shock initiation scenarios that cannot be tested experimentally. An important problem in shock initiation of solid explosives is the change in sensitivity that occurs upon heating (or cooling). Experimental Manganin pressure gauge records and the corresponding Ignition and Growth model calculations are presented for two solid explosives, LX-17 [92.5% triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) with 7.5% Kel-F binder] and LX-04 [85% octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX) with 15% Viton binder] at several initial temperatures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Urtiew, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM urtiew1@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 37 PU CONSULTANTS BUREAU/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-5082 J9 COMBUST EXPLO SHOCK+ JI Combust. Explos. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 766 EP 776 DI 10.1007/s10573-005-0085-0 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA 995PY UT WOS:000234117500010 ER PT J AU Dauter, Z AF Dauter, Z TI Use of polynuclear metal clusters in protein crystallography SO COMPTES RENDUS CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE metal clusters; macromolecular crystallography; phasing; anomalous scattering ID LARGE RIBOSOMAL-SUBUNIT; NUCLEOSOME CORE PARTICLE; IRON-SULFUR PROTEINS; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; X-RAY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; ISOMORPHOUS REPLACEMENT AB Application of polynuclear metal clusters for phasing X-ray crystal structures of macromolecules is discussed. Their strong isomorphous and anomalous scattering signal is particularly useful for phasing structures of large macromolecules and complexes, especially at low resolution. The popularity of the metal clusters in macromolecular crystallography is expected to grow in the future. C1 NCI, MCL, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Argonne Natl Lab,Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dauter, Z (reprint author), NCI, MCL, Synchrotron Radiat Res Sect, Argonne Natl Lab,Biosci Div, Bldg 202,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dauter@anl.gov NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1631-0748 J9 CR CHIM JI C. R. Chim. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 8 IS 11-12 BP 1808 EP 1814 DI 10.1016/j.crci.2005.02.032 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 980FB UT WOS:000232998500013 ER PT J AU Janssens, KGF AF Janssens, KGF TI Computational Microstructure Evolution in Steels - Preface SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Janssens, KGF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM kgjanss@sandia.gov RI Janssens, Koenraad/A-1883-2009 OI Janssens, Koenraad/0000-0001-9776-3431 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP VII EP VII DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2005.03.001 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 950MS UT WOS:000230862000001 ER PT J AU Rauenzahn, RM Mousseau, VA Knoll, DA AF Rauenzahn, RM Mousseau, VA Knoll, DA TI Temporal accuracy of the nonequilibrium radiation diffusion equations employing a Saha ionization model SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE nonequilibrium; radiation; nonlinear; implicit ID TIME-INTEGRATION METHODS AB This manuscript presents an analysis of the temporal accuracy of two first-order in time and two second-order in time integration methods as applied to a coupled radiation diffusion/reaction system of equations. These methods are categorized by their temporal order of accuracy, whether the algorithm includes operator splitting, and whether the algorithm includes linearizations. Accuracy of the different methods on three different test problems is discussed. These test problems are not new to the literature, but the purpose here is to demonstrate that it is possible to maintain second-order time accuracy on a nontrivial coupled system while employing an operator-split and linearized method. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rauenzahn, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rick@lanl.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 172 IS 2 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2005.06.010 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 978UO UT WOS:000232898700003 ER PT J AU Belli, EA Hammett, GW AF Belli, EA Hammett, GW TI A numerical instability in an ADI algorithm for gyrokinetics SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE gyrokinetics; ADI; Eulerian ID SHEAR-ALFVEN WAVES; KINETIC ELECTRON CLOSURES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATION; VLASOV SIMULATION; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; DRIFT; PLASMAS; MODEL AB We explore the implementation of an Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) algorithm for a gyrokinetic plasma problem and its resulting numerical stability properties. This algorithm, which uses a standard ADI scheme to divide the field solve from the particle distribution function advance, has previously been found to work well for certain plasma kinetic problems involving 1 spatial and 2 velocity dimensions, including collisions and an electric field. However, for the gyrokinetic problem we find a severe stability restriction on the time step. Furthermore, we find that this numerical instability limitation also affects some other algorithms, such as a partially implicit Adams-Bashforth algorithm, where the parallel motion operator v(parallel to)partial derivative/partial derivative z is treated implicitly and the field terms are treated with an Adams-Bashforth explicit scheme. Fully explicit algorithms applied to all terms can be better at long wavelengths than these ADI or partially implicit algorithms. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Belli, EA (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ebelli@pppl.gov RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 172 IS 2 BP 119 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2005.06.007 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 978UO UT WOS:000232898700004 ER PT J AU Dubois, PF AF Dubois, PF TI Bean-counted research is smelly SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 7 IS 6 BP 96 EP 96 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2005.113 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 975BL UT WOS:000232635900014 ER PT J AU Kwak, SY DiMasi, E Han, YJ Aizenberg, J Kuzmenko, I AF Kwak, SY DiMasi, E Han, YJ Aizenberg, J Kuzmenko, I TI Orientation and Mg incorporation of calcite grown on functionalized self-assembled monolayers: A synchrotron X-ray study SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID NUCLEATION; CARBONATE; SEAWATER AB Calcite crystals were nucleated from MgCl2/CaCl2 solutions onto functionalized self-assembled monolayers adsorbed onto E-beam evaporated Au films. Synchrotron X-ray scattering studies of the crystals reveal new information about preferred orientation and Mg incorporation. The Au [111] axis is distributed within 2.6 degrees of the film surface normal, but the oriented crystals may be tilted up to 6 degrees away from this axis. For low Mg2+ content, SO3--functionalized films nucleated primardy near the (106) calcite face, odd-chain-length carboxylic acid terminated alkanethiol films nucleated near the (012) face, and even-chain-length carboxylic acid terminated alkanethiol films nucleated near the (113) face. [Mg2+]/[Ca2+] concentration ratios (n) of 2 and greater defeated this preferred orientation and created a powder texture. Diffraction patterns within the layer plane from the coarse calcite powders indicated a shift to higher 2 theta accompanied by peak broadening with increasing n. For 0.5 < n < 3.5, a double set of calcite peaks is observed, showing that two distinct Mg calcite phases form: one of comparatively lower Mg content, derived from the templated crystals, and a Mg-rich phase derived from amorphous precursor particles. According to the refinement of lattice parameters, Mg incorporation of up to 18 mol % occurs for n = 4, independent of film functionality. We discuss the differences between the differently functionalized monolayers and also introduce the hypothesis that two separate routes to Mg calcite formation occur in this system. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP DiMasi, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dimasi@bnl.gov NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2139 EP 2145 DI 10.1021/cg050164x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 984UV UT WOS:000233330700016 ER PT J AU Krishnan, VV AF Krishnan, VV TI Ligand screening by saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy SO CURRENT ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); ligand screening; saturation transfer difference (STD); protein; nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and relaxation ID HIGH-AFFINITY LIGANDS; COMPETITION BINDING EXPERIMENTS; DIFFUSION-EDITED NMR; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; DRUG DISCOVERY; LEAD GENERATION; SPIN DIFFUSION; RNA TARGET; PROTEINS; DESIGN AB NMR based methods to screen for high-affinity ligands have become an indispensable tool for designing rationalized drugs, as these offer a combination of good experimental design of the screening process and data interpretation methods, which together provide unprecedented information on the complex nature of protein-ligand interactions. These methods rely on measuring direct changes in the spectral parameters, that are often simpler than the complex experimental procedures used to study structure and dynamics of proteins. The goal of this review article is to provide the basic details of NMR based ligand-screening methods, with particular focus on the saturation transfer difference (STD) experiment. In addition, we provide an overview of other NMR experimental methods and a practical guide on how to go about designing and implementing them. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate L448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Krishnan, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate L448, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM krish@llnl.gov RI Krishnan, Krish/A-6859-2010 NR 78 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 25 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4110 J9 CURR ANAL CHEM JI Curr. Anal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.2174/157341105774573956 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 011XP UT WOS:000235302400005 ER PT J AU Caparelli, ED AF Caparelli, ED TI Can motion artifacts be completely removed from fMRI-activation maps? SO CURRENT MEDICAL IMAGING REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE fMRI; brain movement; motion detector; motion artifacts; motion correction; spurious activation ID REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY ARTIFACTS; AUTOMATED IMAGE-REGISTRATION; ECHO-PLANAR IMAGES; FUNCTIONAL MRI; HUMAN-BRAIN; TIME-SERIES; REAL-TIME; PHYSIOLOGICAL ARTIFACTS; MUTUAL INFORMATION; NAVIGATOR ECHOES AB Most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are based on the detection of small time-dependent signal variation induced by changes in blood oxygenation during brain activation. However, since this signal change is very small (typically 1-5%; even under optimal conditions and high magnetic field strengths), head motion as small as 1 mm translation or 1 degrees rotation, can also produce spurious activation, if correlated with the stimulus paradigm. Several methods have been proposed to retrospectively (during image post-processing) or prospectively (in real time) correct for motion, however these techniques generally correct only for geometric rigid-body effects. Head motion can also change the magnetic field homogeneity, altering the effective relaxation rates of tissues (R-2*), and producing time-dependent geometrical distortions in fMRI studies. Unfortunately these non-linear motion-related artifacts become worse at high field strengths and cannot be corrected by standard image realignment methods; therefore, the range of motion is restricted for in vivo fMRI studies, especially at high field strengths. Real-time motion monitoring during fMRI can provide highly accurate information on whether subject motion during an fMRI scan was acceptable or excessive, and whether repeat scans with excessive motion are necessary. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Caparelli, ED (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM caparelli@bnl.gov NR 111 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1573-4056 J9 CURR MED IMAGING REV JI Curr. Med. Imaging Rev. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 253 EP 264 DI 10.2174/157340505774574727 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 988YG UT WOS:000233639500005 ER PT J AU Fajardo-Cavazos, P Rebeil, R Nicholson, WL AF Fajardo-Cavazos, P Rebeil, R Nicholson, WL TI Essential cysteine residues in Bacillus subtilis spore photoproduct lyase identified by alanine scanning mutagenesis SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; DNA-REPAIR ENZYME; ANTHRACIS; ENVIRONMENTS; MECHANISMS; RESISTANCE; PROTEINS; CLONING; CEREUS; DAMAGE AB Endospore-forming bacteria (Bacillus and Clostridium spp.) are highly ultraviolet (UV) resistant and repair UV-induced DNA damage in part using the spore-specific DNA repair enzyme spore photoproduct (SP) lyase. SP lyase in all known sporeformers contains four conserved cysteine residues; three absolutely conserved residues are located at the "Radical SAM" consensus (C91xxxC95xxC98), which presumably participates in [4Fe-4S] cluster formation. A fourth conserved cysteine, the function of which is unknown, is located at C141 in SP lyase from all Bacillus spp. sequenced to date. To probe the function of the fourth cysteine, each conserved cysteine in the B. subtilis SP lyase was systematically altered to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. UV-visible spectroscopy of wild-type and mutant SP lyases indicated that C141 does not participate in [4Fe-4S] formation and redox chemistry; however, in vivo SP lyase activity was abolished in all mutants, indicating an essential role for C141 in SP lyase activity. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Space Life Sci Lab, SLSL Kennedy Space Ctr, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Space Life Sci Lab, SLSL Kennedy Space Ctr, Room 201-B,Bldg M6-1025, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM WLN@ufl.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47461] NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00284-005-0052-8 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 980UC UT WOS:000233042700009 PM 16163454 ER PT J AU Hinkebein, TE Price, MK AF Hinkebein, TE Price, MK TI Progress with the desalination and water purification technologies US roadmap SO DESALINATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Desalination and the Environment CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL St Margherita, ITALY SP Int Water Assoc, Int Solar Energy Soc, Int Desalinat Assoc, Amer Water Works Assoc, Water Sci & Technol Assoc AB The worldwide need for fresh sources of drinking water continues to outstrip supply while the resources necessary to develop new supply remain limited. The best solution to this dilemma is the coordination of research efforts on an international basis. The Desalination and Water Purification Roadmap presents a summary of the water supply challenges facing the United States, and suggests areas of research and development that may lead to technological solutions to these challenges. These solutions have international application at the same time that innovation is occurring internationally. This Roadmap is a living document-updates to the Roadmap may be made on a regular basis to ensure that it remains current and relevant. The Roadmap is also complemented by a series of additional documents, created as a result of meetings to be held, focused on: Defining discrete research projects and priorities based on the information contained within this Roadmap; Identifying regulatory issues related to the implementation of desalination and water purification technologies, and developing potential solutions where conflicts are found; Identifying, evaluating, and quantifying the impaired water resources to better assess the impact that desalination and water purification technologies may have on water supplies; Generating plans to accelerate the commercialization of desalination and water purification technologies developed as a result of this Roadmap. This Roadmap cannot exist in a vacuum-technology development must be undertaken with the context of the product's end-use in mind. The goal of this process is to: Develop a consensus and direction to guide investments for the creation of new water purification technologies; Identify the roles that various sectors of the economy (e.g., national government agencies, the private sector, educational and non-profit organizations) can play in the creation of new water purification technologies; and Develop an expert group to review alternative water purification technologies. Toward these ends, we are now joined by a number of national and international organizations, each of which is contributing its own resources to a common end. This end includes assistance in developing novel water treatment technologies as well as improving and sharpening the roadmap itself. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US Dept Interior, Bur Reclamat, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Hinkebein, TE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tehinke@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-9164 J9 DESALINATION JI Desalination PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 182 IS 1-3 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.desal.2005.03.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 986ZO UT WOS:000233488400003 ER PT J AU Zander, M AF Zander, M TI Functional programming in java SO DR DOBBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zander, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM zander@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MILLER FREEMAN, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 600 HARRISON ST,, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1044-789X J9 DR DOBBS J JI Dr. Dobbs J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 30 IS 11 BP 60 EP 63 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 971CI UT WOS:000232358300013 ER PT J AU Plaza, G Nalecz-Jawecki, G Ulfig, K Brigmon, RL AF Plaza, G Nalecz-Jawecki, G Ulfig, K Brigmon, RL TI Assessment of genotoxic activity of petroleum hydrocarbon-bioremediated soil SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE genotoxicity; petroleum hydrocarbons; bioremediation; biopile; PAHs ID AMES TEST; SOS CHROMOTEST; CARCINOGENICITY; TOXICITY AB The relationship between toxicity and soil contamination must be understood to develop reliable indicators of environmental restoration for bioremediation. Two bacterial rapid bioassays, SOS chromotest and the umu test with and without metabolic activation (S-9 mixture), were used to evaluate the genotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil following bioremediation treatment. The soil was taken from an engineered biopile at the Czechowice-Dziedzice Polish oil refinery (CZOR). The bioremediation process in the biopile lasted 4 years, and the toxicity measurements were done after this treatment. Carcinogens detected in the soil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were reduced to low concentrations (2 mg/kg dry wt) by the bioremediation process. Genotoxicity was not observed for soils tested with and without metabolic activation by a liver homogenate (S-9 mixture). However, the umu test was more sensitive than the SOS chromotest in the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon-bioremediated soil. Analytical results of soil used in the bioassays confirmed that the bioremediation process reduced 81% of the petroleum hydrocarbons including PAHs. We conclude that the combined test systems employed in this study are useful tools for the genotoxic examination of remediated petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ecol Ind Areas, PL-40844 Katowice, Poland. Med Univ Warszawa, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, PL-02097 Warsaw, Poland. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Plaza, G (reprint author), Inst Ecol Ind Areas, Kossutha 6 St, PL-40844 Katowice, Poland. EM pla@ietu.katowice.pl OI Nalecz-Jawecki, Grzegorz/0000-0003-4945-3687 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.10.014 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 979RE UT WOS:000232961700013 PM 16216636 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Riechers, SL Mellen, MC Lin, YH AF Liu, GD Riechers, SL Mellen, MC Lin, YH TI Sensitive electrochemical detection of enzymatically generated thiocholine at carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE-EPOXY BIOCOMPOSITE; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS; COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE; PASTE ELECTRODE; SENSOR; CHOLINESTERASE; THIOLS AB A carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon (CNT/GC) electrode was used for enhancing the sensitivity of electrochemical measurements of enzymatically generated thiocholine. Cyclic voltammetric and amperometric characteristics of thiocholine at CNT/GC, glassy carbon, carbon paste and gold electrodes were compared. The CNT layer leads to a greatly improved anodic detection of enzymatically generated thiocholine product including lower oxidation overpotential (0.15 V) and higher sensitivity because of electrocatalytic activity of edge-plane-like graphite site at the CNT ends, fast electron transfer and big working surface area. The sensor performance was optimized with respect to the operating conditions. Under the optimal batch conditions, a detection limit of 5 x 10(-6) mol/L was obtained with a good precision (RSD = 5.2%, n = 10). Furthermore, the attractive response of thiocholine on CNT/GC electrode has allowed it to be used for constant-potential flow injection analysis. The detection limit was greatly improved to 3 x 10(-7) mol/L. The high sensitive electrochemical detection of enzymatically generated thiocholine with CNT sensing platform holds great promise to prepare acetylcholinesterase biosensor for monitoring organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battele Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Riechers, Shawn/0000-0002-5713-5534 NR 36 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1163 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.08.025 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 980EB UT WOS:000232995700016 ER PT J AU Yantasee, W Deibler, LA Fryxell, GE Timchalk, C Lin, YH AF Yantasee, W Deibler, LA Fryxell, GE Timchalk, C Lin, YH TI Screen-printed electrodes modified with functionalized mesoporous silica for voltammetric analysis of toxic metal ions SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE screen-printed carbon electrode; lead; mercury-free; adsorptive stripping voltammetry ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; TRACE DETERMINATION; MERCURY-FREE; STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; CARBON ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS; LEAD; BEHAVIOR; SUPPORTS; DESIGN AB Mercury-free sensors for lead (Pb2+) assay based on chemical modification of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) with acetamide phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous silica (Ac-Phos SAMMS) have been developed. The analysis of Pb using SPCEs-based adsorptive stripping voltarnmetry (AdSV) includes two steps. Pb2+ ions are firstly adsorbed on electrode surface in a Pb2+ solution (15 ml) during a preconcentration step, followed by a measurement step using one drop of acidic solution (50 mu l) as medium for stripping voltammetry. The preconcentration of Pb2+ at SAMMS-based sensors utilize the binding affinity of the acetamide phosphonic acid and Pb2+ which can be accomplished at open circuit potential without electrolyte and solution degassing. Due to the strong covalent bonding of the functional groups on mesoporous silica, the SAMMS-based sensors with a built-in three electrode system can be reused for tens of measurements with minimal degradation, enabling the establishment of the calibration curve and lowering the costs. Linear calibration curve was found in the range of 0 to at least 100 ppb Pb2+ after 5 min of preconcentration. The detection limit was calculated from 3S/N to be 0.91 ppb of Pb2+. Reproducibilty (%RSD) was found to be 5% for a single sensor (six measurements) and 10% for five sensors. The reproducibility can be improved through the precision of manufacturing of the sensors, in which SAMMS modification can be done in situ, increasing the user-friendliness of the sensors. Cadmium, lead, and copper can also be detected simultaneously at the SAMMS modified screen-printed sensors. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battele Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yuehe.Lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Deibler, Lisa/G-3429-2013 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Deibler, Lisa/0000-0003-2012-0053 NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1170 EP 1176 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.08.018 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 980EB UT WOS:000232995700017 ER PT J AU Sluszny, C He, Y Yeung, ES AF Sluszny, C He, Y Yeung, ES TI Light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection of native proteins in capillary electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; native fluorescence; proteins; UV light-emitting diode ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ABSORBENCY; CELL AB A continuous-wave 280 nm light-emitting diode (LED) was used as the excitation source for native fluorescence detection of proteins in CE. The operating current and temperature of the LED were optimized in order to achieve high luminescence power. It was found that a forward current of 30 mA and a temperature of approximately 5 degrees C gave the best S/N. By using a set of two ball lenses to focus light from the LED, we achieved a spot of approximately 200 pm with a powerof 0.1-0.2 mW on the detection window. Fluorescence was collected with a ball lens at 90 degrees angle through a bandpass filter onto a photomultiplier tube. In CZE an LOD of 20 nm for conalbumin was reached. In capillary gel electrophoresis all eight proteins from a commercial standard kit were detected with high S/N. For a 10 mu g/mL total protein mixture, S/N was better than 3 for all proteins in solution. Further improvement in LOD should be possible on utilization of an LED with higher luminescence power. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA USA. RP Yeung, ES (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, 1161 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yeung@ameslab.gov NR 19 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD NOV PY 2005 VL 26 IS 21 BP 4197 EP 4203 DI 10.1002/elps.200500348 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 983GO UT WOS:000233219700023 PM 16252334 ER PT J AU Day, D Evans, RJ Lee, JW Reicosky, D AF Day, D Evans, RJ Lee, JW Reicosky, D TI Economical CO(2), SO(x), and NO(x) capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Energy Workshop CY JUN 24-26, 2003 CL Laxenburg, AUSTRIA ID CHARCOAL AB The objective of this project was to investigate and demonstrate production methods at a continuous, bench-scale level and generate sufficient material for an initial evaluation of a potentially profitable method of producing bioenergy and sequestering carbon. The novel process uses agricultural, forestry, and waste biomass to produce hydrogen using pyrolysis and reforming technologies conducted in a 50 kg/h pilot demonstration. The test runs produced a novel, nitrogen-enriched, slow-release, carbon-sequestering fertilizer. Seven kilograms of the material were produced for further plant growth response testing. A pyrolysis temperature profile was discovered that results in a carbon char with an affinity for capturing CO(2) through gas phase reaction with mixed nitrogen-carrying nutrient compounds within the pore structures of the carbon char. A bench-scale project demonstrated a continuous process fluidized-bed agglomerating process. The total amount of CO(2) sequestration was managed by controlling particle discharge rates based on density. The patent-pending process is particularly applicable to fossil-fuel power plants as it also removes SO(x) and NO(x), does not require energy-intensive carbon dioxide separation and operates at ambient temperature and pressure. The method of sequestration uses existing farm fertilizer distribution infrastructure to deliver a carbon that is highly resistant to microbiological decomposition. The physical structure of carbon material provides a framework for building an NPK fertilizer inside the pore structure and creating a physical slow-release mechanism of these nutrients. The complete process produces three times as much hydrogen as it consumes making it a net energy producer for the affiliated power plant. See http://www.eprida.com/hydro. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Epirda Inc, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Day, D (reprint author), Epirda Inc, 6300 Powers Ferry Rd,Suite 307, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. EM danny.day@eprida.com NR 34 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD NOV PY 2005 VL 30 IS 14 BP 2558 EP 2579 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.07.016 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 952CV UT WOS:000230980500004 ER PT J AU Tseng, P Lee, J Friley, P AF Tseng, P Lee, J Friley, P TI A hydrogen economy: opportunities and challenges SO ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Energy Workshop CY JUN 24-26, 2003 CL Laxenburg, AUSTRIA AB A hydrogen economy, the long-term goal of many nations, can potentially confer energy security, along with environmental and economic benefits. However, the transition from a conventional petroleum-based energy system to a hydrogen economy involves many uncertainties, such as the development of efficient fuel-cell technologies, problems in hydrogen production and its distribution infrastructure, and the response of petroleum markets. This study uses the US MARKAL model to simulate the impacts of hydrogen technologies on the US energy system and to identify potential impediments to a successful transition. Preliminary findings highlight possible market barriers facing the hydrogen economy, as well as opportunities in new R&D and product markets for bioproducts. Quantitative analysis also offers insights on policy options for promoting hydrogen technologies. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tseng, P (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM phillip.tseng@eia.doe.gov NR 13 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD NOV PY 2005 VL 30 IS 14 BP 2703 EP 2720 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2004.07.015 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 952CV UT WOS:000230980500012 ER PT J AU Sams, WN Bromhal, G Jikich, S Ertekin, T Smith, DH AF Sams, WN Bromhal, G Jikich, S Ertekin, T Smith, DH TI Field-project designs for carbon dioxide sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane production SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID PERMEABILITY AB Worldwide concerns about global warming and possible contributions to it from anthropogenic carbon dioxide have become important during the past several years. Coal seams may make excellent candidates for CO2 sequestration; coal-seam sequestration could enhance methane production and improve sequestration economics. Reservoir-simulation computations are an important component of any engineering design before carbon dioxide is injected underground. We have performed such simulations for a hypothetical pilot-scale project in representative coal seams. In these simulations we assume four horizontal production wells that form a square, that is, two wells drilled at right angles to each other forming two sides of a square, with another pair of horizontal wells similarly drilled to form the other two sides. Four shorter horizontal wells are drilled from a vertical well at the center of the square, forming two straight lines orthogonal to each other. By modifying coal properties, especially sorption rate, we have approximated different types of coals. By varying operational parameters, such as injector length, injection well pressure, time to injection, and production well pressure, we can evaluate different production schemes to determine an optimum for each coal type. Amy optimization requires considering a tradeoff between total CO2 sequestered and the rate of methane production. Values of total CO2 sequestered and methane produced are presented for multiple coal types and different operational designs. C1 EG&G Tech Serv, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. United States Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Jikich, S (reprint author), EG&G Tech Serv, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM sjikic@netl.doe.gov NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 19 IS 6 BP 2287 EP 2297 DI 10.1021/ef049667n PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 985ZW UT WOS:000233419100012 ER PT J AU Xie, D Waas, AM Shahwan, KW Schroeder, JA Boeman, RG AF Xie, D Waas, AM Shahwan, KW Schroeder, JA Boeman, RG TI Fracture criterion for kinking cracks in a tri-material adhesively bonded joint under mixed mode loading SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE fracture criteria; adhesive bonded joints; mixed mode loading; crack kinking; fracture envelope; virtual crack closure technique ID POLYMER-MATRIX COMPOSITE; ENERGY-RELEASE RATES; FAILURE; SPECIMENS; INTERFACE; STRESS AB ,The fracture behavior of a composite/adhesive/steel bonded joint was investigated by using double cantilever beam specimens. A starter crack is embedded at the steel/adhesive interface by inserting Teflon tape. The composite adherend is a random carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin composite while the other adherend is cold rolled steel. The adhesive is a one-part epoxy that is heat cured. The Fernlund-Spelt mixed mode loading fixture was employed to generate five different mode mixities. Due to the dissimilar adherends, crack turning into the adhesive (or crack kinking) associated with joint failure, was observed. The bulk fracture toughness of the adhesive was measured separately by using standard compact tension specimens. The strain energy release rates for kinking cracks at the critical loads were calculated by a commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS in conjunction with the virtual crack closure technique. Two fracture criteria related to strain energy release rates were examined. These are (1) maximum energy release rate criterion (G(max)) and, (2) mode I facture criterion (G(II) = 0). They are shown to be equivalent in this study. That is, crack kinking takes place at the angle close to maximum G or G(I) (also minimum G(II), with a value that is approximately zero). The average value of G(IC) obtained from bulk adhesive tests using compact tension specimens is shown to be an accurate indicator of the mode I fracture toughness of the kinking cracks within the adhesive layer. It is concluded that the crack in tri-material adhesively bonded joint tends to initiate into the adhesive along a path that promotes failure in pure mode I, locally. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Adv Composite Struct Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. DaimlerChrysler Corp, Sci Labs, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. GM Corp, Ctr Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Waas, AM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Adv Composite Struct Lab, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dcw@umich.edu NR 32 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 72 IS 16 BP 2487 EP 2504 DI 10.1016/j.engtacmech.2005.03.008 PG 18 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 971VA UT WOS:000232411700004 ER PT J AU Lichtfouse, E Lichtfouse, M Kashgarian, M Bol, R AF Lichtfouse, Eric Lichtfouse, Michel Kashgarian, Michaele Bol, Roland TI C-14 of grasses as an indicator of fossil fuel CO2 pollution SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CO2; C-14; fossil fuel pollution; grass; climate change ID CARBON; PHOENIX; DOME; USA AB Measuring the amount of fossil fuel carbon stored in the vegetation is now crucial to understand the mechanisms ruling climate changes. In this respect, highly polluted areas such as major towns represent "natural" laboratories because fossil fuel CO2 (C-14-free) is isotopically distinct from mean atmospheric CO2 (C-14-labeled). Here, a C-14 study of urban grasses near a major highway in Paris, France, shows that plants store up to 13% of fossil fuel carbon. The C-14 composition of urban grasses is thus a novel parameter to assess the fossil fuel CO2 pollution. C1 INRA, CMSE, F-21000 Dijon, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. IGER N Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SR, Devon, England. RP Lichtfouse, E (reprint author), INRA, CMSE, 17 Rue Sully, F-21000 Dijon, France. EM Eric.Lichtfouse@epoisses.inra.fr RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011; Lichtfouse, Eric/F-4759-2011; bol, roland/H-9324-2013 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418; Lichtfouse, Eric/0000-0002-8535-8073; NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1610-3653 J9 ENVIRON CHEM LETT JI Environ. Chem. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2 BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10311-005-0100-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 064UJ UT WOS:000239114300007 ER PT J AU Johnston, RB Corley, R Cowan, L Utiger, RD AF Johnston, RB Corley, R Cowan, L Utiger, RD TI The NAS perchlorate review: Adverse effects? SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Utiger, RD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM rutiger@partners.org NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 113 IS 11 BP A728 EP A729 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 979BI UT WOS:000232916700006 PM 16276624 ER PT J AU Johnson, VG Peterson, RE Olsen, KB AF Johnson, VG Peterson, RE Olsen, KB TI Heavy metal transport and behavior in the lower Columbia River, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE sediments; Columbia River; heavy metal transport and behavior ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEDIMENTS; INVENTORIES; WASHINGTON; CS-137 AB The primary objective of this study was to evaluate temporal changes in heavy metal content of lower Columbia River sediment following terminated or reduced soluble heavy metal loading from the world's largest lead-zinc refinery and mining districts in the USA and Canada. Sediment cores were collected from two fine sediment depositional sites (similar to 600 km downstream) in August 1999 and were analyzed for total metal content, texture, and age/dating parameters. Zinc, cadmium and lead contents in 1999 declined by only a factor of two over their depth profile maxima (dated as between 1970 and 1980). In sharp contrast, more than a 10-fold decrease in dissolved metal loading occurred during this same period. Zinc in filtered Columbia River water at downstream locations also declined by > 10-fold, consistent with the reduced upper river solute-metal loading. Once soluble metal releases are reduced or terminated, the solute half-time in Columbia River water is months versus similar to 20 yr for adsorbed metals on surficial (or resuspended) bed sediments. The much slower rate of decline for sediment, as compared to the solute phase, is attributed to resuspension, transport and redeposition of irreversibly bound metals from upstream sedimentary deposits. This implies downstream exposure of benthic or particle-ingesting biota can continue for years following source remediation and/or termination of soluble metal releases. Accordingly, contaminant contents of both particulate and solute phases of river water, as well as sediment core sections, are suggested for assessing long-term biotic exposure/response to mitigation activities in the Columbia River and similar fluvial ecosystems. C1 Fluor Hanford Co, MSIN E6 35, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, MSIN, Richland, WA USA. RP Johnson, VG (reprint author), Fluor Hanford Co, MSIN E6 35, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vernon_g_johnson@rl.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 110 IS 1-3 BP 271 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s10661-005-8067-y PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 987PE UT WOS:000233529000017 PM 16308792 ER PT J AU Toner, B Manceau, A Marcus, MA Millet, DB Sposito, G AF Toner, B Manceau, A Marcus, MA Millet, DB Sposito, G TI Zinc sorption by a bacterial biofilm SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL; METAL ADSORPTION; EXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; MICROBIAL BIOFILMS; CD ADSORPTION; CELL-WALLS; CADMIUM; ZN; PH AB Microbial biofilms are present in soils, sediments, and natural waters. They contain bioorganic metal-complexing functional groups and are thought to play an important role in metal cycling in natural and contaminated environments. In this study, the metal-complexing functional groups present within a suspension of bacterial cell aggregates embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were identified in Zn adsorption experiments conducted at pH 6.9 with the freshwater and soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. The adsorption data were fit with the van Bemmelen-Freundlich model. The molecular speciation of Zn within the biofilm was examined with Zn K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The Zn EXAFS data were analyzed by shell-by-shell fitting and linear least-squares fitting with reference spectra. Zinc sorption to the biofilm was attributed to predominantly Zn-phosphoryl (85 +/- 10 mol %) complexes, with a smaller contribution to sorption from carboxyl-type complexes (23 +/- 10 mol %). The results of this study spectroscopically confirm the importance of phosphoryl functional groups in Zn sorption by a bacterial biofilm at neutral pH. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Div Ecosyst Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ J Fourier, Environm Geochem Grp, LGIT, F-38041 Grenoble, France. CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Toner, B (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM btoner@whoi.edu RI Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012 NR 43 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 21 BP 8288 EP 8294 DI 10.1021/es050528+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981HJ UT WOS:000233078000032 PM 16294865 ER PT J AU Perlinger, JA Tobias, DE Morrow, PS Doskey, PV AF Perlinger, JA Tobias, DE Morrow, PS Doskey, PV TI Evaluation of novel techniques for measurement of air-water exchange of persistent bioaccumulative toxicants in Lake Superior SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EDDY-ACCUMULATION; DIFFUSION DENUDER; FLUXES; SEA; DEPOSITION; CHEMICALS; SAMPLER AB We report initial measurements of concentrations and net air-water exchange fluxes of target persistent bioaccumulative toxicants (PBTs) in Lake Superior utilizing techniques not previously applied for this purpose. Gaseous PBTs are collected in diffusion denuders containing sections of commercial chromatography columns and subsequently thermally extracted into the cooled injection inlet of a high-resolution gas chromatograph. The PBT sampling/analytical methods enable accurate determination of gas-phase PBT concentration and micrometeorological measurement of fluxes to be carried out. PBT fluxes are measured by the modified Bowen ratio technique in which sensible heat flux is related to PBT flux, with the assumption of identical transfer velocities of heat and PBTs between two heights in the atmospheric surface layer. Micrometeorological measurement of flux accounts for all sources of resistance to mass transfer, including atmospheric stability effects, surface films, waves, sea spray, and bubbles. The sensible heat flux, PBT concentration, and PBT flux measurements carried out in 14 2- or 3-h periods during seven sampling events in Lake Superior in summer and fall 2002 and spring 2003 demonstrate advantages under the constraints of the techniques. The uncertainty of the flux measurements was typically in the range from 1% to 160%. Gaseous concentrations of cc-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) over Lake Superior were in the range from 6 to 170 and 12-95 pg/m(3), respectively. Fluxes out of Lake Superior were measurable in 75% of the cases in which a concentration gradient was measured, and were in the range from -0.17 to +0.064 ng/m(2)center dot h for alpha-HCH and from -0.60 to -0.093 ng/m(2)center dot h for HCB. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Perlinger, JA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM jperl@mtu.edu NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 21 BP 8411 EP 8419 DI 10.1021/es050899q PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981HJ UT WOS:000233078000048 PM 16294881 ER PT J AU Luo, J Cirpka, OA Wu, WM Fienen, MN Jardine, PM Mehlhorn, TL Watson, DB Criddle, CS Kitanidis, PK AF Luo, J Cirpka, OA Wu, WM Fienen, MN Jardine, PM Mehlhorn, TL Watson, DB Criddle, CS Kitanidis, PK TI Mass-transfer limitations for nitrate removal in a uranium-contaminated aquifer SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; REDUCTION; DENITRIFICATION; BIOREMEDIATION; DIFFUSION; POROSITY; SOLUTES; WATER; TERM AB A field test on in situ subsurface bioremediation of uranium(VI) is underway at the Y-12 National Security Complex in the Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, TN. Nitrate has a high concentration at the site, which prevents 00 reduction, and thus must be removed. An acidic-flush strategy for nitrate removal was proposed to create a treatment zone with low levels of accessible nitrate. The subsurface at the site contains highly interconnected fractures surrounded by matrix blocks of low permeability and high porosity and is therefore subject to preferential flow and matrix diffusion. To identify the heterogeneous mass transfer properties, we performed a novel forced-gradient tracer test, which involved the addition of bromide, the displacement of nitrate, and the rebound of nitrate after completion of pumping. The simplest conceptualization consistent with the data is that the pore-space consists of a single mobile domain, as well as a fast and a slowly reacting immobile domain. The slowly reacting immobile domain (shale matrix) constitutes over 80% of the pore volume and acts as a long-term reservoir of nitrate. According to simulations, the nitrate stored in the slowly interacting immobile domain in the fast flow layer, at depths of about 12.2-13.7 m, will be reduced by an order of magnitude over a period of about a year. By contrast, the mobile domain rapidly responds to flushing, and a low average nitrate concentration can be maintained if the nitrate is removed as soon as it enters the mobile domain. A fieldscale experiment in which the aquifer was flushed with acidic solution confirmed our understanding of the system. For the ongoing experiments on microbial U(VI) reduction, nitrate concentrations must be low in the mobile domain to ensure U(VI) reducing conditions. We therefore conclude that the nitrate leaching out of the immobile pore space must continuously be removed by in situ denitrification to maintain favorable conditions. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, EAWAG, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jianluo@stanford.edu RI Fienen, Michael/D-2479-2009; Cirpka, Olaf/C-7178-2008; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Fienen, Michael/0000-0002-7756-4651; Cirpka, Olaf/0000-0003-3509-4118; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 21 BP 8453 EP 8459 DI 10.1021/es050195g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 981HJ UT WOS:000233078000054 PM 16294887 ER PT J AU Karanfil, T Moro, EC Serkiz, SM AF Karanfil, T Moro, EC Serkiz, SM TI Development and testing of a silver chloride-impregnated activated carbon for aqueous removal and sequestration of iodide SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hazardous waste; water treatment; adsorption; surface modification AB Silver impregnated activated carbon (SIAC) can effectively remove iodide from water and sequester it in the form of Agl((s)), Given the extremely insoluble nature of AgI(s), the spent SIAC can be safely disposed of in land burial facilities. However, when the molar ratio of silver to iodide is greater than one, which is typical for waters contaminated with iodide, unreacted silver on the SIAC leached into solution with decreasing pH. To minimize silver leaching, a silver chloride impregnated activated carbon (SIAC-Cl) was produced from a SIAC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-Rav Diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the presence of silver chloride on the SIAC-Cl. Batch isotherm experiments conducted at pH 5, 7 and 8 showed that the iodide uptakes of SIAC-Cl and SIAC were similar and independent of pH. SEM/EDX and XRD analyses after reaction with iodide indicated that chloride was exchanged with iodide to form AgI(s), on the SIAC-Cl. Batch leaching experiments demonstrated that leaching of silver from SIAC-Cl under acidic conditions was significantly lower than from SIAC. The performance of SIAC and SIAC-Cl for practical applications was evaluated by conducting column experiments using a radioactively contaminated groundwater that included 129I. STAC and SIAC-Cl showed similar degrees of iodide uptake. However, a significant degree of silver leaching, about 50% of the total silver, occurred from the SIAC during the course of the column experiments, whereas silver leaching from SIAC-Cl was remarkably low (only 6% of the total silver). SIAC-Cl appears to be a suitable getter material to remove and sequester iodide from contaminated waste streams. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, LG Rich Environm Res Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Karanfil, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, LG Rich Environm Res Lab, Box 340919, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Karanfil, Tanju/D-5323-2009 OI Karanfil, Tanju/0000-0003-0986-5628 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU SELPER LTD, PUBLICATIONS DIV PI LONDON PA 79 RUSTHALL AVENUE, LONDON W4 1BN, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1255 EP 1262 DI 10.1080/09593332608618595 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 998XD UT WOS:000234352300006 PM 16335600 ER PT J AU Van Nostrand, JD Sowder, AG Bertsch, PM Morris, PJ AF Van Nostrand, JD Sowder, AG Bertsch, PM Morris, PJ TI Effect of pH on the toxicity of nickel and other divalent metals to Burkholderia cepacia Pr1(301) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ralstonia metallidurans CH34; Ralstonia metallidurans 31A; metal resistance; metal tolerance; Burkholderia cepacia PR1(301) ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS CH34; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; HEAVY-METALS; BACTERIAL SURFACES; RESISTANT BACTERIA; CADMIUM RESISTANCE; XYLOSOXIDANS 31A; PSEUDOMONAS; ADSORPTION; BIODEGRADATION AB Nickel (Ni) is a common cocontaminant at many waste sites where the soils and sediments often are acidic, thereby influencing metal availability. Growth of Burkholderia cepacia PR1(301) was not affected at 3.41 mM Ni at pH 5, but was inhibited by 73.2% at pH 6 and inhibited completely at pH 7 compared to growth without Ni. This pH effect was not observed in the Ni-resistant strains, Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 and 31 A. Predicted Ni speciation did not explain the observed toxicity trends. Sorption of Ni to PR1 increased with increasing pH (1.49, 1.12, and 3.88 mg Ni/g dry weight at pH 5, 6, and 7, respectively), but was low at all three pH values, and most likely does not explain the observed pH effect. Growth inhibition of PR1 with increasing pH also was observed for other divalent cations, with growth observed at 4.24 mM Co, 2.22 mM Cd, and 3.82 mM Zn at pH 5 and 6, but totally inhibited at pH 7. These studies suggest that, at circumneutral pH, PR1 would be considered sensitive to Ni and other divalent cations, in spite of the ability to grow in higher concentrations at lower pH values. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Morris, PJ (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM morrisp@musc.edu RI Van Nostrand, Joy/F-1740-2016 OI Van Nostrand, Joy/0000-0001-9548-6450 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2742 EP 2750 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 974WJ UT WOS:000232621800005 PM 16398108 ER PT J AU Jager, HI Efroymson, RA Sublette, KL Ashwood, TL AF Jager, HI Efroymson, RA Sublette, KL Ashwood, TL TI Unnatural landscapes in ecology: generating the spatial distribution of brine spills SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE brine spill; process water; petroleum; stochastic spill model; risk assessment; gamma distribution; Poisson distribution ID DYNAMICS AB Quantitative tools are needed to evaluate the ecological effects of increasing petroleum production. In this article, we describe two stochastic models for simulating the spatial distribution of brine spills on a landscape. One model uses general assumptions about the spatial arrangement of spills and their sizes; the second model distributes spills by siting rectangular well complexes and conditioning spill probabilities on the configuration of pipes. We present maps of landscapes with spills produced by the two methods and compare the ability of the models to reproduce a specified spill area. A strength of the models presented here is their ability to extrapolate from the existing landscape to simulate landscapes with a higher (or lower) density of oil wells. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. RP Jager, HI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jagerhi@ornl.gov OI Jager, Henriette/0000-0003-4253-533X; Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 7 BP 687 EP 698 DI 10.1002/env.730 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 975SW UT WOS:000232683200002 ER PT J AU Bolaric, S Barth, S Melchinger, AE Posselt, UK AF Bolaric, S Barth, S Melchinger, AE Posselt, UK TI Molecular characterization of genetic diversity in European germplasm of perennial ryegrass SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE AMOVA; diversity; ecotypes; genetic distance; Lolium perenne L.; RAPD marker ID LOLIUM-PERENNE; CULTIVARS; MARKERS; L. AB Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most important grass species for temperate grassland agriculture. The level and distribution of genetic variation in gene bank ecotype collections is still largely unknown but of great interest for the planning of breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the molecular diversity of Polish ecotypes of perennial ryegrass, and (ii) compare the relationship between this group and German ecotypes and European cultivars investigated previously. A total number of 166 polymorphic marker bands were detected among the 171 individual plants of the 9 Polish ecotypes. In a joint analysis with 9 Polish and 22 German ecotypes, and 22 European cultivars 172 polymorphic RAPD markers could be found. Genetic distance among the Polish ecotypes ranged from 0.31 to 0.51, while for all 53 populations a broader range was detected (0.25-0.67). An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a much larger variation within populations (71%) than among them (29%). The Polish ecotypes contained the highest within population variation (74%). The largest among group difference (15%) was found between the Polish ecotypes versus all other accessions. We conclude that the Polish ecotypes represent a valuable genetic resource for enlarging the genetic variation in the West European germplasm pool of perennial ryegrass. C1 Univ Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Inst, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Populat Genet & Seed Sci, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Posselt, UK (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Inst, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EM posselt@uni-hohenheim.de RI Barth, Susanne/P-3366-2014 OI Barth, Susanne/0000-0002-4104-5964 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2005 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10681-005-4439-1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 988XE UT WOS:000233634000005 ER PT J AU Saito, K Kouno, H Tsushima, K Thomas, A AF Saito, K Kouno, H Tsushima, K Thomas, A TI Two-scale scalar mesons in nuclei SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC QUARK-MODEL; CHIRAL FIELD-THEORY; FINITE NUCLEI; COUPLING MODEL; HADRON MASSES; BOUND-STATES; MATTER; APPROXIMATION; DENSITY; CA-40 AB We generalize the linear sigma model in order to develop a chiral-invariant model of the nuclear structure. The model is natural, and contains not only the usual sigma-meson which is the chiral partner of the pion but also a new chiral singlet that is responsible for the medium-range nucleon-nucleon attraction. This approach provides significant advantages in terms of its description of nuclear matter and finite nuclei in comparison with conventional models based on the linear sigma model. C1 Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. Saga Univ, Dept Phys, Saga 8408502, Japan. Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Div Phys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Saito, K (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. EM ksaito@ph.noda-tus.ac.jp RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1140/epja/i2005-10170-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 995PS UT WOS:000234116900002 ER PT J AU Eeckhaudt, S Greenlees, PT Amzal, N Bastin, JE Bouchez, E Butler, PA Chatillon, A Eskola, K Gerl, J Grahn, T Gorgen, A Herzberg, RD Hessberger, FP Hurstel, A Ikin, PJC Jones, GD Jones, P Julin, R Juutinen, S Kettunen, H Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Nieminen, P Pakarinen, J Perkowski, J Pritchard, A Reiter, P Rahkila, P Scholey, C Theisen, C Uusitalo, J Van de Vel, K Wilson, J AF Eeckhaudt, S Greenlees, PT Amzal, N Bastin, JE Bouchez, E Butler, PA Chatillon, A Eskola, K Gerl, J Grahn, T Gorgen, A Herzberg, RD Hessberger, FP Hurstel, A Ikin, PJC Jones, GD Jones, P Julin, R Juutinen, S Kettunen, H Khoo, TL Korten, W Kuusiniemi, P Le Coz, Y Leino, M Leppanen, AP Nieminen, P Pakarinen, J Perkowski, J Pritchard, A Reiter, P Rahkila, P Scholey, C Theisen, C Uusitalo, J Van de Vel, K Wilson, J TI Evidence for non-yrast states in No-254 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID FILLED RECOIL SEPARATOR; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DECAY; IN-BEAM; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; DEFORMED NUCLEI; MEAN-FIELD; SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTS; FISSION; SPECTROMETER AB Evidence for the decay of non-yrast states in No-234 has been observed for the first time in an experiment performed at the University of Jyvaskyla. The experiment employed the JUROGAM array of germanium detectors coupled to the gas-filled recoil separator RITU and the focal-plane spectrometer GREAT. The ground-state rotational band has been tentatively extended up to a spin of 24h and has a smoothly behaving dynamical moment of inertia. It is speculated that the observation of high-energy gamma-rays is due to the decay of a K = 3 band-head state. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, Saclay, France. CERN, ISOLDE, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Cologne, IKP, Cologne, Germany. RP Eeckhaudt, S (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM sarah.eeckhaudt@phys.jyu.fi RI Gerl, Juergen/A-3255-2011; Pakarinen, Janne/F-6695-2010; Herzberg, Rolf-Dietmar/E-1558-2011; KORTEN, Wolfram/H-3043-2013; Scholey, Catherine/G-2720-2014; THEISEN, Christophe/A-9343-2015; OI Pakarinen, Janne/0000-0001-8944-8757; Scholey, Catherine/0000-0002-8743-6071; THEISEN, Christophe/0000-0002-8509-1022; KORTEN, Wolfram/0000-0002-3940-0816; BASTIN, Beyhan/0000-0001-5959-0875; Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941; Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 39 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1140/epja/i2005-10163-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 995PS UT WOS:000234116900009 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, T Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonioli, P Bari, C Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, C Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, OM Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Wang, M Wlasenko, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Szuba, D Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Drews, G Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Stadie, H Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J McKenzie, JH Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Fry, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Plamondon, M Robichaud-Veronneau, A Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Carfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, N Kagawa, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, A Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, A Fourletov, S Martin, JF Butterworth, JA Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, T Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonioli, P Bari, C Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, C Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, OM Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Wang, M Wlasenko, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Gil, M Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Szuba, D Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Drews, G Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Stadie, H Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, F Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Ferrando, J McKenzie, JH Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Fry, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Terron, J Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Plamondon, M Robichaud-Veronneau, A Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Rubinsky, I Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Korcsak-Gorzo, K Patel, S Roberfroid, V Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Carfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, N Kagawa, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, A Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, A Fourletov, S Martin, JF Butterworth, JA Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Brownson, E Danielson, T Everett, A Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of charm fragmentation ratios and fractions in photoproduction at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; LUND MONTE-CARLO; JET FRAGMENTATION; HADRON-PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; EP-COLLISIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; E+E-PHYSICS AB The production of D*+, D-0, D+, D-s(+) and Lambda(+)(c) charm hadrons and their antiparticles in ep scattering at HERA was measured with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 79 pb(-1). The measurement has been performed in the photoproduction regime with the exchanged-photon virtuality Q(2) < 1 GeV2 and for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies in the range 130 < W < 300 GeV. The charm hadrons were reconstructed in the range of transverse momentum PT (D, A,) > 3.8 GeV and pseudorapidity vertical bar eta(D, Lambda(c))vertical bar < 1.6. The production cross sections were used to determine the ratio of neutral and charged D-meson production rates, R-u/d, the strangeness-suppression factor, gamma(s), and the fraction of charged D mesons produced in a vector state, P-v(d). The measured R-u/d and gamma(s), values agree with those obtained in deep inelastic scattering and in e(+)e(-) annihilations. The measured P-v(d) value is smaller than, but consistent with, the previous measurements. The fractions of c quarks hadronising as a particular charm hadron, f(c -> D, Lambda(c)), were derived in the given kinematic range. The measured open-charm fragmentation fractions are consistent with previous results, although the measured f(c -> D*+) is smaller and f (c -> Lambda(+)(c)) is larger than those obtained in e(+)e(-) annihilations. These results generally support the hypothesis that fragmentation proceeds independently of the hard sub-process. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Sci & Technol, AGH, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Phys Expt, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. KEK, Inst Nucl & Particle Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Nucl Phys, Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622 NR 50 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 351 EP 366 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2005-20397-3 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 014LO UT WOS:000235481900004 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S AF Chekanov, S TI Pentaquarks in high-energy colliding experiments: perspectives from HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; LEADING PROTON; POSITIVE-STRANGENESS; NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; BARYON STATE; COLLISIONS; SEARCH; PHOTOPRODUCTION; RESONANCE AB Several issues related to pentaquark searches relevant for current and future high-energy colliding experiments are discussed. We make an attempt to explain why pentaquark candidates are not seen by some experiments, and what makes the HERA experiments so special in such searches. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chekanov@mail.desy.de NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.1140/epjc/s2005-02387-5 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 014LO UT WOS:000235481900005 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Keller, H Bishop, AR Simon, A Micnas, R Muller, KA AF Bussmann-Holder, A Keller, H Bishop, AR Simon, A Micnas, R Muller, KA TI Unconventional isotope effects as evidence for polaron formation in cuprates SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; PENETRATION DEPTH; PHASE-DIAGRAM; LA2-XSRXCUO4; INSTABILITY; OXIDES; ORIGIN AB Unconventional isotope effects (Phys. Rev. Lett., 92 (2004) 057602) as observed in high-temperature superconducting cuprates (HTSC), are explained by polaron formation which leads to a renormalization of the single-particle energies and the formation of density-density interactions. It is shown that the dominant contribution to these effects stems from the coupling to the quadrupolar Q(2)-type phonon mode. C1 Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Inst Phys, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Micnas, Roman/E-9668-2015 NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10252-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 987ZK UT WOS:000233556300015 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO Bishop, AR AF Reichhardt, C Reichhardt, CJO Bishop, AR TI Hysteresis and noise in stripe- and clump-forming systems SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED MATTER; PHASE-SEPARATION; ELECTRON LIQUID; SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETISM; OXIDES; FIELD; MODEL AB We use simulations to examine hysteresis and noise in a model system that produces heterogeneous orderings including stripe and clump phases. In the presence of a disordered substrate, these heterogeneous phases exhibit 1/f(alpha) noise and hysteresis in transport. The noise fluctuations are maximal in the heterogeneous phases, while in the uniform phases the hysteresis vanishes and both a and the noise power decrease. We compare our results to recent experiments exhibiting noise and hysteresis in high-temperature superconductors where charge heterogeneities may occur. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1209/epl/i2005-10250-8 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 987ZK UT WOS:000233556300018 ER PT J AU Appella, E Anderson, CW AF Appella, E Anderson, CW TI Identifying protein interactions - Experimental approaches SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NCI, Chem Immunol Sect, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Long Isl City, NY USA. RP Appella, E (reprint author), NCI, Chem Immunol Sect, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-464X J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 272 IS 21 BP 5389 EP 5390 DI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04969.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 976ZM UT WOS:000232772200001 ER PT J AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, P TI Towards a coherent theory of physics and mathematics: The theory-experiment connection SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coherent theory physics; mathematics; theory-experiment connection; measurement outcome numbers; physics based on these numbers ID RELATIVE STATE FORMULATION; QUANTUM SET-THEORY; MECHANICS; FOUNDATIONS; INFORMATION AB The problem of how mathematics and physics are related at a foundational level is of interest. The approach taken here is to work towards a coherent theory of physics and mathematics together by examining the theory experiment connection. The role of an implied theory hierarchy and use of computers in comparing theory and experiment is described. The main idea of the paper is to tighten the theory experiment connection by bringing physical theories, as mathematical structures over C, the complex numbers, closer to what is actually done in experimental measurements and computations. The method replaces C by C-n which is the set of pairs, R-n,I-n, of n figure rational numbers in some basis. The properties of these numbers are based on those of numerical measurement outcomes for continuous variables. A model of space and time based on R-n is discussed. The model is scale invariant with regions of constant step size interrupted by exponential jumps. A method of taking the limit n --> infinity to obtain locally flat continuum-based space and time is outlined. Also R-n based space is invariant under scale transformations. These correspond to expansion and contraction of space relative to a flat background. The location of the origin, which is a space and time singularity, does not change under these transformations. Some properties of quantum mechanics, based on C-n and on R-n space are briefly investigated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbenioff@anl.gov NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1825 EP 1856 DI 10.1007/s10701-005-7351-6 PG 32 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 994HL UT WOS:000234021800004 ER PT J AU Blume-Kohout, R Zurek, WH AF Blume-Kohout, R Zurek, WH TI A simple example of "Quantum Darwinism": Redundant information storage in many-spin environments SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE decoherence; quantum Darwinism; quantum information; quantum-classical transition ID AVERAGE ENTROPY; PAGES CONJECTURE; DECOHERENCE; SUBSYSTEM; EINSELECTION; PROOF AB As quantum information science approaches the goal of constructing quantum computers, understanding loss of information through decoherence becomes increasingly important. The information about a system that can be obtained from its environment can facilitate quantum control and error correction. Moreover, observers gain most of their information indirectly, by monitoring (primarily photon) environments of the "objects of interest." Exactly how this information is inscribed in the environment is essential for the emergence of "the classical" from the quantum substrate. In this paper, we examine how many-qubit (or many-spin) environments can store information about a single system. The information lost to the environment can be stored redundantly, or it can be encoded in entangled modes of the environment. We go on to show that randomly chosen states of the environment almost always encode the information so that an observer must capture a majority of the environment to deduce the system's state. Conversely, in the states produced by a typical decoherence process, information about a particular observable of the system is stored redundantly. This selective proliferation of "the fittest information" (known as Quantum Darwinism) plays a key role in choosing the preferred, effectively classical observables of macroscopic systems. The developing appreciation that the environment functions not just as a garbage dump, but as a communication channel, is extending our understanding of the environment's role in the quantum-classical transition beyond the traditional paradigm of decoherence. C1 CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blume-Kohout, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM robin@blumekohout.com; whz@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0015-9018 J9 FOUND PHYS JI Found. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1857 EP 1876 DI 10.1007/s10701-005-7352-5 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 994HL UT WOS:000234021800005 ER PT J AU Williamson, D Brooks, A Brown, T Chrzanowski, J Cole, A Fan, HM Freudenberg, K Fogarty, P Hargrove, T Heitzenroeder, P Lovett, G Miller, P Myatt, R Nelson, B Reiersen, W Strickler, D AF Williamson, D Brooks, A Brown, T Chrzanowski, J Cole, A Fan, HM Freudenberg, K Fogarty, P Hargrove, T Heitzenroeder, P Lovett, G Miller, P Myatt, R Nelson, B Reiersen, W Strickler, D TI Modular coil design developments for the national compact stellarator experiment (NCSX) SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE quasi-axisyminetric facility; stellarator; computer-aided design (CAD) AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is a quasi-axisymmetric facility that combines the high beta and good confinement features of an advanced tokamak with the low current, disruption-free characteristics of a stellarator. The experiment is based on a three field-period plasma configuration with an average major radius of 1.4 m, a minor radius of 0.3 m, and a toroidal magnetic field on axis of up to 2 T. The modular coils are one set in a complex assembly of four coil systems that surround the highly shaped plasma. There are six, each of three coil types in the assembly for a total of 18 modular coils. The coils are constructed by winding copper cable onto a cast stainless steel winding form that has been machined to high accuracy, so that the current center of the winding pack is within +/- 1.5 mm of its theoretical position. The modular coils operate at a temperature of 80 K and are subjected to rapid heating and stress during a pulse. At this time, the project has completed construction of several prototype components which validate the fabrication and inspection processes that are planned for the production coils. In addition, some advanced techniques for error-field compensation and assembly simulation using computer-aided design (CAD) have been developed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08502 USA. BWXT Y12, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hargrove Engn, Scottsboro, AL 35768 USA. MK Technol, Knoxville, TN 37930 USA. Myatt Consulting, Norfolk, MA 02056 USA. RP Williamson, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM williamsonde@ornl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.254 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100013 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, NN AF Martovetsky, NN TI Stability and design criterion for cable-in-conduit-conductors with a broad transition to normal state SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE cable-in-conduit; critical current; N-value; stability ID COIL AB Stability criterion in cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) is often associated with heat removal rate higher than heat generated in the normal zone, which requires low current density in the strands. We show that this criterion is not a mandatory requirement for serviceability of CICC and that CICC may work reliably at higher current densities. In conditions of limited and well defined perturbations, sufficient stability is provided not by a large amount of copper and high transient heat transfer, but by a smooth transition to the normal state and easy current redistribution. A strand parameter space in terms of I-c and N-value meeting CICC requirements for stability, limited heat generation, and minimum temperature margin is proposed and discussed. The theory predictions are compared with known experimental data on CICC. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM martovetsky1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.258 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100038 ER PT J AU Rodig, M Bobin-Vastra, I Cox, S Escourbiac, F Gervash, A Kapoustina, A Kuehnlein, W Kuznetsov, V Merola, M Nygren, R Youchison, DL AF Rodig, M Bobin-Vastra, I Cox, S Escourbiac, F Gervash, A Kapoustina, A Kuehnlein, W Kuznetsov, V Merola, M Nygren, R Youchison, DL TI Testing of actively cooled mock-ups in several high heat flux facilities - An International Round Robin Test SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE mock-ups; high heat flux; electron beam AB Several electron beam and ion beam facilities are involved in high heat flux testing of plasma-facing components for next step fusion devices. Up to a certain degree, these machines are comparable, but differences concern, e.g. beam generation, beam sweeping, calibration techniques and diagnostics. In order to get an information if tests in the different facilities are really comparable, a set of actively cooled CFC monoblocks has been heated in four electron beam and one ion beam facility at comparable power densities. The temperature response during these loadings has been registered and used as a criteria for assessment. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EURATOM, Forschungszentrum, D-52425 Julich, Germany. AREVA Ctr Tech Framatome, F-71205 Le Creusot, France. UKAEA, JET, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. CEA, DRFC, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. Efremov Inst, St Petersburg 196641, Russia. EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodig, M (reprint author), EURATOM, Forschungszentrum, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM m.roedig@f7-juelich.de OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.212 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100052 ER PT J AU Nygren, RE AF Nygren, RE TI Thermal modeling of W rod armor SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE experimental techniques; melting; surface effects; thermal shock; tungsten ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; ITER DIVERTOR; I ELMS; EROSION AB Sandia has developed and tested mockups armored with W rods over the last decade and pioneered the initial development of W rod armor for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) in the 1990's. We have also developed 2D and 3D thermal and stress models of W rod-armored plasma facing components (PFCs) and test mockups and are applying the models to both short pulses, i.e. edge localized modes (ELMs), and thermal performance in steady state for applications in C-MOD, DiMES testing and ITER. This paper briefly describes the 2D and 3D models and their applications with emphasis on modeling for an ongoing test program that simulates repeated heat loads from ITER ELMs. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nygren, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1129,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM renygre@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 319 EP 323 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.317 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100055 ER PT J AU Combs, SK Baylor, LR Caughman, JBO Fehling, DT Foust, CR Jernigan, TC Maruyama, S McGill, JM Rasmussen, DA Ridenour, JA Watson, M AF Combs, SK Baylor, LR Caughman, JBO Fehling, DT Foust, CR Jernigan, TC Maruyama, S McGill, JM Rasmussen, DA Ridenour, JA Watson, M TI Pellet delivery and survivability through curved guide tubes for fusion fueling and its implications for ITER SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE pellet delivery; ITER; fusion fueling ID HIGH-FIELD-SIDE; INJECTION TECHNOLOGY; TOKAMAK; LAUNCH AB Injection of solid hydrogen pellets from the magnetic high-field side will be the primary technique for depositing fuel particles into the core of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) burning plasmas. This injection scheme will require the use of curved guide tubes to route the pellets from the acceleration devices to the inside wall launch locations. Experimental pellet studies with curved guide tubes have been carried out for several years at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), including mock-up tests of guide tube installations for several fusion experiments. In general, the tightest bend radius of the guide tube is the key parameter in limiting intact pellet speed, and for inside launch the pellet speed is typically limited to a few hundreds of meters per second for reliable delivery of intact pellets. Recently, an experimental mock-up of the proposed ITER curved guide tube for inside wall pellet launch was set up in the lab and tested with nominal 5.3-mm D(2) pellets. For this mock-up, the pellet speed had to be limited to approximate to 300 m/s for reliable delivery of intact pellets. Also, microwave cavity mass detectors located upstream and downstream of the test tube indicated that approximate to 10% of the pellet mass was lost in the guide tube at 300 m/s. The test results from the previous mock-ups will be summarized in the paper, and the new data from the ITER mock-up will be presented and discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. ITER Int Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. UKAEA JET Facil, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. RP Combs, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM combssk@ornl.gov RI Caughman, John/R-4889-2016 OI Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.130 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100119 ER PT J AU Sedano, LA Hassanein, A Sanz, J AF Sedano, LA Hassanein, A Sanz, J TI Ab initio evaluations of the He solubility in liquid Li SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE liquid metals; tritium; radiation effects; bubble cavitation; blanket design ID HYDROGEN; COEFFICIENTS; TECHNOLOGY; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; METALS AB Modified embedding atom methods (MEAM) are developed to have predictions of the partial molar heat of solution (-H(s)) by direct simulation of metal cohesion, He-metal and He-He interaction. Transitions from crystalline Li to configurations, having the liquid Li structure's factors ((h) over cap (q)), are simulated ab initio. Once (h) over cap (q) reproduced, He atoms are added, one by one, to the Li system. Parallel lines for each case, with slopes clearly independent on the number of He atoms in the system, are obtained for energy versus pressure at given temperatures. Average differences between two adjacent parallels at zero pressure, once kinetic energy of the system discounted, represents the energy gained by an He atom when added to the Li system, related to the solution energy -H(s). . The molar excess entropy of gas in solution ((S) over bar (ex)(1)) is previously evaluated following diverse fundamental approaches: a "thermodynamic liquid-hole" (TL-H) model for alkali liquids and a statistical-mechanics (Neff & McQuarrie's) model (SMM). Between 600 and 900 degrees C, a typical range of interest for the use of Li in fusion technology, the computed values for the (He) Henry's constant in Li range from 8 x 10(-14) to 10(-13) at. fr. Pa(-1). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EURATOM CIEMAT, Assoc Mat Fus Program, Madrid 28040, Spain. Argonne Nat Lab, Argonne, IL USA. ETSII UNED, Madrid 28040, Spain. RP Sedano, LA (reprint author), EURATOM CIEMAT, Assoc Mat Fus Program, Bd 43 PO 04,Avda Complutense 22, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM luis.sedano@cietnat.es; hassanein@anl.gov; jsanz@ind.UNED.es NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 927 EP 931 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.287 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100160 ER PT J AU Mota, F Caturla, MJ Perlado, JM Dominguez, E Kubota, A AF Mota, F Caturla, MJ Perlado, JM Dominguez, E Kubota, A TI Threshold energy of formation of an oxygen vacancy defect in SiO2 by atomic displacements using molecular dynamics SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY AB The interest on the effects of radiation in vitreous silica has increased recently due to its possible application as optical transmission component in fusion reactors. This material will be exposed to high neutron irradiation fluxes during operation that can change its mechanical and optical properties. In this paper, we present molecular dynamics simulations of defect production in amorphous silica. In particular, we study the minimum energy required to generate a stable oxygen vacancy by atomic displacements. A range of energies that differs significantly depending on the initial displaced atom being silicon or oxygen is presented. We show that an oxygen recoil is able to easily generate stable oxygen vacancies while a silicon recoil requires much higher energies to produce stable oxygen vacancies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid, Spain. Univ Alicante, Dep Fis Aplicada, Alicante, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Mota, F (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid, Spain. EM mota@denim.upm.es RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; Mota, Fernando/H-1741-2016 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; Mota, Fernando/0000-0002-1337-2482 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 1027 EP 1030 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.215 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100177 ER PT J AU Sanz, J Cabellos, O Reyes, S AF Sanz, J Cabellos, O Reyes, S TI Effect of activation cross-section uncertainties in selecting steels for the HYLIFE-II chamber to successful waste management SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE IFE; HYLIFE II; waste management; low activation steels; cross-section uncertainties ID FUSION ENERGY AB We perform the waste management assessment of the different types of steels proposed as structural material for the inertial fusion energy (IFE) HYLIFE-II concept. Both recycling options, hands-on (HoR) and remote (RR), are unacceptable. Regarding shallow land burial (SLB), 304SS has a very good performance, and both Cr-W ferritic steels (FS) and oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) FS are very likely to be acceptable. The only two impurity elements that question the possibility of obtaining reduced activation (RA) steels for SLB are niobium and molybdenum. The effect of activation cross-section uncertainties on SLB assessments is proved to be important. The necessary improvement of some tungsten and niobium cross-sections is justified. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dep Ingn Energet, Madrid 28040, Spain. Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, Madrid, Spain. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sanz, J (reprint author), Univ Nacl Educ Distancia, Dep Ingn Energet, Juan Del Rosal 12, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM jsanz@ind.uned.es NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 1157 EP 1161 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.192 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100200 ER PT J AU Natalizio, A Pinna, T Levine, JD AF Natalizio, A Pinna, T Levine, JD TI TFTR occupational radiation exposure data collection and analysis SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE worker dose; ORE; data collection; TFTR AB Occupational radiation exposure (ORE) experience from existing fusion facilities represents a valuable source of information to assist in the development of ORE estimates for future fusion machines and possibly, in validating them. Accordingly, the worker dose experience from TFTR was of particular interest, not only because of the machine size, but also because of its D/T operation and because it saw the complete cycle of the plant life, including the decommissioning phase. The TFTR ORE experience was reviewed using a systematic approach similar to that used for JET. The worker dose data was reviewed on the basis of available documentation with the aim of identifying trends and relationships that would be useful for future fusion machine ORE estimates. The analysis has yielded some useful results and findings. The first finding is that the machine was shutdown, on an average, about 60% of the year. The second finding is that the ratio of exposed workers to monitored workers was about one-fifth. The third finding is that although, the major portion of worker dose was accrued by maintenance workers during shutdown periods, a significant portion (up to 20%) could have been accrued by non-maintenance work groups during operating periods (excluding plasma operation). Finally, after several years of machine operation with D/T plasmas, there is sufficient information to indicate that tritium doses did not contribute significantly to the total worker dose. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ENEA, Nucl Fus Technol, I-00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy. ENSAC Associates Ltd, Toronto, ON M9C 1N4, Canada. DOE Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Pinna, T (reprint author), ENEA, Nucl Fus Technol, Via Enrico Fermi 45, I-00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy. EM ensac@sympatico.ca; pinna@frascati.enea.it; jlevine@pppl.gov NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 1187 EP 1191 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.298 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100205 ER PT J AU Sardain, P Ayrault, L Laffont, G Challet, F Marie, LB Merrill, B Porfiri, MT Caruso, G AF Sardain, P Ayrault, L Laffont, G Challet, F Marie, LB Merrill, B Porfiri, MT Caruso, G TI The EVITA programme: Experimental and numerical simulation of a fluid ingress in the cryostat of a water-cooled fusion reactor SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE ITER reactor; EVITA experiment; cryostat AB In the frame of the deterministic approach in the safety analysis of the ITER reactor, it is Postulated that a helium cooling line from the cryogenic system and one coolant pipe of the first wall/blanket primary heat transport system are damaged simultaneously in the cryostat. This event is selected to bound possible damage to the systems in the cryostat. The computer codes, which are used for the assessment of ITER safety, can be validated against the EVITA experiment, which has been designed for the simulation of the physical phenomena occurring during a coolant ingress into the cryostat, namely ice formation on a cryogenic structure, heat transfer coefficient between walls and fluid, flashing, two-phase critical flow. The comparison between calculations and experiments allows the ability of the computer codes to treat the relevant physical phenomena to be assessed. (c) 2005 The European Commission. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EFDA Close Support Unit, D-85748 Garching, Germany. CEN Cadarache, DEN, DTN, STPA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Technicatome, F-13791 Aix En Provence, France. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. ENEA, Rome, Italy. Univ Rome, Rome, Italy. RP Sardain, P (reprint author), EFDA Close Support Unit, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM pierre.sardain@tech.efda.org RI Caruso, Gianfranco/D-9598-2011 OI Caruso, Gianfranco/0000-0001-6137-9235 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 75-79 BP 1265 EP 1269 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.279 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 995AK UT WOS:000234072100220 ER PT J AU Zinkle, SJ AF Zinkle, SJ TI Advanced materials for fusion technology SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE ferritic steels; oxide-dispersion-strengthened steels; vanadium alloys; silicon carbide composites ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; SICF/SIC COMPOSITES; MARTENSITIC STEELS; ALLOYS; REACTORS; IRRADIATION; RESISTANCE; CHROMIUM AB The challenging environment associated with a fusion reactor (radiation, heat flux, chemical compatibility and thermo-mechanical stresses) will require the utilization of advanced structural materials in order to enable the successful development of fusion energy. Research supported by the international fusion materials programs and the broader materials science community is providing important advances in the development of improved materials that also satisfy the requirements for reduced long-term activation and low short-term decay heat. An overview is given regarding recent work on high-performance ferritic/martensitic and bainitic steels, nanocomposited oxide-dispersion-strengthened ferritic steels, vanadium alloys and SiC ceramic composites, which are candidate structural materials for fusion systems. Several of these advanced alloys developed by fusion researchers are being spun off for near-term commercial applications in other fields, such as fossil energy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zinkle, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 50 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.08.008 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800005 ER PT J AU Durodie, F Chappuis, P Fanthome, J Goulding, RH Hosea, J Lamalle, PU Lorenz, A Nightingale, MPS Semeraro, L Wesner, F AF Durodie, F Chappuis, P Fanthome, J Goulding, RH Hosea, J Lamalle, PU Lorenz, A Nightingale, MPS Semeraro, L Wesner, F TI Main design features and challenges of the ITER-like ICRF antenna for JET SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE ICRF antenna; resonant double loop (RDL); high power prototype AB The ITER-like ICRF antenna for JET aims at validating novel antenna design principles in conditions as relevant as possible to ITER by coupling about 7.2 MW to an ELMy H-mode plasma on JET in the frequency range from 30 to 55 MHz. The power density, about 8 MW/m(2), for a given maximum voltage in the circuit is maximized using poloidally short straps and the resilience to fast varying RF loads by matching pairs of straps by a so-called conjugate-T. The paper reports the main characteristics of the final design as well as the main challenges encountered during the design and testing phase of the key components. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, TEC, Royal Mil Acad, Plasma Phys Lab, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EURATOM, CEA, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. UKAEA, EURATOM Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EFDA, JET Close Support Unit, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Assoc Euratom ENEA Fus, Rome, Italy. EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Durodie, F (reprint author), Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, TEC, Royal Mil Acad, Plasma Phys Lab, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM frederic.durodie@telenet.be RI Goulding, Richard/C-5982-2016 OI Goulding, Richard/0000-0002-1776-7983 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.08.019 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800030 ER PT J AU Fuentes, C Liniers, M Wolfers, G Alonso, J Marcon, G Carrasco, R Guasp, J Acedo, M Sanchez, E Medrano, M Garcia, A Doncel, J Alejaldre, C Tsai, CC Barber, G Sparks, D AF Fuentes, C Liniers, M Wolfers, G Alonso, J Marcon, G Carrasco, R Guasp, J Acedo, M Sanchez, E Medrano, M Garcia, A Doncel, J Alejaldre, C Tsai, CC Barber, G Sparks, D TI Neutral beam injection optimization at TJ-II SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE neutral beam injection (NBI); optimization; ion guage (IG) AB Neutral beam injection (NBI) heating has been used on the TJ-II stellarator for the first time. The beam has a port-through power between 200 and 400 kW and injection energy 28 kV. Beam transmission is limited by beam interception at the injection port and the first toroidal field coil, therefore, beam steering optimization is of critical importance. The beam interaction areas inside TJ-II vacuum chamber are surveyed by infrared thermography. Beam reionization can be a problem due to the presence of residual gas in the duct region. Halpha emission is used to monitor the reionization at the duct. A careful optimization of the injected gas has been carried out. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 EURATOM, CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fuentes, C (reprint author), EURATOM, CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Av Complutense 22, Madrid, Spain. EM candi.fuentes@ciemat.es RI Liniers, Macarena/C-4593-2017 OI Liniers, Macarena/0000-0003-2101-0112 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.315 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800034 ER PT J AU Umeda, N Yamamoto, T Hanada, A Grisham, L Kawai, M Ohga, T Akino, N Inoue, T Kazawa, A Kikuchi, K Mogaki, K Yamazaki, H Watanabe, K Ikeda, Y AF Umeda, N Yamamoto, T Hanada, A Grisham, L Kawai, M Ohga, T Akino, N Inoue, T Kazawa, A Kikuchi, K Mogaki, K Yamazaki, H Watanabe, K Ikeda, Y TI Recent progress of negative ion based neutral beam injector for JT-60U SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE neutral beam injector; negative ion source; stripping loss; grid heat load ID NBI SYSTEM; IMPROVEMENT; POWER AB In the negative ion based neutral beam injector (N-NBI) for JT-60U, an extension of the pulse duration up to 30 s has been intended to study quasi-steady state plasmas, where the NBI pulse duration is significantly longer than the plasma current diffusion time. Achieving long pulse injection requires a reduction of the heat load on the grids of the ion source. The ion source was modified to reduce the pressure within the grid structure by increasing the vacuum conductance of the acceleration grids. The acceleration efficiency was improved from 0.74 to 0.79. The heat load of the grounded grid, which was the main heat load of the acceleration grids, decreased from 9.2 to 7.0% at a constant arc chamber pressure of 0.3 Pa. These improvements seemed to be caused by the reduction of beam ion stripping loss. Up to now, a long pulse injection of 17 s at the power of 1.6 MW with beam energy of 366 keV was obtained by using one ion source. The temperature rise of the cooling water from the grounded grid saturated at less than 35 degrees C during operation, so the heat load of the grid is significantly reduced for steady state operation at this power level. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08545 USA. RP Umeda, N (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, 801-1 Mukouyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM umedana@fusion.naka.jarei.go.jp NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.013 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800055 ER PT J AU Hosea, J Beals, D Beck, W Bernabei, S Burke, W Childs, R Ellis, R Fredd, E Greenough, N Grimes, M Gwinn, D Irby, J Jurczynski, S Koert, R Kung, CC Loesser, GD Marmar, E Parker, R Rushinski, J Schilling, G Terry, D Vieira, R Wilson, JR Zaks, J AF Hosea, J Beals, D Beck, W Bernabei, S Burke, W Childs, R Ellis, R Fredd, E Greenough, N Grimes, M Gwinn, D Irby, J Jurczynski, S Koert, R Kung, CC Loesser, GD Marmar, E Parker, R Rushinski, J Schilling, G Terry, D Vieira, R Wilson, JR Zaks, J TI The LHCD launcher for Alcator C-Mod - Design, construction, calibration and testing SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE lower hybrid current drive (LHCD); C-Mod; launcher AB MIT and PPPL have joined together to fabricate a high-power lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system for supporting steady-state AT regime research on Alcator C-Mod. The goal of the first step of this project is to provide 1.5 MW of 4.6 GHz rf power to the plasma with a compact launcher which has excellent spectral selectivity and fits into a single C-Mod port. Some of the important design, construction, calibration and testing considerations for the launcher leading up to its installation on C-Mod are presented here. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hosea, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jhosea@pppl.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.200 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800071 ER PT J AU Callis, RW Lohr, J Gorelov, IA Ponce, D Kajiwara, K Tooker, JF AF Callis, RW Lohr, J Gorelov, IA Ponce, D Kajiwara, K Tooker, JF TI The upgrade of the DIII-D EC system using 120 GHz ITER gyrotrons SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE gyrotron; DIII-D; cyclotron AB The planned growth in the EC system on DIII-D over the next few years requires the installation of two depressed collector gyrotrons, a high voltage power supply, two low loss transmission lines, and the required support equipment. This new DIII-D EC equipment could be made identical to the ITER EC system requirements. By building the DIII-D hardware to the ITER specifications, it will allow ITER to gain beneficial prototyping experience on a working tokamak, prior to committing to building the hardware for delivery to ITER. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Callis, RW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608,MS 34-107B, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM callis@fusion.gat.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.220 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800072 ER PT J AU Grimes, M Terry, D Parker, R Beals, D Irby, J Vieira, R Gwinn, D Zaks, J Hosea, J Greenough, N Wilson, JR AF Grimes, M Terry, D Parker, R Beals, D Irby, J Vieira, R Gwinn, D Zaks, J Hosea, J Greenough, N Wilson, JR TI The Alcator C-Mod lower hybrid current drive experiment transmitter SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE Alcator C-Mod; LHCD; active control system AB Alcator C-Mod, is a high-field high-density, diverted, compact tokamak, which, in its present form uses inductive current drive and is heated with 5 MW of ICRF auxiliary power. C-Mod is in the process of being upgraded with a 4.6 GHz lower hybrid heating and current drive (LHCD) system. The purpose of the experiment is to develop and explore the potential of "Advanced Tokamak Regimes" under quasi-steady-state conditions. In this paper, an overview of the RF transmitter and the controls and protection systems for the Lower Hybrid Project is given. The transmitter will use 12 250 kW klystrons operating simultaneously which will result in a total nominal power at the klystrons of nearly 3 MW for a planned pulse width of 5 s. Active control system vector modulators provide phase and amplitude drive for each klystron, and I-Q detectors are used to monitor phase and amplitude. These feedback signals are used in digital controllers for closed-loop control of klystron phase and amplitude to preset values. An expected upgrade of four additional klystrons will result in a total nominal power of 4 MW. The transmitters have been tested to full power, and installation of the lower hybrid current drive experiment on the C-Mod Tokamak is expected in 2004/2005. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Grimes, M (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM grimes@psfc.mit.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.111 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800074 ER PT J AU Leuer, JA Deranian, RD Ferron, JR Humphreys, DA Johnson, RD Penaflor, BG Walker, ML Welander, AS Gates, D Hatcher, R Menard, J Mueller, D McArdle, G Storrs, J Wan, B Gribov, Y Kwon, M Jhang, H Khayrutdinov, RR Kavin, A AF Leuer, JA Deranian, RD Ferron, JR Humphreys, DA Johnson, RD Penaflor, BG Walker, ML Welander, AS Gates, D Hatcher, R Menard, J Mueller, D McArdle, G Storrs, J Wan, B Gribov, Y Kwon, M Jhang, H Khayrutdinov, RR Kavin, A TI DIII-D integrated plasma control tools applied to next generation tokamaks SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE DIII-I program; plasma control tools; next generation tokamaks ID RECONSTRUCTION; EQUILIBRIUM AB A complete software suite for integrated tokamak plasma control has been developed within the DIII-D program. The suite consists of software for real-time control of all aspects of the plasma, modeling, simulation and design tools for analysis and development of controllers, a flexible and modular architecture for implementation and testing of algorithms and many fully validated models. Many elements of the system have been applied to and implemented on NSTX and MAST. The DIII-D realtime plasma control system together with the integrated modeling and simulation suite have been selected for operational use by both the KSTAR and EAST tokamaks, and are also being used at General Atomics to investigate control issues for ITER. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, CASIPP, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. ITER Naka, Naka, Ibaraki 310193, Japan. TRINITI Lab, Troitsk, Moscow Region, Russia. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. DV Efremov Sci Res Inst Electrophys Apparatus, St Petersburg 196641, Russia. RP Leuer, JA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM leuer@fusion.gat.com OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286; Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 645 EP 649 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.256 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800098 ER PT J AU Penaflor, BG Ferron, JR Piglowski, DA Johnson, RD Baker, DR Wade, MR Austin, ME AF Penaflor, BG Ferron, JR Piglowski, DA Johnson, RD Baker, DR Wade, MR Austin, ME TI Progress towards achieving profile control in the recently upgraded DIII-I plasma control system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE tokamak; plasma control system (PCS); electron cyclotron emission (ECE) AB This paper describes the improvements being made in the capabilities of the DIII-D plasma control system (PCs) towards achieving optimization of current and pressure profiles in advanced tokamak discharges. Key improvements have been increased processing power and the ability to include profile diagnostic data. The recently completed upgrade of the PCs to Linux based Intel computers connected with 2 Gigabit/s Myrinet networking technology has been successful in achieving the goals of increasing the overall performance and flexibility of the system. The new Intel computing system has increased processing power by a factor 30 over the older i860 based systems. The Myrinet fiber based network has allowed the inclusion of data in real-time from DIII-D diagnostics, situated in remote locations within the DIII-D research facility. The PCs now collects 32 channels of motional stark effect (MSE) data and uses these data for real-time computation of the safety factor (q) profile. Electron temperature and density profile data from the Thomson scattering diagnostic and electron temperature profile data from the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic are presently being added. Addition of an ion temperature and toroidal rotation profile data from the charge exchange recombination diagnostic is planned. Feedback control by the PCS of the electron temperature at two points has been demonstrated using either ECH or neutral beam power. This has been used to modify current profile evolution during plasma current ramp up. Specifics of the latest improvements to the DIII-D PCs are detailed here. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Penaflor, BG (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Ben.Penaflor@gat.com NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.313 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800100 ER PT J AU Humphreys, DA Deranian, RD Ferron, JR Jayakumar, RJ Johnson, RD Khayrutdinov, RR La Haye, RJ Leuer, JA Makowski, MA Penaflor, BG Walker, ML Welander, AS AF Humphreys, DA Deranian, RD Ferron, JR Jayakumar, RJ Johnson, RD Khayrutdinov, RR La Haye, RJ Leuer, JA Makowski, MA Penaflor, BG Walker, ML Welander, AS TI High performance integrated plasma control in DIII-D SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE DIII-I; plasma control; advanced tokamak (AT) AB The DIII-D mission to explore the advanced tokamak (AT) regime places significant demands on the DIII-D plasma control system (PCs) [D.A. Humphreys, et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 66-68 (2003) 633], including simultaneous and accurate regulation of plasma shape, stored energy, and density, as well as coordinated suppression of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. The present work describes selected new solutions to key control problems in DIII-D AT operation. These include novel nonrigid, resistive linear plasma response models, nonlinear algorithms for avoidance of current limiting, and improved neoclassical tearing mode control algorithms. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. TRINITI Lab, Troitsk, Russia. RP Humphreys, DA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM humphreys@fusion.gat.com OI Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.326 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800101 ER PT J AU Walker, CI Barnsley, R Costley, AE Gottfried, R Haist, B Itami, K Kondoh, T Loesser, GD Palmer, J Sugie, T Tesini, A Vayakis, G AF Walker, CI Barnsley, R Costley, AE Gottfried, R Haist, B Itami, K Kondoh, T Loesser, GD Palmer, J Sugie, T Tesini, A Vayakis, G TI ITER diagnostics: Maintenance and commissioning in the hot cell test bed SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE diagnostic; refurbishment; hot cell; remote handling; remote testing; port plug; divertor AB In-vessel diagnostic equipment in ITER integrated in six equatorial and 12 upper ports, 16 divertor cassettes and five lower ports is designed to be removed in modules and then repaired, tested and commissioned in the same location at the ITER hot cell. The repair requirements and tests on these components are described along with design features that facilitate repair. The testing establishes the repair strategy, qualifies the refurbishment work and finally checks the mechanical and diagnostic function before the return of the modules. At the hot cell, a dummy port is provided for tests of mechanical and vacuum integrity as well as commissioning of the diagnostic equipment. The scope of the hot cell maintenance and commissioning activities is summarised and an overview of the integration of the diagnostic equipment is given. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER Int Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Framatome ANP, Paris, France. Oxford Technol, Abingdon, Oxon, England. PPPL, Princeton, NJ USA. EFDA, D-85748 Garching, Germany. ITER, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. RP Walker, CI (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER Int Team, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM walkerc@itereu.de NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 685 EP 690 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.243 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800104 ER PT J AU Baeumel, S Werner, A Semler, R Mukherjee, S Darrow, DS Ellis, R Cecil, FE Pedrick, L Altmann, H Kiptily, V Gafert, J AF Baeumel, S Werner, A Semler, R Mukherjee, S Darrow, DS Ellis, R Cecil, FE Pedrick, L Altmann, H Kiptily, V Gafert, J TI Design of lost alpha particle diagnostics for JET SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE JET Tokamak; fast ions; alpha particles; high radiation environment ID FUSION PRODUCTS; COLLECTOR; TFTR AB In a future magnetic fusion reactor alpha particles will be utlilized for plasma heating. In order to achieve a high efficiency of this process, the aim has to be a good confinement of alpha particles. Therefore, direct measurement of alpha particle losses is of particular interest. Two diagnostics are being prepared for the JET Tokamak that are targeting on exactly this subject: a scintillator probe and a set of Faraday cups [A. Lioure, A. Kaye, A. Murari, J. Sanchez, T. Todd, C. Damiani, J. Pamela, JET-EFDA Contributors, The JET-Enhanced Performance Program: more heating power and diagnostic capabilities in preparation for ITER, Fusion Eng. Des. 74 (2005) 141]. These systems are capable of measuring ICRH tail ions and charged fusion products. The scintillator probe aims to allow the detection of particles with a pitch angle between 30 degrees and 86 degrees (5% resolution) and a gyroradius between 20 and 140mm (15% resolution). The Faraday cup array will detect the current of fast ions at multiple poloidal locations, with a dynamic range of 1 nA/cm(2) to 100 mu A/cm(2) at a temporal resolution of 1 ms. For 3.5 MeV alpha-particles the energy binning of the foil detector will be 15-50% of the full energy depending on the geometry of the individual collector. The experience in operating both diagnostics in a high temperature and high radiation environment will give valuable information in preparation for the design of similar diagnostics for future fusion devices. This paper covers the design and engineering of both diagnostics together with their envisaged performance. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Culham Sci Ctr, EFDA, JET, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Baeumel, S (reprint author), EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Wendelsteinstr 1, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany. EM baeumel@ipp.mpg.de NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.120 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800132 ER PT J AU Ponce, D Gorelov, IA Chiu, HK Baity, FW AF Ponce, D Gorelov, IA Chiu, HK Baity, FW TI Real-time multiple networked viewer capability of the DIII-D EC data acquisition system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 23) CY SEP 20-24, 2004 CL Venice, ITALY DE ECH; ECCD; data acquisition; DAS; remote participation; ethernet; LAN AB A data acquisition system (DAS) which permits real-time viewing by multiple locally networked operators is being implemented for the electron cyclotron (EC) heating and current drive system at DIII-D. The DAS is expected to demonstrate performance equivalent to standalone oscilloscopes. Participation by remote viewers, including throughout the greater DIII-D facility, can also be incorporated. The real-time system uses one computer-controlled DAS per gyrotron. The DAS computers send their data to a central data server using individual and dedicated 200 Mbps fully duplexed Ethernet connections. The server has a dedicated 10 krpm hard drive for each gyrotron DAS. Selected channels can then be reprocessed and distributed to viewers over a standard local area network (LAN). They can also be bridged from the LAN to the internet. Calculations indicate that the hardware will support real-time writing of each channel at full resolution to the server hard drives. The data will be re-sampled for distribution to multiple viewers over the LAN in real-time. The hardware for this system is in place. The software is under development. This paper will present the design details and up-to-date performance metrics of the system. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ponce, D (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM Dan.Ponce@gat.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 1-4 BP 891 EP 895 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.156 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 992MA UT WOS:000233886800139 ER PT J AU Ebey, PS Dole, JM Geller, DA Hoffer, JK Nobile, A Sheliak, JD AF Ebey, PS Dole, JM Geller, DA Hoffer, JK Nobile, A Sheliak, JD TI Deuterium-tritium beta-layering within a National Ignition Facility scale polymer target in the LANL cryogenic pressure loader SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inertial fusion targets; cryogenics; beta layering ID HOHLRAUMS AB Beta-layering, the process of beta-decay heat-driven mass redistribution, has been demonstrated in a deuterium-tritium (D-T)-filled polymer sphere of the type required for fusion ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility. This is the first report, to the best of the authors' knowledge, of a D-T layer formed in a permeation-filled sphere. The 2-mm-diam sphere was filled with D-T by permeation; cooled to cryogenic temperatures while in the high-pressure permeation vessel; and, while cold, removed to an optical axis where the D-T was frozen, melted, and beta-layered in a series of experiments over several weeks' time. This work was performed in the Los Alamos National Laboratory cryogenic pressure loader system. The beta-layering time constant was 24.0 +/- 2.5 min, less than the theoretical value of 26.8 min, and not showing the significant increase due to build-up of He-3 often observed in beta-layered samples. Supercooling of the liquid D-T was observed. Neither the polymer target nor its tenting material showed visual signs of degradation after 5 weeks of exposure to D-T. Small external thermal gradients were used to shift the D-T material back and forth within the sphere. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Ebey, PS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebey@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1292 EP 1298 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 980FR UT WOS:000233000100003 ER PT J AU Sharp, JA Rizki, G Kaufman, PD AF Sharp, JA Rizki, G Kaufman, PD TI Regulation of histone deposition proteins Asf1/Hir1 by multiple DNA damage checkpoint kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ASSEMBLY FACTOR-I; TOUSLED-LIKE KINASES; S-PHASE CHECKPOINT; BUDDING YEAST; CELL-CYCLE; ACTIVE CHROMATIN; HIR PROTEINS; REPLICATIONAL STRESS; ANAPHASE INHIBITOR; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION AB CAF-1 Hir proteins, and Asf1 are histone H3/H4 binding proteins important for chromatin-mediated transcriptional silencing. We explored genetic and physical interactions between these proteins and S-phase/DNA damage checkpoint kinases in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although cells lacking checkpoint kinase Mec1 do not display defects in telomeric gene silencing, silencing was dramatically reduced in cells lacking both Mec1 and the Cac1 subunit of CAF-1 Silencing was restored in cac1 Delta and cac1 Delta mec1 Delta cells upon deletion of Rad53, the kinase downstream of Mec1. Restoration of silencing to cac1 Delta cells required both Hir1 and Asf1 suggesting that Mec1 counteracts functional sequestration of the Asf1/Hir1 complex by Rad53. Consistent with this idea, the degree of suppression of silencing defects by rad53 alleles correlated with effects on Asf1 binding. Furthermore, deletion of the Dun1 kinase, a downstream target of Rad53, also suppressed the silencing defects of cac1 Delta cells and reduced the levels of Asf1 associated with Rad53 in vivo. Loss of Mec1 and Rad53 did not alter telomere lengths or Asf1 protein levels, nuclear localization, or chromosome association. We conclude that the Mec1 and Dun1 checkpoint kinases regulate the Asf1-Rad53 interaction and therefore affect the activity of the Asf1/Hir complex in vivo. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, 364 Plantat St,LRB506, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM paul.kaufman1@umassmed.edu OI Kaufman, Paul/0000-0003-3089-313X FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55712, R01 GM055712] NR 88 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 EI 1943-2631 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 2005 VL 171 IS 3 BP 885 EP 899 DI 10.1534/genetics.105.044719 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 993PK UT WOS:000233967200003 PM 16020781 ER PT J AU Zhang, LB Rector, JW Hoversten, GM AF Zhang, LB Rector, JW Hoversten, GM TI Finite-difference modelling of wave propagation in acoustic tilted TI media SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPY; EQUATION AB Based on an acoustic assumption (that the shear-wave velocity is zero) and a dispersion relationship, we derive an acoustic wave equation for P-waves in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media (transversely isotropic media with a tilted symmetry axis). This equation has fewer parameters than an elastic wave equation in TTI media and yields an accurate description of P-wave traveltimes and spreading-related attenuation. Our TTI acoustic wave equation is a fourth-order equation in time and space. We demonstrate that the acoustic approximation allows the presence of shear waves in the solution. The substantial differences in traveltime and amplitude between data created using vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) and TTI assumptions is illustrated in examples. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, LB (reprint author), Z Seis Corp, Houston, TX 77040 USA. EM LbZhang@z-seis.com NR 10 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 843 EP 852 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2005.00504.x PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 980DR UT WOS:000232994700008 ER PT J AU Gasperikova, E Cuevas, NH Morrison, HF AF Gasperikova, E Cuevas, NH Morrison, HF TI Natural field induced polarization for mapping of deep mineral deposits: A field example from Arizona SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INVERSION AB A field example of the natural field induced polarization (NFIP) method over a known deep induced polarization (IP) target in Arizona corroborates NFIP's excellent potential as a commercial survey technique for the mineral industry. Data processing and interpretation were successful in extracting the response of the IP target from the natural field signals in the presence of a conductive surface layer. The location of the interpreted IP target correlated well with interpretations from an earlier IP/resistivity dipole-dipole survey. The imaginary component of the ratio of electric field measured along the profile normalized by the electric field at a reference site becomes nonzero over the position of an IP target. The complex ratio of the profiling dipole electric field and fixed-reference-dipole electric field, plotted as a function of frequency and dipole location, is a simple and robust procedure for recovering the IP effect. The NFIP method eliminates the expense and energy requirements of deploying large transmitters and is sensitive to deeper structures (structures that are difficult to resolve using traditional methods). Thus, this method is a valuable mapping tool for identification of IP targets. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Schlumberger Technol Corp, EMI Technol Ctr, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Gasperikova, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM egasperikova@lbl.gov; ncuevas@eps.berkeley.edu; hfmorrison@socrates.berkeley.edu RI Gasperikova, Erika/D-1117-2015 OI Gasperikova, Erika/0000-0003-1553-4569 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP B61 EP B66 DI 10.1190/.1.2122410 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 989VR UT WOS:000233702600010 ER PT J AU Love, E Hammack, R Harbert, W Sams, J Veloski, G Ackman, T AF Love, E Hammack, R Harbert, W Sams, J Veloski, G Ackman, T TI Using airborne thermal infrared imagery and helicopter EM conductivity to locate mine pools and discharges in the Kettle Creek watershed, north-central Pennsylvania SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The Kettle Creek watershed contains 50-100-year-old surface and underground coal mines that are a continuing source of acid mine drainage (AMD). To characterize the mining-altered hydrology of this watershed, an airborne reconnaissance was conducted in 2002 using airborne thermal infrared imagery (TIR) and helicopter-mounted electromagnetic (HEM) surveys. TIR uses the temperature differential between surface water and groundwater to locate areas where groundwater emerges at the surface. TIR anomalies located in the survey included seeps and springs, as well as mine discharges. In a follow-up ground investigation, hand-held GPS units were used to locate 103 of the TIR anomalies. Of the sites investigated, 26 correlated with known mine discharges, whereas 27 were previously unknown. Seven known mine discharges previously obscured from TIR imagery were documented. HEM surveys were used to delineate the groundwater table and also to locate mine pools, mine discharges, and groundwater recharge zones. These surveys located 12 source regions and flow paths for acidic, metal-containing (conductive) mine drainage; areas containing acid-generating mine spoil; and areas of groundwater recharge and discharge, as well as identifying potential mine discharges previously obscured from TIR imagery by nondeciduous vegetation. Follow-up ground-based electromagnetic surveys verified the results of the HEM survey. Our study suggests that airborne reconnaissance can make the remediation of large watersheds more efficient by focusing expensive ground surveys on small target areas. C1 Shaw Environm, Monroeville, PA USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Water & Energy Team, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Love, E (reprint author), Shaw Environm, Monroeville, PA USA. EM harbert@pitt.edu RI Harbert, William/E-3502-2010 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 70 IS 6 BP B73 EP B81 DI 10.1190/1.2127110 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 989VR UT WOS:000233702600012 ER PT J AU Chen, X Bertozzi, C AF Chen, X Bertozzi, C TI Selective targeting of BNCT reagents by differences in sialic acid expression SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Meeting of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 09-12, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Glycobiol C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD NOV PY 2005 VL 15 IS 11 MA 251 BP 1250 EP 1250 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 979CP UT WOS:000232920300264 ER PT J AU Freedman, VL Waichler, SR Cole, CR Vermeul, VR Bergeron, MP AF Freedman, VL Waichler, SR Cole, CR Vermeul, VR Bergeron, MP TI Identifying the potential loss of monitoring wells using an uncertainty analysis SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER-FLOW MODEL; STEADY-STATE; PREDICTION INTERVALS; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; TRANSPORT; SENSITIVITY; CALIBRATION AB From the mid-1940s through the 1980s, large volumes of waste water were discharged at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State, causing a large-scale rise (>20 in) in the water table. When waste water discharges ceased in 1988, ground water mounds began to dissipate. This caused a large number of wells to go dry and has made it difficult to monitor contaminant plume migration. To identify monitoring wells that will need replacement, a methodology has been developed using a first-order uncertainty analysis with UCODE, a nonlinear parameter estimation code. Using a three-dimensional, finite-element ground water flow code, key parameters were identified by calibrating to historical hydraulic head data. Results from the calibration period were then used to check model predictions by comparing monitoring wells' wet/dry status with field data. This status was analyzed using a methodology that incorporated the 0.3 cumulative probability derived from the confidence and prediction intervals. For comparison, a nonphysically based trend model was also used as a predictor of wells' wet/dry status. Although the numerical model outperformed the trend model, for both models, the central value of the intervals was a better predictor of a wet well status. The prediction interval, however, was more successful at identifying dry wells. Predictions made through the year 2048 indicated that 46% of the wells in the monitoring well network are likely to go dry in areas near the river and where the ground water mound is dissipating. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Freedman, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K9-36,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vicky.freedman@pnl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 916 EP 925 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 984SE UT WOS:000233323800019 PM 16324012 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Ansari, A Harper, FT AF Smith, JM Ansari, A Harper, FT TI Hospital management of mass radiological casualties: Reassessing exposures from contaminated victims of an exploded radiological dispersal device SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements CY APR 14-15, 2004 CL Arlington, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; terrorism; emergencies; radiological; emergency planning AB One of the key issues in the aftermath of an exploded radiological dispersal device from a terrorist event is that of the contaminated victim and the concern among healthcare providers for the harmful ex posures they may receive in treating patients, especially if the patient has not been thoroughly decontaminated. This is critically important in the event of mass casualties from a nuclear or radiological incident because of the essential rapidity of acute medical decisions and that those who have life- or limb-threatening injuries may have treatment unduly delayed by a decontamination process that may be unnecessary for protecting the health and safety of the patient or the healthcare provider. To estimate potential contamination of those exposed in a radiological dispersal device event, results were used from explosive aerosolization tests of surrogate radionuclides detonated with high explosives at the Sandia National Laboratories. Computer modeling was also used to assess radiation dose rates to surgical personnel treating patients with blast injuries who are contaminated with any of a variety of common radionuclides. It is demonstrated that exceptional but plausible cases may require special precautions by the healthcare provider, even while managing life-threatening injuries of a contaminated victim from a radiological dispersal device event. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, MS E-39,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jms5@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000175444.30788.75 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 973KI UT WOS:000232521000012 PM 16217195 ER PT J AU Wolbarst, AB Biwer, BM Cady, R Chen, SY Domotor, S Egidi, P LePoire, DJ Mo, T Peterson, J Walker, S AF Wolbarst, AB Biwer, BM Cady, R Chen, SY Domotor, S Egidi, P LePoire, DJ Mo, T Peterson, J Walker, S TI ISCORS catalog of references to parameter values and distributions used in environmental pathway modeling for cleanup of sites contaminated with radioactivity SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; peer review; safety standards; computers AB Sites Contaminated with Radioactivity is a web-based, indexed compilation of references, compendia, databases, and other sources of peer-reviewed information on parameters. It does not itself contain numerical point values or distributions for any particular parameter, but rather it provides links or directions to sites or other published materials where such information can be obtained. Designed to be user-friendly, easily searchable, and readily up-dateable, the Catalog is being filled, after some initial priming, mainly through on-line submissions of proposed references by the Catalog users themselves. The relevant information on a proposed reference is submitted to ISCORS in a simple, standardized formal; it is vetted (with acceptance criteria such as publication in a peer-reviewed technical journal, or appearance in a formally-issued federal agency report) and then added semi-automatically to the Catalog. Built around a relational database, the system offers subject- and text-search capabilities, provides information on parameter definitions and methods of measurement, on transport/exposure pathways, and on standard models and codes. The Catalog is intended for use by (and being populated by) the professionals, managers, and others involved or interested in the application of pathway modeling to estimate doses and risks associated with sites contaminated with radioactive or other hazardous materials. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20402 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Omaha, NE 68144 USA. RP Wolbarst, AB (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 89 IS 5 SU S BP S91 EP S99 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000177683.93443.f4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 974PL UT WOS:000232603800009 PM 16224267 ER PT J AU Bian, XH Chen, HB Zheng, SX Li, D AF Bian, XH Chen, HB Zheng, SX Li, D TI Simulation and experiment investigation of the coupling factor for waveguide loaded microwave electronic gun SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION LA Chinese DT Article DE coupling factor; coupler; microwave electronic gun; MAFIA AB To design the coupler of one kind of thermionic cathode microwave electronic gun, we apply the "energy method", which calculates the coupler factor between the waveguide and cavities of the electronic gun. So we can design the geometry size of the coupling iris. MAFIA code is used. Comparing with the experiment results, the simulating results is in agreement with measurement about 10%-30% deviation. "Energy method" is an efficient and simply method to calculate the coupler factor between cavities and waveguide. C1 Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-3052 J9 HIGH ENERG PHYS NUC JI High Energy Phys. Nucl. Phys.-Chin. Ed. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1091 EP 1094 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 984RZ UT WOS:000233323300013 ER PT J AU Huang, GQ Krig, S Kowbel, D Xu, HM Hyun, B Volik, S Feuerstein, B Mills, GB Stokoe, D Yaswen, P Collins, C AF Huang, GQ Krig, S Kowbel, D Xu, HM Hyun, B Volik, S Feuerstein, B Mills, GB Stokoe, D Yaswen, P Collins, C TI ZNF217 suppresses cell death associated with chemotherapy and telomere dysfunction SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; ZINC-FINGER PROTEINS; BREAST-CANCER; 20Q13.2 AMPLIFICATION; CHROMOSOMAL GAINS; OVARIAN-TUMORS; IN-SITU; APOPTOSIS; IMMORTALIZATION; CARCINOMAS AB Chromosome 20q13.2 is amplified in 20-30% of early-stage breast tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Detailed mapping of the amplified region using molecular cytogenetics, positional cloning and genomic sequencing culminated in a detailed molecular description of the candidate oncogene ZNF217. ZNF217 proteins resemble Kruppel-like transcription factors, localize predominately to the nucleus and associate with proteins involved in transcriptional repression. The findings that ZNF217 can immortalize human mammary epithelial cells and that its amplification is associated with poor prognosis suggest that it may play roles in both early- and late-stage breast cancer. We present evidence that ZNF217 can attenuate apoptotic signals resulting from telomere dysfunction as well as from doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and that silencing ZNF217 with siRNA restores sensitivity to doxorubicin. Moreover, elevated ZNF217 leads to increased phosphorylation of Akt, whereas inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway and Akt phosphorylation decreases ZNF217 protein levels and increases sensitivity to doxorubicin. These results suggest that ZNF217 may promote neoplastic transformation by increasing cell survival during telomeric crisis and may promote later stages of malignancy by increasing cell survival during chemotherapy. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, Brain Tumor Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Therapeut, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Collins, C (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, Box 0128, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM collins@cc.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA97527, P01 CA099031, P01 CA64602, R21 CA87522-01, P50 CA83639, CA85799]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS42927] NR 26 TC 43 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 14 IS 21 BP 3219 EP 3225 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddi352 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 976QR UT WOS:000232748800010 PM 16203743 ER PT J AU Fialips, CI Carey, JW Vaniman, DT Bish, DL Feldman, WC Mellon, MT AF Fialips, CI Carey, JW Vaniman, DT Bish, DL Feldman, WC Mellon, MT TI Hydration state of zeolites, clays, and hydrated salts under present-day martian surface conditions: Can hydrous minerals account for Mars Odyssey observations of near-equatorial water-equivalent hydrogen? SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars surface; mineralogy; geochemistry ID NEAPOLITAN YELLOW TUFF; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; GROUND ICE; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; STABILITY; SPECTROMETER; CHABAZITE; ROCKS; METEORITE; ASSEMBLAGES AB Thermodynamic data for several clays, zeolites, and MgSO4 salts were combined with calculated yearly mean temperatures and water-vapor pressures On the martian surface to predict mineral hydration states from low to middle latitudes. These predictions were used to evaluate whether the necessary amount and distribution of hydrous minerals were compatible with the Mars Odyssey observations of water-equivalent hydrogen (WEH). Our results indicate that zeolites like chabazite or clay minerals like Ca-montmorillonite would have to be unrealistically abundant in the martian soil (as much as 55 wt%) while Mg-sulfate hydrates at concentrations between 2 and 11 wt% could account for the WEH. However. the geographic distribution of WEH is incompatible with a uniformly distributed mineralogy in equilibrium with the annual mean P-T environment. A heterogeneous distribution of a mixture of different hydrous minerals, reflecting a heterogeneous Mars surface geology, may better explain a significant portion of the observed near-equatorial WEH. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Drummond Bldg, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM c.i.m.fialips@newcastle.ac.uk RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016 NR 57 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.020 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977ZA UT WOS:000232840800007 ER PT J AU Jakosky, BM Mellon, MT Varnes, ES Feldman, WC Boynton, WV Haberle, RM AF Jakosky, BM Mellon, MT Varnes, ES Feldman, WC Boynton, WV Haberle, RM TI Mars low-latitude neutron distribution: Possible remnant near-surface water ice and a mechanism for its recent emplacement (vol 175, pg 58, 2005) SO ICARUS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Jakosky, BM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bruce.jakosky@lasp.colorado.edu RI Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 178 IS 1 BP 291 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.07.002 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 977ZA UT WOS:000232840800027 ER PT J AU Campbell, PL AF Campbell, PL TI The denial-of-service dance SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM plcampb@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 EI 1558-4046 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 3 IS 6 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1109/MSP.2005.162 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 990WA UT WOS:000233772700008 ER PT J AU Suh, YS Carroll, MS Levy, RA Bisognin, G De Salvador, D Sahiner, MA King, CA AF Suh, YS Carroll, MS Levy, RA Bisognin, G De Salvador, D Sahiner, MA King, CA TI Implantation and activation of high concentrations of boron in germanium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE annealing; boron; germanium; ion implantation ID BEAM-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; ION-IMPLANTATION; SILICON; DIFFUSION; LAYERS; GE; SI AB There is renewed interest in the development of Ge-based devices. Implantation and dopant activation are critical process steps for future Ge devices fabrication. Boron is a common p-type dopant, which remarkably is active immediately after implantation in Ge at low doses. This paper examines the effect of increasing dose (i.e., 5 x 10(13) - 5 X 10(16) cm(-2)) and subsequent annealing (400 degrees C-800 degrees C for 3 h in nitrogen) on activation and diffusion of boron in Ge. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), spreading resistance profiling (SRP), high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) are used to characterize the implants before and after annealing. It is found that very high fractions of the boron dose (similar to 5 %-55 %) can be incorporated substitutionally immediately after implantation leading to very high hole concentrations, >= 2 X loll cm(-3), deduced from SRP. Small increases in activation after annealing are observed, however, 100% activation is not indicated by either SRP or NRA. Negligible diffusion after annealing at either 400 degrees C or 600 degrees C for 3 h was, furthermore, observed. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Padua, MATIS, INFM, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Evans E, E Windsor, NJ 08520 USA. RP Suh, YS (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM yss2893@njit.edu OI De Salvador, Davide/0000-0002-1879-1010 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD NOV PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11 BP 2416 EP 2421 DI 10.1109/TED.2005.857183 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 978UJ UT WOS:000232898200009 ER PT J AU Frachtenberg, E Feitelson, DG Petrini, F Fernandez, J AF Frachtenberg, E Feitelson, DG Petrini, F Fernandez, J TI Adaptive parallel job scheduling with flexible coscheduling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE cluster computing; load balancing; job scheduling; gang scheduling; parallel architectures; flexible coscheduling AB Many scientific and high-performance computing applications consist of multiple processes running on different processors that communicate frequently. Because of their synchronization needs, these applications can suffer severe performance penalties if their processes are not all coscheduled to run together. Two common approaches to coscheduling jobs are batch scheduling, wherein nodes are dedicated for the duration of the run, and gang scheduling, wherein time slicing is coordinated across processors. Both work well when jobs are load-balanced and make use of the entire parallel machine. However, these conditions are rarely met and most realistic workloads consequently suffer from both internal and external fragmentation, in which resources and processors are left idle because jobs cannot be packed with perfect efficiency. This situation leads to reduced utilization and suboptimal performance. Flexible CoScheduling (FCS) addresses this problem by monitoring each job's computation granularity and communication pattern and scheduling jobs based on their synchronization and load-balancing requirements. In particular, jobs that do not require stringent synchronization are identified, and are not coscheduled; instead, these processes are used to reduce fragmentation. FCS has been fully implemented on top of the STORM resource manager on a 256-processor Alpha cluster and compared to batch, gang, and implicit coscheduling algorithms. This paper describes in detail the implementation of FCS and its performance evaluation with a variety of workloads, including large-scale benchmarks, scientific applications, and dynamic workloads. The experimental results show that FCS saturates at higher loads than other algorithms (up to 54 percent higher in some cases), and displays lower response times and slowdown than the other algorithms in nearly all scenarios. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS3, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Comp Sci & Engn, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Murcia, Fac Informat, Dept Ingn & Tecnol Comp, E-30071 Murcia, Spain. RP Frachtenberg, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS3, Comp & Computat Sci Div, MX B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eitanf@lanl.gov; feit@cs.huji.ac.il; fabrizio@lanl.gov; juanf@um.es NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1066 EP 1077 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2005.130 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 965YO UT WOS:000231987000005 ER PT J AU Luengo Hendriks, CL van Vliet, LJ AF Luengo Hendriks, CL van Vliet, LJ TI Using line segments as structuring elements for sampling-invariant measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE mathematical morphology; granulometry; rotation invariance; translation invariance ID ALGORITHM AB When performing measurements in digitized images, the pixel pitch does not necessarily limit the attainable accuracy. Proper sampling of a band-limited continuous-domain image preserves all information present in the image prior to digitization. It is therefore (theoretically) possible to obtain measurements from the digitized image that are identical to measurements made in the continuous domain. Such measurements are sampling invariant, since they are independent of the chosen sampling grid. It is impossible to attain strict sampling invariance for filters in mathematical morphology due to their nonlinearity, but it is possible to approximate sampling invariance with arbitrary accuracy at the expense of additional computational cost. In this paper, we study morphological filters with line segments as structuring elements. We present a comparison of three known and three new methods to implement these filters. The method that yields a good compromise between accuracy and computational cost employs a (subpixel) skew to the image, followed by filtering along the grid axes using a discrete line segment, followed by an inverse skew. The staircase approximations to line segments under random orientations can be modeled by skewing a horizontal or vertical line segment. Rather than skewing the binary line segment we skew the image data, which substantially reduces quantization error. We proceed to determine the optimal number of orientations to use when measuring the length of line segments with unknown orientation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Quantitat Imaging Grp, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 84R171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clluengo@lbl.gov; L.J.vanVliet@ph.tn.tudelft.nl RI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./B-1097-2008; van Vliet, Lucas/E-1678-2012 OI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./0000-0002-8279-1760; van Vliet, Lucas/0000-0001-7018-726X NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1826 EP 1831 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.228 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 963SN UT WOS:000231826300012 PM 16285380 ER PT J AU Lesieutre, BC Hiskens, IA AF Lesieutre, BC Hiskens, IA TI Convexity of the set of feasible injections and revenue adequacy in FTR markets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE convexity; financial transmission rights (FTRs); optimization methods; power flow analysis; power system economics ID RIGHTS; TRANSMISSION AB The feasible set of power injections for the constrained power flow equations is nonconvex when practical transmission capacity and bus voltage limits are imposed. The projection onto the space of active power injections may be "close" to convex, but this is not sufficient to guarantee revenue adequacy for the settlement of financial transmission rights. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lesieutre, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM BCLesieutre@lbl.gov; hiskens@engr.wisc.edu NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1790 EP 1798 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.857268 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 979VM UT WOS:000232973100015 ER PT J AU Donde, V Hiskens, IA AF Donde, V Hiskens, IA TI Dynamic performance assessment: Grazing and related phenomena SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE boundary value problems; dynamic performance assessment; grazing phenomena; nonlinear nonsmooth system dynamics; shooting methods ID BORDER-COLLISION BIFURCATIONS; THYRISTOR CONTROLLED REACTOR; SWITCHING TIME BIFURCATIONS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; IMPACT OSCILLATORS; POWER-SYSTEMS AB Performance specifications place restrictions on the dynamic response of many systems, including power systems. Quantitative assessment of performance requires knowledge of the bounding conditions under which specifications are only just satisfied. In many cases, this limiting behavior can be related to grazing phenomena, where the system trajectory makes tangential contact with a performance constraint. Other limiting behavior can be related to time-driven event triggering. In all cases, pivotal limiting conditions can be formulated as boundary value problems. Numerical shooting methods provide efficient solution of such problems. Dynamic performance assessment is illustrated in the paper using examples drawn from protection operation, transient voltage overshoot, and induction motor stalling. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Donde, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM VDonde@lbl.gov; hiskens@engr.wisc.edu NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1967 EP 1975 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.856990 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 979VM UT WOS:000232973100034 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Smith, SF AF Moore, MR Smith, SF TI Do the hybrid hop SO INTECH LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, RF & Microwave Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, RF & Microwave Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTRUMENT SOCIETY AMERICA PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 67 ALEXANDER DRIVE, P O BOX 12277, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0192-303X J9 INTECH JI Intech PD NOV PY 2005 VL 52 IS 11 BP 38 EP 40 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 983YH UT WOS:000233267800015 ER PT J AU Chakraborti, A Santhanam, MS AF Chakraborti, A Santhanam, MS TI Financial and other spatio-temporal time series: Long-range correlations and spectral properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE financial time series; spatio temporal data; GARCH; coupled map lattice ID FLUCTUATIONS; MATRICES; DYNAMICS; RETURNS; PATTERN; PRICES; MODELS AB In this paper, we review some of the properties of financial and other spatio-temporal time series generated from coupled map lattices, GARCH(1,1) processes and random processes (for which analytical results are known). We use the Hurst exponent (R/S analysis) and detrended fluctuation analysis as the tools to study the long-time correlations in the time series. We also compare the eigenvalue properties of the empirical correlation matrices, especially in relation to random matrices. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM anirban@bnl.gov; santh@prl.ernet.in RI Chakraborti, Anirban/A-4565-2010 OI Chakraborti, Anirban/0000-0002-6235-0204 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0129-1831 EI 1793-6586 J9 INT J MOD PHYS C JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. C PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1733 EP 1743 DI 10.1142/S0129183105008230 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 002ON UT WOS:000234620900005 ER PT J AU Liang, JF Signorini, C AF Liang, JF Signorini, C TI Fusion induced by radioactive ion beams SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE radioactive beams; fusion; breakup reaction; coupled-channel calculation ID COUPLED-CHANNEL CALCULATIONS; SUBBARRIER FUSION; COULOMB BARRIER; CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS; NUCLEON-TRANSFER; NEUTRON HALO; ENHANCEMENT; ENERGIES; BREAKUP AB The use of radioactive beams opens a new frontier for fusion studies. The coupling to the continuum can be explored with very loosely bound nuclei. Experiments were performed with beams of nuclei at or near the proton and neutron drip-lines to measure fusion and associated reactions in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. In addition, the fusion yield is predicted to be enhanced in reactions involving very neutron-rich unstable nuclei. Experimental measurements were carried out to investigate if it is feasible to use such beams to produce new heavy elements. The current status of these experimental activities is given in this review. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Univ Padua, Dept Phys, I-35120 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35120 Padua, Italy. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM liang@mail.phy.ornl.gov; cosimo.signorini@pd.infn.it NR 88 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 EI 1793-6608 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1121 EP 1150 DI 10.1142/S021830130500382X PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 000GU UT WOS:000234450000001 ER PT J AU Harris, L Kotamarthi, VR AF Harris, L Kotamarthi, VR TI The characteristics of the Chicago Lake breeze and its effects on trace particle transport: Results from an episodic event simulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-POLLUTION; MODELING SYSTEM; MICHIGAN OZONE; SEA-BREEZE; REANALYSIS; RAMS AB The lake-breeze circulation that forms over Lake Michigan during the summer influences the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan area's weather in several ways. Of particular significance is the circulation's effect on the dispersion of pollutants such as ozone and aerosols produced in and around the city. To investigate these effects, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) was used to perform numerical simulations for two lake-breeze events-one in July 1999 and another in July 2002. The model runs were verified with data from several locations around the Chicago area. The simulated breeze circulation decreased the rate of increase in air temperature while penetrating roughly 12 km inland and lasting about 8 h, in reasonable agreement with observations. Furthermore, the inland penetration distance was related to the strength of the maximum vertical velocity within the front. Calculations of trajectories and transport of particles showed that the breeze tended to transport particles trapped within it to the north when release occurred before the circulation came ashore, whereas particles released at the time of the breeze's landfall or afterward moved more northeasterly, in the direction of the prevailing wind. Thirty-four percent of all released particles were trapped by the circulation and raised to a height of at least 300 m, and 20% of the particles remained in the lowest 100 m above the surface. In addition, sensitivity tests showed little change in the modeled breeze when measured surface temperatures for Lake Michigan were used as initial conditions and boundary conditions in the place of surface skin temperature ( as derived by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction). Raising the lake temperatures significantly in the simulation yielded a more elongated vertical circulation and a briefer lake-breeze event that did not reach as far inland. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Geog, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Math Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Kotamarthi, VR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203 J171,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vrkotamarthi@anl.gov OI Kotamarthi, Veerabhadra Rao/0000-0002-2612-7590 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1637 EP 1654 DI 10.1175/JAM2301.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 993YC UT WOS:000233994100001 ER PT J AU Foley, EL Levinton, FM AF Foley, EL Levinton, FM TI Sensitive dependence of hydrogen Balmer-alpha laser-induced fluorescence signal from hydrogen neutral beam on background magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3 STARK STATES; METASTABLE HYDROGEN; PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; COHERENT EXCITATION; SPHERICAL TOKAMAK; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ATOMS; TORUS AB A previously unreported result for the dependence of a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signal from the H-alpha (Balmer-alpha) transition in a hydrogen neutral beam passing through a background of neutral hydrogen gas is presented. The LIF signal from a 30 kV beam is found to be enhanced and the fine-structure line amplitudes in the H-alpha spectrum are seen to vary significantly with an applied perpendicular magnetic field over the range of 0-0.01 T. The phenomenon has also been observed and investigated in a background electric field of similar to 0-300 V/cm, and in the presence of crossed perpendicular magnetic and electric fields, demonstrating that the magnetic-field effect is due to the motional Stark electric field perceived in the beam reference frame as it passes through the magnetic field. The effect has been studied with variations of background neutral gas pressure, laser power, and polarization direction and at different locations along the neutral beamline. The phenomenon could be exploited as a low-field diagnostic technique in environments that are not appropriate for magnetic probes. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Foley, EL (reprint author), Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM foley@novaphotonics.com NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093101 DI 10.1063/1.2121935 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700001 ER PT J AU Gfroerer, TH Gillespie, CE Campbell, JP Wanlass, MW AF Gfroerer, TH Gillespie, CE Campbell, JP Wanlass, MW TI Deep donor-acceptor pair recombination in InGaAs-based heterostructures grown on InP substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAND; GAP; EMISSION AB We are investigating a series of lattice-matched InxGa1-xAs/InAsyP1-y double heterostructures with indium concentrations ranging between x = 0.53 and x =0.78. The double heterostructures incorporating indium-rich alloys (x > 0.53) experience lattice mismatch relative to the InP substrate. Previous work has produced convincing but indirect evidence that the distribution of defect levels in the InxGa1-xAs changes dramatically when the epistructure deviates from the lattice-matched condition. In particular, deep midgap states appear to give way to shallower near-band-edge states with increasing mismatch. Here, we report sub-band-gap photoluminescence measurements that explore these changes directly. We observe a broad low-energy peak in the spectra of the lattice-matched and nearly lattice-matched epistructures that is not present in the more mismatched case. The sub-band-gap emission blueshifts and grows superlinearly with photoexcitation up to and exceeding 1000 W/cm(2). This unusual behavior is attributed to transitions between ordinary acceptor levels and deep, defect-related donorlike states. We find no evidence for the shallower defect states that we expected to arise with increasing lattice mismatch. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Davidson Coll, Dept Phys, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gfroerer, TH (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Dept Phys, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. EM tigfroerer@davidson.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093708 DI 10.1063/1.2126153 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700047 ER PT J AU Ho, JC Specht, P Yang, Q Xu, X Hao, D Weber, ER AF Ho, JC Specht, P Yang, Q Xu, X Hao, D Weber, ER TI Effects of stoichiometry on electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium nitride SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; INN; ABSORPTION; FILMS AB A series of indium nitride (InN) epilayers with different excess indium (In) concentration are grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on (0001) sapphire substrates. The increasing excess In concentration of the epilayers correlates with an increasing free-electron concentration and a decreasing electron mobility. Photoluminescence (PL) illustrates a 0.77-0.84 eV transition for all samples with a redshift in the peak energy with increasing In concentration (for the highest free-electron concentration of 4 x 10(21) cm(-3)). This suggests that the similar to 0.8 eV PL transition is not consistent with the band-edge transition in InN. Moreover, an additional PL transition at 0.75 eV along with the In clusters observed in transmission electron microscopy analysis are found only in the 29% excess In sample. This implies a relationship between the new PL transition and the presence of In clusters. Finally, secondary-ion mass spectrometry is used to verify that the contamination, especially hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) impurities, has no influence on the redshift of the similar to 0.8 eV PL peaks and the existence of the additional 0.75 eV peak in the sample containing In clusters. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ho, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 330 HMMB, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcho@berkeley.edu RI Ho, Johnny/K-5275-2012 OI Ho, Johnny/0000-0003-3000-8794 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093712 DI 10.1063/1.2130514 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700051 ER PT J AU Kang, BS Kim, DH Anderson, E Fischer, P Cho, G AF Kang, BS Kim, DH Anderson, E Fischer, P Cho, G TI Polarization-modulated magnetic soft-x-ray transmission microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; DICHROISM; DOMAINS AB An adjustable aperture element has been integrated into the full-field soft-x-ray microscope at the Advanced Light Source to select either the right or left elliptically polarized x rays emitted at an inclined angle from a bending magnet. Magnetic contrast recorded at the Fe L-3 edge in a 59-nm-thin Gd25Fe75 layer can be modulated and scales with the degree of circular polarization in agreement with theoretical calculations. Nonmagnetic background contributions can be reduced and magnetic contrast is enhanced by comparing two images taken with opposite circular polarization. The fast modulation speed of this technique allows for lock-in recording schemes in high-resolution magnetic soft-x-ray microscopy. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Kang, BS (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pjfischer@lbl.gov RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Cho, Gyuseong/C-1527-2011; Kim, Dong-Hyun/F-7195-2012 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093907 DI 10.1063/1.2128051 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700060 ER PT J AU Lee, H Kang, YS Cho, SJ Xiao, B Morkoc, H Kang, TD Lee, GS Li, J Wei, SH Snyder, PG Evans, JT AF Lee, H Kang, YS Cho, SJ Xiao, B Morkoc, H Kang, TD Lee, GS Li, J Wei, SH Snyder, PG Evans, JT TI Dielectric functions and electronic band structure of lead zirconate titanate thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; TECHNOLOGY; CERAMICS AB We measure pseudodielectric functions in the visible-deep ultraviolet spectral range of Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3 (x=0.2,0.56,0.82) (PZT), Pb0.98Nb0.04(Zr0.2Ti0.8)(0.96)O-3, Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.65Ti0.35)(0.98)O-3, and Pb0.85La0.15Ti0.96O3 films grown on platinized silicon substrates using a sol-gel method and on (0001) sapphire using a radio-frequency sputtering method. Using a parametric optical constant model, we estimate the dielectric functions (epsilon) of the perovskite oxide thin films. Taking the second derivative of the fitted layer dielectric functions and using the standard critical-point model, we determine the parameters of the critical points. In the second derivative spectra, the lowest band-gap energy peak near 4 eV is fitted as a double peak for annealed PZTs due to the perovskite phase. As-grown PZTs have mainly pyrochlore phase and the lowest band-gap peak is fitted as a single peak. We also examine the effect of dopants La and Nb, which substitute at Pb and Zr (Ti) sites, respectively. We found three band gaps E-a (similar to 3.9 eV), E-b (similar to 4.5 eV), and E-c (similar to 6.5 eV) in the order of increasing energy. The E-a and E-b band-gap energies were not sensitive to Zr composition. We discuss the change of critical-point parameters for PZTs in comparison to the band-structure calculations based on local-density approximation. The near constancy of the lowest band-gap energy independent of Zr composition is consistent with the band-structure calculations. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 449701, South Korea. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Radiant Technol Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Lee, H (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 601 W Main St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM hlee@khu.ac.kr NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 094108 DI 10.1063/1.2128043 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700069 ER PT J AU Ptak, AJ Friedman, DJ Kurtz, S Reedy, RC AF Ptak, AJ Friedman, DJ Kurtz, S Reedy, RC TI Low-acceptor-concentration GaInNAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy for high-current p-i-n solar cell applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED LUMINESCENCE EFFICIENCY; INDUCED DEFECT COMPLEXES; NITROGEN SOLUBILITY; INGAASN; GAASN; VACANCIES; ORIGIN AB We report GaInNAs grown by solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) with background acceptor concentrations less than 10(14) cm(-3), yielding depletion widths in excess of 3 mu m. GaInNAs p-i-n solar cells fabricated from this low-acceptor-concentration material show greatly increased photocurrents and internal quantum efficiencies close to unity for band gaps as low as 1.15 eV. The low acceptor concentrations may be due to low levels of background impurities, such as hydrogen and carbon, in the MBE-grown layers. We discuss the dependence of the acceptor concentration on the substrate temperature used for GaInNAs growth. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ptak, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aaron_ptak@nrel.gov NR 28 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 094501 DI 10.1063/1.2113414 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700089 ER PT J AU Roy, UN Cui, Y Miles, R Burger, A Goldstein, JT Bell, ZW Carpenter, DA AF Roy, UN Cui, Y Miles, R Burger, A Goldstein, JT Bell, ZW Carpenter, DA TI Micro-Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies of horizontal Bridgman-grown AgGaSe2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; LATTICE-VIBRATIONS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SOLAR-CELLS; SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE; EFFICIENCY; DYNAMICS; DEFECTS; FILMS AB AgGaSe2 crystals grown by the horizontal Bridgman technique were studied by room-temperature micro-Raman scattering and low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The most intense Raman line observed had the frequency of 177 cm(-1), corresponding to the Gamma(1)(W-1) mode. The measurements were performed along the direction of growth of the boule and the line frequency was found to be almost constant within the experimental accuracy. The average full width at half maximum of the Gamma(1)(W-1) mode was found to be 4.6 cm(-1) and its insignificant variation along the ingot suggests its structural and compositional uniformities. At low temperature (8 K), the main PL peak at 1.772 eV is due to donor-acceptor-pair recombination. A doublet in the excitonic peak, observed at that temperature, suggests a reduced inhomogeneous broadening and the better crystallinity of the sample, when compared with the previous literature. The dispersion of the various PL peaks along the length of the ingot was also found negligible, which indicates the compositional homogeneity and the uniform distribution of the intrinsic defects. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Security Complex Y12, BWXT Y12, LLC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Roy, UN (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM aburger@fisk.edu OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093523 DI 10.1063/1.2127128 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700034 ER PT J AU Swift, DC Niemczura, JG Paisley, DL Johnson, RP Hauer, A Hackenberg, RE Cooley, J Thoma, D Ackland, GJ AF Swift, DC Niemczura, JG Paisley, DL Johnson, RP Hauer, A Hackenberg, RE Cooley, J Thoma, D Ackland, GJ TI Thermodynamically complete equations of state for nickel-titanium alloy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; MOLECULES; BEHAVIOR; NITI AB A thermodynamically complete equation of state for the compression and heating of near-equiatomic Ni-Ti alloy in the CsCl (B2) structure was predicted, based on quantum-mechanical calculations of the electron ground states and a Gruneisen lattice-thermal model. The quantum-mechanical calculations used ab initio pseudopotentials and the local-density approximation; the accuracy of the calculations was investigated for elemental Ni and Ti. These calculations demonstrated that simple averaging techniques do not provide an accurate prediction of the properties of metal alloys, and rigorous treatment of the electron wave functions is needed. Predictions were also made of the behavior of NiTi under uniaxial loading. The pressure-density relation obtained from isotropic compression did not match the mean pressure calculated from uniaxial compression, demonstrating that it is not generally accurate to split the stress response of a material into a scalar equation of state and a stress deviator according to the usual prescription. Polycrystalline NiTi samples were prepared with a range of compositions, in the form of disks from 100 to 400 mu m thick and 5 mm in diameter. Flyer impact experiments were performed using a long-pulse laser drive at the TRIDENT facility to obtain shock wave data on the response of NiTi to around 15 GPa; the new data were consistent with the published results from gas gun experiments. The theoretical equation of state was consistent with the shock wave data. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dswift@lanl.gov RI Cooley, Jason/E-4163-2013; Ackland, Graeme/H-2215-2015 OI Ackland, Graeme/0000-0002-1205-7675 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 093512 DI 10.1063/1.2103419 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700023 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Baer, DR Thomas, LE Amonette, JE Antony, J Qiang, Y Duscher, G AF Wang, CM Baer, DR Thomas, LE Amonette, JE Antony, J Qiang, Y Duscher, G TI Void formation during early stages of passivation: Initial oxidation of iron nanoparticles at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; OXIDE SHELL; LEED-AES; PARTICLES; SURFACES; FE(100); OXYGEN; FILM; PHOTOEMISSION AB The examination of nanoparticles allows study of some processes and mechanisms that are not as easily observed for films or other types of studies in which sample preparation artifacts have been the cause of some uncertainties. Microstructure of iron nanoparticles passivated with iron oxide shell was studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field imaging in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Voids were readily observed on both small single-crystal alpha-Fe nanoparticles formed in a sputtering process and the more complex particles created by reduction of an oxide by hydrogen. Although the formation of hollow spheres of nanoparticles has been engineered for Co at higher temperatures [Y. Yin, R. M. Riou, C. K. Erdonmez, S. Hughes, G. A. Somorjari, and A. P. Alivisatos, Science 304, 711 (2004)], they occur for iron at room temperature and provide insight into the initial oxidation processes of iron. There exists a critical size of similar to 8 nm for which the iron has been fully oxidized, leading to a hollow iron-oxide nanoparticle. For particles larger than the critical size, an iron/iron-oxide core-shell structure was formed and voids reside at the interface between the oxide shell and the iron core. The present observation provides new insight for tailoring of metal/metal-oxide core-shell structured nanoparticles for applications related to optics, magnetism, and nanoelectronics. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongmin.wang@pnl.gov RI Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 42 TC 145 Z9 147 U1 9 U2 92 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 98 IS 9 AR 094308 DI 10.1063/1.2130890 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 984KV UT WOS:000233304700083 ER PT J AU Oda, Y Samanta, SK Rey, FE Wu, LY Liu, XD Yan, TF Zhou, JZ Harwood, CS AF Oda, Y Samanta, SK Rey, FE Wu, LY Liu, XD Yan, TF Zhou, JZ Harwood, CS TI Functional genomic analysis of three nitrogenase isozymes in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; BENZOATE; DEGRADATION AB The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris is one of just a few prokaryotes described so far that has vnf and anf genes for alternative vanadium cofactor (V) and iron cofactor (Fe) nitrogenases in addition to nif genes for a molybdenum cofactor (Mo) nitrogenase. Transcriptome data indicated that the 32 genes in the nif gene cluster, but not the anf or vnf genes, were induced in wild-type and Mo nitrogenase-expressing strains grown under nitrogen-fixing conditions in Mo-containing medium. Strains that were unable to express a functional Mo nitrogenase due to mutations in Mo nitrogenase structural genes synthesized functional V and Fe nitrogenases and expressed vnf and anf genes in nitrogen-fixing growth media that contained Mo and V at concentrations far in excess of those that repress alternative nitrogenase gene expression in other bacteria. Thus, not only does R. palustris have multiple enzymatic options for nitrogen fixation, but in contrast to reports on other nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the expression of its alternative nitrogenases is not repressed by transition metals. Between 95 and 295 genes that are not directly associated with nitrogenase synthesis and assembly were induced under nitrogen-fixing conditions, depending on which nitrogenase was being used by R. palustris. Genes for nitrogen acquisition were expressed at particularly high levels during alternative nitrogenase-dependent growth. This suggests that alternative nitrogenase-expressing cells are relatively starved for nitrogen and raises the possibility that fixed nitrogen availability may be the primary signal that controls the synthesis of the V and Fe nitrogenases. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cent S Univ, Sch Minerals Proc & Bioengn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Harwood, CS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Box 357424,1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM csh5@u.washington.edu NR 38 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 187 IS 22 BP 7784 EP 7794 DI 10.1128/JB.187.22.7784-7794.2005 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 985TA UT WOS:000233400200025 PM 16267302 ER PT J AU Aramini, JM Swapna, GVT Huang, YJ Rajan, PK Xiao, R Shastry, R Acton, TB Cort, JR Kennedy, MA Montelione, GT AF Aramini, JM Swapna, GVT Huang, YJ Rajan, PK Xiao, R Shastry, R Acton, TB Cort, JR Kennedy, MA Montelione, GT TI H-1, C-13, and N-15 resonance assignments for Escherichia coli ytfP, a member of the broadly conserved UPF0131 protein domain family SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Montelione, GT (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM guy@cabm.rutgers.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD NOV PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 197 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s10858-005-2597-Z PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 991CR UT WOS:000233790400007 PM 16331424 ER PT J AU Rossi, P Ramelot, SST Xiao, R Ho, CK Ma, LC Acton, TB Kennedy, MA Montelione, GT AF Rossi, P Ramelot, SST Xiao, R Ho, CK Ma, LC Acton, TB Kennedy, MA Montelione, GT TI H-1, C-13, and N-15 resonance assignments for the protein coded by gene locus BB0938 of Bordetella bronchiseptica SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, NESG, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, NESG, Richland, WA 99352 USA. UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Rossi, P (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, NESG, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM prossi@cabm.rutgers.edu; guy@cabm.rutgers.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD NOV PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 197 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s10858-005-2593-3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 991CR UT WOS:000233790400006 PM 16331425 ER PT J AU Heyd, J Peralta, JE Scuseria, GE Martin, RL AF Heyd, J Peralta, JE Scuseria, GE Martin, RL TI Energy band gaps and lattice parameters evaluated with the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB This work assesses the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) screened Coulomb hybrid density functional for the prediction of lattice constants and band gaps using a set of 40 simple and binary semiconductors. An extensive analysis of both basis set and relativistic effects is given. Results are compared with established pure density functionals. For lattice constants, HSE outperforms local spin-density approximation (LSDA) with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.037 A for HSE vs 0.047 A for LSDA. For this specific test set, all pure functionals tested produce MAEs for band gaps of 1.0-1.3 eV, consistent with the very well-known fact that pure functionals severely underestimate this property. On the other hand, HSE yields a MAE smaller than 0.3 eV. Importantly, HSE correctly predicts semiconducting behavior in systems where pure functionals erroneously predict a metal, such as, for instance, Ge. The short-range nature of the exchange integrals involved in HSE calculations makes their computation notably faster than regular hybrid functionals. The current results, paired with earlier work, suggest that HSE is a fast and accurate alternative to established density functionals, especially for solid state calculations. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst Transactinium Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM guscus@rice.edu RI Peralta, Juan/C-2631-2008; Peralta, Juan/C-3978-2008; Scuseria, Gustavo/F-6508-2011 OI Peralta, Juan/0000-0003-2849-8472; Peralta, Juan/0000-0003-2849-8472; NR 68 TC 544 Z9 545 U1 12 U2 100 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 123 IS 17 AR 174101 DI 10.1063/1.2085170 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 980JH UT WOS:000233014300002 PM 16375511 ER PT J AU Wijesinghe, AM Rard, JA AF Wijesinghe, AM Rard, JA TI Conversion and optimization of the parameters from an extended form of the ion-interaction model for Ca(NO3)(2)(aq) and NaNO3(aq) to those of the standard Pitzer model, and an assessment of the accuracy of the parameter temperature representations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Pitzer's model; Archer's model; ion-interaction model; aqueous electrolyte; calcium nitrate; sodium nitrate; parameter optimization; parameter correlations ID CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; HIGHER-ORDER TERMS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; NATURAL-WATERS; ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; SYSTEM; EQUATIONS; MULTICOMPONENT AB The electrolytes Ca(NO3)(2)(aq) and NaNO3(aq) are both extremely soluble but differ in several important respects. Ca(NO3)(2)(aq) has complex behavior at low ionic strengths and forms several thermodynamically stable and metastable solid phases, whereas NaNO3(aq) forms only an anhydrous solid phase. The thermodynamic properties of both have previously been modeled using extended Pitzer ion-interaction models that include higher-order virial terms, in addition to those of the standard Pitzer model. The parameters of the original Pitzer model, however, are often needed for thermodynamic modeling calculations. In this paper, we convert the parameters of the extended ion-interaction models for Ca(NO3)(2)(aq) and NaNO3(aq) to the standard Pitzer model using an extension of the methodology previously described by Rard and Wijesinghe [J. Chem. Thermodyn. 35 (2003) 439-473]. In this variant, the exponential coefficient alpha(1)(P) of Pitzer's model is also optimized to yield the most accurate overall representation of the osmotic coefficients phi over the ionic strength and temperature ranges of interest. The optimal values of alpha(1)(P) = 0.87 kg(1/2 center dot) mol(-1/2) for Ca(NO3)(2)(aq) and alpha(1)(P) = 1.43 kg(1/2) center dot mol(-1/2) for NaNO3(aq) are smaller than the value alpha(1)(P) = 2.00 kg(1/2) center dot mol(-1/2) normally used for electrolytes of these valence types. In both cases, the accuracy of the osmotic coefficients predicted by the standard Pitzer model was nearly equal to that of the extended Pitzer model up to the solubility limit for T = (298.15 to 423.15) K. This result is consistent with the findings of Rard, Wijesinghe, and Wolery [J. Chem. Eng. Data 49 (2004) 1127-1140] who obtained a substantial improvement in model accuracy for Mg(NO3)(2)(aq) at T = 298.15 K by optimizing alpha(1)(P). The use of a temperature-dependent alpha(1)(P) that is optimal at each temperature did not yield a significant improvement in accuracy over using a constant optimal value. We also investigated the impact of choosing different temperature functions to develop temperature correlations for the Pitzer parameters. Higher-order temperature functions were needed for evaluations with solubility limited maximum ionic strength compared to evaluations performed at constant maximum ionic strength over the temperature range, especially for Ca(NO3)(2)(aq) because of its more complex thermodynamic behavior. Accurate temperature correlations are presented for both Ca(NO3)(2)(aq) and NaNO3(aq). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rard, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rard1@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1196 EP 1218 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2005.02.013 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 975EB UT WOS:000232642700006 ER PT J AU Bala, G Caldeira, K Mirin, A Wickett, M Delire, C AF Bala, G Caldeira, K Mirin, A Wickett, M Delire, C TI Multiceutury changes to the global climate and carbon cycle: Results from a coupled climate and carbon cycle model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; FOREST DIEBACK; LAND-USE; SENSITIVITY; VEGETATION; FEEDBACK AB A coupled climate and carbon (CO2) cycle model is used to investigate the global climate and carbon cycle changes out to the year 2300 that would occur if CO2 emissions from all the currently estimated fossil fuel resources were released to the atmosphere. By the year 2300, the global climate warms by about 8 K and atmospheric CO2 reaches 1423 ppmv. The warming is higher than anticipated because the sensitivity to radiative forcing increases as the simulation progresses. In this simulation, the rate of emissions peaks at over 30 Pg C yr(-1) early in the twenty-second century. Even at the year 2300, nearly 50% of cumulative emissions remain in the atmosphere. Both soils and living biomass are net carbon sinks throughout the simulation. Despite having relatively low climate sensitivity and strong carbon uptake by the land biosphere, these model projections suggest severe long-term consequences for global climate if all the fossil fuel carbon is ultimately released into the atmosphere. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Montpellier 2, ISE M, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bala1@llnl.gov RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011 NR 69 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 21 BP 4531 EP 4544 DI 10.1175/JCLI3542.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 990LL UT WOS:000233744400014 ER PT J AU U'Ren, JM Van Ert, MN Schupp, JM Easterday, WR Simonson, TS Okinaka, RT Pearson, T Keim, P AF U'Ren, JM Van Ert, MN Schupp, JM Easterday, WR Simonson, TS Okinaka, RT Pearson, T Keim, P TI Use of a real-time PCR TaqMan assay for rapid identification and differentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; MELIOIDOSIS; THAILANDENSIS; GENE AB A TaqMan allelic-discrimination assay designed around a synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism was used to genotype Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei isolates. The assay rapidly identifies and discriminates between these two highly pathogenic bacteria and does not cross-react with genetic near neighbors, such as Burkholderia thailandensis and Burkholderia cepacia. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keim, P (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Paul.Keim@nau.edu RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Easterday, W. Ryan/M-6732-2015 OI Easterday, W. Ryan/0000-0001-5865-7062 NR 19 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 IS 11 BP 5771 EP 5774 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5771-5774.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 984NS UT WOS:000233312200054 PM 16272516 ER PT J AU Hittinger, JAF Dorr, MR Berger, RL Williams, EA AF Hittinger, JAF Dorr, MR Berger, RL Williams, EA TI Simulating time-dependent energy transfer between crossed laser beams in an expanding plasma SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE laser plasma interaction; forward Brillouin scattering; numerical algorithms; paraxial wave equation; coupled mode equations; differential-algebraic systems ID STIMULATED BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; POWER TRANSFER; FLOWING PLASMA; MEDIA AB A coupled mode system is derived to investigate a three-wave parametric instability leading to energy transfer between co-propagating laser beams crossing in a plasma flow. The model includes beams of finite width refracting in a prescribed transverse plasma flow with spatial and temporal gradients in velocity and density. The resulting paraxial light equations are discretized spatially with a Crank-Nicholson-type scheme, and these algebraic constraints are nonlinearly coupled with ordinary differential equations in time that describe the ion acoustic response. The entire nonlinear differential-algebraic system is solved using an adaptive, backward-differencing method coupled with Newton's method. A numerical study is conducted in two dimensions that compares the intensity gain of the fully time-dependent coupled mode system with the gain computed under the further assumption of a strongly damped ion acoustic response. The results demonstrate a time-dependent gain suppression when the beam diameter is commensurate with the velocity gradient scale length. The gain suppression is shown to depend on time-dependent beam refraction and is interpreted as a time-dependent frequency shift. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hittinger, JAF (reprint author), Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-561,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hittinger1@llnl.gov; dorr1@linl.gov; berger5@llnl.gov; williams16@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 209 IS 2 BP 695 EP 729 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.03.024 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 948ST UT WOS:000230736700014 ER PT J AU Valorani, M Goussis, DA Creta, F Najm, HN AF Valorani, M Goussis, DA Creta, F Najm, HN TI Higher order corrections in the approximation of low-dimensional manifolds and the construction of simplified problems with the CSP method SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chemical kinetics and reactions; slow invariant manifold; ordinary differential equation ID CHEMICAL-KINETICS; STEADY-STATE; SYSTEMS; IMPLEMENTATION; PERTURBATION; EQUILIBRIUM; REDUCTION; ALGORITHM; ILDMS AB In systems of stiff Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) both fast and slow time scales are encountered. The fast time scales are responsible for the development of low-dimensional manifolds on which the solution moves according to the slow time scales. In this paper, methodologies for constructing highly accurate (i) expressions describing the manifold, and (ii) simplified non-stiff equations governing the slow evolution of the solution on the manifold are developed, according to an iterative procedure proposed in the Computational Singular Perturbation (CSP) method. It is shown that the increasing accuracy achieved with each iteration is directly related to the time rates of change of the CSP vectors spanning the manifold along the solution trajectory. Here, an algorithm is presented which implements these calculations and is validated on the basis of two simple examples. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Meccan & Aeronaut, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Valorani, M (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Meccan & Aeronaut, Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Rome, Italy. EM m.valorani@dma.ing.uniroma1.it OI CRETA, Francesco/0000-0003-1923-0810; VALORANI, Mauro/0000-0002-8260-6297 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 209 IS 2 BP 754 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.03.033 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 948ST UT WOS:000230736700016 ER PT J AU Stapp, HP AF Stapp, HP TI Quantum interactive dualism - An alternative to materialism SO JOURNAL OF CONSCIOUSNESS STUDIES LA English DT Article ID MIND AB Rene Descartes proposed an interactive dualism that posits an interaction between the mind of a human being and some of the matter located in his or her brain. Isaac Newton subsequently formulated a physical theory based exclusively on the material/physical part of Descartes' ontology. Newton's theory enforced the principle of the causal closure of the physical, and the classical physics that grew out of it enforces this same principle. This classical theory purports to give, in principle, a complete deterministic account of the physically described properties of nature, expressed exclusively in terms of these physically described properties themselves. Orthodox contemporary physical theory violates this principle in two separate ways. First, it injects random elements into the dynamics. Second, it allows, and also requires, abrupt probing actions that disrupt the mechanistically described evolution of the physically described systems. These probing actions are called Process 1 interventions by von Neumann. They are psycho-physical events. Neither the content nor the timing of these events is determined either by any known law, or by the afore-mentioned random elements. Orthodox quantum mechanics considers these events to be instigated by choices made by conscious agents. In von Neumann's formulation of quantum theory each such intervention acts upon the state of the brain of some conscious agent. Thus orthodox von Neumann contemporary physics posits an interactive dualism similar to that of Descartes. But in this quantum version the effects of the conscious choices upon our brains are controlled, in part, by the known basic rules of quantum physics. This theoretically specified mind-brain connection allows many basic psychological and neuropsychological findings associated with the apparent physical effectiveness of our conscious volitional efforts to be explained in a causal and practically useful way. The intent of this paper is to give an updated account of the author's developing theory that is clearer than before, focused on the positive, and suitable for non-specialist readers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stapp, HP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hpstapp@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU IMPRINT ACADEMIC PI THORVERTON PA PO BOX 1, THORVERTON EX5 5YX, ENGLAND SN 1355-8250 J9 J CONSCIOUSNESS STUD JI J. Conscious. Stud. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 12 IS 11 BP 43 EP 58 PG 16 WC Philosophy; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Philosophy; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 988TU UT WOS:000233624600003 ER PT J AU Liu, HH Zhang, R Bodvarsson, GS AF Liu, HH Zhang, R Bodvarsson, GS TI An active region model for capturing fractal flow patterns in unsaturated soils: Model development SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE preferential flow; fractal; constitutive relations; vadose zone hydrology AB Preferential flow commonly observed in unsaturated soils allows rapid movement of solute from the soil surface or vadose zone to the groundwater, bypassing a significant volume of unsaturated soil and increasing the risk of groundwater contamination. A variety of evidence indicates that complex preferential patterns observed from fields are fractals. In this study, we developed a relatively simple active region model to incorporate the fractal flow pattern into the continuum approach. In the model, the flow domain is divided into active and inactive regions. Flow occurs preferentially in the active region (characterized by fractals), and inactive region is simply bypassed. A new constitutive relationship (the portion of the active region as a function of saturation) was derived. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by the consistency between field observations and the new constitutive relationship. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Sun Yat Sen ZhongShan Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hhliu@lbl.gov NR 42 TC 26 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 18 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.07.002 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 981AV UT WOS:000233060300002 PM 16099535 ER PT J AU Liang, LY Moline, GR Kamolpornwijit, W West, OR AF Liang, LY Moline, GR Kamolpornwijit, W West, OR TI Influence of hydrogeochemical processes on zero-valent iron reactive barrier performance: A field investigation SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE heterogeneity development; long-term performance; mineral precipitation; permeable reactive barrier; preferential flow; zero-valent iron AB Geochemical and mineralogical changes were evaluated at a field Fe-0-PRB at the Oak Ridge Y-12 site concerning operation performance during the treatment of U in high NO3- groundwater. In the 5-yr study period, the Fe-0 remained reactive as shown in pore water monitoring data, where increases in pH and the removal of certain ionic species persisted. However, coring revealed varying degrees of cementation. After 3.8-yr treatment, porosity reduction of up to 41.7% was obtained from mineralogical analysis on core samples collected at the upgradient gravel-Fe-0 interface. Elsewhere, Fe-0 filings were loose with some cementation. Fe-0 corrosion and pore volume reduction at this site are more severe due to the presence of NO3- at a high level. Tracer tests indicate that hydraulic performance deteriorated: the flow distribution was heterogeneous and under the influence of interfacial cementation a large portion of water was diverted around the Fe-0 and transported outside the PRB. Based on the equilibrium reductions of NO3- and SO42- by Fe-0 and mineral precipitation, geochemical modeling predicted a maximum of 49% porosity loss for 5 yr of operation. Additionally, modeling showed a spatial distribution of mineral precipitate volumes, with the maximum advancing from the interface toward down-gradient with time. This study suggests that water quality monitoring, coupled with hydraulic monitoring and geochemical modeling, can provide a low-cost method for assessing PRB performance. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Cardiff Wales, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 0YF, S Glam, Wales. RP Liang, LY (reprint author), Univ Cardiff Wales, Sch Engn, POB 925, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. EM liang@cardiff.ac.uk RI Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.05.014 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 981AV UT WOS:000233060300005 PM 16126304 ER PT J AU Crocker, FH Thompson, KT Szecsody, JE Fredrickson, HL AF Crocker, FH Thompson, KT Szecsody, JE Fredrickson, HL TI Biotic and abiotic degradation of CL-20 and RDX in soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVE CL-20; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; BIODEGRADATION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; 2,4,6,8,10,12-HEXANITRO-2,4,6,8,10,12-HEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE; DECOMPOSITION; SEDIMENTS; INSIGHTS; SORPTION; FATE AB The caged cyclic nitramine 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,112-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a new explosive that has the potential to replace existing military explosives, but little is known about its environmental toxicity, transport, and fate. We quantified and compared the aerobic environmental fate of CL-20 to the widely used cyclic nitramine explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in surface and subsurface soil microcosms. Soil-free controls and biologically attenuated soil controls were used to separate abiotic processes from biologically mediated processes. Both abiotic and biological processes significantly degraded CL-20 in all soils examined. Apparent abiotic, first-order degradation rates (k) for CL-20 were not significantly different between soil-free controls (0.018 < k < 0.030 d(-1)) and biologically attenuated soil controls (0.003 < k < 0.277 d-1). The addition of glucose to biologically active soil microcosms significantly increased CL-20 degradation rates (0.068 < k < 1.22 d(-1)). Extents of mineralization of C-14-CL-20 to (CO2)-C-14 in biologically active soil microcosms were 41.1 to 55.7%, indicating that the CL-20 cage was broken, since all carbons are part of the heterocyclic cage. Under aerobic conditions, abiotic degradation rates of RDX were generally slower (0 < k < 0.032 d(-1)) than abiotic CL-20 degradation rates. In biologically active soil microcosms amended with glucose aerobic RDX degradation rates varied between 0.010 and 0.474 d(-1). Biodegradation was a key factor in determining the environmental fate of RDX, while a combination of biotic and abiotic processes was important with CL-20. Our data suggest that CL-20 should be less recalcitrant than RDX in aerobic soils. C1 Analyt Sci Inc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD, EP, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Crocker, FH (reprint author), Analyt Sci Inc, 3532 Manor Dr,Suite 3, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Fiona.H.Crocker@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 2208 EP 2216 DI 10.2134/jeq2005.0032 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 984NL UT WOS:000233311500034 PM 16275722 ER PT J AU Kastengren, AL Dutton, JC AF Kastengren, AL Dutton, JC TI Aspects of shear layer unsteadiness in a three-dimensional supersonic wake SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; BASE-FLOW; VISUALIZATIONS; GEOMETRY; JETS AB The near wake of a blunt-base cylinder at 10 degrees angle-of-attack to a Mach 2.46 free-stream flow is visualized at several locations to study unsteady aspects of its structure. In both side-view and end-view images, the shear layer flapping grows monotonically as the shear layer develops, similar to the trends seen in a corresponding axisymmetric supersonic base flow. The interface convolution, a measure of the tortuousness of the shear layer, peaks for side-view, and end-view images during recompression. The high convolution for a septum of fluid seen in the middle of the wake indicates that the septum actively entrains fluid from the recirculation region, which helps to explain the low base pressure for this wake compared to that for a corresponding axisymmetric wake. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Kastengren, AL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM akastengren@anl.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1094 DI 10.1115/1.2062727 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 984DJ UT WOS:000233282400004 ER PT J AU Plieger, PG Burrell, AK Hall, SB Officer, DL AF Plieger, PG Burrell, AK Hall, SB Officer, DL TI Self-assembled porphyrin arrays via zinc-nitrogen coordination SO JOURNAL OF INCLUSION PHENOMENA AND MACROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen coordination; porphyrin; self-assembly; supramolecular; zinc ID OPTICAL NONLINEARITY; RECOGNITION; SELECTION; POLYMER; LADDERS; CAGES AB A series of alkene linked multiporphyrin zinc complexes have been synthesized and their ability to self-assemble in the presence of either 4,4-bipyridine or DABCO has been investigated. It was found that the sandwich complexes with 4,4-bipyridine proceeded via an intermediary 1:1 complex, whereas the sandwich complexes with DABCO formed discrete complexes. Further additions of an excess of DABCO lead to exchange from within the complex. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Massey Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey Univ, Inst Fundamental Sci, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM burrell@lanl.gov RI Officer, David/D-8019-2012 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-3127 EI 1573-1111 J9 J INCL PHENOM MACRO JI J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 53 IS 3-4 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1007/s10847-005-0992-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 963LU UT WOS:000231806600001 ER PT J AU Rohwer, LS Martin, JE AF Rohwer, LS Martin, JE TI Measuring the absolute quantum efficiency of luminescent materials SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE quantum efficiency; quanium yield; radiant efficiency; phosphor characterization; fluorescent dyes ID PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; RHODAMINE 6G; PHOSPHORS; FLUORESCENCE; YIELDS AB A measurement system and mathematical procedure are developed for determining the absolute quantum efficiency (QE), of luminescent materials. This technique, based on absorption of diffuse light within an integrating sphere, is applied to fluorescent laser dyes and conventional phosphor powders. The system described is tested for excitation in the near-UV and blue regions, but can be applied to higher energy excitation (UV), as well as lower energy excitation in the visible to near-IR, with the appropriate photodetectors and optical filters. The system was tested on both liquid and solid samples such as Coumarin 500 (CM500) dye in methanol and ethyl acetate; Rhodamine 6G in ethanol; and a variety of powder phosphors. The QE of quinine sulfate dihydrate solution (5 x 10(-3) M in 0.1 N H2SO4), a NIST fluorescence standard, was found to be in good agreement with the NIST value under 390 nm excitation. The accuracy 2 of this measurement technique is acceptable for samples with absorption cross sections greater than similar to 6 mm(2). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rohwer, LS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM leshea@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 10 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2005.01.013 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 968OI UT WOS:000232171400001 ER PT J AU Nanda, J Behera, PK Tavernier, HL Fayer, MD AF Nanda, J Behera, PK Tavernier, HL Fayer, MD TI Photoinduced electron transfer in the head group region of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE electron transfer; time resolved fluorescence; micelles ID FREE-ENERGY; REORGANIZATION ENERGY; CHARGE SEPARATION; GEMINATE RECOMBINATION; UNIMER MICELLES; SURFACES; POLYELECTROLYTES; SCATTERING; MOLECULES; ACCEPTORS AB Photoinduced electron transfer between octadecylrhodamine B (a hole donor) and N, N-dimethyl-1-napthylamine (hole acceptor), located in the head group region of sodium dodecylsulfonate micelles, has been examined for different acceptor concentrations using time resolved fluorescence. The experimental results were analyzed using the Marcus distance-dependent transfer rate modified to take into account the heterogeneous nature of the micelles. Diffusion of the donor/acceptors is included in the theoretical analysis. The results are compared with earlier experiments involving the same donor-acceptor combination but in a different type of micelle. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS-J585,C-PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nanda@lanl.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2005.03.007 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 968OI UT WOS:000232171400009 ER PT J AU Chang, FC Hull, JR AF Chang, FC Hull, JR TI Computer modeling of electromagnetic fields and fluid flows for edge containment in continuous casting SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID BILLETS AB A computer model was developed to predict eddy currents and fluid flows in molten steel. The model was verified by comparing predictions with experimental results of liquid-metal containment and fluid flow in electromagnetic (EM) edge dams (EMDs) designed at Inland Steel (Ispat Industries Ltd.) for twin-roll casting. This mathematical model can greatly shorten casting research on the use of EM fields for liquid metal containment and control. It can also optimize the existing casting processes and minimize expensive, time-consuming full-scale testing. The model was verified by comparing predictions with experimental results of liquid metal containment and fluid flow in EM edge dams designed at Inland Steel (Ispat Industries Ltd,) for twin-roll casting. Numerical simulation was performed by coupling a three-dimensional (3D) finite-element EM code (ELEKTRA) and a 3D finite-difference fluids code (CaPS-EM) to solve Maxwell's equations, Ohms law, Navier-Stokes equations, and transport equations of turbulence flow in a casting process that uses E M fields. ELEKTRA is able to predict the eddy-current distribution and EM forces it? complex geometry. CaPS-EM is capable of modeling fluid flows with free surfaces and dynamic rollers. The computed 3D magnetic fields and induced eddy currents in ELEKTRA are used as input to flow-field computations in CaPS-EM. Results of the numerical simulation compared well with measurements obtained from both static and dynamic tests. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chang, FC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chang@anl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 724 EP 730 DI 10.1115/1.2039101 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 989QV UT WOS:000233689700003 ER PT J AU Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Leonard, KJ Zhai, HY Bhuiyan, MS Payzant, EA Goyal, A Sathyamurthy, S Beach, DB Martin, PM Christen, DK Li, X Kodenkandath, T Schoop, U Rupich, MW Smith, HE Haugan, T Barnes, PN AF Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Leonard, KJ Zhai, HY Bhuiyan, MS Payzant, EA Goyal, A Sathyamurthy, S Beach, DB Martin, PM Christen, DK Li, X Kodenkandath, T Schoop, U Rupich, MW Smith, HE Haugan, T Barnes, PN TI Assessment of chemical solution synthesis and properties of Gd2Zr2O7 thin films as buffer layers for second-generation high-temperature superconductor wires SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; BIAXIALLY TEXTURED NI; BEAM-ASSISTED-DEPOSITION; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PULSED-LASER-DEPOSITION; DIP-COATING UNIT; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; LONG LENGTHS; FABRICATION; TAPES AB Chemical solution processing of Gd2Zr2O7 (GZO) thin films via sol-gel and metalorganic decomposition (MOD) precursor routes have been studied on textured Ni-based tape substrates. Even though films processed by both techniques showed similar property characteristics, the MOD-derived samples developed a high degree of texture alignment at significantly lower temperatures. Both precursor chemistries resulted in exceptionally dense, pore-free, and smooth micro structures, reflected in the cross-sectional and plan-view high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies. On the MOD GZO buffered Ni-3at.% W (Ni-W) substrates with additional Ceo(2)/YSZ sputtered over layers, a 0.8-mu m-thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) film, grown by an ex situ metalorganic trifluoroacetate precursor method, yielded critical current, I-c (77 K, self-field), of 100 A/cm width. Furthermore, using pulsed-laser deposited YBCO films, a zero-field superconducting critical current density, J(c) (77 K), of 1 x 10(6) A/cm(2) was demonstrated on an all-solution, simplified CeO2(MOD)/GZO(MOD)/Ni-W architecture. The present study establishes GZO buffers as a candidate material for low-cost, all-solution coated conductor fabrication. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aytug, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM aytugt@ornl.gov RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 20 IS 11 BP 2988 EP 2996 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0365 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 981NN UT WOS:000233095400016 ER PT J AU Michael, JR Aselage, TL Emin, D Kotula, PG AF Michael, JR Aselage, TL Emin, D Kotula, PG TI Structural variants in attempted heteroepitaxial growth of B12As2 on 6H-SiC (0001) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; BORON-RICH SOLIDS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; PHOSPHIDE; SUBSTRATE; SYSTEM; SI; ARSENIDE AB Boron sub-arsenide, B12As2, is based on twelve-atom clusters of boron atoms and two-atom As-As chains. By contrast, SiC is a tetrahedrally bonded covalent semiconductor. Despite these fundamental differences, the basal plane hexagonal lattice constant of boron sub-arsenide is twice that of SiC. This coincidence suggests the possibility of heteroepitaxial growth of boron sub-arsenide films on properly aligned SiC. However, there are a variety of incommensurate alignments by which heteroepitaxial growth of B12As2 on (0001) 6H-SiC can occur. In this study, we first used geometrical crystallographic considerations to describe the possible arrangements of B12As2 on (0001) 6H-SiC. We identified four translational and two rotational variants. We then analyzed electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images for evidence of distinct domains of such structural variants. Micron-scale regions with each of the two possible rotational alignments of B12As2 icosahedra with the SiC surface were seen. On a finer length scale (100-300 nm) within these regions, boron-rich boundaries were found, consistent with those between pairs of the four equivalent translational variants associated with a two-to-one lattice match. Boron-carbide reaction layers were also observed at interfaces between SiC and B As-12(2). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Michael, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jrmicha@sandia.gov RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 20 IS 11 BP 3004 EP 3010 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0367 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 981NN UT WOS:000233095400018 ER PT J AU Singh, R Dahotre, NB AF Singh, R Dahotre, NB TI Tribology of laser modified surface of stainless steel in physiological solution SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORROSION-RESISTANCE; PITTING CORROSION; BEHAVIOR; WEAR AB The laser surface treatment of stainless steel (SS) 316L, an important alloy for biomedical applications, was used to improve its corrosion and wear-corrosion resistance in bio-environment. Microstructural and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis showed presence of an austenitic phase in both untreated and laser-treated SS316L. Laser melting produced homogenized and refined microstructure on the surface with higher hardness (143-171 HV) compared to untreated SS316L (131 HV). Increase in intensity of gamma (200) peaks in XRD pattern for laser-treated (> 800 W) SS316L indicated possible crystallographic orientation along gamma (200) plane. Passive currents were reduced to < 2.8 mu A/cm(2) and pitting potentials was increased to >+344 mV for samples laser surface treated at greater than 1200 W. The volume-loss and wear-rate of laser-treated SS316L were significantly reduced compared to untreated sample. Abrasive wear was the main wear mechanism for both untreated and laser surface treated SS316L. Wear particles/debris were found to be cold welded on the surface of SS316L and showed brittle cracking with further wear-straining.(c) 2005 Springer Science+ Business Media, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Mat Proc Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 40 IS 21 BP 5619 EP 5626 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-1449-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 975WS UT WOS:000232695400007 ER PT J AU Chen, J Schmidt, N Chen, JH Wang, LP Weidner, DJ Zhang, JZ Wang, YB AF Chen, J Schmidt, N Chen, JH Wang, LP Weidner, DJ Zhang, JZ Wang, YB TI Yield strength enhancement of MgO by nanocrystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; GRAIN-GROWTH; MICROHARDNESS; TEMPERATURE; PALLADIUM; HARDNESS; METALS; COPPER; OXIDE; SIZE C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM dweidner@notes.cc.sunysb.edu OI Wang, Yanbin/0000-0001-5716-3183 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 40 IS 21 BP 5763 EP 5766 DI 10.1007/s10853-005-2476-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 975WS UT WOS:000232695400029 ER PT J AU Bocanegra, R Sampedro, JL Ganan-Calvo, AM Marquez, M AF Bocanegra, R Sampedro, JL Ganan-Calvo, AM Marquez, M TI Monodisperse structured multi-vesicle microencapsulation using flow-focusing and controlled disturbance SO JOURNAL OF MICROENCAPSULATION LA English DT Article DE microencapsulation; flow-focusing; jet break-up; controlled release ID DOUBLE EMULSIONS; CAPILLARY JETS; LIQUID JETS; INSTABILITY; EMULSIFICATION; ATOMIZATION; GENERATION; STABILITY; BREAKUP AB A method to produce monodisperse structured microcapsules in the diameter range from 10- 100 mu m is here presented. Flow-focusing is a well known technique whereby a steady capillary micro-jet is generated by the action of a highly accelerated co-flowing stream forced through a small orifice. The micro-jet breaks up owing to capillary instability, giving rise to droplets with a narrow size distribution. In the present study, flow-focusing gives rise not to simple but to compound capillary jets. At break-up, under suitable control parameters, such jets give rise to microcapsules where an outer liquid (shell liquid) surrounds a core liquid integrated by one or more vesicles. Furthermore, under adequate stimulation combining a sinusoidal signal with intermitent pulses, the jet break-up can be controlled. Highly monodisperse microcapsules are produced; fundamental geometric parameters (main diameter, shell thickness or number of cores) are reliably controlled. Rather than using a gas flow to focus the concentric stream of two immiscible liquids, this study has investigated in some detail the evolution of a concentric stream of three immiscible liquids forced through a small orifice. The selection of the surface tension coefficients between the three phases ensures the robust production of a microcapsule structure involving a plurality of vesicles homogeneously distributed in the capsule bulk, the number of cores being a freely chosen parameter. Such composite microcapsules find a broad field of technological applications in the pharmaceutical, food or biotechnology industries. C1 Univ Seville, Escuela Super Ingn, Dpto Mecan Fluidos, Seville 41092, Spain. Kraft Foods R&D, Nanotechnol Lab, Glenview, IL USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bocanegra, R (reprint author), Univ Seville, Escuela Super Ingn, Dpto Mecan Fluidos, Camino Descubrimientos S-N, Seville 41092, Spain. EM rodrigo.bocanegra@casa.eads.net RI Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso/F-1169-2013 NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 20 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0265-2048 J9 J MICROENCAPSUL JI J. Microencapsul. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 745 EP 759 DI 10.1080/02652040500273639 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 003AA UT WOS:000234652800004 PM 16421085 ER PT J AU Saha, B Espenson, JH AF Saha, B Espenson, JH TI Combined acid additives and the MC catalyst for the autoxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE autoxidation; p-xylene; terephthalic acid; acid catalysts; fluorinated acids ID COBALT BROMIDE CATALYSIS; LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION; ACETIC-ACID; METAL COCATALYSTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; DIVALENT COBALT; ACETATE; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE AB The autoxidation of p-xylene (pX) was carried out with the Co(OAc)(2)/Mn(OAc)(2)/Br- catalyst in the presence of a strong acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The initial reaction rates, measured by the rate of oxygen uptake, and the yields of terephthalic acid were used to compare the effectiveness of acid additives. All the acid additives improved significantly the effectiveness of the catalyst at their low concentrations. The autoxidation reaction increased with the Mn(OAc)(2) concentration. The reaction involves the formation of manganese(III) salts of strong acids, which are more powerful oxidizing agents than manganese(Ill) acetate. Thus, the cycles of free-radical chain reactions that involve formation of dibromide radical take place rapidly. Dibromide radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the methyl group of p-xylene to form ArCH2center dot, and then the sequence progresses through alcohol, aldehyde and carboxylic acid. Manganese(III) salts of strong acids also directly react with p-xylene. This was confirmed by studying the reaction between Mn(OAc)3 and p-xylene in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Espenson, JH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM espenson@iastate.edu NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 241 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.06.007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 976DE UT WOS:000232712200005 ER PT J AU Huang, JL Su, ZC Xu, Y AF Huang, JL Su, ZC Xu, Y TI The evolution of microbial phosphonate degradative pathways SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE phosphonate degradation; phn operon; lateral gene transfer; phylogenetic analyses ID LATERAL GENE-TRANSFER; HORIZONTALLY TRANSFERRED GENES; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS 23F; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OPERONS; ORGANOPHOSPHONATES; MICROORGANISMS; WIDESPREAD; OXIDATION; CLONING AB Phosphonate utilization by microbes provides a potential source of phosphorus for their growth. Homologous genes for both C-P lyase and phosphonatase degradative pathways are distributed in distantly related bacterial species. The phn gene clusters for the C-P lyase pathway show great structural and compositional variation among organisms, but all contain phnG-phnM genes that are essential for C-P bond cleavage. In the gamma-proteobacterium Erwinia carotovora, genes common to phosphonate biosyntheses were found in neighboring positions of those for the C-P lyase degradative pathway and in the same transcriptional direction. A gene encoding a hypothetical protein DUF1045 was found predominantly associated with the phn gene cluster and was predicted functionally related to C-P bond cleavage. Genes for phosphonate degradation are frequently located in close proximity of genes encoding transposases or other mobile elements. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that both degradative pathways have been subject to extensive lateral gene transfers during their evolution. The implications of plasmids and transposition in the evolution of phosphonate degradation are also discussed. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM xyn@bmb.uga.edu NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 61 IS 5 BP 682 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s00239-004-0349-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 979YC UT WOS:000232980100012 PM 16245012 ER PT J AU Masiello, T Maki, A Blake, TA AF Masiello, T Maki, A Blake, TA TI The high-resolution infrared spectrum of (BF3)-B-11 from 400 to 1650 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; rovibrational spectrum; high resolution; boron trifluoride; boron-11 ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN STATISTICAL WEIGHTS; SYMMETRIC TOP MOLECULES; NU(1) CARS SPECTRUM; AB-INITIO; NU-2 BAND; 2-NU(3) BANDS; POINT-GROUPS; HOT BANDS AB High-resolution infrared spectra of boron trifluoride, enriched to 99.5 at. % B-11, have been measured from 400 to 1650 cm(-1). In that region we have identified and analyzed 16 absorption bands attributed to the three fundamental bands, two combination bands, 10 hot bands, and one difference band. All possible states were accessed in this region through direct transitions either from the ground state or as hot bands from thermally populated levels. The spectral resolution of the measurements varied from 0.0015 to 0.0020 cm(-1). An improved set of ground state rotational constants and rovibrational constants for the infrared-active fundamental vibrations have been determined from over 32000 assigned transitions. This study resulted in the first direct characterization of the infrared-inactive v(1) state of (BF3)-B-11 leading to values for v(1), alpha(1)(B), and alpha(1)(C) of 885.843205(24), 0.000678548(53), and 0.000337564(66) cm(-1), respectively. The Fermi resonance perturbation between the E' states v(3) and 3v(4)(l = +/- 1) was further elucidated by observation of hot band transitions to both the 3(v4) (l = +/- 1) and 3(v4)(l = +/- 3) states. Several other resonances were also found including the weak rotational interaction, between the A,, state 2(v2) and the E' state of v(1) + v(4). (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Masiello, T (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM anthony.masiello@pnl.gov RI Young, Nigel/B-5472-2010 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 234 IS 1 BP 122 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2005.08.006 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 987SL UT WOS:000233537500013 ER PT J AU Nath, S Pal, A Ghosh, SK Praharaj, S Panigrahi, S Kundu, S Thundat, T Pal, T AF Nath, S Pal, A Ghosh, SK Praharaj, S Panigrahi, S Kundu, S Thundat, T Pal, T TI Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of AuSe nanoalloys SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gold; selenium; micelle; UV-irradiation; AuSe nanoalloy; eosin; dimerization; emission ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOSENSITIZATION ASPECTS; BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES; PICOSECOND DYNAMICS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; TRITON X-100; METAL-IONS; AGGREGATION; DYE; NANOCLUSTERS AB A solution phase approach to synthesize a new metal-semiconductor nanocomposite, AuSe nanoalloy has been reported. The synthesis has been achieved through UV-photoactivation of preformed Au and Se nanoparticles in micelle. Non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 was exploited as a micellar medium for effective fusion of gold and selenium particles under UV. Both physical and chemical studies have been performed to characterize the composition and morphology of the particles. UV-visible, TEM, SEM, XPS and AFM analyses were done for characterization purpose. The optical properties of nanocomposites have been substantiated through their interaction with a fluorescent probe, eosin in aqueous solution. The spectroscopic investigation of dye-metal-semiconcluctor assembly has been examined critically. It has been found that the dye experiences J and H types of aggregation on the surfaces of gold and selenium nanoparticles respectively. Again, the composition dependent change of the emission profile of the probe on different nanocomposite surfaces has been rationalized in accordance with the molecular dimerization of the dye. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pal, T (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. OI Panigrahi, Sudipa/0000-0002-1795-2062 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1832 EP 1839 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.418 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 987RE UT WOS:000233534200010 PM 16433418 ER PT J AU Yen, CH Cui, XL Pan, HB Wang, SF Lin, YH Wai, CM AF Yen, CH Cui, XL Pan, HB Wang, SF Lin, YH Wai, CM TI Deposition of platinum nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes by supercritical fluid method SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; supercritical fluid; catalysts; platinum; nanoparticles ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; OXYGEN REDUCTION; HIGH DISPERSION; METHANOL ELECTROOXIDATION; PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; SUPPORTED PLATINUM; CATHODE CATALYST; ELECTRODES; PARTICLES AB Carbon nanotube-supported platinum nanoparticles with a 5-15 nm diameter size range can be synthesized by hydrogen reduction of platinum(II) acetylacetonate in methanol modified supercritical carbon dioxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra indicate that the carbon nanotubes contain zero-valent platinum metal and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that the visible lattice fringes of platinum nanoparticles are crystallites. Carbon nanotubes synthesized with 25% by weight of platinum nanoparticles exhibit a higher activity for hydrogenation of benzene compared with a commercial carbon black platinum catalyst. The carbon nanotube-supported platinum nanocatalyst can be reused at least six times for the hydrogenation reaction without losing activity. The carbon nanotube-supported platinum nanoparticles are also highly active for electrochemical oxidation of methanol and for reduction of oxygen suggesting their potential use as a new electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1852 EP 1857 DI 10.1166/jnn.2005.421 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 987RE UT WOS:000233534200013 PM 16433421 ER PT J AU Wang, LQ Mattigod, SV Parker, KE Hobbs, DT McCready, DE AF Wang, LQ Mattigod, SV Parker, KE Hobbs, DT McCready, DE TI Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of aluminosilicate gels prepared in high-alkaline and salt-concentrated solutions SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SOLID-STATE NMR; MAS NMR; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; NITRATE CANCRINITE; SODALITE; PHASE AB Solid-state Si-29, Al-27, and Na-23 magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR techniques in combination with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) are used to characterize alummosilicate gels as a function of composition, pH, and reaction times. These gels were prepared at 80 degrees C using initial solutions with low Si/Al ratios, high alkaline and salt concentrations that are characteristic of nuclear tank wastes. XRD data show that cancrinite and sodalite are the main crystalline phases in the aluminosilicate gets produced. It is found that the pH and the salt content have significant effects on the nature of the aluminosilicate gels. Higher pH appears to increase the rate of crystallization, the degree of overall crystallinity and the percentage of cancrinite phases in alummosilicate gels, whereas the high-salt concentration promotes the formation of cancrinite and socialite and prohibits the formation of other zeolites. Complementary to XRD, NMR is extremely useful for providing the information on the structure of amorphous intermediate gels with no long-range order. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Sci Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Sci Dept, Mail Stop k2-44,Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM lq.wang@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 43-45 BP 3435 EP 3442 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.09.006 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 982IL UT WOS:000233151200007 ER PT J AU Poinssot, C Finch, R AF Poinssot, C Finch, R TI Long term evolution of spent nuclear fuel in geological disposal - A selection of papers from the Spent Fuel Workshop 2004 - Lake Forest, IL, USA - 19-20 April 2004 - Preface SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CEA Saclay, Nucl Energy Div, Dept Chem & Phys, Ser Studies Radiouclides Behav, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Poinssot, C (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Nucl Energy Div, Dept Chem & Phys, Ser Studies Radiouclides Behav, BP 11, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM christophe.poinssot@cea.fr; finch@cmt.anl.gov RI POINSSOT, Christophe/D-2553-2009; Finch, Robert/D-9553-2013 OI POINSSOT, Christophe/0000-0002-6161-9582; Finch, Robert/0000-0001-9342-5574 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 346 IS 1 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.07.001 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 978BW UT WOS:000232848200001 ER PT J AU Chen, YT Chen, HJ Zhang, JS Hsieh, HT AF Chen, YT Chen, HJ Zhang, JS Hsieh, HT TI Modeling corrosion and precipitation in non-isothermal LBE pipe/loop systems SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mass transfer; corrosion/precipitation; lead-bismuth eutectic; non-isothermal pipe/loop flow ID LEAD-BISMUTH; STEEL CORROSION; LIQUID LEAD; PB-BI; FLOW; SUBLAYER; COOLANT AB A previous kinetic model on corrosion and precipitation for a non-isothermal LBE pipe/loop system is improved by considering a turbulent core region and a laminar sub-layer, respectkely. Exact solutions of the mass transfer equations in both core and boundary regions are obtained. Based on the present model. both of the local corrosion/precipitation rate and bulk concentration can be calculated. The present study shows that the effects of the axial temperature profile on the corrosion/precipitation rate and bulk concentration by applying this model to DELTA loop at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Correlations for average Sherwood number at the highest isothermal temperature section for both open pipes and close loops are presented. In addition, the present solution can he extended to the more general cases of high Schmidt number mass transfer in the developed turbulent wall-bounded shear flows. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Design & Risk Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, YT (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM uuchen@nscee.edu RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ATOMIC ENERGY SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 1-1-13 SHIMBASHI MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0022-3131 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 42 IS 11 BP 970 EP 978 DI 10.3327/jnst.42.970 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 002LY UT WOS:000234614200005 ER PT J AU Kazmerski, L Ramanathan, K AF Kazmerski, L Ramanathan, K TI The 14th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1853 EP 1853 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.171 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 997ZX UT WOS:000234288700001 ER PT J AU AbuShama, JAM Johnston, S Noufi, R AF AbuShama, JAM Johnston, S Noufi, R TI Bandlike and localized defect states in CuInSe2 solar cells SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE copper indium diselenide; CuInSe2; thin films; deep-level transient spectroscopy; electrical properties ID SILICON AB We used the deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) to investigate the electronic properties of p-type CuInSe2 (CIS) polycrystalline thin-film solar cells. We detected electron (or minority) traps with activation energies ranging from E-c-0.1 to E-c-0.22 eV (where E-c is the energy of electrons at the conduction band minimum). While varying the filling pulse duration, we observed the gradual increase in the amplitude of the DLTS signal for these states until it apparently saturates at a pulse duration similar to 1 s. Increasing the duration of the filling pulse also results in broadening the DLTS signals and shifting the maximum of these signals towards lower temperature, whereas the high-temperature sides coincide. We also detected a hole (or majority) trap around a temperature of 190 K. Using a model that allows us to distinguish between bandlike states and localized ones based on the dependence of the shape of their DLTS-signal on the filling-pulse duration, we relate the electron trap to bandlike states and the hole trap to localized ones. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP AbuShama, JAM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM JAbuShama@DayStarTech.com NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1855 EP 1857 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.004 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 997ZX UT WOS:000234288700002 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, RN Ramanathan, K Gedvilas, L Keyes, B AF Bhattacharya, RN Ramanathan, K Gedvilas, L Keyes, B TI Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin-film solar cells with ZnS(O,OH), Zn-Cd-S(O,OH), and CdS buffer layers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Denver, CO AB Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) solar cell junctions prepared by chemical-bath-deposited (CBD) ZnS(O,OH), Zn-Cd-S(O,OH), and CdS buffer layers are discussed in this paper. The device performances are compared by applying CBD ZnS(O,OH), CBD Zn-Cd-S(O,OH), and CBD CdS buffer layers on similar GIGS absorbers. The C=N impurities in CBD ZnS(O,OH) are identified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The impurities containing carbon-nitrogen bonds are most likely cyanamide (NCN2-) or thiocyanate (SCN-), which resulted from the chemical reaction of thiourea and ammonia. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM raghu_bhattacharya@nrel.gov NR 3 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1862 EP 1864 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.006 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 997ZX UT WOS:000234288700004 ER PT J AU Han, SH Hasoon, FS Al-Thani, HA Hermann, AM Levi, DH AF Han, SH Hasoon, FS Al-Thani, HA Hermann, AM Levi, DH TI Effect of Cu deficiency on the optical properties and electronic structure of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE semiconductors; alloys; thin films; electronic structure; optical properties ID SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; BAND-GAP; CUINSE2; SURFACE; ALLOYS; GROWTH AB Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements of CuInSe2 (CIS) and CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (GIGS) over a range of Cu compositions reveal that there are important differences in electronic and optical properties between a-phase CIS/CIGS and Cu-poor CIS/CIGS. We find a reduction in the imaginary part of the dielectric function epsilon(2) in the spectral region, 1-3 eV. This reduction can be explained in terms of the Cu-3d density of states. An increase in band gap is found for Cu-poor CIS and GIGS due to the reduction in repulsive interaction between Cu-3d and Se-4p states. We also characterize the dielectric functions of polycrystalline thin-film alpha-phase CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (x=0.18 and 0.36) to determine their optical properties and compare them with similar compositions of bulk polycrystalline CuIn1-xGaxSe2. The experimental results have important implications for understanding the functioning of polycrystalline optoelectronic devices. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Han, SH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sung-ho.han@ece.gatech.edu RI Han, Sung-Ho/B-7678-2008 NR 18 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1895 EP 1898 DI 10.1016/j.jpca.2005.10.112 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 997ZX UT WOS:000234288700013 ER PT J AU Kim, WK Kim, S Payzant, EA Speakman, SA Yoon, S Kaczynski, RM Acher, RD Anderson, TJ Crisalle, OD Li, SS Craciun, V AF Kim, WK Kim, S Payzant, EA Speakman, SA Yoon, S Kaczynski, RM Acher, RD Anderson, TJ Crisalle, OD Li, SS Craciun, V TI Reaction kinetics of alpha-CuInSe2 formation from an In2Se3/CuSe bilayer precursor film SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE thin films; crystal growth; x-ray diffraction; diffusion; phase transitions ID IN-SITU; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CUINSE2; DIFFRACTION; SUBSYSTEM; GROWTH AB The reaction pathway and kinetics of alpha-CuInSe2 formation from a glass/In2Se3/CuSe polycrystalline bilayer precursor film were investigated using time-resolved, in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Bilayer glass/In2Se3/CuSe precursor films were deposited on thin glass substrates in a migration enhanced molecular beam epitaxial deposition system. These films were then temperature ramp annealed or isothermally soaked while monitoring the phase evolution. The initial In2Se3 and CuSe reactant phases were directly transformed to alpha-CuInSe2 without any detectable intermediate phase. Kinetic parameters were estimated using the Avrami and parabolic diffusion controlled reaction models. The parabolic reaction model fitted the experimental data better than the Avrami model over the entire temperature range (230-290 degrees C) of the set of isothermal experiments, with an estimated activation energy of 162 (+/- 5) kJ/mol. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Anderson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM tun@ufl.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Craciun, Valentin/C-4789-2011 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; NR 15 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1915 EP 1919 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.074 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 997ZX UT WOS:000234288700017 ER PT J AU Wei, SH Zhang, SB AF Wei, SH Zhang, SB TI Defect properties of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE defects; electronic structure ID II-VI; CHALCOPYRITE SEMICONDUCTORS; SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS AB Using first-principles electronic structure theory, we have calculated defect formation energies and defect transition levels in CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2. We show that (i) it is easy to form Cu vacancies in CuInSe2, and (ii) it is also relatively easy to form cation antisite defects (e.g. In-Cu) for this ternary compound. Consequently, defect pairs such as (2V(Cu) +In-Cu) have a remarkably low formation enthalpy. As a result, the formation of a series of Cu-poor compounds (CPCs) such as CuIn5Se8 and CuIn3Se5, is explained as a repeat of (2V(Cu) + In-Cu) pairs in CuInSe2. The very efficient p-type self-doping ability of CuInSe2 is explained by the easy formation of the shallow Cu vacancies. The electrically benign character of the natural defect in CuInSe2 is explained in terms of an electronic passivation of the In-Cu(2+) by 2(Cu)(V-). For CuGaSe2, we find that (i) the native acceptor formation energies and transition energy levels are similar to that in CuInSe2, but the donor formation energy is larger in CuGaSe2. (ii) The Ga-Cu donor level in CuGaSe2 is deeper than In-Cu donor level in CuInSe2, therefore, Gate behaves as an electron trap in CuGaSe2, even when it is passivated by VC, We have also calculated the band alignment between the CPCs and CuInSe2, showing that it could have significant effect on the solar cell performance. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM swei@nrel.gov RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1994 EP 1999 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.10.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 997ZX UT WOS:000234288700036 ER PT J AU Dalpian, GM Wei, SH AF Dalpian, GM Wei, SH TI Impurity-stabilized zinc-blende phase of wurtzite compounds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2004 CL Denver, CO ID SEMICONDUCTORS AB We propose here a new approach to stabilizing the cubic zinc blende phase of semiconductors that are usually more stable in the hexagonal wurtzite phase. We show that this can be done by taking advantage of the valence and conduction band offsets between the cubic and the hexagonal phases. Due to this band offset, it will cost less energy to insert electrons by shallow donors, or insert holes by 3d acceptors in the zinc blende structure, thus stabilizing the cubic phase. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dalpian, GM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Dalpian, Gustavo/B-9746-2008 OI Dalpian, Gustavo/0000-0001-5561-354X NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2005 VL 66 IS 11 BP 2008 EP 2010 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.042 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 997ZX UT WOS:000234288700039 ER PT J AU Londergan, JT Thomas, AW AF Londergan, JT Thomas, AW TI Implications of current constraints on parton charge symmetry SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRINO-NUCLEON SCATTERING; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; LIGHT-QUARK SEA; ANTINEUTRINO SCATTERING; DIMUON PRODUCTION; FLAVOR ASYMMETRY; DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON; BREAKING; ENERGY AB For the first time, charge symmetry breaking terms in parton distribution functions have been included in a global fit to high energy data. We review the results obtained for both valence and sea quark charge symmetry violation and compare these results with the most stringent experimental upper limits on charge symmetry violation for parton distribution functions, as well as with theoretical estimates of charge symmetry violation. The limits allowed in the global fit would tolerate a rather large violation of charge symmetry. We discuss the implications of this for various observables, including extraction of the Weinberg angle in neutrino DIS and the Gottfried and Adler sum rules. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Indiana Univ, Ctr Nucl Theory, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Londergan, JT (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM tlonderg@indiana.edu; awthomas@jlab.org RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1151 EP 1163 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/11/003 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 986QR UT WOS:000233465300005 ER PT J AU Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Stefanescu, I Gelberg, A Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhu, SJ Gore, PM Fong, D Jones, EF Wu, SC Lee, IY Ginter, TN Ma, WC Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV Stoyer, MA Donangelo, R AF Luo, YX Rasmussen, JO Stefanescu, I Gelberg, A Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Zhu, SJ Gore, PM Fong, D Jones, EF Wu, SC Lee, IY Ginter, TN Ma, WC Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV Stoyer, MA Donangelo, R TI Shape trends and triaxiality in neutron-rich odd-mass Y and Nb isotopes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STRUCTURE; ROTATIONAL BANDS; NUCLEI; STATES; DEFORMATION; IDENTIFICATION; QUASIPARTICLE; COEXISTENCE; FISSION; SR-98 AB New level schemes of odd-Z Y-99,Y-101 (Z = 39) and Nb-101,Nb-105 (Z = 41) are established based on the measurement of prompt gamma rays from the fission of Cf-252 at Gammasphere. Bands of pi 5/2(+)[422], pi 5/2(-)[303] and pi 3/2(-)[301] are observed and extended to provide spectroscopic information concerning nuclear shapes in this important odd-Z region. In combination with the level structure of the odd-Z Tc (Z = 43), Rh (Z = 45) and the neighbouring even-Z isotopes the level systematics, signature splittings and kinematic and dynamic moments of inertia of the bands in the Y and Nb isotopes are discussed in terms of shape transition and triaxiality. The pronounced difference observed in the signature splittings between Y and Tc, Rh isotopes is interpreted as evidence of the axially symmetric deformed shape in the Y isotopes, and, as previously reported, large and near maximum triaxiality in Tc-Rh isotopes. The likely lowering of crossing frequencies of the ground-state bands in Tc and Rh isotones in comparison with those in Y isotones also implies a shape transition from axially symmetric deformed shapes in Y nuclei to triaxiality in Tc and Rh isotones. Triaxial-rotor-plus-particle model calculations strongly support a pure axially symmetric shape with large quadrupole deformation in Y isotopes. The model calculations yielded gamma values ranging from -19 degrees to -13 degrees for the 5/2(+)[422] ground-state bands of Nb-101,Nb-103,Nb-105 and of -5 degrees for the two negative-parity bands in Nb-101. The fact that Nb isotopes have intermediate values of signature splitting and band crossing frequencies between those of Y and Tc, Rh isotopes is interpreted as that the Nb isotopes are transitional nuclei with regard to triaxial deformation. A correlation of quadrupole deformations and of triaxiality is seen in the neutron-rich nuclei with Z = 39-45. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-68528 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Luo, YX (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1303 EP 1327 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/11/013 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 986QR UT WOS:000233465300015 ER PT J AU Stone, JR AF Stone, JR TI Self-consistent Hartree-Fock mass formulae: a review SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON STAR MATTER; SKYRMES INTERACTION; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; NUBASE EVALUATION; DECAY PROPERTIES; PAIRING-FORCE; NUCLEAR; DENSITIES; APPROXIMATION; EXPLORATIONS AB Models based on extended Thomas-Fermi and Strutinsky integral (ETFSI), Hartree-Fock + BCS (HFBCS) and Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (HFB) meanfield approximations with a phenomenological Skyrme functional, that are used in the calculation of atomic masses, are reviewed. The main physics content of these models is briefly described, both for finite nuclei and infinite nuclear matter. For finite nuclei, the discussion focuses on the treatment of deformation, odd-A and odd-odd nuclei, pairing and the correction for the Wigner anomaly. In infinite nuclear matter, the effective nucleon mass in nuclear matter and the symmetry energy and its density dependence are discussed. To further test the validity of the Skyrme functional parameter sets, deduced from fits to mass-data, the equation of state (EOS) for asymmetric beta-equilibrium nuclear matter is constructed. The EOS, supplemented at baryon number densities (0.08 > n(b) > 0.00025) fm(-3) by Baym-Bethe-Pethick (BBP) EOS and below that by Baym-Pethick-Sutherland (BPS) EOS, is used to predict maximum mass and radius of cold (T = 0) non-rotational neutron stars as well as the binding energy and radius of a 1.4M circle dot star. The present analysis has shown that there is no significant improvement either in the rms error of fit of the Hartree-Fock mass models to existing mass-data bases, or to new mass-data, with increasing sophistication of the models and the related number of fitting parameters. Further, the Skyrme functionals obtained froth fits to nuclear masses cannot be successfully used in neutron-star models. This casts doubt on the suitability of these functionals for the description of neutron-heavy nuclei close to and beyond the neutron drip line. It is concluded that it is unlikely that the present HF mass models will ever yield atomic masses with the higher precision required by the r-process and related applications and a different approach to the calculation of masses should be sought. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stone, JR (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. NR 64 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 31 IS 11 BP R211 EP R230 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/31/11/R01 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 986QR UT WOS:000233465300002 ER PT J AU Houston, JE AF Houston, JE TI A local-probe analysis of the rheology of a "Solid liquid" SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE indentation; interfacial force microscopy; mechanical properties; rheology; viscoelastic properties ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; INTERPHASE AB Results are shown demonstrating the application of the interfacial force microscope to a study of the micro-scale mechanical properties of an extreme example of a viscoelastic material, one that is often referred to as a "solid liquid." Experiments involve relaxation measurements taken over a range of deformations, to establish linearity, and scaled according to the optically determined contact radius. In addition, the data is Fourier analyzed to obtain the frequency response of both the real and imaginary components of the shear modulus. The results from such an analysis of a single 3s measurement are shown to be in remarkable agreement with published results from a series of single-frequency measurements using a classical rheometer. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Houston, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jehoust@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 43 IS 21 BP 2993 EP 2999 DI 10.1002/polb.20598 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 974SS UT WOS:000232612300005 ER PT J AU Kataeva, I Chang, J Xu, H Luan, CH Zhou, JZ Uversky, VN Lin, DW Horanyi, P Liu, ZJ Ljungdahl, LG Rose, J Luo, M Wang, BC AF Kataeva, I Chang, J Xu, H Luan, CH Zhou, JZ Uversky, VN Lin, DW Horanyi, P Liu, ZJ Ljungdahl, LG Rose, J Luo, M Wang, BC TI Improving solubility of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Clostridium thermocellum JW-20 proteins expressed into Esherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gene cloning and expression; improvement of protein solubility; role of fusions on protein solubility ID MALTOSE-BINDING PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; FUSION PROTEINS; RANDOM-COIL; STABILITY; CHAPERONE; THERMOSTABILITY; AGGREGATION; TEMPERATURE AB Low solubility of proteins overexpressed in E. coli is a frequent problem in high-throughput structural genomics. To improve solubility of proteins from mesophilic Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum JW20, an approach was attempted that included a fusion of the target protein to a maltose-binding protein (MBP) and a decrease of induction temperature. The MBP was selected as the most efficient solubilizing carrier when compared to a glutathione S-transferase and a Nus A protein. A tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease recognition site was introduced between fused proteins using a double polymerase-chain reaction and four primers. In this way, 79 S. oneidensis proteins have been expressed in one case with an N-terminal 30-residue tag and in another case as a fusion protein with MBP. A foreign tag might significantly affect the properties of the target polypeptide. At 37 degrees C and 18 degrees C induction temperatures, only 5 and 17 tagged proteins were soluble, respectively. In fusion with MBP 4, 34, and 38 proteins were soluble upon induction at 37 degrees, 28 degrees, and 18 degrees C, respectively. The MBP is assumed to increase stability and solubility of a target protein by changing both the mechanism and the cooperativity of folding/unfolding. The 66 C. thermocellum proteins were expressed as fusion proteins with MBP. Induction at 37 degrees, 28 degrees, and 18 degrees C produced 34, 57, and 60 soluble proteins, respectively. The higher solubility of C. thermocellum proteins in comparison with the S. oneidensis proteins under similar conditions of induction correlates with the thermophilicity of the host. The two-factor Wilkinson-Harrison statistical model was used to identify soluble and insoluble proteins. Theoretical and experimental data showed good agreement for S. oneidensis proteins; however, the model failed to identify soluble/insoluble Clostridium proteins. A suggestion has been made that the Wilkinson-Harrison model is not applicable to C. thermocellum proteins because it did not account for the peculiarities of protein sequences from thermophiles. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, SE Collaboratory Struct Genom, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Biophys Sci & Engn, SE Collaboratory Struct Genom, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Instrumentat, Pushchino 142292, Moscow, Russia. Mol Kinet Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. RP Kataeva, I (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, SE Collaboratory Struct Genom, A216 Fred C Davison Life Sci Complex, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kataeva@uga.edu RI Uversky, Vladimir/F-4515-2011; Liu, Zhi-Jie/A-3946-2012 OI Uversky, Vladimir/0000-0002-4037-5857; Liu, Zhi-Jie/0000-0001-7279-2893 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62407] NR 46 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1942 EP 1951 DI 10.1021/pr050108j PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 994CH UT WOS:000234007200005 PM 16335938 ER PT J AU Patwardhan, AJ Strittmatter, EF Camp, DG Smith, RD Pallavicini, MG AF Patwardhan, AJ Strittmatter, EF Camp, DG Smith, RD Pallavicini, MG TI Comparison of normal and breast cancer cell lines using proteome, genome, and interactome data SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE post-translational modifications; breast cancer; proteome; mass spectrometry; membrane proteins; high throughput; subcellular; multidimensional liquid chromatography; functional genomics; pathways ID ELONGATION-FACTOR 1-ALPHA; C-MANNOSYLATION; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; INTERACTION NETWORKS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; O-FUCOSYLATION; ALPHA-CATENIN; MESSENGER-RNA; BETA-CATENIN AB Normal and cancer cell line proteomes were profiled using high throughput mass spectrometry techniques. Application of protein-level and peptide-level sample fractionation combined with LCMS/MS analysis enabled identification of 2235 unmodified proteins representing a broad range of functional and compartmental classes. An iterative multistep search strategy was used to identify post-translational modifications, revealing several proteins that are preferentially modified in cancer cells. Information regarding both unmodified and modified protein forms was combined with publicly available gene expression and protein-protein interaction data. The resulting integrated dataset revealed several functionally related proteins that are differentially regulated between normal and cancer cell lines. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Pallavicini, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Box 0808, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM mpallavicini@ucmerced.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86135]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR18522] NR 59 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1952 EP 1960 DI 10.1021/pr0501315 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 994CH UT WOS:000234007200006 PM 16335939 ER PT J AU Liu, T Qian, WJ Gritsenko, MA Camp, DG Monroe, ME Moore, RJ Smith, RD AF Liu, T Qian, WJ Gritsenko, MA Camp, DG Monroe, ME Moore, RJ Smith, RD TI Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human plasma; mass spectrometry; proteomics; N-glycosylation; immunoaffinity subtraction ID HUMAN SERUM PROTEOME; CYSTEINYL-PEPTIDE ENRICHMENT; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCURATE MASS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; LINKED GLYCOPROTEINS; HUMAN BLOOD; PROTEINS; CANCER; IDENTIFICATION AB The enormous complexity, wide dynamic range of relative protein abundances of interest (over 10 orders of magnitude), and tremendous heterogeneity (due to post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation) of the human blood plasma proteome severely challenge the capabilities of existing analytical methodologies. Here, we describe an approach for broad analysis of human plasma N-glycoproteins using a combination of immunoaffinity subtraction and glycoprotein capture to reduce both the protein concentration range and the overall sample complexity. Six high-abundance plasma proteins were simultaneously removed using a pre-packed, immobilized antibody column. N-linked glycoproteins were then captured from the depleted plasma using hydrazide resin and enzymatically digested, and the bound N-linked glycopeptides were released using peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). Following strong cation exchange (SCX) fractionation, the deglycosylated peptides were analyzed by reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using stringent criteria, a total of 2053 different N-glycopeptides were confidently identified, covering 303 nonredundant N-glycoproteins. This enrichment strategy significantly improved detection and enabled identification of a number of low-abundance proteins, exemplified by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (similar to 200 pg/mL), cathepsin L (similar to 1 ng/mL), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (similar to 2 ng/mL). A total of 639 N-glycosylation sites were identified, and the overall high accuracy of these glycosylation site assignments as assessed by accurate mass measurement using high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICR) is initially demonstrated. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR18522]; NIGMS NIH HHS [U54 GM-62119-02, U54 GM062119] NR 49 TC 263 Z9 549 U1 7 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 2070 EP 2080 DI 10.1021/pr0502065 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 994CH UT WOS:000234007200019 PM 16335952 ER PT J AU Wang, HX Qian, WJ Mottaz, HM Clauss, TRW Anderson, DJ Moore, RJ Camp, DG Khan, AH Sforza, DM Pallavicini, M Smith, DJ Smith, RD AF Wang, HX Qian, WJ Mottaz, HM Clauss, TRW Anderson, DJ Moore, RJ Camp, DG Khan, AH Sforza, DM Pallavicini, M Smith, DJ Smith, RD TI Development and evaluation of a micro- and nanoscale proteomic sample preparation method SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE micro- and nanoscale protein extraction; sample preparation; organic cosolvent; LC-MS/MS; proteomics ID ORGANIC-SOLVENT EXTRACTION; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BRAIN GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; ACCURATE MASS; PEPTIDE; PURIFICATION; SEPARATION; GLUCOSIDE AB Challenges associated with the efficient and effective preparation of micro- and nanoscale (micro- and nanogram) clinical specimens for proteomic applications include the unmitigated sample losses that occur during the processing steps. Herein, we describe a simple "single-tube" preparation protocol appropriate for small proteomic samples using the organic cosolvent, trifluoroethanol (TFE) that circumvents the loss of sample by facilitating both protein extraction and protein denaturation without requiring a separate cleanup step. The performance of the TFE-based method was initially evaluated by comparisons to traditional detergent-based methods on relatively large scale sample processing using human breast cancer cells and mouse brain tissue. The results demonstrated that the TFE-based protocol provided comparable results to the traditional detergent-based protocols for larger, conventionally sized proteomic samples (> 100 mu g protein content), based on both sample recovery and numbers of peptide/protein identifications. The effectiveness of this protocol for micro- and nanoscale sample processing was then evaluated for the extraction of proteins/peptides and shown effective for small mouse brain tissue samples (similar to 30 mu g total protein content) and also for samples of similar to 5000 MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (similar to 500 ng total protein content), where the detergent-based methods were ineffective due to losses during cleanup and transfer steps. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov; rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, RR018522] NR 35 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 4 IS 6 BP 2397 EP 2403 DI 10.1021/pr050160f PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 994CH UT WOS:000234007200060 PM 16335993 ER PT J AU Suzuki, Y Nankawa, T Yoshida, T Ozaki, T Ohnuki, T Francis, AJ Tsushima, S Enokida, Y Yamamoto, I AF Suzuki, Y Nankawa, T Yoshida, T Ozaki, T Ohnuki, T Francis, AJ Tsushima, S Enokida, Y Yamamoto, I TI Biodegradation of Eu(III)-citrate complexes by Pseudomonas fluorescens SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METAL-CITRATE COMPLEXES; SPECIATION; CHEMISTRY; ACID; SORPTION; GRANITE; ION AB We have investigated the structure of Eu(III)-citrate complexes in aqueous solution and their degradability by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Analysis of 1 : 1, 1 :2, and 1 :5 Eu(III): citrate solutions at pH 7 by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) showed that the 2: 2 Eu(III)-citrate complex is the predominant complex species at a low citrate/Eu(III) ratio, while at a high ratio, a 1 :2 Eu(Ill)-citrate complex is formed preferably. Studies on the biodegradation of Eu(III)-citrate complex by P. fluorescens have shown that a 2: 2 Eu(ill)-citrate complex is resistent to degradation while a 1 :2 complex transforms to a 2:2 complex with the degradation of excess citric acid. C1 Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Energy Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Nagoya Univ, Ecotopia Sci Inst, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. RP Suzuki, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Phys & Energy Engn, Chikusa Ku, Furocho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. EM h042306d@mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Tsushima, Satoru/B-4103-2008; Yamamoto, Ichiro/I-4226-2012 OI Tsushima, Satoru/0000-0002-4520-6147; NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 266 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0892-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 990XE UT WOS:000233775900006 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Work surface for soluble plutonium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISPROPORTIONATION; INTEGRALS; DIAGRAM AB A three-dimensional work surface for aqueous plutonium is illustrated. It is constructed by means of estimating work as a function of the ambient pH and redox potential in a plutonium solution. The surface is useful for illustrating the chemistry of disproportionation reactions. Work expressions are easier to use than work integrals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 266 IS 2 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0896-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 990XE UT WOS:000233775900010 ER PT J AU Egorov, GF Tkhorgnitsky, GP Romanovskiy, VN Babain, VA Smirnov, IV Law, JA Herbst, RS Todd, TA AF Egorov, GF Tkhorgnitsky, GP Romanovskiy, VN Babain, VA Smirnov, IV Law, JA Herbst, RS Todd, TA TI Radiation stability of regenerated stripping solutions for high-level waste processing SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION UNEX PROCESS; STRONTIUM; ACTINIDES; SOLVENT; CESIUM AB The radiation stability of UNEX stripping solutions containing water, methylamine carbonate, nitrilotriacetic acid, and metal salts was experimentally studied. The decomposition of the methylamine carbonate and nitrilotriacetic acid under gamma irradiation (dose: 0.29 kGy) is lower than 0.5 molecules per 100 eV or about 7.2E-04% and 0.047%, respectively. The decomposition products do not adversely affect the UNEX process up to a 3 MGy absorbed dose. The stripping solutions can be regenerated and reused. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RPA Khlopin Radium Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, AN Frumkin Electrochem Inst, Moscow 117071, Russia. RP Law, JA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016; OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950; Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 266 IS 2 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0915-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 990XE UT WOS:000233775900029 ER PT J AU Silver, GL Anderson-Cook, CM AF Silver, GL Anderson-Cook, CM TI Hydrogen generation in nitric acid solutions of plutonium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRATE SOLUTIONS AB Literature data on the radiolytic generation of hydrogen in nitric acid solutions of plutonium are used to construct a model that predicts G(H-2) as a function of the nitric acid and plutonium concentrations. The model indicates that G(H-2) decreases with increasing concentration of nitric acid, in agreement with most experimental observations. The effect of the plutonium concentration on G(H-2) is secondary to the effect of the acid concentration. An equation for interpolating Gvalues for total gas is included. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 266 IS 3 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s10967-005-0919-y PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 994IG UT WOS:000234024300002 ER PT J AU Schreck, S Robinson, M AF Schreck, S Robinson, M TI Blade three-dimensional dynamic stall response to wind turbine operating condition SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB To further reduce the cost of wind energy, future turbine designs will continue to migrate toward lighter and more flexible structures. Thus, the accuracy and reliability of aerodynamic load prediction has become a primary consideration in turbine design codes. Dynamically stalled flows routinely generated during yawed operation are powerful and potentially destructive, as well as complex and difficult to model. As a prerequisite to aerodynamics model improvements, wind turbine dynamic stall must be characterized in detail and thoroughly understood. The current study analyzed turbine blade surface pressure data and local inflow data acquired by the NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment during the NASA Ames wind tunnel experiment. Analyses identified and characterized two key dynamic stall processes, vortex initiation and vortex convection, across a broad parameter range. Results showed that both initiation and convection exhibited pronounced three-dimensional kinematics, which responded in systematic fashion to variations in wind speed, turbine yaw angle, and radial location. C1 NRELs Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Appl Res Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Schreck, S (reprint author), NRELs Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Appl Res Div, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.1115/1.2035706 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 982SF UT WOS:000233181200007 ER PT J AU Lobitz, DW AF Lobitz, DW TI Parameter sensitivities affecting the flutter speed of a MW-sized blade SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE classical flutter; flutter parameter sensitivity; wind turbine blade AB With the current trend toward larger and larger horizontal axis wind turbines, classical flutter is becoming a more critical issue. Recent studies have indicated that for a single blade turning in still air the flutter speed for a modern 35 m blade occurs at approximately twice its operating speed (2 per rev), whereas for smaller blades (5-9 m), both modern and early designs, the flutter speeds are in the range of 3.5-6 per rev. Scaling studies demonstrate that the per rev flutter speed should not change with scale. Thus, design requirements that change with increasing blade size are producing the concurrent reduction in per rev flutter speeds. In comparison with an early small blade design (5 m blade), flutter computations indicate that the non rotating modes which combine to create the flutter mode change as the blade becomes larger (i.e., for the larger blade the second flapwise mode, as opposed to the first flapwise mode for the smaller blade, combines with the first torsional mode to produce the flutter mode). For the more modern smaller blade design (9 m blade), results show that the non rotating modes that couple are similar to those of the larger blade. For the wings of fixed-wing aircraft, it is common knowledge that judicious selection of certain design parameters can increase the airspeed associated with the onset of flutter. Two parameters, the chordwise location of the center of mass and the ratio of the flapwise natural frequency to the torsional natural frequency, are especially significant. In this paper studies are performed to determine the sensitivity of the per rev flutter speed to these parameters for a 35 m wind turbine blade. Additional studies are performed to determine which structural characteristics of the blade are most significant in explaining the previously mentioned per rev flutter speed differences. As a point of interest, flutter results are also reported for two recently designed 9 m twist/coupled blades. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lobitz, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS0708, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwlobit@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 538 EP 543 DI 10.1115/1.2037091 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 982SF UT WOS:000233181200012 ER PT J AU Sutherland, HJ Mandell, JF AF Sutherland, HJ Mandell, JF TI Optimized constant-life diagram for the analysis of fiberglass composites used in wind turbine blades SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Mandell et al. have recently presented an updated constant-life diagram (CLD) for a fiberglass composite that is a typical wind turbine blade material. Their formulation uses the MSU/DOE fatigue data base to develop a CLD with detailed S-N information at 13 R-values. This diagram is the most detailed to date, and it includes several loading conditions that have been poorly represented in earlier studies. Sutherland and Mandell have used this formulation to analyze typical loads data from operating wind farms and the,failure of coupons subjected to spectral loading. The detailed CLD used in these analyses requires a significant investment in materials testing that is usually outside the bounds of typical design standards for wind turbine blades. Thus, the question has become: How many S-N curves are required for the construction of a CLD that is sufficient for an "accurate" prediction of equivalent fatigue loads and service lifetimes? To answer this question, the load data from two operating wind turbines and the failure of coupons tested using the WISPERX spectra are analyzed using a nonlinear damage model. For the analysis, the predicted service lifetimes that are based on the CLD constructed from 13 R-values are compared to the predictions,for CLDs constructed with fewer R-values. The results illustrate the optimum number of R-values is 5 with them concentrated between R-values of -2 and 0.5, or -2 and 0.7. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sutherland, HJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hjsuthe@sandia.gov; johnm@coe.montana.edu NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 563 EP 569 DI 10.1115/1.2047589 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 982SF UT WOS:000233181200015 ER PT J AU Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP Romanowitz, H Yinger, R AF Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP Romanowitz, H Yinger, R TI Self-excitation and harmonics in wind power generation SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Traditional wind turbines are commonly equipped with induction generators because they are inexpensive, rugged, and require very little maintenance. Unfortunately, induction generators require reactive power from the grid to operate; capacitor compensation is often used. Because the level of required reactive power varies with the output power; the capacitor compensation must be adjusted as the output power varies. The interactions among the wind turbine, the power network, and the capacitor compensation are important aspects of wind generation that may result in self-excitation and higher harmonic content in the output current. This paper examines the factors that control these phenomena and gives some guidelines on how they can be controlled or eliminated. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Creek Energy Syst Inc, Mojave, CA 93501 USA. So Calif Edison Co, Rosemead, CA 91770 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 581 EP 587 DI 10.1115/1.2047590 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 982SF UT WOS:000233181200017 ER PT J AU Li, ZF Li, GB Sun, JL You, LP Loong, CK Wang, YX Liao, FH Lin, JH AF Li, ZF Li, GB Sun, JL You, LP Loong, CK Wang, YX Liao, FH Lin, JH TI Synthesis and characterization of a Ruddlesden-Popper compound: Sr3FeMoO7 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sr3FeMoO7; magnetic structure; Ruddlesden-Popper phase; neutron diffraction ID STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY; PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SR2FEMOO6; PHASES; MAGNETISM; OXIDES; ANALOG; N=1; CA AB A powder sample of Sr3FeMoO7 was synthesized by solid-state reaction in reduced atmosphere (5% H-2/Ar). At room temperature, Sr3FeMoO7 qystallizes in a typical Ruddlesden-Popper (n = 2) structure in the space group I4/mmm, a = 3.9309(2) and c = 20.435(2) angstrom. The structure refinement indicates that the Fe and Mo ions are randomly distributed in a single B-site with small fraction of B-site and oxygen vacancies. At low temperature, long-range magnetic interaction was observed. The antiferromagnetic magnetic interaction can be described with a large unit cell, a(m) = b(m) = root 2a(n) and c(m) = c(n), in the magnetic space group An'. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Coll Phys, Electron Microscopy Lab, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lin, JH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jhlin@pku.edu.cn RI Li, Guobao/F-3690-2016 OI Li, Guobao/0000-0003-3061-193X NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 178 IS 11 BP 3315 EP 3322 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.08.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 992OV UT WOS:000233894400013 ER PT J AU Dabrowski, B Caspi, EN Kolesnik, S Chmaissem, O Mais, J Jorgensen, JD AF Dabrowski, B Caspi, EN Kolesnik, S Chmaissem, O Mais, J Jorgensen, JD TI Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of SrMn1-xGaxO3-delta (x=0-0.5) perovskites SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perovskites; synthesis; neutron powder diffraction; crystal structure; magnetic structure ID MANGANITES; DISORDER; RULES AB We report the synthesis of SrMn1-xGaxO3-delta perovskite compounds and describe the dependence of their phase stability and structural and physical properties over extended cation and oxygen composition ranges. Using special synthesis techniques derived from thermogravimetric measurements, we have extended the solubility limit of random substitution of Ga3+ for Mn in the cubic perovskite phase to x = 0.5. In the cubic perovskite phase the maximum oxygen content is close to 3-x/2, which corresponds to 100% Mn4+. Maximally oxygenated solid solution compounds are found to order antiferromagnetically for x = 0-0.4, with the transition temperature linearly decreasing as Ga content increases. Increasing the Ga content introduces frustration into the magnetic system and a spin-glass state is observed for SrMn0.5Ga0.5O2.67(3) below 12 K. These properties are markedly different from the long-range antiferromagnetic order below 180 K observed for the layer-ordered compound Sr2MnGaO5.50 with nominally identical chemical composition. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Phys Dept, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Caspi, EN (reprint author), Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Phys Dept, POB 9001, IL-84190 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM caspie@nrcn.org.il NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 178 IS 11 BP 3453 EP 3460 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.08.031 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 992OV UT WOS:000233894400031 ER PT J AU Varga, T Wilkinson, AP Haluska, MS Payzant, EA AF Varga, T Wilkinson, AP Haluska, MS Payzant, EA TI Preparation and thermal expansion of ((M0.5M)-M-III '(V)(0.5)) P2O7 with the cubic ZrP2O7 structure SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thermal expansion; phase transition; order-disorder ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT ELECTRON; PHASE-TRANSITION BEHAVIOR; LEAD INDIUM NIOBATE; SOLID-STATE NMR; SYSTEM; FERROELECTRICS; SUPERSTRUCTURE; PYROPHOSPHATE; DISORDER; DIFFRACTION AB A series of compounds (M-0.5(III) M'(V)(0.5))P2O7, M-III M'(v) = AlTa, FeTa, GaTa, InNb, YNb, NdTa, and BiTa that are close structural relatives of cubic ZrP2O7 were p'repared. Annealing samples with M-III M'(V) = InNb or YNb at temperatures above 600 degrees C did not lead to any long-range cation ordering. The thermal expansion characteristics of samples quenched from 1000 degrees C with M-III M'(V) = AlTa, InNb and YNb were investigated by high-temperature powder diffraction over the temperature range 25-600 degrees C. There are no lattice constant discontinuities in this range, unlike ZrP2O7 center dot (A1(0.5)Ta(0.5))P2O7 and (In0.5Nb0.5)P2O7 show linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of 11.5(2) x 10(-6) and 11.8(2) x 10(-6) K-1, respectively. These values are similar to that for the low-temperature ZrP2O7 structure. However, the linear CTE for (Y0.5Nb0.5)P2O7 (4.8(2) x 10(-6) K-1) is similar to that of the high-temperature form of ZrP2O7. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilkinson, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM angus.wilkinson@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 178 IS 11 BP 3541 EP 3546 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.09.006 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 992OV UT WOS:000233894400043 ER PT J AU Macaluso, RT Millican, JN Nakatsuji, S Lee, HO Carter, B Moreno, NO Fisk, Z Chan, JY AF Macaluso, RT Millican, JN Nakatsuji, S Lee, HO Carter, B Moreno, NO Fisk, Z Chan, JY TI A comparison of the structure and localized magnetism in Ce2PdGa12 with the heavy fermion CePdGa6 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heavy fermion; metamagnet; CePdGa6; Ce2PdGa12; single crystal; intermetallics ID ND; GALLIUM; METALS; GA AB Single crystals of Ce2PdGa12 have been synthesized in Ga flux and characterized by X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/nbm space group, Z = 2 with lattice parameters of a = 6.1040(2) angstrom and c = 15.5490(6) angstrom. It shows strongly anisotropic magnetism and orders antiferromagnetically at T(N)similar to 11 K. A field-induced metamagnetic transition to the ferromagnetic state is observed below T-N. Structure-property relationships with the related heavy-fermion antiferromagnet CePdGa6 are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chan, JY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jchan@lsu.edu RI Moreno, Nelson/H-1708-2012; Chan, Julia/C-5392-2008 OI Moreno, Nelson/0000-0002-1672-4340; Chan, Julia/0000-0003-4434-2160 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 178 IS 11 BP 3547 EP 3553 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.09.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 992OV UT WOS:000233894400044 ER PT J AU Whitehead, JC AF Whitehead, JC TI Trajectory analysis and staging trades for smaller Mars ascent vehicles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 40th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 11-15, 2004 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID SAMPLE RETURN AB Mars ascent trajectories are calculated for small-scale vehicles that would improve the affordability of Mars sample return. Vehicle size, thrust levels, staging, and the importance of atmospheric drag are all taken into consideration. The high acceleration of conventional solid rockets requires a steep trajectory for drag avoidance, followed by a relatively large circularization burn, appropriate for a second stage. Lower thrust reduces total Delta v because reduced drag permits less steep trajectories that require small circularization burns. The results suggest the development of miniature liquid-propelled vehicles or advanced solid rockets having reduced thrust and multiple-burn capability. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Whitehead, JC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mail Stop L-413, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.2514/1.10680 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 993UA UT WOS:000233979400011 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, E Redner, S AF Ben-Naim, E Redner, S TI Dynamics of social diversity SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE critical phenomena of socio-economic systems; interacting agent models; scaling in socio-economic systems; stochastic processes ID HIERARCHIES; KINETICS; MODEL AB We introduce and solve analytically a model for the development of disparate social classes in a competitive population. Individuals advance their fitness by competing against those in lower classes, and in parallel, individuals decline due to inactivity. We find a phase transition from a homogeneous, single-class society to a hierarchical, multi-class society. In the former case, the population is uniformly poor. In the latter case, a finite-fraction condensate that consists of a static lower class remains. The rest of the population consists of an upwardly mobile middle class, on top of which lies a tiny upper class in the form of a thin boundary layer. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Ben-Naim, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ebn@lanl.gov; redner@cnls.lanl.gov RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009 OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD NOV PY 2005 AR L11002 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2005/11/L11002 PG 8 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 994BM UT WOS:000234004800001 ER PT J AU Shin, DH Lou, Y Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH AF Shin, DH Lou, Y Jancarik, J Yokota, H Kim, R Kim, SH TI Crystal structure of TM1457 from Thermotoga maritima SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TM1457; Gi 4982022; crystal structure; hypothetical protein; DUF464 ID THERMUS-THERMOPHILUS HB8; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; CLASSIFICATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DATABASE AB The crystal structure of a hypothetical protein, TM 1457, from Thermotoga maritima has been determined at 2.0 angstrom resolution. TM1457 belongs to the DUF464 family (57 members) for which there is no known function. The structure shows that it is composed of two helices in contact with one side of a five-stranded beta-sheet. Two identical monomers form a pseudo-dimer in the asymmetric unit. There is a large cleft between the first alpha-helix and the second beta-strand. This cleft may be functionally important, since the two highly conserved motifs, GHA and VCAXV(S/T), are located around the cleft. A structural comparison of TM1457 with known protein structures shows the best hit with another hypothetical protein, Yb1001C from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, though they share low structural similarity. Therefore, TM1457 still retains a unique topology and reveals a novel fold. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ewha Womans Univ, Coll Pharm, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley Struct Genom Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SHKim@cchern.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 62412] NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 152 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.08.008 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 988GH UT WOS:000233580000003 PM 16242963 ER PT J AU Mathis, MM Kerbyson, DJ AF Mathis, MM Kerbyson, DJ TI A general performance model of structured and unstructured mesh particle transport computations SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Performance Modelling, Evaluation, and Optimization of Parallel and Distributed Systems held in Conjunction with the 18th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL Santa Fe, NM DE performance modeling; performance analysis; high performance computing; SN transport; unstructured meshes; parallel processing; large-scale systems AB The performance of unstructured mesh applications presents a number of complexities and subtleties that do not arise for dense structured meshes. From a programming point of view, the handling of unstructured meshes has an increased complexity in order to manage the necessary data structures and interactions between mesh-cells. From a performance point of view, there are added difficulties in understanding both the processing time on a single processor and the scaling characteristics when using large-scale parallel systems. In this work we present a general performance model for the calculation of deterministic S-N transport on unstructured meshes that is also applicable to structured meshes. The model captures the key processing characteristics of the calculation and is parametric using both system performance data (latency, bandwidth, processing rate etc.) and application data (mesh size etc.) as input. A single formulation of the model is used to predict the performance of two quite different implementations of the same calculation. It is validated on two clusters (an HP AlphaServer and an Itanium-2 system) showing high prediction accuracy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mathis, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, POB 1663,CCS-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mmathis@lanl.gov; djk@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 181 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s11227-005-2339-8 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 961OL UT WOS:000231671600006 ER PT J AU Mena, JM de Leon, JM Bishop, AR AF Mena, JM de Leon, JM Bishop, AR TI Polaron formation in a model Hamiltonian with covalent electron-phonon interactions SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscale Heterogeneity and Quantum Phenomena in Complex Matter CY SEP 26-OCT 01, 2004 CL Rome, ITALY DE electron-phonon coupling; structural distortions; SSH Hamiltonian ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; LATTICE; LA1.85SR0.15CUO4; POLARIZABILITY; SOLITONS; SYSTEM; TC AB We have performed an exact diagonalization of a many body Hamiltonian that includes electron correlations and electron-phonon interactions. Electronic and phononic parameters entering in the Hamiltonian were chosen for the cluster O(4)-Cu-O(4) cluster in YBa2Cu3O7. Electronic and phononic degrees of freedom are coupled through the bare electron hopping, as in the Su-Schieffer-Heeger (SSH) Hamiltonian [W. P. Su et al., Phys. Rev. Lent. 42, 1698 (1979); A. J. Heeger, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 781 (1988)]. Fixing all parameters entering in the model Hamiltonian, the electron-phonon coupling was varied in order to reproduce structural short-range distortions found in the z-axis direction for YBa2-Cu3O7. Although the inferred structural distortions are reproduced, we find that this type of coupling, unlike the electron-phonon coupling introduced in Peierls-Hubbard models, does not lead to excitations with polaronic energies and negative isotopic shifts typical of polaronic excitations. C1 CINVESTAV, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP CINVESTAV, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0896-1107 J9 J SUPERCOND JI J. Supercond. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5-6 BP 723 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s10948-005-0071-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 033LP UT WOS:000236849600024 ER PT J AU Hall, NA Bicen, B Jeelani, MK Lee, W Qureshi, S Degertekin, FL Okandan, M AF Hall, NA Bicen, B Jeelani, MK Lee, W Qureshi, S Degertekin, FL Okandan, M TI Micromachined microphones with diffraction-based optical displacement detection SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRIC DETECTION; SILICON MICROPHONES; VIBRATION SENSORS; NOISE; FABRICATION; DESIGN AB Micromachined microphones with diffraction-based optical displacement detection are introduced. The approach enables interferometric displacement detection sensitivity in a system that can be optoelectronically integrated with a multichip module into mm(3) volumes without beamsplitters, focusing optics, or critical alignment problems. Prototype devices fabricated using Sandia National Laboratories' silicon based SwIFT-Lite (TM) process are presented and characterized in detail. Integrated electrostatic actuation capabilities of the microphone diaphragm are used to perform dynamic characterization in vacuum and air environments to study the acoustic impedances in an equivalent circuit model of the device. The characterization results are used to predict the thermal mechanical noise spectrum, which is in excellent agreement with measurements performed in an anechoic test chamber. An A weighted displacement noise of 2.4 x 10(-2) angstrom measured from individual prototype 2100 mu m x 2100 mu m diaphragms demonstrates the potential for achieving precision measurement quality microphone performance from elements I mm 2 in size. The high sensitivity to size ratio coupled with the ability to fabricate elements with precisely matched properties on the same silicon chip may make the approach ideal for realizing high fidelity miniature microphone arrays (sub-cm(2) aperture) employing recently developed signal processing algorithms for sound source separation and localization in the audio frequency range. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hall, NA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nahall@sandia.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 118 IS 5 BP 3000 EP 3009 DI 10.1121/1.2062429 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 984CY UT WOS:000233281300029 ER PT J AU Fisher, KA Lehman, SK Chambers, DH AF Fisher, KA Lehman, SK Chambers, DH TI Development of a multiview time-domain imaging algorithm with a Fermat correction SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID TOMOGRAPHY AB An imaging algorithm is presented based on the standard assumption that the total scattered field can be separated into an elastic component with monopolelike dependence and an inertial component with dipolelike dependence. The resulting inversion generates two separate image maps corresponding to the monopole and dipole terms of the forward model. The complexity of imaging flaws and defects in layered elastic media is further compounded by the existence of high contrast gradients in either sound speed and/or density from layer to layer. To compensate for these gradients, we have incorporated Fermat's method of least time into our forward model to determine the appropriate delays between individual source-receiver pairs. Preliminary numerical and experimental results are in good agreement with each other. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. RP Fisher, KA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-333, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. EM fisher34@llnl.gov; lehman2@llnl.gov; chambers2@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 118 IS 5 BP 3122 EP 3128 DI 10.1021/1.2048927 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 984CY UT WOS:000233281300042 ER PT J AU Wang, YG An, LN Fan, Y Zhang, LG Burton, S Gan, ZH AF Wang, YG An, LN Fan, Y Zhang, LG Burton, S Gan, ZH TI Oxidation of polymer-derived SiAlCN ceramics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON CARBONITRIDE; CATALYST-ASSISTED PYROLYSIS; C-N CERAMICS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-OXIDATION; VITREOUS SILICA; PRECURSOR; KINETICS; BEHAVIOR; CORROSION AB The oxidation behavior of polymer-derived amorphous SiAlCNs was studied in the temperature range of 900 degrees-1200 degrees C. The results revealed that while at 900 degrees C the oxidation of the SiAlCNs follows typical parabolic kinetics, at higher temperatures the oxidation rates of the materials decrease with annealing time. Long-term oxidation rate of the SiAlCNs is much lower than the lowest values reported for chemical vapor deposition of SiC and Si(3)N(4). Structures of the oxide scales were studied using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. We proposed that oxide scales formed for the SiAlCNs possess a unique network structure of the oxide scale in which aluminum atoms block the path of oxygen diffusion, thus lowering the oxidation rates. Such a unique structure was likely formed gradually with annealing time, leading to a continuous decrease in oxidation rate. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Opt Fine Mech & Phys, Lab Excited State Proc, Changchun 130032, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ctr Interdisciplinary Magnet Resonance, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP An, LN (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM lan@mail.ucf.edu RI Gan, Zhehong/C-2400-2011 NR 45 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 11 BP 3075 EP 3080 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00542.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 976ZV UT WOS:000232773100015 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Nozawa, T Snead, LL AF Katoh, Y Nozawa, T Snead, LL TI Mechanical properties of thin pyrolitic carbon interphase SiC-Matrix composites reinforced with near-stoichiometric SiC fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; HYSTERESIS MEASUREMENTS; CONSTITUENT PROPERTIES; SICF/SIC COMPOSITES; FLEXURAL PROPERTIES; STRENGTH; IRRADIATION; REACTORS; BEHAVIOR AB Tensile properties of Tyranno (TM)-SA near-stoichiometric silicon carbide (SiC)-fiber-reinforced chemically vapor-infiltrated SiC-matrix composites with pyrolytic carbon interphases were experimentally studied. The influence of interphase thickness in a range of 60-300 nm on the tensile properties of the materials appeared to be generally minor. Thin interphase (< 100 nm) did not have a significant deteriorating effect on composite properties, which has commonly been reported for conventional SiC-fiber composites. For very thin interphase (< 60 nm) composites, a slight decrease in fracture strain and a substantial increase in interfacial sliding stress were noted. Increases in ultimate tensile strength and fracture strain were observed at a much thicker interphase (> 600 nm) at the expense of composite stiffness. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat & Ceram Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM katohy@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 11 BP 3088 EP 3095 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00546.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 976ZV UT WOS:000232773100017 ER PT J AU Xu, GH Liang, H Woodford, JB Johnson, JA AF Xu, GH Liang, H Woodford, JB Johnson, JA TI Temperature dependence of diamondlike carbon film tribological characteristics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION METHOD; FRICTION; SUBSTRATE; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; ICE AB The tribological characteristics of a diamondlike carbon (DLC) film deposited on high-speed steel were investigated systematically by using a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer over a range of temperatures (from -40 degrees to 20 degrees C). The results indicated that the temperature dependence of the DLC film's tribological behavior was associated with the counterpart material. DLC presented favorable tribological behavior while sliding on itself. However, when a steel ball slides against the DLC film, there is evidence that the heat generated has a significant impact on friction and wear. Microanalysis of wear tracks on the films showed that multiple wear mechanisms took place during testing. At higher temperatures, material transfer dominated the wear behavior, while fatigue-induced microcracking was the predominant wear mechanism at low temperatures. Raman analysis indicated that the DLC film was mechanically worn rather than removed by tribochemical interactions between the friction pairs. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Mech Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaj@anl.gov RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 11 BP 3110 EP 3115 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00566.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 976ZV UT WOS:000232773100020 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Shutthanandan, V Zhang, Y Thevuthasan, S Duscher, G AF Wang, CM Shutthanandan, V Zhang, Y Thevuthasan, S Duscher, G TI Atomic resolution imaging of Au nanocluster dispersed in TiO2, SrTiO3, and MgO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; TIO2(110); CLUSTERS; GROWTH; RECONSTRUCTION; MORPHOLOGY; OPTICS; SCALE AB Gold nanoclusters dispersed in single crystal TiO2, MgO, and SrTiO3 have been prepared by ion implantation at 300-975 K and subsequent annealing at 1275 K for 10 h. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging in aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) have been used to characterize the microstructure of the gold nanoclusters dispersed materials. STEM-HAADF imaging with atomic resolution has directly revealed for all three materials that Au atoms partially occupy cation lattice positions. Cavities up to several tens of nanometers were observed in MgO and SrTiO3. The cavities and gold clusters are spatially associated in MgO and SrTiO3, indicating a strong interaction between the Au cluster and cavities. For MgO and SrTiO3, the faceting planes appear to be the same for both nanometer-sized cavity and the Au cluster, demonstrating that both the surface energy and the interfacial energy between Au cluster and the matrix are lowest on these planes. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongmin.wang@pnl.gov RI Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 88 IS 11 BP 3184 EP 3191 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00579.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 976ZV UT WOS:000232773100031 ER PT J AU Czerwieniec, GA Russell, SC Lebrilla, CB Coffee, KR Riot, V Steele, PT Frank, M Gard, EE AF Czerwieniec, GA Russell, SC Lebrilla, CB Coffee, KR Riot, V Steele, PT Frank, M Gard, EE TI Improved sensitivity and mass range in time-of-flight bioaerosol mass spectrometry using an electrostatic ion guide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED LASER-DESORPTION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; MATRIX IONS; IONIZATION; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; RESOLUTION; MALDI; DYNAMICS; DISINTEGRATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Bioearosol mass spectrometry (BAMS) analyzes single particles in real time from ambient air, placing strict demands on instrument sensitivity. Modeling of the BAMS reflectron time of flight (TOF) with SIMION revealed design limitations associated with ion transmission and instrument sensitivity at higher masses. Design and implementation of a BAMS linear TOF with electrostatic ion guide and delayed extraction capabilities has greatly increased the sensitivity and mass range relative to the reflectron design. Initial experimental assessment of the new instrument design revealed improved sensitivity at high masses as illustrated when using standard particles of cytochrome C (m/z similar to 12,000), from which the compound's monomer, dimer (m/z similar to 24,000) and trimer (m/z similar to 36,000) were readily detected. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lebrilla, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cblebrilla@ucdavis.edu RI Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1866 EP 1875 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.06.013 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 981NP UT WOS:000233095600018 PM 16198596 ER PT J AU Stock, C Luo, H Viehland, D Li, JF Swainson, IP Birgeneau, RJ Shirane, G AF Stock, C Luo, H Viehland, D Li, JF Swainson, IP Birgeneau, RJ Shirane, G TI Strong influence of the diffuse component on the lattice dynamics in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE diffuse scattering; relaxors; structural transitions; neutron scattering ID RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PHONON; CRYSTALS; MODE; SRTIO3 AB The temperature and zone dependence of the lattice dynamics in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 is characterized using neutron inelastic scattering. Through a detailed study of the phonon lineshape and a comparison of the structure factors to SrTiO3, we conclude that the coupling between the acoustic and optic modes is weak. However, based on a direct comparison between the (110) Brillouin zone where the diffuse scattering is strong to the (220) zone where the diffuse scattering is weak, a strong coupling between the diffuse component and low-energy acoustic phonon mode is observed. We conclude that the coupling to the diffuse component is the reason for several recent conflicting interpretations of the lattice dynamics based on data from zones with a strong diffuse component. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. CNR, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 74 IS 11 BP 3002 EP 3010 DI 10.1143/JPBJ.74.3002 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 985YF UT WOS:000233414100028 ER PT J AU Pak, J Qiu, W Pyda, M Nowak-Pyda, E Wunderlich, B AF Pak, J Qiu, W Pyda, M Nowak-Pyda, E Wunderlich, B TI Can one measure precise heat capacities with DSC or TMDSC? A study of the baseline and heat-flow rate correction SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE baseline; DSC; heat capacity; instrument lag; precision; thermal resistance; TMDSC ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURE MODULATION; HIGH POLYMERS; MOLAR-MASS; GEL-SPUN; MACROMOLECULES; POLYETHYLENE; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYPROPYLENE AB During a prior study of gel-spun fibers of ultrahigh-molar-mass polyethylene, a substantial error was observed on calculating the heat capacity with a deformed pan, caused by the lateral expansion of the fibers on shrinking during fusion. In this paper, the causes of this and other effects that limit the precision of heat capacity measurements by DSC and TMDSC are explored. It is shown that the major cause of error in the DSC is not a change in thermal resistance due to the limited contact of the fibers with the pan or the deformed pan with the platform, but a change in the baseline. In TMDSC, the frequency-dependence is changed. Since irreversible changes in the baseline can occur also for other reasons, inspections of the pan after the measurement are necessary for precision measurements. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM athas@utk.edu NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 82 IS 3 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1007/s10973-005-0935-8 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 001VM UT WOS:000234570800006 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Alton, GD AF Zhang, Y Alton, GD TI Modeling complex vapor-transport systems using Monte-Carlo techniques: Radioactive ion beam applications SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; EFFICIENCY; RELEASE AB A Monte-Carlo code has been developed that can be used to optimally design vapor transport systems for isotope-separator-on-line-based radioactive ion beam facilities in lieu of costly iterative trial and error design methods. The code provides a powerful means for delineating diffusion-release and effusive-flow (molecular-flow) processes, in combination, the delay times of which are principal intensity limiters of short-lived radioactive species at such facilities. The code provides time dependent particle evacuation, average distance traveled per particle, and particle/wall interaction information during particle transit through a given vapor-transport system under molecular-how conditions, independent of the chemistry between particles of interest and the materials of which the transport system are constructed; In addition, the code provides powerful graphical insight via particle trajectories that serve as strong assets in arriving at a final design by identifying regions within the transport system where hold-up times are problematical. In this article, we compare simulation and experimental measurement results for transport of noble gases through selected vapor-transport systems using both cosine and isotropic particle re-emission distributions about the normal to the surface following adsorption (isotropic re-emission distributions are-found to be in close agreement with experimental measurements) and describe a concept vapor-transport system that reduces transport times over those of conventional systems by >two orders of magnitude. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM altongd@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1558 EP 1567 DI 10.1116/1.2056553 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 985RL UT WOS:000233395800012 ER PT J AU Salvadori, MC Martins, DR Mansano, RD Verdonck, P Brown, IG AF Salvadori, MC Martins, DR Mansano, RD Verdonck, P Brown, IG TI Diamond microstructures fabricated using silicon molds SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MEMS; MEMBRANES; REPLICAS; POROSITY AB We have fabricated diamond microstructures using silicon molds into which microcrystalline diamond was deposited by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. Prior to diamond deposition the silicon molds were seeded with the diamond powder of two different grain sizes, 1/4 and 1 mu m. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to view and characterize the resultant diamond microstructures. Analysis of the diamond replicas indicates better reproduction fidelity for the 1/4 mu m diamond powder, and a surface roughness of 20 nm. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Escola Politecn, Lab Integrated Syst, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salvadori, MC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RI Mansano, Ronaldo/A-3888-2008; Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013 OI Mansano, Ronaldo/0000-0002-9567-1813; NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1578 DI 10.1116/1.2091095 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 985RL UT WOS:000233395800014 ER PT J AU Mayer, TM Adams, DP Vasile, MJ Archuleta, KM AF Mayer, TM Adams, DP Vasile, MJ Archuleta, KM TI Morphology evolution on diamond surfaces during ion sputtering SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID RIPPLE TOPOGRAPHY; ROUGHENING INSTABILITY; SAMPLE ROTATION; BOMBARDED SI; SILICON; EROSION; ENERGY; MECHANISMS; YIELD; BEAMS AB We have conducted an extensive study of the evolution of surface morphology of single crystal diamond surfaces during sputtering by 20 keV Ga+ and Ga++H2O. We observe the formation of well-ordered ripples on the surface for angles of incidence between 40 and 70 degrees. We have also measured sputter yields as a function of angle of incidence, and ripple wavelength and amplitude dependence on angle of incidence and ion fluence. Smooth surface morphology is observed for < 40 degrees, and a transition to a step-and-terrace structure is observed for > 70 degrees. The formation and evolution of well-ordered surface ripples is well characterized by the model of Bradley and Harper, where sputter-induced roughening is balanced by surface transport smoothing. Smoothing is consistent with an ion-induced viscous relaxation mechanism. Ripple amplitude saturates at high ion fluence, confirming the effect of nonlinear processes. Differences between Ga+ and Ga++H2O in ripple wavelength, amplitude, and time to saturation of amplitude are consistent with the increased sputter yield observed for Ga++H2O. For angle of incidence < 40 degrees, an ion bombardment-induced "atomic drift" mechanism for surface smoothing may be responsible for suppression of ripple formation. For Ga++H2O, we observe anomalous formation of very large amplitude and wavelength, poorly ordered surface ridges for angle of incidence near 40 degrees. Finally, we observe that ripple initiation on smooth surfaces can take place by initial stochastic roughening followed by evolution of increasingly well-ordered ripples. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayer, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmmayer@sandia.gov NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1579 EP 1587 DI 10.1116/1.2110386 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 985RL UT WOS:000233395800015 ER PT J AU Le Pimpec, F Kirby, RE King, FK Pivi, M AF Le Pimpec, F Kirby, RE King, FK Pivi, M TI Electron conditioning of technical aluminium surfaces: Effect on the secondary electron yield SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; AIR; AL AB The effect of electron conditioning on commercially available aluminium alloys 1100 and 6063 was investigated. Contrary to the assumption that electron conditioning, if performed long enough, can reduce and stabilize the secondary electron yield (SEY) to low values (<= 1.3, the value for many pure elements), the SEY of aluminium did not go lower than 1.8. In fact, it reincreased with continued electron exposure dose. The SEY was monitored as a function of electron dose and the surface chemistry was measured with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS carbon and aluminium core levels showed that the late increase in SEY is due to electron desorption of adsorbed gas, thereby exposing high-SEY Al2O3.(c) (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kirby, RE (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rek@slac.stanford.edu NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1610 EP 1618 DI 10.1116/1.2049306 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 985RL UT WOS:000233395800020 ER PT J AU Cicerrella, E Freeouf, JL Edge, LF Schlom, DG Heeg, T Schubert, J Chambers, SA AF Cicerrella, E Freeouf, JL Edge, LF Schlom, DG Heeg, T Schubert, J Chambers, SA TI Optical properties of La-based high-K dielectric films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AVS International Symposium CY NOV 14-19, 2004 CL Anaheim, CA SP AVS ID HFO2 THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; GATE DIELECTRICS; AMORPHOUS LAALO3; SILICON; DEPOSITION; SI; MOSFETS; OXIDES; GAP AB We have characterized thin films of LaScO3 and LaAlO3 which were grown by molecular beam deposition on Si substrates. Samples of LaScO3 were also grown by pulsed laser deposition on MgO substrates. Using transmission studies between 1.5 and 6 eV, we have established that low temperature deposition leads to a reduced band gap with respect to the bulk crystal. Furthermore, using spectroscopic ellipsometry from 5 to 9 eV we observe substantial differences in near-band gap absorption between thin and thicker films for both materials. We obtain a band gap of 5.84 eV for the thinner film of LaAlO3, whereas we find a band gap of 6.33 eV for the thicker film of LaAlO3. Similarly we find band gaps of 5.5 and 5.96 eV, respectively, for thin and thick films of LaScO3. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Schichten & Grenzflachen, ISG 1 IT, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, CNI, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Freeouf, JL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM jfreeouf@pdx.edu RI Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Schubert, Jurgen/K-9543-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Schubert, Jurgen/0000-0003-0185-6794 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1676 EP 1680 DI 10.1116/1.2056555 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 985RL UT WOS:000233395800028 ER PT J AU Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Lea, AS Saraf, LV AF Baer, DR Engelhard, MH Lea, AS Saraf, LV TI Simple method for estimating and comparing x-ray damage rates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; DEGRADATION AB In this note we describe an approach for estimating and comparing rates or thresholds for x-ray-induced specimen damage during surface analysis. The method uses a common reference material to compare x-ray damage rates reported in the literature and in publications to the rates of damage that may occur on a specific instrument. Although the method makes several assumptions that are only partially valid, results from a few damage datasets appear acceptably consistent when comparing estimates to a time for 10% damage or signal change. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM don.baer@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1740 EP 1744 DI 10.1116/1.2073387 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 985RL UT WOS:000233395800039 ER PT J AU Prisbrey, ST Vernon, SP Clift, WM AF Prisbrey, ST Vernon, SP Clift, WM TI Iridium/silicon capping layer for soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet mirrors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER MIRRORS; MO/SI MULTILAYERS; OXIDATION; PERFORMANCE; TRANSITION; SILICIDES; STABILITY; COATINGS; DESIGN; IR AB Iridium terminated silicon spacer layers on Mo/Si multilayer mirrors fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering are investigated for temporal stability. Samples maintained in atmosphere for periods of more than 3000 hours show: Ir terminating layers > 16 angstrom thick are stable, layers with thicknesses between similar to 10 and 16 angstrom are not stable, and thicknesses between -7 and 10 A are stable after a loss m reflectance of similar to 1%. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reflectance. atomic force microscopy. sputter Auger electron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the terminating layer is, in reality, an alloy with graded composition that is Ir rich at the surface. The compositional gradient causes a degradation in reflectance from 66% for Si terminated multilayers to similar to 63% for Ir terminated samples (thickness 18.7 angstrom). A sudden onset of oxidation induced silicon transport for deposited layers of Ir similar to 10-16 angstrom thick produces a degradation in EUV reflectance upon exposure to atmosphere, Accelerated lifetime testing of Si and Ir (18.7 angstrom) terminated multilayer mirrors show a Delta R/R reflectance loss of 0.2% for the Ir terminated sample and similar to 3% for the Sit terminated sample, Further development on Ir terminated multilayer stacks to increase reflectance is needed. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Prisbrey, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM prisbrey1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2378 EP 2383 DI 10.1116/1.2122727 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200025 ER PT J AU Selvanathan, D Mohammed, FM Bae, JO Adesida, I Bogart, KHA AF Selvanathan, D Mohammed, FM Bae, JO Adesida, I Bogart, KHA TI Investigation of surface treatment schemes on n-type GaN and Al0.20Ga0.80N SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE GAN; OHMIC CONTACT FORMATION; ETCHING-INDUCED DAMAGE; ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSISTOR; OXIDE AB The effects Of SiCl4 reactive-ion-etching (RIE) plasma treatment on n-GaN and n-Al0.20Ga0.80N surfaces, and the subsequent cleaning of the surfaces using ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and buffered oxide etch (BOE) solutions, have been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy measurements. Of these cleaning schemes, BOE was found to be the most effective treatment to remove oxides from the surfaces of the SiCl4 plasma treated samples. The SiCl4 plasma treatment of GaN and AlGaN resulted in the blueshift of Ga-N (Ga3d) peaks to higher binding energies corresponding to a shift of the Fermi level (E-F) toward the conduction band edge at the surface. It has been reported that this type of shift is caused by the creation of N vacancies, which act as n-type dopant [D. W. Jenkins and J. D. Dow, Phys. Rev. B. 39,3317 (1989); M. E. Lin, Z. F. Fan, Z. Ma, L. It. Allen. and H. Morkoc, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 887 (1994); A. T. Ping, Q. Chen, J. W. Yang, M. A, Khan, and I. Adesida. J. Electron. Mater. 27, 261 (1998)] on the surface due to SiCl4 plasma treatment. This corresponds to an increase in n-type dopant density on the surface. Thus, SiCl4 plasma treatment in a RIE system thins the Schottky barrier heights of n-GaN and n-AlGaN and aids in the formation of ohmic contacts on such surfaces. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adesida, I (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM iadesida@uiuc.edu NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 21 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2538 EP 2544 DI 10.1116/1.1.2131078 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200053 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Sun, Y Pianetta, P Pease, RFW AF Liu, Z Sun, Y Pianetta, P Pease, RFW TI Narrow cone emission from negative electron affinity photocathodes SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID SURFACE; GAAS; PHOTOEMISSION AB The need for high brightness (e.g., 10(6) A cm(-2) str(-1) at 10 keV) electron sources is well established. Negative electron affinity (NEA) semiconductor structures have been studied for this application for several years. It has been argued that one advantage of these materials, particularly GaAs, is that the low effective mass, m*, of electrons in the semiconductor would lead to a narrow cone of emission, and hence increased brightness for a given current density, as a result of Snell's Law. However this advantage would only apply if the electrons were emitted directly from the Gamma-valley (with low m*) rather than indirectly, that is via scattering into the L-valley. We present here a direct experimental confirmation of this narrow cone of emission (semiangle 15 degrees) and describe a quantitative model to account for the results. In photocathodes based on group III-nitride materials, the cone is predicted to be about twice as wide because of the larger values of m*. 0 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zhiliu@stanford.edu RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2758 EP 2762 DI 10.1116/1.2101726 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200092 ER PT J AU Persaud, A Liddle, JA Schenkel, T Bokor, J Ivanov, T Rangelow, IW AF Persaud, A Liddle, JA Schenkel, T Bokor, J Ivanov, T Rangelow, IW TI Ion implantation with scanning probe alignment SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; SHADOW MASK; FABRICATION; SILICON AB We describe a scanning probe instrument which integrates ion beams with the imaging and alignment function of a piezoresistive scanning probe in high Vacuum. The beam passes through several apertures and is finally collimated by a hole in the cantilever of the scanning probe. The ion beam spot size is limited by the size of the last aperture. Highly charged ions are used to show hits of single ions in resist, and we discuss the issues for implantation of single ions. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kassel, Inst Microstruct Technol & Analyt, D-3500 Kassel, Germany. RP Persaud, A (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM apersaud@lbl.gov; t_schenkel@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2798 EP 2800 DI 10.1116/1.2062628 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200100 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Cain, JP Anderson, E Dean, K Denham, P Goldberg, KA Hoef, B Jackson, K AF Naulleau, P Cain, JP Anderson, E Dean, K Denham, P Goldberg, KA Hoef, B Jackson, K TI Characterization of the synchrotron-based 0.3 numerical aperture extreme ultraviolet microexposure tool at the Advanced Light Source SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID LITHOGRAPHY; OPTICS AB Synchrotron-based extreme ultraviolet (EUV) exposure tools continue to play a crucial roll in the development of EUV lithography. Utilizing a programmable-pupil-fill illuminator, the 0.3 nurnerical aperture (NA) microexposure tool at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source synchrotron radiation facility provides the highest resolution EUV projection printing capabilities available today. This makes it ideal for the characterization of advanced resist and mask processes. The Berkeley tool also serves as a good benchmarking platform for commercial implementations of 0.3 NA EUV microsteppers because its illuminator can be programmed to emulate the coherence conditions of the commercial tools. Here e present the latest resist and tool characterization results from the Berkeley EUV exposure station. (c) 2005 American Vacutan Society. C1 SUNY Albany, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12220 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12220 USA. EM Pnaulleau@uamail.albany.edu NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2840 EP 2843 DI 10.1116/1.2127940 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200108 ER PT J AU Shumway, MD Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Bokor, JR AF Shumway, MD Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Bokor, JR TI Measuring line roughness through aerial image contrast variation using coherent extreme ultraviolet spatial filtering technique SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID EDGE ROUGHNESS AB Line edge roughness properties for an extreme ultraviolet photoresist (Rohm and Haas/Shipley I K) were investigated by varying the aerial image contrast of dense line and space patterns. Aerial image contrast variation was performed in single exposures by programming the modulation information on the mask. No background flood exposures were needed to reduce the contrast. The Micro Exposure Tool at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was used for these experiments. Dense 50 nm lines and spaces were printed with contrast levels ranging from 86.4% to 46.8%. Coherence was programmed to be 0.1 for these experiments. Results show that an increase in the aerial image contrast causes a subsequent decrease in the line edge roughness (LER). Similar effects, are seen for linewidth roughness (LWR). The LER varied from 3.3 nm (at 864% contrast) to 8.0 nm (at 46.81/( contrast). LWR varied from 5.3 nm (at 86.4% contrast) to 12.8 nm (at 46.8% contrast). All values are three sigma root- mean-square. Only a couple of dense 30 nm features would print in this configuration. For these 30 nm lines and spaces, the best LER was 5.6 nm and LWR was 11.3 nm. 0 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shumway, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mshumway@gmail.com RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2844 EP 2847 DI 10.1116/1.2134717 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200109 ER PT J AU Farys, V Charpin-Nicolle, C Richard, M Robic, JY Muffato, V Quesnel, E Postnikov, S Schiavone, P Besacier, M Smaali, R Naulleau, P AF Farys, V Charpin-Nicolle, C Richard, M Robic, JY Muffato, V Quesnel, E Postnikov, S Schiavone, P Besacier, M Smaali, R Naulleau, P TI Printability of nonsmoothed buried defects in extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blanks SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID EUV MASK; SUBSTRATE; GROWTH AB One of the most important challenges in extreme ultraviolet lithography is the need to provide mask blanks free of defects. In order to provide experimental results oil the printability of buried defects. a dedicated extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask blank was manufactured using ion beam sputtering (IBS) with a nonsmoothing process. Using this kind of process, the effect of the buried defect is apparent throughout the entire multilayer stack. The disturbance generated in the multilayer, measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM), shows lateral growth and a slight vertical smoothing effect. Here we report the printability results obtained with this kind of defect. One result concerns the influence of the defect density on the printability, We show that the major effect can be attributed to local flare, which depends on the pattern density, In order to better understand the printability mechanism of this kind of buried defect, we also compared the experimental results with electromagnetic simulation. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 STMicroelectronics, FR-38921 Crolles, France. CNRS, Lab Technol Microelect, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. CEA, Leti, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Freescale Semicond Inc, FR-38921 Crolles, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Farys, V (reprint author), STMicroelectronics, 850 Rue Jean Monnet, FR-38921 Crolles, France. EM farysvi@chartreuse.cea.fr NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2860 EP 2865 DI 10.1116/1.2135293 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200113 ER PT J AU Goldberg, KA Teyssier, MM Liddle, JA AF Goldberg, KA Teyssier, MM Liddle, JA TI Extreme ultraviolet focus sensor design optimization SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer AB We describe performance modeling and design optimization of a prototype extreme ultraviolet (EUV) focus sensor (FS) designed for use with existing 0.3 numerical aperature (NA) EUV proj ecti on- lithography tools. At 0.3 NA and 13.5 nm wavelength, the depth of focus at the resolution limit shrinks to 150 nm increasing the importance of high-sensitivity focal-plane-detection tools. The FS is a free-standing Ni grating structure that works in concert with a simple mask pattern of regular lines and spaces at constant pitch. The FS pitch matches that of the image-plane aerial-image intensity: it transmits the light with high efficiency when the grating is aligned with the aerial image laterally and longitudinally. Using a single-element photodetector, to detect the transmitted flux, the FS is scanned laterally and longitudinally so the plane of peak aerial-image contrast can be found. The design under consideration has a fixed image-plane pitch of 80 nm, with aperture widths of 12-40 nm (1-3 wavelengths), and aspect ratios of 2-12. TEMPEST-313 is used to model the light transmission. Careful attention is paid to the annular, partially coherent, unpolarized illumination and to the annular pupil of the Micro-Exposure Toot optics for which the FS is designed. The system design balances the opposing needs of high sensitivity and high throughput optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio in the measured intensity contrast. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kagoldberg@lbl.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2885 EP 2890 DI 10.1116/1.2134719 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200118 ER PT J AU Rowland, HD King, WP Sun, AC Schunk, PR AF Rowland, HD King, WP Sun, AC Schunk, PR TI Simulations of nonuniform embossing: The effect of asymmetric neighbor cavities on polymer flow during nanoimprint lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; SIZE; STEP AB This article presents continuum simulations of viscous polymer flow during nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for embossing tools having irregular spacings and sizes. Simulations vary nonuniform embossing tool geometry to distinguish geometric quantities governing cavity filling order. polymer peak deformation, and global mold filling times. A characteristic NIL velocity predicts cavity filling order. In general, small cavities fill more quickly than large cavities, while cavity spacing modulates polymer deformation mode. Individual cavity size, not total filling volume, dominates replication time, with large differences in individual cavity size resulting in nonuniform, squeeze flow filling. High density features can be modeled as a solid indenter in Squeeze flow to accurately predict polymer flow and allow for optimization of wafer-scale replication. The present simulations make it possible to design imprint templates capable of distributing pressure evenly across the mold surface and facilitating symmetric polymer flow over large areas to prevent mold deformation and nonuniform residual layer thickness. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Georgia Tech Res Inst, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9114, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP King, WP (reprint author), 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM william.king@me.gatech.edu RI Rowland, Harry/B-7070-2008 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 2958 EP 2962 DI 10.1116/1.2127939 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200132 ER PT J AU Charest, JL Eliason, MT Garcia, AJ King, WP Talin, AA Simmons, BA AF Charest, JL Eliason, MT Garcia, AJ King, WP Talin, AA Simmons, BA TI Polymer cell culture substrates with combined nanotopographical patterns and micropatterned chemical domains SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; TOPOGRAPHICAL CONTROL; CONTACT GUIDANCE; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; SURFACES; SILICONE; FIBROBLASTS; OSTEOBLASTS; ATTACHMENT; ALIGNMENT AB A combination of nanoimprint lithography and microcontact printing was used to create cell substrates with well-defined nanotopographic patterns of grooves overlaid with independently controlled micropatterned chemical domains. Qualitative analysis of osteoblast-like cells cultured on the substrates showed alignment of cells and cell features to the nanotopographic grooves when surface chemistry was either uniform or a pattern of dots. When surface chemistry on the substrate was a pattern of lanes, cells aligned to the lanes. On all substrates, small cellular extensions, or filopodia, displayed no particular alignment to either nanotopographic grooves or chemical patterns. Large cell extensions were observed only parallel to either nanotopographic grooves or chemical lanes. The techniques used provide an easily scaleable approach to creating cell substrates that will aid in studying the relative impact and interplay of chemical patterns and mechanical topography on cellular responses. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP King, WP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM willian.king@me.gatech.edu OI Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 3011 EP 3014 DI 10.1116/1.2127951 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200142 ER PT J AU Akhadov, EA Read, DE Mueller, AH Murray, J Hoffbauer, MA AF Akhadov, EA Read, DE Mueller, AH Murray, J Hoffbauer, MA TI Innovative approach to nanoscale device fabrication and low-temperature nitride film growth SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE PLASMA AB Energetic neutral beam lithography/epitaxy (ENABLE) was used for etching very high-aspect-ratio nanoscale structures into polymers and for growing templated AlN films at low temperatures. Various methods were used for masking polymeric films for selective etching by energetic oxygen atoms to fabricate sub-100 nm structures with aspect ratios exceeding 35:1. ENABLE was also utilized for low-temperature growth of AIN into previously etched polymer templates to directly form AIN wires. By taking advantage of the unique processing capabilities of ENABLE, new opportunities for making delicate nanostructures are made possible. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, MARTECH, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Akhadov, EA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mhoffbauer@lanl.gov RI Read, Dan/G-5115-2011 OI Read, Dan/0000-0002-4178-4986 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 3116 EP 3119 DI 10.1116/1.2130346 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200162 ER PT J AU Tirumala, VR Divan, R Ocola, LE Mancini, DC AF Tirumala, VR Divan, R Ocola, LE Mancini, DC TI Direct-write e-beam patterning of stimuli-responsive hydrogel nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP AVS, IEEE Elect Devices Soc, Opt Soc Amer ID GELS AB The need for stimuli-responsive components in microfluidic systems has led to the development of hydrogel-based patterned microstructures. The most commonly practiced means for fabricating micropatterned hydrogels is based on in situ photopolymerization using 365 nm UV light in a liquid medium. This approach has been found to be very successful for patterning hydrogel-based features with tens or hundreds of microns resolution, but its main drawback lies in having to contain the liquid prepolymer mixture within the device for irradiation. We instead propose an alternate approach that uses direct-write electron-beam radiation to cross-link a dry, spin-coated thin film of linear polymer. After exposure, the linear polymer is dissolved in water leaving behind the cross-linked regions. When immersed in water, the cross-linked regions assume the properties of hydrogel and undergo naturally thermoreversible swelling and shrinking. This direct-writing approach can be used to fabricate hydrogel-based nanostructures down to 100 nm linewidth and also is amenable to easy integration into nano and bio devices. We focus on patterning a well-known thermoreversible hydrogel, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), and use it to discuss various aspects of process methodology, fabrication, characterization, and stimuli-response properties of nanosized hydrogels in detail. (c) 2005 American Vacuum Society. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tirumala, VR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vijay.tirumala@nist.gov OI Ocola, Leonidas/0000-0003-4990-1064 NR 10 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 2005 VL 23 IS 6 BP 3124 EP 3128 DI 10.1116/1.2062649 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 002LP UT WOS:000234613200164 ER PT J AU Witze, P Shimpi, S Durrett, R Farrell, L AF Witze, P Shimpi, S Durrett, R Farrell, L TI Time-resolved laser-induced incandescence measurements for the EPA heavy-duty federal test procedure SO JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES B-FLUIDS AND THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines (COMODIA) CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Yokohama, JAPAN DE diagnostics; particulate matter; emissions AB Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is a promising new diagnostic for measuring the volume fraction of elemental carbon in engine exhaust. The technique is considerably more precise and sensitive than conventional measurement procedures, and can be applied either with or without dilution. However, LII has been slow to gain acceptance because of presumed complexity of use and high initial cost. In this paper we demonstrate a prototype LII system that offers turn-key operation and long-term cost that is highly competitive with other techniques because of very low labor costs. The LII system ran unattended for 7.5 weeks, logging 1078 heavy-duty diesel engine tests during 24/7 operation of a dilution tunnel facility. Among the tests logged were 363 FTP steady-state mode tests and 250 FTP transient tests for which gravimetric measurements of total particulate matter (PM) were obtained. Of these tests, removal of the filter-based volatile matter using supercritical fluid extraction was performed on 142 and 147 of the tests, respectively. The correlation between the time-integrated LII signals and the dry gravimetric measurements for the steady-state mode tests is used to calibrate the LII measurements in mass units. This calibration is then used to evaluate the correlation between the LII and dry gravimetric measurements for the transient tests. Finally, time-resolved LII measurements for the steady-state mode tests are presented to illustrate three forms of unsteadiness that would seem undesirable. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Cummins Inc, Cummins Tech Ctr, Columbus, IN 47202 USA. GM Corp, Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Witze, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM witze@sandia.gov; shirish.a.shimpi@cummins.com; russell.durrett@gm.com NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG, SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1340-8054 J9 JSME INT J B-FLUID T JI JSME Int. J. Ser. B-Fluids Therm. Eng. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 632 EP 638 DI 10.1299/jsmeb.48.632 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 999GI UT WOS:000234376500002 ER PT J AU Choi, D Miles, PC Yun, H Reitz, RD AF Choi, D Miles, PC Yun, H Reitz, RD TI A parametric study of low-temperature, late-injection combustion in a HSDI diesel engine SO JSME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL SERIES B-FLUIDS AND THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines (COMODIA) CY AUG 02-05, 2004 CL Yokohama, JAPAN DE low-temperature combustion; late-injection; chemical kinetics; turbulent mixing; experiment AB A parametric study of automotive diesel combustion in a low-temperature, late-injection combustion regime is described. Injection pressure was varied from 600-1200 bar, swirl ratio from 1.44-7.12, and intake temperature from 30-110 degrees C. In-cylinder pressure records, heat release analysis, spatially-integrated soot luminosity, and images of the spatial distribution of combustion luminosity are employed to study the influence of these parameters on the combustion and soot formation/oxidation processes. Load points of 3 and 6 bar gross IMEP at 1500 RPM and an O-2 concentration of 0.15 are considered. Increased injection pressure is found to enhance the early mixture formation process, resulting in increased peak apparent heat release, generally decreased soot luminosity, and modestly increased light-load soot oxidation rates. At lower injection pressures, more soot luminosity is observed from the squish volume. In contrast, variation of flow swirl impacts the latter half of the combustion process, and affects the initial combustion only slightly. An optimum Ricardo swirl ratio of roughly 3 is found for best moderate-load efficiency and soot oxidation. A marked reduction in early heat release rates and peak soot luminosity is observed with decreased intake temperature. Nevertheless, significant in-cylinder soot luminosity is observed even at the lowest intake temperatures, indicating that complete suppression of in-cylinder soot formation is difficult with the fuel injection and combustion system characteristics employed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Delphi Res Lab, Shelby Township, MI 48315 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Choi, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, POB 969,MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dchoi@sandia.gov; pcmiles@sandia.gov; hanho.yun@delphi.com; reitz@me.engr.wisc.edu NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU JAPAN SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI TOKYO PA SHINANOMACHI-RENGAKAN BLDG, SHINANOMACHI 35, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160-0016, JAPAN SN 1340-8054 J9 JSME INT J B-FLUID T JI JSME Int. J. Ser. B-Fluids Therm. Eng. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 656 EP 664 DI 10.1299/jsmeb.48.656 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 999GI UT WOS:000234376500005 ER PT J AU Verdecia, MA Larkin, RM Ferrer, JL Riek, R Chory, J Noel, JP AF Verdecia, MA Larkin, RM Ferrer, JL Riek, R Chory, J Noel, JP TI Structure of the Mg-chelatase cofactor GUN4 reveals a novel hand-shaped fold for porphyrin binding SO M S-MEDECINE SCIENCES LA French DT News Item ID COMMUNICATION; CHLOROPLAST; PATHWAYS C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, Chem Biol & Proteom Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Michigan State Univ, MSU, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Salk Inst Biol Studies, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. UJF, CNRS, CEA, Inst Biol Struct, Grenoble, France. RP Verdecia, MA (reprint author), Salk Inst Biol Studies, Chem Biol & Proteom Lab, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jean-luc.ferrer@ibs.fr FU NCI NIH HHS [CA54418] NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9 PA 21 STREET CAMILLE DESMOULINS, ISSY, 92789 MOULINEAUX CEDEX 9, FRANCE SN 0767-0974 J9 M S-MED SCI JI M S-Med. Sci. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 21 IS 11 BP 903 EP 904 DI 10.1051/medsci/20052111903 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 985VQ UT WOS:000233407200003 PM 16274634 ER PT J AU Haralampus-Grynaviski, NM Johnson, LJ Firestone, MA AF Haralampus-Grynaviski, NM Johnson, LJ Firestone, MA TI Photochromic and optical birefringence properties of azo-dye-doped polymer-grafted lipid-based complex fluids SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BY-LAYER FILMS; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; COPOLYMERS; STORAGE; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; CHITOSAN; BILAYERS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM firestone@anl.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 22 BP 8971 EP 8974 DI 10.1021/ma051650w PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 979WO UT WOS:000232975900003 ER PT J AU Lee, B Oh, W Yoon, J Hwang, Y Kim, J Landes, BG Quintana, JP Ree, M AF Lee, B Oh, W Yoon, J Hwang, Y Kim, J Landes, BG Quintana, JP Ree, M TI Scattering studies of nanoporous organosilicate thin films imprinted with reactive star porogens SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT MATERIALS; HARD-SPHERE INTERACTIONS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SYNCHROTRON; MICROELECTRONICS; REFLECTIVITY; POLYMERS; ANALOGS C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Res Lab Polymer Synth & Phys, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Ctr Integrated Mol Syst,Dept Chem,Polymer Res Ins, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Mol & Life Sci, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Dow Chem Co USA, Dept Analyt Sci Mat Characterizat, Midland, MI 48667 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, DND, CAT, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ree, M (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Natl Res Lab Polymer Synth & Phys, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Ctr Integrated Mol Syst,Dept Chem,Polymer Res Ins, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM ree@postech.edu RI Ree, Moonhor/F-5347-2013 NR 25 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD NOV 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 22 BP 8991 EP 8995 DI 10.1021/ma0501951 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 979WO UT WOS:000232975900008 ER PT J AU Link, G Poluektov, OG Utschig, LM Lalevee, J Yago, T Weidner, JU Thurnauer, MC Kothe, G AF Link, G Poluektov, OG Utschig, LM Lalevee, J Yago, T Weidner, JU Thurnauer, MC Kothe, G TI Structural organization in photosynthetic proteins as studied by high-field EPR of spin-correlated radical pair states SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE time-resolved high-field EPR; multi-frequency EPR; quantum beats; correlated radical pairs; photosynthesis ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; W-BAND EPR; BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; INDUCED ORIENTATION; DIAMAGNETIC ANISOTROPY; TRANSIENT EPR; QUANTUM BEATS; PRIMARY DONOR; PULSED EPR AB We demonstrate the potential of high-field (HF) time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to reveal unique information about electron transfer processes and the structure of photosynthetic systems. The lineshapes and electron spin polarization (ESP) of spin-correlated radical pair (SCRP) spectra recorded with HF-EPR are very sensitive to the magnetic parameters, interactions, and geometry of the radicals in the pair. This sensitivity facilitates an analysis of more sophisticated models and methods to reveal the important relationship between structural organization and light-induced electron transfer of the photosynthetic proteins. In this review, we report on a new time-resolved HF and multi-frequency EPR approach developed in the Freiburg laboratory in cooperation with the Argonne Photosynthesis group. The method is designed to probe the geometric structure of charge separated states in the photosynthetic membrane. First, we discuss the magneto-orientation of photosynthetic cyanobacteria as revealed by time-resolved HF-EPR of SCRPs. Then, we demonstrate how the three-dimensional structure of the SCRP P-700(+) A(1)(-) from photosystem I of oxygenic photosynthesis and its arrangement in the membrane is obtained from application of multi-frequency including time-resolved HF-EPR techniques. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kothe, G (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Dept Phys Chem, Albertstr 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM gerd.kothe@physchem.uni-freiburg.de RI Yago, Tomoaki/B-2751-2012 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0749-1581 EI 1097-458X J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 43 SI SI BP S103 EP S109 DI 10.1002/mrc.1678 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 980NI UT WOS:000233024800013 PM 16235208 ER EF