FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ginosar, DM Thompson, DN Burch, KC AF Ginosar, DM Thompson, DN Burch, KC TI Sustainable solid catalyst alkylation of commercial olefins by regeneration with supercritical isobutane SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ZEOLITE; HYDROCARBONS; FLUIDS; TECHNOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; TRENDS; COKE AB Supercritical isobutane regeneration of an ultrastable Y-zeolite (USY) alkylation catalyst was examined in a continuous, automated reaction/regeneration system. Two feeds were studied: a synthetic isobutane/2-butene blend and a commercial refinery isoparaffin/olefin blend. Synthetic feed experiments showed that high levels of butene conversion were maintained for a time on stream of more than 200 h, and that product quality and catalyst maintenance was relatively stable over the course of the experiment, using a 3 h reaction/3 h regeneration cycle. Thirty five reaction/regeneration cycles were conducted over 210 h using the synthetic feed. Over this period, butene conversion did not drop below 92% until the end of the experiment. The average butene conversion declined 0.051% per run, and the average C-8 and trimethylpentane (TMP) composition decreased only 0.082% and 0.06%, respectively, per run. Catalyst activity maintenance was lower when the commercial feed was used. High levels of alkene conversion were maintained for 78 and 192 h, using a 3 h reaction/3 h regeneration cycle and a 2 h reaction/2 h regeneration cycle, respectively. Using a 3 h reaction/3 h regeneration cycle, alkene conversion remained at or above 92% for 13 reaction/regeneration cycles, corresponding to 78 h of semicontinuous operation. Using a 2 h reaction/2 h regeneration cycle, the alkene conversion did not drop below 92% until the end of 48 reaction/regeneration cycles, corresponding to 192 h of operation. The 2 h reaction/2 h regeneration cycle limited the decline in alkene conversion to 0.035% per run and limited the decline in C-8 and TMP composition to 0.040% and 0.042%, respectively, per run. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Ginosar, DM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Daniel.Ginosar@inl.gov RI Ginosar, Daniel/C-2357-2017 OI Ginosar, Daniel/0000-0002-8522-1659 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 567 EP 577 DI 10.1021/ie050776e PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 005OY UT WOS:000234834900013 ER PT J AU Kang, HS Lim, SH Kim, JW Chang, HW Kim, GH Kim, JH Lee, SY Li, Y Lee, JS Lee, JK Nastasi, MA Crooker, SA Jia, QX AF Kang, HS Lim, SH Kim, JW Chang, HW Kim, GH Kim, JH Lee, SY Li, Y Lee, JS Lee, JK Nastasi, MA Crooker, SA Jia, QX TI Exciton localization and Stokes' shift in Zn1-xCdxO thin films depending on chemical composition SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies/9th International Conference on Advanced Materials CY JUL 03-08, 2005 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Int Union Mat Res Soc, Mat Res Soc Singapore, Suntec Int Convent & Exhibit Ctr DE characterization; physical vapor deposition processes; semiconducting ternary compounds ID ZNO; GREEN; ULTRAVIOLET AB Zn1-xCdxO films were grown on (0 0 0 1) sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Structural and optical properties of Zn1-xCdxO films were strongly correlated to the processing conditions. The optical energy band gap of Zn1-xCdxO thin films, measured by photoluminescence and transmittance, changed from 3.248 to 3.291 eV at 275 K. Increase of Cd content also leads to the emission broadening and degraded crystallinity. The absorption edge and ultraviolet emission peak shift to lower energy from 3.291 to 3.248 eV and 3.278 to 3.106 eV, respectively, with increasing Cd content from 0.3% to 3% at 275 K. The Stokes' shift between the absorption and emission indicates the increase of localization of exciton with Cd content. Stokes' shift increases with Cd content caused mainly by the localized states in ZnCdO films. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seodaemoon Ku, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Seodaemoon Ku, 134 Shinchon Dong, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sylee@yonsei.ac.kr RI Lee, Jang-Sik/A-6629-2008; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Lee, Jang-Sik/0000-0002-1096-1783; NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.045 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 007PQ UT WOS:000234982100015 ER PT J AU Li, XN Asher, SE Limpijumnong, S Keyes, BM Perkins, CL Barnes, TM Moutinho, HR Luther, JM Zhang, SB Wei, SH Coutts, TJ AF Li, XN Asher, SE Limpijumnong, S Keyes, BM Perkins, CL Barnes, TM Moutinho, HR Luther, JM Zhang, SB Wei, SH Coutts, TJ TI Impurity effects in ZnO and nitrogen-doped ZnO thin films fabricated by MOCVD SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT-2005)/9th International Conference on Advanced Materials (ICAM 2005) CY JUL 03-08, 2005 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Int Union Mat Res Soc, Mat Res Soc Singapore, Suntec Int Convent & Exhibit Ctr DE impurities; doping chemical vapor deposition processes; oxide; semiconducting II-VI materials ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DIETHYLZINC; PYROLYSIS; KINETICS; HYDROGEN; GROWTH; OXIDE AB We studied the role of impurities in nitrogen-doped ZnO thin film to understand the difficulty of producing p-type ZnO via nitrogen doping. The ZnO:N films were fabricated by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using diethylzinc (DEZ) and nitric oxide (NO) precursors. Although very high levels of nitrogen incorporation were observed (similar to 10(21)cm(-3)), acceptor concentrations were typically low (10(14)-10(17)cm(-3)). The investigation suggests that the low carrier concentrations are possibly due to compensation and passivation effects by hydrogen and carbon impurities unintentionally incorporated into the films from the metal-organic precursor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that carbon was a bulk impurity in MOCVD-grown films. Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis confirmed the presence of carbon and indicated that hydrogen was also a bulk impurity. The concentration of carbon contaminant was found to increase with nitrogen doping. Both XPS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data indicated that defect complexes (CHx, NHx, and NCx) are likely present in MOCVD-grown ZnO films. First-principles calculations predict that the No-H and (NC)(O) defect complexes are neutral and 1(+) charge state; therefore, the existing carbon and hydrogen passivate the nitrogen acceptor species. Thus, we believe a low hole concentration in MOCVD-fabricated ZnO:N films are partially due to inadvertent passivation by hydrogen and carbon. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Suranaree Univ Technol & Natl Synchrotron Res Ctr, Sch Phys, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM xiaonan_li@nrel.gov RI Barnes, Teresa/A-2182-2010; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 39 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 287 IS 1 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.050 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 007PQ UT WOS:000234982100020 ER PT J AU Horn, K Theis, W Paggel, JJ Barman, SR Rotenberg, E Ebert, P Urban, K AF Horn, K Theis, W Paggel, JJ Barman, SR Rotenberg, E Ebert, P Urban, K TI Core and valence level photoemission and photoabsorption study of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METALS; COOPER MINIMUM; CROSS-SECTIONS; SURFACES; SPECTRA; ALLOYS; PHOTOIONIZATION AB The electronic structure of quasicrystalline Al-Pd-Mn is investigated by means of valence and core level photoelectron spectroscopy. Variations of the photoionization cross section in the constituents' valence electronic levels as a function of photon energy are used to identify contributions from the different atomic species, in particular near the Pd 4d Cooper minimum. Resonant photoemission at the Mn 2p absorption edge shows the contribution of the Mn 3d states to the density of states in a region near the Fermi level. The asymmetry of Pd 3d and Mn 2p core level photoemission lines, and its difference for emission from metallic and quasicrystalline phases, are utilized to infer the contributions of the different constituents to the density of states at the Fermi level. C1 Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Berlin, Germany. Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. UGC DAE Consortium Sci Res, Indore, India. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Horn, K (reprint author), Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Berlin, Germany. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Roy Barman, Sudipta/B-2026-2010; OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Ebert, Ph./0000-0002-2022-2378 NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 435 EP 448 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/2/007 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 008ML UT WOS:000235044800007 ER PT J AU Pages, O Tite, T Kim, K Graf, PA Maksimov, O Tamargo, MC AF Pages, O Tite, T Kim, K Graf, PA Maksimov, O Tamargo, MC TI Percolation picture for long wave phonons in zinc-blende mixed crystals: from (Zn, Be) chalcogenides to (Ga, In)As SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PHONONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; RAMAN-SPECTRA; ALLOYS; GA1-XINXAS; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; GAASN AB We propose a simplified version of the one-bond -> two-mode percolation model originally developed for the long wave phonons related to the stiff Be-VI bond in (Zn, Be) chalcogenides, which open the class of random mixed crystals with contrast in the bond stiffness. This is deduced from the comparison between the Raman responses from the stiff Be-VI bond and the soft Zn-VI one in these systems. The simplified version is tested on (Ga, In)As, made of soft-like bonds only and taken here as a representative challenging system. This results in a successful reinterpretation of the puzzling multi-phonon behaviour in the Raman/infrared spectra of this alloy, that has been a subject of debate. The discussion is supported by contour modelling of the TO and LO Raman lineshapes by applying the Hon and Faust treatment to a version of the modified-random-element-isodisplacement model generalized to multi-oscillators. Also, the assignment of the long wave phonons in (Ga, In)As is supported by atomistic calculations of the bond length distributions of the minority bond species in large (Ga, In)As supercells corresponding to alloy compositions close to the In-As (In similar to 0.19) and Ga-As (In similar to 0.81) bond percolation thresholds. The configurations are analysed to distinguish between isolated and connected bonds, not in the usual terms of next nearest neighbours. C1 Univ Metz, Lab Phys Milieux Denses, F-57078 Metz, France. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. CUNY, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Pages, O (reprint author), Univ Metz, Lab Phys Milieux Denses, 1 Bd Arago, F-57078 Metz, France. EM pages@univ-metz.fr NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 577 EP 595 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/2/016 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 008ML UT WOS:000235044800016 ER PT J AU Luo, SN Zheng, LQ Tschauner, O AF Luo, SN Zheng, LQ Tschauner, O TI Solid-state disordering and melting of silica stishovite: the role of defects SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALPHA-QUARTZ; TEMPERATURE; DENSIFICATION; GLASS; OXIDE; SIO2 AB Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to investigate disordering of stishovite (a high-pressure polymorph of silica) and the role of defects including grain boundaries, vacancies and free surfaces. It is shown that pre-existent defects initiate or facilitate solid-state disordering and melting. As illustrated in the case of vacancies, melting precedes solid-state disordering for stishovite with low defect concentrations, while defect-rich stishovite may transform into high-density vitreous silica which then undergoes a (quasi-)continuous transition into melt. In sharp contrast, melting of ordinary glass at the same heating rate is sluggish yet evidently first order. Disordering on free surfaces is anisotropic, being more pronounced on (101), (011) and (111) than on (100), (010), (001) and (110) crystallographic planes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-24 Plasma Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI Zheng, Lianqing/B-4171-2008; Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541 NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 2 BP 659 EP 668 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/2/021 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 008ML UT WOS:000235044800021 ER PT J AU Dey, A Chow, M Taniguchi, K Lugo-Mas, P Davin, S Maeda, M Kovacs, JA Odaka, M Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Dey, A Chow, M Taniguchi, K Lugo-Mas, P Davin, S Maeda, M Kovacs, JA Odaka, M Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI TI Sulfur K-Edge XAS and DFT calculations on nitrile hydratase: Geometric and electronic structure of the non-heme iron active site SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION; MODEL COMPLEXES; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; COVALENCY; CYSTEINE; CO(III); APPROXIMATION; FERREDOXIN AB The geometric and electronic structure of the active site of the non-heme iron enzyme nitrile hydratase (NHase) is studied using sulfur K-edge XAS and DFT calculations. Using thiolate (RS-)-, sulfenate (RSO-)-, and sulfinate (RSO2-)-ligated model complexes to provide benchmark spectral parameters, the results show that the S K-edge XAS is sensitive to the oxidation state of S-containing ligands and that the spectrum of the RSO- species changes upon protonation as the S-O bond is elongated (by similar to 0.1 angstrom). These signature features are used to identify the three cysteine residues coordinated to the low-spin Fe-III in the active site of NHase as CysS(-), CysSOH, and CYSSO2- both in the NO-bound inactive form and in the photolyzed active form. These results are correlated to geometry-optimized DFT calculations. The preedge region of the X-ray absorption spectrum is sensitive to the Z(eff) of the Fe and reveals that the Fe in [FeNO](6) NHase species has a Z(eff) very similar to that of its photolyzed Fe-III counterpart. DFT calculations reveal that this results from the strong pi back-bonding into the pi* antibonding orbital of NO, which shifts significant charge from the formally t(2)(6) low-spin metal to the coordinated NO. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RIKEN, Bioengn Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Edward.Solomon@stanford.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013; Kovacs, Julie/G-5792-2015; Maeda, Mizuo/I-3498-2014 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349; Kovacs, Julie/0000-0003-2358-1269; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209, RR-01209]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM045881, F31 GM073583, F31-GM073583-01, GM-40392, GM45881, R01 GM040392] NR 55 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 18 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 2 BP 533 EP 541 DI 10.1021/ja0549695 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 005ID UT WOS:000234814900038 PM 16402841 ER PT J AU Stiegel, GJ Ramezan, M AF Stiegel, GJ Ramezan, M TI Hydrogen from coal gasification: An economical pathway to a sustainable energy future SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; coal; gasification; economics AB Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it does not occur naturally in large quantities or high concentrations on Earth. Hydrogen must be produced from other compounds such as fossil fuels, biomass, or water and is therefore considered an energy carrier like electricity. Gasification of carbonaceous, hydrogen-containing fuels is an effective method of thermal hydrogen production and is considered to be a key technology in the transition to a hydrogen economy. However, for gasification to play a major role during the transition period, capital and operating cost must be reduced and reliability and performance must be improved. Analyses show that hydrogen produced from coal-based gasification can be competitive with production from natural gas provided the cost of natural gas remains above $4/10(6) Btu and the high reliability of gasification-based processes can be demonstrated. But for coal to be considered in a carbon-con strained environment, the cost of natural gas would have to be greater than $5.50/10(6) Btu. The development of advanced technologies, however, offers the potential for significant reductions in capital costs, improved thermal efficiencies, and increased reliability. If these advanced technologies are capable of achieving their goals, the cost of producing hydrogen from coal could be reduced by 25-50%, even with the capture and sequestration of CO2. With these reductions, the cost of natural gas would have to be less than $2.50/10(6) Btu to compete, a scenario that is very unlikely to occur in the future. This potential cost reduction provides considerable impetus for continuing research and development in the production of hydrogen from coal. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Stiegel, GJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM gary.stiegel@netl.doe.gov; massood.ramezan@sa.netl.doe.gov NR 31 TC 112 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5162 J9 INT J COAL GEOL JI Int. J. Coal Geol. PD JAN 17 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.coal.2005.05.002 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 003VC UT WOS:000234708800002 ER PT J AU Rutherford, SW AF Rutherford, SW TI Modeling water adsorption in carbon micropores: Study of water in carbon molecular sieves SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBONS; VAPOR ADSORPTION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; AIR SEPARATION; MASS-TRANSFER; KINETICS; SORPTION; SIMULATION; ISOTHERMS; NANOPORES AB Measurements of water adsorption equilibrium in a carbon molecular sieve are undertaken in order to gain insight into the nature of water adsorption in carbon micropores. The measurements are taken at low concentrations to emphasize the role of oxygen-containing functional groups in the adsorption of water. Comparisons are made with previously published water adsorption data at higher concentrations to provide a data set spanning a wide range of loading. The assembled data set provides an opportunity for comparison of various theories for prediction of water adsorption in carbon micropores. Shortcomings of current theories are outlined, and an analytical theory that is free of these deficiencies is proposed in this investigation. With the consideration of micropore volume and pore size distribution, the experimental data and proposed isotherm model are consistent with previous studies of Takeda carbon molecular sieves. Also investigated is the uptake kinetics of water, which is characterized by a Fickian diffusion mechanism. The Maxwell-Stefan formulation is applied to characterize the dependence of the diffusional mobility upon loading. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rutherford, SW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS E581, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM stevenr@lanl.gov NR 58 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 17 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 702 EP 708 DI 10.1021/la051826n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 002YC UT WOS:000234647200027 PM 16401120 ER PT J AU Sun, Y Frenkel, AI Isseroff, R Shonbrun, C Forman, M Shin, KW Koga, T White, H Zhang, LH Zhu, YM Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC AF Sun, Y Frenkel, AI Isseroff, R Shonbrun, C Forman, M Shin, KW Koga, T White, H Zhang, LH Zhu, YM Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC TI Characterization of palladium nanoparticles by using X-ray reflectivity, EXAFS, and electron microscopy SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DERIVATIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SUPPORTED PALLADIUM; METAL NANOPARTICLES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; CO OXIDATION; CLUSTERS; SIZE; PARTICLES; TRANSITION AB We compared the characteristics of dodecanethiolate palladium nanoparticles synthesized by two different techniques, a one-phase method and a two-phase method. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we determined that the particle sizes were 46 +/- 10 angstrom and 20 5 A for the one- and two-phase particles, respectively. Electron diffraction confirmed that their structure was face-centered cubic (fcc). The lattice constant a(0) was 3.98 +/- 0.01 angstrom and 3.90 +/- 0.01 angstrom for the one- and two-phase particles, respectively. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) showed that the one-phase particles had an ordered core surrounded by a disordered shell structure, while the two-phase particles appeared to be crystalline throughout. The particles were also analyzed with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). A cuboctahedral fcc model was used to fit the data, which implied particle sizes of less than 10 angstrom for both the one-and two-phase particles. The discrepancy between the two techniques was attributed to the presence of a disordered phase, which we presumed was composed of Pd-S compounds. Compared with the bulk palladium, lattice expansion was observed in both one- and two-phase particles by electron diffraction, HRTEM, and EXAFS. At the air/water interface, a uniform film that produced surface pressure/area isotherms could only be obtained from the two-phase particles. The one-phase particles did not wet the water surface. X-ray reflectivity data indicated that the Langmuir monolayer of the two-phase particles was only 13 angstrom thick. TEM revealed the diameter of the particles in this layer to be 23 angstrom; hence the particles assumed an oblate structure after spreading. EXAFS examination of a stack of 750 Langmuir monolayers indicated far fewer Pd-S compounds, which may have dissolved in the water. The data were consistent with a model of a monolayer of truncated cuboctahedron Pd particles that were 7 angstrom thick and 19 angstrom in diameter. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. Stella K Abraham High Sch, Hewlett, NY 11557 USA. K JIST, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rafailovich, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mrafailovich@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Sun, Yuan/B-2250-2010; Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Zhang, Lihua/F-4502-2014; OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 NR 44 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 17 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 2 BP 807 EP 816 DI 10.1021/la052686k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 002YC UT WOS:000234647200042 PM 16401135 ER PT J AU Flemming, JH Baca, HK Werner-Washburne, M Brozik, SM Lopez, GP AF Flemming, JH Baca, HK Werner-Washburne, M Brozik, SM Lopez, GP TI A packed microcolumn approach to a cell-based biosensor SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE cell-based; whole cello microfluidic; galactose; yeast ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); TECHNOLOGY; PATHOGENS; RESPONSES; SYSTEMS; GENES AB We present and evaluate a new approach to cell immobilization for use in cell based biosensors, We have fabricated a microfluidic channel using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with cell entrapment posts for the gentle packing and immobilization of yeast cells, This method of immobilization allows for a density of metabolically active cells greater than 8.0 x 10(6) cells/mm(3). The packed microcolumn approach addresses simple diffusional limitations inherent in traditional suspension and membrane entrapment techniques. By utilizing genetically engineered whole cells. rather then cellular components, the sensor is capable of detecting and responding to a wide range of biologically active compounds. In this study, Saccharomytes cerevisiae was genetically engineered to produce yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) when exposed to galactose. Fluorescence response of packed cells (G(I) phase) to galactose required 40% (longer than the fluorescent response of cells grown in suspension. To address concerns of long-term viability (> 60 days) and cell overgrowth, stationary phase cells were also tested in the microfluidic channel. Response time required approximately 50% longer than non-stationary phase cells packed inside the microfluidic channel. Additionally, cellular response as a function of the target analyte concentration was investigated and response time versus analyte concentration is reported. This report demonstrates proof-of-concept of using protein expression-based biosensors. based upon a packed, microcolumn architecture, as a dependable long-term storage platform. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Flemming, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1425, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jhflemm@sandia.gov; gplopez@unm.edu NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JAN 17 PY 2006 VL 113 IS 1 BP 376 EP 381 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2005.03.098 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 002QS UT WOS:000234626900052 ER PT J AU Chen, LH AuBuchon, JF Chen, IC Daraio, C Ye, XR Gapin, A Jin, S Wang, CM AF Chen, LH AuBuchon, JF Chen, IC Daraio, C Ye, XR Gapin, A Jin, S Wang, CM TI Growth of aligned carbon nanotubes on carbon microfibers by dc plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD; MORPHOLOGY AB It is shown that unidirectionally aligned carbon nanotubes can be grown on electrically conductive network of carbon microfibers via control of buffer layer material and applied electric field during dc plasma chemical vapor deposition growth. Ni catalyst deposition on carbon microfiber produces relatively poorly aligned nanotubes with significantly varying diameters and lengths obtained. The insertion of Ti 5 nm thick underlayer between Ni catalyst layer and C microfiber substrate significantly alters the morphology of nanotubes, resulting in much better aligned, finer diameter, and longer array of nanotubes. This beneficial effect is attributed to the reduced reaction between Ni and carbon paper, as well as prevention of plasma etching of carbon paper by inserting a Ti buffer layer. Such a unidirectionally aligned nanotube structure on an open-pore conductive substrate structure may conveniently be utilized as a high-surface-area base electrodes for fuel cells, batteries, and other electrochemical and catalytic reactions. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM lhchen@ucsd.edu RI Daraio, Chiara/N-2170-2015 OI Daraio, Chiara/0000-0001-5296-4440 NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 AR 033103 DI 10.1063/1.2166472 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 004MO UT WOS:000234757100054 ER PT J AU Green, ML Allen, AJ Li, X Wang, J Ilavsky, J Delabie, A Puurunen, RL Brijs, B AF Green, ML Allen, AJ Li, X Wang, J Ilavsky, J Delabie, A Puurunen, RL Brijs, B TI Nucleation of atomic-layer-deposited HfO(2) films, and evolution of their microstructure, studied by grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GATE DIELECTRIC LAYERS; GROWTH; SIO2 AB We report the results of grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering experiments on the nucleation and growth of atomic layer deposited HfO(2) films. The scattering features are internal (porosity) and external (roughness) surfaces. Films grown on H-terminated Si exhibit greater scattering than films grown on chemically oxidized Si. The films grown on H-terminated Si may be as much as 50% porous. Characteristic scattering feature sizes are those of the film nuclei, about 2 nm, which then coalesce and become inherited features of the films. Films grown on chemically oxidized Si are observed to coalesce at about 25 growth cycles. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Green, ML (reprint author), Tech Res Ctr Finland, POB 1805, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. EM martin.green@nist.gov RI Puurunen, Riikka/G-4008-2012; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Puurunen, Riikka/0000-0001-8722-4864; Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 AR 032907 DI 10.1063/1.2164417 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 004MO UT WOS:000234757100051 ER PT J AU Kumar, RS Cornelius, AL Nicol, MF Kam, KC Cheetham, AK Gardner, JS AF Kumar, RS Cornelius, AL Nicol, MF Kam, KC Cheetham, AK Gardner, JS TI Pressure-induced structural transitions in Tb-pyrochlore oxides SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; AMORPHIZATION; TB2TI2O7; ANTIFERROMAGNET; DAMAGE AB The structure of Tb2Ti2O7, Tb2Sn2O7, and Tb2TiSnO7 were studied at high pressures (P < 1 Mbar) using synchrotron radiation and angular dispersive x-ray diffraction. The cubic lattice was shown to distort into a monoclinic phase before exhibiting total structural disorder (amorphization) in all three samples. Our experiments demonstrate that partial replacement of Sn with Ti significantly enhances the bulk modulus and increases the structural stability (crystalline state) to much higher pressures. Furthermore, pressure induces anion before cation disorder during the order-disorder transition. These results are compared to radiation damage studies that show order-disorder transitions. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nevada, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kumar, RS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM ravhi@physics.unlv.edu RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; OI Kumar, Ravhi/0000-0002-1967-1619 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 AR 031903 DI 10.1063/1.2165212 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 004MO UT WOS:000234757100014 ER PT J AU Thorp, JC Sieradzki, K Tang, L Crozier, PA Misra, A Nastasi, M Mitlin, D Picraux, ST AF Thorp, JC Sieradzki, K Tang, L Crozier, PA Misra, A Nastasi, M Mitlin, D Picraux, ST TI Formation of nanoporous noble metal thin films by electrochemical dealloying of PtxSi1-x SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION; EVOLUTION AB We demonstrate the synthesis of nanoporous Pt thin films on Si by electrochemical dealloying. Amorphous PtxSi1-x films (similar to 100-250 nm thick) are formed by electron beam codeposition and dealloyed in aqueous HF solutions at an electrochemical potential sufficient to selectively remove Si while allowing self-assembly of Pt into a nanoporous structure. The Pt nanoporous layers have a pore size of 5-20 nm, ligament thickness similar to 5 nm, a surface area enhancements > 20 times, and an ultrafine grain polycrystalline microstructure. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Solid State Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Picraux, ST (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM picraux@lanl.gov RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Mitlin , David /M-5328-2016 OI Mitlin , David /0000-0002-7556-3575 NR 11 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 6 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 3 AR 033110 DI 10.1063/1.2161939 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 004MO UT WOS:000234757100061 ER PT J AU Matthews, JF Skopec, CE Mason, PE Zuccato, P Torget, RW Sugiyama, J Himmel, ME Brady, JW AF Matthews, JF Skopec, CE Mason, PE Zuccato, P Torget, RW Sugiyama, J Himmel, ME Brady, JW TI Computer simulation studies of microcrystalline cellulose I beta SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cellulose I beta; water structuring; molecular mechanics; molecular dynamics; cellulose fiber twist ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; C-13 NMR-SPECTRUM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIQUID WATER; CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; NATIVE CELLULOSE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT AB Molecular mechanics (MM) simulations have been used to model two small crystals of cellulose I beta surrounded by water. These small crystals contained six different extended surfaces: (110), (110), two types of (100), and two types of (0 10). Significant changes took place in the crystal structures. In both crystals there was an expansion of the unit cell, and a change in the y angle to almost orthogonal. Both microcrystals developed a right-hand twist of about 1.5 degrees per cellobiose unit, similar to the twisting of beta-sheets in proteins. In addition, in every other layer, made up of the unit cell center chains, a tilt of the sugar rings of 14.8 degrees developed relative to the crystal plane as a result of a transition of the primary alcohol groups in these layers away from the starting TG conformation to GG. In this conformation, these groups made interlayer hydrogen bonds to the origin chains above and below. No change in the primary alcohol conformations or hydrogen-bonding patterns in the origin chain layers was observed. Strong localization of the adjacent water was found for molecules in the first hydration layer of the surfaces, due to both hydrogen bonding to the hydroxyl groups of the sugar molecules and also due to hydrophobic hydration of the extensive regions of nonpolar surface resulting from the axial aliphatic hydrogen atoms of the 'tops' of the glucose monomers. Significant structuring of the water was found to extend far out into the solution. It is hypothesized that the structured layers of water might present a barrier to the approach of cellulase enzymes toward the cellulose surfaces in enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis, and might inhibit the escape of soluble products, contributing to the slow rates of hydrolysis observed experimentally. Since the water structuring is different for the different surfaces, this might result in slower hydrolysis rates for some surfaces compared to others. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Trieste, Dept Biochem, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Natl Ctr Bioenergy Res, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Mike_Himmel@nrel.gov; jwb7@cornell.edu NR 67 TC 197 Z9 203 U1 11 U2 85 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 341 IS 1 BP 138 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2005.09.028 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 002CN UT WOS:000234589100017 PM 16297893 ER PT J AU Tang, JA Masuda, JD Boyle, TJ Schurko, RW AF Tang, JA Masuda, JD Boyle, TJ Schurko, RW TI Ultra-wideline Al-27 NMR investigation of three- and five-coordinate aluminum environments SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; aluminum; NMR spectroscopy; quadrupolar nuclei; solid-state structures ID SOLID-STATE NMR; QUADRUPOLE COUPLING-CONSTANTS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; CHEMICAL SHIELDING ANISOTROPY; MAS NMR; ORGANOALUMINUM COMPOUNDS; INTERACTION TENSORS; FIELD-SWEPT; SPECTROSCOPY AB Ultra-wideline Al-27 NMR experiments are conducted on coordination compounds with Al-27 nuclei possessing immense quadrupolar interactions that result from exceptionally nonspherical coordination environments. NMR spectra are acquired using a methodology involving frequency-stepped, piecewise acquisition of NMR spectra with Hahn-echo or quadrupolor Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) pulse sequences, which is applicable to any half-integer quadrupolar nucleus with extremely broad NMR powder patterns. Despite the large breadth of these central transition powder patterns, ranging from 250 to 700 kHz, the total experimental times are an order of magnitude less than previously reported experiments on analogous complexes with smaller quadrupolor interactions. The complexes examined feature three- or five-coordinate aluminum sites: trismesityloluminum (AlMes(3)), tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)amino)aluminum (Al(NTMS2)(3)), bis[dimethyl tetrahydrofurfuryloxide aluminum] ([Me-2-Al(mu-OTHS)](2)), and bis[diethyl tetrahydrofurfuryloxide aluminum] ([Et-2-Al(mu-OTHF)](2)). We report some of the largest Al-27 quadrupolar coupling constants measured to date, with values of C-Q(Al-27) of 48.2(1), 36.3(1), 19.9(1), and 19.6(2) MHz for AlMeS3, Al(NTMS2)(3), [Me-2-Al-mu-OTHF)](2), and [Et-2-Al(mu-OTHF)](2), respectively. X-ray crystallographic data and theoretical (Hortree-Fock and DFT) calculations of Al-27 electric field gradient (EFG) tensors are utilized to examine the relationships between the quadrupolor interactions and molecular structure; in particular, the origin of the immense quadrupolar interaction in the three-coordinate species is studied via analyses of molecular orbitals. C1 Univ Windsor, Dept Chem & Biochem, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Schurko, RW (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Dept Chem & Biochem, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM rschurko@uwindsor.ca RI Tang, Joel/A-5736-2009; OI Masuda, Jason/0000-0002-6195-9691 NR 80 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1002/cphc.200500343 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 004ZF UT WOS:000234790600018 PM 16404763 ER PT J AU Cotlet, M Goodwin, PM Waldo, GS Werner, JH AF Cotlet, M Goodwin, PM Waldo, GS Werner, JH TI A comparison of the fluorescence dynamics of single molecules of a green fluorescent protein: One- versus two-photon excitation SO CHEMPHYSCHEM LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FLOWING SAMPLE STREAMS; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; REVEALS; MUTANT; DECARBOXYLATION AB We report on the dynamics of fluorescence from individual molecules of a mutant of the wild-type green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria, super folder GFP (SFGFP). SFGFP is a novel and robust variant designed for in vivo high-throughput screening of protein expression levels. It shows increased thermal stability and is able to retain its fluorescence when fused to poorly folding proteins. We use a recently developed single-molecule technique which combines fluorescence-fluctuation spectroscopy and time-correlated single photon counting in order to characterize the photophysical properties of SFGFP under one(OPE) and two- (TPE) photon excitation conditions. We use Rhodamine 170 as a model chromophore to validate the methodology and to explain the single-molecule results of SFGFP Under OPE, single SFGFP molecules undergo fluorescence flickering on the time scale of mu s and tens of mu s due to triplet formation and ground-state protonation-deprotonation, respectively, as demonstrated by excitation intensity- and pH-dependent experiments. OPE single-molecule fluorescence lifetimes indicate heterogeneity in the population of SFGFP, indicating the presence of the deprotonated I and B forms of the SFGFP chromophore. TPE of single SFGFP molecules results in the photoconversion of the chromophore. TPE of single SFGFP molecules show fluorescence flickering on the time scale of mu s due to triplet formation. A flicker connected with protonation-deprotonation of the SFGFP chromophore is detected only at low pH. Our results show that SFGFP is a promising fusion reporter for intracellular applications using OPE and TPE microscopy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cotlet, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Mail Stopo J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mcotlet@lanl.gov; jwerner@lanl.gov RI Cotlet, Mircea/C-5004-2008; OI Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 NR 63 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1439-4235 J9 CHEMPHYSCHEM JI ChemPhysChem PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 7 IS 1 BP 250 EP 260 DI 10.1002/cphc.200500247 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 004ZF UT WOS:000234790600034 PM 16353266 ER PT J AU Stanger, KJ Wiench, JW Pruski, M Espenson, JH Kraus, GA Angelici, RJ AF Stanger, KJ Wiench, JW Pruski, M Espenson, JH Kraus, GA Angelici, RJ TI Catalytic oxidation of a thioether and dibenzothiophenes using an oxorhenium(V) dithiolate complex tethered on silica SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE immobilized metal catalysts; tethered complexes; oxidation; rhenium; dithiolates; silica; dibenzothiophene; thioether ID OXYGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; TERT-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE; LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DEEP DESULFURIZATION; LIGHT OIL; SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; BIPHASIC SYSTEM; ACTIVE-SITES AB A silica-tethered version of the oxorhenium(V) dithiolate oxidation catalyst [-S(CH2)(3)S-]Re(O)(Me)(PPh3) was prepared and characterized by solid state C-13 and P-31 NMR spectroscopy. This tethered Complex (SiO2-RTA)Re(O)(Me)(PPh3) (Fig. 2) catalyzes the selective oxidation of methyl(p-tolyl)sulfide (MTS), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-Me2DBT)) to their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones by tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and can be recycled at least four times without loss in activity. Although the rate of oxidation catalyzed by the immobilized catalyst is about a factor of three times lower than the homogeneous analog [-S(CH2)(3)S-]Re(O)(Me)(PPh3), the supported catalyst is much more long-lived achieving approximately 3000 turnovers in the oxidation of DBT at 100 degrees C. The immobilized catalyst effectively catalyzes the oxidation of DBT and the hindered 4,6-Me2DBT to their sulfoxides or sulfores in simulated petroleum feedstocks. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM angelici@iastate.edu NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 243 IS 2 BP 158 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.07.019 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 003QN UT WOS:000234696800002 ER PT J AU De Fazio, F Feldmann, T Hurth, T AF De Fazio, F Feldmann, T Hurth, T TI Light-cone sum rules in soft-collinear effective theory SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID PION WAVE-FUNCTIONS; MESON FORM-FACTORS; HEAVY-QUARK; EXCLUSIVE KINEMATICS; QCD FACTORIZATION; NONLEADING TWIST; LARGE RECOIL; B-DECAYS; SYMMETRY; LATTICE AB We derive light-cone sum rules (LCSRs) for exclusive B-meson decays into light energetic hadrons from correlation functions within soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). In these sum rules the short-distance scale refers to "hard-collinear" interactions with virtualities of order AQCD111b. Hard scales (related to virtualities of order m(b)(2)) are integrated out and enter via external coefficient functions ill the sum rule. Soft dynamics is encoded ill light-cone distribution amplitudes for the B-meson, which describe both the factorizable and non-factorizable contributions to exclusive B-meson decay amplitudes. As an example, we provide a detailed study of the SCET sum rule for the B -> pi transition form factor at large recoil, including radiative corrections from hard-collinear loop diagrams at first order in the strong coupling constant. We find remarkable conceptual and numerical differences with the heavy-quark limit of the conventional LCSR approach in QCD. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, Div Phys, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP CERN, Div Phys, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM tobias.hurth@cern.ch OI De Fazio, Fulvia/0000-0003-0695-2566 NR 69 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 733 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.09.047 PG 30 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 002LL UT WOS:000234612800001 ER PT J AU Dodin, IY Fisch, NJ AF Dodin, IY Fisch, NJ TI Nonadiabatic ponderomotive potentials SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; MAGNETOSTATIC FIELD; MAGNETIC-MIRROR; PARTICLE MOTION; ELECTRON; ATOMS; ACCELERATION; RADIATION; PLASMA; WAVE AB An approximate integral of the Manley-Rowe type is found for a particle moving in a high-frequency field, which may interact resonantly with natural particle oscillations. An effective ponderomotive potential is introduced accordingly and can capture nonadiabatic particle dynamics. We show that nonadiabatic ponderomotive barriers can trap classical particles, produce cooling effect, and generate one-way walls for resonant species. Possible atomic applications are also envisioned. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dodin, IY (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM idodin@pppl.gov NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 16 PY 2006 VL 349 IS 5 BP 356 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.09.049 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 004BL UT WOS:000234726900012 ER PT J AU Diehnelt, CW Dugan, NR Peterman, SM Budde, WL AF Diehnelt, CW Dugan, NR Peterman, SM Budde, WL TI Identification of microcystin toxins from a strain of Microcystis aeruginosa by liquid chromatography introduction into a hybrid linear ion trap-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CYCLIC HEPTAPEPTIDE HEPATOTOXINS; CYANOBACTERIAL HEPATOTOXINS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PEPTIDES; VIRIDIS; BLOOM AB The cyclic heptapeptide microcystin toxins produced by a strain of Microcystis aeruginosa that has not been investigated previously were separated by liquid chromatography and identified by high-accuracy m/z measurements of their [M + H](+) ions and the fragment ions produced by collision-activated dissociation of the [M + H](+) ions. The cyanobacteria B2666 strain was cultured in a standard growth medium, and the toxins were released from the cells, extracted from the aqueous phase, and concentrated using standard procedures. The microcystins were separated by reversed-phase microbore liquid chromatography and introduced directly into a hybrid linear ion trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. The known microcystins (MC) MC-LR, MG-LA, [MeSer(7)]MC-LR, MC-LL, MC-LF, and MC-L(Aba) were identified along with the two previously unreported structural variants [Asp(3)]MC-LA and [Asp(3)]MC-LL. In addition to the [M + H](+) ions, accurate m/z measurements were made of 12-18 product ions for each identified microcystin. The mean difference between measured and calculated exact m/z was less than 2 parts per million, which often allowed assignment of unique compositions to the observed ions. A mechanism is presented that accounts for an important collision-activated dissociation process that gives valuable sequence ions from microcystins that do not contain arginine. The analytical technique used in this work is capable of supporting fairly rapid and very reliable identifications of known microcystins when standards are not available and of most structural variants independent of additional information from other analytical techniques. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Thermo Electron Corp, Somerset, NJ 08873 USA. RP Budde, WL (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 26 W Martin L King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM budde.william@epa.gov NR 25 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 2 BP 501 EP 512 DI 10.1021/ac051556d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 005MJ UT WOS:000234826400019 PM 16408933 ER PT J AU Silver, GL AF Silver, GL TI Analysis of three-dimensional grids: The four-point cube SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE interpolation; operational equations; response surfaces; curvature coefficients; extrapolation ID DIAMOND CONFIGURATION; 5-POINT AB Methods for analyzing the four-point cube are not commonly encountered. This paper illustrates the estimation of quadratic-term coefficients on four monotonic data in prismatic array. The analysis depends on the sequential application of interpolating equations for the four-point diamond and eight-point prismatic arrays. The estimates are often within an order-of-magnitude of the true values if the data do not suggest steep or rapidly changing gradients. The method is not strictly limited by the requirement that the data form a monotonic sequence. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silver, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gsilver@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 172 IS 2 BP 963 EP 970 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2005.02.038 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 015NF UT WOS:000235557400026 ER PT J AU Adams, DP Mayer, TM Vasile, MJ Archuleta, K AF Adams, DP Mayer, TM Vasile, MJ Archuleta, K TI Effects of evolving surface morphology on yield during focused ion beam milling of carbon SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sputter yield; surface morphology; ripple morphology ID ROUGHENING INSTABILITY; SPUTTERING YIELDS; RIPPLE TOPOGRAPHY; SAMPLE ROTATION; EROSION RATES; BOMBARDMENT; GAAS; DIFFUSION; DIAMOND; SI AB We investigate evolving surface morphology during focused ion beam bombardment of C and determine its effects on sputter yield over a large range of ion dose (10(17)-10(19) ionS/cm(2)) and incidence angles (Theta = 0-80 degrees). Carbon bombarded by 20 keV Ga+ either retains a smooth sputtered surface or develops one of two rough surface morphologies (sinusoidal ripples or steps/terraces) depending on the angle of ion incidence. For conditions that lead to smooth sputter-eroded surfaces there is no change in yield with ion dose after erosion of the solid commences. However, for all conditions that lead to surface roughening we observe coarsening of morphology with increased ion dose and a concomitant decrease in yield. A decrease in yield occurs as surface ripples increase wavelength and, for large Theta, as step/terrace morphologies evolve. The yield also decreases with dose as rippled surfaces transition to have steps and terraces at Theta = 75 degrees. Similar trends of decreasing yield are found for HO-assisted focused ion beam milling. The effects of changing surface morphology on yield are explained by the varying incidence angles exposed to the high-energy beam. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Thin Film Vacuum & Packaging Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adams, DP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thin Film Vacuum & Packaging Dept, POB 5800,MS 0959, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dpadams@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 252 IS 6 BP 2432 EP 2444 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.06.013 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 007JH UT WOS:000234964500042 ER PT J AU Carter, JC Alvis, RM Brown, SB Langry, KC Wilson, TS McBride, MT Myrick, ML Cox, WR Grove, ME Colston, BW AF Carter, JC Alvis, RM Brown, SB Langry, KC Wilson, TS McBride, MT Myrick, ML Cox, WR Grove, ME Colston, BW TI Fabricating optical fiber imaging sensors using inkjet printing technology: A pH sensor proof-of-concept SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE optical fiber; image guide; pH sensor; imaging; biosensor; microjet; inkjet; microdot ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; SOL-GEL; FLUORESCENCE; PHOTODEPOSITION; PROBE; ARRAY; CO2 AB We demonstrate the feasibility of using Drop-on-Demand microjet printing technology for fabricating imaging sensors by reproducibly printing an array of photopolymerizable sensing elements, containing a pH sensitive indicator, on the surface of an optical fiber image guide. The reproducibility of the microjet printing process is excellent for microdot (i.e. micrometer-sized polymer) sensor diameter (92.2 +/- 2.2 mu m), height (35.0 +/- 1.0 mu m), and roundness (0.00072 +/- 0.00023). pH sensors were evaluated in terms of pH sensing ability (<= 2% sensor variation), response time, and hysteresis using a custom fluorescence imaging system. In addition, the microjet technique has distinct advantages over other fabrication methods, which are discussed in detail. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Microfab Technol Inc, Plano, TX 75074 USA. RP Carter, JC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Carter45@llnl.gov OI Myrick, Michael/0000-0002-6905-0925 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1359 EP 1364 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2005.06.006 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 002XC UT WOS:000234644400047 PM 16230001 ER PT J AU Young, MA Shah, NP Chao, LH Seeliger, M Milanov, ZV Biggs, WH Treiber, DK Patel, HK Zarrinkar, PP Lockhart, DVJ Sawyers, CL Kuriyan, J AF Young, MA Shah, NP Chao, LH Seeliger, M Milanov, ZV Biggs, WH Treiber, DK Patel, HK Zarrinkar, PP Lockhart, DVJ Sawyers, CL Kuriyan, J TI Structure of the kinase domain of an imatinib-resistant Abl mutant in complex with the aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680 SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS; CHRONIC MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; TYROSINE KINASE; C-ABL; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PROTEIN-KINASES; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT; STI-571 INHIBITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; FAMILY KINASES AB We present a high-resolution (2.0 angstrom) crystal structure of the catalytic domain of a mutant form of the Abl tyrosine kinase (H396P; Abl-1a numbering) that is resistant to the Abl inhibitor imatinib. The structure is determined in complex with the smsll-molecule inhibitor VX-680 (Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA), which blocks the activity of various imatinib -resistant mutant forms of Abl, including one (T315I) that is resistant to both imatinib and BMS-354825 (dasatinib), a dual Src/Abl inhibitor that seems to be clinically effective against all other imatinib-resistant forms of BCR-AbI. VX-680 is shown to have significant inhibitory activity against BCR-Abl bearing the T3151 mutation in patient-derived samples. The Abl kinase domain bound to VX-680 is not phosphorylated on the activation loop in the crystal structure but is nevertheless in an active conformation, previously unobserved for Abl and inconsistent with the binding of imatinib. The adoption of an active conformation is most likely the result of synergy between the His(396) Pro mutation, which destabilizes the inactive conformation required for imatinib binding, and the binding of VX-680, which favors the active conformation through hydrogen bonding and steric effects. VX-680 is bound to Abl in a mode that accommodates the substitution of isoleucine for threonine at residue 315 (the "gatekeeper" position). The avoidance of the innermost cavity of the Abl kinase domain by VX-680 and the specific recognition of the active conformation explain the effectiveness of this compound against mutant forms of BCR-Abl, including those with mutations at the gatekeeper position. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol,Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ambit Biosci, San Diego, CA USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Barker Hall MC 3202, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kuriyan@uclink.berkeley.edu RI Young, Matthew/D-2033-2011; Seeliger, Markus/D-6409-2013; Sawyers, Charles/G-5327-2016; OI Young, Matthew/0000-0003-2921-3432; Chao, Luke/0000-0002-4849-4148 NR 45 TC 204 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 1007 EP 1014 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2788 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 006RQ UT WOS:000234915100054 PM 16424036 ER PT J AU Chang, BK Lu, Y Tatarchuk, BJ AF Chang, BK Lu, Y Tatarchuk, BJ TI Microfibrous entrapment of small catalyst or sorbent particulates for high contacting-efficiency removal of trace contaminants including CO and H2S from practical reformates for PEM H-2-O-2 fuel cells SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microfibrous materials; ni fibers; Pt-Co/Al2O3; preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO; H2S removal; fuel processing; PEM fuel cells ID H-2-RICH GAS; OXIDATION; KINETICS AB The four catalyst systems, Pt-Co/Al2O3, Pt/Al2O3, Au/alpha-Fe2O3, and CuO-CeO2, which demonstrated promising catalytic activity among more than 150 catalysts investigated for the preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO from practical reformate in our previous studies [B. Chang, L. Chen, B.J. Tatarchuk, unpublished work], were further examined in differential reactor in the absence of heat and mass transfer limitations in order to compare their specific activities. Differential reactor studies reveal that the cobalt promoted Pt/Al2O3 (Pt-Co/Al2O3) is the best candidate among those four catalyst systems for the preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO from practical reformate for PEM fuel cells. A high void and tailorable sintered microfibrous carrier consisting of 5 vol% 4 and 8 mu m diameter Ni fibers was used to entrap 15 vol% 150-250 mu m Al2O3 particulates. SEM images showed the microstructures of the thin microfibrous entrapped alumina support particles. The alumina support particulates were uniformly entrapped into a well sinter-locked three-dimensional network of 4 and 8 mu m Ni fibers. Cobalt and platinum were then dispersed onto the microfibrous entrapped alumina support particles by impregnation method so as to prepare microfibrous entrapped Pt-Co/Al2O3 catalysts. The composite catalysts possessed 80 vol% voidage. The microfibrous entrapped Pt-Co/Al2O3 catalysts showed stable long-term activity for the preferential CO oxidation in wide temperature range. A microfibrous entrapped H2S sorbent layer was then placed upstream of a microfibrous entrapped PROX catalyst layer to remove both H2S and CO from a sulfur-contaminated practical reformate stream. Operating in this fashion, an outermost H2S sorbent layer promotes the activity maintenance of a secondary non-poison tolerant PROX CO catalyst, which ultimately serves to provide activity maintenance to CO-intolerant precious metal-based MEA assemblies in PEM fuel cells. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Ctr Microfibrous Mat Mfg CM3, Dept Chem Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Chang, BK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Surface Chem & Heterogeneous Catalysis Grp, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 4500N,MS-6201, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bkchang73@hotmail.com RI Tatarchuk, Bruce/H-9526-2013; OI Tatarchuk, Bruce/0000-0003-1500-5966; Lu, Yong/0000-0002-5126-1476 NR 13 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 115 IS 3 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2005.10.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 001KT UT WOS:000234532700005 ER PT J AU Martin, SP Robertson, DG AF Martin, SP Robertson, DG TI TSIL: a program for the calculation of two-loop self-energy integrals SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum field theory; Feynman integrals; two-loop integrals; self-energy corrections; dimensional regularization ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS METHOD; VS. POLE MASSES; NUMERICAL EVALUATION; FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; THRESHOLD EXPANSION; STANDARD-MODEL; GAUGE BOSONS; ASYMPTOTIC EXPANSIONS; DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION; PROPAGATOR INTEGRALS AB TSIL is a library of utilities for the numerical calculation of dimensionally regularized two-loop self-energy integrals. A convenient basis for these functions is given by the integrals obtained at the end of O.V. Tarasov's recurrence relation algorithm. The program computes the values of all of these basis functions, for arbitrary input masses and external momentum. When analytical expressions in terms of polylogarithms are available, they are used. Otherwise, the evaluation proceeds by a Runge-Kutta integration of the coupled first-order differential equations for the basis integrals, using the external momentum invariant as the independent variable. The starting point of the integration is provided by known analytic expressions at (or near) zero external momentum. The code is written in C, and may be linked from C/C++ or Fortran. A Fortran interface is provided. We describe the structure and usage of the program, and provide a simple example application. We also compute two new cases analytically, and compare all of our notations and conventions for the two-loop self-energy integrals to those used by several other groups. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Otterbein Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Westerville, OH 43081 USA. RP Martin, SP (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM spmartin@zippy.physics.niu.edu NR 67 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 174 IS 2 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2005.08.005 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 005AT UT WOS:000234795100006 ER PT J AU Madden, MEE Kring, DA Bodnar, RJ AF Madden, MEE Kring, DA Bodnar, RJ TI Shock reequilibration of fluid inclusions in Coconino sandstone from Meteor Crater, Arizona SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fluid inclusions; Meteor Crater; meteorites; shock metamorphism; volatile loss ID RE-EQUILIBRATION; CONFINING PRESSURE; MARTIAN METEORITES; AQUEOUS ALTERATION; MONAHANS 1998; QUARTZ; METAMORPHISM; CHONDRITES; TEMPERATURES; ASSEMBLAGES AB This study examines the effects of natural shock metamorphism on fluid inclusions trapped in porous sedimentary target rocks and compares these results to previous experimental work on single crystal quartz. Samples of shock metamorphosed Coconino sandstone were collected from Barringer Meteorite Crater (Meteor Crater, Arizona) and classified based on their shock features into the six shock stages described by Kieffer [S.W. Kieffer, 1971. Shock metamorphism of the Coconino sandstone at Meteor Crater, Arizona, Journal of Geophysical Research 76, 5449-5473.]. The frequency of two-phase fluid inclusions decreases dramatically from unsbocked samples of Coconino sandstone through shock stages la, 1b, and 2. No two-phase fluid inclusions were observed in shock stage 3 or 4 samples. However, the total number of grains containing fluid inclusions remains approximately the same for shock stages 1a-2, suggesting that two-phase fluid inclusions reequilibrated during impact to form single-phase inclusions. In shock stages 3 and 4, the total number of inclusions also decreases, indicating that at these higher shock pressures fluid inclusions are destroyed by plastic deformation and phase changes within the host mineral. Entrained quartz grains within a shock stage 5 sample contain two-phase inclusions, emphasizing the short duration of melting associated with the impact and the heterogeneous nature of impact processes. These results are similar to those observed in single-crystal experiments, although inclusions survive to slightly higher shock pressures in samples of naturally shocked Coconino sandstone. Results of this study suggest that the rarity of fluid inclusions in meteorites does not preclude the presence of fluids on meteorite parent bodies. Instead, fluid inclusions trapped during alteration events may have been destroyed due to shock processing. In addition, loss of fluids from inclusion vesicles along fractures and microcracks may lead to shock devolatilization, even in unsaturated target rocks. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Madden, MEE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maddenme@ornl.gov; kring@lpl.arizona.edu; rjb@vt.edu RI Bodnar, Robert/A-1916-2009; Elwood Madden, Megan/C-3381-2009 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 241 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.10.008 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 002QM UT WOS:000234626300004 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DI Demirkanli, DI Gumapas, L Powell, BA Fjeld, RA Molz, FJ Serkiz, SM AF Kaplan, DI Demirkanli, DI Gumapas, L Powell, BA Fjeld, RA Molz, FJ Serkiz, SM TI Eleven-year field study of Pu migration from PuIII, IV, and VI sources SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT OXIDATION-STATES; REDUCTION; PLUTONIUM; ADSORPTION; ACTINIDES; SOLUBILITY; SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS; CHEMISTRY; GOETHITE AB Understanding the processes controlling Pu mobility in the subsurface environment is important for estimating the amount of Pu waste that can be safely disposed in vadose zone burial sites. To study long-term Pu mobility, four 52-L lysimeters filled with sediment collected from the Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina were amended with well-characterized solid Pu sources ((PuCl3)-Cl-III, Pu-IV(NO3)(4), Pu-IV(C2O4)(2), and (PuO2)-O-VI(NO3)(2)) and left exposed to natural precipitation for 2-11 years. Pu oxidation state distribution in the Pu(III) and Pu(IV) lysimeters sediments (a red clayey sediment, pH = 6.3) were similar, consisting of 0% Pu(III), > 92% Pu(IV), 1% Pu(V), 1% Pu(VI), and the remainder was a Pu polymer. These three lysimeters also had near identical sediment Pu concentration profiles, where > 95% of the Pu remained within 1.25 cm of the source after 11 years; the other 5% of Pu moved at an overall rate of 0.9 cm yr(-1). As expected, Pu moved more rapidly through the Pu(VI) lysimeter, at an overall rate of 12.5 cm yr(-1). Solute transport modeling of the sediment Pu concentration profile data in the Pu(VI) lysimeter indicated that some transformation of Pu into a much less mobile form, presumably Pu(IV), had occurred during the course of the two-year study. This modeling also supported previous laboratory measurements showing that Pu(V) or Pu(VI) reduction was 5 orders of magnitude faster than corresponding Pu(III) or Pu(IV) oxidation. The slow oxidation rate (11 x 10(-8) hr(-1); t(1/2) = 8000 yr) was not discernible from the Pu(VI) lysimeter data that reflected only two years of transport but was readily discernible from the Pu(III) and Pu(IV) lysimeter data that reflected 11 years of transport. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Environm Engn & Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Kaplan, DI (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM daniel.kaplan@srs.gov RI Powell, Brian /C-7640-2011 OI Powell, Brian /0000-0003-0423-0180 NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1021/es050073o PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006SG UT WOS:000234916700009 PM 16468387 ER PT J AU Muirhead, EK Skillman, D Hook, SE Schultz, IR AF Muirhead, EK Skillman, D Hook, SE Schultz, IR TI Oral exposure of PBDE-47 in fish: Toxicokinetics and reproductive effects in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; WILD SALMON; ADULT MICE; BIOACCUMULATION; CHEMICALS; TROUT; RAT AB The toxicokinetics of 2,2,4,4-tetrabromodiphenyl other (PBDE-47) was studied in the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) after a single oral exposure followed by termination at specific time points. The effects of repeated oral exposure to PBDE-47 on reproductive performance was assessed using a pair breeding experimental design with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) given daily PBDE-47 exposures for 25 days, during which fecundity was measured as an indicator of reproductive performance. Medaka and fathead minnows were orally exposed to PBDE47 by bioencapsulation in brine shrimp, Artemia sp. In the medaka studies, measurable levels of PBDE-47 were detected in the carcass within 0.25 h with peak levels occurring at 8 h. The body levels of PBDE-47 slowly declined and were still 25% of peaklevels at 624h after dosing. Assimilation of the bioencapsulated dose was at least 80% and may well approach 100%. The PBDE-47 concentration-time profile was fitted to a one-compartment clearance-volume toxicokinetic model and the model-predicted value for elimination half-life was determined to be 281 h and the first-order absorption rate constant was K-a = 0.26 hr(-1). In the fathead minnow study, egg laying in the PBDE-treated breeding pairs stopped after 10 days. The condition factor of PBDE-treated males was significantly reduced (P < 0.011) compared with control males, whereas no significant difference was observed in females. Histological examination revealed a greater than 50% reduction in mature sperm in PBDE-47 exposed minnows compared to controls. Collectively, these results suggest PBDE-47 is selectively toxic to sexually mature male fathead minnows. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM ir_schultz@pnl.gov RI Hook, Sharon/D-9067-2011 NR 28 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 2 BP 523 EP 528 DI 10.1021/es0513178 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 006SG UT WOS:000234916700020 PM 16468398 ER PT J AU Admire, A Shanks, L Danzl, N Wang, M Weier, U Stevens, W Hunt, E Weinert, T AF Admire, A Shanks, L Danzl, N Wang, M Weier, U Stevens, W Hunt, E Weinert, T TI Cycles of chromosome instability are associated with a fragile site and are increased by defects in DNA replication and checkpoint controls in yeast SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE chromosome instability; checkpoints; fragile sites ID DAMAGE RESPONSE PATHWAY; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CELL-CYCLE; FORK PROGRESSION; GENOME STABILITY; RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; HUMAN TELOMERES; HOMOLOG MEC1; GENES AB We report here that a normal budding yeast chromosome (ChrVII) can undergo remarkable cycles of chromosome instability. The events associated with cycles of instability caused a distinctive "sectoring" of colonies on selective agar plates. We found that instability initiated at any of several sites on ChrVII, and was sharply increased by the disruption of DNA replication or by defects in checkpoint controls. We studied in detail the cycles of instability associated with one particular chromosomal site (the "403 site"). This site contained multiple tRNA genes known to stall replication forks, and when deleted, the overall frequency of sectoring was reduced. Instability of the 403 site involved multiple nonallelic recombination events that led to the formation of a monocentric translocation. This translocation remained unstable, frequently undergoing either loss or recombination events linked to the translocation junction. These results suggest a model in which instability initiates at specific chromosomal sites that stall replication forks. Forks not stabilized by checkpoint proteins break and undergo multiple rounds of nonallelic recombination to form translocations. Some translocations remain unstable because they join two "incompatible" chromosomal regions. Cycles of instability of this normal yeast chromosome may be relevant to chromosome instability of mammalian fragile sites and of chromosomes in cancer cells. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. St Louis Univ, Dept Surg, Div Plast Surg, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weinert, T (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM tweinert@u.arizona.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM045276] NR 64 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 2 BP 159 EP 173 DI 10.1101/gad.1392506 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 004FN UT WOS:000234737500006 PM 16384935 ER PT J AU Richter, FM Mendybaev, RA Christensen, JN Hutcheon, ID Williams, RW Sturchio, NC Beloso, AD AF Richter, FM Mendybaev, RA Christensen, JN Hutcheon, ID Williams, RW Sturchio, NC Beloso, AD TI Kinetic isotopic fractionation during diffusion of ionic species in water SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID COEFFICIENTS; SEDIMENTS; METHANE; CARBON; RATIO; GAS AB Experiments specifically designed to measure the ratio of the diffusivities of ions dissolved in water were used to determine D-Li/D-K, D-7Li/D-6Li, D-25Mg/D-24Mg, D-26Mg/D-25Mg, and D-37Cl/D-35Cl. The measured ratio of the diffusion coefficients for Li and K in water (D-Li/D-K = 0.6) is in good agreement with published data, providing evidence that the experimental design being used resolves the relative mobility of ions with adequate precision to also be used for determining the fractionation of isotopes by diffusion in water. In the case of Li, we found measurable isotopic fractionation associated with the diffusion of dissolved LiCl (D-7Li/D-6Li = 0.99772 +/- 0.00026). This difference in the diffusion coefficient of Li-7 compared to Li-6 is significantly less than that reported in an earlier study, a difference we attribute to the fact that in the earlier study Li diffused through a membrane separating the water reservoirs. Our experiments involving Mg diffusing in water found no measurable isotopic fractionation (D-25Mg/D-24Mg, = 1.00003 +/- 0.00006). Cl isotopes were fractionated during diffusion in water (D-3Cl /D-35Cl = 0.99857 +/- 0.00080) whether or not the co-diffuser (Li or Mg) was isotopically fractionated. The isotopic fractionation associated with the diffusion of ions in water is much smaller than values we found previously for the isotopic fractionation of Li and Ca isotopes by diffusion in molten silicate liquids. A major distinction between water and silicate liquids is that water surrounds dissolved ions with hydration shells, which very likely play an important but still poorly understood role in limiting the isotopic fractionation associated with diffusion. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Richter, FM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM richter@geosci.uchicago.edu RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015 NR 29 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.016 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 009PI UT WOS:000235124000002 ER PT J AU Maher, K Steefel, CI DePaolo, DJ Viani, BE AF Maher, K Steefel, CI DePaolo, DJ Viani, BE TI The mineral dissolution rate conundrum: Insights from reactive transport modeling of U isotopes and pore fluid chemistry in marine sediments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID EARLY DIAGENETIC PROCESSES; CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; SOLUTION SATURATION STATE; ALPHA-RECOIL DAMAGE; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ALKALI FELDSPARS; BIOGENIC SILICA; LABRADORITE DISSOLUTION; PRECIPITATION KINETICS AB Pore water chemistry and U-234/U-238 activity ratios from fine-grained sediment cored by the Ocean Drilling Project at Site 984 in the North Atlantic were used as constraints in modeling in situ rates of plagioclase dissolution with the multicomponent reactive transport code Crunch. The reactive transport model includes a solid-solution formulation to enable the use of the U-234/U-238 U activity ratios in the solid and fluid as a tracer of mineral dissolution. The isotopic profiles are combined with profiles of the major element chemistry (especially alkalinity and calcium) to determine whether the apparent discrepancy between laboratory and field dissolution rates still exists when a mechanistic reactive transport model is used to interpret rates in a natural system. A suite of reactions, including sulfate reduction and methane production, anaerobic methane oxidation, CaCO3 precipitation, dissolution of plagioclase, and precipitation of secondary clay minerals, along with diffusive transport and fluid and solid burial, control the pore fluid chemistry in Site 984 sediments. The surface area of plagioclase in intimate contact with the pore fluid is estimated to be 6.9 m(2)/g based on both grain geometry and on the depletion of U-234/U-238 in the sediment via alpha-recoil loss. Various rate laws for plagioclase dissolution are considered in the modeling, including those based on (1) a linear transition state theory (TST) model, (2) a nonlinear dependence on the undersaturation of the pore water with respect to plagioclase, and (3) the effect of inhibition by dissolved aluminum. The major element and isotopic methods predict similar dissolution rate constants if additional lowering of the pore water U-234/U-238 U activity ratio is attributed to isotopic exchange via recrystallization of marine calcite, which makes up about 10-20% of the Site 984 sediment. The calculated dissolution rate for plagioclase corresponds to a rate constant that is about 10(2) to 10(5) times smaller than the laboratory-measured value, with the value depending primarily on the deviation from equilibrium. The reactive transport simulations demonstrate that the degree of undersaturation of the pore fluid with respect to plagioclase depends strongly on the rate of authigenic clay precipitation and the solubility of the clay minerals. The observed discrepancy is greatest for the linear TST model (10(5)), less substantial with the Al-inhibition formulation (10(3)), and decreases further if the clay minerals precipitate more slowly or as highly soluble precursor minerals (10(2)). However, even several orders of magnitude variation in either the clay solubility or clay precipitation rates cannot completely account for the entire discrepancy while still matching pore water aluminum and silica data, indicating that the mineral dissolution rate conundrum must be attributed in large part to the gradual loss of reactive sites on silicate surfaces with time. The results imply that methods of mineral surface characterization that provide direct measurements of the bulk surface reactivity are necessary to accurately predict natural dissolution rates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Maher, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 301 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kmaher@usgs.gov RI Maher, Kate/B-3489-2010; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Dosseto, Anthony/A-2543-2008 OI Maher, Kate/0000-0002-5982-6064; NR 104 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 11 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 70 IS 2 BP 337 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2005.09.001 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 009PI UT WOS:000235124000006 ER PT J AU Scott, MA Benzley, SE Owen, SJ AF Scott, MA Benzley, SE Owen, SJ TI Improved many-to-one sweeping SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE decomposition; hexahedra; mesh generation; node projection; smoothing; sweeping ID MESHES AB This paper presents PMOST, the polymorphic many-to-one sweep tool. Through its polymorphic design it is able to project nodes quickly and with high quality through 'modular' node projection schemes. PMOST currently employs two different node projection schemes: Faceted and BoundaryError node projectors. Implementation details are presented for both of these methods. The proposed many-to-one sweep tool was compared to existing software with respect to speed and element quality. Performance testing using PMOST showed that the Faceted node projection scheme was the most efficient while the BoundaryError method produced less element distortion while approximating the efficiency of the Faceted scheme. We also demonstrate improved performance with respect to both element quality and algorithm efficiency when compared to other existing node projection methods. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scott, MA (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 368 Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM mas88@et.byu.edu; seb@byu.edu; sjowen@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 65 IS 3 BP 332 EP 348 DI 10.1002/nme.1444 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 004AW UT WOS:000234725400002 ER PT J AU Amulele, GM Manghnani, MH Somayazulu, M AF Amulele, GM Manghnani, MH Somayazulu, M TI Application of radial x-ray diffraction to determine the hydrostatic equation of state and strength of TiB2 up to 60 GPa SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; HIGH-PRESSURE; NONHYDROSTATIC COMPRESSION; LATTICE STRAINS; YIELD STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; MGO; GOLD AB Room temperature investigations of the shear strength of hexagonal TiB2 have been performed in order to determine the hydrostatic equation of state of the material up to 60 GPa using radial x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell. We have analyzed the deformation mechanisms under pressure by analyzing the (001) and (100) peaks in the powder diffraction data, and we have deduced the hydrostatic equation of state of TiB2. The uniaxial stresses in the (100), (001), and (101) diffraction planes show a large pressure dependence, indicating a significantly large anisotropy in the material. The stress in the (001) plane shows the largest increase with pressure and reaches a maximum value before the other planes, indicating an initial activation of slip in the (001) plane at the onset of plastic deformation. Compared to gold, the averaged uniaxial stress component in TiB2 is almost 27 times as large at the maximum loading pressure, 60 GPa, achieved in the experiment. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Amulele, GM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 AR 023522 DI 10.1063/1.2164533 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 008BH UT WOS:000235014700028 ER PT J AU Garay, JE Glade, SC Asoka-Kumar, P Anselmi-Tamburini, U Munir, ZA AF Garay, JE Glade, SC Asoka-Kumar, P Anselmi-Tamburini, U Munir, ZA TI Characterization of densified fully stabilized nanometric zirconia by positron annihilation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROFILE-FITTING PROCEDURE; SPACE-CHARGE CONDUCTION; RAY-DIFFRACTION PEAKS; DEFECT STRUCTURE; DOPED ZIRCONIA; YTTRIA; CERAMICS; METHODOLOGY; BATIO3; ZRO2 AB Fully stabilized nanometric zirconia samples with varying degrees of porosity and grain sizes were analyzed using the coincidence Doppler broadening mode of the positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). A decrease in the low-momentum fraction was observed and coincided with a decrease in porosity. In addition to pores, it is proposed that defects in the negatively charged grain-boundary space region act as positron trapping centers; their effectiveness decreases with an increase in grain size. It is shown that PAS is sensitive to small grain-size differences within the nanometric regime in these oxide materials. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Munir, ZA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM zamunir@ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 AR 024313 DI 10.1063/1.2163016 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 008BH UT WOS:000235014700077 ER PT J AU Huang, ML Chang, YA AF Huang, ML Chang, YA TI Phase transformation in sputter-deposited PdMn and PdPtMn thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PINNED SPIN VALVES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DEGRADATION MECHANISM; L1(0) TRANSFORMATION; EXCHANGE-BIAS; FEPT; MULTILAYERS; BILAYERS; ALLOY; A1 AB The phase transformations of PdMn and PdPtMn films were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The enthalpy for the fcc to L1(0) transformation in the PdMn and PdPtMn thin films has been measured by DSC as -5.4 and -7.6 kJ/mol at., respectively. The fcc to L1(0) phase transformation was identified by XRD and TEM on as-deposited and annealed samples. The transition temperature for the PdPtMn is approximately 40 degrees C lower than that for PdMn. PdPtMn thin films have better corrosion resistance than PdMn. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Huang, ML (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhuang@ameslab.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 AR 023527 DI 10.1063/1.2162988 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 008BH UT WOS:000235014700033 ER PT J AU Mahan, AH Roy, B Reedy, RC Readey, DW Ginley, DS AF Mahan, AH Roy, B Reedy, RC Readey, DW Ginley, DS TI Rapid thermal annealing of hot wire chemical-vapor-deposited a-Si : H films: The effect of the film hydrogen content on the crystallization kinetics, surface morphology, and grain growth SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON FILMS; SOLID-PHASE CRYSTALLIZATION; THIN-FILMS; RECRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; DIFFUSION; DEFECTS AB The ability to crystallize thin amorphous Si layers into large grain Si can lead to significant improvements in Si solar cells and thin-film transistors. Here we report on the effect of the hydrogen content in as-grown films on the crystallization kinetics, surface morphology, and grain growth for hot wire chemical-vapor-deposited a-Si:H films crystallized by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). At RTA temperatures > 750 degrees C for high-hydrogen-content films, we observe the explosive evolution of hydrogen, with a resultant destruction of the film. Little or no damage is observed for films containing low hydrogen content. At a lower RTA temperature (600 degrees C), the films remain intact with similar morphologies. At this same lower RTA temperature, both the incubation time and crystallization time decrease, and the grain size as measured by x-ray diffraction increases with decreasing hydrogen film content. Measurements of the crystallization time versus H evolution time indicate that the vast majority of the hydrogen must evolve from both films before crystallization commences. To examine the relationship between hydrogen evolution and crystallization, a two-step annealing process was utilized. For the high hydrogen content films, the final grain size increases if a large portion of the hydrogen is driven out at temperatures well below the crystallization temperature. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM harv_mahan@nrel.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 AR 023597 DI 10.1063/1.2159550 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 008BH UT WOS:000235014700013 ER PT J AU Tasker, DG Asay, BW King, JC Sanders, VE Son, SF AF Tasker, DG Asay, BW King, JC Sanders, VE Son, SF TI Dynamic measurements of electrical conductivity in metastable intermolecular composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) materials are comprised of a mixture of oxidizer and fuel with particle sizes in the nanometer range. Dynamic electrical conductivity measurements have been performed on a reacting MIC material. Simultaneous optical measurements of the wavefront position have shown that the reaction and conduction fronts are coincident within 160 mu m. It has been observed that MICs, like high explosives, are insulators before reaction is initiated. Once reaction is induced, there is a conduction zone that corresponds with the reaction zone behind the reaction front. Unlike detonating high explosives (HEs) where the conductivity profile is represented by an initial peak followed by an exponential decay of conductivity, the MIC conductivity profile is a gradual, irregular ramp which increases from zero over many microseconds. This supports other studies that show the MIC reaction process to be significantly different from detonating HEs. Static measurements of conductivity of pressed MIC pellets suggest that the electrical conduction is associated with chemical reaction in the MIC and not compaction effects alone. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, DX-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tasker@lanl.gov OI Son, Steven/0000-0001-7498-2922 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 AR 023705 DI 10.1063/1.2163015 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 008BH UT WOS:000235014700041 ER PT J AU Vogler, TJ Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Dandekar, DP AF Vogler, TJ Reinhart, WD Chhabildas, LC Dandekar, DP TI Hugoniot and strength behavior of silicon carbide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED PHASE-TRANSITION; SHOCK-WAVE; X-RAY; INELASTIC DEFORMATION; DELAYED FAILURE; CERAMIC TARGETS; SHEAR-STRENGTH; DYNAMIC YIELD; BORON-CARBIDE; COMPRESSION AB The shock behavior of two varieties of the ceramic silicon carbide was investigated through a series of time-resolved plate impact experiments reaching stresses of over 140 GPa. The Hugoniot data obtained are consistent for the two varieties tested as well as with most data from the literature. Through the use of reshock and release configurations, reloading and unloading responses for the material were found. Analysis of these responses provides a measure of the ceramic's strength behavior as quantified by the shear stress and the strength in the Hugoniot state. While previous strength measurements were limited to stresses of 20-25 GPa, measurements were made to 105 GPa in the current study. The initial unloading response is found to be elastic to stresses as high as 105 GPa, the level at which a solid-to-solid phase transformation is observed. While the unloading response lies significantly below the Hugoniot, the reloading response essentially follows it. This differs significantly from previous results for B4C and Al2O3. The strength of the material increases by about 50% at stresses of 50-75 GPa before falling off somewhat as the phase transformation is approached. Thus, the strength behavior of SiC in planar impact experiments could be characterized as metal-like in character. The previously reported phase transformation at similar to 105 GPa was readily detected by the reshock technique, but it initially eluded detection with traditional shock experiments. This illustrates the utility of the reshock technique for identifying phase transformations. The transformation in SiC was found to occur at about 104 GPa with an associated volume change of about 9%. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, Impact Phys Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1181, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjvogle@sandia.gov RI Vogler, Tracy/B-4489-2009 NR 66 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 99 IS 2 AR 023512 DI 10.1063/1.2159084 PG 15 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 008BH UT WOS:000235014700018 ER PT J AU Wei, XZ AF Wei, XZ TI Hydrothermal synthesis of BaTiO3 thin films on nanoporous TiO2 covered Ti substrates SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE growth models; hydrothermal crystal growth; barium compounds; ferroelectric materials ID BARIUM-TITANATE; ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ANODIC-OXIDATION; TITANIUM METAL; ATIO(3) A=BA; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; MECHANISM; SILICON AB It is well known that there is an upper limit (< 0.25 mu m) for the thickness of hydrothermal thin films grown on Ti substrate in the 100-200 degrees C temperature range, even the reaction time is extended to several weeks. In this paper, BaTiO3 thin films have been firstly hydrothermally synthesized on titanium substrates covered with a nanoporous TiO2 layer. By using TiO2 covered substrates, the thickness of BaTiO3 films can easily reach similar to 1.0 mu m at 110 degrees C after only 2 h hydrothermal treatment. It is found that the large quantity of pores with size at the tens of nanometer range in the oxide layer served as easy paths for the diffusion of Ba2+ and OH- and enabled the film grow thicker. SEM and XRD results show that the films are crack-free and in polycrystalline phase. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met Dept 107, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wei, XZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Met Dept 107, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xwei@ameslab.gov NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 286 IS 2 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.018 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 004NA UT WOS:000234758300025 ER PT J AU Cameron, RA Rowen, L Nesbitt, R Bloom, S Rast, JP Berney, K Arenas-Mena, C Martinez, P Lucas, S Richardson, PM Davidson, EH Peterson, KJ Hood, L AF Cameron, RA Rowen, L Nesbitt, R Bloom, S Rast, JP Berney, K Arenas-Mena, C Martinez, P Lucas, S Richardson, PM Davidson, EH Peterson, KJ Hood, L TI Unusual gene order and organization of the sea urchin Hox cluster SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID CIONA-INTESTINALIS; HOMEOBOX GENE; STRONGYLOCENTROTUS-PURPURATUS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; PARAHOX GENES; EVOLUTION; EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA; COMPLEX; SEQUENCE AB While the highly consistent gene order and axial colinear patterns of expression seem to be a feature of vertebrate box gene clusters, this pattern may be less well conserved across the rest of the bilaterians. We report the first deuterostome instance of an intact box cluster with a unique gene order where the paralog groups are not expressed in a sequential manner. The finished sequence from BAC clones from the genome of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, reveals a gene order wherein the anterior genes (Hox1, Hox2 and Hox3) lie nearest the posterior genes in the cluster such that the most 3' gene is Hox5. (The gene order is 5-Hox1, 2, 3, 11/13c, 11/13b, 11/13a, 9/10, 8, 7, 6, 5-3'.) The finished sequence result is corroborated by restriction mapping evidence and BAC-end scaffold analyses. Comparisons with a putative ancestral deuterostome Hox gene cluster suggest that the rearrangements leading to the sea urchin gene order were many and complex. C1 CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Sunnybrook & Womens Coll Hlth Sci Ctr, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Barcelona, Dept Genet, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP CALTECH, Beckman Inst 139 74, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM acameron@caltech.edu RI Peterson, Kevin/A-2188-2009; Martinez, Pedro/O-5025-2014; OI Martinez, Pedro/0000-0003-3956-7541; Cameron, R. Andrew/0000-0003-3947-6041 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD05753] NR 63 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-5007 EI 1552-5015 J9 J EXP ZOOL PART B JI J. Exp. Zool. Part B PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 306B IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1002/jez.b.21070 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Zoology GA 021YP UT WOS:000236022100005 PM 16116652 ER PT J AU Sakellariou, G Park, M Advincula, R Mays, JW Hadjichristidis, N AF Sakellariou, G Park, M Advincula, R Mays, JW Hadjichristidis, N TI Homopolymer and block copolymer brushes on gold by living anionic surface-initiated polymerization in a polar solvent SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anionic polymerization; surface polymerization; self-assembled monolayer; polymer brushes; FTIR; AFM ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GRAFTED-SILICA PARTICLES; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; POROUS MEMBRANE; CARBOCATIONIC POLYMERIZATION; THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; POLYMERS AB Living anionic surface-initiated polymerization on flat gold substrates has been conducted to create uniform homopolymer and diblock copolymer brushes. A 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) self-assembled monolayer was used as the immobilized precursor initiator. n-BuLi was used to activate the DPE in tetrahydrofuran at -78 degrees C to initiate the polymerization of different monomers (styrene, isoprene, ethylene oxide, and methyl methacrylate). Poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in particular were first investigated as grafted homopolymers, followed by their copolymers, including poly(isoprene)-b-poly(methylmethaerylate) (PI-b-PMMA). A combined approach of spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface plasmon spectroscopy, ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and microscopic (atomic force microscopy) surface analysis was used to investigate the formation of the polymer brushes in polar solvent media. The chemical nature of the outermost layer of these brushes was studied by water contact angle measurements. The effect of the experimental conditions (solvent, temperature, initiator concentration) on the surface properties of the polymer brushes was also investigated. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ Athens, Dept Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Hadjichristidis, N (reprint author), Univ Athens, Dept Chem, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. EM radvincula@uh.edu; hadjichristidis@chem.uoa.gr RI Sakellariou, Georgios/B-1752-2014 NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 769 EP 782 DI 10.1002/pola.21195 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 998WC UT WOS:000234349600006 ER PT J AU Klavans, R Boyack, KW AF Klavans, R Boyack, KW TI Identifying a better measure of relatedness for mapping science SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOURNAL COCITATION ANALYSIS; INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH; NETWORK STRUCTURE; CITATION-REPORTS; MAPS; INDICATORS; MANAGEMENT; GRAPHS; INDEX; AREA AB Measuring the relatedness between bibliometric units (journals, documents, authors, or words) is a central task in bibliometric analysis. Relatedness measures are used for many different tasks, among them the generating of maps, or visual pictures, showing the relationship between all items from these data. Despite the importance of these tasks, there has been little written on how to quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of relatedness measures or the resulting maps. The authors propose a new framework for assessing the performance of relatedness measures and visualization algorithms that contains four factors: accuracy, coverage, scalability, and robustness. This method was applied to 10 measures of journal-journal relatedness to determine the best measure. The 10 relatedness measures were then used as inputs to a visualization algorithm to create an additional 10 measures of journal-journal relatedness based on the distances between pairs of journals in two-dimensional space. This second step determines robustness (i.e., which measure remains best after dimension reduction). Results show that, for low coverage (under 50%) the Pearson correlation is the most accurate raw relatedness measure. However, the best overall measure, both at high coverage, and after dimension reduction, is the cosine index or a modified cosine index. Results also showed that the visualization algorithm increased local accuracy for most measures. Possible reasons for this counterintuitive finding are discussed. C1 SciTech Strategies Inc, Berwyn, PA 19312 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP SciTech Strategies Inc, 2405 White Horse Rd, Berwyn, PA 19312 USA. EM rklavans@mapofscience.com; kboyack@sandia.gov OI Boyack, Kevin/0000-0001-7814-8951 NR 41 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-2882 EI 1532-2890 J9 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 57 IS 2 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1002/asi.20274 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 000VM UT WOS:000234490500009 ER PT J AU Pint, BA DiStefano, JR Wright, IG AF Pint, BA DiStefano, JR Wright, IG TI Oxidation resistance: One barrier to moving beyond Ni-base superalloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE oxidation resistance; superalloys; coatings; refractory metals ID ALUMINA-FORMING ALLOYS; WATER-VAPOR-PRESSURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSION COATINGS; PROTECTIVE SCALE; SILICON-CARBIDE; GAS-TURBINE; BOND COAT; BEHAVIOR; PLATINUM AB The implementation of new high-temperature materials is often hampered by their lack of oxidation or environmental resistance. This failing is one of the strongest barriers to moving beyond Ni-base superalloys for many commercial applications. In practice, usable high-temperature alloys have at least reasonable oxidation resistance, but the current generation of single-crystal Ni-base superalloys has sufficient oxidation resistance that optimized versions can be used without a metallic bond coating and only an oxygen-transparent ceramic coating for thermal protection. The material development process often centers around mechanical properties, while oxidation resistance, along with other realities, is given minor attention. For many applications, the assumption that an oxidation-resistant coating can be used to protect a substrate is seriously flawed, as coatings often do not provide sufficient reliability for critical components. Examples of oxidation problems are given for currently used materials and materials classes with critical oxidation resistance problems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 75 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 415 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.091 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 997TH UT WOS:000234270400034 ER PT J AU Akimoto, T Aoki, M Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Burghard, A Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, CI Derylo, G Fang, I Feng, EJ Fernandez, JP Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Gorelov, I Haber, C Hale, D Hara, K Harr, R Hill, C Hoeferkamp, M Hoff, J Holbrook, B Hongn, SC Hrycyk, M Hsiung, TH Incandela, J Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Junk, T Kahkola, H Karjalainen, S Kim, S Kobayashi, K Kong, DJ Kriege, B Kruse, D Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Lander, R Landry, T Lauhakangas, R Lee, J Lu, RS Lujan, P Lukens, P Mandelli, E Manea, C Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Min, SN Moccia, S Nakano, I Naoumov, D Nelson, T Nord, B Novak, J Okusawa, T Orava, R Orlov, Y Osterberg, K Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Riipinen, P Schuyler, B Seidel, S Shenai, A Soha, A Stuart, D Tanaka, R Tavi, M Von der Lippe, H Walder, JP Wang, Z Watje, P Weber, M Wester, W Yamamoto, K Yang, YC Yao, W Yao, W Yarema, R Yun, JC Zetti, F Zimmerman, T Zimmermann, S Zucchellil, S AF Akimoto, T Aoki, M Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Behari, S Benjamin, D Bisello, D Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Burghard, A Busetto, G Cabrera, S Canepa, A Cardoso, G Chertok, M Ciobanu, CI Derylo, G Fang, I Feng, EJ Fernandez, JP Flaugher, B Freeman, J Galtieri, L Galyardt, J Garcia-Sciveres, M Giurgiu, G Gorelov, I Haber, C Hale, D Hara, K Harr, R Hill, C Hoeferkamp, M Hoff, J Holbrook, B Hongn, SC Hrycyk, M Hsiung, TH Incandela, J Jeon, EJ Joo, KK Junk, T Kahkola, H Karjalainen, S Kim, S Kobayashi, K Kong, DJ Kriege, B Kruse, D Kuznetsova, N Kyre, S Lander, R Landry, T Lauhakangas, R Lee, J Lu, RS Lujan, P Lukens, P Mandelli, E Manea, C Maksimovic, P Merkel, P Min, SN Moccia, S Nakano, I Naoumov, D Nelson, T Nord, B Novak, J Okusawa, T Orava, R Orlov, Y Osterberg, K Pantano, D Pavlicek, V Pellett, D Pursley, J Riipinen, P Schuyler, B Seidel, S Shenai, A Soha, A Stuart, D Tanaka, R Tavi, M Von der Lippe, H Walder, JP Wang, Z Watje, P Weber, M Wester, W Yamamoto, K Yang, YC Yao, W Yao, W Yarema, R Yun, JC Zetti, F Zimmerman, T Zimmermann, S Zucchellil, S TI The CDF Run IIb silicon detector: Design, preproduction, and performance SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE silicon tracker; CDF; run IIb; SVX4 ID VERTEX DETECTOR; READOUT CHIP; INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT; STRIP READOUT; UPGRADE; TRACKER; DISCOVERY; COLLIDER; FERMILAB; TRIGGER AB A new silicon microstrip detector was designed by the CDF collaboration for the proposed high-luminosity operation of the Tevatron p (p) over bar collider (Run IIb). The detector is radiation-tolerant and will still be functional after exposure to particle fluences of 10(14) 1-MeV equivalent neutrons/cm(2) and radiation doses of 20 MRad. The detector will maintain or exceed the performance of the current CDF silicon detector throughout Run IIb. It is based on an innovative silicon "supermodule" design. Critical detector components like the custom radiation-hard SVX4 readout chip, the beryllia hybrids and mini-port (repeater) cards, and the silicon sensors fulfill their specifications and were produced with high yields. The design goals and solutions of the CDF Run IIb silicon detector are described, and the performance of preproduction modules is presented in detail. Results relevant for the development of future silicon systems are emphasized. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93160 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Pohjois Savo Polytech, Kuopio, Finland. Okayama Univ, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 5588585, Japan. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Weber, M (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton OX1 0QX1, England. EM m.m.weber@rl.ac.uk RI Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133 NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 556 IS 2 BP 459 EP 481 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.046 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 004ER UT WOS:000234735300008 ER PT J AU Toshito, T Kodama, K Yusa, K Ozaki, M Amako, K Kameoka, S Murakami, K Sasaki, T Aoki, S Ban, T Fukuda, T Naganawa, N Nakamura, T Natsume, M Niwa, K Takahashi, S Kanazawa, M Kanematsu, N Komori, M Sato, S Asai, M Koi, T Fukushima, C Ogawa, S Shibasaki, M Shibuya, H AF Toshito, T Kodama, K Yusa, K Ozaki, M Amako, K Kameoka, S Murakami, K Sasaki, T Aoki, S Ban, T Fukuda, T Naganawa, N Nakamura, T Natsume, M Niwa, K Takahashi, S Kanazawa, M Kanematsu, N Komori, M Sato, S Asai, M Koi, T Fukushima, C Ogawa, S Shibasaki, M Shibuya, H TI Charge identification of highly ionizing particles in desensitized nuclear emulsion using high speed read-out system SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE nuclear emulsion; emulsion chamber; film refreshing; charge identification; heavy ion ID TAU-NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS; HEAVY-ION RADIOTHERAPY AB We performed an experimental study of charge identification of heavy ions from helium to carbon having energy of about 290 MeV/u using an emulsion chamber. Emulsion was desensitized by means of forced fading (refreshing) to expand a dynamic range of response to highly charged particles. For the track reconstruction and charge identification, the fully automated high speed emulsion read-out system, which was originally developed for identifying minimum ionizing particles, was used without any modification. Clear track by track charge identification up to Z = 6 was demonstrated. The refreshing technique has proved to be a powerful technique to expand response of emulsion film to highly ionizing particles. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. Aichi Univ Educ, Kariya, Aichi 4488542, Japan. Gunma Univ, Maebashi, Gumma 3718510, Japan. Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. Natl Inst Radiol Sci, Chiba 2638555, Japan. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Toho Univ, Chiba 2748510, Japan. RP Toshito, T (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. EM toshi@flab.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Komori, Masataka/I-6259-2014; Aoki, Shigeki/L-6044-2015; Kanematsu, Nobuyuki/B-9130-2008 OI Komori, Masataka/0000-0002-4545-4917; Kanematsu, Nobuyuki/0000-0002-2534-9933 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 556 IS 2 BP 482 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.047 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 004ER UT WOS:000234735300009 ER PT J AU Scates, W Hartwell, JK Aryaeinejad, R McIlwain, ME AF Scates, W Hartwell, JK Aryaeinejad, R McIlwain, ME TI Optimization studies of a Compton suppression spectrometer using experimentally validated Monte Carlo simulations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray spectrometry; Compton suppression; scintillation detectors; MCNP ID SCINTILLATION PROPERTIES; GAMMA-SPECTROMETER AB Recent developments associated with room temperature semiconductor detectors and inorganic scintillators suggest that these detectors may be viable alternatives for the primary detector in a Compton suppression spectrometer (CSS). The room temperature operation of these detectors allows removal of a substantial amount of material from between primary and secondary detectors, if properly designed and should afford substantially better suppression factors than can be achieved by germanium-based spectrometers. We have chosen to study the optimum properties of a CSS with a LaX3:Ce scintillator (where X is chloride or bromide) as the primary gamma-ray detector. A Monte Carlo photon transport model is used to determine the optimum geometric properties of this spectrometer. To validate the assumptions and basic design of the Monte Carlo simulations, the energy distribution of a Cs-137 point source is measured and simulated for two experimental systems. Comparison of the suppression factors for the measured and simulated data validates the model accuracy. A range of CSS physical parameters are studied to determine optimal detector geometry and to maximize the Compton suppression factor. These physical parameters and their optimum values are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Global Technol Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. RP McIlwain, ME (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Michael.McIlwain@inl.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 556 IS 2 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.09.044 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 004ER UT WOS:000234735300012 ER PT J AU Marie, F Letourneau, A Fioni, G Deruelle, O Veyssiere, C Faust, H Mutti, P AlMahamid, I Muhammad, B AF Marie, F Letourneau, A Fioni, G Deruelle, O Veyssiere, C Faust, H Mutti, P AlMahamid, I Muhammad, B TI Thermal neutron capture cross-section measurements of Am-243 and Pu-242 using the new mini-INCA alpha- and gamma-spectroscopy station SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron; cross-section; Am-243; Pu-242; spectroscopy; nuclear waste; transmutation AB In the framework of the Mini-INCA project, dedicated to the study of Minor Actinide transmutation process in high neutron fluxes, an alpha- and gamma-spectroscopy station has been developed and installed at the High Flux Reactor of the Laue-Langevin Institut. This set-up allows short irradiations as well as long irradiations in a high quasi-thermal neutron flux and post-irradiation spectroscopy analysis. It is well suited to measure precisely, in reference to (CO)-C-59 cross-section, neutron capture cross-sections, for all the actinides, in the thermal energy region. The first measurements using this set-up were done on Am-243 and Pu-242 isotopes. Cross-section values, at E-n = 0.025 eV, were found to be (81.8 +/- 3.6) b for Am-243 and (22.5 +/- 1.1) b for Pu-242. These values differ from evaluated data libraries by a factor of 9% and 17%, respectively, but are compatible with the most recent measurements.. validating by the way the experimental apparatus. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Inst Laue Langevin, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, ESH Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Letourneau, A (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM aletourneau@cea.fr NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 556 IS 2 BP 547 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.125 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 004ER UT WOS:000234735300019 ER PT J AU Iodice, M Cisbani, E Colilli, S Cusanno, F Frullani, S Fratoni, R Garibaldi, F Gricia, M Lucentini, M Pierangeli, L Santavenere, F Urciuoli, GM Veneroni, P De Cataldo, G De Leo, R Di Bari, D Lagamba, L Nappi, E Marrone, S Kross, B LeRose, JJ Reitz, B Segal, J Zorn, C Breuer, H AF Iodice, M Cisbani, E Colilli, S Cusanno, F Frullani, S Fratoni, R Garibaldi, F Gricia, M Lucentini, M Pierangeli, L Santavenere, F Urciuoli, GM Veneroni, P De Cataldo, G De Leo, R Di Bari, D Lagamba, L Nappi, E Marrone, S Kross, B LeRose, JJ Reitz, B Segal, J Zorn, C Breuer, H TI Performance and results of the RICH detector for kaon physics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab (vol 553, pg 231, 2005) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Correction C1 INFN, Sez Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. INFN, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Univ Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. INFN, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Iodice, M (reprint author), INFN, Sez Roma 3, Via Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Rome, Italy. EM mauro.iodice@roma3.infn.it RI Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Di Bari, Domenico/0000-0002-5559-8906 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 556 IS 2 BP 644 EP 644 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.086 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 004ER UT WOS:000234735300028 ER PT J AU Rushford, MC Molander, WA Nissen, JD Jovanovic, I Britten, JA Barty, CPJ AF Rushford, MC Molander, WA Nissen, JD Jovanovic, I Britten, JA Barty, CPJ TI Diffraction grating eigenvector for translational and rotational motion SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASERS AB Future energy scaling of high-energy chirped-pulse amplification systems will benefit from the capability to coherently tile diffraction gratings into larger apertures. Design and operation of a novel, accurate alignment diagnostic for coherently tiled diffraction gratings is required for successful implementation of this technique. An invariant diffraction direction and phase for special moves of a diffraction grating is discussed, allowing simplification in the design of the coherently tiled grating diagnostic. An analytical proof of the existence of a unique diffraction grating eigenvector for translational and rotational motion that conserves the diffraction direction and diffracted wave phase is presented. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rushford, MC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Code L-459,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rushford1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1364/OL.31.000155 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 003ES UT WOS:000234665000005 PM 16441014 ER PT J AU Tschauner, O Errandonea, D Serghiou, G AF Tschauner, O Errandonea, D Serghiou, G TI Possible superlattice formation in high-temperature treated carbonaceous MgB2 at elevated pressure SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE high pressure; phase transition; superconductor; MgB2 ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; SUBSTITUTION; BORON AB We report indications of a phase transition in carbonaceous MgB2 above 9 GPa at 300 K after stress relaxation by laser heating. The transition was detected using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The observed changes are consistent with a second-order structural transition involving a doubling of the unit cell along c and a reduction of the boron site symmetry. Moreover, the Raman spectra suggest a reduction in electron-phonon coupling in the slightly modified MgB2 structure consistent with the previously proposed topological transition in MgB2. However, further attributes including deviatoric stress, lattice defects, and compositional variation may play an important role in the observed phenomena. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Errandonea, D (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Aplicada, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. EM daniel.errandonea@uv.es RI Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016 OI Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 371 IS 1 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2005.09.042 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 004WY UT WOS:000234784500014 ER PT J AU Stinis, P AF Stinis, P TI A comparative study of two stochastic mode reduction methods SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Mori-Zwanzig formalism; Stochastic mode reduction; scale separation; Stochastic equations ID OPTIMAL PREDICTION; DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE AB We present a comparative study of two methods for the reduction of the dimensionality of a system of ordinary differential equations that exhibits time-scale separation. Both methods lead to a reduced system of stochastic differential equations. The novel feature of these methods is that they allow the use, in the reduced system, of higher-order terms in the resolved variables. The first method, proposed by Majda, Timofeyev and Vanden-Eijnden, is based on an asymptotic strategy developed by Kurtz. The second method is a short-memory approximation of the Mori-Zwanzig projection formalism of irreversible statistical mechanics. as proposed by Chorin, Hald and Kupferman. We present conditions under which the reduced models arising from the two methods should have similar predictive ability. We apply the two methods to test cases that satisfy these conditions. The form of the reduced models and the numerical simulations,;how that the two methods have similar predictive ability as expected. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stinis, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stinis@math.lbl.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 213 IS 2 BP 197 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2005.11.010 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 013NN UT WOS:000235416100007 ER PT J AU Chen, G Lin, YH Wang, J AF Chen, G Lin, YH Wang, J TI Monitoring environmental pollutants by microchip capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection SO TALANTA LA English DT Review DE microchip; capillary electrophoresis; environmental pollutants; amperometry; conductivity; electrochemistry; detectors ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE NERVE AGENTS; CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; FILM AMPEROMETRIC DETECTORS; TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; PLANAR POLYMER CHIP; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SEPARATION; FABRICATION; INJECTION AB During the past decade, significant progress in the development of miniaturized rnicrofluidic systems has Occurred due to the numerous advantages of microchip analysis. This review focuses on recent advances and the key strategies in microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for separating and detecting a variety of environmental pollutants. The subjects covered include the fabrication of ruicrofluidic chips, ECD, typical applications of microchip CE with ECD in environmental analysis, and future prospects. It is expected that microchip CE-ECD will become a powerful tool in the environmental field and will lead to the creation of truly portable devices. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM gangchen@fudan.edu.cn RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Wang, Joseph/C-6175-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; NR 57 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD JAN 15 PY 2006 VL 68 IS 3 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.07.004 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 007GA UT WOS:000234955400002 PM 18970349 ER PT J AU Burns, CA Vanko, G Sinn, H Alatas, A Alp, EE Said, A AF Burns, CA Vanko, G Sinn, H Alatas, A Alp, EE Said, A TI Excitations of lithium ammonia complexes studied by inelastic x-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION; LI(NH3)(4); COMPOUND AB We have carried out high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the excitations of lithium dissolved in ammonia. The incident x-ray energy was 21.6 keV and the resolution was about 2 meV. Several different excitations are observed in the energy range of 0-60 meV (0-500 cm(-1)). In addition to acoustic phonons at low energies, we see excitations that are associated with vibrations of Li(NH3)(4)(+) complexes. We examined these excitations as a function of momentum transfer, lithium concentration, temperature, and state of the system (solid versus liquid). Data are compared with Hartree-Fock and density-functional theory calculations of the excitations of this complex, which agree well with the measured excitation energies. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Burns, CA (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM clement.burns@wmich.edu RI Vanko, Gyorgy/B-8176-2012 OI Vanko, Gyorgy/0000-0002-3095-6551 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 2 AR 024720 DI 10.1063/1.2133738 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 002JM UT WOS:000234607700080 PM 16422639 ER PT J AU Catellani, A Cicero, G Galli, G AF Catellani, A Cicero, G Galli, G TI Wetting behavior of low-index cubic SiC surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WATER AB We report on the interaction of water molecules with polar and nonpolar stoichiometric surfaces of cubic silicon carbide, as described by ab initio molecular dynamics at finite temperature. Our calculations show that, irrespective of coverage, in the gas phase water spontaneously dissociates on both polar Si-terminated (001) and nonpolar (110) surfaces, following similar mechanisms. The specific geometric arrangement of atoms on the outermost surface layer is responsible for water orientation and coordination and thus plays a major role in determining surface reactivity. This is found to be the case also for water on a computer-generated amorphous-SiC surface. In addition, from a macroscopic standpoint, the ability of the two crystalline surfaces with different polarities to induce water dissociation can be related to the similarities of their ionization potentials. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 CNR, IMEM, I-43010 Parma, Italy. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Catellani, A (reprint author), CNR, IMEM, Parco Area Sci 37A, I-43010 Parma, Italy. EM catellani@imem.cnr.it OI Catellani, Alessandra/0000-0001-5197-7186; Cicero, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2920-9882 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 2 AR 024707 DI 10.1063/1.2140690 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 002JM UT WOS:000234607700067 PM 16422626 ER PT J AU Levitas, VI Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF Asay, BW AF Levitas, VI Smilowitz, LB Henson, BF Asay, BW TI Interfacial and volumetric kinetics of the beta ->delta phase transition in the energetic nitramine octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine based on the virtual melting mechanism SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID DELTA-PHASE-TRANSITION; HMX; NUCLEATION C1 Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Mechanochem & Synthesis New Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Levitas, VI (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Mechanochem & Synthesis New Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 2 AR 025101 DI 10.1063/1.2140698 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 002JM UT WOS:000234607700094 ER PT J AU Qiao, J Tan, H Qiu, Y Balasubramanian, K AF Qiao, J Tan, H Qiu, Y Balasubramanian, K TI Investigation of a binuclear gallium complex with bipolar charge transporting capability for organic light-emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; ALUMINUM; DEVICES; DENSITY; DERIVATIVES; MECHANISM; MOBILITY; INDIUM; LAYER AB Detailed theoretical and experimental investigations have been presented on a novel binuclear gallium complex Ga-2(saph)(2)q(2), a potentially active and novel material for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The density-functional theory has been employed to shed light on the reason why this complex exhibits bipolar character. Theoretical results, such as ionization potential and electron affinity, and optimized geometries are in good agreement with what we have obtained experimentally. Our theoretical analysis provides new insight into the origin of bipolar features. Such character enables the gallium complex to become a prosperous hole and electron transporter used to fabricate single-layer OLEDs, which exhibit better electroluminescence compared with those originated from the previously well-adopted tri(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq(3)). An OLED device of single Ga-2(saph)(2)q(2) layer exhibiting desirable performances has been fabricated, which is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem, Key Lab Organ Optoelect & Mol Engn, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qiu, Y (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Chem, Key Lab Organ Optoelect & Mol Engn, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM qiuy@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; balu@llnl.gov RI Qiao, Juan/M-1301-2014 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 2 AR 024719 DI 10.1063/1.2150212 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 002JM UT WOS:000234607700079 PM 16422638 ER PT J AU Vibok, A Halasz, GJ Suhai, S Hoffman, DK Kouri, DJ Baer, M AF Vibok, A Halasz, GJ Suhai, S Hoffman, DK Kouri, DJ Baer, M TI Two-state versus three-state quantization: An ab initio study of the three lower states of the {N,H-2 vertical bar A '(')} system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; CONICAL INTERSECTIONS; MOLECULAR-SYSTEMS; N(D-2)+H-2 REACTION; ELECTRONIC STATES; REACTION DYNAMICS; H+H-2 SYSTEM; C2H MOLECULE; MATRIX; PAIRS AB In this article we present the first ab initio study of the conical intersections (cis) and their electronic nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACTs) for the {N,H-2} system. Efforts were made to reveal the location of cis between the two lower, 1 (2)A(') and 2 (2)A(') states-to be designated as (1,2) cis-and the cis between the two upper, 2 (2)A(') and 3 (2)A(') states-to be designated as the (2,3) cis-of this system. We found that these cis are located along the collinear {NHH) arrangement. The study is carried out by analyzing two-state magnitudes such as the (1,2) and (2,3) adiabatic-to-diabatic transformation angles (known also as the mixing angles) and the corresponding topological phases (known also as the Berry phases or the Longuet-Higgins phases). In addition, a detailed three-state study is carried out. Here the emphasis is on driving the diagonal elements of the topological D matrix and analyzing situations for which the corresponding nonadiabatic coupling matrix is quantized. The reliability of two-state results is carefully examined by comparing them with corresponding outcomes derived for the three-state study. In addition we also calculated the potential-energy surfaces related to the two lower states and studied to what extent they are affected by the (1,2) ci. The results obtained in this treatment were found to be in full agreement with the NACT's calculations. (c) American Institue of Physics. C1 Univ Debrecen, Dept Theoret Phys, H-40410 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Debrecen, Dept Informat Technol, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Dept Mol Biophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Math & Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fritz Haber Res Ctr Mol Dynam, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Vibok, A (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 5, H-40410 Debrecen, Hungary. EM Vibok@cseles.atomki.hu NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 2 AR 024312 DI 10.1063/1.2151895 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 002JM UT WOS:000234607700029 PM 16422588 ER PT J AU Yang, ML Jackson, KA Koehler, C Frauenheim, T Jellinek, J AF Yang, ML Jackson, KA Koehler, C Frauenheim, T Jellinek, J TI Structure and shape variations in intermediate-size copper clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; STATIC POLARIZABILITIES; JELLIUM MODEL; CU-N; APPROXIMATION; OPTIMIZATION; POTENTIALS; ALGORITHM AB Using extensive, unbiased searches based on density-functional theory, we explore the structural evolution of Cu-n clusters over the size range n=8-20. For n=8-16, the optimal structures are plateletlike, consisting of two layers, with the atoms in each layer forming a trigonal bonding network similar to that found in smaller, planar clusters (n <= 6). For n=17 and beyond, there is a transition to compact structures containing an icosahedral 13-atom core. The calculated ground-state structures are significantly different from those predicted earlier in studies based on empirical and semiempirical potentials. The evolution of the structure and shape of the preferred configuration of Cu-n, n <= 20, is shown to be nearly identical to that found for Na clusters, indicating a shell-model-type behavior in this size range. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Univ GH Paderborn, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, ML (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM jackson@phy.cmich.edu RI Yang, Mingli/E-9983-2012; Frauenheim, Thomas/C-5653-2015 OI Yang, Mingli/0000-0001-8590-8840; Frauenheim, Thomas/0000-0002-3073-0616 NR 39 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 2 AR 024308 DI 10.1063/1.2150439 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 002JM UT WOS:000234607700025 PM 16422584 ER PT J AU Talapatra, S Cheng, JY Chakrapani, N Trasobares, S Cao, A Vajtai, R Huang, MB Ajayan, PM AF Talapatra, S Cheng, JY Chakrapani, N Trasobares, S Cao, A Vajtai, R Huang, MB Ajayan, PM TI Ion irradiation induced structural modifications in diamond nanoparticles SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTRA; ARGON AMBIENT; TRANSFORMATION; GRAPHITE; SURFACE; GRAPHITIZATION; IMPLANTATION; POWDER; DAMAGE AB Structural modification of nanosized diamonds (ND) irradiated with 100 keV N-15 ions for various doses was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Raman active modes showing a long-range order of diamond were observed for samples dosed with 10(15) cm(-2). However, the formation of a graphitic phase was observed, from TEM images, for ion doses as low as 10(14) cm(-2). The threshold dose for complete transformation of ND (sp(3) to sp(2)) due to this implant is found to be greater than 10(15) cm(-2). The technique could prove valuable to tailor carbon nanostructures with controlled fractions of sp(3)-sp(2) bonding. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rensselaer Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60516 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Talapatra, S (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rensselaer Nanotechnol Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM talaps@rpi.edu RI Trasobares, Susana/H-5282-2015 OI Trasobares, Susana/0000-0003-3820-4327 NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JAN 14 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 1 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/1/052 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 007HI UT WOS:000234959200054 ER PT J AU Victorov, A Radke, C Prausnitz, J AF Victorov, A Radke, C Prausnitz, J TI Molecular thermodynamics for swelling of a mesoscopic ionomer gel in 1 : 1 salt solutions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGICAL SALT-SOLUTIONS; CONSISTENT-FIELD THEORY; WIGNER-SEITZ MODEL; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLYACRYLATE HYDROGELS; POLYELECTROLYTE GELS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ACID) GELS; BRUSHES AB For a microphase-separated diblock copolymer ionic gel swollen in salt solution, a molecular-thermodynamic model is based on the self-consistent field theory in the limit of strongly segregated copolymer subchains. The geometry of microdomains is described using the Milner generic wedge construction neglecting the packing frustration. A geometry-dependent generalized analytical solution for the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation is obtained. This generalized solution not only reduces to those known previously for planar, cylindrical and spherical geometries, but is also applicable to saddle-like structures. Thermodynamic functions are expressed analytically for gels of lamellar, bicontinuous, cylindrical and spherical morphologies. Molecules are characterized by chain composition, length, rigidity, degree of ionization, and by effective polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent interaction parameters. The model predicts equilibrium solvent uptakes and the equilibrium microdomain spacing for gels swollen in salt solutions. Results are given for details of the gel structure: distribution of mobile ions and polymer segments, and the electric potential across microdomains. Apart from effects obtained by coupling the classical Flory-Rehner theory with Donnan equilibria, viz. increased swelling with polyelectrolyte charge and shrinking of gel upon addition of salt, the model predicts the effects of microphase morphology on swelling. C1 St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Chem, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Victorov, A (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Chem, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. EM alexi@nonel.pu.ru RI Victorov, Alexey/A-2963-2012 OI Victorov, Alexey/0000-0001-9994-1297 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2006 VL 8 IS 2 BP 264 EP 278 DI 10.1039/b512748c PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 005DG UT WOS:000234802200009 PM 16482269 ER PT J AU Nie, L Wu, G Zhang, WW AF Nie, L Wu, G Zhang, WW TI Correlation between mRNA and protein abundance in Desulfovibrio vulgaris: A multiple regression to identify sources of variations SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE mRNA; protein; correlation; regression ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; GENE-REGULATION; EXPRESSION; YEAST; SCALE; HILDENBOROUGH; PEPTIDES AB Parallel profiling of mRNA and protein on a global scale and integrative analysis of these two data types could provide additional insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying complex biological systems. However, because mRNA and protein abundance are affected by many cellular and physical processes, there have been conflicting results on their correlation. Using whole-genome microarray and LC-MS/MS proteomic data collected from Desufovibrio vulgaris grown under three different conditions, we systematically investigate the relationship between mRNA and protein abundance by a multiple regression approach.. in which some of the key covariates that may affect mRNA-protein relationship were included. The results showed that rnRNA abundance alone can explain only 20-28% of the total variation of protein abundance, suggesting mRNA-protein correlation can not be determined by mRNA abundance alone. Among various covariates, analytic variation of protein abundance is the major source for the variation of mRNA-protein correlation, which contributes to 34-44% of the total variation of mRNA-protein correlation. The cellular functional category of genes/proteins contributes 10-15% of the total variation of mRNA-protein correlation.. with a more pronounced correlation of the two properties was observed for "central intermediary metabolism" and "energy metabolism" categories. In addition, protein stability also contributes 5% of the total variation of mRNA-protein correlation. The study presents the first quantitative analysis of the contributions of various biochemical and physical sources to the correlation of mRNA and protein abundance in D. vulgaris. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Biomath, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, WW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, POB 999,Mail Stop P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Weiwen.Zhang@pnl.gov NR 30 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 339 IS 2 BP 603 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.055 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 998OY UT WOS:000234329800022 PM 16310166 ER PT J AU Price, MN Arkin, AP Alm, EJ AF Price, MN Arkin, AP Alm, EJ TI OpWise: Operons aid the identification of differentially expressed genes in bacterial microarray experiments SO BMC BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COEXPRESSION; PREDICTION; VARIANCE; SINGLE AB Background: Differentially expressed genes are typically identified by analyzing the variation between replicate measurements. These procedures implicitly assume that there are no systematic errors in the data even though several sources of systematic error are known. Results: OpWise estimates the amount of systematic error in bacterial microarray data by assuming that genes in the same operon have matching expression patterns. OpWise then performs a Bayesian analysis of a linear model to estimate significance. In simulations, OpWise corrects for systematic error and is robust to deviations from its assumptions. In several bacterial data sets, significant amounts of systematic error are present, and replicate-based approaches overstate the confidence of the changers dramatically, while OpWise does not. Finally, OpWise can identify additional changers by assigning genes higher confidence if they are consistent with other genes in the same operon. Conclusion: Although microarray data can contain large amounts of systematic error, operons provide an external standard and allow for reasonable estimates of significance. OpWise is available at http://microbesonline.org/OpWise. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alm, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 977-152, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM morgannprice@yahoo.com; aparkin@lbl.gov; ejalm@mit.edu RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Price, Morgan/0000-0002-4251-0362 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2105 J9 BMC BIOINFORMATICS JI BMC Bioinformatics PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 7 AR 19 DI 10.1186/1471-2109-7-19 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 020GC UT WOS:000235895700001 PM 16412220 ER PT J AU Zhang, JC Liemohn, MW Kozyra, JU Thomsen, MF Elliott, HA Weygand, JM AF Zhang, JC Liemohn, MW Kozyra, JU Thomsen, MF Elliott, HA Weygand, JM TI A statistical comparison of solar wind sources of moderate and intense geomagnetic storms at solar minimum and maximum SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; RING CURRENT; MAGNETIC STORMS; SEMIANNUAL VARIATION; FEBRUARY 1986; DENSITY; FIELD; DISTURBANCES; REGIONS; PHASE AB Superposed epoch analyses of 549 storms are performed to make a comparison of solar wind features of geomagnetic storm events at solar minimum (July 1974 to June 1977; July 1984 to June 1987; July 1994 to June 1997) and solar maximum (January 1979 to December 1981; January 1989 to December 1991; July 1999 to June 2002). In this study, geomagnetic storms are defined by the pressure-corrected Dst (Dst*) and classified into moderate storms (-100 nT= 10 nT or VBs>= 5.0 mV/m for >= 3 hours), having a long interval of average B-s=similar to 10 nT with dual peaks separated by similar to 4.0 hours. The interplanetary and solar origins of storms in the different storm categories are also discussed. C1 Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Zhang, JC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jichunz@umich.edu RI Zhang, Jichun/A-4586-2008; Zhang, Jichun/A-6648-2009; Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012 OI Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631 NR 80 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A1 AR A01104 DI 10.1029/2005JA011065 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 007UX UT WOS:000234996800002 ER PT J AU Cheng, XL Lu, BZ Grant, B Law, RJ McCammon, JA AF Cheng, XL Lu, BZ Grant, B Law, RJ McCammon, JA TI Channel opening motion of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as suggested by normal mode analysis SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetylcholine receptor; ion channel; normal mode analysis; allosteric mechanism ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; ELASTIC NETWORK MODEL; GATING MECHANISM; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENCE; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; SINGLE-PARAMETER AB The gating motion of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha 7 was investigated with normal mode analysis (NMA) of two homology models. The first model, referred to as model 1, was built from both the Lymnaea stagnalis acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) and the transmembrane (TM) domain of the Torpedo marmorata nAChR. The second model, referred to as model C, was based solely on the recent electron microscopy structure of the T. marmorata nAChR. Despite structural differences, both models exhibit nearly identical patterns of flexibility and correlated motions. In addition, both models show a similar global twisting motion that may represent channel gating. The similar results obtained for the two models indicate that NMA is most sensitive to the contact topology of the structure rather than its finer detail. The major difference between the low-frequency motions sampled for the two models is that a symmetrical pore-breathing motion, favoring channel opening, is present as the second most dominant motion in model 1, whilst largely absent from model C. The absence of this mode in model C can be attributed to its less symmetrical architecture. Finally, as a further goal of the present study, an approximate open channel model, consistent with many experimental findings, has been produced. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Theoret Biol Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Theoret Biol Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM xcheng@mccammon.ucsd.edu RI Grant, Barry/A-2531-2011 NR 59 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 EI 1089-8638 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 2 BP 310 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.039 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 999EP UT WOS:000234371900013 PM 16307758 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Begalli, M Begel, M Bellavance, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besanon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cothenet, A Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D da Motta, H Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E De Oliveira Martins, C Dean, S Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Estrada, J Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fast, J Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L 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J Molina, J Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mundim, L Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Garzon, GJOY Padley, P Parashar, N Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Perez, E Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rud, VI Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shephard, WD Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stanton, NR Stark, J Steele, J Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Titov, M Tomoto, M Toole, T Torborg, J Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vlimant, J-R Von Toerne, E Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Wang, L Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A White, V Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xu, Q Xuan, N Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zdrazil, M Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zitoun, R Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Agram, JL Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Balm, PW Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Beauceron, S Begalli, M Begel, M Bellavance, A Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besanon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borcherding, F Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chapin, D Charles, F Cheu, E Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christiansen, T Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cothenet, A Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D da Motta, H Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E De Oliveira Martins, C Dean, S Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dong, H Doulas, S Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duperrin, A 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Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jain, V Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, J Karmanov, D Kasper, J Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Kesisoglou, S Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Kim, H Kim, TJ Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Kryemadhi, A Krzywdzinski, S Kulik, Y Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lager, S Lahrichi, N Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Leonidopoulos, C Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lueking, L Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M Mattingly, SEK McCarthy, R McCroskey, R Meder, D Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mundim, L Mutaf, YD Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Nelson, S Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Nurse, E O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Garzon, GJOY Padley, P Parashar, N Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Perez, E Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Rapidis, PA Ratoff, PN Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rodrigues, RF Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rud, VI Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Santoro, A Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schieferdecker, P Schmitt, C Schwanenberger, C Schwartzman, A Schwienhorst, R Sengupta, S Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shephard, WD Shivpuri, RK Shpakov, D Sidwell, RA Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smith, RP Smolek, K Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Song, X Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Souza, M Spurlock, B Stanton, NR Stark, J Steele, J Stevenson, K Stolin, V Stone, A Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Strovink, M Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Sznajder, A Talby, M Tamburello, P Taylor, W Telford, P Temple, J Titov, M Tomoto, M Toole, T Torborg, J Towers, S Trefzger, T Trincaz-Duvoid, S Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Turcot, AS Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Vachon, B van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vartapetian, A Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vlimant, J-R Von Toerne, E Vreeswijk, M Vu Anh, T Wahl, HD Wang, L Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weerts, H Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A White, V Wicke, D Wijngaarden, DA Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Womersley, J Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xu, Q Xuan, N Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yen, Y Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Yurkewicz, A Zabi, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zdrazil, M Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhao, Z Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zitoun, R Zutshi, V Zverev, EG CA D0 Collaborat TI Search for the Higgs boson in H -> WW(*) decays in p(p)over-bar collisions at root(s)=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson in H -> WW(*) decays with e(+)e(-), e(+/-)mu(-/+), and mu(+)mu(-) final states in p (p) over bar collisions at a center-of-mass-energy of root s = 1.96 TeV. The data, collected from April 2002 to june 2004 with the D0 detector, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 300-325 pb(-1), depending on the final state. The number of events observed is consistent with the expectation from backgrounds. Limits from the combination of all three channels on the Higgs boson production cross section times branching ratio sigma x BR(H -> WW(*)) are presented. C1 Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Charles Univ Prague, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. 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RI Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. 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Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, Y Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP 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R Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McGivern, D McIntyre, P McNamara, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A von der Mey, M Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Miller, JS Mills, C Milnik, M Miquel, R Miscetti, S Mitselmakher, G Miyamoto, A Moggi, N Mohr, B Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Mulhearn, M Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakano, I Napier, A Naumov, D Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nigmanov, T Nodulman, L Norniella, O Ogawa, T Oh, SH Oh, YD Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Papikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Pope, G Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Rakitin, A Rappoccio, S Ratnikov, F Reisert, B Rekovic, V van Remortel, N Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Rinnert, K Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Rott, C Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Ryan, D Saarikko, H Sabik, S Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Saltzberg, D Sanchez, C Santi, L Sarkar, S Sato, K Savard, P Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfiligoi, I Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sill, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Sjolin, J Skiba, A Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smirnov, D Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Staveris-Polykalas, A St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sumorok, K Sun, H Suzuki, T Taffard, A Tafirout, R Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Thom, J Thompson, AS Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Tonnesmann, M Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tsuchiya, R Tsuno, S Turini, N Ukegawa, F Unverhau, T Uozumi, S Usynin, D Vacavant, L Vaiciulis, A Vallecorsa, S Varganov, A Vataga, E Velev, G Veramendi, G Veszpremi, V Vickey, T Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vollrath, I Volobouev, I Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wallny, R Walter, T Wan, Z Wang, MJ Wang, SM Warburton, A Ward, B Waschke, S Waters, D Watts, T Weber, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Worm, S Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, Y Yang, C Yang, UK Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zetti, F Zhang, X Zhou, J Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model decaying to tau pairs in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BROKEN SYMMETRIES; MASSES; MSSM AB We present a search for neutral supersymmetric Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs produced in p (p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV. The data, corresponding to 310 pb(-1) integrated luminosity, were collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab in run II of the Tevatron. No significant excess above the standard model backgrounds is observed. We set exclusion limits on the production cross section times branching fraction to tau pairs for Higgs boson masses in the range from 90 to 250 GeV/c(2). C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis, Santander 39005, Spain. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 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RI Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013 OI Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 011802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.011802 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300015 ER PT J AU Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Jamel, A Alexander, J Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Atomssa, ET Averbeck, R Awes, TC Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Cussonneau, JP d'Enterria, D Das, K David, G Deak, F Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Fields, DE Finck, C Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fukao, Y Fung, SY Gadrat, S Germain, M Glenn, A Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hasuko, K Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hidas, P Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Horaguchi, T Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Inaba, M Inuzuka, M Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Katou, K Kawabata, T Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Kohara, R Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kunde, GJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Le Bornec, Y Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McCain, MC McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Newby, J Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Penev, V Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Pierson, A Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qualls, JM Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Uam, TJ van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Willis, N Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L Zong, X AF Adler, SS Afanasiev, S Aidala, C Ajitanand, NN Akiba, Y Al-Jamel, A Alexander, J Aoki, K Aphecetche, L Armendariz, R Aronson, SH Atomssa, ET Averbeck, R Awes, TC Babintsev, V Baldisseri, A Barish, KN Barnes, PD Bassalleck, B Bathe, S Batsouli, S Baublis, V Bauer, F Bazilevsky, A Belikov, S Bjorndal, MT Boissevain, JG Borel, H Brooks, ML Brown, DS Bruner, N Bucher, D Buesching, H Bumazhnov, V Bunce, G Burward-Hoy, JM Butsyk, S Camard, X Chand, P Chang, WC Chernichenko, S Chi, CY Chiba, J Chiu, M Choi, IJ Choudhury, RK Chujo, T Cianciolo, V Cobigo, Y Cole, BA Comets, MP Constantin, P Csanad, M Csorgo, T Cussonneau, JP d'Enterria, D Das, K David, G Deak, F Delagrange, H Denisov, A Deshpande, A Desmond, EJ Devismes, A Dietzsch, O Drachenberg, JL Drapier, O Drees, A Durum, A Dutta, D Dzhordzhadze, V Efremenko, YV En'yo, H Espagnon, B Esumi, S Fields, DE Finck, C Fleuret, F Fokin, SL Fox, BD Fraenkel, Z Frantz, JE Franz, A Frawley, AD Fukao, Y Fung, SY Gadrat, S Germain, M Glenn, A Gonin, M Gosset, J Goto, Y de Cassagnac, RG Grau, N Greene, SV Perdekamp, MG Gustafsson, HA Hachiya, T Haggerty, JS Hamagaki, H Hansen, AG Hartouni, EP Harvey, M Hasuko, K Hayano, R He, X Heffner, M Hemmick, TK Heuser, JM Hidas, P Hiejima, H Hill, JC Hobbs, R Holzmann, W Homma, K Hong, B Hoover, A Horaguchi, T Ichihara, T Ikonnikov, VV Imai, K Inaba, M Inuzuka, M Isenhower, D Isenhower, L Ishihara, M Issah, M Isupov, A Jacak, BV Jia, J Jinnouchi, O Johnson, BM Johnson, SC Joo, KS Jouan, D Kajihara, F Kametani, S Kamihara, N Kaneta, M Kang, JH Katou, K Kawabata, T Kazantsev, AV Kelly, S Khachaturov, B Khanzadeev, A Kikuchi, J Kim, DJ Kim, E Kim, GB Kim, HJ Kinney, E Kiss, A Kistenev, E Kiyomichi, A Klein-Boesing, C Kobayashi, H Kochenda, L Kochetkov, V Kohara, R Komkov, B Konno, M Kotchetkov, D Kozlov, A Kroon, PJ Kuberg, CH Kunde, GJ Kurita, K Kweon, MJ Kwon, Y Kyle, GS Lacey, R Lajoie, JG Le Bornec, Y Lebedev, A Leckey, S Lee, DM Leitch, MJ Leite, MAL Li, XH Lim, H Litvinenko, A Liu, MX Maguire, CF Makdisi, YI Malakhov, A Manko, VI Mao, Y Martinez, G Masui, H Matathias, F Matsumoto, T McCain, MC McGaughey, PL Miake, Y Miller, TE Milov, A Mioduszewski, S Mishra, GC Mitchell, JT Mohanty, AK Morrison, DP Moss, JM Mukhopadhyay, D Muniruzzaman, M Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Nakamura, T Newby, J Nyanin, AS Nystrand, J O'Brien, E Ogilvie, CA Ohnishi, H Ojha, ID Okada, H Okada, K Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Oyama, K Ozawa, K Pal, D Palounek, APT Pantuev, V Papavassiliou, V Park, J Park, WJ Pate, SF Pei, H Penev, V Peng, JC Pereira, H Peresedov, V Pierson, A Pinkenburg, C Pisani, RP Purschke, ML Purwar, AK Qualls, JM Rak, J Ravinovich, I Read, KF Reuter, M Reygers, K Riabov, V Riabov, Y Roche, G Romana, A Rosati, M Rosendahl, SSE Rosnet, P Rykov, VL Ryu, SS Saito, N Sakaguchi, T Sakai, S Samsonov, V Sanfratello, L Santo, R Sato, HD Sato, S Sawada, S Schutz, Y Semenov, V Seto, R Shea, TK Shein, I Shibata, TA Shigaki, K Shimomura, M Sickles, A Silva, CL Silvermyr, D Sim, KS Soldatov, A Soltz, RA Sondheim, WE Sorensen, SP Sourikova, IV Staley, F Stankus, PW Stenlund, E Stepanov, M Ster, A Stoll, SP Sugitate, T Sullivan, JP Takagi, S Takagui, EM Taketani, A Tanaka, KH Tanaka, Y Tanida, K Tannenbaum, MJ Taranenko, A Tarjan, P Thomas, TL Togawa, M Tojo, J Torii, H Towell, RS Tram, VN Tserruya, I Tsuchimoto, Y Tydesjo, H Tyurin, N Uam, TJ van Hecke, HW Velkovska, J Velkovsky, M Veszpremi, V Vinogradov, AA Volkov, MA Vznuzdaev, E Wang, XR Watanabe, Y White, SN Willis, N Wohn, FK Woody, CL Xie, W Yanovich, A Yokkaichi, S Young, GR Yushmanov, IE Zajc, WA Zhang, C Zhou, S Zimanyi, J Zolin, L Zong, X CA PHENIX Collaboration TI J/psi production and nuclear effects for d+Au and p+p collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK; PSI'; SUPPRESSION; PHYSICS; PHENIX AB J/psi production in d+Au and p+p collisions at root s(NN)=200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at rapidities -2.2 < y <+2.4. The cross sections and nuclear dependence of J/psi production versus rapidity, transverse momentum, and centrality are obtained and compared to lower energy p+A results and to theoretical models. The observed nuclear dependence in d+Au collisions is found to be modest, suggesting that the absorption in the final state is weak and the shadowing of the gluon distributions is small and consistent with Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi-based parametrizations that fit deep-inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan data at lower energies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Abilene Christian Univ, Abilene, TX 79699 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Banaras Hindu Univ, Dept Phys, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Ctr Nucl Studies, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. CEA Saclay, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Eotvos Lorand Univ, ELTE, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. Inst High Energy Phys, IHEP Protvino, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino 142281, Russia. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hungarian Acad Sci, KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, MTA, KFKI,RMKI, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, F-63177 Clermont Ferrand, France. Lund Univ, Dept Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Myongji Univ, Yongin 449728, Kyonggido, South Korea. Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki 8510193, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Paris 11, IPN Orsay, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. Peking Univ, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad, Russia. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seoul Natl Univ, Syst Elect Lab, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Nantes, IN2P3, CNRS, SUBATECH,Ecole Mines Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Waseda Univ, Adv Res Inst Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620044, Japan. Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Yonsei Univ, IPAP, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zajc@nevis.columbia.edu RI seto, richard/G-8467-2011; Csanad, Mate/D-5960-2012; Csorgo, Tamas/I-4183-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; Durum, Artur/C-3027-2014; Yokkaichi, Satoshi/C-6215-2017; Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017; Semenov, Vitaliy/E-9584-2017 OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315; NR 28 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 012304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.012304 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300023 PM 16486446 ER PT J AU Akerib, DS Attisha, MJ Bailey, CN Baudis, L Bauer, DA Brink, PL Brusov, PP Bunker, R Cabrera, B Caldwell, DO Chang, CL Cooley, J Crisler, MB Cushman, P Daal, M Dixon, R Dragowsky, MR Driscoll, DD Duong, L Ferril, R Filippini, J Gaitskell, RJ Golwala, SR Grant, DR Hennings-Yeomans, R Holmgren, D Huber, ME Kamat, S Leclercq, S Lu, A Mahapatra, R Mandic, V Meunier, P Mirabolfathi, N Nelson, H Nelson, R Ogburn, RW Perera, TA Pyle, M Ramberg, E Rau, W Reisetter, A Ross, RR Sadoulet, B Sander, J Savage, C Schnee, RW Seitz, DN Serfass, B Sundqvist, KM Thompson, JPF Wang, G Yellin, S Yoo, J Young, BA AF Akerib, DS Attisha, MJ Bailey, CN Baudis, L Bauer, DA Brink, PL Brusov, PP Bunker, R Cabrera, B Caldwell, DO Chang, CL Cooley, J Crisler, MB Cushman, P Daal, M Dixon, R Dragowsky, MR Driscoll, DD Duong, L Ferril, R Filippini, J Gaitskell, RJ Golwala, SR Grant, DR Hennings-Yeomans, R Holmgren, D Huber, ME Kamat, S Leclercq, S Lu, A Mahapatra, R Mandic, V Meunier, P Mirabolfathi, N Nelson, H Nelson, R Ogburn, RW Perera, TA Pyle, M Ramberg, E Rau, W Reisetter, A Ross, RR Sadoulet, B Sander, J Savage, C Schnee, RW Seitz, DN Serfass, B Sundqvist, KM Thompson, JPF Wang, G Yellin, S Yoo, J Young, BA CA CDMS Collaboration TI Limits on spin-independent interactions of weakly interacting massive particles with nucleons from the two-tower run of the cryogenic dark matter search SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS; PHONON PRODUCTION; DETECTOR; EVENTS; RECOIL AB We report new results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Two towers, each consisting of six detectors, were operated for 74.5 live days, giving spectrum-weighted exposures of 34 (12) kg d for the Ge (Si) targets after cuts, averaged over recoil energies 10-100 keV for a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) mass of 60 GeV/c(2). A blind analysis was conducted, incorporating improved techniques for rejecting surface events. No WIMP signal exceeding expected backgrounds was observed. When combined with our previous results from Soudan, the 90% C.L. upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section is 1.6x10(-43) cm(2) from Ge and 3x10(-42) cm(2) from Si, for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c(2). The combined limit from Ge (Si) is a factor of 2.5 (10) lower than our previous results and constrains predictions of supersymmetric models. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Santa Clara Univ, Dept Phys, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80217 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Akerib, DS (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011; Bailey, Catherine/C-6107-2009; Yoo, Jonghee/K-8394-2016; Pyle, Matt/E-7348-2015 OI Pyle, Matt/0000-0002-3490-6754 NR 25 TC 258 Z9 258 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 011302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.011302 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300011 PM 16486434 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Barate, R Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Pappagallo, M Pompili, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Best, D Breon, AB Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Day, CT Gill, MS Gritsan, AV Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadel, RW Kadyk, J Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Lynch, G Mir, LM Oddone, PJ Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Morgan, SE Watson, AT Fritsch, M Goetzen, K Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Chevalier, N Cottingham, WN Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, AE Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Minamora, JS Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Chai, X Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, JI Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Lodovico, FD Menges, W Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Edgar, CL Hodgkinson, MC Kelly, MP Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, SY Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V 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Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, MT Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, 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Kravchenko, EA Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Yushkov, AN Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Mommsen, RK Roethel, W Stoker, DP Buchanan, C Hartfiel, BL Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L del Re, D Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ MacFarlane, DB Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Mazur, MA Richman, JD Verkerke, W Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dvoretskii, A Hitlin, DG Minamora, JS Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Ryd, A Samuel, A Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Zeng, Q Altenburg, D Feltresi, E Hauke, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Brose, J Dickopp, M Klose, V Lacker, HM Nogowski, R Otto, S Petzold, A Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Grenier, P Schrenk, S Thiebaux, C Vasileiadis, G Verderi, M Bard, DJ Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Piemontese, L Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Capra, R Contri, R Vetere, ML Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Won, E Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Langenegger, U Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Gaillard, JR Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Chai, X Charles, MJ Mader, WF Mallik, U Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Yi, JI Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Giroux, X Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Diberder, FL Lepeltier, V Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Petersen, TC Plaszczynski, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Stocchi, A Wormser, G Cheng, CH Lange, DJ Simani, MC Wright, DM Bevan, AJ Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Parry, RJ Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Cormack, CM Lodovico, FD Menges, W Sacco, R Brown, CL Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Green, MG Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Ricciardi, S Salvatore, F Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Edgar, CL Hodgkinson, MC Kelly, MP Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Kovalskyi, D Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Kofler, R Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Willocq, SY Cowan, R Koeneke, K Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Reidy, J Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N Nardo, GD Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, M Bulten, H Raven, G Snoek, HL Wilden, L Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Allmendinger, T Benelli, G Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Pulliam, T Rahimi, AM Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Lu, M Potter, CT Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Galeazzi, F Margoni, M Morandin, M Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Buono, LD de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O John, MJJ Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Behera, PK Gladney, L Guo, QH Panetta, J Biasini, M Covarelli, R Pacetti, S Pioppi, M Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rama, M Rizzo, G Walsh, J Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Li Gioi, L Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T De Groot, N Franek, B Gopal, GP Olaiya, EO Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF Graziani, G de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M London, GW Mayer, B Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Purohit, MV Weidemann, AW Wilson, JR Yumiceva, FX Abe, T Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Berger, N Boyarski, AM Buchmueller, OL Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Cristinziani, M Dingfelder, JC Dong, D Dorfan, J Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Fan, S Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Hadig, T Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Kocian, ML Leith, DWGS Libby, J Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Roat, C Ahmed, M Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Kitayama, I Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Bona, M Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Grancagnolo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Martinez-Vidal, F Panvini, RS Banerjee, S Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Eichenbaum, AM Flood, KT Graham, MT Hollar, JJ Johnson, JR Kutter, PE Li, H Liu, R Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Mohapatra, AK Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Tan, P Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H CA BABAR Collaboration TI Measurement of branching fractions and resonance contributions for B-0 ->(D)over-bar(0)K(+)pi(-) and search for B-0 ->(DK+)-K-0 pi(-) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION; GAMMA AB Using 226x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar events collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e(+)e(-) storage ring at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, we measure the branching fraction for B-0 ->(D) over bar K-0(+)pi(-), excluding B-0 -> D*-K+, to be B(B-0 -><<(D)over bar>K-0(+)pi(-))=(88 +/- 15 +/- 9)x10(-6). We observe B-0 ->(D) over bar K-0(*)(892)(0) and B-0 -> D-2(*)(2460)K--(+) contributions. The ratio of branching fractions B(B-0 -> D*-K+)/B(B-0 -> D*-pi(+))=(7.76 +/- 0.34 +/- 0.29)% is measured separately. The branching fraction for the suppressed mode B-0 ->(DK+)-K-0 pi(-) is B(B-0 ->(DK+)-K-0 pi(-))< 19x10(-6) at the 90% confidence level. C1 Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Phys Expt, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge YB8 3PH, Middx, England. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Ecole Polytech, LLR, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Accelerateur Lineaire Lab, F-91898 Orsay, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 72E, Merseyside, England. Univ London, Queen Mary, London E1 4NS, England. Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche, I-80126 Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. NIKHEF, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Pisa, Scuola Normale Super, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. CEA Saclay, DSM, Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, IFIC, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; Kravchenko, Evgeniy/F-5457-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Grancagnolo, Sergio/J-3957-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016 OI Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Grancagnolo, Sergio/0000-0001-8490-8304; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 011803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.011803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300016 PM 16486439 ER PT J AU Fang, AC Capriotti, L Scalapino, DJ Kivelson, SA Kaneko, N Greven, M Kapitulnik, A AF Fang, AC Capriotti, L Scalapino, DJ Kivelson, SA Kaneko, N Greven, M Kapitulnik, A TI Gap-inhomogeneity-induced electronic states in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERFLUID DENSITY; SPECTRUM; STM AB In this Letter, we analyze, using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, the density of electronic states in nearly optimally doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in zero magnetic field. Focusing on the superconducting gap, we find patches of what appear to be two different phases in a background of some average gap, one with a relatively small gap and sharp large coherence peaks and one characterized by a large gap with broad weak coherence peaks. We compare these spectra with calculations of the local density of states for a simple phenomenological model in which a 2 xi(0)x2 xi(0) patch with an enhanced or suppressed d-wave gap amplitude is embedded in a region with a uniform average d-wave gap. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Credit Suisse First Boston Ltd Europe, London E14 4QJ, England. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Fang, AC (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba Cent 2-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. NR 23 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 017007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017007 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300081 PM 16486504 ER PT J AU Freelon, B Augustsson, A Guo, J-H Medaglia, PG Tebano, A Balestrino, G AF Freelon, B Augustsson, A Guo, J-H Medaglia, PG Tebano, A Balestrino, G TI Electron correlation and charge transfer in [(Ba0.9Nd0.1)CuO2+delta](2)/[CaCuO2](2) superconducting superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RAY-FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY; TUNABLE-EXCITATION; EMISSION; OXYGEN; PHOTOEMISSION; LA2-XSRXCUO4; ABSORPTION; STATES AB We use x-ray spectroscopy to examine the electronic structure of high-temperature superconducting superlattices [(Ba0.9Nd0.10)CuO2+delta](2)/[CaCuO2](2). The O 2p density of states reveals the insulating character of the individual component layers and the metallic character of the superlattices. We report the first direct observation of Zhang-Rice singlets in artificial high-temperature superconducting heteroepitaxial structures. The experimental findings in the superlattices and its component layers offer evidence of charge transport from the so-called charge reservoir layer to the superconducting infinite layer. This suggests a strong link between superconductivity and both electron correlation and charge transfer within the superlattices. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Ingn Meccan, I-00133 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma Tor Vergata, INFM, COHERENTIA, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RP Freelon, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bkfreelon@lbl.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 017003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300077 PM 16486500 ER PT J AU Grafe, HJ Curro, NJ Hucker, M Buchner, B AF Grafe, HJ Curro, NJ Hucker, M Buchner, B TI Nuclear-magnetic-resonance evidence for charge inhomogeneity in stripe ordered La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN DYNAMICS; CU NQR; PHASE; LA2-XSRXCUO4; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTORS; OXIDES; MODEL AB We report O-17 nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) results in the stripe ordered La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4 system. Below a temperature T(q)similar to 80 K, the local electric field gradient and the absolute intensity of the NMR signal of the planar O site exhibit a dramatic decrease. We interpret these results as microscopic evidence for a spatially inhomogeneous charge distribution, where the NMR signal from O sites in the domain walls of the spin density modulation are wiped out due to large hyperfine fields, and the remaining signal arises from the intervening Mott insulating regions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Leibniz Inst Festkorper & Werkstoffforsch Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Grafe, HJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680; Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 017002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300076 PM 16486499 ER PT J AU Habib, S Jacobs, K Shizume, K AF Habib, S Jacobs, K Shizume, K TI Emergence of chaos in quantum systems far from the classical limit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STATE DIFFUSION; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; DYNAMICS AB The dynamical status of isolated quantum systems is unclear as conventional measures fail to detect chaos in such systems. However, when quantum systems are subjected to observation-as all experimental systems must be-their dynamics is no longer linear and, in the appropriate limit(s), the evolution of expectation values, conditioned on the observations, closely approaches the behavior of classical trajectories. Here we show, by analyzing a specific example, that microscopic continuously observed quantum systems, even far from any classical limit, can have a positive Lyapunov exponent, and thus be truly chaotic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Griffith Univ, Sch Sci, Ctr Quantum Dynam, Ctr Quantum Comp Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Lib & Informat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058550, Japan. RP Habib, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663,MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011 OI Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421 NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 010403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.010403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300003 PM 16486426 ER PT J AU Huber, R Schmid, BA Shen, YR Chemla, DS Kaindl, RA AF Huber, R Schmid, BA Shen, YR Chemla, DS Kaindl, RA TI Stimulated terahertz emission from intraexcitonic transitions in Cu2O SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; EXCITONS; ABSORPTION; GAS AB We report the first observation of stimulated emission of terahertz radiation from internal transitions of excitons. The far-infrared electromagnetic response of Cu2O is monitored via broadband terahertz pulses after ultrafast resonant excitation of three-dimensional 3p excitons. Stimulated emission from the 3p to the energetically lower 2s bound level occurs at a photon energy of 6.6 meV, with a cross section of similar to 10(-14) cm(2). Simultaneous excitation of both exciton levels, in turn, drives quantum beats, which lead to efficient terahertz emission sharply peaked at the difference frequency. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huber, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rhuber@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 017402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300090 PM 16486513 ER PT J AU Kim, YH Zhao, YF Williamson, A Heben, MJ Zhang, SB AF Kim, YH Zhao, YF Williamson, A Heben, MJ Zhang, SB TI Nondissociative adsorption of H-2 molecules in light-element-doped fullerenes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; HYDROGEN STORAGE; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; METAL; HETEROFULLERENES; ATOMS; C-36 AB First-principles density functional and quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light-element doped fullerenes reveal significantly enhanced molecular H-2 binding for substitutional B and Be. A nonclassical three-center binding mechanism between the dopant and H-2 is identified, which is maximized when the empty p(z) orbital of the dopant is highly localized. The calculated binding energies of 0.2-0.6 eV/H-2 is suited for reversible hydrogen storage at near standard conditions. The calculated H-2 sorption process is barrierless, which could also significantly simplify the kinetics for the storage. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kim, YH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Kim, Yong-Hyun/C-2045-2011; Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Kim, Yong-Hyun/0000-0003-4255-2068; Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 30 TC 218 Z9 224 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 016102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.016102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300056 PM 16486479 ER PT J AU Koralek, JD Douglas, JF Plumb, NC Sun, Z Fedorov, AV Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Cundiff, ST Aiura, Y Oka, K Eisaki, H Dessau, DS AF Koralek, JD Douglas, JF Plumb, NC Sun, Z Fedorov, AV Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Cundiff, ST Aiura, Y Oka, K Eisaki, H Dessau, DS TI Laser based angle-resolved photoemission, the sudden approximation, and quasiparticle-like spectral peaks in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; STATE AB A new low photon energy regime of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is accessed with lasers and used to study the high T-c superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. The low energy increases bulk sensitivity, reduces background, and improves resolution. With this we observe spectral peaks which are sharp on the scale of their binding energy-the clearest evidence yet for quasiparticles in the normal state. Crucial aspects of the data such as the dispersion, superconducting gaps, and the bosonic coupling kink are found to be robust to a possible breakdown of the sudden approximation. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Koralek, JD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Koralek@colorado.edu; Dessau@colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Plumb, Nicholas/B-8059-2013; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Plumb, Nicholas/0000-0002-2334-8494; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 15 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 017005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300079 PM 16486502 ER PT J AU Landsman, AS Cohen, SA Glasser, AH AF Landsman, AS Cohen, SA Glasser, AH TI Onset and saturation of ion heating by odd-parity rotating magnetic fields in a field-reversed configuration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ORBITS; PARTICLES; ROTAMAK; WAVE AB Heating of figure-8 orbit ions by odd-parity rotating magnetic fields (RMFo) applied to an elongated field-reversed configuration (FRC) is investigated. The largest energy gain occurs at resonances (s equivalent to omega(R)/omega) of the RMFo frequency, omega(R), with the figure-8 orbital frequency, omega, and is proportional to s(2) for s-even resonances and to s for s-odd resonances. The threshold for the transition from regular to stochastic orbits explains both the onset and saturation of heating. The FRC magnetic geometry lowers the threshold for heating below that in the tokamak by an order of magnitude. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Landsman, AS (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM alandsma@cantor.nrl.navy.mil RI Landsman, Alexandra/I-6399-2013 OI Landsman, Alexandra/0000-0002-8194-8439 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 015002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.015002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300044 PM 16486467 ER PT J AU Leaf, G Kaper, H Yan, M Novosad, V Vavassori, P Camley, RE Grimsditch, M AF Leaf, G Kaper, H Yan, M Novosad, V Vavassori, P Camley, RE Grimsditch, M TI Dynamic origin of stripe domains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN FILMS; TRANSITION; PATTERNS AB We investigate stripe domain formation in nanometer sized Co bars. The magnetic equilibrium states and the magnetic spin wave frequencies are obtained from micromagnetic-like simulations. We find that the lowest frequency standing-wave mode has the same spatial structure as the stripe domains at remanence and it goes soft at the field where the stripe domains emerge. We show, therefore, that the final domain structure at remanence, which is not the configuration with lowest energy, is predicted from a high-field analysis of the frequencies of the standing spin waves. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. INFM, CTR S3, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Leaf, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Vavassori, Paolo/B-4299-2014 OI Vavassori, Paolo/0000-0002-4735-6640 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 017201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300084 PM 16486507 ER PT J AU Pascalutsa, V Carlson, CE Vanderhaeghen, M AF Pascalutsa, V Carlson, CE Vanderhaeghen, M TI Two-photon-exchange effects in the electroexcitation of the Delta resonance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORM-FACTORS; QUARK-MODEL; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTION; DELTA(1232); TRANSITION; NUCLEON AB We examine the two-photon exchange contribution to the eN -> e Delta(1232)-> e pi N process with the aim of a precision study of the ratios of electric quadrupole (E2) and Coulomb quadrupole (C2) to the magnetic dipole (M1) gamma(*)N Delta transitions. We relate the two-photon exchange amplitude to the N ->Delta generalized parton distributions and obtain a quantitative estimate of the two-photon effects. The two-photon exchange corrections to the C2/M1 ratio depend strongly on whether this quantity is obtained from an interference cross section or from the Rosenbluth-type cross sections, in similarity with the elastic, eN -> eN, process. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Pascalutsa, V (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM vlad@jlab.org; carlson@physics.wm.edu; marcvdh@jlab.org NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 012301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.012301 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300020 PM 16486443 ER PT J AU Reed, EJ Soljacic, M Gee, R Joannopoulos, JD AF Reed, EJ Soljacic, M Gee, R Joannopoulos, JD TI Coherent optical photons from shock waves in crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB We predict that coherent electromagnetic radiation in the 1-100 THz frequency range can be generated in crystalline materials when subject to a shock wave or solitonlike propagating excitation. To our knowledge, this phenomenon represents a fundamentally new form of coherent optical radiation source that is distinct from lasers and free-electron lasers. The radiation is generated by the synchronized motion of large numbers of atoms when a shock wave propagates through a crystal. General analytical theory and NaCl molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate coherence lengths on the order of mm (around 20 THz) and potentially greater. The emission frequencies are determined by the shock speed and the lattice constants of the crystal and can potentially be used to determine atomic-scale properties of the shocked material. C1 MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM reed23@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 013904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.013904 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300033 PM 16486456 ER PT J AU van Tilborg, J Schroeder, CB Filip, CV Toth, C Geddes, CGR Fubiani, G Huber, R Kaindl, RA Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF van Tilborg, J Schroeder, CB Filip, CV Toth, C Geddes, CGR Fubiani, G Huber, R Kaindl, RA Esarey, E Leemans, WP TI Temporal characterization of femtosecond laser-plasma-accelerated electron bunches using terahertz radiation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; WAVE BREAKING; BEAMS; GENERATION; PULSES; ZNTE AB The temporal profile of relativistic laser-plasma-accelerated electron bunches has been characterized. Coherent transition radiation at THz frequencies, emitted at the plasma-vacuum boundary, was measured through electro-optic sampling. Frequencies up to the crystal detection limit of 4 THz were observed. Comparison between data and theory indicates that THz radiation from bunches with structure shorter than similar or equal to 50 fs (root-mean-square) is emitted. The measurement demonstrates both shot-to-shot stability of the laser-plasma accelerator and femtosecond synchronization between bunch and probe beam. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP van Tilborg, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 38 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 014801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.014801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300040 PM 16486463 ER PT J AU Zaric, S Ostojic, GN Shaver, J Kono, J Portugall, O Frings, PH Rikken, GLJA Furis, M Crooker, SA Wei, X Moore, VC Hauge, RH Smalley, RE AF Zaric, S Ostojic, GN Shaver, J Kono, J Portugall, O Frings, PH Rikken, GLJA Furis, M Crooker, SA Wei, X Moore, VC Hauge, RH Smalley, RE TI Excitons in carbon nanotubes with broken time-reversal symmetry SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNET AB Near-infrared magneto-optical spectroscopy of single-walled carbon nanotubes reveals two absorption peaks with an equal strength at high magnetic fields (> 55 T). We show that the peak separation is determined by the Aharonov-Bohm phase due to the tube-threading magnetic flux, which breaks the time-reversal symmetry and lifts the valley degeneracy. This field-induced symmetry breaking thus overcomes the Coulomb-induced intervalley mixing which is predicted to make the lowest exciton state optically inactive (or dark). C1 Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Lab Natl Champs Magnet Pulses, F-31432 Toulouse 04, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Kono, J (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kono@rice.edu RI Hauge, Robert/A-7008-2011; Furis, Madalina/F-8090-2015; OI Hauge, Robert/0000-0002-3656-0152; Furis, Madalina/0000-0001-9007-5492; Shaver, Jonah/0000-0002-9602-7798 NR 27 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 016406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.016406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300068 PM 16486491 ER PT J AU Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Coffey, L Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C AF Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Coffey, L Gray, KE Hinks, DG Kendziora, C TI Persistence of strong electron coupling to a narrow boson spectrum in overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta tunneling data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSENCE; MODE AB A d-wave, Eliashberg analysis of break-junction and STM tunneling spectra on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212) reveals that the spectral dip feature is directly linked to strong electronic coupling to a narrow boson spectrum, evidenced by a large peak in alpha F-2(omega). The tunneling dip feature remains robust in the overdoped regime of Bi2212 with bulk T-c values of 56 K-62 K. This is contrary to recent optical conductivity measurements of the self-energy that suggest the narrow boson spectrum disappears in overdoped Bi2212 and therefore cannot be essential for the pairing mechanism. The discrepancy is resolved by considering the way each technique probes the electron self-energy, in particular, the unique sensitivity of tunneling to the off-diagonal or pairing part of the self-energy. C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Zasadzinski, JF (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 017004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.017004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300078 PM 16486501 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Levy, PM Zhang, S Antropov, V AF Zhang, J Levy, PM Zhang, S Antropov, V TI Comment on "Identification of transverse spin currents in noncollinear magnetic structures" - Zhang et al. reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Ames Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Zhang, Shufeng/G-7833-2011 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 96 IS 1 AR 019708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.019708 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 002JS UT WOS:000234608300118 ER PT J AU MacRae, IJ Zhou, KH Li, F Repic, A Brooks, AN Cande, WZ Adams, PD Doudna, JA AF MacRae, IJ Zhou, KH Li, F Repic, A Brooks, AN Cande, WZ Adams, PD Doudna, JA TI Structural basis for double-stranded RNA processing by dicer SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COLI RIBONUCLEASE-III; PAZ DOMAIN; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; INTERFERENCE; INITIATION; BINDING; MECHANISM; TETRAHYMENA AB The specialized ribonuclease Dicer initiates RNA interference by cleaving double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates into small fragments about 25 nucleotides in length. In the crystal structure of an intact Dicer enzyme, the PAZ domain, a module that binds the end of dsRNA, is separated from the two catalytic ribonuclease III (RNase III) domains by a flat, positively charged surface. The 65 angstrom distance between the PAZ and RNase III domains matches the length spanned by 25 base pairs of RNA. Thus, Dicer itself is a molecular ruler that recognizes dsRNA and cleaves a specified distance from the helical end. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM doudna@berkeley.edu RI Brooks, Angela/B-6173-2011; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 NR 38 TC 466 Z9 495 U1 11 U2 86 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5758 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1126/science.1121638 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003ZQ UT WOS:000234722200032 PM 16410517 ER PT J AU Gessner, O Lee, AMD Shaffer, JP Reisler, H Levchenko, SV Krylov, AI Underwood, JG Shi, H East, ALL Wardlaw, DM Chrysostom, ET Hayden, CC Stolow, A AF Gessner, O Lee, AMD Shaffer, JP Reisler, H Levchenko, SV Krylov, AI Underwood, JG Shi, H East, ALL Wardlaw, DM Chrysostom, ET Hayden, CC Stolow, A TI Femtosecond multidimensional imaging of a molecular dissociation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; NITRIC-OXIDE DIMER; NO DIMER; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODISSOCIATION; ELECTRONIC STATES; 193 NM; TIME; DYNAMICS; PHOTOION AB The coupled electronic and vibrational motions governing chemical processes are best viewed from the molecule's point of view-the molecular frame. Measurements made in the laboratory frame often conceal information because of the random orientations the molecule can take. We used a combination of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, multidimensional coincidence imaging spectroscopy, and ab initio computation to trace a complete reactant-to-product pathway-the photodissociation of the nitric oxide dimer-from the molecule's point of view, on the femtosecond time scale. This method revealed an elusive photochemical process involving intermediate electronic configurations. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Univ Regina, Dept Chem, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stolow, A (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM albert.stolow@nrc.ca NR 33 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 4 U2 58 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 13 PY 2006 VL 311 IS 5758 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1126/science.1120779 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003ZQ UT WOS:000234722200039 PM 16357226 ER PT J AU Gidh, AV Decker, SR See, CH Himmel, ME Williford, CW AF Gidh, AV Decker, SR See, CH Himmel, ME Williford, CW TI Characterization of lignin using multi-angle laser light scattering and atomic force microscopy SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE lignin; characterization; aggregation; molecular conformation; multi-angle laser light scattering; atomic force microscopy; depolymerization ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; BASIDIOMYCETE PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MODEL COMPOUNDS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; DEGRADATION; POLYMERIZATION; TERMITES; CLONING; GELS AB Small differences in the isolation techniques of lignin can result in significant changes in its molecular structure and configuration. Light scattering (evaluated at 18 different angles in a plane), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) proved very effective for evaluating the characteristics of lignin. Zimm plots were generated using Zimm, Debye and Berry formalisms to evaluate the weight average molecular weight (MW), radius of gyration (r(g)), hydrodynamic radius (r(h)) and second virial coefficient (A(2)). Two types of lignin and nine different solvents were used for the study, to analyze the conformation of lignin molecules in different solvents expected to be used in lignin degradation and subsequent analysis. Absolute MW and r(g) decreased and the dn/dc increased when the solvent used for lignin was changed from water to sodium hydroxide. The two types of lignin also exhibited different values for all the above estimated parameters. This study also highlighted the differences between the unlyophilized and lyophilized lignin in terms of aggregation, pH dependence and stability over time. This aggregation has never been seen on a ultraviolet (UV) or refractive index (RI) detector that has been used so far for liquid chromatography (LC) reducing the reliability of lignin depolymerization data. obtained without light scattering. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM agidh@olemiss.edu; steve_decker@nrel.gov; chsee@olemiss.edu; mike_himmel@nrel.gov; drwill@olemiss.edu NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 555 IS 2 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.023 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 002BE UT WOS:000234585600010 ER PT J AU Wild, M Long, CN Ohmura, A AF Wild, M Long, CN Ohmura, A TI Evaluation of clear-sky solar fluxes in GCMs participating in AMIP and IPCC-AR4 from a surface perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE EXPERIMENTS; RADIATIVE FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; ENERGY FLUXES; COUPLED MODEL; OCEAN; ABSORPTION; SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTIES AB [1] Solar fluxes at the Earth's surface calculated in General Circulation Models (GCMs) contain large uncertainties, not only in the presence of clouds but, as shown here, even under clear-sky (i.e., cloud-free) conditions. Adequate observations to constrain the uncertainties in these clear-sky fluxes have long been missing. The present study provides newly derived observational clear-sky climatologies at worldwide distributed anchor sites with high-accuracy measurements from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM). These data are used to systematically assess the performance of a total of 36 GCMs with respect to their surface solar clear-sky fluxes. These models represent almost 2 decades of model development, from the atmospheric model intercomparison projects AMIP I and AMIP II to the state of the art models participating in the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR4). Results show that earlier model versions tend to largely overestimate the surface insolation under cloud-free conditions. This identifies an overly transparent cloud-free atmosphere as a key error source for the excessive surface insolation in GCMs noted in previous studies. Possible origins are an underestimated water vapor absorption and a lack of adequate aerosol forcing. Similar biases remain in a number of current models with comparatively low atmospheric clear-sky solar absorption (around 60 Wm(-2) in the global mean). However, there are now several models participating in IPCC-AR4 with higher atmospheric clear-sky absorption (70 Wm(-2) and up, globally averaged) and more realistic aerosol treatment, which are in excellent agreement with the newly derived observational clear-sky climatologies. This underlines the progress made in radiative transfer modeling as well as in the observation and diagnosis of solar radiation under cloudless atmospheres and puts the most likely value of solar radiation absorbed in the cloud-free atmosphere slightly above 70 Wm(-2). C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wild, M (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM martin.wild@env.ethz.ch RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012 NR 63 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D1 AR D01104 DI 10.1029/2005JD006118 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 007UM UT WOS:000234995600001 ER PT J AU Khalil, M Marcus, MA Smeigh, AL McCusker, JK Chong, HHW Schoenlein, RW AF Khalil, M Marcus, MA Smeigh, AL McCusker, JK Chong, HHW Schoenlein, RW TI Picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a photoinduced iron(II) spin crossover reaction in solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; COMPLEX-COMPOUNDS; FE(II) COMPLEXES; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION AB In this study, we perform steady-state and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on the iron K-edge of [Fe(tren(py)(3))](PF6)(2) dissolved in acetonitrile solution. Static XAS measurements on the low-spin parent compound and its high-spin analogue, [Fe(tren(6-Me-py)(3))](PF6)(2), reveal distinct spectroscopic signatures for the two spin states in the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and in the X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). For the time-resolved studies, 100 fs, 400 nm pump pulses initiate a charge-transfer transition in the low-spin complex. The subsequent electronic and geometric changes associated with the formation of the high-spin excited state are probed with 70 ps, 7.1 keV, tunable X-ray pulses derived from the Advanced Light Source (ALS). Modeling of the transient XAS data reveals that the average iron-nitrogen (Fe-N) bond is lengthened by 0.21 +/- 0.03 angstrom in the high-spin excited state relative to the ground state within 70 ps. This structural modification causes a change in the metal-ligand interactions as reflected by the altered density of states of the unoccupied metal orbitals. Our results constitute the first direct measurements of the dynamic atomic and electronic structural rearrangements occurring during a photoinduced Fell spin crossover reaction in solution via picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Khalil, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM munira@berkeley.edu RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014; Smeigh, Amanda/C-5605-2014 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566; Smeigh, Amanda/0000-0002-8071-071X NR 53 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1021/jp055002q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 001FZ UT WOS:000234520300007 PM 16392837 ER PT J AU Huang, X Zhai, HJ Li, J Wang, LS AF Huang, X Zhai, HJ Li, J Wang, LS TI On the structure and chemical bonding of tri-tungsten oxide clusters W3On- and W3On (n=7-10): W3O8 as a potential molecular model for O-deficient defect sites in tungsten oxides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYSTS; OXIDATION; METHANOL AB Electronic and structural properties of a series of tri-tungsten oxide clusters, W3On- and W3On (n = 7-10), are investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both W 5d and O 2p detachment features are observed for n = 7-9, whereas only detachment features from O 2p-type orbitals are observed for W3O10- at high electron binding energies (> 7 eV). A large energy gap (similar to 3.4 eV) is observed for the stoichiometric W3O9 cluster, which already reaches the bulk value, suggesting that W3O9 can be viewed as the smallest molecular model for bulk WO3. DFT calculations are carried out to locate the most stable structures for both the anion and neutral clusters; time-dependent DFT method is used to predict the vertical detachment energies and to compare with the experimental data. It is shown that W3O9 possesses a D-3h structure, in which each W atom is tetrahedrally coordinated with two bridging O atoms and two terminal O atoms. W3O8 and W3O7 can be viewed as removing one and two terminal O atoms from W3O9, respectively, whereas W3O10 can be viewed as replacing a terminal O in W3O9 by a peroxo O-2 unit. We show that W3O8 contains a localized W4+ site, which can readily react with O-2 to form the W3O10 clusters with a calculated O-2 adsorption energy of -78 kcal/mol. It is suggested that the W3O8 cluster can be viewed as a molecular model for O-deficient site in tungsten oxides. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Chem Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 NR 55 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1021/jp055325m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 001FZ UT WOS:000234520300013 PM 16392843 ER PT J AU Dixon, DA Francisco, JS Alexeev, Y AF Dixon, DA Francisco, JS Alexeev, Y TI Thermochemical properties of HxNO molecules and ions from ab initio electronic structure theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; DIATOMIC DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; HYDRATION FREE-ENERGY; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; CORRELATED CALCULATIONS; ATOMIZATION ENERGIES; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS AB Coupled-cluster calculations through noniterative triple excitations were used to compute optimized structures, atomization energies at 0 K, and heats of formation at 0 and 298 K for NH2O, HNOH, NH2O-, NH2OH+, NH3OH+, HNO-, and HON. These molecules are important in the gas-phase oxidation of NH3, as well as its solution-phase chemistry. The O-H, N-H, and N-O bond energies of these molecules are given and compared. The N-H and O-H bond energies are quite low, and, for NH2OH, the O-H bond is weaker than the N-H bond (by 7.5 kcal/mol). The energetics for a variety of ionic chemical processes in the gas phase, including the electron affinities of NH2O and HNO, the proton affinities of NH2O and NH2OH, and the acidities of NH2OH and NH2O, are given. The compounds are weak bases and weak acids in the gas phase. Solvation effects were included at the PCM and COSMO levels. The COSMO model gave better values than the PCM model. The relative values for pK(a) for NH2O and NH2OH are in good agreement with the experimental values, showing both compounds to be very strong bases in aqueous solution with NH2OH being the stronger base by 1.8 pK units at the COSMO level, compared to the experimental pK difference of 1.1 +/- 0.3 pK units. We predict that NH2OH+ will not be formed in aqueous solution, because it is a very strong acid. Based on the known acidity of NH3OH+, we predict pKa(NH2OH+) = -5.4 at the COSMO level, which is in good agreement with the experimental estimate of pKa(NH2OH+) = -7 +/- 2. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, HC Brown Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Sci Comp Facil, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dixon, DA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Shelby Hall,Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM dadixon@bama.ua.edu NR 80 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1021/jp054642q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 001FZ UT WOS:000234520300024 PM 16392854 ER PT J AU Criscenti, LJ Kubicki, JD Brantley, SL AF Criscenti, LJ Kubicki, JD Brantley, SL TI Silicate glass and mineral dissolution: Calculated reaction paths and activation energies for hydrolysis of a Q(3) si by H3O+ using ab initio methods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; VALENCE BASIS-SETS; QUARTZ DISSOLUTION; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; FELDSPAR DISSOLUTION; ORTHOSILICATE MINERALS; AMORPHOUS SILICA; HYDROXYL-GROUPS; ACID PH AB Molecular orbital energy minimizations were performed with the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method on a [((OH)(3)SiO)(3)SiOH-(H3O+)center dot 4(H2O)] cluster to follow the reaction path for hydrolysis of an Si-O-Si linkage via proton catalysis in a partially solvated system. The Q(3) molecule was chosen (rather than Q(2) or Q(1)) to estimate the maximum activation energy for a fully relaxed cluster representing the surface of an Al-depleted acid-etched alkali feldspar. Water molecules were included in the cluster to investigate the influence of explicit solvation on proton-transfer reactions and on the energy associated with hydroxylating the bridging oxygen atom (O-br). Single-point energy calculations were performed with the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) method. Proton transfer from the hydronium cation to an Obr requires sufficient energy to suggest that the Si-(OH)-Si species will occur only in trace quantities on a silica surface. Protonation of the Obr lengthens the Si-O-br bond and allows for the formation of a pentacoordinate Si intermediate (Si-[5]). The energy required to form this species is the dominant component of the activation energy barrier to hydrolysis. After formation of the pentacoordinate intermediate, hydrolysis occurs via breaking the Si-[5]-(OH)-Si linkage with a minimal activation energy barrier. A concerted mechanism involving stretching of the Si-[5]-(OH) bond, proton transfer from the Si-(OH2)(+) back to form H3O+, and a reversion of Si-[5] to tetrahedral coordination was predicted. The activation energy for Q(3)Si hydrolysis calculated here was found to be less than that reported for Q(3)Si using a constrained cluster in the literature but significantly greater than the measured activation energies for the hydrolysis of Si-O-br bonds in silicate minerals. These results suggest that the rate-limiting step in silicate dissolution is not the hydrolysis of Q(3)Si-O-br bonds but rather the breakage of Q(2) or Q(1)Si-O-br bonds. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Criscenti, LJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ljcrisc@sandia.gov RI Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 94 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1021/jp044360a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 001FZ UT WOS:000234520300026 PM 16392856 ER PT J AU Kauffman, JF Turner, JM Alabugin, IV Breiner, B Kovalenko, SV Badaeva, EA Masunov, A Tretiak, S AF Kauffman, JF Turner, JM Alabugin, IV Breiner, B Kovalenko, SV Badaeva, EA Masunov, A Tretiak, S TI Two-photon excitation of substituted enediynes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DOUBLE-STRAND CLEAVAGE; ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTIC DYNEMICIN; THERMAL BERGMAN CYCLIZATION; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; AROMATIC NITRO-COMPOUNDS; SILYL ENOL ETHERS; DNA-CLEAVAGE; PHOTOCHEMICAL CYCLOAROMATIZATION; SYNTHETIC EQUIVALENTS AB Electronic spectroscopy of nine benzannelated enediynes and a related fulvene was studied under one-photon and two-photon excitation conditions. We utilize measured absorbance and emission spectra and time-resolved fluorescence decays of these molecules to calculate their radiative lifetimes and fluorescence quantum yields. The fluorescence quantum yields for the other compounds were referenced to the fluorescence quantum yield of compound 3 and used to determine relative two-photon absorption cross-sections. Further insight into experimental studies has been achieved using time-dependent density functional (TD-DFT) computations. The probability of two-photon absorption (TPA) increases noticeably for excitation to the higher excited states. The photophysical properties of benzannelated enediynes are sensitive to substitutions at both the core and the periphery of the enediyne chromophore. Considerably enhanced two-photon absorption is observed in an enediyne with donor substitution in the middle and acceptor substitution at the termini. Excited states with B symmetry are not active in TPA spectra. From a practical point of view, this study extends the range of wavelengths applicable for activation of the enediyne moiety from 350 to 600 nm and provides a rational basis for future studies in this field. Our theoretical computations confirmed that lowest energy TPA in benzannelated enediynes involves different orbitals than lowest energy one-photon absorbance and provided further support to the notion that introduction of donor and acceptor substituents at different ends of a molecule increases TPA. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Inst Chem Dependency, Nanosci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kauffman, JF (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Off Pharmaceut Sci, Div Pharmaceut Anal, 1114 Market St, St Louis, MO 63101 USA. EM kauffmanj@cder.fda.gov; alabugin@chem.fsu.edu RI Masunov, Artem/A-1745-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; Alabugin, Igor/C-3659-2015 OI Masunov, Artem/0000-0003-4924-3380; Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; Alabugin, Igor/0000-0001-9289-3819 NR 95 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1021/jp056127y PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 001FZ UT WOS:000234520300031 PM 16392861 ER PT J AU Skulan, AJ Nielsen, IMB Melius, CF Allendorf, MD AF Skulan, AJ Nielsen, IMB Melius, CF Allendorf, MD TI BAC-MP4 predictions of thermochemistry for gas-phase indium compounds in the In-H-C-O-Cl system SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGY; BASIS-SET CONVERGENCE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; HARTREE-FOCK; SOLAR-CELLS; OXIDE-FILMS; TIN; TRIMETHYLINDIUM AB The BAC-MP4 methodology has been used to calculate the heats of formation and associated thermodynamic parameters for a family of 51 different one-, two-, and three-coordinate indium compounds. The ligands explored were H, CH3, C2H5, OH, OCH3, and Cl. The BAC-MP4 methodology was calibrated by both experimental data and high-level coupled-cluster calculations. The results agree well with the small amount of published experimental data on InHn and InCln species. A linear variation in compound heats of formation with ligand substitution is identified. For example, the heat of formation gradient, Delta(Delta H-f(degrees))/Delta n, in the series InHn-3Cln (n = 0-3), is -89.6 kcal/mol, with R = 1.000. Additionally, trends in bond strengths, bond angles, and bond dissociation energies (BDEs) depending on ligand identity are identified. The BDEs decrease monotonically with increasing atomic number in group III and show similar variations among ligand systems for different metals. These observations and results can be combined with the data from previous studies to guide the selection of CVD precursors and experimental parameters for thin-film deposition of indium-containing materials for semiconductor and optical thin-film applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mdallen@sandia.gov NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1021/jp058195q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 001FZ UT WOS:000234520300036 PM 16392866 ER PT J AU Wang, XQ Rodriguez, JA Hanson, JC Gamarra, D Martinez-Arias, A Fernandez-Garcia, M AF Wang, XQ Rodriguez, JA Hanson, JC Gamarra, D Martinez-Arias, A Fernandez-Garcia, M TI In situ studies of the active sites for the water gas shift reaction over Cu-CeO2 catalysts: Complex interaction between metallic copper and oxygen vacancies of ceria SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE COMPOSITE CATALYSTS; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CUO-CEO2 CATALYSTS; REDOX PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; CE1-XZRXO2 NANOPARTICLES AB New information about the active sites for the water gas shift (WGS) reaction over Cu-CeO2 systems was obtained using in-situ, time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS, Cu K and Cc L-3 edges), and infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Cu-CeO2 nanoparticles prepared by a novel reversed microemulsion method (doped Ce1-xCuxO2 sample) and an impregnation method (impregnated CuOx/ CeO2 sample) were studied. The results from all of the samples indicate that both metallic copper and oxygen vacancies in ceria were involved in the generation of active sites for the WGS reaction. Evidence was found for a synergistic Cu-O-vacancy interaction. This interaction enhances the chemical activity of Cu, and the presence of Cu facilitates the formation of O vacancies in ceria under reaction conditions. Water dissociation occurred on the O-vacancy sites or the CU-O-vacancy interface. No significant amounts of formate were formed on the catalysts during the WGS reaction. The presence of strongly bound carbonates is an important factor for the deactivation of the catalysts at high temperatures. This work identifies for the first time the active sites for the WGS reaction on Cu-CeO2 catalysts and illustrates the importance of in situ structural studies for heterogeneous catalytic reactions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CSIC, Inst Catalisis & Petroleoquim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Fernandez-Garcia, Marcos/A-8122-2014 NR 71 TC 227 Z9 228 U1 25 U2 229 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1021/jp055467g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 001GD UT WOS:000234520700069 PM 16471552 ER PT J AU Adams, KL Tsoi, S Yan, JS Durbin, SM Ramdas, AK Cramer, WA Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Schulz, C AF Adams, KL Tsoi, S Yan, JS Durbin, SM Ramdas, AK Cramer, WA Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Schulz, C TI Fe vibrational Spectroscopy of myoglobin and cytochrome f SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; DENSITY-OF-STATES; IRON NORMAL-MODES; OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS; B(6)F COMPLEX; STRUCTURAL FLUCTUATIONS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HEME-PROTEINS; COMPLETE SET AB The Fe vibrational density of states (VDOS) has been determined for the heme proteins deoxymyoglobin, metmyoglobin, and cytochrome f in the oxidized and reduced states, using nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS). For cytochrome f in particular, the NRVS spectrum is compared with multiwavelength resonance Raman spectra to identify those Raman modes with significant Fe displacement. Modes not seen by Raman due to optical selection rules appear in the NRVS spectrum. The mean Fe force constant extracted from the VDOS illustrates how Fe dynamics varies among these four monoheme proteins, and is correlated with oxidation and spin state trends seen in model heme compounds. The protein's contribution to Fe motion is dominant at low frequencies, where coupling to the backbone tightly constrains Fe displacements in cytochrome f, in contrast to enhanced heme flexibility in myoglobin. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Knox Coll, Dept Phys, Galesburg, IL 61401 USA. RP Durbin, SM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM durbin@physics.purdue.edu RI Adams, Kristl/A-5748-2009 NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 1 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1021/jp053440r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 001GD UT WOS:000234520700082 PM 16471565 ER PT J AU Agarwal, PK AF Agarwal, PK TI Enzymes: An integrated view of structure, dynamics and function SO MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES LA English DT Review ID LIVER ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE CATALYSIS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY TRANSFER; CYCLOPHILIN-A INSIGHTS; HIV-1 CAPSID PROTEIN; HYDRIDE TRANSFER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CIS/TRANS ISOMERIZATION; BINDING-PROTEIN AB Microbes utilize enzymes to perform a variety of functions. Enzymes are biocatalysts working as highly efficient machines at the molecular level. In the past, enzymes have been viewed as static entities and their function has been explained on the basis of direct structural interactions between the enzyme and the substrate. A variety of experimental and computational techniques, however, continue to reveal that proteins are dynamically active machines, with various parts exhibiting internal motions at a wide range of time-scales. Increasing evidence also indicates that these internal protein motions play a role in promoting protein function such as enzyme catalysis. Moreover, the thermodynamical fluctuations of the solvent, surrounding the protein, have an impact on internal protein motions and, therefore, on enzyme function. In this review, we describe recent biochemical and theoretical investigations of internal protein dynamics linked to enzyme catalysis. In the enzyme cyclophilin A, investigations have lead to the discovery of a network of protein vibrations promoting catalysis. Cyclophilin A catalyzes peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerization in a variety of peptide and protein substrates. Recent studies of cyclophilin A are discussed in detail and other enzymes ( dihydrofolate reductase and liver alcohol dehydrogenase) where similar discoveries have been reported are also briefly discussed. The detailed characterization of the discovered networks indicates that protein dynamics plays a role in rate-enhancement achieved by enzymes. An integrated view of enzyme structure, dynamics and function have wide implications in understanding allosteric and co-operative effects, as well as protein engineering of more efficient enzymes and novel drug design. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM agarwalpk@ornl.gov NR 70 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 21 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2859 J9 MICROB CELL FACT JI Microb. Cell. Fact. PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 5 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1475-2859-5-2 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 014CR UT WOS:000235456800001 PM 16409630 ER PT J AU Phan, TD Gosling, JT Davis, MS Skoug, RM Oieroset, M Lin, RP Lepping, RP McComas, DJ Smith, CW Reme, H Balogh, A AF Phan, TD Gosling, JT Davis, MS Skoug, RM Oieroset, M Lin, RP Lepping, RP McComas, DJ Smith, CW Reme, H Balogh, A TI A magnetic reconnection X-line extending more than 390 Earth radii in the solar wind SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; MAGNETOPAUSE; FIELD; PLASMA AB Magnetic reconnection in a current sheet converts magnetic energy into particle energy, a process that is important in many laboratory(1), space(2,3) and astrophysical contexts(4-6). It is not known at present whether reconnection is fundamentally a process that can occur over an extended region in space or whether it is patchy and unpredictable in nature(7). Frequent reports of small-scale flux ropes and flow channels associated with reconnection(8-13) in the Earth's magnetosphere raise the possibility that reconnection is intrinsically patchy, with each reconnection X-line ( the line along which oppositely directed magnetic field lines reconnect) extending at most a few Earth radii (R-E), even though the associated current sheets span many tens or hundreds of R-E. Here we report three-spacecraft observations of accelerated flow associated with reconnection in a current sheet embedded in the solar wind flow, where the reconnection X-line extended at least 390R(E) ( or 2.5 x 10(6) km). Observations of this and 27 similar events imply that reconnection is fundamentally a large-scale process. Patchy reconnection observed in the Earth's magnetosphere is therefore likely to be a geophysical effect associated with fluctuating boundary conditions, rather than a fundamental property of reconnection. Our observations also reveal, surprisingly, that reconnection can operate in a quasi-steady-state manner even when undriven by the external flow. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Solar & Space Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31029 Toulouse, France. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. RP Phan, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM phan@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 26 TC 149 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7073 BP 175 EP 178 DI 10.1038/nature04393 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 001MT UT WOS:000234538400033 PM 16407946 ER PT J AU Kitano, R Nomura, Y AF Kitano, R Nomura, Y TI Dark matter before the LHC in a natural supersymmetric standard model SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID SOFT TERMS; BREAKING AB We show that the solid lower bound of about 10(-44) cm(2) is obtained for the cross section between the supersymmetric dark matter and nucleon in a theory in which the supersymmetric fine-tuning problem is solved without extending the Higgs sector at the weak scale. This bound arises because of relatively small superparticle masses and a fortunate correlation that the two dominant diagrams for the dark matter detection always interfere constructively if the constraint from the b -> s gamma measurements is obeyed. It is, therefore, quite promising in the present scenario that the supersymmetric dark matter is discovered before the LHC, assuming that the dark matter is the lightest supersymmetric particle. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM kitano@slac.stanford.edu OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 632 IS 2-3 BP 162 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.10.069 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 004BO UT WOS:000234727200004 ER PT J AU Bultmann, S Chiang, IH Chrien, RE Drees, A Gill, RL Guryn, W Landgraf, J Ljubicic, TA Lynn, D Pearson, C Pile, P Rusek, A Sakitt, M Tepikian, S Yip, K Chwastowski, J Pawlik, B Haguenauer, M Bogdanov, AA Nurushev, SB Runtzo, MF Strikhanov, MN Alekseev, IG Kanavets, VP Koroleva, LI Morozov, BV Svirida, DN Khodinov, A Rijssenbeek, M Whitehead, L Yeung, S De, K Guler, N Li, J Ozturk, N Sandacz, A AF Bultmann, S Chiang, IH Chrien, RE Drees, A Gill, RL Guryn, W Landgraf, J Ljubicic, TA Lynn, D Pearson, C Pile, P Rusek, A Sakitt, M Tepikian, S Yip, K Chwastowski, J Pawlik, B Haguenauer, M Bogdanov, AA Nurushev, SB Runtzo, MF Strikhanov, MN Alekseev, IG Kanavets, VP Koroleva, LI Morozov, BV Svirida, DN Khodinov, A Rijssenbeek, M Whitehead, L Yeung, S De, K Guler, N Li, J Ozturk, N Sandacz, A CA PP2PP Collaborat TI First measurement of A(N) at root s=200 GeV in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering at RHIC SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE polarization; elastic scattering ID BEAM; PP AB We report on the first measurement of the single spin analyzing power (AN) at root s = 200 GeV, obtained by the PP2PP experiment using polarized proton beams at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Data points were measured in the four momentum transfer t range 0.01 <= vertical bar t vertical bar <= 0.03 (GeV/c)(2). Our result, averaged over the whole vertical bar t vertical bar interval is about one standard deviation above the calculation, which uses interference between electromagnetic spin-flip amplitude and hadronic non-flip amplitude, the source of A(N). The difference could be explained by an additional contribution of a hadronic spin-flip amplitude to A(N) (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM guryn@bnl.gov RI Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Strikhanov, Mikhail/P-7393-2014; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/D-6269-2015; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016 OI Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Strikhanov, Mikhail/0000-0003-2586-0405; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/0000-0003-3551-5808; NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 12 PY 2006 VL 632 IS 2-3 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.10.041 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 004BO UT WOS:000234727200005 ER PT J AU Qiao, F Harada, B Song, HY Whitelegge, J Courey, AJ Bowie, JU AF Qiao, F Harada, B Song, HY Whitelegge, J Courey, AJ Bowie, JU TI Mae inhibits Pointed-P2 transcriptional activity by blocking its MAPK docking site SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ETS-family transcription factors; Mae; MAPK; pnt-p2; SAM domain; transcriptional regulation ID ETS DOMAIN PROTEIN; KINASE PHOSPHORYLATION; SIGNALING SPECIFICITY; SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION; DROSOPHILA EYE; NUCLEAR EXPORT; SAM DOMAINS; PATHWAY; ERK2; YAN AB During Drosophila melanogaster eye development, signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) leads to activation of a mitogen activated protein tyrosine kinase, called Rolled. Key nuclear targets of Rolled are two antagonistic transcription factors: Yan, a repressor, and Pointed-P2 (Pnt-P2), an activator. A critical regulator of this process, Mae, can interact with both Yan and Pnt-P2 through their SAM domains. Although earlier work showed that Mae derepresses Yan-regulated transcription by depolymerizing the Yan polymer, the mechanism of Pnt-P2 regulation by Mae remained undefined. We find that efficient phosphorylation and consequent activation of Pnt-P2 requires a three-dimensional docking surface on its SAM domain for the MAP kinase, Rolled. Mae binding to Pnt-P2 occludes this docking surface, thereby acting to downregulate Pnt-P2 activity. Docking site blocking provides a new mechanism whereby the cell can precisely modulate kinase signaling at specific targets, providing another layer of regulation beyond the more global changes effected by alterations in the activity of the kinase itself. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Room 655,Boyer Hall,611 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bowie@mbi.ucla.edu OI Harada, Bryan/0000-0002-9683-782X FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA081000-07, R01 CA081000, R01 CA081000-05, R01 CA081000-09, R01 CA081000-06, R01 CA081000-08, R01-CA081000]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM044522, R01-GM44522] NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600924 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 007ER UT WOS:000234951900007 PM 16362034 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Kaiser, DP Leung, LR Xu, M AF Qian, Y Kaiser, DP Leung, LR Xu, M TI More frequent cloud-free sky and less surface solar radiation in China from 1955 to 2000 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE; POLLUTION; AEROSOLS; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS AB [1] Newly available data from extended weather stations and time period reveal that much of China has experienced significant decreases in cloud cover over the last half of the Twentieth century. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of the more reliably observed frequency of cloud-free sky and overcast sky. The total cloud cover and low cloud cover have decreased 0.88% and 0.33% per decade, respectively, and cloud-free days have increased 0.60% and overcast days decreased 0.78% per decade in China from 1954-2001. Meanwhile, both solar radiation and pan evaporation have decreased in China, with solar radiation decreasing 3.1 W/m(2) and pan evaporation decreasing 39 mm per decade. Combining these results with findings of previous studies, we speculated that increased air pollution may have produced a fog-like haze that reflected/absorbed radiation from the sun and resulted in less solar radiation reaching the surface, despite concurrent increasing trends in cloud-free sky over China. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 1509,MS 6335, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yun.qian@pnl.gov RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; qian, yun/E-1845-2011 NR 22 TC 161 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 1 AR L01812 DI 10.1029/2005GL024586 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 007UF UT WOS:000234994800004 ER PT J AU Pao, CW Tsai, HM Chiou, JW Pong, WF Tsai, MH Pi, TW Lin, HJ Jang, LY Lee, JF Wang, CR Lin, ST Guo, JH AF Pao, CW Tsai, HM Chiou, JW Pong, WF Tsai, MH Pi, TW Lin, HJ Jang, LY Lee, JF Wang, CR Lin, ST Guo, JH TI The effect of the Mn constituent on the electronic structures of Al70Pd22.5(Re1-xMnx)(7.5) quasicrystals studied by x-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; STATES AB X-ray absorption near-edge fine structure (XANES) and valence-band photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) measurements were performed to elucidate the effect of the Mn constituent on the electronic structures of icosahedral (i)-Al70Pd22.5(Re1-xMnx)(7.5) quasicrystals (QCs). Pd and Re L-3-edge and Al K-edge XANES spectra reveal that the unoccupied Pd 4d, Re 5d and Al 3p states are insensitive to the Mn doping. The valence-band PES and resonant photoemission analysis indicate a marked Mn 3d contribution within similar to 5 eV of the Fermi level, suggesting that the Mn doping increases the conductivity of i-Al-Pd-Re-Mn QCs. C1 Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Phys, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. Tunghai Univ, Dept Phys, Taichung 407, Taiwan. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 701, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pong, WF (reprint author), Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. EM wfpong@mail.tku.edu.tw NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/18/1/019 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 006AE UT WOS:000234866700024 ER PT J AU Nicolas, C Shu, JN Peterka, DS Hochlaf, M Poisson, L Leone, SR Ahmed, M AF Nicolas, C Shu, JN Peterka, DS Hochlaf, M Poisson, L Leone, SR Ahmed, M TI Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization of C-3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SMALL CARBON CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; EMISSION-SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; BAND; MOLECULES; SYSTEM; STATES; UV AB Photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves for C-3 molecules produced by laser ablation are measured from 11.0 to 13.5 eV with tunable vacuum ultraviolet undulator radiation. A step in the PIE curve versus photon energy, obtained with N-2 as the carrier gas, supports the conclusion of very effective cooling of C3 to its linear (1)Sigma(g)(+) ground state. The second step observed in the PIE curve versus photon energy could be the first experimental evidence of the C-3(+) ((2)Sigma(g)(+)) excited state. The experimental results, complemented by ab initio calculations, suggest a state-to-state vertical ionization energy of 11.70 +/- 0.05 eV between the C-3(X(1)Sigma(g)(+)) and the C-3(+)(X(2)Sigma(u)(+)) states. An ionization energy of 11.61 +/- 0.07 eV between the neutral and ionic ground states of C3 is deduced using the data together with our calculations. Accurate ab initio calculations are performed for both linear and bent geometries on the lowest doublet electronic states of C-3(+) using Configuration Interaction (CI) approaches and large basis sets. These calculations confirm that C-3(+) is bent in its electronic ground state, which is separated by a small potential barrier from the (2)Sigma(u)(+) minimum. The gradual increase at the onset of the PIE curve suggests a geometry change between the ground neutral and cationic states. The energies between several doublet states of the ion are theoretically determined to be 0.81, 1.49, and 1.98 eV between the (2)Sigma(u)(+) and the (2)Sigma(g)(+), (2)Pi(u), (2)Pi(g) excited states of C-3, respectively. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Marne Vallee, Chim Theor Lab, F-77454 Champs Sur Marne, France. RP Ahmed, M (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mahmed@lbl.gov RI POISSON, Lionel/A-6669-2008; Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 OI POISSON, Lionel/0000-0002-7131-968X; NR 45 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 220 EP 226 DI 10.1021/ja055430+ PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 001PB UT WOS:000234547700059 PM 16390150 ER PT J AU Doonan, CJ Nielsen, DJ Smith, PD White, JM George, GN Young, CG AF Doonan, CJ Nielsen, DJ Smith, PD White, JM George, GN Young, CG TI Models for the molybdenum hydroxylases: Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of cis-oxosulfido-Mo(VI) complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; SULFITE OXIDASE; X-RAY; HYDROTRIS(3,5-DIMETHYL-1-PYRAZOLYL)BORATE LIGAND; OXO-MOLYBDENUM(V) COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; MONONUCLEAR AB Atom transfer reactions have been employed to convert Tp(/Pr)MoO(2)(OAr) into monomeric cis-oxosulfido-Mo(VI) and dimeric mu-disulfido-Mo(V) species, [Tp(/Pr)MoOS(OAr)](n) (Tp(/Pr) = hydrotris(3-isopropyl-pyrazol-1-yl)borate; OAr = phenolate or naphtholate derivative; n = 1 and 2, respectively). Dark red, monomeric Tp(/PR)MoOS(OAr) complexes contain distorted octahedral cis-oxosulfido-Mo(VI) centers, with d(Mo=O) = 1.692(5) angstrom, d(Mo=S) = 2.132(2) angstrom, and angle(O=Mo=S) = 103.68(16)degrees for the 2-sec-butylphenolate derivative. Dark red-purple, dimeric [Tp(/Pr)MoOS(OAr)](2) complexes undergo S-S bond cleavage forming monomeric oxosulfido-Mo(VI) species in solution. In the solid state, the 3,5-di-tert-butylphenolate derivative exhibits a centrosymmetric structure, with distorted octahedral anti oxo-Mo(V) centers bridged by a disulfido-kappa S,kappa S' ligand. Hydrolysis of the oxosulfido-Mo(VI) complexes results in the formation of [Tp(/Pr)MoO](2) (mu-S-2)(mu-O). In anaerobic solutions, certain oxosulfido-Mo(VI) complexes convert to molybdenyl complexes bearing bidentate 2-mercaptophenolate or related naphtholate ligands formed via intramolecular attack of the sulfido ligand on a coligand C-H group. The oxosulfido-Mo(VI) complexes serve as precursors to biologically relevant Mo(V) and heterobimetallic MoO(mu-S)Cu species and undergo a range of biomimetic reactions. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Young, CG (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM cgyoung@unimelb.edu.au RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 49 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.1021/ja056109u PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 001PB UT WOS:000234547700069 PM 16390160 ER PT J AU Wilson, AD Newell, RH McNevin, MJ Muckerman, JT DuBois, MR DuBois, DL AF Wilson, AD Newell, RH McNevin, MJ Muckerman, JT DuBois, MR DuBois, DL TI Hydrogen oxidation and production using nickel-based molecular catalysts with positioned proton relays SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; HYDRIDE DONOR ABILITIES; ACTIVE-SITE; NIFE HYDROGENASE; DIHYDROGEN ACTIVATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BRIDGING LIGAND; COMPLEXES M; EVOLUTION AB Highly efficient electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution and hydrogen oxidation have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The catalysts in their resting states are air-stable, mononuclear nickel(I I) complexes containing cyclic diphosphine ligands with nitrogen bases incorporated into the ligand backbone. X-ray diffraction studies have established that the cation of [Ni(P(2)(Ph)N(2)(Ph))(2)(CH(3)CN)](BF(4))(2), 6a, (where p(2)(Ph)N(2)(Ph) is 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane) is a trigonal bipyramid with bonds to four phosphorus atoms of the two bidentate diphosphine ligands and the nitrogen atom of an acetonitrile molecule. Two of the six-membered rings formed by the diphosphine ligands and Ni have boat conformations with an average Ni(...)N distance to the two pendant bases of 3.4 angstrom. The cation of [Ni(P(2)(Cy)N(2)(Bz))(2)](BF(4))(2), 6b, (where Cy = cyclohexyl and Bz = benzyl) is a distorted square planar complex. For 6b, all four six-membered rings formed upon coordination of the diphosphine ligands to the metal are in the boat form. In this case, the average Ni(...)N distance to the pendant base is 3.3 angstrom. Complex 6a is an electrocatalyst for hydrogen production in acidic acetonitrile solutions, and compound 6b is an electrocatalyst for hydrogen oxidation in basic acetonitrile solutions. It is demonstrated that the high catalytic rates observed with these complexes are a result of the positioning of the nitrogen base so that it plays an important role in the formation and cleavage of the H-H bond. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP DuBois, MR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mary.rakowski-dubois@colorado.edu; dan_dubois@nrel.gov RI Wilson, Aaron/C-4364-2008; Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 OI Wilson, Aaron/0000-0001-5865-6537; NR 45 TC 291 Z9 291 U1 17 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 11 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 1 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1021/ja056442y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 001PB UT WOS:000234547700075 PM 16390166 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Hunter, WR Barbee, TW AF Kowalski, MP Hunter, WR Barbee, TW TI Replication of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating for use at extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths: topography SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-X-RAY; INCIDENCE EFFICIENCIES; MULTILAYER; REGION; OPERATION; RANGE AB We have measured the topography of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating and three of its replicas using an atomic force microscope. The master grating had a roughness of less than 5 angstrom rms, a blaze angle of 2.5 degrees, and an antiblaze angle of 3.3 degrees. Thus the groove profile was more triangular than sawtooth. We find that the replication process did not significantly change the master grating. Moreover, we find no significant difference in roughness, blaze angle, or antiblaze angle between the master and its replicas before or after multilayer coating. However, bumps were observed on the gratings after coating, the cause of which is not understood. Although widespread, they occupy a relatively small fraction of the total area. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowalski@nrl.navy.mil NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 305 EP 321 DI 10.1364/AO.45.000305 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 002BR UT WOS:000234586900008 PM 16422161 ER PT J AU Kowalski, MP Barbee, TW Hunter, WR AF Kowalski, MP Barbee, TW Hunter, WR TI Replication of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating for use at extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths: efficiency SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-NORMAL INCIDENCE; LONG-TERM STABILITY; MULTILAYER; REGION; SPECTROSCOPY; RANGE; OPERATION; G191-B2B AB Using synchrotron radiation, we have measured the efficiency at an angle of incidence of 10 degrees of a holographic ion-etched spherical blazed grating and three of its fourth-generation replicas. The measured efficiency profile of replicas 1 and 3 prior to multilayer coating oscillated from thin-film interference produced by the replicas' Al/Al2O3/SiO2 structure. A Mo2C/Si multilayer coating was applied to the master grating and replicas 1 and 2. After coating, the maximum grating efficiency occurred in the -2nd order and the maximum values were 12.4% at 143.8 angstrom for the master and 11.6% at 145.2 angstrom for replicas 1 and 2. On the basis of measurements obtained after coating, the derived groove efficiency was 22.2% for the master, 19.4% for replica 1, and 19.3% for replica 2. The groove efficiency of the uncoated replica 3 was 24.3% at 142.5 angstrom. We find that the replicas are reasonably faithful copies of the ion-etched master, and models based on measured atomic force microscope groove profiles are in general agreement with measured results. However, subtle issues remain regarding the widths of the peak order profile and the location of its maximum wavelength. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SFA Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. RP Kowalski, MP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7655-3,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM michael.kowalski@nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 2 BP 322 EP 334 DI 10.1364/AO.45.000322 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 002BR UT WOS:000234586900009 PM 16422162 ER PT J AU Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Amann, JF Archbold, G Belov, K Belz, JW BenZvi, S Bergman, DR Blake, SA Boyer, JH Burt, GW Cao, Z Connolly, BM Deng, W Fedorova, Y Findlay, J Finley, CB Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Holzscheiter, MH Hughes, GA Huntemeyer, P Jui, CCH Kim, K Kirn, MA Knapp, BC Loh, EC Maestas, MM Manago, N Mannel, EJ Marek, LJ Martens, K Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN O'Neill, A Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, MD Rodriguez, D Sasaki, M Schnetzer, SR Seman, M Sinnis, G Smith, JD Snow, R Sokolsky, P Springer, RW Stokes, BT Thomas, JR Thomas, SB Thomson, GB Tupa, D Westerhoff, S Wiencke, LR Zech, A AF Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Amann, JF Archbold, G Belov, K Belz, JW BenZvi, S Bergman, DR Blake, SA Boyer, JH Burt, GW Cao, Z Connolly, BM Deng, W Fedorova, Y Findlay, J Finley, CB Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Holzscheiter, MH Hughes, GA Huntemeyer, P Jui, CCH Kim, K Kirn, MA Knapp, BC Loh, EC Maestas, MM Manago, N Mannel, EJ Marek, LJ Martens, K Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN O'Neill, A Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, MD Rodriguez, D Sasaki, M Schnetzer, SR Seman, M Sinnis, G Smith, JD Snow, R Sokolsky, P Springer, RW Stokes, BT Thomas, JR Thomas, SB Thomson, GB Tupa, D Westerhoff, S Wiencke, LR Zech, A CA HiRes Colloboration TI Search for cross-correlations of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with BL Lacertae objects SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : general; cosmic rays; galaxies : active ID RESOLUTION FLYS EYE; GAMMA-RAY; CATALOG AB Data taken in stereo mode by the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) air fluorescence experiment are analyzed to search for correlations between the arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with the positions of BL Lacertae objects. Several previous claims of significant correlations between BL Lac objects and cosmic rays observed by other experiments are tested. These claims are not supported by the HiRes data. However, we verify a recent analysis of correlations between HiRes events and a subset of confirmed BL Lac objects from the 10th Veron Catalog, and we study this correlation in detail. Due to the a posteriori nature of the search, the significance level cannot be reliably estimated and the correlation must be tested independently before any claim can be made. We identify the precise hypotheses that will be tested with statistically independent data. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Phys & Astron, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Abbasi, RU (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM finley@physics.columbia.edu; westerhoff@nevis.columbia.edu RI Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Belov, Konstantin/D-2520-2013; OI Tupa, Dale/0000-0002-6265-5016 NR 18 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 636 IS 2 BP 680 EP 684 DI 10.1086/498142 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000NR UT WOS:000234469400009 ER PT J AU Prieto, CA Beers, TC Wilhelm, R Newberg, HJ Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Lee, YS AF Prieto, CA Beers, TC Wilhelm, R Newberg, HJ Rockosi, CM Yanny, B Lee, YS TI A spectroscopic study of the ancient Milky Way: F- and G-type stars in the third data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : stellar content; Galaxy : structure; stars : abundances; stars : fundamental parameters ID EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE; MODEL STELLAR ATMOSPHERES; NORTH GALACTIC POLE; A-TYPE STARS; THICK DISK; EVOLUTIONARY SEQUENCES; RADIATIVE OPACITIES; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; DWARF STARS; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES AB We perform an analysis of spectra and photometry for 22,770 stars included in the third data release (DR3) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS). We derive atmospheric parameters and distances. Our analysis procedures are throughly checked using three recently published spectroscopic libraries of nearby stars and alternative methods. The SDSS sample covers a range in stellar brightness of 14 < V < 22, primarily at intermediate Galactic latitudes, and comprises large numbers of F- and G-type stars from the thick-disk and halo populations, therefore including some of the oldest stars in the Milky Way. We find that halo stars exhibit a broad range of iron abundances, with a peak at [Fe/ H ]similar or equal to - 1.4. This population exhibits essentially no Galactic rotation. Thick-disk G-dwarf stars at distances from the Galactic plane in the range 1 < vertical bar z vertical bar < 3 kpc show a much more compact metallicity distribution, with a maximum at [Fe/H] similar or equal to - 0.7, and a median Galactic rotation lagging the local standard of rest by 63 km s(-1). A comparison of color indices and metal abundances with isochrones indicates that no significant star formation has taken place in the halo in the last similar to 11 Gyr, but there are thick-disk stars that are at least 2 Gyr younger. We find the metallicities of thick disk stars to be nearly independent of Galactocentric distance between 5 and 14 kpc from the Galactic center, in contrast with the marked gradients found in the literature for the thin disk. No vertical metallicity gradient is apparent for the thick disk, but we detect a gradient in its rotational velocity of -16 +/- 4 km s(-1) kpc(-1) between 1 and 3 kpc from the plane. We estimate that among the stars in our sample there are over 2000 with an iron abundance [Fe/ H] <-2, and over 150 stars with an iron abundance [Fe/ H] < -3. C1 Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48224 USA. Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48224 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. UCO, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Prieto, CA (reprint author), Univ Texas, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM callende@astro.as.utexas.edu NR 90 TC 164 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 636 IS 2 BP 804 EP 820 DI 10.1086/498131 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000NR UT WOS:000234469400019 ER PT J AU Yost, SA Alatalo, K Rykoff, ES Aharonian, F Akerlof, CW Ashley, MCB Blake, CH Bloom, JS Boettcher, M Falco, EE Gogus, E Guver, T Halpern, JP Horns, D Joshi, M Kiziloglu, U McKay, TA Mirabal, N Ozel, M Phillips, A Quimby, RM Rujopakarn, W Schaefer, BE Shields, JC Skrutskie, M Smith, DA Starr, DL Swan, HF Szentgyorgyi, A Vestrand, WT Wheeler, JC Wren, J AF Yost, SA Alatalo, K Rykoff, ES Aharonian, F Akerlof, CW Ashley, MCB Blake, CH Bloom, JS Boettcher, M Falco, EE Gogus, E Guver, T Halpern, JP Horns, D Joshi, M Kiziloglu, U McKay, TA Mirabal, N Ozel, M Phillips, A Quimby, RM Rujopakarn, W Schaefer, BE Shields, JC Skrutskie, M Smith, DA Starr, DL Swan, HF Szentgyorgyi, A Vestrand, WT Wheeler, JC Wren, J TI Optical light curve and cooling break of GRB 050502A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; EXTINCTION CURVES; AFTERGLOW; CALIBRATION; PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEM; JETS AB We present light curves of the afterglow of GRB 050502A, including very early data at t - t(GRB) < 60 s. The light curve is composed of unfiltered ROTSE-IIIb optical observations from 44 s to 6 hr postburst, R-band MDM observations from 1.6 to 8.4 hr postburst, and PAIRITEL JHKs observations from 0.6 to 2.6 hr postburst. The optical light curve is fit by a broken power law, where t(alpha) steepens from alpha = 1.13 +/- 0.02 to -1.44 +/- 0.02 at similar to 5700s. This steepening is consistent with the evolution expected for the passage of the cooling frequency v(c) through the optical band. Even in our earliest observation at 44 s postburst, there is no evidence that the optical flux is brighter than a backward extrapolation of the later power law would suggest. The observed decay indices and spectral index are consistent with either an ISM or a wind fireball model, but slightly favor the ISM interpretation. The expected spectral index in the ISM interpretation is consistent within 1 sigma with the observed spectral index beta = -0.8 +/- 0.1; the wind interpretation would imply a spectral index slightly (similar to 2 sigma) shallower than observed. A small amount of dust extinction at the source redshift could steepen an intrinsic spectrum sufficiently to account for the observed value of beta. In this picture, the early optical decay, with the peak at or below 4.7 x 10(14) Hz at 44 s, requires very small electron and magnetic energy partitions from the fireball. C1 Univ Michigan, Randall Lab 2477, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Astron Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ New S Wales, Dept Astrophys & Opt, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Harvard Univ, Coll Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Sabanci Univ, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul Univ, Sci Fac, Dept Astron & Space Sci, TR-34119 Istanbul, Turkey. Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, TR-17020 Canakkale, Turkey. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yost, SA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab 2477, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM sayost@umich.edu; kalatalo@umich.edu; erykoff@umich.edu; felix.aharonian@mpi-hd.mpg.de; akerlof@umich.edu; mcba@phys.unsw.edu.au; cblake@cfa.harvard.edu; jbloom@astron.berkeley.edu; boettchm@ohio.edu; efalco@cfa.harvard.edu; ersing@sabanciuniv.edu; tolga@istanbul.edu.tr; jules@astro.columbia.edu; horns@mpi-hd.mpg.de; manasvita.joshi.1@ohio.edu; umk@astroa.physics.metu.edu.tr; tamckay@umich.edu; wiphu@umich.edu; me_ozel@ibu.edu.tr; a.phillips@unsw.edu.au; quimby@astro.as.utexas.edu; donaldas@umich.edu; schaefer@lsu.edu; shields@phy.ohiou.edu; mfs4n@virginia.edu; donaldas@umich.edu; dan@pairitel.org; hswan@umich.edu; aszentgyorgyi@cfa.harvard.edu; vestrand@lanl.gov; wheel@astro.as.utexas.edu; jwren@nis.lanl.gov RI Guver, Tolga/C-1408-2011; Horns, Dieter/C-9727-2011; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/E-7849-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Guver, Tolga/B-1039-2014; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Guver, Tolga/0000-0002-3531-9842; Alatalo, Katherine/0000-0002-4261-2326; Rujopakarn, Wiphu/0000-0002-0303-499X; Flewelling, Heather/0000-0002-1050-4056 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 636 IS 2 BP 959 EP 966 DI 10.1086/498134 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000NR UT WOS:000234469400033 ER PT J AU Onifer, AJ Gayley, KG AF Onifer, AJ Gayley, KG TI Wolf-Rayet mass-loss limits due to frequency redistribution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE methods : analytical; radiative transfer; stars : mass loss; stars : winds, outflows; stars : Wolf-Rayet ID LOSS RATES; STELLAR PARAMETERS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; EXPANSION OPACITY; MOMENTUM PROBLEM; STARS; WINDS; DIFFUSION; RADIATION; DRIVEN AB The hypothesis that CAK-type line driving is responsible for the large observed Wolf-Rayet (W-R) mass-loss rates has been called into question in recent theoretical studies. The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the plausibility of line driving of W-R winds within the standard approach using the Sobolev approximation while advancing the conceptual understanding of this topic. Due to the multiple scattering required in this context, of particular importance is the role of photon frequency redistribution into spectral gaps, which in the extreme limit yields the statistical Sobolev-Rosseland (SSR) mean approximation. Interesting limits to constrain are the extremes of no frequency redistribution, in which the small radii and corresponding high W-R surface temperature induces up to twice the mass-loss rate relative to cooler stars, and the SSR limit, in which the reduced efficiency of the driving drops the mass flux by as much as an order of magnitude whenever there exist significant gaps in the spectral line distribution. To see how this efficiency drop might be sufficiently avoided to permit high W-R mass loss, we explore the suggestion that ionization stratification may serve to fill the gaps globally over the wind. We find that global ionization changes can only fill the gaps sufficiently to cause about a 25% increase in the mass-loss rate over the local SSR limit. Higher temperatures and more ionization states (especially of iron) may be needed to achieve optically thick W-R winds, unless strong clumping corrections eliminate the need for such winds. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Onifer, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM aonifer@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 636 IS 2 BP 1054 EP 1066 DI 10.1086/497322 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000NR UT WOS:000234469400043 ER PT J AU Bong, SC Moon, YJ Cho, KS Kim, YH Park, YD Choe, GS AF Bong, SC Moon, YJ Cho, KS Kim, YH Park, YD Choe, GS TI Direct observation of low coronal breakout: Does breakout precede or follow solar eruption? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID MASS EJECTIONS; CME EVENT; MODEL; RECONNECTION; FILAMENT; FEATURES; REGION; ENERGY; FLARE AB In this Letter, we report a direct SOHO LASCO C1 observation of low coronal "magnetic breakout" that occurred during the coronal mass ejection (CME) on 1998 March 23. The LASCO C1 images show that a slowly expanding, small coronal loop on the northeastern limb erupted, becoming a CME with the typical three-part structure ( core, void, and front). Just after the CME front went out of the C1 field of view ( about 2 solar radii), a wedgelike open structure is clearly formed. From this observation, together with Yohkoh SXT and SOHO MDI images, we inferred the change of the coronal magnetic field configuration during the eruption, which shows a morphological consistency with the breakout CME model. However, our observation shows that the initial acceleration (similar to 100 m s(-2)) of the CME front began about 1 hr before the apparent field opening. This observation disagrees with the CME initiation mechanism of the breakout model. We note that the observed eruption progressed in four distinct phases: a slow rise of loop structures, the initial acceleration of the CME, the magnetic breakout and second acceleration, and the CME propagation at almost-constant speed. C1 Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bong, SC (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, 61-1 Hwaam Dong, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM scbong@kasi.re.kr; yjmoon@kasi.re.kr; kscho@kasi.re.kr; yhkim@kasi.re.kr; ydpark@kasi.re.kr; gchoe@pppl.gov RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Choe, Gwangson/E-2366-2013 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 636 IS 2 BP L169 EP L172 DI 10.1086/500126 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000NU UT WOS:000234469700028 ER PT J AU Sakamoto, T Barbier, L Barthelmy, SD Cummings, JR Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, HA Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, AM Sato, G Tueller, J AF Sakamoto, T Barbier, L Barthelmy, SD Cummings, JR Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Hullinger, D Krimm, HA Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, AM Sato, G Tueller, J TI Confirmation of the E(peak)(src)-E(iso)(AMATI) relation from the X-ray flash XRF 050416A by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID AFTERGLOW LIGHT CURVES; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; INTRINSIC SPECTRA; MODEL; ENERGY; UNIVERSAL; JETS; VARIABILITY; LUMINOSITY; ENERGETICS AB We report Swift Burst Alert Telescope ( BAT) observations of the X-ray flash (XRF) XRF 050416A. The fluence ratio between the 15-25 and 25-50 keV energy bands of this event is 1.1, thus making it the softest gamma-ray burst (GRB) observed by BAT so far. The spectrum is well fitted by a Band function with of k(peak)(obs) 15.0(-2.7)(+2.3) keV. Assuming the redshift of the host galaxy (E(peak)(src)), the isotropic equivalent radiated energy E(iso) and the peak z = 0.6535 energy at the GRB rest frame (E(peak)(src)) of XRF 050416A are not only consistent with the correlation found by Amati (E(peak)(src)) et al. and extended to XRFs by Sakamoto et al. but also fill in the gap of this relation around the 30-80 keV range of. This result tightens the validity of the relation from XRFs to GRBs. We also find that the jet break time estimated using the empirical relation between E(peak)(src) and the collimation corrected energy E(gamma) is inconsistent with the afterglow observation by the Swift X-Ray Telescope. This could be due to the extra external shock emission overlaid around the jet break time or to the nonexistence of a jet break feature for XRFs, which might be a further challenge for GRB jet emission models and XRF/GRB unification scenarios. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012; Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 52 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 636 IS 2 BP L73 EP L76 DI 10.1086/500261 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 000NU UT WOS:000234469700004 ER PT J AU Argiriadi, MA Goedken, ER Bruck, I O'Donnell, M Kuriyan, J AF Argiriadi, MA Goedken, ER Bruck, I O'Donnell, M Kuriyan, J TI Crystal structure of a DNA polymerase sliding clamp from a Gram-positive bacterium SO BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; III HOLOENZYME; PROCESSIVITY FACTOR; REPLICATION FORK; DELTA-SUBUNIT; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; COMPLEX; PIECES; PCNA AB Background: Sliding DNA clamps are processivity factors that are required for efficient DNA replication. DNA polymerases maintain proximity to nucleic acid templates by interacting with sliding clamps that encircle DNA and thereby link the polymerase enzyme to the DNA substrate. Although the structures of sliding clamps from Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), eukaryotes, archaea, and T4-like bacteriophages are well-known, the structure of a sliding clamp from Gram-positive bacteria has not been reported previously. Results: We have determined the crystal structure of the dimeric beta subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes. The sliding clamp from this Gram-positive organism forms a ring-shaped dimeric assembly that is similar in overall structure to that of the sliding clamps from Gram-negative bacteria, bacteriophage T4, eukaryotes and archaea. The dimer has overall dimensions of similar to 90 angstrom x similar to 70 angstrom x similar to 25 angstrom with a central chamber that is large enough to accommodate duplex DNA. In comparison to the circular shape of other assemblies, the S. pyogenes clamp adopts a more elliptical structure. Conclusion: The sequences of sliding clamps from S. pyogenes and E. coli are only 23% identical, making the generation of structural models for the S. pyogenes clamp difficult in the absence of direct experimental information. Our structure of the S. pyogenes beta subunit completes the catalog of clamp structures from all the major sequence grouping of sliding clamps. The more elliptical rather than circular structure of the S. pyogenes clamp implies that the topological nature of encircling DNA, rather than a precise geometric shape, is the most conserved aspect for this family of proteins. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Med & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kuriyan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Med & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maria.argiriadi@abbott.com; goedken@zebra.berkeley.edu; bruck@mod.rockefeller.edu; odonnel@mail.rockefeller.edu; kuriyan@berkeley.edu OI O'Donnell, Michael/0000-0001-9002-4214 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM38839, GM45547, R01 GM038839, R01 GM045547, R37 GM038839] NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2237 J9 BMC STRUCT BIOL JI BMC Struct. Biol. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1472-6807-6-2 PG 6 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 012KS UT WOS:000235338700001 PM 16403212 ER PT J AU Kamolpornwijit, W Liang, L AF Kamolpornwijit, W Liang, L TI Investigation of gas production and entrapment in granular iron medium SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas production; gas entrapment; zero-valent iron technology; nitrate reduction; iron corrosion rate ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE; GROUNDWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES; PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERS; NITRATE REDUCTION; MINERAL PRECIPITATION; TRANSPORT; CORROSION; COLUMNS; DENITRIFICATION AB A method for measuring gas entrapment in granular iron (Fe-0) was developed and used to estimate the impact of gas production on porosity loss during the treatment of a high NO3- groundwater (up to similar to 10 mM). Over the 400-d study period the trapped gas in laboratory columns was small, with a maximum measured at 1.3% pore volume. Low levels of dissolved H-2(g) were measured (up to 0.07 +/- 0.02 M). Free moving gas bubbles were not observed. Thus, porosity loss, which was determined by tracer tests to be 25-30%, is not accounted for by residual gas trapped in the iron. The removal of aqueous species (i.e., NO3-, Ca, and carbonate alkalinity) indicates that mineral precipitation contributed more significantly to porosity loss than did the trapped gases. Using the stoichiometric reactions between Fe-0 and NO3-, an average corrosion rate of 1.7 mmol kg(-1) d(-1) was derived for the test granular iron. This rate is 10 times greater than Feo oxidation by H2O alone, based on H-2 gas production. NO3- ion rather than H2O was the major oxidant in the groundwater in the absence of molecular O-2. The N-mass balance [e.g., N-2(g) and NH4+ and NO3-] suggests that abiotic reduction of NO3- dominated at the start of Feo treatment, whereas N-2 production became more important once the microbial activity began. These laboratory results closely predict N-2 gas production in a separated large column experiment that was operated for similar to 2 yr in the field, where a maximum of similar to 600 ml d(-1) gas volumes was detected, of which 99.5% (v/v) was N-2. We conclude that NO3- suppressed the production of H-2(g) by competing with water for Fe-0 oxidation, especially at the beginning of water treatment when Fe-0 is highly reactive. Depends on the groundwater composition, gas venting may be necessary in maintaining PRB performance in the field. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Liang, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM liangl@ornl.gov RI Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 3-4 BP 338 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.10.009 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 004UY UT WOS:000234779200008 PM 16337024 ER PT J AU Bielenberg, JR Brenner, H AF Bielenberg, JR Brenner, H TI A continuum model of thermal transpiration SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-PARTICLES; GAS; THERMOPHORESIS; CREEP; VELOCITIES; TRANSPORT; MOTION; SLIP AB Previous proposed modifications in the respective constitutive forms of the Newtonian deviatoric stress tensor and the no-slip boundary condition imposed upon viscous fluids at solid surfaces, wherein the fluid's mass velocity is replaced by its volume velocity, furnishes a complete continuum-hydrodynamic description of thermal transpiration phenomena occurring in a closed capillary tube filled with a single-component gas or liquid, the former at negligibly small Knudsen numbers. The resulting expression for the steady-state thermomolecular pressure difference Delta p existing between the two ends of the capillary, the latter maintained at different temperatures, is free of empirical parameters, such as Maxwell's thermal-slip coefficient, upon which current non-continuum theories of the phenomenon are based. The predicted Delta p (with the pressure highest at the hotter end) is shown to agree well with experimental data for gases in the near-continuum limit of vanishingly small Knudsen number. Also discussed is the experimentally observed lack of dependence of Delta p upon the physicochemical properties of the capillary walls, an observation which accords with the predictions of our theory. Our proposed volume velocity-based rationalization of the phenomenon of thermal transpiration offers a strictly continuum no-slip alternative to Maxwell's widely-accepted thermal creep explanation thereof, involving slip of the fluid's mass velocity at a non-isothermal surface. The agreement of our theoretical predictions of the thermomolecular pressure difference with experimental data, which is essentially indistinguishable in accuracy from that provided by Maxwell's thermal creep theory, provides further support for the viability of the generic volume velocity-based framework underlying our theory, the latter having recently been used to also rationalize related thermophoretic and diffusiophoretic phenomena in gases, as well as thermal diffusion in liquids. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, MEE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bielenberg, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, MEE, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 546 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1017/S0022112005006920 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 004FU UT WOS:000234738200001 ER PT J AU Teh, YA Silver, WL AF Teh, Yit Arn Silver, Whendee L. TI Effects of soil structure destruction on methane production and carbon partitioning between methanogenic pathways in tropical rain forest soils SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PUERTO-RICO; PADDY SOIL; BACTERIA; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; FRACTIONATION; METABOLISM; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; LUQUILLO; ACETATE AB [1] Controls on methanogenesis are often determined from laboratory incubations of soils converted to slurries. Destruction of soil structure during slurry conversion may disrupt syntrophic associations, kill methanogens, and/or alter the microsite distribution of methanogenic activity, suppressing CH4 production. The effects of slurry conversion on methanogenesis were investigated to determine if disruption of aggregate structure impacted methanogenesis, substrate utilization, and C partitioning between methanogenic pathways. Soils were collected from the tropical rain forest life zone of the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, and exposed to different physical disturbances, including flooding and physical homogenization. Slurry conversion negatively impacted methanogenesis. Rates of CH4 production declined by a factor of 17 after well-aggregated soils were converted to slurries. Significantly more C-13-acetate was recovered in CO2 compared to CH4 after slurry conversion, suggesting that methanogens consumed less acetate after slurry conversion and may have competed less effectively with other anaerobes for acetate. Isotopic data indicate that the relative partitioning of C between aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic pathways was unchanged after slurry conversion. These data suggest that experiments which destroy soil structure may significantly underestimate methanogenesis and overestimate the potential for other microorganisms to compete with methanogens for organic substrates. Current knowledge of the factors that regulate methanogenesis in soil may be biased by the findings of slurry-based experiments, that do not accurately represent the complex, spatially heterogeneous conditions found in well-aggregated soils. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Teh, YA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yit@nature.berkeley.edu RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Teh, Yit Arn/K-3812-2013 OI Teh, Yit Arn/0000-0001-7976-6794 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G1 AR G01003 DI 10.1029/2005JG000020 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 090WU UT WOS:000240985300003 ER PT J AU Ball, ZT Sivula, K Frechet, JMJ AF Ball, ZT Sivula, K Frechet, JMJ TI Well-defined fullerene-containing homopolymers and diblock copolymers with high fullerene content and their use for solution-phase and bulk organization SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID OPENING-METATHESIS POLYMERIZATION; AGGREGATION BEHAVIOR; NANOCLUSTERS; POLYMERS; CATALYST; CELLS AB A fullerene-containing norbomene derivative is used for ring-opening metathesis polymerization to synthesize living polymers with high fullerene content. Incorporation of fullerene at every repeat of a small monomer allows high fullerene content and short inter-fullerene distances in a soluble polymer. The living nature of the polymerization also allows the synthesis of diblock copolymers, which exhibit micellar aggregation in solution and phase separation with interpenetrating C-60-domains in a thin film upon TEM imaging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 718 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu RI sivula, kevin/I-2250-2013; Ball, Zachary/I-7715-2014; OI Ball, Zachary/0000-0002-8681-0789; Sivula, Kevin/0000-0002-8458-0270; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 1 BP 70 EP 72 DI 10.1021/ma052325b PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 000ZA UT WOS:000234500100015 ER PT J AU Qiu, WL Sworen, J Pyda, M Nowak-Pyda, E Habenschuss, A Wagener, KB Wunderlich, B AF Qiu, WL Sworen, J Pyda, M Nowak-Pyda, E Habenschuss, A Wagener, KB Wunderlich, B TI Effect of the precise branching of polyethylene at each 21st CH2 group on its phase transitions, crystal structure, and morphology SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; EXTENDED-CHAIN CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED CALORIMETRY; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HEAT-CAPACITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MOLAR-MASS; GEL-SPUN; CRYSTALLIZATION; MACROMOLECULES AB Three linear polyethylenes with branches at every 21st backbone atom have been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and quasi-isothermal, temperature-modulated DSC. The branches were methyl (PE1M), dimethyl (PE2M), and ethyl groups (PE1E). Linear polyethylene (HDPE) and atactic poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PODA) were also analyzed. All were compared to a random poly(ethylene-co-octene-1) of similar branch concentration (LLDPE) and poly(4,4'-phthaloimidobenzoyldoeicosyleneoxycarbonyl) (PEIM-22). The HDPE has the highest melting temperature and crystallinity with relatively large contributions of reversing melting when grown as folded-chain crystals. The precisely branched polyethylenes and copolymers have lower melting temperatures and heats of fusion. Of the branched samples, PE1M crystallizes more readily, followed by PE1E and PE2M, with PE2M showing cold crystallization. In contrast to paraffins of equal length which melt fully reversibly, the precisely designed, branched polymers melt largely irreversibly with small amounts of reversing melting, which is least for the best-grown crystals. The PE1M forms monoclinic, PE1E, pseudohexagonal, or triclinic crystals, and PE2M has a multitude of crystal structures. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Ctr Macromol Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Dupont Res & Dev, Jackson Lab, Deepwater, NJ 08023 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Wunderlich@CharterTN.net NR 61 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 1 BP 204 EP 217 DI 10.1021/ma052010w PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 000ZA UT WOS:000234500100032 ER PT J AU Sun, XG Kerr, JB AF Sun, XG Kerr, JB TI Synthesis and characterization of network single ion conductors based on comb-branched polyepoxide ethers and lithium bis(allylmalonato)borate SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYMER GEL ELECTROLYTES; ACID-IN-CHAIN; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; SIDE-CHAINS; VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; GLASS-TRANSITION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SULFONATE GROUPS AB Network single ion conductors (NSICs) based on comb-branch polyepoxide ethers and lithium bis(allylmalonato) borate have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized by means of ionic conductivity measurements, electrochemical impedance, and cycling in symmetrical Li/Li half cells, Li/V6O13 full cells in which a NSIC was used as both binder and electrolyte in the cathode electrode and as the electrolyte separator membrane, and by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The substitution of the trimethylene oxide (TMO) unit into the side chains in place of ethylene oxide (130) units increased the polymer-ion mobility (lower glass transition temperature). However, the ionic conductivity was nearly one and half orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding pure EO-based single ion conductor at the same salt concentration, which may be ascribed to the lower dielectric constant of the TMO side chains that result in a lower concentration of free conducting lithium cations. For a highly cross-linked system (EO/Li = 20), only 47 wt % plasticizing solvent (ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), l/l by wt) could be taken up, and the ionic conductivity was only increased by I order of magnitude over the dry polyelectrolyte, while for a less densely cross-linked system (EO/Li = 80), up to 75 wt % plasticizer could be taken up and the ionic conductivity was increased by nearly 2 orders of magnitude. A Li/Li symmetric cell that was cycled at 85 degrees C at a current density of 25 mu A cm(-2) showed no concentration polarization or diffusional relaxation, which was consistent with a lithium ion transference number of 1. However, both the bulk and interfacial impedance increased after 20 cycles, which was apparently due to continued cross-linking reactions within the membrane and on the surface of the lithium electrodes. A Li/V6O13 full cell constructed using a single ion conductor gel (propylene carbonate (PC)/EMC, 1/1 in wt) was cycled at 25 degrees C at a current density of 25 mu A cm(-2) and showed an initial capacity of 268 mAh g(-1) of V6O13, which stabilized at around 200 mAh g(-1) after the first 20 cycles. During the DMA measurements on the NSICs, it was found that besides the main g, ass transition (a transition) there was a distinct secondary glass transition (P transition) for NSICs having five EO units in the side chains, while this (the secondary transition) was not clearly visible in the network single ion conductors (NSICs) with shorter side chains (two, three, and four EO units). The main glass transition (alpha transition) was attributed to the whole network structure of the single ion conductors and secondary,glass transition (beta transition) appeared to be due to the complexation of lithium by the side-chain chains. Both the main glass transition and the secondary transition were found to shift to higher temperature with increasing salt concentration. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kerr, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbkerr@lbl.gov NR 70 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 1 BP 362 EP 372 DI 10.1021/ma0507701 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 000ZA UT WOS:000234500100054 ER PT J AU Bowman, JM Huang, XC Harding, LB Carter, S AF Bowman, JM Huang, XC Harding, LB Carter, S TI The determination of molecular properties from MULTIMODE with an application to the calculation of Franck-Condon factors for photoionization of CF3 to CF3+ SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THEORETICAL CALCULATION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; BASIS-SETS; ENERGIES; SPECTRA; CODE; INTENSITIES; RADICALS; AMMONIA; C2D AB Extensions to the code MULTIMODE to obtain rovibrational wave functions and properties are described. An application of these new capabilities is made to a calculation of the Franck-Condon factors for photoionization of CF3 to CF3+. These calculations make use of a new, full-dimensional ab initio potential energy surface, which is also described here. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Reading, Dept Chem, Reading RG6 2AD, Berks, England. RP Bowman, JM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jmbowma@emory.edu RI HUANG, XINCHUAN/A-3266-2013 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 BP 33 EP 45 DI 10.1080/00268970500373296 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 009YO UT WOS:000235149800004 ER PT J AU Yu, HG Sears, TJ Muckerman, JT AF Yu, HG Sears, TJ Muckerman, JT TI Potential energy surfaces and vibrational energy levels of DCCl and HCCl in three low-lying states SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM; SINGLET TRIPLET GAPS; SUBSTITUTED CARBENES; GEOMETRIC PHASE; TRANSITIONS; APPROXIMATION; HALOCARBENES; MOLECULES AB We present ab initio multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations for the potential energy surfaces of HCCl in its three low-lying electronic states (X(1)A', a(3)A" and A(1)A"), and for the spin-orbit coupling between the X and a states. The two singlet states become a degenerate (1)Delta state in collinear geometries. The potential energy surfaces are interpolated from 6075 MRCI energy points. The final surfaces are slightly adjusted using a coordinate and energy scaling approach. The resulting T-e value is 2122.0 cm(-1) for a(3)A" and 12209.8 cm(-1) for A(1)A". Vibrational energy levels of DCCl and HCCl are computed for the three states taking into account the Renner-Teller effect and the spin-orbit coupling. The calculated vibronic energy levels are in good agreement with the available experimental values. It is found that the spin-orbit effect is pronounced in the X and a states. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013; Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 OI Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154; NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1080/00268970500224689 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 009YO UT WOS:000235149800005 ER PT J AU Medvedev, DM Harding, LB Gray, SK AF Medvedev, DM Harding, LB Gray, SK TI Methyl radical: ab initio global potential surface, vibrational levels and partition function SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; AMPLITUDE NUCLEAR MOTION; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; STATE; CH3; PHOTODISSOCIATION; IMPLEMENTATION; DECOMPOSITION AB High-level multi-reference, configuration interaction calculations are performed on the CH3 system. Based on these results, an analytical, global potential energy surface capable of describing the H-2+CH((2)Pi) -> H+CH2((XB1)-B-3) reaction is developed. Employing this surface, and a Jacobi coordinates representation of the nuclear motion, the Lanczos method is used to calculate the lowest vibrational states of the methyl radical, CH3(X(2)A(2)). The lowest energy levels of the triplet methylene, CH2((XB1)-B-3), are also obtained. The CH3 levels associated with excitation of the v(2) out-of-plane umbrella motion display a strong quartic anharmonicity effect, in agreement with earlier experimental and theoretical results. A two-dimensional model based on coupling the umbrella and in-plane symmetric C-H stretch (v(1)) modes accounts for the v(2) level patterns. The impact of anharmonicity on the vibrational partition function is assessed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gray, SK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gray@anchim.chm.anl.gov NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2006 VL 104 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1080/00268970500238663 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 009YO UT WOS:000235149800008 ER PT J AU Hu, B Wu, Y Zhang, ZT Dai, S Shen, J AF Hu, B Wu, Y Zhang, ZT Dai, S Shen, J TI Effects of ferromagnetic nanowires on singlet and triplet exciton fractions in fluorescent and phosphorescent organic semiconductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; POLARON PAIRS; DEVICES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; INJECTION; EMISSION; POLYMERS AB We report a magnetic field-dependent electroluminescence (EL) induced by ferromagnetic Co53Pt47 nanowires in fluorescent conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2(')-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] and phosphorescent iridium-complex Ir(ppy)(3) molecules. The photoluminescence and EL studies indicate that the dispersed CoPt nanowires increase the singlet-to-triplet exciton ratio in organic semiconductors, suggesting that the spin-polarized holes were injected into the organic molecules from the CoPt nanowires under electrical excitation. Therefore, the use of ferromagnetic nanomaterials demonstrates a pathway to tune the optoelectronic properties that are related to singlet and triplet states in organic semiconducting materials. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bhu@utk.edu RI Hu, Bin/A-2954-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Hu, Bin/0000-0002-1573-7625; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 AR 022114 DI 10.1063/1.2162801 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JE UT WOS:000234606900040 ER PT J AU Kolluri, K Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Murthy, CS Maroudas, D AF Kolluri, K Zepeda-Ruiz, LA Murthy, CS Maroudas, D TI Kinetics of strain relaxation in Si1-xGex thin films on Si(100) substrates: Modeling and comparison with experiments SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; HETEROEPITAXY; STABILITY; CRYSTALS; DENSITY AB We report the results of a theoretical analysis for the kinetics of strain relaxation in Si1-xGex thin films grown epitaxially on Si(100) substrates. The analysis is based on a properly parametrized dislocation mean-field theoretical model describing plastic deformation dynamics due to threading dislocation propagation and addresses strain relaxation kinetics during both epitaxial growth and thermal annealing, including post-implantation annealing. Theoretical predictions for strain relaxation as a function of film thickness in Si0.80Ge0.20/Si(100) samples annealed after epitaxial growth either unimplanted or after He ion implantation are in excellent agreement with experimental measurements [J. Cai , J. Appl. Phys. 95, 5347 (2004)]. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Hopewell Junct, IBM Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Fishkill, NY 12533 USA. RP Maroudas, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM maroudas@ecs.umass.edu RI Kolluri, Kedarnath/D-5317-2011; kolluri, kedarnath/B-2678-2012 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 AR 021904 DI 10.1063/1.2162683 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JE UT WOS:000234606900015 ER PT J AU Liao, XZ Kilmametov, AR Valiev, RZ Gao, HS Li, XD Mukherjee, AK Bingert, JF Zhu, YT AF Liao, XZ Kilmametov, AR Valiev, RZ Gao, HS Li, XD Mukherjee, AK Bingert, JF Zhu, YT TI High-pressure torsion-induced grain growth in electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; NICKEL; COPPER; SIZE; MICROHARDNESS AB Deformation-induced grain growth has been reported in nanocrystalline (nc) materials under indentation and severe cyclic loading, but not under any other deformation mode. This raises an issue on critical conditions for grain growth in nc materials. This study investigates deformation-induced grain growth in electrodeposited nc Ni during high-pressure torsion (HPT). Our results indicate that high stress and severe plastic deformation are required for inducing grain growth, and the upper limit of grain size is determined by the deformation mode and parameters. Also, texture evolution suggests that grain-boundary-mediated mechanisms played a significant role in accommodating HPT strain. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ufa State Aviat Tech Univ, Inst Phys Adv Mat, Ufa 450000, Russia. Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yzhu@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Liao, Xiaozhou/B-3168-2009; Li, Xiaodong/B-6530-2008; Gao, Hongsheng/G-2460-2010 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Liao, Xiaozhou/0000-0001-8565-1758; NR 35 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 8 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 AR 021909 DI 10.1063/1.2159088 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JE UT WOS:000234606900020 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, D Nam, SW Hiskett, PA Peterson, CG Hughes, RJ Nordholt, JE Lita, AE Miller, AJ AF Rosenberg, D Nam, SW Hiskett, PA Peterson, CG Hughes, RJ Nordholt, JE Lita, AE Miller, AJ TI Quantum key distribution at telecom wavelengths with noise-free detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON INTERFERENCE; CRYPTOGRAPHY; FIBER AB The length of a secure link over which a quantum key can be distributed depends on the efficiency and dark-count rate of the detectors used at the receiver. We report on the first demonstration of quantum key distribution using superconducting transition-edge sensors with high efficiency and negligible dark-count rates. Using two methods of synchronization, a bright optical pulse scheme and an electrical signal scheme, we have successfully distributed key material at 1550 nm over 50 km of optical fiber. We discuss how use of these detectors in a quantum key distribution system can dramatically increase range and performance. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rosenberg, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rosenberg@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 AR 021108 DI 10.1063/1.2164307 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JE UT WOS:000234606900008 ER PT J AU Sefrioui, Z Cros, V Barthelemy, A Pena, V Leon, C Santamaria, J Varela, M Pennycook, SJ AF Sefrioui, Z Cros, V Barthelemy, A Pena, V Leon, C Santamaria, J Varela, M Pennycook, SJ TI Tunnel magnetoresistance in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/PrBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN POLARIZATION; JUNCTIONS; FILMS AB We report large tunneling magnetoresistance in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (8 nm)/PrBa2Cu3O7 (2.4 nm)/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (50 nm) junctions. The coherent growth of the cuprate on the manganite allows the deposition of ultrathin barriers which are continuous and flat over long lateral distances. Epitaxial strain causes the top layer to be a weaker ferromagnet without a significant decrease in the spin polarization. C1 Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Unite Mixte Phys, F-91767 Palaiseau, France. Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada 3, GFMC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sefrioui, Z (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Unite Mixte Phys, Route Dept 128, F-91767 Palaiseau, France. EM sefrioui@fis.ucm.es RI Leon, Carlos/A-5587-2008; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014; Santamaria, Jacobo/N-8783-2016; Sefrioui, Zouhair/C-2728-2017 OI Leon, Carlos/0000-0002-3262-1843; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004; Santamaria, Jacobo/0000-0003-4594-2686; Sefrioui, Zouhair/0000-0002-6703-3339 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 AR 022512 DI 10.1063/1.2162674 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JE UT WOS:000234606900053 ER PT J AU Shao, L Lin, Y Swadener, JG Lee, JK Jia, QX Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Alford, TL Mayer, JW Chen, P Lau, SS AF Shao, L Lin, Y Swadener, JG Lee, JK Jia, QX Wang, YQ Nastasi, M Thompson, PE Theodore, ND Alford, TL Mayer, JW Chen, P Lau, SS TI H-induced platelet and crack formation in hydrogenated epitaxial Si/Si0.98B0.02/Si structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; EXFOLIATION; NUCLEATION AB An approach to transfer a high-quality Si layer for the fabrication of silicon-on-insulator wafers has been proposed based on the investigation of platelet and crack formation in hydrogenated epitaxial Si/Si0.98B0.02/Si structures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. H-related defect formation during hydrogenation was found to be very sensitive to the thickness of the buried Si0.98B0.02 layer. For hydrogenated Si containing a 130 nm thick Si0.98B0.02 layer, no platelets or cracking were observed in the B-doped region. Upon reducing the thickness of the buried Si0.98B0.02 layer to 3 nm, localized continuous cracking was observed along the interface between the Si and the B-doped layers. In the latter case, the strains at the interface are believed to facilitate the (100)-oriented platelet formation and (100)-oriented crack propagation. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Freescale Semicond Inc, Adv Prod Res & Dev Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org RI Chen, Peng/H-3384-2012; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; lin, yuan/B-9955-2013 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 AR 021901 DI 10.1063/1.2163992 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JE UT WOS:000234606900012 ER PT J AU Sun, SY Sun, Y Liu, Z Lee, DI Peterson, S Pianetta, P AF Sun, SY Sun, Y Liu, Z Lee, DI Peterson, S Pianetta, P TI Surface termination and roughness of Ge(100) cleaned by HF and HCl solutions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN; SILICON; GE(111) AB Oxide removal from Ge(100) surfaces treated by HCl and HF solutions with different concentrations are systematically studied by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy (SR-PES). SR-PES results show that clean surfaces without any oxide can be obtained after wet chemical cleaning followed by vacuum annealing with a residual carbon contamination of less than 0.02 monolayer. HF etching leads to a hydrogen-terminated Ge surface whose hydrogen coverage is a function of the HF concentration. In contrast, HCl etching yields a chlorine-terminated surface. Possible etching mechanisms are discussed. Surface roughness after HF and HCl treatments is also investigated by atomic force microscopy which shows that HF treatment leaves a rougher surface than HCl. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Sun, SY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sysun@stanford.edu RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 NR 13 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 2 AR 021903 DI 10.1063/1.2162699 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 002JE UT WOS:000234606900014 ER PT J AU Xiao, HY Zu, XT Zhang, YF Gao, F AF Xiao, HY Zu, XT Zhang, YF Gao, F TI Adsorption of alkali metals on Ge(001)(2 x 1) surface SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-LAYER MODEL; AB-INITIO; COVERED SI(100); 2X1-K SURFACE; SI(001); STATES; CS; OVERLAYER; OXIDATION; EXCHANGE AB Ab initio total energy calculations have been performed for Na, K and Rb adsorption on Ge(001)(2 x 1) surface. It was found that the adsorption site of AM is AM size dependent. Structural analysis showed that the Ge-Ge dimer bond becomes stronger with increasing AM size. As the coverage increases from 0.5 to 1 ML it turns out that no depolarization effect occurs upon Na adsorption, while this effect becomes more important with increasing AM size. We also found that for all adsorption systems investigated the germanium surface is metallic and semiconducting for the coverage of 0.5 and I ML, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Elect Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. Fuzhou Univ, Dept Chem, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zu, XT (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM xiaotaozu@yahoo.com RI Xiao, Haiyan/A-1450-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 417 IS 1-3 BP 6 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.103 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 001JW UT WOS:000234530400002 ER PT J AU Li, B Corbett, JD AF Li, B Corbett, JD TI Syntheses, structure, and bonding of Rb-14(Mg1-xInx)(30). A nonstoichiometric phase with an unusual substitution in the anion framework SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METALLIC ZINTL PHASE; INDIUM CLUSTERS; NETWORK; COMPOUND; RB; CS; LAYERS; TL-11(7-); ELEMENTS; ANALOGS AB The title compound Rb-14(Mg1-xInx)(30) (x = 0.79-0.88) has been obtained from high-temperature reactions of the elements in welded Ta tubes. There is no analogous binary compound without Mg. The crystal structure established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction means (space group P (6) over bar 2m (No. 189), Z = 1 and a = b = 10.1593(3) angstrom, c = 17.783(1) angstrom for x = 0.851) features two distinct types of anionic layers: isolated pentacapped trigonal prismatic In-11(7-) clusters and condensed [(MgxIn1-x)(5)In-14](7-) layers. The latter consists of analogous M-11 (M = Mg/In) fragments that share prismatic edges and are interbridged by trigonal M-3 units. The structure shows substantial differences from related A(15)TI(27) (A = Rb, Cs) in which the cation A that centers a six-membered ring of TI11 fragments is replaced by M-3. Both linear muffin-tin orbital and extended Huckel calculations are used to analyze the observed phase width and site preferences. We further utilize the results to rationalize the distortion of the M-11 fragment in the condensed layer and also to correlate with electrical properties. An isomorphous phase region (RbyK1-y)(14)(Mg1-xInx)(30) (y = 0.52, 0.66 for x = 0.79) is also formed. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jcorbett@iastate.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 156 EP 161 DI 10.1021/ic0514290 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 000HF UT WOS:000234451200020 PM 16390051 ER PT J AU Ganguli, AK Gupta, S Corbett, JD AF Ganguli, AK Gupta, S Corbett, JD TI New tetragonal structure type for A(2)Ca(10)Sb(9) (A = Li, Mg). Electronic variability around a zintl phase SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BA; SYSTEMS; CA; SR; PB; CLUSTERS; METALS; LA3IN5; TIN; EU AB The phases LiMgCa10Sb9 (1), Mg2Ca10Sb9 (2), and Li1.38(2)Ca10.62Sb9 (3) have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state means and characterized by single-crystal means and property measurements. These occur in space group P4(2)/mnm, Z = 4, with a = 11.8658(5), 11.8438(6), 11.9053(7) angstrom and c = 17.181(2), 17.297(2), 17.152(2) angstrom, respectively, The two types of A atoms occupy characteristic sites in a Ca-Sb network that contains a 5:2 proportion of (formal) Sb3- and Sb-2(4-) anions and can be described in terms of two slab types stacked along [001]. Bonding appears to be strong in these salts with generally normal distances and high coordination numbers except for the 4-bonded atoms in a C-2v position for the second type of A that is occupied by Li, Mg or Ca0.62(2)Li0.38, respectively. The three compounds are, respectively, an ideal electron-precise Zintl phase, one e(-)-rich and 0.40(4) e(-)-short per formula unit. The LiMgCa10Sb9 compound is correspondingly diamagnetic and presumably a semiconductor. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ganguli, AK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ashok@chemistry.iitd.ernet.in; jcorbett@iastate.edu RI Gupta, Shalabh/H-6214-2012 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 1 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1021/ic051536u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 000HF UT WOS:000234451200025 PM 16390056 ER PT J AU Aprahamian, A Wu, X Lesher, SR Warner, DD Gelletly, W Borner, HG Hoyler, F Schreckenbach, K Casten, RF Shi, ZR Kusnezov, D Ibrahim, M Macchiavelli, AO Brinkman, MA Becker, JA AF Aprahamian, A Wu, X Lesher, SR Warner, DD Gelletly, W Borner, HG Hoyler, F Schreckenbach, K Casten, RF Shi, ZR Kusnezov, D Ibrahim, M Macchiavelli, AO Brinkman, MA Becker, JA TI Complete spectroscopy of the Dy-162 nucleus SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions; Dy-161(n,gamma), E=0.03-2 MeV; measured E gamma, I gamma, E(ce), I(ce); Gd-160 (alpha, 2n), E=256 MeV; measured E gamma, I gamma, gamma gamma-coin; Dy-162 deduced levels, K, J, pi, lCC, configurations, collective features; complete spectroscopy, Ritz combination principle ID INTERACTING BOSON APPROXIMATION; HIGH-FLUX REACTOR; OCTUPOLE STATES; COLLECTIVE STATES; DEFORMED-NUCLEI; DECAY; EXCITATION; MODEL; BAND; GRENOBLE AB States in Dy-162 have been populated by (n,gamma), (n, e(-)), and (alpha, 2n) reactions in order to characterize a complete set of low K bands below 2 MeV. The (n, gamma) and (n, e(-)) measurements were made using high precision curved crystal and beta(-) spectrometers. Gamma-gamma coincidence and DCO measurements were made following the (alpha, 2n) reaction using all array of Compton-suppressed Ge detectors. Using all these data and employing the Ritz combination principle, a level scheme was developed which represents one of the most complete and extensive spectra of levels available for comparison with nuclear models. The observed positive and negative parity bands are discussed in terms of collective quadrupole and octupole vibrational excitations as well as 2 quasi-particle excitations. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Inst Struct & Nucl Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aprahamian, A (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Inst Struct & Nucl Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM ani.aprahamian.1@nd.edu NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 764 BP 42 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.09.020 PG 37 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 001ZB UT WOS:000234580100004 ER PT J AU Bencheikh, K Bartel, J Quentin, P AF Bencheikh, K Bartel, J Quentin, P TI Semiclassical description of finite fermion systems at finite temperature in a generalised Routhian approach SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE finite fermion systems; semiclassical methods; grand canonical approach; collective rotations; moments of inertia ID GIANT-DIPOLE RESONANCE; HOT ROTATING NUCLEI; SELF-CONSISTENT CALCULATIONS; FOCK-BOGOLIUBOV APPROXIMATION; SEMI-CLASSICAL APPROXIMATIONS; DENSITY-MATRIX EXPANSION; HIGHLY EXCITED NUCLEI; SHAPE TRANSITIONS; SKYRMES INTERACTION; HIGH-EXCITATION AB A semiclassical description at finite temperature is presented for an N fermion system experiencing velocity fields coupling to the linear momentum of each of the particles. Spin degrees of freedom are also considered. Analytical expressions are derived for various local and integrated physical quantities in the framework of the Extended Thomas-Fermi method. Low and high-temperature limits are carefully examined. This formalism is then applied to the particular case of hot rotating nuclei. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Univ Setif, Dept Phys, Dept Phys Quant & Syst Dynam, Setif, Algeria. CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33077 Bordeaux, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France. Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bartel, J (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Rech Subatom, Strasbourg, France. EM johann.bartel@ires.in2p3.fr NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 764 BP 79 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.08.018 PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 001ZB UT WOS:000234580100005 ER PT J AU MacLachlan, G Aghalaryan, A Ahmidouch, A Anderson, BD Asaturyan, R Baker, O Baldwin, AR Barkhuff, D Breuer, H Carlini, R Christy, E Churchwell, S Cole, L Crouse, E Danagoulian, S Day, D Eden, T Elaasar, M Ent, R Farkhondeh, M Fenker, H Finn, JM Gan, L Garrow, K Gueye, P Howell, CR Hu, B Jones, MK Kelly, JJ Keppel, C Khandaker, M Kim, WY Kowalski, S Lai, A Lung, A Mack, D Madey, R Manley, DM Markowitz, P Mitchell, J Mkrtchyan, H Opper, AK Plaster, B Perdrisat, C Punjabi, V Raue, B Reichelt, T Reinhold, J Roche, J Sato, Y Savvinov, N Semenov, AY Semenova, IA Seo, W Simicevic, N Smith, G Taylor, S Stepanyan, S Tadevosyan, V Tajima, S Tang, L Tireman, W Ulmer, PE Vulcan, W Watson, JW Wells, SP Wesselmann, F Wood, S Yan, C Yan, CY Yang, S Yuan, L Zhang, WM Zhu, H Zhu, X AF MacLachlan, G Aghalaryan, A Ahmidouch, A Anderson, BD Asaturyan, R Baker, O Baldwin, AR Barkhuff, D Breuer, H Carlini, R Christy, E Churchwell, S Cole, L Crouse, E Danagoulian, S Day, D Eden, T Elaasar, M Ent, R Farkhondeh, M Fenker, H Finn, JM Gan, L Garrow, K Gueye, P Howell, CR Hu, B Jones, MK Kelly, JJ Keppel, C Khandaker, M Kim, WY Kowalski, S Lai, A Lung, A Mack, D Madey, R Manley, DM Markowitz, P Mitchell, J Mkrtchyan, H Opper, AK Plaster, B Perdrisat, C Punjabi, V Raue, B Reichelt, T Reinhold, J Roche, J Sato, Y Savvinov, N Semenov, AY Semenova, IA Seo, W Simicevic, N Smith, G Taylor, S Stepanyan, S Tadevosyan, V Tajima, S Tang, L Tireman, W Ulmer, PE Vulcan, W Watson, JW Wells, SP Wesselmann, F Wood, S Yan, C Yan, CY Yang, S Yuan, L Zhang, WM Zhu, H Zhu, X TI The ratio of proton electromagnetic form factors via recoil polarimetry at Q(2)=1.13 (GeV/c)(2) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR REACTIONS H-1(polarized e, e ' p), E=2329 MeV; measured recoil proton spectra, polarization; H-1 deduced ratio of electromagnetic form factors ID POLARIZATION TRANSFER; SCATTERING AB Recoil polarimetry was used to extract the ratio of the proton electromagnetic form factors, mu(p)G(E)(p)/G(M)(p) = 0.878 +/- 0.064(stat) 0.012(sys), at Q(2) = 1.13 (GeV/c)(2) from the reaction H-1((e) over right arrow ,e (p) over right arrow). This was an ancillary measurement in which the proton polarization was determined as part of a larger program utilizing a stand-alone polarimeter designed to measure mu(n)G(E)(n)/G(M)(n). This measurement complements previous recoil polarimetry measurements of mu(p)G(E)(p)/G(M)(p) made at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375306, Armenia. N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. TUNL, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. So Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Rheinische Freidrich Wilhelms Univ, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP MacLachlan, G (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM maclach@jlab.org RI Zhu, Xiaofeng/B-9493-2011; Day, Donal/C-5020-2015; OI Day, Donal/0000-0001-7126-8934; Wesselmann, Frank/0000-0001-7834-7977 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 764 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.09.012 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 001ZB UT WOS:000234580100015 ER PT J AU Hatta, Y Iancu, E McLerran, L Stasto, A Triantafyllopoulos, DN AF Hatta, Y Iancu, E McLerran, L Stasto, A Triantafyllopoulos, DN TI Effective Hamiltonian for QCD evolution at high energy SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; WEIZSACKER-WILLIAMS FIELD; SMALL-X; LARGE NUCLEUS; BFKL POMERON; N-C; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; PERTURBATIVE QCD; SCATTERING AB We construct the effective Hamiltonian which governs the renormalization group flow of the gluon distribution with increasing energy and in the leading logarithmic approximation. This Hamiltonian defines a two-dimensional field theory which involves two types of Wilson lines: longitudinal Wilson lines which describe gluon recombination (or merging) and temporal Wilson lines which account for gluon bremsstrahlung (or splitting). The Hamiltonian is self-dual, i.e., it is invariant under the exchange of the two types of Wilson lines. In the high density regime where one can neglect gluon number fluctuations, the general Hamiltonian reduces to that for the JIMWLK evolution. In the dilute regime where gluon recombination becomes unimportant, it reduces to the dual partner of the JIMWLK Hamiltonian, which describes bremsstrahlung. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. RP Iancu, E (reprint author), Serv Phys Theor, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM iancu@spht.saclay.cea.fr RI Triantafyllopoulos, Dionysios/J-2052-2014 OI Triantafyllopoulos, Dionysios/0000-0002-0952-4201 NR 58 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 9 PY 2006 VL 764 BP 423 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.09.006 PG 37 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 001ZB UT WOS:000234580100023 ER PT J AU Floryk, D Huberman, E AF Floryk, D Huberman, E TI Mycophenolic acid-induced replication arrest, differentiation markers and cell death of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells DU145 SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE differentiation therapy; DU145; IMPDH inhibitors; mycophenolic acid; mycophenolate mofetil; prostate cancer ID EXTRACELLULAR ORGANELLES PROSTASOMES; HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA; HUMAN-SEMEN; BENZAMIDE RIBOSIDE; IMP DEHYDROGENASE; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; LINES; APOPTOSIS; LNCAP AB Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors including mycophenolic acid (MPA) are effective inducers of terminal differentiation in a variety of distinct human tumor cell types. Here, we report that MPA also induces such a differentiation in the androgen-independent prostate cancer derived cell line DU145. MPA evoked replication arrest and accumulation of the DU145 cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. The inhibitor also induced the expression of CD55, clusterin, granulophysin, glucose-regulated protein 78, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and prostate-specific transglutaminase, which are differentiation markers associated with the phenotype of normal prostate cells. We suggest that inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, which are already used for the treatment of other diseases, may be used as potential differentiation therapy drugs to control prostate cancer. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Gene Express Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Huberman, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Gene Express Grp, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM elih@anl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 80826] NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD JAN 8 PY 2006 VL 231 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.01.006 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 002PD UT WOS:000234622600003 PM 16356827 ER PT J AU Komissarov, AV Minitti, MP Suits, AG Hall, GE AF Komissarov, AV Minitti, MP Suits, AG Hall, GE TI Correlated product distributions from ketene dissociation measured by dc sliced ion imaging SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR REACTIONS; STATISTICAL-THEORIES; STATE DISTRIBUTION; CHEMICAL KINETICS; TRANSITION-STATES; BRANCHING RATIO; SINGLET KETENE; BOND-BREAKING; PHOTODISSOCIATION; FRAGMENTATION AB Speed distributions of spectroscopically selected CO photoproducts of 308 nm ketene photodissociation have been measured by dc sliced ion imaging. Structured speed distributions are observed that match the clumps and gaps in the singlet CH2 rotational density of states. The effects of finite time gates in sliced ion imaging are important for the accurate treatment of quasicontinuous velocity distributions extending into the thickly sliced and fully projected regime, and an inversion algorithm has been implemented for the special case of isotropic fragmentation. With accurate velocity calibration and careful treatment of the velocity resolution, the new method allows us to characterize the coincident rotational state distribution of CH2 states as a smoothly varying deviation from an unbiased phase space theory (PST) limit, similar to a linear-surprisal analysis. High-energy rotational states of CH2 are underrepresented compared to PST in coincidence with all detected CO rotational states. There is no evidence for suppression of the fastest channels, as had been reported in two previous studies of this system by other techniques. The relative contributions of ground and first vibrationally excited singlet CH2 states in coincidence with selected rotational states of CO (upsilon=0) are well resolved and in remarkably good agreement with PST, despite large deviations from the PST rotational distributions in the CH2 fragments. At 308 nm, the singlet CH2 (upsilon(2)=0) and (upsilon(2)=1) channels are 2350 and 1000 cm(-1) above their respective thresholds. The observed vibrational branching is consistent with saturation at increasing energies of the energy-dependent suppression of rates with respect to the PST limit, attributed to a tightening variational transition state. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Hall, GE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gehall@bnl.gov RI Hall, Gregory/D-4883-2013 OI Hall, Gregory/0000-0002-8534-9783 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 124 IS 1 AR 014303 DI 10.1063/1.2137312 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 999YU UT WOS:000234428900017 PM 16409032 ER PT J AU Henderson, MG Reeves, GD Skoug, R Thomsen, MF Denton, MH Mende, SB Immel, TJ Brandt, PC Singer, HJ AF Henderson, MG Reeves, GD Skoug, R Thomsen, MF Denton, MH Mende, SB Immel, TJ Brandt, PC Singer, HJ TI Magnetospheric and auroral activity during the 18 April 2002 sawtooth event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SUBSTORMS; PRESSURE; MODEL; BOUNDARY; CDAW-9; DRIVEN; IMAGES AB [1] We examine the 18 April 2002 sawtooth event. We find that the strong magnetic field dipolarizations observed in association with each tooth are not global in occurrence but are rather confined to the nightside. In addition, we find that the flux increases are not globally dispersionless. Instead, each tooth is associated with a nonglobal, but wider-than-usual, dispersionless injection region that is consistent with the high Kp versions of the standard injection boundary model ( which places the entire nightside segment of geosynchronous orbit tailward of the injection boundary for values of Kp above about 5). We also find evidence that at least one of the teeth was likely triggered by a pressure pulse. The auroral distribution shows a repeatable evolution in which a wide double-oval configuration gradually thins. Following this, a localized substorm-like brightening in the dusk to midnight sector occurs on the lower branch of the double oval which subsequently expands rapidly poleward and azimuthally. A new expanded double oval configuration emerges from this expansion phase activity and the cycle repeats itself for the duration of the sawtooth event. The observations presented give considerable support to the contention that sawtooth events are actually sequences of quasi-periodic substorms. We suggest that sawtooth events can be viewed as a magnetospheric mode similar to Steady Magnetospheric Convection intervals (SMCs) except that for sawtooth events, the flow of energy from the solar wind into the magnetosphere becomes too large to dissipate with out the periodic occurrence of substorms. We further suggest that the quasi-periodicity arises because the magnetosphere may only become susceptible to external or internal triggering after it has been driven beyond a stability threshold. This hypothesis can account for the existence of more potential external triggers ( in the interplanetary magnetic field or solar wind) than teeth in that the magnetosphere may be selectively responsive to them. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Henderson, MG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mghenderson@lanl.gov RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306; Denton, Michael/0000-0002-1748-3710 NR 31 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A1 AR A01S90 DI 10.1029/2005JA011111 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 001CJ UT WOS:000234510500001 ER PT J AU Skoug, RM Gosling, JT McComas, DJ Smith, CW Hu, Q AF Skoug, RM Gosling, JT McComas, DJ Smith, CW Hu, Q TI Suprathermal electron 90 degrees pitch angle depletions at reverse shocks in the solar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; EARTHS BOW SHOCK; MAGNETIC-FIELD; WIND; UPSTREAM; EVENTS; CONNECTION; ISEE-3; WAVES AB [1] ACE/SWEPAM suprathermal electron pitch angle distributions often show depletions centered on and symmetric about 90 degree pitch angle. It has been suggested that these distributions can arise from a combination of focusing and mirroring of electrons associated with connection to magnetic field enhancements beyond the spacecraft. Assuming adiabatic particle motions, the width of the depletion in pitch angle is predicted to be a function of the strength of the magnetic field enhancement relative to the field at the measurement location. In this work, we test this model of depletion formation by examining depletions upstream from reverse shocks observed by ACE. Roughly symmetric depletions centered on 90 degree pitch angle were observed upstream from each of the 20 reverse shocks encountered by ACE from February 1998 to February 2003. In addition, the widths of the shock-associated depletions are consistent with formation by adiabatic focusing and mirroring of electrons, providing strong support for the validity of this model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SW Res Inst, Instrumentat & Space Res Div, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Skoug, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rskoug@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A1 AR A01101 DI 10.1029/2005JA011316 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 001CJ UT WOS:000234510500002 ER PT J AU Meredith, P Powell, BJ Riesz, J Nighswander-Rempel, SP Pederson, MR Moore, EG AF Meredith, P Powell, BJ Riesz, J Nighswander-Rempel, SP Pederson, MR Moore, EG TI Towards structure-property-function relationships for eumelanin SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Review ID 5,6-DIHYDROXYINDOLE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID; RADIATIVE RELAXATION; SYNTHETIC EUMELANIN; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; MELANIN MONOMERS; BAND-STRUCTURE; DOPA-MELANIN; FLUORESCENCE; EXCITATION; 5,6-INDOLEQUINONE AB We discuss recent progress towards the establishment of important structure-property-function relationships in eumelanins-key functional bio-macromolecular systems responsible for photoprotection and immune response in humans, and implicated in the development of melanoma skin cancer. We focus on the link between eumelanin's secondary structure and optical properties such as broad band UV-visible absorption and strong non-radiative relaxation; both key features of the photo-protective function. We emphasise the insights gained through a holistic approach combining optical spectroscopy with first principles quantum chemical calculations, and advance the hypothesis that the robust functionality characteristic of eumelanin is related to extreme chemical and structural disorder at the secondary level. This inherent disorder is a low cost natural resource, and it is interesting to speculate as to whether it may play a role in other functional bio-macromolecular systems. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Soft Condensed Matter Phys Grp, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Queensland, Theory Condensed Matter Phys Grp, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meredith, P (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Soft Condensed Matter Phys Grp, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM meredith@physics.uq.edu.au RI Powell, Benjamin/B-1281-2009; Meredith, Paul/E-6092-2013 OI Powell, Benjamin/0000-0002-5161-1317; NR 42 TC 155 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PD JAN 7 PY 2006 VL 2 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1039/b511922g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 002BM UT WOS:000234586400006 ER PT J AU Erwin, PA Mitchell, DA Sartoretto, J Marletta, MA Michel, T AF Erwin, PA Mitchell, DA Sartoretto, J Marletta, MA Michel, T TI Subcellular targeting and differential S-nitrosylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMALEMMAL CAVEOLAE; CELLS; ACTIVATION; RECEPTOR; PHOSPHORYLATION; PALMITOYLATION; NITROSOTHIOLS; NITROSATION; STABILITY; ENZYME AB Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) undergoes a complex pattern of post-translational modifications that regulate its activity. We have recently reported that eNOS is constitutively S-nitrosylated in endothelial cells and that agonists promote eNOS denitrosylation concomitant with enzyme activation (Erwin, P. A., Lin, A. J., Golan, D. E., and Michel, T. (2005), J. Biol. Chem. 280, 19888 - 19894). In the present studies, we use mass spectrometry to confirm that the zinc-tetrathiolate cysteines of eNOS are S-nitrosylated. eNOS targeting to the plasma membrane is necessary for enzyme S-nitrosylation, and we report that translocation between cellular compartments is necessary for dynamic eNOS S-nitrosylation. We transfected cells with cDNA encoding wildtype eNOS, which is membrane-targeted, or with acylation-deficient mutant eNOS (Myr(-)), which is expressed solely in the cytosol. While wild-type eNOS is robustly S-nitrosylated, we found that S-nitrosylation of the Myr(-) eNOS mutant is nearly abolished. When we transfected cells with a fusion protein in which Myr(-) eNOS is ligated to the CD8-transmembrane domain (CD8-Myr(-)), we found that CD8-Myr(-) eNOS, which does not undergo dynamic subcellular translocation, is hypernitrosylated relative to wild-type eNOS. Furthermore, we found that when endothelial cells transfected with wild-type or CD8-Myr(-) eNOS are stimulated with eNOS agonist, only wild-type eNOS is denitrosylated; CD8-Myr(-) eNOSS-nitrosylation is unchanged. These findings indicate that subcellular targeting is a critical determinant of eNOS S-nitrosylation. Finally, we show that eNOS S-nitrosylation can be detected in intact arterial preparations from mouse and that eNOS S-nitrosylation is a dynamic agonist-modulated process in intact blood vessels. These studies suggest that receptor-regulated eNOSS-nitrosylation may represent an important determinant of NO-dependent signaling in the vascular wall. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Cardiovasc, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Phys Biosci, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02132 USA. RP Michel, T (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Div Cardiovasc, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Thorn Bldg,1210A,75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM tmichel@research.bwh.harvard.edu RI Mitchell, Doug/B-6349-2012; Mitchell, Douglas/C-4400-2011; OI Mitchell, Doug/0000-0002-9564-0953; sartoretto, juliano/0000-0002-0355-5541 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL46457, HL48743] NR 38 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 1 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1074/jbc.M510421200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 998GS UT WOS:000234307200022 PM 16286475 ER PT J AU Jiang, JS Daniels, BV Fu, D AF Jiang, JS Daniels, BV Fu, D TI Crystal structure of AqpZ tetramer reveals two distinct Arg-189 conformations associated with water permeation through the narrowest constriction of the water-conducting channel SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AQUAPORIN-0; SELECTIVITY; DYNAMICS; PROTEIN; FAMILY; GLPF AB AqpZ is a homotetramer of four water-conducting channels that facilitate rapid water movements across the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli. Here we report a 3.2 angstrom crystal structure of the tetrameric AqpZ (tAqpZ). All channel- lining residues in the four monomeric channels are found orientated in nearly identical positions with one marked exception at the narrowest channel constriction, where the side chain of a highly conserved Arg-189 adopts two distinct conformational orientations. In one of the four monomers, the guanidino group of Arg-189 points toward the periplasmic vestibule, opening up the constriction to accommodate the binding of a water molecule through a tridentate H-bond. In the other three monomers, the Arg-189 guanidino group bends over to form an H-bond with carbonyl oxygen of the Thr-183, thus occluding the channel. Therefore, the tAqpZ structure reveals two distinct Arg-189 confirmations associated with water permeation through the channel constrictions. Alternation between the two Arg-189 conformations disrupts continuous flow of water, thus regulating the open probability of the water pore. Further, the difference in Arg-189 displacements is correlated with a strong electron density found between the first transmembrane helices of two open channels, suggesting that the observed Arg-189 conformations are stabilized by asymmetrical subunit interactions in tAqpZ. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fu, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dax@bnl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM65137] NR 22 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 1 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1074/jbc.M508926200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 998GS UT WOS:000234307200056 PM 16239219 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Kaczmarski, K Guiochon, G AF Kim, HJ Kaczmarski, K Guiochon, G TI Thermodynamic analysis of the heterogenous binding sites of molecularly imprinted polymers SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Fmoc-L-tryptophan imprinted polymers; frontal analysis; isotherm parameters; affinity distribution; heterogeneous binding sites; temperatures; overloaded band profiles; enantiomer selectivity; Van't Hoff plot; entropy; enthalpy ID EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION METHOD; PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHIRAL STATIONARY-PHASE; ADSORPTION ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ORGANIC MODIFIER; TEMPERATURE; ENANTIOMERS; SELECTIVITY; RETENTION; SEPARATION AB The thermodynamic interactions of two polymers, one Fmoc-L-Trp-imprinted (MIP), the other one an unimprinted reference (NIP), with the two Fmoc-tryptophan enantiomers were studied by frontal analysis, which allows accurate measurements of the adsorption isotherms. These isotherms were acquired at temperatures of 40, 50, 60, and 70 degrees C, for sample concentrations ranging between 0.005 and 40 mM. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile with one percent acetic acid as an organic modifier. Within the measured concentration ranges, the tri-Langmuir isotherm model accounts best for the isotherm data of both enantiomers on the MIP, the bi-Langmuir model for the isotherm data of Fmoc-L-Trp on the NIP. These isotherm models were selected using three independent processes: statistical tests on the results from regression of the isotherm data to different isotherm models; calculation of the affinity energy distribution from the raw isotherm data; comparison of the experimental and the calculated band profiles. The isotherm parameters obtained from these best selected isotherm models showed that the enantiomeric selectivity does not change significantly with temperature, while the affinity of the substrates for both the MIP and the NIP decrease considerably with increasing temperatures. These temperature effects on the binding performance of the MIP were clarified by considering the thermodynamic functions (i.e., the standard molar Gibbs free energy, the standard molar entropy of adsorption, and the standard molar enthalpy of adsorption) for each identified type of adsorption sites, derived from the Van't Hoff equation. This showed that the entropy of transfer of Fmoc-L-Trp from the mobile to the MIP stationary phase is the dominant driving force for the selective adsorption of Fmoc-L-Trp onto the enantioselective binding sites. This entropy does not change significantly with increasing temperatures from 40 to 70 degrees C. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rzeszow Univ Technol, Fac Chem, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 1101 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.092 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 002VI UT WOS:000234639600015 PM 16266707 ER PT J AU Asnin, L Kaumarski, K Felinger, A Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Asnin, L Kaumarski, K Felinger, A Gritti, F Guiochon, G TI Adsorption of the enantiomers of 3-chloro-1-phenyl-propanol on silica-bonded chiral quinidine carbamate SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE chiral stationary phase; quinidine carbamate; enantiomeric separation; 3-chloro-1-phenyl-propanol; adsorption isotherm; competitive adsorption ID EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION METHOD; CHROMATOGRAPHIC BAND PROFILES; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY-PHASE; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; HETEROGENEOUS ADSORPTION; CELLULOSE TRIBENZOATE; 1-INDANOL ENANTIOMERS; C-18-BONDED SILICA; MICROBORE COLUMN AB The interactions of 3-chloro-1-phenyl-propanol with a quinidine carbarnate-bonded chiral stationary phase under NPLC conditions were studied by measuring the adsorption isotherm data of its enantiomers by frontal analysis, modeling these data with a suitable isotherm model, and comparing the experimental overloaded elution band profiles with those calculated with this isotherm and the equilibrium dispersive model of liquid chromatography. The affinity energy distribution was calculated from the adsorption isotherm data. The results show that the surface of the adsorbent is heterogeneous and exhibits a bimodal adsorption energy distribution. This fact is interpreted in terms of the presence of two different types of adsorption sites on the stationary phase, nonselective and enantioselective sites. Albeit the bi-Langmuir isotherm model successfully accounts for the single-component data corresponding to both enantiomers, the competitive bi-Langmuir isotherm model does not allow an accurate prediction of the overloaded band profiles of the racemic mixture. Thermodynamic data are drawn for explanation. Some aspects of the retention mechanism are discussed in the light of the data obtained. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rzeszow Univ Technol, Fac Chem, Rzeszow, Poland. Univ Pecs, Dept Analyt Chem, Pecs, Hungary. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu RI Felinger, Attila/A-1595-2008; OI Felinger, Attila/0000-0001-7130-1968; Asnin, Leonid/0000-0001-6309-6140 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 1101 IS 1-2 BP 158 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.078 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 002VI UT WOS:000234639600017 PM 16236290 ER PT J AU Briggs, JAG Johnson, MC Simon, MN Fuller, SD Vogt, VM AF Briggs, JAG Johnson, MC Simon, MN Fuller, SD Vogt, VM TI Cryo-electron microscopy reveals conserved and divergent features of Gag packing in immature particles of rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryo-EM; RSV; HIV; retrovirus assembly; Gag protein ID HIV-1 CAPSID PROTEIN; MAJOR HOMOLOGY REGION; TYPE-1 MATRIX PROTEIN; ASSEMBLED IN-VITRO; SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; P10 DOMAIN; ORGANIZATION; MORPHOGENESIS AB Retrovirus assembly proceeds via multimerisation of the major structural protein, Gag, into a tightly packed, spherical particle that buds from the membrane of the host cell. The lateral packing arrangement of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag CA (capsid) domain in the immature virus has been described. Here we have used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and image processing to determine the lateral and radial arrangement of Gag in in vivo and in vitro assembled Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) particles and to compare these features with those of HIV-1. We found that the lateral packing arrangement in the vicinity of the inner subdomain of CA is conserved between these retroviruses. The curvature of the lattice, however, is different. RSV Gag protein adopts a more tightly curved lattice than is seen in HIV-1, and the virions therefore contain fewer copies of Gag. In addition, consideration of the relationship between the radial position of different Gag domains and their lateral spacings in particles of different diameters, suggests that the N-terminal MA (matrix) domain does not form a single, regular lattice in immature retrovirus particles. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Oxford, Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Div Struct Biol, Oxford OX3 7BN, England. RP Vogt, VM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM vmv1@cornell.edu RI Briggs, John/J-3096-2012; OI Briggs, John/0000-0003-3990-6910 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA20081]; NIBIB NIH HHS [5-P41-EB2181]; Wellcome Trust NR 48 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 6 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.10.025 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 998NM UT WOS:000234325600013 PM 16289202 ER PT J AU Campbell, IH Crone, BK AF Campbell, IH Crone, BK TI Quantum-dot/organic semiconductor composites for radiation detection SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Campbell, IH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Campbell@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 5 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 DI 10.1002/adma.200501434 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 003BV UT WOS:000234657500014 ER PT J AU Wang, P Guliaev, AB Elder, RH Hang, B AF Wang, P Guliaev, AB Elder, RH Hang, B TI Alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase excision of 7-(hydroxymethyl)-1, N-6-ethenoadenine, a glycidaldehyde-derived DNA adduct SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE glycidaldehyde; hydroxymethyl etheno adduct; etheno adduct; DNA glycosylases; base excision repair ID HUMAN 3-METHYLADENINE DNA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BISPHENOL-A DIGLYCIDYLETHER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MISMATCH REPAIR; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGEN; SITE; SEQUENCE AB Glycidaldehyde (GDA) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that has been shown to be mutagenic in vitro and carcinogenic in rodents. However, the molecular mechanism by which it exerts these effects is not established. GDA is capable of forming exocyclic hydroxymethyl-substituted etheno adducts on base residues in vitro. One of them, 7-(hydroxymethyl)- 1,N-6-ethenoadenine (7-hm-epsilon A), was identified as the principal adduct in mouse skin treated with GDA or a glycidyl ether. In this work, using defined oligonucleotides containing a site-specific 7-hm-epsilon A, the human and mouse alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylases (APNGs), responsible for the removal of the analogous 1,N-6-ethenoadenine (epsilon A) adduct, are shown to recognize and excise 7-hm-epsilon A. Such an activity can be significantly modulated by both 5'neighboring and opposite sequence contexts. The efficiency of human or mouse APNG for excision of 7-hm-epsilon A is about half that, or similar to the excision of epsilon A, respectively. When human or mouse cell-free extracts were tested, however, the extent of 7-hm-epsilon A excision is dramatically lower than that for epsilon A, suggesting that, in the crude extracts, the APNG activities toward these two adducts are differentially affected. Using cell-free extracts from APNG deficient mice, this enzyme is shown to be the primary glycosylase excising 7-hm-epsilon A. A structural approach, using molecular modeling, was employed to examine how the structure of the 7-hm-epsilon A adduct affects DNA conformation, as compared to the epsilon A adduct. These novel substrate specificities could have both biological and structural implications. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Manchester, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Hang, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Bo_hang@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA72079] NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.07.013 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 004VG UT WOS:000234780000003 PM 16290249 ER PT J AU Busuttil, RA Rubio, M Dolle, MET Campisi, J Vijg, J AF Busuttil, RA Rubio, M Dolle, MET Campisi, J Vijg, J TI Mutant frequencies and spectra depend on growth state and passage number in cells cultured from transgenic lacZ-plasmid reporter mice SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE lacZ-plasmid mouse embryonic fibroblasts; ultraviolet (UV); mutation; quiescence; proliferation ID IN-VIVO MUTATIONS; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; MURINE CELLS; MOUSE MODEL; REPAIR; FIBROBLASTS; IMMORTALIZATION; ACCUMULATION; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION AB Transgenic mice harboring the lacZ gene within a plasmid that can be recovered and amplified in Escherichia coli, to establish mutant frequencies and spectra, have provided crucial insights into the relationships between mutations, cancer and aging in vivo. Here, we use embryonic fibroblasts from transgenic lacZ-plasmid reporter mice to determine the relationship between cell proliferation in culture and mutations induced by ultraviolet (UV) light. A single dose of 2.5 J/m(2) of UVC to actively proliferating cells caused an approximately eightfold increase in mutant frequency 24 h after irradiation. Identically treated quiescent cells showed a two-fold increase in mutant frequency. Thus, whereas proliferation facilitated the acquisition of mutations, it was not an absolute requirement. Characterization of the UV-induced mutations indicated that the lower mutant frequency in quiescent cells was due mainly to a reduction in point mutations; size-change mutations, indicative of translocations or deletions, were relatively unaffected by the growth state of the cells. To investigate long-term genomic stability after UVC-induced damage, we monitored the lacZ locus in irradiated cells passaged for many generations in culture. The results indicated the emergence of jackpot mutations of rapidly changing frequency, most likely reflecting the successive emergence and decline of dominant cell clones during long-term culture. These findings show that the lacZ-plasmid locus is a valid reporter for studying induced mutations in short-term cultures of both quiescent and proliferating fibroblasts. In long-term cultures, the locus is less suitable for studying induced mutations owing to the instability of the cell population. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sam & Ann Barshop Inst Longev & Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Vijg, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sam & Ann Barshop Inst Longev & Aging Studies, STCBM Bldg,Suite 2-200,15355 Lambda, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM vijg@uthscsa.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG17242, AG20438] NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 5 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.07.006 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 004VG UT WOS:000234780000006 PM 16126462 ER PT J AU Chakoumakos, BC Sales, BC AF Chakoumakos, BC Sales, BC TI Skutterudites: Their structural response to filling SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE intermetallics; semiconductors; crystal structure and symmetry; neutron diffraction; thermoelectric materials ID LAFE4P12; CERIUM AB The skutterudite structure, M(4)Pn(12) (cubic Im-(3) over bar), where M= Group VIII transition metal and Pn=pnicogen, can be filled to varying degree by up to one atom per formula unit of a lanthanide, actinide, alkaline earth, alkali, or thallium atom, A(1-x)M(4)Pn(12). Skutterudite phases are of interest as promising thermoelectric materials. The available database of all reported crystal structure refinements of filled and unfilled skutterudites are analyzed to identify common structural responses to filling. As the filling fraction increases, the cell volume increases by about 3.6%, both the gamma and z positional parameters of the 24g Wyckoff sites occupied by the pnicogen increase, the four-membered pnicogen ring becomes more square, and the mean-square displacement of the filling atom decreases. Details of the structural response to filling can be correlated with physical properties and used as input to build more accurate theoretical models. Crystal structure refinements of neutron powder diffraction data also are reported for three Tl-filled skutterudites, Tl0.25Co4Sb12, Tl0.51Co4Sb11.5Sn0.5, and Tl0.75Co3FeSb12. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chakoumakos, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, POB 2008,Bldg 7962, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kou@ornl.gov RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 407 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.06.073 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 002LS UT WOS:000234613600013 ER PT J AU Chen, QJ Fan, HB Shen, J Sun, JF Lu, ZP AF Chen, QJ Fan, HB Shen, J Sun, JF Lu, ZP TI Critical cooling rate and thermal stability of Fe-Co-Zr-Y-Cr-Mo-B amorphous alloy SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE bulk metallic glasses; glass-forming ability; thermal stability; critical cooling rates; activation energy ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALLIZATION AB The critical cooling rate of the Fe61Co5Zr8Y2Cr2Mo7B15 bulk amorphous alloy was determined to be 37 K/s, providing an indication that this alloy has a high glass-forming ability. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the Fe61Co5Zr8Y2Cr2Mo7B15 amorphous alloy prepared by using the copper-mold casting or melt-spinning were also investigated. It is found that the activation energies in the non-isothermal crystallization process show a strong dependence on the cooling rates for glass formation, revealing that the melt-spun amorphous alloy has a higher thermal stability. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shen, J (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM junshen@public.hr.hl.cn RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009 NR 12 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 407 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.06.031 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 002LS UT WOS:000234613600020 ER PT J AU Luo, WF Sickafoose, S AF Luo, WF Sickafoose, S TI Thermodynamic and structural characterization of the Mg-Li-N-H hydrogen storage system SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage materials; powder XRD; FTIR analysis; thermodynamic and structural characterization ID ALUMINUM HYDRIDES; LITHIUM AMIDE; IMIDES; ALANATES AB The Mg-Li-N-H system is a very promising hydrogen storage material due to its high capacity, reversibility and moderate operating conditions. Some of thermodynamic and structural properties for this system are characterized here. Pressure-composition isotherms are measured and presented in this paper for absorption-desorption at 220, 200 and 180 degrees C. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis were carried out for samples at various degrees of hydrogenation. These results provide information about the structural changes during absorption/desorption. The mixture of (2LiNH(2) + MgH2) partially converts to (Mg(NH2)(2) + 2LiH) when heated at 220 degrees C and 100 bar of hydrogen without undergoing desorption. Based on two distinct parts which appear in all of the pressure-composition isotherms (180-220 degrees C), two reactions taking place isothermally in hydrogen absorption/desorption are proposed for the material starting with (2LiNH(2) + MgH2) or (Mg(NH2)(2) + 2LiH). These reactions include a single solid-phase reaction, corresponding to the sloping region for hydrogen weight percent (Hwt%) smaller than 1.5%, and a multiple-phase reaction, corresponding to a plateau region for Hwt.% > 1.5 in the isotherms. During hydrogen absorption/desorption, the single-solid-phase reaction corresponds to the forming/consuming of -NH2 which is bonded to Li and the multiple-solid-phase reaction corresponds to forming/consurning Mg(NH2)(2) and LiH. A mechanism for the sorption reactions has been proposed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Luo, WF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9403, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wluo@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 407 IS 1-2 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.06.046 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 002LS UT WOS:000234613600044 ER PT J AU Shevchenko, EV Talapin, DV Kotov, NA O'Brien, S Murray, CB AF Shevchenko, EV Talapin, DV Kotov, NA O'Brien, S Murray, CB TI Structural diversity in binary nanoparticle superlattices SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; 2 DIFFERENT SIZES; NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; SPHERES; CRYSTALLINE; ARRANGEMENTS; PARTICLE; PHASE; FILMS AB Assembly of small building blocks such as atoms, molecules and nanoparticles into macroscopic structures - that is, 'bottom up' assembly - is a theme that runs through chemistry, biology and material science. Bacteria(1), macromolecules(2) and nanoparticles(3) can self-assemble, generating ordered structures with a precision that challenges current lithographic techniques. The assembly of nanoparticles of two different materials into a binary nanoparticle superlattice (BNSL)(3-7) can provide a general and inexpensive path to a large variety of materials (metamaterials) with precisely controlled chemical composition and tight placement of the components. Maximization of the nanoparticle packing density has been proposed as the driving force for BNSL formation(3,8,9), and only a few BNSL structures have been predicted to be thermodynamically stable. Recently, colloidal crystals with micrometre-scale lattice spacings have been grown from oppositely charged polymethyl methacrylate spheres(10,11). Here we demonstrate formation of more than 15 different BNSL structures, using combinations of semiconducting, metallic and magnetic nanoparticle building blocks. At least ten of these colloidal crystalline structures have not been reported previously. We demonstrate that electrical charges on sterically stabilized nanoparticles determine BNSL stoichiometry; additional contributions from entropic, van der Waals, steric and dipolar forces stabilize the variety of BNSL structures. C1 IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Talapin, DV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dvtalapin@lbl.gov; cbmurray@us.ibm.com RI bartelsdoe, ludwig/F-8008-2011; O'Brien, Stephen/D-7682-2013; OI Kotov, Nicholas/0000-0002-6864-5804 NR 30 TC 1255 Z9 1260 U1 80 U2 732 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7072 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1038/nature04414 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 999HA UT WOS:000234378700032 PM 16397494 ER PT J AU Gore, J Bryant, Z Stone, MD Nollmann, MN Cozzarelli, NR Bustamante, C AF Gore, J Bryant, Z Stone, MD Nollmann, MN Cozzarelli, NR Bustamante, C TI Mechanochemical analysis of DNA gyrase using rotor bead tracking SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; MYOSIN-V MOTOR; TOPOISOMERASES; MECHANISM; ELASTICITY; BINDING; MOLECULES; TRANSPORT; SUBSTEPS; PROTEIN AB DNA gyrase is a molecular machine that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to introduce essential negative supercoils into DNA(1-3). The directionality of supercoiling is ensured by chiral wrapping of the DNA(4,5) around a specialized domain(6-9) of the enzyme before strand passage. Here we observe the activity of gyrase in real time by tracking the rotation of a submicrometre bead attached to the side of a stretched DNA molecule(10). In the presence of gyrase and ATP, we observe bursts of rotation corresponding to the processive, stepwise introduction of negative supercoils in strict multiples of two(11). Changes in DNA tension have no detectable effect on supercoiling velocity, but the enzyme becomes markedly less processive as tension is increased over a range of only a few tenths of piconewtons. This behaviour is quantitatively explained by a simple mechanochemical model in which processivity depends on a kinetic competition between dissociation and rapid, tension-sensitive DNA wrapping. In a high-resolution variant of our assay, we directly detect rotational pauses corresponding to two kinetic substeps: an ATP-independent step at the end of the reaction cycle, and an ATP-binding step in the middle of the cycle, subsequent to DNA wrapping. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Bustamante, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ncozzare@berkeley.edu; carlos@alice.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM032543, R01 GM071552] NR 29 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7072 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1038/nature04319 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 999HA UT WOS:000234378700042 PM 16397501 ER PT J AU Dumont, S Cheng, W Serebrov, V Beran, RK Tinoco, I Pyle, AM Bustamante, C AF Dumont, S Cheng, W Serebrov, V Beran, RK Tinoco, I Pyle, AM Bustamante, C TI RNA translocation and unwinding mechanism of HCVNS3 helicase and its coordination by ATP SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; DNA HELICASE; STEP-SIZE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULES; PROTEIN; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; PROCESSIVITY; REVEALS; BINDING AB Helicases are a ubiquitous class of enzymes involved in nearly all aspects of DNA and RNA metabolism. Despite recent progress in understanding their mechanism of action, limited resolution has left inaccessible the detailed mechanisms by which these enzymes couple the rearrangement of nucleic acid structures to the binding and hydrolysis of ATP(1,2). Observing individual mechanistic cycles of these motor proteins is central to understanding their cellular functions. Here we follow in real time, at a resolution of two base pairs and 20 ms, the RNA translocation and unwinding cycles of a hepatitis C virus helicase (NS3) monomer. NS3 is a representative superfamily-2 helicase essential for viral replication(3), and therefore a potentially important drug target(4). We show that the cyclic movement of NS3 is coordinated by ATP in discrete steps of 11 +/- 3 base pairs, and that actual unwinding occurs in rapid smaller substeps of 3.6 +/- 1.3 base pairs, also triggered by ATP binding, indicating that NS3 might move like an inchworm(5,6). This ATP-coupling mechanism is likely to be applicable to other non-hexameric helicases involved in many essential cellular functions. The assay developed here should be useful in investigating a broad range of nucleic acid translocation motors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bustamante, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM carlos@alice.berkeley.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM010840] NR 30 TC 226 Z9 232 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 439 IS 7072 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1038/nature04331 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 999HA UT WOS:000234378700043 PM 16397502 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Voss, KC Wang, M Wlasenko, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Szuba, D Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Drews, G Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, E Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Fry, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Padhi, S Plamondon, M Stairs, DG Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Grijpink, S Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Kagawa, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Ciborowski, J Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Tyszkiewicz, A Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Everett, A Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Miglioranzi, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Pavel, N Molina, AGY Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Montanari, A Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Rinaldi, L Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Aghuzumtsyan, G Bartsch, D Brock, I Goers, S Hartmann, H Hilger, E Irrgang, P Jakob, HP Kind, O Meyer, U Paul, E Rautenberg, J Renner, R Voss, KC Wang, M Wlasenko, M Bailey, DS Brook, NH Cole, JE Heath, GP Namsoo, T Robins, S Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ma, KJ Helbich, M Ning, Y Ren, Z Schmidke, WB Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Stopa, P Szuba, D Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Szuba, J Kotanski, A Slominski, W Adler, V Behrens, U Bloch, I Borras, K Drews, G Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gladkov, D Gottlicher, P Gutsche, O Haas, T Hain, W Horn, C Kahle, B Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kramberger, G Lelas, D Lim, H Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Nguyen, CN Notz, D Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Raval, A Santamarta, R Schneekloth, U Stosslein, U Wolf, G Youngman, C Zeuner, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Genta, C Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Benen, A Karstens, E Dobur, D Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Ferrando, J Hamilton, J Hanlon, S Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Carli, T Gosau, T Holm, U Krumnack, N Lohrmann, E Milite, M Salehi, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Stonjek, S Wichmann, K Wick, K Ziegler, A Ziegler, A Collins-Tooth, C Foudas, C Fry, C Goncalo, R Long, KR Tapper, AD Kataoka, M Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Gonzalez, O Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Terron, J Zambrana, M Barbi, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Padhi, S Plamondon, M Stairs, DG Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Danilov, P Dolgoshein, BA Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Katkov, II Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Zotkin, SA Abt, I Buttner, C Caldwell, A Liu, X Sutiak, J Coppola, N Grigorescu, G Grijpink, S Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Maddox, E Pellegrino, A Schagen, S Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Cottrell, A Devenish, RCE Foster, B Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Kohno, T Patel, S Straub, PB Walczak, R Bellan, P Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Ciesielski, R Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Turcato, M Heaphy, EA Metlica, F Oh, BY Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Gabareen, A Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Kuze, M Kagawa, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Matsuzawa, K Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Koop, T Martin, JF Mirea, A Butterworth, JM Hall-Wilton, R Jones, TW Loizides, JH Sutton, MR Targett-Adams, C Wing, M Ciborowski, J Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Sztuk, J Tymieniecka, T Tyszkiewicz, A Ukleja, A Ukleja, J Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Lightwood, MS Everett, A Kcira, D Lammers, S Li, L Reeder, DD Rosin, M Ryan, P Savin, AA Smith, WH Dhawan, S Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Soares, M Standage, J Whyte, J CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Forward jet production in deep inelastic ep scattering and low-x parton dynamics at HERA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; COLOR DIPOLE MODEL; CROSS-SECTIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; DIJET PRODUCTION; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; QCD CASCADES; BREIT FRAME; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Differential inclusive jet cross sections in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering have been measured with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 38.7 pb(-1). The jets have been identified Using the k(T) cluster algorithm in the longitudinally invariant inclusive mode in the laboratory frame; they have been selected with jet transverse energy, E-T(Jet) above 6 GeV and jet pseudorapidity, eta(jet), between -1 and 3. Measurements of cross sections as functions of E-T(jet), Bjorken x and the photon virtuality, Q(2), are presented. Three phase-space regions have been selected in order to study parton dynamics from the most global to the most restrictive region of forward-going (close to the proton-beam direction) jets at low x, where the effects of BFKL evolution might be present. The measurements have been compared to the predictions of leading-logarithm parton-shower Monte Carlo models and fixed-order perturbative QCD calculations. In the forward region, O(alpha(1)(s)) QCD calculations underestimate the data up to an order of magnitude at low x. An improved description of the data in this region is obtained by including O(Ce2) QCD corrections, which account for the lowest-order t-channel gluon-exchange diagrams, highlighting the importance of such terms in the parton dynamics at low x. s (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvingont On Hudson, NY 10027 USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Sci & Technol, AGH, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mitilini, Greece. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 158, Japan. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. Nara Womens Univ, Nara 630, Japan. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rik.yoshida@desy.de RI dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; collins-tooth, christopher/A-9201-2012; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011 OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Gutsche, Oliver/0000-0002-8015-9622; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636 NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 632 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.066 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 001GB UT WOS:000234520500003 ER PT J AU Djordjevic, M Gyulassy, M Vogt, R Wicks, S AF Djordjevic, M Gyulassy, M Vogt, R Wicks, S TI Influence of bottom quark jet quenching on single electron tomography of Au plus Au SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID GLUON PLASMA; ENERGY-LOSS; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; COLLISIONS; PHYSICS; TRANSPORT; SPECTRA; CHARM; SPS AB High transverse momentum single (non-photonic) electrons are shown to be sensitive to the stopping power of both bottom, b, and charm, c, quarks in A A collisions. We apply the DGLV theory of radiative energy loss to predict c and b quark jet quenching and compare the FONLL and PYTHIA heavy flavor fragmentation and decay schemes. We show that single electrons in the PT = 5-10 GeV range are dominated by the decay of b quarks rather than the more strongly quenched c quarks in Au + An collisions at root s = 200 A GeV. The smaller b quark energy loss, even for extreme opacities with gluon rapidity densities up to 3500, is predicted to limit the nuclear modification factor, R-AA, of single electrons to the range R-AA similar to 0.5-0.6, in contrast to previous predictions of R-AA less than or similar to 0.2-0.3 based on taking only c quark jet fragmentation into account. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. LBNL, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM gyulassy@nt3.phys.columbia.edu NR 64 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 5 PY 2006 VL 632 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.phystetb.2005.09.087 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 001GB UT WOS:000234520500011 ER PT J AU Dong, C Qiang, JB Wang, YM Jiang, N Wu, J Thiel, P AF Dong, C Qiang, JB Wang, YM Jiang, N Wu, J Thiel, P TI Cluster-based composition rule for stable ternary quasicrystals in Al-(Cu, Pd, Ni)-TM systems SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; AL-CU-MN; ELECTRON-CONCENTRATION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; ALLOYS; APPROXIMANTS; TRANSFORMATION; QUASICRYSTALS AB Although hundreds of quasicrystals have been found, little is known about their quantitative composition rules that can help design new materials. In this paper we propose a cluster-based approach to decipher the composition rules. Our approach consists of the following steps: ( 1) selection of a known basic cluster in the constituent binary systems; ( 2) construction of a cluster line linking the binary cluster composition to a third element; and ( 3) the intersection of the two cluster lines points to a new quasicrystal composition if the e/a ratio falls in the appropriate range, typically from 1.8 to 2.0. The predicted compositions agree satisfactorily with experimental values. C1 Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Mat Modificat, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. Dalian Univ Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dong, C (reprint author), Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Mat Modificat, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. EM dong@dlut.edu.cn NR 40 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1080/14786430500281308 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000003 ER PT J AU Ott, RT Kramer, MJ Besser, MF Hufnagel, TC Sordelet, DJ AF Ott, RT Kramer, MJ Besser, MF Hufnagel, TC Sordelet, DJ TI Quasicrystal formation in Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-Ta metallic glasses and composites SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; PHASE; PRECIPITATION; ALLOYS AB We have examined the crystallisation behaviour of Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-Ta metallic glasses and metallic-glass-matrix composites. Monolithic and composite alloys were prepared by varying the amount of Ta added to a Zr-based glass-forming alloy. We find that additions as low as 2 at.% Ta promotes the formation of the icosahedral phase during devitrification, which in turn has a significant effect on the subsequent crystallisation behaviour. The DSC and time-resolved X-ray scattering results show that following the nucleation of the quasicrystals the alloys exhibit an exothermic event that does not correspond to any discernible structural change. We discuss the possible mechanisms for the second exotherm. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Ott, RT (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rtott@ameslab.gov RI Hufnagel, Todd/A-3309-2010 OI Hufnagel, Todd/0000-0002-6373-9377 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 EI 1478-6443 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN 4 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 SI SI BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1080/14786430500300157 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000008 ER PT J AU Yang, XY Rozhkova, EA Sordelet, DJ AF Yang, XY Rozhkova, EA Sordelet, DJ TI Quasicrystal formation in gas-atomized Zr80Pt20 powders SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID MELT-SPUN RIBBONS; PHASE-FORMATION; OXYGEN; ALLOYS AB Gas-atomized powders with a nominal composition of Zr80Pt20 have been investigated as a function of powder size range. Atomized powders were screened to the following sizes for examination: < 10 mm; +10, -20 mu m; +20, -45 mu m; +45, -75 mu m; +75, -106 mu m. For comparison of as-synthesized structure and crystallization behaviour, Zr80Pt20 melt-spun ribbons (MSRs) were also prepared. Results show that during atomization a metastable quasicrystalline (QC) phase is formed as the predominant phase independent of powder size; a small volume of amorphous phase and crystals were detected in finer and coarser sized powders, respectively. The QC grains formed during atomization are much larger than the nanosized quasicrystal obtained in the MSR, which is most likely attributed to the much slower cooling rates during gas atomization. Nucleation and growth occur during both rapid solidi. cation routes. The formation of an icosahedral quasicrystal during gas atomization and melt spinning is consistent with previous suggestions that icosahedral local structure exists in liquid and amorphous phases and facilitates nucleation of quasicrystal formation in Zr80Pt20 alloys. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yang, XY (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xyang@ameslab.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1080/14786430500254669 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000009 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, RC Arsenault, AD Hyers, RW Rogers, JR Rathz, TJ Lee, GW Gangopadhyay, AK Kelton, KF AF Bradshaw, RC Arsenault, AD Hyers, RW Rogers, JR Rathz, TJ Lee, GW Gangopadhyay, AK Kelton, KF TI Nonlinearities in the undercooled properties of Ti39.5Zr39.5Ni21 SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames AB Using electrostatic-levitator (ESL)-based containerless processing combined with non-contact measuring techniques, surface tension and viscosity have been measured for Ti39.5Zr39.5Ni21, using the oscillating-drop method, in the superheated and metastable undercooled liquid states. Viscosity measurements show a non-Arrhenius behaviour that more closely matches a Vogel-Tamman Fulcher trend, and a sudden divergence away from a high-temperature linear trend in surface tension has been observed for this composition. An overview of the measurement technique as well as the measurements are presented. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Univ Alabama, Mat Res Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Hyers, RW (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM hyers@ecs.umass.edu RI Hyers, Robert/G-3755-2010 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1080/14786430500253968 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000014 ER PT J AU Wu, D Ugurlu, O Chumbley, LS Kramer, MJ Lograsso, TA AF Wu, D Ugurlu, O Chumbley, LS Kramer, MJ Lograsso, TA TI Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal Cd51Yb14 single crystals SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID ICOSAHEDRAL CD-YB; QUASI-CRYSTALS; ORDER; CD6YB AB Synthesis of large, bulk single grains of the hexagonal crystalline phase Cd51Yb14 has been accomplished using the Bridgman method. Growth was carried out under controlled solidi. cation conditions in sealed Ta crucibles, which maintain compositional integrity by eliminating evaporative losses of Cd and reaction with the containment material. Compositional analysis of the as-grown phase indicates no evidence of macrosegregation along the length of the crystal. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of the hexagonal phase is hampered by the enhanced atmospheric reactivity of the higher Yb content of the hexagonal phase. Such a high sensitivity to ambient exposure was not observed during the recent synthesis and TEM studies of the quasicrystalline Cd5.7Yb or cubic approximate phase Cd6Yb. TEM and X-ray transmission diffraction results taken at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory show the presence of a fine-structured second phase, which is randomly oriented throughout the matrix. The precipitates have been identified as pure Cd by d-spacing comparisons and likely form by selective atmospheric oxidation of Yb from the Cd51Yb14 phase. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wu, D (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Mat Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wudm@ameslab.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1080/1478643050027031 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000020 ER PT J AU Xu, M Ye, Y Morris, JR Sordelet, DJ Kramer, MJ AF Xu, M Ye, Y Morris, JR Sordelet, DJ Kramer, MJ TI Influence of Pd on formation of amorphous and quasicrystal phases in rapidly quenched Zr2Cu(1-x)Pdx SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID SHORT-RANGE ORDER; METALLIC GLASSES; ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE; ZR-PD; DEVITRIFICATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; DIFFRACTION; ZR70PD30; ALLOYS AB The role of Pd in the transformation from an amorphous state to a metastable icosahedral quasicrystalline phase in Zr2Cu(1-x)Pdx(x = 0 to 1) metallic glasses was investigated using high-energy synchrotron X-rays and differential scanning calorimetry. The total scattering functions show an increasing development of the high-Q side of the second diffuse scattering peak at 5.09A(-1) with increasing Pd content. The reduced radial distribution functions reveals that the bonding distance of the Zr-(Pd/Cu) pairs increases from 2.76 to 2.82A when x increases from 0.00 to 1.00, while the distance for the Zr-Zr pairs remains almost constant at 3.10A. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction together show that an amorphous-to-quasicrystal phase transition is not observed in the Zr2Cu alloy, but partial or total substitution of Cu by Pd in Zr2Cu(1-x)Pdx alloys does lead to quasicrystal formation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mjkramer@ameslab.gov RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1080/14786430500300124 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000021 ER PT J AU Gourdon, O Izaola, Z Elcoro, L Petricek, V Miller, GJ AF Gourdon, O Izaola, Z Elcoro, L Petricek, V Miller, GJ TI Zn1-xPdx (x=0.14-0.24): a missing link between intergrowth compounds and quasicrystal approximants SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID X-RAY; PHASE; SYMMETRY AB Our investigations in the Zn-rich portion of the Zn-Pd system are related to the idea that a prototypic 1-dimensional (1D) quasicrystal, as defined by the Fibonacci sequence, can be regarded both as a quasicrystal and as an incommensurately modulated crystal. Consequently, there are two different ways to achieve the atomic structure. Six different new structures, closely related to the gamma-brass structure, in the Zn1-xPdx system have been synthesized and contain Pd-centred Zn icosahedra. A misfit character of all structures with two distinct main subsets and satellite reflections is clear from the diffraction patterns. Among these six structures, two specific examples, Zn10.65Pd2.35 (Zn0.819Pd0.181) and Zn212Pd64 (Zn0.768Pd0.232), have been refined by single crystal X-ray diffraction using traditional refinement methods but also using the (3+1) D formalism (superspace group Xmmm(00 gamma)0s0). Analogies with the Fibonacci sequence are possible if we identify dimers of Pd- centred Zn icosahedra (DI) as short segments, S, and trimers of Pd- centred Zn icosahedra (TI) as long segments, L. By de. ning these S and L segments, Zn11Pd2 and Zn212Pd64 correspond to the two first simplest approximants of a hypothetical 1D quasicrystal. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Basque Country, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 16253, Czech Republic. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gourdon, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gourdon@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Petricek, Vaclav/G-6868-2014; Elcoro, Luis/H-4584-2015 OI Elcoro, Luis/0000-0002-5427-0984 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PD JAN 4 PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 SI SI BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1080/14786430500254701 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000025 ER PT J AU Lee, MH Yang, X Kramer, MJ Sordelet, DJ AF Lee, MH Yang, X Kramer, MJ Sordelet, DJ TI Glass formation and crystallization in binary Zr-Pt systems SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID MELT-SPUN RIBBONS; PHASE SELECTION; ALLOYS; KINETICS AB Previous rapid solidi. cation studies of Zr-Pt alloys have focused primarily on compositions very close to the Zr80Pt20 eutectic. In the current work, a wide range of alloys, ZrxPt100-(x) (69 <= x <= 81), were synthesized by melt spinning to examine their starting structures and devitrification behaviours. Similar to the frequently reported formation of a metastable quasicrystalline phase during heating of near-eutectic compositions, ribbons with Zr contents as low as 75 at.% show comparable transformations, but at higher temperatures, before transforming to the stable Zr5Pt3 structure. With the quench rate used in this study, a further decrease below 75 at.% Zr precludes the formation of the metastable quasicrystalline phase and instead results in crystallization directly to the stable Zr5Pt3 structure. Preliminary analysis of the transformation kinetics reveals a lower activation energy for the transformation of an amorphous Zr-Pt structure to the metastable quasicrystal phase in comparison to the stable Zr5Pt3 phase. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, MH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mhlee@ameslab.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1080/14786430500263462 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000028 ER PT J AU Krauss, G Steurer, W Ross, AR LoGrasso, TA AF Krauss, G Steurer, W Ross, AR LoGrasso, TA TI Stability of icosahedral Cd-Yb at low temperature SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID QUASI-CRYSTAL; APPROXIMANT; TRANSITION; DETECTOR; ALLOYS; PHASE AB The stability of i-Cd-Yb was studied between ambient temperature and 90K using single-crystal diffraction. To study the influence of mechanical stress at low temperatures, a modified grinding-jar housing was constructed and ball-milling experiments were carried out at 77 K. In neither case structural changes were observed. This indicates the thermodynamic stability of this binary quasicrystal. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Crystallog, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Krauss, G (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Lab Crystallog, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM guenter.krauss@mat.ethz.ch RI Steurer, Walter/A-3278-2008; Steurer, Walter/B-6929-2008 OI Steurer, Walter/0000-0003-0211-7088 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1080/14786430500254008 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000037 ER PT J AU Song, S Wang, R Gui, J Wang, J Yan, Y AF Song, S Wang, R Gui, J Wang, J Yan, Y TI Structure of type I and type II modifications of Al-Co-Ni decagonal quasicrystals studied by HAADF-STEM technique SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quasicrystals (ICQ9) CY MAY 22-26, 2005 CL Iowa State Univ Ames, Ames, IA HO Iowa State Univ Ames ID APPROXIMANTS AB The structure of type I and type II modi. cations of Al-Co-Ni decagonal quasicrystals was studied by using the high-angle annular detector dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) technique. It was found that the quasi-unit-cell should be selected as columnar decagon of 3.2nm in diameter and 0.82nm in height, and its center consists of a bright circle with 0.76nm of the outer diameter, indicating that atomic distribution in the quasi-unit-cell is disordered. Lattices obtained by connecting the centers of the atom clusters in HAADF images reveal that the lattice of the type I modi. cation is rhombic Penrose tiling and the lattice of the type II is a mixture of the rhombic and pentagonal tilings. Namely, the lattice of the type II modi. cation is a mixture of the lattices of the type I and S1 modifications. C1 Wuhan Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Wuhan Univ, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wang, R (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM rhwang@whu.edu.cn RI Wang, Jianbo/D-9991-2011 OI Wang, Jianbo/0000-0002-3315-3105 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2006 VL 86 IS 3-5 BP 529 EP 535 DI 10.1080/14786430500254024 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 003VX UT WOS:000234711000040 ER PT J AU Stachowiak, JC Yue, M Castelino, K Chakraborty, A Majumdar, A AF Stachowiak, JC Yue, M Castelino, K Chakraborty, A Majumdar, A TI Chemomechanics of surface stresses induced by DNA hybridization SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; MOLECULAR MOTORS; ARRAY AB When biomolecular reactions occur on one surface of a microcantilever beam, changes in intermolecular forces create surface stresses that bend the cantilever. While this phenomenon has been exploited to create label-free biosensors and biomolecular actuators, the mechanisms through which chemical free energy is transduced to mechanical work in such hybrid systems are not fully understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we use DNA hybridization as a model reaction system. We first show that the surface grafting density of single-stranded probe DNA (sspDNA) on a surface is strongly correlated to its radius of gyration in solution, which in turn depends on its persistence length and the DNA chain length. Since the persistence length depends on ionic strength, the grafting density of sspDNA can be controlled by changing a solution's ionic strength. The surface stresses produced by the reaction of complementary single-stranded target DNA (sstDNA) to sspDNA depend on the length of DNA, the grafting density, and the hybridization efficiency. We, however, observe a remarkable trend: regardless of the length and grafting density of sspDNA, the surface stress follows an exponential scaling relation with the density of hybridized sspDNA. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu NR 27 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 3 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 1 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1021/la0521645 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 999SH UT WOS:000234410300043 PM 16378430 ER PT J AU Mao, FL Su, ZC Olman, V Dam, P Liu, ZJ Xu, YN AF Mao, FL Su, ZC Olman, V Dam, P Liu, ZJ Xu, YN TI Mapping of orthologous genes in the context of biological pathways: An application of integer programming SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE genomic structure; operon; regulon; ortholog; pathway mapping ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHOSPHATE REGULON; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; PROTEINS; OPERON; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE; CLONING AB Mapping biological pathways across microbial genomes is a highly important technique in functional studies of biological systems. Existing methods mainly rely on sequence-based orthologous gene mapping, which often leads to suboptimal mapping results because sequence-similarity information alone does not contain sufficient information for accurate identification of orthology relationship. Here we present an algorithm for pathway mapping across microbial genomes. The algorithm takes into account both sequence similarity and genomic structure information such as operons and regulons. One basic premise of our approach is that a microbial pathway could generally be decomposed into a few operons or regulons. We formulated the pathway-mapping problem to map genes across genomes to maximize their sequence similarity under the constraint that the mapped genes be grouped into a few operons, preferably coregulated in the target genome. We have developed an integer-programming algorithm for solving this constrained optimization problem and implemented the algorithm as a computer software program, P-MAP. We have tested P-MAP on a number of known homologous pathways. We conclude that using genomic structure information as constraints could greatly improve the pathway-mapping accuracy over methods that use sequence-similarity information alone. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, YN (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Computat Syst Biol Lab, A110 Life Sci Bldg,120 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM xyn@bmb.uga.edu NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 3 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1073/pnas.0509737102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 003JL UT WOS:000234677800024 PM 16373500 ER PT J AU Jacobsohn, LG Schulze, RK Daemen, LL Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Nastasi, M AF Jacobsohn, LG Schulze, RK Daemen, LL Afanasyev-Charkin, IV Nastasi, M TI Chemical bonding investigation of amorphous hydrogenated Si-N alloys deposited by plasma immersion ion processing SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surf Engn Div DE silicon nitride; chemical bonding; X-ray photoelectron microscopy ID SILICON NITRIDE FILMS; PULSED GLOW-DISCHARGE; THIN-FILMS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SOLAR-CELLS; H ALLOYS; PASSIVATION; TEMPERATURE; PROGRESS; SURFACE AB Amorphous hydrogenated Si-N (a-SiNx:H) alloys were deposited by plasma immersion ion processing using a working pressure of 1.3 Pa of mixtures of SiH4 and N-2. Films with N/Si ratios from 0.6 to 1.2 were obtained, as determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERD). A fixed total H content of 9 at.% was observed in all films. Chemical bonding was investigated by infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. These techniques revealed a complex Si chemical environment that evolves towards that Of Si3N4 for higher N/Si ratios. This evolution was correlated with the increase of film hardness. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobsohn, LG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lgjacob@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Jacobsohn, Luiz/0000-0001-8991-3903 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 3 PY 2006 VL 494 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.07.166 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 991AX UT WOS:000233785600041 ER PT J AU Jankowski, AF Saw, CK Harper, JF Vallier, BF Ferreira, JL Hayes, JP AF Jankowski, AF Saw, CK Harper, JF Vallier, BF Ferreira, JL Hayes, JP TI Nanocrystalline growth and grain-size effects in Au-Cu electrodeposits SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Film CY MAY 02-06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP AVS Sci & Technol Soc, Adv Surf Engn Div DE nanostructures; growth mechanism; structural properties; deposition process ID GOLD ELECTRODEPOSITION; HARD GOLD; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ACID-SOLUTION; SOFT GOLD; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION; DIFFUSION; ALLOYS AB The processing-structure-property relationship is investigated for electrodeposited foils of the gold-copper alloy system. A model is presented that relates the deposition process parameters to the nanocrystalline grain size. An activation energy of 1.52 eV atom(-1) for growth is determined for a long-pulse (> 10 msec) mode, and is 0.16 eV atom(-1) for short pulses (< 5 msec). The effect of nanocrystalline grain size on the mechanical properties is assessed using indentation measurements. A Hall-Petch type variation of the Vickers microhardness with nanocrystalline grain size (> 6 nm) is observed for Au-Cu samples with 1-12 wt.% Cu as tested in cross-section. The hardness increases three-fold from a rule-of-mixtures value <1 GPa to a maximum of 2.9 GPa. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, New Technol Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jankowski1@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 3 PY 2006 VL 494 IS 1-2 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.149 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 991AX UT WOS:000233785600050 ER PT J AU Jung, HS Lee, JK Nastasi, M Kim, JR Lee, SW Kim, JY Park, JS Hong, KS Shin, H AF Jung, HS Lee, JK Nastasi, M Kim, JR Lee, SW Kim, JY Park, JS Hong, KS Shin, H TI Enhancing photocatalytic activity by using TiO2-MgO core-shell-structured nanoparticles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; ACID; MGO AB Hygroscopic Mg(OH)(2) gel was topotactically decomposed on TiO2 particle surfaces, resulting in highly nanoporous MgO-coated TiO2 particles. The highly hygroscopic and nanoporous MgO shell absorbed more water molecules and hydroxyl groups from the environment to yield an improved photocatalytic property of the core-shell particles as compared to the uncoated TiO2 counterpart. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shin, H (reprint author), Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. EM hshin@kangnung.ac.kr RI Jung, Hyun Suk/D-4745-2011; Kim, Jin Young/B-7077-2012; Lee, Sangwook/O-9166-2015; Jung, Hyun Suk/H-3659-2015 OI Kim, Jin Young/0000-0001-7728-3182; Lee, Sangwook/0000-0002-3535-0241; NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1 AR 013107 DI 10.1063/1.2159562 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 999YM UT WOS:000234428100070 ER PT J AU Lau, JW Bording, JK Beleggia, M Zhu, Y AF Lau, JW Bording, JK Beleggia, M Zhu, Y TI Energy barrier to magnetic vortex nucleation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM MEDIA; RECORDING MEDIA; VISCOSITY; DYNAMICS; DECAY AB An array of micron-sized square Permalloy (TM) elements exhibits pure nucleation behavior under selected ranges of applied field and temperature. As a consequence, macroscopically observed net magnetization loss with logarithm of time can be correlated with discrete vortex nucleation events using in situ Lorentz microscopy. Application of various magnetic fields revealed different resistances to nucleation. Using the Arrhenius-Neel model, the energy barrier to magnetic vortex nucleation is measured and a clear dependence on the applied field is observed. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Lau, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lau@bnl.gov RI Lau, June/C-7509-2013; OI Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1 AR 012508 DI 10.1063/1.2150272 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 999YM UT WOS:000234428100055 ER PT J AU Yu, QS Huang, C Hsieh, FH Huff, H Duan, YX AF Yu, QS Huang, C Hsieh, FH Huff, H Duan, YX TI Sterilization effects of atmospheric cold plasma brush SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-EMISSION; GLOW-DISCHARGES; PRESSURE; SURFACES AB This study investigated the sterilization effects of a brush-shaped plasma created at one atmospheric pressure. A population of 1.0x10(4)-1.0x10(5) Escherichia coli or Micrococcus luteus bacteria was seeded in filter paper media and then subjected to Ar and/or Ar+O-2 plasmas. A complete kill of the Micrococcus luteus required about 3 min argon plasma exposures. With oxygen addition into the argon plasma gas streams, a complete kill of the bacteria needed only less than 1 min plasma exposure for Micrococcus luteus and about 2 min exposure for Escherichia coli. The plasma treatment effects on the different bacteria cell structures were examined using scanning electron microscopy. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Missouri, Ctr Surface Sci & Plasma Technol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biol Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yu, QS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Surface Sci & Plasma Technol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM yuq@missouri.edu; yduan@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1 AR 013903 DI 10.1063/1.2161807 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 999YM UT WOS:000234428100092 ER PT J AU Zhang, SX Ogale, SB Fu, LF Dhar, S Kundaliya, DC Ramadan, W Browning, ND Venkatesan, T AF Zhang, SX Ogale, SB Fu, LF Dhar, S Kundaliya, DC Ramadan, W Browning, ND Venkatesan, T TI Consequences of niobium doping for the ferromagnetism and microstructure of anatase Co : TiO2 films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; DOPED TIO2 ANATASE; THIN-FILMS; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITION; SYSTEM AB It is shown that dilute niobium doping has a significant effect on the ferromagnetism and microstructure of dilutely cobalt-doped anatase TiO2 films. Epitaxial films of anatase TiO2 with 3% Co, without and with 1% niobium doping were grown by pulsed-laser deposition at 875 degrees C at different oxygen pressures. For growth at 10(-5) Torr niobium doping suppresses the ferromagnetism, while it enhances the same in films grown at 10(-4) Torr. High-resolution Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy show uniform surface segregation of cobalt-rich Ti1-x-yCoxNbyO2-delta phase, but without cobalt metal clusters. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NCEM, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ogale@squid.umd.edu RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2006 VL 88 IS 1 AR 012513 DI 10.1063/1.2161575 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 999YM UT WOS:000234428100060 ER PT J AU Catanesi, MG Muciaccia, MT Radicioni, E Simone, S Edgecock, R Ellis, M Robbins, S Soler, FJP Gossling, C Mass, M Bunyatov, S Chukanov, A Dedovitch, D Elagin, A Gostkin, M Guskov, A Khartchenko, D Klimov, O Krasnoperov, A Kustov, D Nikolaev, K Popov, B Serdiouk, V Tereshchenko, V Zhemchugov, A Di Capua, E Vidal-Sitjes, G Artamonov, A Arce, P Giani, S Gilardoni, S Gorbunov, P Grant, A Grossheim, A Gruber, P Ivanchenko, V Kayis-Topaksu, A Linssen, L Panman, J Papadopoulos, I Pasternak, J Tcherniaev, E Tsukerman, I Veenhof, R Wiebusch, C Zucchelli, P Blondel, A Borghi, S Campanelli, M Cervera-Villanueva, A Morone, MC Prior, G Schroeter, R Kato, I Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Ueda, S Ableev, V Gastaldi, U Mills, GB Graulich, JS Gregoire, G Bonesini, M Calvi, M De Min, A Ferri, F Paganoni, M Paleari, F Kirsanov, M Bagulya, A Grichine, V Polukhina, N Palladino, V Coney, L Schmitz, D Barr, G De Santo, A Pattison, C Zuber, K Bobisut, F Gibin, D Guglielmi, A Laveder, M Menegolli, A Mezzetto, M Dumarchez, J Troquereau, S Vannucci, F Ammosov, V Gapienko, V Koreshev, V Semak, A Sviridov, Y Zaets, V Dore, U Orestano, D Pasquali, M Pastore, F Tonazzo, A Tortora, L Booth, C Buttar, C Hodgson, P Howlett, L Bogomilov, M Chizhov, M Kolev, D Tsenov, R Piperov, S Temnikov, P Apollonio, M Chimenti, P Giannini, G Santin, G Hayato, Y Ichikawa, A Kobayashi, T Burguet-Castell, J Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Novella, P Sorel, M Tornero, A AF Catanesi, MG Muciaccia, MT Radicioni, E Simone, S Edgecock, R Ellis, M Robbins, S Soler, FJP Gossling, C Mass, M Bunyatov, S Chukanov, A Dedovitch, D Elagin, A Gostkin, M Guskov, A Khartchenko, D Klimov, O Krasnoperov, A Kustov, D Nikolaev, K Popov, B Serdiouk, V Tereshchenko, V Zhemchugov, A Di Capua, E Vidal-Sitjes, G Artamonov, A Arce, P Giani, S Gilardoni, S Gorbunov, P Grant, A Grossheim, A Gruber, P Ivanchenko, V Kayis-Topaksu, A Linssen, L Panman, J Papadopoulos, I Pasternak, J Tcherniaev, E Tsukerman, I Veenhof, R Wiebusch, C Zucchelli, P Blondel, A Borghi, S Campanelli, M Cervera-Villanueva, A Morone, MC Prior, G Schroeter, R Kato, I Nakaya, T Nishikawa, K Ueda, S Ableev, V Gastaldi, U Mills, GB Graulich, JS Gregoire, G Bonesini, M Calvi, M De Min, A Ferri, F Paganoni, M Paleari, F Kirsanov, M Bagulya, A Grichine, V Polukhina, N Palladino, V Coney, L Schmitz, D Barr, G De Santo, A Pattison, C Zuber, K Bobisut, F Gibin, D Guglielmi, A Laveder, M Menegolli, A Mezzetto, M Dumarchez, J Troquereau, S Vannucci, F Ammosov, V Gapienko, V Koreshev, V Semak, A Sviridov, Y Zaets, V Dore, U Orestano, D Pasquali, M Pastore, F Tonazzo, A Tortora, L Booth, C Buttar, C Hodgson, P Howlett, L Bogomilov, M Chizhov, M Kolev, D Tsenov, R Piperov, S Temnikov, P Apollonio, M Chimenti, P Giannini, G Santin, G Hayato, Y Ichikawa, A Kobayashi, T Burguet-Castell, J Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Novella, P Sorel, M Tornero, A CA HARP Collaboration TI Measurement of the production cross-section of positive pions in p-Al collisions at 12.9 GeV/c SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID ANTIPROTON PRODUCTION; NOMAD EXPERIMENT; TRACK; CONSTRUCTION AB A precision measurement of the double-differential production cross-section, d(2)sigma(pi+)/dpd Omega for pions of positive charge. performed in the HARP experiment is presented. The incident particles are protons of 12.9 GeV/c momentum impinging on an aluminium target of 5% nuclear interaction length. The measurement of this cross-section has a direct application to the calculation of the neutrino flux of the K2K experiment. After cuts, 210000 secondary tracks reconstructed in the forward spectrometer were used in this analysis. The results are given for secondaries within a momentum range from 0.75 to 6.5 GeV/c. and within an angular range from 30 mrad to 2 10 mrad. The absolute normalization was performed using prescaled beam triggers counting protons on target. The overall scale of the cross-section is known to better than 6%. while the average point-to-point error is 8.2%. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. Univ Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Univ Bari, Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-4600 Dortmund, Germany. JINR, Dubna, Russia. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. UCL, Inst Nucl Phys, Louvain, Belgium. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Naples, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Oxford, Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padua, Padua, Italy. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Rome, Rome, Italy. Univ Rome, Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 3, Rome, Italy. Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. St Kliment Ohridski Univ, Fac Phys, Sofia, Bulgaria. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Gomez-Cadenas, JJ (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, IFIC, Valencia, Spain. EM gomez@mail.cern.ch RI Graulich, Jean-Sebastien/B-4806-2009; Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; Chimenti, Pietro/F-9898-2012; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Prior, Gersende/I-8191-2013; Bagulya, Alexander/D-4273-2014; Novella, Pau/K-2845-2014; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/L-2003-2014; Grichine, Vladimir/M-8526-2015; Polukhina, Natalia/E-1610-2014; Arce, Pedro/L-1268-2014; Soler, Paul/E-8464-2011; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/G-3453-2016; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; Morone, Maria Cristina/P-4407-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; OI Chimenti, Pietro/0000-0002-9755-5066; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Novella, Pau/0000-0002-0923-3172; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/0000-0002-8224-7714; Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484; Soler, Paul/0000-0002-4893-3729; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/0000-0002-3685-0635; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; Morone, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-0200-0632; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; Prior, Gersende/0000-0002-6058-1420; DE MIN, ALBERTO/0000-0002-8130-9389; Simone, Saverio/0000-0003-3631-8398; Sorel, Michel/0000-0003-2141-9508; Schmitz, David/0000-0003-2165-7389 NR 26 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JAN 2 PY 2006 VL 732 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.10.016 PG 45 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 001YZ UT WOS:000234579900001 ER PT S AU Langella, S Oster, S Hastings, S Siebenlist, F Kurc, T Saltz, J AF Langella, Stephen Oster, Scott Hastings, Shannon Siebenlist, Frank Kurc, Tahsin Saltz, Joel BE Lee, DJ Nutter, B Antani, S Mitra, S Archibald, J TI Dorian: Grid service infrastructure for identity management and federation SO 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER-BASED MEDICAL SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems CY JUN 22-23, 2006 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCCM, Texas Tech Univ Coll Engn, Brigham Young Univ AB Identity management and federation is becoming an ever present problem in large multi-institutional environments. By their nature, Grids span multiple institutional administration boundaries and aim to provide support for the sharing of applications, data, and computational resources in a collaborative environment. One underlying problem is to enable participating institutions to manage the identities of their own members by leveraging existing institutional identity management systems, while at the same time facilitating the participation in larger Grids through the deployment of grid-wide user credentials. Those grid-Aide identities are used for features such as single sign-on, secure communication, and are the basis for authorization decisions. In this paper we will present the design and implementation of Dorian, a grid service infrastructure component that enables the federation of users across the collaboration. C1 [Langella, Stephen; Oster, Scott; Hastings, Shannon; Kurc, Tahsin; Saltz, Joel] Ohio State Univ, Dept Med Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Siebenlist, Frank] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Langella, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Med Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM langella@bmi.osu.edu; oster@bmi.osu.edu; hastings@bmi.osu.edu; franks@mcs.anl.gov; kurc@bmi.osu.edu; saltz@bmi.osu.edu FU National Cancer Institute's Center for Biomedical Informatics; Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Dept. of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institutes Center for Biomedical Informatics, under the caBIG TM project and in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract W-31- 109-Eng-38 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2372-9198 J9 COMP MED SY PY 2006 BP 756 EP + DI 10.1109/CBMS.2006.80 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFB38 UT WOS:000240724000126 ER PT S AU Chapline, G Mazur, P AF Chapline, George Mazur, Pawel BE Lerner, EJ Almeida, JB TI Tommy gold revisited: Why doesn't the universe rotate? SO 1ST CRISIS IN COSMOLOGY CONFERENCE, CCC-I SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Crisis in Cosmology Conference (CCC-1) CY JUN 23-25, 2005 CL Moncao, PORTUGAL SP Univ Minho, Inst Adv Studies Austin, Domingos Silva Teixeira, Luso Amer Fdn, Fund Para Cienc Tecnol DE dark energy; steady state cosmology; rotating universes AB Understanding gravitational collapse requires understanding how similar to 10(58) nucleons can be destroyed in similar to 10(-5) seconds. The recent proposal that the endpoint of gravitational collapse can be a "dark energy star" implies that the mass-energy of the nucleons undergoing gravitational collapse can be converted to vacuum energy when one gets near to conditions where classical general relativity predicts that a trapped surface would form. The negative pressure associated with a large vacuum energy prevents an event horizon from forming, thus resolving the long-standing puzzle as to why gravitational collapse always leads to an explosion. An indirect consequence is that the reverse process - creation of matter from vacuum energy - should also be possible. Indeed this process may be responsible for the "big bang". In this new cosmology the observable universe began as a fluctuation in an overall steady state universe. The fluctuations in the CMB in this picture are the result of quantum turbulence associated with vorticity. This explanation for the CMB fluctuations is superior to inflationary scenarios because there is a natural explanation for both the level of CMB fluctuations and the deviation from a scale invariant spectrum at large scales. C1 [Chapline, George; Mazur, Pawel] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chapline, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU Luso-American Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; niversity of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX One of the authors (GC) is very grateful to Michael Ibison and the organizers of the Crisis in Cosmology Conference for inviting him to participate in the conference, and the Luso-American Foundation for financial support. This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0296-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2006 VL 822 BP 160 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BEG39 UT WOS:000237220700015 ER PT B AU Kirby, B AF Kirby, Brendan GP IEEE TI Wide area visualization SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kirby, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 75 EP 75 DI 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668458 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700017 ER PT B AU Balducci, PJ Schienbein, LA Nguyen, TB Brown, DR Fathelrahman, EM AF Balducci, Patrick J. Schienbein, Lawrence A. Nguyen, Tony B. Brown, Daryl R. Fathelrahman, Eihab M. GP IEEE TI An examination of the costs and critical characteristics of electric utility distribution system capacity enhancement projects SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE distribution system capacity enhancement; cost deferment; demand-side management; distributed energy resources; distribution system upgrade AB This paper classifies and analyzes the capital and total costs for 172 electricity distribution system capacity enhancement projects undertaken during 1995-2002 or planned in the 2003-2011 time period by three electric power utilities in the Western United States. Projects were sorted into eight categories: capacitors, load transfer, new feeder, new line, new substation, new transformer, reconductoring, and substation capacity increase. Capital cost and total cost frequency distributions were constructed along with descriptive statistics for each project type. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was performed to determine how various project variables (e.g., project location and primary customer served by the project) impact the unit costs. Distribution system capital costs averaged $51/kVA of additional capacity and varied significantly by project type. New substations and new transformers were the most costly, $112/kVA and $87/kVA respectively, while reconductoring and substation capacity increase were found to be the least expensive ($21/kVA). Using the full costs of delivering electricity over the 30-year life of a project increased the mean project cost to $100/kVA. The OLS analysis revealed that the primary determinant of total project cost is project type. Other variables, such as the geographic location of the project and primary customer served, did not yield statistically significant results. C1 [Balducci, Patrick J.; Schienbein, Lawrence A.; Nguyen, Tony B.; Brown, Daryl R.; Fathelrahman, Eihab M.] Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Balducci, PJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM balduccip@battelle.org; lawrence.schienbein@pnl.gov; tony.nguyen@pnl.gov; daryl.brown@pnl.gov; fathelrahmane@battelle.org FU U.S.Department of Energy; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL01830]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland [WA99352 USA] FX This work was supported by the U.S.Department of Energy.The authors are with Battelle Memorial Institute and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99352 USA, operated for the U.S .Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 78 EP + DI 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668461 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700020 ER PT B AU Huang, ZY Nguyen, T Kosterev, D Guttromson, R AF Huang, Zhenyu Nguyen, Tony Kosterev, Dmitry Guttromson, Ross GP IEEE TI Model validation of power system components using hybrid dynamic simulation SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE model validation; hybrid dynamic simulation; generator modeling; synchronized phasor measurements; PSLF/PSDS; WAMS AB Hybrid dynamic simulation, with its capability of injecting external signals into dynamic simulation, opens the traditional dynamic simulation loop for interaction with actual field measurements. This simulation technique enables rigorous comparison between simulation results and actual measurements and model validation of individual power system components within a small subsystem. This paper uses a real example of generator model validation to illustrate the procedure and validity of the component model validation methodology using hybrid dynamic simulation. Initial model calibration has also been carried out to show how model validation results would be used to improve component models. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Nguyen, Tony; Guttromson, Ross] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kosterev, Dmitry] Bonneville Power Adm, Vancouver 98662, WA USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; tony.nguyen@pnl.gov; dnkosterev@bpa.gov; ross.guttromson@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS); Bonneville Power Administration; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX This work was jointly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) and by the Bonneville Power Administration. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 153 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700034 ER PT B AU Lu, N Hammerstrom, DJ AF Lu, Ning Hammerstrom, Donald J. GP IEEE TI Design considerations for frequency responsive Grid Friendly (TM) appliances SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Grid Friendly (TM) appliances; load frequency control; load shedding; frequency regulation; frequency response; load control; demand-side management; automated load control AB This paper addresses design considerations for frequency responsive Grid Friendly (TM) appliances (FR-GFAs), which can turn on/off based on frequency signals and make selective low-frequency load shedding possible at appliance level. FR-GFAs can also be treated as spinning reserve to maintain a load-to-generation balance under power system normal operation states. The paper first presents a statistical analysis on the frequency data collected in 2003 in Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) systems. Using these frequency data as an input, the triggering frequency and duration of an FRGFA device with different frequency setting schemes are simulated. Design considerations of the FR-GFA are then discussed based on simulation results. C1 [Lu, Ning; Hammerstrom, Donald J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, POB 999,MSIN K5-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, POB 999,MSIN K5-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov; donald.hammerstrom@pnl.gov FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle [DEAC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DEAC05-76RL01830. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 647 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700132 ER PT B AU Hamilton, SL Gunther, EW Drummond, RV Widergren, SE AF Hamilton, S. L. Gunther, E. W. Drummond, R. V. Widergren, S. E. GP IEEE TI Interoperability - a key element for the grid and DER of the future SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE architecture; demand response; distributed energy resources; communications; integration; interoperation AB The information exchange and coordinated control of distributed energy resources (DER, i.e., distributed generation, storage, and load) for many different purposes to the benefit of various parties represents a complex problem. The large number of DER devices means that the information exchange approaches, must be scalable, must accommodate a changing variety of communications technologies over time, and lend themselves to safe and reliable distributed decision making schemes. Mainstream information technology (IT) techniques will drive these approaches, but what can be done to facilitate integrating the vast number of these resources into the larger system so they can interoperate more easily? Establishing a common vision of interoperability principles for the integration of DER in the power system can help address this question. C1 [Hamilton, S. L.] Southern Calif Edison, Montebello Serv Ctr, Monterey, CA 91754 USA. [Gunther, E. W.] EnerNex, Knoxville, TN 37922 USA. [Drummond, R. V.] Drummond Grp, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA. [Widergren, S. E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hamilton, SL (reprint author), Southern Calif Edison, Montebello Serv Ctr, Monterey, CA 91754 USA. EM Stephanie.Hamilton@sce.com; erich@enernex.com; rvd2@drummondgroup.com; steve.widergren@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy; DOE FX The GridWise Architecture Council was formed through the support of the US Department of Energys Office of Electric Delivery and Energy Reliability [9]. Although administrative support is provided by DOE, the council members have volunteered their time and effort to the ACs activities. Their commitment to the GridWise vision and advancing the future of interoperation in the electric system is deeply appreciated. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 927 EP + DI 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668622 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700181 ER PT B AU Lu, N Nguyen, T AF Lu, Ning Nguyen, Tony GP IEEE TI Grid friendly (TM) appliances - Load-side solution for congestion management SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE competitive electricity market; demand-side management; demand response; price responsive demand; thermostatically controlled appliances; congestion management; grid friendly (TM) appliances ID ELECTRIC-POWER TRANSMISSION; MARKET AB This paper discusses the effectiveness of deploying Grid Friendly (TM) Appliances (GFAs) as a load-side solution for congestion management in a competitive electricity market, with a residential house ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) load as an example. A GFA can have a sensor and a controller installed to detect price, voltage, or frequency signals and then adjust its thermostat setpoint or turn on/off according to certain control logics. By using the congestion price as a signal to shift GFA power consumption from high-price periods to low-price periods to reduce load in load pocket areas, transmission line congestion can be successfully mitigated. The magnitude of GFA load reduction and the location of the GFA resources are critical to alleviating congestion on targeted transmission lines while not causing other tines to congest. Simulation results are presented, and the impact of implementing price-responsive GFAs on the power grid is also studied. C1 [Lu, Ning; Nguyen, Tony] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, POB 999,MSIN K5-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, POB 999,MSIN K5-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov; tony.nguyen@pnl.gov FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 1269 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700252 ER PT B AU Wilson, RE Klump, R Overholt AF Wilson, R. E. Klump, R. Overholt GP IEEE TI Taking phasor measurements to the user SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE phasor measurements; power system visualizationt AB Power system engineers are well aware of the value of phasor measurements. An important aspect is transferring this data to the user, the power system dispatcher, the reliability coordinator, and to appropriate software. Any operator must know about, trust, and begin to get a feel for the information conveyed by phasor data. This new information should be introduced to the operators early in the development stage so they have time to "kick the tires." Phasor data includes the important phase angle measurements that can supplement calculations by state estimators. As is well known, a valid state estimator solution is the key to most all advanced applications. Other sections of this panel session discuss the use of phasor data for state estimator enhancement. C1 [Wilson, R. E.] US DOE, Western Area Power Adm, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. [Klump, R.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Romeoville, IL 60446 USA. [Klump, R.] PowerWorld Corp, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Overholt] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Wilson, RE (reprint author), US DOE, Western Area Power Adm, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. EM REWilson@IEEE.org; klumpra@lewisu.edu; philip.overholt@hg.doe.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 1346 EP + DI 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668708 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700267 ER PT B AU Trudnowski, D Donnelly, M Lightner, E AF Trudnowski, Daniel Donnelly, Matt Lightner, Eric GP IEEE TI Power-system frequency and stability control using decentralized intelligent loads SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE frequency control; load management and control; dynamic stability AB Modern power systems operate on the premise that the load is uncontrollable and that system voltage, frequency and stability are primarily maintained through control of the generation. In this paper, we challenge this premise by proposing a much more active role for intelligent loads specifically related to frequency control and dynamic stability. In modern systems the load is typically only controlled under severe stability conditions via load shedding. Recent research has demonstrated that many loads could cost-effectively become intelligent, allowing for the potential of the loads to more actively participate in system operation and control. The potential benefits of active load control are investigated. Also, reliability and implementation issues are explored. Fundamental analysis and multi-machine system simulation examples are used to demonstrate many of the issues. C1 [Trudnowski, Daniel] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Donnelly, Matt] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lightner, Eric] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Trudnowski, D (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM dtrudnowski@mtech.edu; Matthew.Donnelly@pnl.gov; eric.lightner@hq.doe.gov NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 1453 EP + DI 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668732 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700291 ER PT B AU Underwood, KD Rodrigues, A Hemmert, KS AF Underwood, Keith D. Rodrigues, Arun Hemmert, K. Scott GP IEEE TI Accelerating list management for MPI SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE; NETWORK AB The latency and throughput of MPI messages are critically important to a range of parallel scientific applications. In many modern networks, both of these performance characteristics are largely driven by the performance of a processor on the network interface. Because of the semantics of MPI, this embedded processor is forced to traverse a linked list of posted receives each time a messages is received. As this list grows long, the latency of message reception grows and the throughput of MPI messages decreases. This paper presents a novel hardware feature to handle list management functions on a network interface. By moving functions such as list insertion, list traversal, and list deletion to the hardware unit, latencies are decreased by up to 20% in the zero length queue case with dramatic improvements in the presence of long queues. Similarly, the throughput is increased by up to 10% in the zero length queue case and by nearly 100% in the presence queues of 30 messages. C1 [Underwood, Keith D.; Rodrigues, Arun; Hemmert, K. Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Underwood, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kdunder@sandia.gov; afrodri@sandia.gov; kshemme@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 21 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600003 ER PT B AU Limaye, K Leangsuksun, B Greenwood, Z Scott, SL Engelmann, C Libby, R Chanchio, K AF Limaye, Kshitij Leangsuksun, Box Greenwood, Zeno Scott, Stephen L. Engelmann, Christian Libby, Richard Chanchio, Kasidit GP IEEE TI Job-site level fault tolerance for cluster and grid environments SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE AB In order to adopt high performance clusters and grid computing for mission critical applications, fault tolerance is a necessity. Common fault tolerance techniques in distributed systems are normally achieved with checkpoint-recovery and job replication on alternative resources, in cases of a system outage. The first approach depends on the system's MTTR while the latter approach depends on the availability of alternative sites to run replicas. There is a need for complementing these approaches by proactively handling failures at a job-site level, ensuring the system high availability with no loss of user submitted jobs. This paper discusses a novel fault tolerance technique* that enables the job-site recovery in Beowulf cluster-based grid environments, whereas existing techniques give up a failed system by seeking alternative resources. Our results suggest sizable aggregate performance improvement during an implementation of our method in Globus-enabled HA-OSCAR. The technique called "Smart Failover" provides a transparent and graceful recovery mechanism that saves job states in a local job-manager queue and transfers those states to the backup server periodically, and in critical system events. Thus whenever a failover occurs, the backup server is able to restart the jobs from their last saved state. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. Intel Corp, Enterprise Platforms Grp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. RP Limaye, K (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600010 ER PT B AU Liu, CA Foster, I AF Liu, Chuang Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI Efficient and robust computation of resource clusters in the internet SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE AB Applications such as parallel computing, online games, and content distribution networks need to run on a set of resources with particular network connection characteristics to get good performance. We present an efficient heuristic algorithm to find a set of resources with the property that the network latency between any pair of those resources is less (or more) than a given value in the Internet. Our algorithm proceeds in two phases: (1) we use a network flow technique to partition resources into clusters based on end-to-end network latency such that resources in a cluster have much smaller latency with each other than with other resource; then (2) we search for required resources in these clusters. We evaluate this method in a large distributed Internet environment, PlanetLab, and show that our method can improve the performance of current search algorithms remarkably. We also show that our method is robust despite incomplete and noisy latency measurement data. C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, CA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 125 EP 133 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600013 ER PT B AU Liu, Y Leangsuksun, CB Song, H Scott, SL AF Liu, Yudan Leangsuksun, Chokchai Box Song, Hertong Scott, Stephen L. GP IEEE TI Reliability-aware checkpoint/restart scheme: A performability trade-off SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE DE cluster computing; massage passing interface; reliability; fault tolerance ID DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS; RECOVERY; ROLLBACK; TIME AB In recent years, large scale clusters have been commonly deployed to solve important grand-challenge scientific problems. In order to reduce computational time, the system size has been increasingly expanded. Unfortunately, the reliability of such cluster systems goes in the opposite direction, as the extension of a system scale. Since failures of a single node could result in a system outage, it is essential to effectively deal with faulty situations in the grand challenge problem-solving environment Checkpointing is one of common fault tolerance techniques. However, there are many challenges in checkpointing such as overhead, latency and consistency, as well as recovery. In this paper, a reliability-aware checkpoint/restart method was introduced. It is a novel technique to consider checkpointing placement based on system reliability. We constructed a cost model and derived an optimal checkpoint placement function based on failure rates: A trade-off between performance and reliability (i.e. performability) was a key consideration. We also implemented a proof-of-concept and demonstrated improvements resulting from our techniques for fault-tolerant MPI applications on an HA-OSCAR cluster. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600025 ER PT B AU Brightwell, R Hudson, T Pedretti, K Riesen, R Underwood, KD AF Brightwell, Ron Hudson, Trammell Pedretti, Kevin Riesen, Rolf Underwood, Keith D. GP IEEE TI Implementation and performance of portals 3.3 on the cray XT3 SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE AB The Portals data movement interface was developed at Sandia National Laboratories in collaboration with the University of New Mexico over the last ten years. Portals is intended to provide the functionality necessary to scale a distributed memory parallel computing system to thousands of nodes. Previous versions of Portals ran on several large-scale machines, including a 1024-node nCUBE-2, a 1800-node Intel Paragon, and the 4500-node Intel ASCI Red machine. The latest version of Portals was initially developed for an 1800-node Linux/Myrinet cluster and has since been adopted by Cray as the lowest-level network programming interface for their XT3 platform. In this paper we describe the implementation of Portals 3.3 on the Cray XT3 and present some initial performance results from several micro-benchmark tests. Despite some limitations, the current implementation of Portals is able to achieve a zero-length one-way latency of under six microseconds and a uni-directional bandwidth of more than 1.1 GB/s. C1 [Brightwell, Ron; Hudson, Trammell; Pedretti, Kevin; Riesen, Rolf; Underwood, Keith D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brightwell, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 273 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600028 ER PT B AU Hsu, CH Feng, WC AF Hsu, Chung-hsing Feng, Wu-chun GP IEEE TI A feasibility analysis of power awareness in commodity-based high-performance clusters SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE AB We present a feasibility study of a power-reduction scheme that reduces the thermal power of processors by lowering frequency and voltage in the context of high-performance computing. The study revolves around a 16-processor Opteron-based Beowulf cluster, configured as four nodes of quad-processors, and shows that one can easily reduce a significant amount of CPU and system power dissipation and its associated energy costs while still maintaining high performance. Specifically, our study shows that a 5% performance slowdown can be traded off for an average of 19% system energy savings and 24% system power reduction. These preliminary empirical results, via real measurements, are encouraging because hardware failures often occur when the cluster is running hot, i.e, when the workload is heavy, and the new power-reduction scheme can effectively reduce a cluster's power demands during these busy periods. C1 [Hsu, Chung-hsing; Feng, Wu-chun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hsu, CH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM chunghsu@lanl.gov; feng@lanl.gov FU DOE LDRD Exploratory Research Program through Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36]; Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. FX This work was supported by the DOE LDRD Exploratory Research Program through Los Alamos National Laboratory contract W-7405-ENG-36 and by Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Available as LANL technical report: LA-UR 05-5649. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 295 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600030 ER PT B AU Balaji, P Feng, W Gao, Q Noronha, R Yu, W Panda, DK AF Balaji, P. Feng, W. Gao, Q. Noronha, R. Yu, W. Panda, D. K. GP IEEE TI Head-to-TOE evaluation of high-performance sockets over protocol offload engines SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE AB Despite the performance drawbacks of Ethernet, it still possesses a sizable footprint in cluster computing because of its low cost and backward compatibility to existing Ethernet infrastructure. In this paper, we demonstrate that these performance drawbacks can be reduced (and in some cases, arguably eliminated) by coupling TCP offload engines (TOEs) with 10-Gigabit Ethernet (10GigE). Although there exists significant research on individual network technologies such as 10GigE, InfiniBand (IBA), and Myrinet; to the best of our knowledge, there has been no work that compares the capabilities and limitations of these technologies with the recently introduced 10GigE TOEs in a homogeneous experimental testbed. Therefore, we present performance evaluations across 10GigE, IBA, and Myrinet (with identical cluster-compute nodes) in order to enable a coherent comparison with respect to the sockets interface. Specifically, we evaluate the network technologies at two levels: (i) a detailed micro-benchmark evaluation and (ii) an application-level evaluation with sample applications from different domains, including a bio-medical image visualization tool known as the Virtual Microscope, an iso-surface oil reservoir simulator, a cluster file-system known as the Parallel Virtual File-System (PVFS), and a popular cluster management tool known as Ganglia. In addition to 10GigE's advantage with respect to compatibility to wide-area network infrastructures, e.g., in support of grids, our results show that 10GigE also delivers performance that is comparable to traditional high-speed network technologies such as IBA and Myrinet in a system-area network environment to support clusters and that 10GigE is particularly well-suited for sockets-based applications. C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Balaji, P (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM balaji@cse.ohio-state.edu; feng@lanl.gov; gaoq@cse.ohio-state.edu; noronha@cse.ohio-state.edu; yuw@cse.ohio-state.edu; panda@cse.ohio-state.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 344 EP 353 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600035 ER PT B AU Gao, H Judson, IR Uram, T Lefvert, S Disz, TL Papka, ME Stevens, RL AF Gao, Han Judson, Ivan R. Uram, Thomas Lefvert, Susanne Disz, Terry L. Papka, Michael E. Stevens, Rick L. GP IEEE TI An infrastructure of network services for seamless integration in advanced collaborative computing environments SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE AB Advanced collaborative computing environments are one of the most important tools for integrating high-performance computers and computations and for interacting with colleagues around the world. However, heterogeneous characteristics such as network transfer rates, computational abilities, and hierarchical systems make the seamless integration of distributed resources a challenge. In this paper, we argue that advanced collaborative computing environments need an infrastructure of network services to support distributed and quality guaranteed multimedia applications. Accordingly, we propose the design of network services for high-performance collaborative computing. We present a collaborative environment network service infrastructure (CENSI) to embed network services into various systems intelligently and elastically. We also discuss three management modules: a three-party matching module (resources, requests, and network services), a module for performance monitoring and evaluation of group communications, and a module for distribution topology analysis. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Gao, H (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 381 EP 390 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600039 ER PT B AU Allcock, W Hegde, S Kettimuthu, R AF Allcock, William Hegde, Sanjay Kettimuthu, Rajkumar GP IEEE TI Restricted slow-start for TCP SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE AB In network protocol research a common goal is optimal bandwidth utilization, while still being network friendly. The drawback of TCP in networks with large bandwidth-delay products due to its AIMD based congestion control mechanism is well known. The congestion control algorithm of TCP has two phases namely slow-start phase and congestion-avoidance phase. Many researchers have focused on modifying the congestion avoidance phase of the algorithm. In this work, we propose a modification to the slow-start phase of the algorithm to achieve better performance. Restricted slow-start algorithm is a simple sender side alteration to the TCP congestion window update algorithm. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Allcock, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600046 ER PT B AU Volberg, O Larson, JW Jacob, RL Michalakes, J AF Volberg, Ovsei Larson, J. Walter Jacob, Robert L. Michalakes, John GP IEEE TI Registration and resource allocation mechanisms in high-performance application frameworks SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE C1 Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Foothills Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Volberg, O (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 457 EP 457 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600051 ER PT B AU Brandt, JM Gentile, AC Marzouk, YM Pebay, PP AF Brandt, J. M. Gentile, A. C. Marzouk, Y. M. Pebay, P. P. GP IEEE TI Meaningful automated statistical analysis of large computational clusters SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE AB As clusters utilizing commercial off-the-shelf technology have grown from tens to thousands of nodes and typical job sizes have likewise increased, much effort has been devoted to improving the scalability of message-passing fabrics, schedulers, and storage. Largely ignored, however, has been the issue of predicting node failure, which also has a large impact on scalability. In fact, more than ten years into cluster computing, we are still managing this issue on a node-by-node basis even though available diagnostic data has grown immensely. We have built a tool that uses the statistical similarity of the large number of nodes in a cluster to infer the health of each individual node. In the poster, we first present real data and statistical calculations as foundational material and justification for our claims of similarity. Next we present our methodology and its implications for early notification of deviation from normal behavior problem diagnosis, automatic code restart via interaction with scheduler, and airflow distribution monitoring in the machine room. A framework addressing scalability is discussed briefly. Lastly, we present case studies showing how our methodology has been used to detect-aberrant nodes whose deviations are still far below the detection level of traditional methods. A summary of the results of the case studies appears below. C1 [Brandt, J. M.; Gentile, A. C.; Marzouk, Y. M.; Pebay, P. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brandt, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 464 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600057 ER PT B AU Ustemirov, N Sosonkina, M AF Ustemirov, Nurzhan Sosonkina, Masha GP IEEE TI Co-scheduling parallel electronic structure calculations in SMP cluster environments SO 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING (CLUSTER) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 27-30, 2005 CL Burlington, MA SP IEEE C1 [Ustemirov, Nurzhan; Sosonkina, Masha] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ustemirov, N (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nurzhan@scl.ameslab.gov; masha@scl.ameslab.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-82]; Iowa State University; University of Minnesota Duluth FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-82, in part by Iowa State University under University Research Grant, and in part by the University of Minnesota Duluth. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9485-8 PY 2006 BP 478 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFZ88 UT WOS:000245714600066 ER PT B AU Wang, HL Xie, J Sansinena, JM Gao, JB AF Wang, Hsing-Lin Xie, Jian Sansinena, Jose-Maria Gao, Junbo GP IEEE TI Toward development of next generation solid-state artificial flying muscles using conducting polymers SO 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO 2005) CY JUL 05-09, 2005 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE component; polyaniline; solid-state; actuator; conducting polymer ID POLYANILINE FIBERS; ACTUATORS; POLYPYRROLE; TRANSPORT; GEL AB We report here the fabrication and characterization of solid-state, conducting polymer actuators. The electrochemical activity of polyaniline (PANI) thin film coated with solid-state polyelectrolyte is very similar to the polyaniline thin film in an aqueous solution. The solid-state actuator is adhered to a lever arm of an force transducer and the force generation is measured. The force generated by the actuator is found to be length dependent. However, the overall torques generated by the actuators with different lengths remains essentially the same. The effect of stimulation signals such as voltage, current, on the bending angle and displacement is also studied using square wave potential. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, MSJ 586,B-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-9315-5 PY 2006 BP 422 EP 426 PG 5 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA BFD88 UT WOS:000241317800078 ER PT B AU Shao, XM Heavner, M AF Shao, Xuan-Min Heavner, Matthew GP IEEE TI On the VLF/LF radiation pulse shapes at the initial milliseconds of lightning discharges SO 2006 17TH INTERNATIONAL ZURICH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE AB This report examines the shape and amplitude of the VLF/LF radiation pulses within the initial milliseconds of lightning discharges. A simple model regarding the discharge process and channel condition is proposed to compute the radiation pulses. With some reasonable assumptions regarding the current propagation speed and the current damp length, the modeled pulses are in good agreement with the observations. Based on our analysis, we infer that lightning channel becomes increasingly active during the first hundreds of lis and then becomes continuously less active thereafter. C1 [Shao, Xuan-Min] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Heavner, Matthew] Southeast Univ Alaska, Dept Nat Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Shao, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-9522990-3-6 PY 2006 BP 402 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS74 UT WOS:000244386300103 ER PT B AU Sepulveda, N Aslam, DM Sullivan, JP Wendt, JR McKenzie, BB AF Sepulveda, Nelson Aslam, Dean M. Sullivan, John P. Wendt, Joel R. McKenzie, Bonnie B. GP IEEE TI Polycrystalline diamond micromechanical resonators with nanometer dimensions SO 2006 1ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANO/MICRO ENGINEERED AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference of Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems CY JAN 18-21, 2006 CL Zhuhai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE DE cantilever beams; energy dissipation; polycrystalline diamond; quality factor ID NANOCRYSTALLINE-DIAMOND; THIN-FILMS; DISSIPATION; TECHNOLOGY AB This paper reports the fabrication technology and testing of polycrystalline diamond (poly-C) mechanical resonators with dimensions as small as 100 nm for the first time. The fabricated structures include cantilever structures patterned using electron beam lithography to have widths of 100 nm, and torsional paddle resonators with a support beam width of 0.5 mu m, which sustained a proof mass around 6.16 x10(-13) Kg. The performance of these structures shows resonant frequencies and quality factor (Q) values in the range of 23 KHz - 805 KHz and 9,580 - 103,600 respectively. The structures were tested using piezoelectric actuation and light interferometer detection techniques. Torsional resonators were fabricated from different poly-C films in order to study the influence of the poly-C film in the resonator Q. C1 [Sepulveda, Nelson] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Aslam, Dean M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept of Electrical And Computer, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sullivan, John P.; Wendt, Joel R.; McKenzie, Bonnie B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostructures And SemiconductorPhysics Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sepulveda, N (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RI Sepulveda, Nelson/E-6536-2011 OI Sepulveda, Nelson/0000-0002-9676-8529 FU Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation [EEC-9986866]; multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp; Lockheed Martin Co; NNSA [DE-AC04- 94AL85000] FX Nelson Sepulveda is thankful to the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation for academic support, and to Warren (Neil) Welch for the help in the processing of the samples used for this work. This work is also supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number EEC-9986866. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Co., for the U.S. DOEs NNSA under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0139-0 PY 2006 BP 662 EP + DI 10.1109/NEMS.2006.334868 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGM58 UT WOS:000248485801034 ER PT B AU Zhu, XW Aslam, DM Sepulveda, N Sullivan, JP AF Zhu, Xiangwei Aslam, Dean M. Sepulveda, Nelson Sullivan, J. P. GP IEEE TI Diamond thin film micro-package for MEMS resonator SO 2006 1ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANO/MICRO ENGINEERED AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference of Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems CY JAN 18-21, 2006 CL Zhuhai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE DE diamond; package; MEMS; resonator AB This paper reports the development of a polycrystalline diamond (poly-C) thin film encapsulation packaging process which is integrated into the MEMS cantilever resonator fabrication. The high Young's modulus and chemical stability of poly-C make it an excellent candidate material for a thin film package. A test chip is fabricated using a 4-mask process. First, polymC cantilever beam resonator is fabricated using a 2-mask process, while PECVD SiO2 serves as sacrificial layer material. Then, another sacrificial PECVD SiO2 layer with a thickness in the range of 4-5 mu m is deposited at 350 degrees C and is patterned to create package anchor. A 4-mu m-thick poly-C film is grown and patterned to provide fluidic access ports for the releasing of the package. Then, the fluidic access ports are sealed with an additional poly-C growth. To evaluate the efficacy of the poly-C encapsulation process, poly-C cantilever beam resonators were tested using piezoelectric actuation and laser detection method before and after poly-C packaging process. Resonance frequencies measured before and after are in the range of 240320 KHz, which is consistent with theoretical calculations. The application of diamond for thin film packaging is being reported for the first time. C1 [Zhu, Xiangwei; Aslam, Dean M.; Sepulveda, Nelson] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sullivan, J. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhu, XW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM zhuxiang@egr.msu.edu RI Sepulveda, Nelson/E-6536-2011 OI Sepulveda, Nelson/0000-0002-9676-8529 FU Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation [EEC-9986866] FX This work was supported primarily by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number EEC-9986866. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0139-0 PY 2006 BP 1280 EP + DI 10.1109/NEMS.2006.334715 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGM58 UT WOS:000248485802058 ER PT S AU Wheeler, J Rohrer, B Kholwadwala, D Givler, R Neely, J Hobart, C Galambos, P Buerger, S AF Wheeler, Jason Rohrer, Brandon Kholwadwala, Deepesh Givler, Richard Neely, Jason Hobart, Clint Galambos, Paul Buerger, Stephen GP IEEE TI In-sole MEMS pressure sensing for a Lower-Extremity Exoskeleton SO 2006 1ST IEEE RAS-EMBS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ROBOTICS AND BIOMECHATRONICS, VOLS 1-3 SE Proceedings of the IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2006) CY FEB 20-22, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE, RAS, EMBS, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Int Soc Gerontechnol, SIRI, AURION, ONDI, ERA Endoscopy, KTeam, ROBOTECH srl, Carismi DE pressure sensing; MEMS; exoskeletons; ground contact pressure AB The control system for the Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton (BLEEX) requires ground contact pressure information to operate safely and effectively. Commercially available in-sole sensors do not have sufficient bandwidth, accuracy and reliability for such a system. We have designed and prototyped an in-sole ground contact sensor, that uses MEMS pressure transducers placed in an array of hermetically sealed cavities. This system provides a robust method to monitor ground contact pressures. C1 [Wheeler, Jason; Rohrer, Brandon; Kholwadwala, Deepesh; Buerger, Stephen] Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Cybernet Syst Integrat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Givler, Richard; Neely, Jason; Hobart, Clint; Galambos, Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wheeler, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Cybernet Syst Integrat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwwheel@sandia.gov FU DARPA FX This work is supported by DARPA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-1782 BN 978-1-4244-0039-3 J9 P IEEE RAS-EMBS INT PY 2006 BP 787 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BFS90 UT WOS:000244445100135 ER PT S AU Rohrer, B Hulet, S AF Rohrer, Brandon Hulet, Steven GP IEEE TI A learning and control approach based on the human neuromotor system SO 2006 1ST IEEE RAS-EMBS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ROBOTICS AND BIOMECHATRONICS, VOLS 1-3 SE Proceedings of the IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob 2006) CY FEB 20-22, 2006 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE, RAS, EMBS, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Int Soc Gerontechnol, SIRI, AURION, ONDI, ERA Endoscopy, KTeam, ROBOTECH srl, Carismi DE adaptive control; machine learning; discrete-time; temporal difference learning ID TRAJECTORY FORMATION; MOVEMENTS AB Current models of human motor learning and control typically employ continuous (or near continuous) movement commands and sensory information. However, research suggests that voluntary motor commands are issued in discrete-time submovements. There is also reasonable support for the hypothesis that human sensory experience is episodic as well. These facts have motivated the development of a learning algorithm that employs discrete-time sensory and motor control events, S-learning. We present this algorithm together with the results of simulated robot control. The results show that the learning that takes place is adaptive and is robust to a variety of conditions that many traditional controllers are not capable of handling, including random errors in the actuators and sensors, random transmission time delays, hard nonlinearities, time varying system behavior, and unknown structure of system dynamics. The performance of S-learning suggests that it may be an appropriate high-level control scheme for complex robotic systems, including walking, cooperative manipulation, and humanoid robots. C1 [Rohrer, Brandon] Sandia Natl Labs, Cybernet Syst Integrat Dept, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, MS 1010,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hulet, Steven] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Provo 84604, UT USA. RP Rohrer, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Cybernet Syst Integrat Dept, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, MS 1010,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM brrohre@sandia.gov; stevehulet@gmail.com FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-1782 BN 978-1-4244-0039-3 J9 P IEEE RAS-EMBS INT PY 2006 BP 813 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BFS90 UT WOS:000244445100140 ER PT B AU Tringe, J MoberlyChan, W Stevens, C Davydov, A Motayed, A AF Tringe, Joseph MoberlyChan, Warren Stevens, Charles Davydov, Albert Motayed, Abhishek GP IEEE TI Electron beam-induced light emission and transport in GaN nanowires SO 2006 1st International Conference on Nano-Networks and Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Nano-Networks and Workshops CY SEP 14-16, 2006 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE DE nanowire; GaN; light; waveguide; optical ID OPTICAL INTERCONNECT AB We report observations of electron beam-induced light from GaN nanowires grown by chemical vapor deposition. GaN nanowires were modified in-situ with deposited opaque platinum coatings to estimate the extent to which light is channeled to the ends of nanowires. Some evidence of light channeling was found, but wire microstructure and defects play an important role in light scattering and transport, limiting the extent to which light is confined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tringe, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0390-5 PY 2006 BP 82 EP 85 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Telecommunications SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Telecommunications GA BFZ82 UT WOS:000245713500016 ER PT B AU Karnowski, TP Govindasamy, VP Tobin, KW Chaum, E AF Karnowski, Thomas P. Govindasamy, V. Priya Tobin, Kenneth W., Jr. Chaum, Edward GP IEEE TI Locating the optic nerve in retinal images: Comparing model-based and Bayesian decision methods SO 2006 28TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-15 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2006 CL New York, NY SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc AB In this work we compare two methods for automatic optic nerve (ON) localization in retinal imagery. The first method uses a Bayesian decision theory discriminator based on four spatial features of the retina imagery. The second method uses a principal component-based reconstruction to model the ON. We report on an improvement to the model-based technique by incorporating linear discriminant analysis and Bayesian decision theory methods. We explore a method to combine both techniques to produce a composite technique with high accuracy and rapid throughput. Results are shown for a data set of 395 images with 2-fold validation testing. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Karnowski, TP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM karnowskitp@ornl.gov; muthusamygov@ornl.gov; tobinkwjr@ornl.gov; echaum@utmem.edu FU National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health [RO1-EY017065]; UTBATTELLE, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported in part by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health (RO1- EY017065). This paper was prepared by the OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6285, operated by UTBATTELLE, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0032-4 PY 2006 BP 842 EP 845 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BGI19 UT WOS:000247284700209 ER PT B AU Price, JR Aykac, D Wall, J AF Price, Jeffery R. Aykac, Deniz Wall, Jonathan GP IEEE TI A 3D level sets method for segmenting the mouse spleen and follicles in volumetric microCT images SO 2006 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vols 1-15 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2006 CL New York, NY SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Sci ID ACTIVE CONTOURS; SEGMENTATION AB We present a semi-automatic, 3D approach for segmenting the mouse spleen, and its interior follicles, in volumetric microCT imagery. Based upon previous 2D level sets work, we develop a fully 3D implementation and provide the corresponding finite difference formulas. We incorporate statistical and proximity weighting schemes to improve segmentation performance. We also note an issue with the original algorithm and propose a solution that proves beneficial in our experiments. Experimental results are provided for artificial and real data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Price, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0032-4 PY 2006 BP 1326 EP 1330 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BGI19 UT WOS:000247284701116 ER PT B AU Mukerjee, EV Isseroff, RR Nuccitelli, R Collins, SD Smith, RL AF Mukerjee, E. V. Isseroff, R. R. Nuccitelli, R. Collins, S. D. Smith, R. L. GP IEEE TI Microneedle array for measuring wound generated electric fields SO 2006 28TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-15 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2006 CL New York, NY SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc AB A microneedle array has been fabricated and applied to the measurement of transdermal skin potentials in human subjects. Potential changes were recorded in the vicinity of superficial wounds, confirming the generation of a lateral electric field in human skin. The measured electric field decays with distance from the wound edge, and is directed towards the wound. The measurement of endogenous fields in skin is a prelude to the study of the therapeutic efficacy of applied electric fields to chronic non-healing wounds.. C1 [Mukerjee, E. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Isseroff, R. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nuccitelli, R.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. [Collins, S. D.] Univ Maine, Dept Chem, Surface Sci & Technol Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Smith, R. L.] Univ Maine, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Surface Sci & Technol Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Mukerjee, EV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mukerjee2@llnl.gov; rrisseroff@ucdavis.edu; rnuccite@odu.edu; scott.collins@maine.edu; rosemary.smith@maine.edu RI Smith, Rosemary/H-7359-2015; Collins, Scott/A-5806-2016 OI Smith, Rosemary/0000-0001-8483-6777; Collins, Scott/0000-0003-0204-5109 FU DARPA BioFLIPS [N66001- 01-C-8001] FX This work was supported in part by DARPA BioFLIPS, contract # N66001- 01-C-8001. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0032-4 PY 2006 BP 5627 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BGI19 UT WOS:000247284706134 ER PT B AU May, EE Dolan, P Crozier, P Brozik, S AF May, E. E. Dolan, P. Crozier, P. Brozik, S. GP IEEE TI Syndrome-based discril-nination of single nucleotide polyniorphisim SO 2006 28TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-15 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2006 CL New York, NY SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc DE DNA sensors; hYbridization; SNP; single nucleotide polymorphisyn; coding theory AB The ability to discriminate nucleic acid sequences is necessary for a wide variety of applications: high throughput screening, distinguishing genetically modified organisms (GMCs), molecular computing, differentiating biological markers, fingerprinting a specific sensor response for complex systems, etc. Hybridization-based target recognition and discrimination is central to the operation of nucleic acid sensor systems. Therefore developing a quantitative correlation between mishybridization events and sensor output is critical to the accurate interpretation of results. In this work, using experimental data produced by introducing single mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) in the probe sequence of computational catalytic molecular beacons (deoxyribozyme gates) [1], we investigate coding theory algorithms for uniquely categorizing SNPs based on the calculation of syndromes. C1 [May, E. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dolan, P.; Brozik, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Crozier, P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Comp Mat & Methods Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP May, EE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eemay@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0032-4 PY 2006 BP 5979 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BGI19 UT WOS:000247284706220 ER PT B AU Vogel, A Dasgeb, B Hassan, M Amyot, F Chemomordik, V Tao, Y Demos, SG Wyvile, K Aleman, K Little, R Yarchoan, R Gandjbakhche, AH AF Vogel, Abby Dasgeb, Bahar Hassan, Moinuddin Amyot, Franck Chemomordik, Victor Tao, Yang Demos, Stavros G. Wyvile, Kathleen Aleman, Karen Little, Richard Yarchoan, Robert Gandjbakhche, Amir H. GP IEEE TI Using quantitative imaging techniques to assess vascularity in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma SO 2006 28TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-15 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2006 CL New York, NY SP IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc DE multi-modality imaging; laser Doppler imaging; thermography; near-infrared spectroscopy ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; SKIN AB Three quantitative and non-invasive techniques were used to monitor angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma patients: thermography, laser Doppler imaging (LDI), and near-infrared spectroscopy. Before and after combination cytotoxic and antiangiogenesis therapy, blood volume, oxygenated hemoglobin, temperature, and blood flow were analyzed. These three techniques are objective, easy to perform, and appear to be very sensitive in assessing changes in the lesions upon administration of therapy. C1 [Vogel, Abby; Dasgeb, Bahar; Hassan, Moinuddin; Amyot, Franck; Chemomordik, Victor; Gandjbakhche, Amir H.] NICHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vogel, Abby; Tao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Demos, Stavros G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wyvile, Kathleen; Aleman, Karen; Little, Richard; Yarchoan, Robert] NCI, NIH, HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Vogel, A (reprint author), NICHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM vogelab@mail.nih.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0032-4 PY 2006 BP 6242 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BGI19 UT WOS:000247284707061 ER PT B AU Zurawski, J Swany, M Gunter, D AF Zurawski, Jason Swany, Martin Gunter, Dan GP IEEE TI A scalable framework for representation and exchange of network measurements SO 2006 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TESTBEDS AND RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORKS & COMMUNITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities CY MAR 01-03, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN AB Grid and distributed computing environments are evolving rapidly and driving the development of system and network technologies. The design of applications has placed an increased emphasis upon adapting application behavior based on the performance of the network. In addition, network operators and network researchers are naturally interested in gathering and studying network performance infonnation. This work-presents an extensible framework for the storage and exchange of performance measurements. Leveraging existing storage and exchange mechanisms, the proposed framework is capable of handling a wide variety of measurements while delivering performance comparable to that of less flexible, ad-hoc solutions. C1 [Zurawski, Jason; Swany, Martin] Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Gunter, Dan] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zurawski, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM zurawski@cis.udel.edu; swany@cis.udel.edu; dkgunter@lbl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0105-4 PY 2006 BP 391 EP 399 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFG05 UT WOS:000241656300055 ER PT S AU Lesieutre, BC Roy, S Donde, V Pinar, A AF Lesieutre, Bernard C. Roy, Sandip Donde, Vaibhav Pinar, Ali GP IEEE TI Power system extreme event screening using graph partitioning SO 2006 38TH ANNUAL NORTH AMERICAN POWER SYMPOSIUM, NAPS-2006 PROCEEDINGS SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 17-19, 2006 CL So Illinois Univ Carbondale, Carbondale, IL SP IEEE Power ENGN Soc, SIUC, Vice Chancellor Res, SIUC, Coll Engn, SIUC, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mat Technol Ctr, Coal Res Ctr HO So Illinois Univ Carbondale DE graph partitioning; extreme events ID EIGENVECTORS; MATRICES AB We propose a partitioning problem in a power system context that weighs the two objectives of minimizing cuts between partitions and maximizing the power imbalance between partitions. We then pose the problem in a purely graph theoretic sense. We offer an approximate solution through relaxation of the integer problem and suggest refinement using stochastic methods. Results are presented for the IEEE 30-bus and 118-bus electric power systems. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lesieutre, BC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM BCLesieutre@lbl.gov; sory@eecs.wsu.edu; VDonde@lbl.gov; APinar@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-4244-0227-4 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2006 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1109/NAPS.2006.359618 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGH07 UT WOS:000246829900069 ER PT S AU Kroposki, B Levene, J Harrison, K Sen, PK Novachek, F AF Kroposki, Benjamin Levene, Johanna Harrison, Kevin Sen, P. K. Novachek, Frank GP IEEE TI Electrolysis: Opportunities for electric power utilities in a hydrogen economy SO 2006 38TH ANNUAL NORTH AMERICAN POWER SYMPOSIUM, NAPS-2006 PROCEEDINGS SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 17-19, 2006 CL So Illinois Univ Carbondale, Carbondale, IL SP IEEE Power ENGN Soc, SIUC, Vice Chancellor Res, SIUC, Coll Engn, SIUC, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mat Technol Ctr, Coal Res Ctr HO So Illinois Univ Carbondale DE hydrogen; electrolysis; renewable energy; wind; solar AB As the demand for energy, both in the form of electricity and transportation fuel, increase around the world, a renewed focus on converting to a hydrogen economy has emerged. Recent advancements in hydrogen technologies and renewable energy applications show the promise of converting to a hydrogen-based economy should become economically feasible in the near- to mid-term. As the shift from a fossil fuel to a hydrogen based economy unfolds, electric power utilities should be in a position to understand the potential benefits and impacts. This paper provides a historical perspective of hydrogen, discusses the process of electrolysis for hydrogen production especially from solar and wind technologies and describes the opportunities for electric power utilities. C1 [Kroposki, Benjamin; Levene, Johanna; Harrison, Kevin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sen, P. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Novachek, Frank] Xcel Energy, Denver, CO 80201 USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM benjamin_kroposki@nrel.gov; johanna_levene@nrel.gov; kevin_harrison@nrel.gov; psen@mines.edu; Frank.Novachek@xcelenergy.com FU Department of Energy under manufacturers; NASA; float gas producers; public utilities MRI [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; NSF Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) for generator cooling and corrosion prevention in nuclear FX This work was supported at NREL by the Department of Energy under manufacturers, NASA, float gas producers, and public utilities MRI Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Dr. Sen would like to acknowledge the NSF Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) for generator cooling and corrosion prevention in nuclear for supporting this work. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-4244-0227-4 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2006 BP 567 EP + DI 10.1109/NAPS.2006.359628 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGH07 UT WOS:000246829900078 ER PT S AU Peng, HC Long, FH Eisen, MB Myers, EW AF Peng, Hanchuan Long, Fuhui Eisen, Michael B. Myers, Eugene W. GP IEEE TI Clustering gene expression patterns of fly embryos SO 2006 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 06-09, 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE AB The spatio-temporal patterning of gene expression in early embryos is an important source of information for understanding the functions of genes involved in development. Most analyses to date rely on biologists' visual inspection of microscope images, which for large-scale datasets becomes impractical and subjective. In this paper, we introduce a new method for clustering 2D images of gene expression patterns in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) embryos. These patterns, typically generated from in situ hybridization of mRNA probes, reveal when, where and how abundantly a target gene is expressed. Our method involves two steps. First, we use an eigen-embryo model to reduce noise and generate feature vectors that form a better basis for capturing the salient aspects of quantized embryo images. Second, we cluster these feature vectors by an efficient minimum-spanning-tree partition algorithm. We investigate this approach on fly embryo datasets that span the entire course of embryogenesis. The experimental results show that our clustering algorithm produces superior pattern clusters. We also find previously unobserved clusters of genes that share biologically interesting patterns of gene-expression. C1 [Peng, Hanchuan; Eisen, Michael B.; Myers, Eugene W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Peng, Hanchuan; Long, Fuhui; Myers, Eugene W.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Janelia Farm Res Campus, Ashland, VA USA. RP Peng, HC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Peng, Hanchuan/A-1798-2011; OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-0-7803-9576-3 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2006 BP 1144 EP + PG 2 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFS91 UT WOS:000244446000289 ER PT S AU Nieman, LT Sinclair, MB Timlin, JA Jones, HDT Haaland, DM AF Nieman, Linda T. Sinclair, Michael B. Timlin, Jerilyn A. Jones, Howland D. T. Haaland, David M. GP IEEE TI Hyperspectral imaging system for quantitative identification and discrimination of fluorescent labels in the presence of autofluorescence SO 2006 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: MACRO TO NANO, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY APR 06-09, 2006 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE ID IMAGES AB Multivariate data analysis applied to hyperspectral images offers the unique opportunity to dramatically increase the amount of information gained from a single biological sample. Numerous fluorescent tags can be used to perform multiple studies in parallel from a single hyperspectral image scan. Highly spatially and spectrally overlapping fluorophores can be separated even amidst a large autofluorescence background with the use of multivariate curve resolution methods. The results of two biological samples with multiple fluorescent labels are shown and compared to a traditional filter-based multispectral system. These examples illustrate the combined power of the hyperspectral microscope hardware and the multivariate image analysis software for biomedical imaging. This technique has the potential to be applied to a broad array of biological applications where fluorescent tags are a central and ubiquitous tool, and to biomedical areas that focus on the discovery and identification of weak, broad spectrum native fluorescence. C1 [Nieman, Linda T.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Timlin, Jerilyn A.; Jones, Howland D. T.; Haaland, David M.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Nieman, LT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. OI Timlin, Jerilyn/0000-0003-2953-1721 FU NIH [#5R01AG023309-01]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program for Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation FX The authors wish to thank John F. Guzowski for providing labeledrat brain tissue sections and Jeb H. Flemming for providing labeled yeast cells. This work was funded in part by the NIH grant #5R01AG023309-01, and by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program for Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-0-7803-9576-3 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2006 BP 1288 EP + PG 2 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BFS91 UT WOS:000244446000325 ER PT B AU Gibbard, B Katramatos, D Yu, DT Mckee, S AF Gibbard, Bruce Katramatos, Dirnitrios Yu, Dantong Mckee, Shawn GP IEEE TI TeraPaths: End-to-end network path QoS configuration using cross-domain reservation negotiation SO 2006 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications Networks and Systems CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE AB TeraPaths is a DOE MICS/SciDAC-funded project conceived to address the needs of the high energy and nuclear physics scientific community for effectively protecting data flows of various levels of priority through modern high-speed networks. TeraPaths is rapidly evolving from a last-mile, LAN QoS provider to a distributed end-to-end network path QoS negotiator through multiple administrative domains. Developed as a web service-based software system, TeraPaths automates the establishment of network paths with QoS guarantees between end sites by configuring their corresponding LANs and requesting MPLS paths through WANs on behalf of end users. The primary mechanism for the creation of such paths is the negotiation and placement of advance reservations across all involved domains. This paper describes the status of the project, our experiences so far, as well as the directions of our continued work. C1 [Gibbard, Bruce; Katramatos, Dirnitrios; Yu, Dantong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mckee, Shawn] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gibbard, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gibbard@bnl.gov; dkat@bnl.gov; dtyu@bnl.gov; smckee@umich.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0424-7 PY 2006 BP 766 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGW11 UT WOS:000250867800083 ER PT B AU Bobyshev, A Crawford, M Demar, P Grigaliunas, V Grigoriev, M Moibenko, A Petravick, D Rechenmacher, R Newman, H Bunn, J Van Lingen, F Nae, D Ravot, S Steenberg, C Su, X Thomas, M Xia, Y AF Bobyshev, A. Crawford, M. DeMar, P. Grigaliunas, V. Grigoriev, M. Moibenko, A. Petravick, D. Rechenmacher, R. Newman, H. Bunn, J. Van Lingen, F. Nae, D. Ravot, S. Steenberg, C. Su, X. Thomas, M. Xia, Y. GP IEEE TI Lambda station: On-demand flow based routing for data intensive grid applications over multitopology networks SO 2006 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications Networks and Systems CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE AB Lambda Station is an ongoing project of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology. The goal of this project is to design, develop and deploy network services for path selection, admission control and flow based forwarding of traffic among data-intensive Grid applications such as are used in High Energy Physics and other communities. Lambda Station deals with the last-mile problem in local area networks, connecting production clusters through a rich array of wide area networks. Selective forwarding of traffic is controlled dynamically at the demand of applications. This paper introduces the motivation of this project, design principles and current status. Integration of Lambda Station client API with the essential Grid middleware such as the dCache/SRM Storage Resource Manager is also described. Finally, the results of applying Lambda Station services to development and production clusters at Fermilab and Caltech. over advanced networks such as DOE's UltraScience Net and NSF's UltraLight is covered. C1 [Bobyshev, A.; Crawford, M.; DeMar, P.; Grigaliunas, V.; Grigoriev, M.; Moibenko, A.; Petravick, D.; Rechenmacher, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Newman, H.; Bunn, J.; Van Lingen, F.; Nae, D.; Ravot, S.; Steenberg, C.; Su, X.; Thomas, M.; Xia, Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Bobyshev, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0424-7 PY 2006 BP 960 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGW11 UT WOS:000250867800104 ER PT B AU Guok, C Robertson, D Thompson, M Lee, J Tierney, B Johnston, W AF Guok, Chin Robertson, David Thompson, Mary Lee, Jason Tierney, Brian Johnston, William GP IEEE TI Intra. and interdomain circuit provisioning using the OSCARS reservation system SO 2006 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications Networks and Systems CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE AB With the advent of service sensitive applications such as remote controlled experiments, time constrained massive data transfers, and video-conferencing, it has become apparent that there is a need for the setup of dynamically provisioned, quality of service enabled virtual circuits. The ESnet On-Demand Secure Circuits and Advance Reservation System (OSCARS) is a prototype service enabling advance reservation of guaranteed bandwidth secure virtual circuits. OSCARS. operates within the Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), and has provisions for interoperation with other network domains. ESnet is a high-speed network serving thousands of Department of Energy scientists and collaborators worldwide. OSCARS utilizes the Web services model and standards to implement communication with the system and between domains, and for authentication, authorization, and auditing (AAA). The management and operation of end-to-end virtual circuits within the network is done at the layer 3 network level. Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) are used to create the virtual circuits or Label Switched Paths (LSP's). Quality of Service (QoS) is used to provide bandwidth guarantees. This paper describes our experience in implementing OSCARS, collaborations with other bandwidth-reservation projects (including interdomain testing) and future work to be done. C1 [Guok, Chin; Robertson, David; Johnston, William] Energy Sci Network, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Robertson, David; Thompson, Mary; Lee, Jason; Tierney, Brian; Johnston, William] Ernest Orlando, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guok, C (reprint author), Energy Sci Network, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chin@es.net; dwrobertson@lbl.gov; mrthompson@lbl.gov; jrlee@lbl.gov; bltierney@Ibl.gov; wej@es.net FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science. Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research. Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231. This is LBNL report number LBNL-60373.; The authors would like to thank Bob Riddle and Andrew Lake of Internet2, both for help in the incorporation of BRUW, and for work on interoperability tests. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0424-7 PY 2006 BP 969 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGW11 UT WOS:000250867800105 ER PT B AU Bresnahan, J Kettimuthu, R Foster, I AF Bresnahan, John Kettimuthu, Rajkurnar Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI XIOPerf: A tool for evaluating network protocols SO 2006 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications Networks and Systems CY OCT 01-05, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE AB The nature of Grid and distributed computing implies communication between heterogeneous systems over a wide and ever-changing variety of network environments. Often large amounts of data are stored in remote locations and must be transmitted in bulk. It is desirable to have the bulk data transfers be as fast as possible; however, because of the dynamic networks involved, it is often hard to predict what protocol will provide the fastest service for a given situation. In this paper we present XIOPerf, a network protocol testing and evaluation tool. XIOPerf is a command line program written on top of Globus XIO with a simple and well-defined interface to many different protocol implementations. XIOPerf was created to give users a way to quickly and easily experiment with an open-ended set of protocols over real networks to determine which will best suit their needs. We present a brief study of the overhead introduced by XIOPerf and the performance when using a variety of protocols. C1 [Bresnahan, John; Kettimuthu, Rajkurnar; Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bresnahan, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bresnaha@mcs.anl.gov; kettimut@mcs.anl.gov; foster@mcs.anl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0424-7 PY 2006 BP 987 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGW11 UT WOS:000250867800107 ER PT B AU Robertazzi, TG Yu, DT AF Robertazzi, Thornas G. Yu, Dantong GP IEEE TI Multi-source grid scheduling for divisible loads SO 2006 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) CY MAR 22-24, 2006 CL Princeton, NJ SP Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, IEEE Informat Theory Soc AB The applicability of min cost flow and multi-commodity flow mathematical programming problems to steady state, multi-source divisible load scheduling: is examined. Applying the linear model concept of superposition to such steady state multi-source load distribution is suggested for linear and more general topologies. Finally, the use of heuristic optimization for a transient multi-source load distribution problem is discussed. C1 [Robertazzi, Thornas G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Yu, Dantong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Robertazzi, TG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tom@ece.sunysb.edu; dtyu@bnl.gov FU DOE RHIC/ATLAS FX Dantong Yu's work is supported by DOE RHIC/ATLAS grants. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0349-9 PY 2006 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.1109/CISS.2006.286459 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BFU76 UT WOS:000244721800034 ER PT B AU Li, Y Krakow, LW Chong, EKP Groom, KN AF Li, Y. Krakow, L. W. Chong, E. K. P. Groom, K. N. GP IEEE TI Dynamic sensor management for multisensor multitarget tracking SO 2006 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) CY MAR 22-24, 2006 CL Princeton, NJ SP Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID PARTICLE FILTERS; ALGORITHMS AB We study the problem of sensor scheduling for multisensor multitarget tracking-to determine which sensors to activate over time to trade off tracking error with sensor usage costs. Formulating this problem as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) gives rise to a non-myopic sensor-scheduling scheme. Our method combines sequential multisensor Joint Probabilistic Data Association (MS-JPDA) and particle filtering for belief-state estimation, and uses simulation-based Q-value approximation method for "lookahead:" The example of focus in this paper involves the activation or multiple sensors simultaneously for tracking multiple targets, illustrating the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Li, Y.; Chong, E. K. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Krakow, L. W.; Chong, E. K. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Groom, K. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Chong, Edwin/A-3053-2008 OI Chong, Edwin/0000-0002-7622-4815 FU DARPA [FA9550-04-1-0371, FA8750-05-2-0285]; Sandia National Labs [305149] FX This research was supported in part by DARPA under contracts FA9550-04-1-0371 and FA8750-05-2-0285, and by Sandia National Labs under contract 305149. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0349-9 PY 2006 BP 1397 EP 1402 DI 10.1109/CISS.2006.286683 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BFU76 UT WOS:000244721800258 ER PT S AU Younghouse, S AF Younghouse, Steven GP IEEE TI Practical high-frequency sonar for intruder detection in very shallow environments SO 2006: 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conferences Security Technology, Proceedings SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Lexington, KY SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ, Sandia Natl Lab, SAIC, Senstar Stellar AB An active high-frequency sonar system has been identified that is appropriate for detection and classification of human-sized targets in very shallow littoral environments. The system uses technology that is currently in use in fisheries acoustics. This technology has been optimized over the last few decades to provide a robust, cost-effective solution for detection of biological targets in cluttered environments. These systems have been proven over many years of use in fish detection applications, and as such are potentially suitable for deployment in security applications in the near future. In this presentation we will discuss important characteristics of the technology, as well as steps that are being taken towards its adaptation for Security use. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Younghouse, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 1-4244-0174-7 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2006 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1109/CCST.2006.313424 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BFO68 UT WOS:000243472000004 ER PT S AU Shaw, C Connell, J Riley, R AF Shaw, Cole Connell, Jack Riley, Robert GP IEEE TI Considerations for implementing an IP-based, video assessment and surveillance system SO 2006: 40TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCES SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Lexington, KY SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Cent Univ, Sandia Natl Labs, SAIC, Senstar Stellar DE video assessment and surveillance; physical security systems; IP cameras; DVR; analog encoder AB The flexibility gained in moving from an analog video system to a digital video system is immeasurable, and the onslaught of new IP-addressable cameras and recording solutions has given security system designers an endless set of options for migrating to a digital video system. Video can be brought up and viewed by any authorized user on the security network, and adding new devices is as easy as plugging them into the security network. However, the change to an IP-based framework also leads to a completely different set of considerations-What kind of bandwidth does the network infrastructure need in order to handle all the video streaming across it? How do you integrate an IP video system into the rest of a Physical Security System (including Entry Control, Command, Control, and Communication)? This paper will address these considerations, among others, to help guide security system designers in determining the type of video system best suited for their applications. C1 [Shaw, Cole; Connell, Jack; Riley, Robert] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0781, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shaw, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0781, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 1-4244-0174-7 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2006 BP 51 EP + DI 10.1109/CCST.2006.313429 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BFO68 UT WOS:000243472000009 ER PT S AU Teifel, J AF Teifel, John GP IEEE TI Asynchronous cryptographic hardware design SO 2006: 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conferences Security Technology, Proceedings SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Lexington, KY SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ, Sandia Natl Lab, SAIC, Senstar Stellar DE asynchronous logic; DES cryptography; low-power circuits AB Asynchronous integrated circuit technology provides low-power and low-noise operation for portable electronic security applications. Rather than using a global clock, asynchronous circuits employ a system of distributed handshake signals that control on-chip dataflow; reducing power consumption to only those parts of a chip actively involved in computation. Sandia has developed an automated asynchronous design flow that enables the rapid development of these asynchronous ASICs. This paper describes the design of asynchronous DES encryption circuits using this flow, and evaluates their performance against standard synchronous implementations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Teifel, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 1-4244-0174-7 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2006 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1109/CCST.2006.313454 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BFO68 UT WOS:000243472000034 ER PT S AU Witzke, EL Gossage, S Wiener, DJ AF Witzke, Edward L. Gossage, Steve Wiener, Dallas J. GP IEEE TI An architecture for multi-security level network traffic SO 2006: 40TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCES SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Lexington, KY SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Cent Univ, Sandia Natl Labs, SAIC, Senstar Stellar DE network architecture; encryption; network security AB Increasing availability and decreasing prices of encryptors raise the question, "Can secure and regular network traffic be carried over one infrastructure?" If this is feasible without compromising the security of network data or attached systems, benefits in both money and reliability can be realized. This paper examines the trends in encryption hardware, presents a possible consolidated architecture, highlights potential benefits, and discusses obstacles and details that would need to be worked out before wide-spread adoption. C1 [Witzke, Edward L.; Gossage, Steve; Wiener, Dallas J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Witzke, EL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM elwitzk@sandia.gov; sagossa@sandia.gov; djwiene@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 1-4244-0174-7 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2006 BP 228 EP + DI 10.1109/CCST.2006.313455 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BFO68 UT WOS:000243472000035 ER PT S AU Norman, BC Adams, DG AF Norman, Bradley C. Adams, Douglas G. GP IEEE TI Virtual Perimeter Security (VPS) in a physical protection system SO 2006: 40TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCES SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Lexington, KY SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Cent Univ, Sandia Natl Labs, SAIC, Senstar Stellar DE Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS); Wireless Sensor Networks; & Physical Security AB There is a need to provide response force personnel with advanced warning of intruder activity in rough terrain outside the traditional facility perimeter. Often the land surrounding a high consequence facility is remote and difficult to sensor with conventional long-range detection systems. In order to combat this difficult problem, Sandia has investigated, developed, and fielded a wireless sensor network that demonstrated the value of providing advanced information of adversary activities. The project used wireless technologies to detect and assess intruders in remote 'un-engineered' terrain around a fixed facility. In the time since the wireless intrusion detection system was fielded, minimal time has been spent on maintenance and no batteries required replacement Sandia's wireless sensor network provides advanced warning of intruder activities and its installation will improve the security posture of a facility. C1 [Norman, Bradley C.; Adams, Douglas G.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-0780, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Norman, BC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-0780, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 1-4244-0174-7 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2006 BP 257 EP + DI 10.1109/CCST.2006.313459 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BFO68 UT WOS:000243472000039 ER PT S AU Krakow, LW Chong, EKP Groom, KN Harrington, J Li, Y Rigdon, B AF Krakow, Lucas W. Chong, Edwin K. P. Groom, Kenneth N. Harrington, John Li, Yun Rigdon, Brian GP IEEE TI Control of perimeter surveillance wireless sensor networks via Partially Observable Marcov Decision Process SO 2006: 40TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CARNAHAN CONFERENCES SECURITY TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Lexington, KY SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol, Natl Cent Univ, Sandia Natl Labs, SAIC, Senstar Stellar DE Partially Observable Markov Decision Process; Particle Filters; control; Wireless Sensor Networks; Virtual Perimeter Security; Multi Sensor Joint Probabilistic Data Association ID PARTICLE FILTERS; ALGORITHMS; MANAGEMENT; ROLLOUT AB This paper presents a novel approach to controlling large wireless sensor networks capable of optimizing multiple conflicting performance criterion. The example of battery power usage versus target tracking error is formulated here, though the technique can be extended to assessment, false alarm reduction, etc. Modeling a perimeter security system as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process, an intruders behaviors are probabilistically estimated several steps Into the future (lookahead) thus allowing the system to make the best decisions for overall benefit (non-myopic). In this example sensor activation is the control input. Further, particle filtering is employed to improve location estimates of multiple targets from noisy senor data. Performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on a high fidelity simulator called UMBRA. Also a 100 node wireless sensor network has been constructed for algorithm validation. C1 [Chong, Edwin K. P.; Li, Yun] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Krakow, Lucas W.; Chong, Edwin K. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Groom, Kenneth N.; Harrington, John; Rigdon, Brian] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chong, Edwin K. P.; Groom, Kenneth N.; Li, Yun] IEEE, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Krakow, LW (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Chong, Edwin/A-3053-2008 OI Chong, Edwin/0000-0002-7622-4815 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 1-4244-0174-7 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2006 BP 261 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BFO68 UT WOS:000243472000040 ER PT S AU Darby, J AF Darby, John GP IEEE TI Evaluating risk from acts of terrorism with belief and fuzzy sets SO 2006: 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conferences Security Technology, Proceedings SE CARNAHAN CONFERENCE ON SECURITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Lexington, KY SP IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, Chung Shan Inst Sci, Natl Cent Univ, Sandia Natl Lab, SAIC, Senstar Stellar AB Risk consists of the likelihood of an event combined with the consequence of that event. There is uncertainty associated with an estimate of risk for an event that may happen in the future. For random, "dumb" events, such as an earthquake, this uncertainty is aleatory (stochastic) in nature and can be addressed with the probability measure of uncertainty. A terrorist act is not a random event; it is an intentional act by a thinking malevolent adversary. Much of the uncertainty in estimating the risk of a terrorist act is epistemic (state of knowledge); the adversary knows what acts will be attempted, but we as a defender have incomplete knowledge to know those acts with certainty. To capture the epistemic uncertainty in evaluating the risk from acts of terrorism, we have applied the belief/plausibility measure of uncertainty from the Dempster/Shafer Theory of Evidence. Also, to address how we as a defender evaluate the selection of scenarios by an adversary, we have applied approximate reasoning with fuzzy sets. We have developed software to perform these evaluations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Darby, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0737-1160 BN 1-4244-0174-7 J9 CAR C SECUR PY 2006 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1109/CCST.2006.313462 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BFO68 UT WOS:000243472000042 ER PT B AU Fang, WJ Moreau, L Ananthatcrishnan, R Wilde, M Foster, I AF Fang, Weijian Moreau, Luc Ananthatcrishnan, Rachana Wilde, Mike Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI Exposing UDDI service descriptions and their metadata annotations as WS-Resources SO 2006 7TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRID COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing CY SEP 28-29, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE, ACM AB Service discovery is a critical task in service-oriented architectures. GRIMOIRES is a UDDI-compliant service registry with rich metadata annotation capabilities. In this paper, we present a WSRF-compliant extension of the GRIMOIRES architecture that exposes service descriptions and their metadata annotations as WS-Resources. By doing so, the service registry provides improved interoperability by allowing service descriptions to be accessed and managed via standard Web services operations. In particular, we can access service descriptions, manage the lifetime of service descriptions, and subscribe for notifications of change in service descriptions. The paper discusses the benefits and design choices associated with such an approach and the technical challenges in providing an implementation. C1 [Fang, Weijian; Moreau, Luc] Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Ananthatcrishnan, Rachana; Wilde, Mike; Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Fang, WJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM wf@ecs.soton.ac.uk; l.moreau@ecs.soton.ac.uk; ranantha@mcs.anl.gov; wilde@mcs.anl.gov; foster@mcs.anl.gov RI Moreau, Luc/C-9061-2011; OI Moreau, Luc/0000-0002-3494-120X FU GRIMOIRES [GR/S90843/01]; SOCA [EP/C528131/1(P)]; U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This research is funded in part by the GRIMOIRES (EPSRC Grant GR/S90843/01) and SOCA (EPSRC Grant EP/C528131/1(P)) projects. This work was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0343-1 PY 2006 BP 128 EP + DI 10.1109/ICGRID.2006.311007 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFY00 UT WOS:000245376900017 ER PT B AU Bhae, V Parasha, M Khandekar, M Kandasamy, N Klasky, S AF Bhae, Viraj Parasha, Manish Khandekar, Mohit Kandasamy, Nagarajan Klasky, Scoff GP IEEE TI A self-managing wide-area data streaming service using model-based online control SO 2006 7TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRID COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing CY SEP 28-29, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE, ACM ID SYSTEMS AB Efficient and robust data streaming services are a critical requirement of emerging Grid applications, which are based on seamless interactions and coupling between geographically distributed application components. Furthermore the dynamism of Grid environments and applications requires that these services be able to continually manage and optimize their operation based on system state and application requirements. This paper presents a design and implementation of such a self-managing data-streaming service based on online control strategies. A Grid-based fusion workflow scenario is used to evaluate the service and demonstrate its feasibility and performance. C1 [Bhae, Viraj; Parasha, Manish] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Khandekar, Mohit; Kandasamy, Nagarajan] Drexel Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Klasky, Scoff] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bhae, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM viraib@caip.rutgers.edu; parashar@caip.rutgers.edu; mdk372@drexel.edu; kandasamy@cbis.ece.drexel.edu; klaskv@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation [ACI 9984357, EIA 0103674, EIA0120934, ANI 0335244, CNS 0305495, CNS 0426354, IIS 0430826]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER54857] FX The research presented in this paper is supported in part by National Science Foundation via grants numbers ACI 9984357, EIA 0103674, EIA 0120934, ANI 0335244, CNS 0305495, CNS 0426354, IIS 0430826, and by Department of Energy via the grant number DE-FG02-06ER54857. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0343-1 PY 2006 BP 176 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFY00 UT WOS:000245376900023 ER PT S AU Foedisch, M Madhavant, R Balakirsky, S Shneier, M Schlenoff, C AF Foedisch, M. Madhavant, R. Balakirsky, S. Shneier, M. Schlenoff, C. GP IEEE TI Symbolic representations for autonomous vehicle perception and control in urban environments SO 2006 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION, VOLS 1- 5 SE International Conference on Control Automation Robotics and Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision CY DEC 05-08, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE ID SIGN DETECTION AB In this paper, we describe our recent efforts on symbolic representations enabling autonomous driving in dynamic environments such as on-road driving. In contrast to traditional bottorn-up approaches where temporal accumulation of locally insignificant inaccuracies causes eventual failures in high-level scene interpretation, our proposed knowledge-driven top-down approach combined with vehicle's intentions can provide valuable information to guide low-level bottom-up tasks and vice-versa. We contend that such rich symbolic representations can reduce the burden on sensory processing thereby dynamically directing it to look for particular features in expected locations and subsequently facilitating the vehicle to better react to potentially dangerous situations, such as the appearance of pedestrians in the road. We demonstrate the proposed approaches in various scenarios pertaining to vehicle perception and control using field data obtained from a military Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) traversing urban environments. C1 [Foedisch, M.; Madhavant, R.; Balakirsky, S.; Shneier, M.; Schlenoff, C.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Madhavant, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Foedisch, M (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mike.foedisch@nist.gov; raj.madhavan@nist.gov; stephen.balakirsky@nist.gov; michael.shneier@nist.gov; craig.schlenoff@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-2953 BN 978-1-4244-0341-7 J9 I C CONT AUTOMAT ROB PY 2006 BP 702 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGH19 UT WOS:000246927401040 ER PT S AU Madhavan, R Kootbally, Z Schlenoff, C AF Madhavan, R. Kootbally, Z. Schlenoff, C. GP IEEE TI Prediction in dynamic environments for autonomous on-road driving SO 2006 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION, VOLS 1- 5 SE International Conference on Control Automation Robotics and Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision CY DEC 05-08, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE AB We have developed PRIDE (Prediction In Dynamic Environments), a hierarchical multi-resolutional framework for moving object prediction that incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. PRIDE incorporates a long-term (LT) prediction approach based on situation recognition and a short-term (ST) prediction approach based on vehicle models. These two approaches provide for the prediction of the future location of moving objects at various levels of resolution at the frequency and level of abstraction necessary for planners at different levels within the hierarchy using sensory data. In this paper, we demonstrate the ability to use the results of the short-term prediction algorithms to strengthen/weaken the estimates of the long-term prediction algorithms via experimental results. We provide experimental results in an autonomous on-road driving scenario using AutoSim(1), a high-fidelity simulation tool that models details about road networks, including individual lanes, lane markings, intersections, legal intersection traversability, etc. C1 [Madhavan, R.; Kootbally, Z.; Schlenoff, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Madhavan, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Madhavan, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raj.madhavan@nist.gov; zeid.kootbally@nist.gov; craig.schlenoff@nist.gov FU UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC-05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC-05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world- wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-2953 BN 978-1-4244-0341-7 J9 I C CONT AUTOMAT ROB PY 2006 BP 713 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGH19 UT WOS:000246927401042 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Hong, T Madhavan, R Chang, T Scott, H AF Bostelman, R. Hong, T. Madhavan, R. Chang, T. Scott, H. GP IEEE TI Performance analysis of an autonomous mobile robot mapping system for outdoor environments SO 2006 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION, VOLS 1- 5 SE International Conference on Control Automation Robotics and Vision LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision CY DEC 05-08, 2006 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE DE world modeling; global positioning system; performance analysis; stereo vision; mapping AB As unmanned ground vehicles take on more and more intelligent tasks, determination of potential obstacles and accurate estimation of their position become critical for successful navigation and path planning. The performance analysis of obstacle mapping and unmanned vehicle positioning in outdoor environments is the subject of this paper. Recently, the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Intelligent Svstems Division has been a part of the Defense Advanced liesearch Project Agency LAGR (Learning Applied to Ground Robots) Program. NISi's objective for the LAGR Project is to insert learning algorithms into the modules that make up the NIST 4D/RCS (Four Dimensional/Real-Time Control System) standard reference model architecture which has been successfully applied to many intelligent systems. We detail world modeling techniques used in the 4D/RCS architecture and then analyze the high precision maps generated by the vehicle world modeling algorithms as compared to ground truth obtained from an independent differential GPS system operable throughout most of the NIST campus. This work has implications, not only for outdoor vehicles but also, for indoor automated guided vehicles where future systems will have more and more onboard intelligence requiring non-contact sensors to provide accurate vehicle and object positioning. C1 [Bostelman, R.; Hong, T.; Chang, T.; Scott, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Madhavan, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov; tsai.hong@nist.gov; raj.madhavan@nist.gov; tommy.chang@nist.gov; harry.scott@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2474-2953 BN 978-1-4244-0341-7 J9 I C CONT AUTOMAT ROB PY 2006 BP 1249 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BGH19 UT WOS:000246927402048 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI Identification of simple product-form plumes using networks of sensors with random errors SO 2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion, Vols 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 10, 2006 CL Florence, ITALY DE distributed sensor network; plume detection and identification; difference triangulation; training; sample size ID LOCATION; DIFFERENCE AB We consider a class of simple, idealized plumes which are specified by a product of injection and distance decay terms. The plume propagates with a constant velocity, and its distance term decays exponentially with respect to distance in a planar region. If the intensity sensors are error-free, the difference triangulation method can identify the origin of plume both in time and space within a specified precision. In our case, the sensors are subject to random, correlated errors with unknown distributions in measuring the plume intensity. The sensors are available or in place to conduct controlled experiments and collect measurements. We present a training method that utilizes the plume equation together with controlled sensor measurements to identify the plume's origin with distribution-free probabilistic performance guarantees. The training consists of utilizing the measurements to compute a suitable precision value for the difference triangulation method to account for sensor distributions. We present a distribution-free relationship between the training sample size and the precision and probability with which plume's origin is identified. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0953-2 PY 2006 BP 1492 EP 1499 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGC32 UT WOS:000245998000209 ER PT S AU Krishnamurthy, P Khorrami, F Schoenwald, D AF Krishnamurthy, P. Khorrami, F. Schoenwald, D. GP IEEE TI Computationally tractable inventory control for large-scale reverse supply chains SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council ID OVERLAPPING DECOMPOSITIONS; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; DEMAND; MODEL; STABILITY AB We propose a new inventory control technique for largescale bidirectional (or closed-loop) supply chains including repairs. It is well-known that available optimization techniques are computationally intractable for bidirectional stochastic supply chains and also necessitate several simplifying assumptions. In contrast, the proposed approach is an adaptive scheme which scales well to practically interesting large-scale multi-item supply chains. Furthermore, practical issues such as stochastic transport delays, manufacturing times, and repair times and probabilistic characterization of part repair success are handled in a unified framework. The control scheme is based on a hierarchical two-level architecture comprised of an adaptive set-point generator and a lower-level order-up-to policy. An application to aircraft supply chains involving multiple OEMs, depots, bases, squadrons, and planes is also investigated. C1 [Krishnamurthy, P.; Khorrami, F.] Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Control Robot Res Lab, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Schoenwald, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, P (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Control Robot Res Lab, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM pk@crrl.poly.edu; khorrami@smart.poly.edu; daschoe@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 550 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2006.1655414 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666301008 ER PT S AU Schuster, E Morinaga, E Allen, CK Krstic, M AF Schuster, Eugenio Morinaga, Eiji Allen, Christopher K. Krstic, Miroslav GP IEEE TI Optimal beam matching in particle accelerators via extremum seeking SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council ID TRANSPORT AB The matching problem for a low energy transport system in a charged particle accelerator is approached using the extremum seeking feedback method for non-model based optimization. The beam dynamics are modeled using the KV (Kapchinsky-Vladimirsky) envelope equations. Extremum seeking is employed for the lens tuning in the beam matching system. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of this approach. C1 [Schuster, Eugenio] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, 19 Mem Dr W, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Morinaga, Eiji] Osaka Univ, Dept Comp Control Mech Syst, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Allen, Christopher K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Krstic, Miroslav] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Schuster, E (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, 19 Mem Dr W, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM schuster@lehigh.edu; morinaga@newton.mech.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp; ckallen@lanl.gov; krstic@ucsd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 1962 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2006.1656508 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666303073 ER PT S AU Li, MW Chiasson, J Bodson, M Tolbert, LM AF Li, Mengwei Chiasson, John Bodson, Marc Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI A differential-algebraic approach to speed estimation in an induction motor: Open loop experimental results SO 2006 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2006 CY JUN 14-16, 2006 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Automat Control Council DE sensorless speed observer; induction motor ID OBSERVABILITY AB Previous work by the authors has described a differential-algebraic approach to speed estimation in induction motors. The method shows that the speed omega can be found by solving for the roots of a polynomial in omega whose coefficients are functions of the stator voltages, stator currents, and their derivatives. Preliminary experimental results are presented in which the speed is estimated using the differential-algebraic method. C1 [Li, Mengwei; Chiasson, John; Bodson, Marc; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, ECE Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Li, MW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, ECE Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mwl@utk.edu; chiasson@utk.edu; bodson@ee.utah.edu; tolbertlm@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory through the UT/Battelle [4000007596]; National Science Foundation [NSF ECS-0093884] FX Drs. Chiasson and Tolbert would like to thank Oak Ridge National Laboratory for partially supporting this work through the UT/Battelle contract no. 4000007596. Dr. Tolbert would also like to thank the National Science Foundation for partially supporting this work through contract NSF ECS-0093884. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 1-4244-0209-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2006 VL 1-12 BP 2463 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BFG14 UT WOS:000241666304070 ER PT B AU Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR AF Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. GP IEEE TI Electrical properties of a commercial resin SO 2006 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID RELAXATION AB The aim of this study is to present electrical properties of a commercial resin. We report our findings on its dielectric and electrical breakdown characteristics. Dielectric measurements are performed by using the frequency- and time-domain impedance techniques at room temperature. Impedance data is analyzed with the distribution of relaxation times approach, which point-out individual polarization processes in a material. In addition, curing procedure is monitored with the impedance spectroscopy technique. C1 [Tuncer, Enis; Sauers, Isidor; James, D. Randy; Ellis, Alvin R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tuncere@ornl.gov OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU U.S. Department of Energy; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0546-7 PY 2006 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.312075 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFK76 UT WOS:000242527800027 ER PT B AU Zhao, G Joshi, RP Lakdawala, VK Schamiloglu, E Hjalmarson, H AF Zhao, G. Joshi, R. P. Lakdawala, V. K. Schamiloglu, E. Hjalmarson, H. GP IEEE TI Studies of TiO2 breakdown under pulsed conditions SO 2006 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID ELECTRON-TRANSPORT AB Model studies of current conduction and breakdown in TiO2 were carried out. Our simulation results indicate that electrical breakdown of TiO2 under multiple pulsed conditions can occur at lower voltages as compared to quasi-DC biasing. This is in agreement with experimental data. The results are indicative of a cumulative effect. We hypothesize that the lower breakdown voltages observed in TiO2 under pulsed conditions, is a direct rise-time effect, coupled with cummulative detrapping. C1 [Zhao, G.; Joshi, R. P.; Lakdawala, V. K.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Schamiloglu, E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hjalmarson, H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhao, G (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. FU AFOSR; Sandia National Laboratories FX This work was sponsored in part by AFOSR and Sandia National Laboratories. Useful discussions with M. Kristiansen (TTU) and R. Curry (U. Missouri) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0546-7 PY 2006 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.311941 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFK76 UT WOS:000242527800086 ER PT B AU Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR Pace, MO AF Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. Pace, Marshall O. GP IEEE TI Breakdown statistics of polyimide at low temperatures SO 2006 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; THEORETICAL BASIS; FILMS AB The dielectric breakdown data of polyimide at liquid nitrogen temperature are investigated. The applicability of the Weibull distribution is discuss. A new distribution function is proposed, and its utility and strength are illustrated distinctly by employing the Monte Carlo method. C1 [Tuncer, Enis; Sauers, Isidor; James, D. Randy; Ellis, Alvin R.; Pace, Marshall O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pace, Marshall O.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tuncere@ornl.gov OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems; UT-Battelle [DE-AC05-000R22725]; LLC FX Research is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, under contract No.DE-AC05-000R22725 with UT-Battelle,LLC. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0546-7 PY 2006 BP 561 EP 564 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.311994 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFK76 UT WOS:000242527800139 ER PT B AU Sauers, I James, DR Tuncer, E Ellis, A Pace, MO AF Sauers, I. James, D. R. Tuncer, E. Ellis, A. Pace, M. O. GP IEEE TI Partial discharge measurements in a high temperature superconducting triaxial 5-m model cable at liquid nitrogen temperature SO 2006 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc AB A prototype 5-m triaxial high temperature superconducting (HTS) distribution class cable using a cold dielectric design was tested at high voltage under various conditions including AC, impulse and partial discharge (PD). The dielectric consists of wrapped synthetic tape insulation with liquid nitrogen filling the butt-gaps. In this paper we report on the partial discharge signals in the cable and methods for data analysis. All measurements were made cold in liquid nitrogen. The data will be presented in terms of PD amplitude and energy. Partial discharge signals were observed in the presence of large amounts of background noise due to the inverter circuits of the cryogenic system and these issues will also be discussed. C1 [Sauers, I.; James, D. R.; Tuncer, E.; Ellis, A.; Pace, M. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sauers, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sauersi@ornl.gov OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0546-7 PY 2006 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.312019 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFK76 UT WOS:000242527800164 ER PT B AU James, DR Sauers, I Tuncer, E Ellis, AR Tekletsadik, K Hazelton, DW AF James, D. R. Sauers, I. Tuncer, E. Ellis, A. R. Tekletsadik, K. Hazelton, D. W. GP IEEE TI Non-uniform field breakdown and surface flashover in liquid nitrogen gaps for HTS applications SO 2006 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID ELECTRICAL INSULATION; LN2 AB Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is used as a coolant and electrical insulation in many High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) applications. Hence a good understanding of the breakdown characteristics of this medium under a variety of practical electrode geometries and conditions is needed for design of high voltage equipment. While there is considerable literature on breakdown of LN2 gaps for uniform (plane-plane) or quasi-uniform electric fields (sphere-plane), there is much less data available for highly non-uniform field gaps and for surface flashover along insulators. In this paper we present results on sphere-plane and cylindrical rod-plane gaps in LN2 as a function of sphere and rod diameters and radius of the rod edge at 1 bar pressure. In addition the surface flashover voltages of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) in LN2 with these electrode arrangements will also be reported. C1 [James, D. R.; Sauers, I.; Tuncer, E.; Ellis, A. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Dr,Bldg 4500S MS-6122, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tekletsadik, K.; Hazelton, D. W.] SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY USA. RP James, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,1 Bethel Valley Dr,Bldg 4500S MS-6122, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jamesdr@orn1.gov OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC. FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0546-7 PY 2006 BP 700 EP 703 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.312028 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFK76 UT WOS:000242527800173 ER PT B AU Wegener, M Tuncer, E Gerhard-Multhaupt, R Bauer, S AF Wegener, M. Tuncer, E. Gerhard-Multhaupt, R. Bauer, S. GP IEEE TI Elastic properties and electromechanical coupling factor of inflated polypropylene ferroelectrets SO 2006 ANNUAL REPORT CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 15-18, 2006 CL Kansas City, MO SP IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc ID PIEZOELECTRIC POLYMERS; CELLULAR POLYMERS; FILMS; FOAMS; VOIDS AB Closed-cell polymer-foam electrets with internal bipolar charge exhibit strong longitudinal piezoelectricity. The size and the shape of their internal voids can be controlled by means of an inflation process that consists of a high-pressure treatment followed by a heat-setting procedure. Experimental data reveal a maximum of the piezoelectric coefficient and of the electromechanical coupling factor as functions of the polymer-foam density. These and related experimental results are discussed within a simplified model for polymer foams. The piezoelectric d(33) coefficient and the respective coupling factor k(33) are calculated by means of a series-connection model for cellular polymers. In the model, the piezoelectric coefficient and the coupling factor can be expressed in terms of the charge density on the respective void surface, the relative dielectric permittivity, the effective Young's modulus and the relative density of the foam. The effective Young's modulus is in turn determined by means of a truss-like mechanical model of the polymer foam. The model yields qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed data. C1 [Wegener, M.; Tuncer, E.; Gerhard-Multhaupt, R.] Univ Potsdam, Dept Phys, Potsdam, Germany. [Bauer, S.] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Soft Matter Phys, Linz, Austria. [Tuncer, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37923 USA. RP Wegener, M (reprint author), Univ Potsdam, Dept Phys, Potsdam, Germany. EM mwegener@uni-potsdam.de RI Wegener, Michael/C-3661-2008; Gerhard, Reimund/F-7099-2011; OI Gerhard, Reimund/0000-0002-1306-2249; Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU German Science Foundation (DFG); Austrian Science Funds (FWF) FX This work is partially supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) and the Austrian Science Funds (FWF). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0546-7 PY 2006 BP 752 EP 755 DI 10.1109/CEIDP.2006.312041 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFK76 UT WOS:000242527800186 ER PT B AU Austin, D Allen, M McCollum, JM Dar, RD Sayler, GS Samatova, NF Cox, CD Simpson, M AF Austin, D. Allen, M. McCollum, J. M. Dar, R. D. Sayler, G. S. Samatova, N. F. Cox, C. D. Simpson, M. GP IEEE TI Gene network shaping of inherent noise spectra SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Austin, D.; Samatova, N. F.; Simpson, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Austin, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 11 EP 11 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330897 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700008 ER PT B AU Doktycz, MJ Fletcher, BL Hullander, ED Fowlkes, JD Retterer, ST McKnight, TE Melechko, AV Simpson, ML AF Doktycz, M. J. Fletcher, B. L. Hullander, E. D. Fowlkes, J. D. Retterer, S. T. McKnight, T. E. Melechko, A. V. Simpson, M. L. GP IEEE TI Cell mimics created from the controlled synthesis and directed assembly of carbon nanofibers SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Doktycz, M. J.; Fletcher, B. L.; Hullander, E. D.; Fowlkes, J. D.; Retterer, S. T.; McKnight, T. E.; Melechko, A. V.; Simpson, M. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Doktycz, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 13 EP 13 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330899 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700010 ER PT B AU Gorby, YA AF Gorby, Y. A. GP IEEE TI Bacterial nanowires: Electrically conductive filaments and their implications for en ergytrans formation and distribution in natural and engineered systems. SO 2006 Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gorby, YA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 20 EP 20 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330941 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700014 ER PT B AU Mann, DG McKnight, TE Simpson, ML Sayler, GS AF Mann, D. G. McKnight, T. E. Simpson, M. L. Sayler, G. S. GP IEEE TI Quantification of accessible DNA on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers in cellular delivery systems SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Mann, D. G.; Sayler, G. S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [McKnight, T. E.; Simpson, M. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Mann, DG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 30 EP 30 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330877 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700018 ER PT B AU Greenbaum, E Evans, BR ONeill, HM Lee, I Kuritz, T AF Greenbaum, E. Evans, B. R. ONeill, H. M. Lee, I. Kuritz, T. GP IEEE TI Photonic interactions in biomolecular micro and nano systems SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA ID PHOTOSYSTEM-I C1 [Greenbaum, E.; Evans, B. R.; ONeill, H. M.; Kuritz, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lee, I.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 32 EP 32 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330879 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700020 ER PT B AU Plomp, M Leighton, TJ Holman, HY Malkin, AJ AF Plomp, Marco Leighton, Terrance J. Holman, Hoi-Ying Malkin, Alexander J. GP IEEE TI Probing the structure-function relationships of microbial systems by high resolution in vitro atomic force microscopy SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA ID ARCHITECTURE C1 [Plomp, Marco; Malkin, Alexander J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Leighton, Terrance J.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Holman, Hoi-Ying] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Plomp, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 46 EP 46 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330923 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700028 ER PT B AU Brozik, S Crozier, P Dolan, P May, EE AF Brozik, S. Crozier, P. Dolan, P. May, E. E. GP IEEE TI Quantitative assessment of SNP discrimination for computational molecular beacons SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Brozik, S.; Crozier, P.; Dolan, P.; May, E. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP May, EE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eemay@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 83 EP 83 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330887 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700048 ER PT B AU Cox, CD McCollum, JM Dar, RD Austin, D Allen, MS Samatova, NF Sayler, GS Simpson, ML AF Cox, C. D. McCollum, J. M. Dar, R. D. Austin, D. Allen, M. S. Samatova, N. F. Sayler, G. S. Simpson, M. L. GP IEEE TI Calibration of a stochastic model of gene expression including feedback and extrinsic noise sources SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Cox, C. D.; McCollum, J. M.; Dar, R. D.; Allen, M. S.; Sayler, G. S.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Austin, D.; Samatova, N. F.; Simpson, M. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cox, CD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 94 EP 94 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330904 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700053 ER PT B AU Netcher, BL Anatoli, MV Timothy, ME Milton, EN AF Netcher, B. L. Anatoli, M. V. Timothy, M. E. Milton, E. N. GP IEEE TI A novel approach to integrating three dimensional carbon nanostructures with electronic circuitry SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Netcher, B. L.; Anatoli, M. V.; Timothy, M. E.; Milton, E. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Netcher, BL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700057 ER PT B AU Firestone, MA Reiss, BD Auciello, O Ocola, LF AF Firestone, M. A. Reiss, B. D. Auciello, O. Ocola, L. F. GP IEEE TI Ferroelectric-specific peptides as building blocks for bioinorganic devices SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Firestone, M. A.; Reiss, B. D.; Auciello, O.; Ocola, L. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 102 EP 102 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330910 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700059 ER PT B AU Plomp, M Leighton, TJ Holman, HY Malkin, AJ AF Plomp, Marco Leighton, Terrance J. Holman, Hoi-Ying Malkin, Alexander J. GP IEEE TI Probing the structure-function relationships of microbial systems by high-resolution in vitro atomic force microscopy SO 2006 BIO- MICRO- AND NANOSYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Bio- Micro- and Nanosystems Conference CY JAN 15-18, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA ID ARCHITECTURE C1 [Plomp, Marco; Malkin, Alexander J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Leighton, Terrance J.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Holman, Hoi-Ying] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Plomp, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-48. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0056-0 PY 2006 BP 107 EP 107 DI 10.1109/BMN.2006.330903 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGE52 UT WOS:000246328700064 ER PT B AU Schulz, DA AF Schulz, Douglas A. GP IEEE TI Mouse curve biometrics SO 2006 Biometrics Symposium: Special Session on Research at the Biometric Consortium Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Biometrics Symposium on Research at the Biometric Consortium Conference CY SEP 19-21, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE AB A biometric system suitable for validating user identity using only mouse movements and no specialized equipment is presented. Mouse curves (mouse movements with little or no pause between them) are individually classified and used to develop classification histograms, which are representative of an individual's typical mouse use. These classification histograms can then be compared to validate identity. This classification approach is suitable for providing continuous identity validation during an entire user session. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schulz, DA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0486-5 PY 2006 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGT87 UT WOS:000250478300014 ER PT B AU Shastry, PN Cullerton, EW AF Shastry, Prasad N. Cullerton, Edward W. GP IEEE TI A novel wideband GaAsFET source injected distributed mixer SO 2006 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th European Microwave Conference CY SEP 10-15, 2006 CL Manchester, ENGLAND DE active mixer; distributed mixer; GaAsFET mixer; source injected mixer; wideband mixer AB In this paper, the design and measured results of a novel wideband distributed architecture GaAs FET mixer in which the LO signal is injected into the mixer through the source terminals of FETs are presented. The prototype MESFET source injected distributed mixer has a conversion gain (without IF signal amplification) varying from -8 to -3.5 dB in the range 1 to 3 GHz. It has good return losses at all ports, and excellent isolation between the three ports, in the range 1 to 3 GHz. The mixer requires a DC voltage of only 1.5 V and operates with less than 12 mA current. The topology of this mixer is suitable for monolithic implementation. C1 [Shastry, Prasad N.] Bradley Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. [Cullerton, Edward W.] Fermi Natl Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Shastry, PN (reprint author), Bradley Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-9600551-6-0 PY 2006 BP 1027 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BFX83 UT WOS:000245346100271 ER PT B AU Samoilova, T Osadchy, V Kosmin, D Mikhailov, A Ginley, D Kaydanova, T Kardo-Sysoev, A Kozyrev, A AF Samoilova, T. Osadchy, V. Kosmin, D. Mikhailov, A. Ginley, D. Kaydanova, T. Kardo-Sysoev, A. Kozyrev, A. GP IEEE TI The generalized analysis of ferroelectric-based nonlinear transmission lines SO 2006 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th European Microwave Conference CY SEP 10-15, 2006 CL Manchester, ENGLAND AB The general analysis of a ferroelectric-based Nonlinear Transmission Line (NLTL) is presented. Analysis allows the estimation of the efficiency of NLTL meant for increasing the wave steepness under propagating along NLTL. Figure of merit defined as the relative change of the reciprocal steepness of the wave front at NLTL input and output is suggested to characterize the NLTL efficiency. Formulas allowing the calculation of figure of merit for ferroelectric-based distributed NLTLs and lumped element networks are derived with the use of a phenomenological description of capacitance-voltage dependencies of ferroelectric (FE) capacitive elements of NLTLs. C1 [Samoilova, T.; Osadchy, V.; Kosmin, D.; Mikhailov, A.; Kozyrev, A.] St Petersburg State Electrotech Univ, LETI, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. [Kardo-Sysoev, A.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Ginley, D.; Kaydanova, T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Samoilova, T (reprint author), St Petersburg State Electrotech Univ, LETI, St Petersburg 197376, Russia. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-9600551-6-0 PY 2006 BP 1537 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BFX83 UT WOS:000245346100403 ER PT S AU Brislawn, CM Wohlberg, B AF Brislawn, Christopher M. Wohlberg, Brendt GP IEEE TI Symmetry-preserving lattice vector quantization for reversible half-sample symmetric FIR filter banks SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID WAVELET TRANSFORMS AB Linear phase FIR filter banks form an integral part of the ISO/TEC JPEG 2000 image coding standard. One feature they enable is lossless subband coding based on reversible filter bank implementations. While this meshes well with symmetric boundary-handling techniques for whole-sample symmetric (odd-length) linear phase filters, there are obstructions with half-sample symmetric (even-length) filters, a fact that influenced the JPEG 2000 standard. We show how these obstructions can be overcome for a class of half-sample symmetric filter banks by employing lattice vector quantization to ensure symmetry-preserving rounding in reversible implementations. C1 [Brislawn, Christopher M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Comp Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wohlberg, Brendt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoretical Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brislawn, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Comp Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brislawn@lanl.gov; brendt@lanl.gov RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 FU DOE Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative; DOE Applied Mathematical Sciences Program [KC-07-01-01]; DOE Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program FX This work was supported in part by the DOE Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, the DOE Applied Mathematical Sciences Program, contract KC-07-01-01, and the DOE Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 878 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925202004 ER PT S AU Rodriuez, P Wohlberg, B AF Rodriguez, Paul Wohlberg, Brendt GP IEEE TI An iteratively reweighted norm algorithm for Total Variation regularization SO 2006 FORTIETH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS, VOLS 1-5 SE Conference Record of the Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, ATK Mission Res, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID TOTAL VARIATION MINIMIZATION; IMAGE-RESTORATION; SELECTION; OUTLIERS; NOISE AB Total Variation (TV) regularization has become a popular method for a wide variety of image restoration problems, including denoising and deconvolution. Recently, a number of authors have noted the advantages, including superior performance with certain non-Gaussian noise, of replacing the standard l(2) data fidelity term with an l(1) norm. We propose a simple but very flexible and computationally efficient method, the Iteratively Reweighted Norm algorithm, for minimizing a generalized TV functional which includes both the l(2)-TV and and l(1)-TV problems. C1 [Rodriguez, Paul; Wohlberg, Brendt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T7 Math Modeling & Anal, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriuez, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T7 Math Modeling & Anal, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM prodrig@t7.lanl.gov; brendt@t7.lanl.gov RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NNSA's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and was partially supported by the NNSA's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 978-1-4244-0784-2 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2006 BP 892 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSSC.2006.354879 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGH15 UT WOS:000246925202007 ER PT B AU Doser, A Whitford, G AF Doser, Adele Whitford, Gregg GP IEEE TI Particle filter based algorithm for target position estimation under sparce sensor surveillance SO 2006 IEEE 12TH DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP & 4TH IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING EDUCATION WORKSHOP, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop/4th IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop CY SEP 24-JUN 27, 2006-2009 CL Teton Natl Pk, WY SP IEEE DE particle filters; tracking; sparse sensor coverage AB A particle filter based algorithm was developed to track vehicles in a network of roads under the assumption of sporadic and non-persistent sensor data. It is assumed we have a number of sensors that provide position and velocity information only, which are scattered at possibly uneven intervals throughout the road system of interest. Further, the sensor ranges do not overlap, meaning we do not have constant eyes on target. The algorithm was based on the particle filter, but differed from the classical particle filter in two fundamental ways. First, particle weights are not used. Instead, a correspondence function is calculated only when a sensor is tripped, giving weight to the validity of the sensor report. Potentially this results in a computational savings. Second, we do not periodically resample particles. Results demonstrate the approach can effectively track multiple targets in simulations with sparse surveillance. C1 [Doser, Adele; Whitford, Gregg] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doser, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0534-3 PY 2006 BP 482 EP 487 DI 10.1109/DSPWS.2006.265471 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFN71 UT WOS:000243343700091 ER PT S AU Haldemann, AFC Johnson, JB Elphic, RC Boynton, WV Wetzel, J AF Haldemann, Albert F. C. Johnson, Jerome B. Elphic, Richard C. Boynton, William V. Wetzel, John GP IEEE TI Construction and resource utilization eXplorer (CRUX): Implementing instrument suite data fusion to characterize regolith hydrogen resources SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT ID LUNAR POLES; SOLAR-WIND; WATER ICE; MOON; DEPOSITS; MERCURY AB CRUX is a modular suite of geophysical and borehole instruments combined with display and decision support system (Mapper/DSS) tools to characterize regolith resources, surface conditions, and geotechnical properties. CRUX is a NASA-funded Technology Maturation Program effort to provide enabling technology for Lunar and Planetary Surface Operations (LPSO) [1]. The Mapper/DSS uses data fusion methods with CRUX instruments, and other available data and models, to provide regolith properties information needed for LPSO that cannot be determined otherwise. We demonstrate the data fusion method by showing how it might be applied to characterize the distribution and form of hydrogen using a selection of CRUX instruments: Borehole Neutron Probe and Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer data as a function of depth help interpret Surface Neutron Probe data to generate 3D information. Secondary information from other instruments along with physical models improves the hydrogen distribution characterization, enabling information products for operational decision-making(1,2). C1 [Haldemann, Albert F. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-420, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Johnson, Jerome B.] USA ERDC, CRREL, Waiwright, AK 99703 USA. [Elphic, Richard C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Boynton, William V.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wetzel, John] Appl Res Associates, South Royalton, VT 05068 USA. RP Haldemann, AFC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 238-420, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM albert.f.haldemann@jpl.nasa.gov; Jerome.B.Johnson@erdc.usace.army.mil; relphic@lanl.gov; wboynton@lpl.arizona.edu; jwetzel@ara.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 217 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583100020 ER PT S AU Elphic, RC Hahn, S Lawrence, DJ Feldman, WC Johnson, JB Haldemann, AFC AF Elphic, Richard C. Hahn, Sangkoo Lawrence, David J. Feldman, William C. Johnson, Jerome B. Haldemann, Albert F. C. GP IEEE TI Surface and Borehole Neutron Probes for the construction and Resource Utilization eXplorer (CRUX) SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB The Construction and Resource Utilization eXplorer (CRUX) project aims to develop an integrated, flexible suite of instruments with data fusion software and an executive controller for the purpose of in situ resource assessment and characterization for future space exploration. The instrument suite includes two neutron detectors, the Surface Neutron Probe (SNeuP) and the Borehole Neutron Probe (BNeuP) to help locate and assess potential hydrogen-bearing resources at the lunar poles and on Mars. SNeuP offers a rover-bome surveyor function for locating near-surface water (or other hydrogenous volatiles) in a lightweight (481 g) package. BNeuP serves a borehole prospector function by determining the stratigraphy of hydrogenous subsurface layers to depths of up to 10 meters within a drill string segment. The instruments' heritage includes the Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer and numerous programmatic space instrument applications at Los Alamos. We have tested the SNeuP and BNeuP prototypes and have demonstrated their ability to detect near-surface hydrogenous materials. In a lunar or Mars exploration application the instruments could be passive, sounding materials through the detection of neutrons produced by cosmic ray spallation in soils and ice. However, in terrestrial field tests we have used a neutron source to 'illuminate' surrounding materials and gauge the instruments' efficacy(1,2). C1 [Elphic, Richard C.; Hahn, Sangkoo; Lawrence, David J.; Feldman, William C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Johnson, Jerome B.] USA ERDC Cold Regions & Engn Lab, Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. [Haldemann, Albert F. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Elphic, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM relphic@lanl.gov; Jerome.B.Johnson@erdc.usace.army.mil; albert@shannon.jpl.nasa.gov FU MIPR [W81EWF51541235]; Cold Regions Research Engineering Laboratory; NASA Mars Instrument Development Program OFSS [W-10217 (HYDRA)]; OFSS [NNH04AA47I (D-HYDRA)]; Honeybee Robotics [LA-UR-05-8274] FX This work was supported by MIPR #W81EWF51541235 with the US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research Engineering Laboratory, and NASA Mars Instrument Development Program OFSS #W-10217 (HYDRA), and OFSS #NNH04AA47I (D-HYDRA) in partnership with Honeybee Robotics. LA-UR-05-8274. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 355 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583100033 ER PT S AU Guetersloh, SB Zeitlin, C Heilbronn, LH Miller, J AF Guetersloh, S. B. Zeitlin, C. Heilbronn, L. H. Miller, J. GP IEEE TI Effectiveness of Shielding Materials for Dose Reduction SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT ID MEV/NUCLEON FE-56; FRAGMENTATION AB The design(1,2) of future spacecraft such as the Crew Exploration Vehicle must take into account the radiation shielding properties of both the structural components as well as dedicated shielding materials. Since the vast majority of Solar Energetic Particles (SEP) are stopped by modest depths of shielding, the far greater challenge is posed by the need to shield crew from the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR), which include highly-charged and highly-energetic particles. Hydrogenous materials and low-mass elements have been shown to be more effective shields against the deleterious effects of GCR-like irradiations than the aluminum, currently used in spacecraft hull design. Polyethylene, CH2, has therefore been chosen by NASA as the reference material for comparison of multi-function composites currently being developed. A wide variety of targets, both elemental and composite, were placed in the particle beams, and the spectra of particles emerging from the targets were measured using a stack of silicon detectors. Results are presented in terms of dose reduction per g cm(-2) of target material, and compared to an equal mass of CH2. C1 [Guetersloh, S. B.; Zeitlin, C.; Heilbronn, L. H.; Miller, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guetersloh, SB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sbguetersloh@lbl.gov RI Heilbronn, Lawrence/J-6998-2013 OI Heilbronn, Lawrence/0000-0002-8226-1057 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 453 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583100043 ER PT S AU Pinsky, LS Andersen, V Elkhayari, N Empl, A Lebourgeois, M Lee, K Mayes, B Smirnov, G Zapp, N Ferrari, A Roesler, S Vlachoudis, V Battistoni, G Campanella, M Cerutti, F Gadioli, E Garzelli, MV Muraro, S Rancati, T Sala, P Ballarini, F Ottolenghi, A Scannicchio, D Carboni, M Pelliccioni, M Wilson, T Ranft, J Fasso, A AF Pinsky, Lawrence S. Andersen, Victor Elkhayari, Najib Empl, Anton Lebourgeois, Matthew Lee, Kerry Mayes, Billy Smirnov, Georgi Zapp, Neal Ferrari, Alfredo Roesler, Stefan Vlachoudis, Vasilis Battistoni, Giuseppe Campanella, Mauro Cerutti, Francesco Gadioli, Ettore Garzelli, Maria-Vittoria Muraro, Silvia Rancati, Tiziana Sala, Paola Ballarini, Francesca Ottolenghi, Andrea Scannicchio, Domenico Carboni, Massimo Pelliccioni, Maurizio Wilson, Thomas Ranft, Johannes Fasso, Alberto GP IEEE TI FLUKA Status And Preliminary Results From the July-2005 AGS Run SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB As-12 reported in 2005 Aerospace Conference, the FLUKA Monte Carlo code is being modified as part of NASA's Space Radiation Shielding Program for use in simulating the Space Radiation environment in order to evaluate the properties of spacecraft and habitat shielding. Since the last workshop, several notable enhancements have been made to the FLUKA code itself and the ancillary support software. These include improvements to the GUI-based packages for analysis of the results as well as GUI-based tools to ease the setup and running of the programs. Examples of these will be presented. From the physics perspective, an accelerator run this July at the AGS was undertaken in collaboration with the groups from LBL and MSFC to measure the fragmentation, neutron and secondary charged particle spectra from Fe, Si and C beams at 3, 5 and 10 GeV/A on a variety of targets including C, Al, Fe, Cu and Polyethylene. This energy range is the crossover point in event generator technique and the data will help guide the evolution of the event generators in this crucial region. Preliminary results from this run will be presented for the angular distribution of the secondary charged particles from scattering angles of 3-45 degrees along with normalized comparisons to RQMD and DPMJET, the event generators that are currently employed within FLUKA. C1 [Pinsky, Lawrence S.; Andersen, Victor; Elkhayari, Najib; Empl, Anton; Lebourgeois, Matthew; Lee, Kerry; Mayes, Billy; Smirnov, Georgi] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 4800 Calhoun Blvd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Zapp, Neal; Ferrari, Alfredo; Roesler, Stefan; Vlachoudis, Vasilis] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Battistoni, Giuseppe; Campanella, Mauro; Cerutti, Francesco; Gadioli, Ettore; Garzelli, Maria-Vittoria; Muraro, Silvia; Rancati, Tiziana; Sala, Paola] Univ Milan, INFN, Milan 20133, Italy. [Ballarini, Francesca; Ottolenghi, Andrea; Scannicchio, Domenico] Univ Pavia, INFN, Pavia 27100, Italy. [Carboni, Massimo; Pelliccioni, Maurizio] INFN, Lab Nazl Frascati, Frascati 00044, Italy. [Wilson, Thomas] NASA, JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ranft, Johannes] Univ Siegen, Dept Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Fasso, Alberto] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Pinsky, LS (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, 4800 Calhoun Blvd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM pinsky@uh.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 465 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583100045 ER PT S AU McCormick, FB Fleming, JG Mani, S Tuck, MR Williams, JD Arrington, CL Kravitz, SH Schmidt, C Subramania, G Verley, JC Ellis, AR El-Kady, I Peters, DW Watts, M Sweatt, WC Hudgens, JJ AF McCormick, F. B. Fleming, J. G. Mani, S. Tuck, M. R. Williams, J. D. Arrington, C. L. Kravitz, S. H. Schmidt, C. Subramania, G. Verley, J. C. Ellis, A. R. El-kady, I. Peters, D. W. Watts, M. Sweatt, W. C. Hudgens, J. J. GP IEEE TI Fabrication and characterization of large-area 3-D photonic crystals SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB Full bandgap(1,2) (3D) photonic crystal materials offer a means to precisely engineer the electromagnetic reflection, transmission, and emission properties of surfaces over wide angular and spectral ranges. However, very few 3D photonic crystals have been successfully demonstrated with areas larger than 1 cm(2). Large sheets of photonic bandgap (PBG) structures would be useful, for example, as hot or cold mirrors for passively controlling the temperature of satellites. For example, an omni-directional 3D PBG structure emitting only at wavelengths shorter than 8 microns will radiate only 7% of what a black body would at 200 degrees K while radiating more than 40% at 400 degrees K. 3D PBG materials may also find application in thermophotovoltaic energy generation and scavenging, as well as in wide field of view spectral filtering. Sandia National Laboratory is investigating a variety of methods for the design, fabrication, and characterization of PBG materials, and three methods are being pursued to fabricate large areas of PBG material. These methods typically fabricate a mold and then fill it with metal to provide a high refractive index contrast, enabling a full 3D bandgap to be formed. The most mature scheme uses Silicon MEMS lithographic fabrication means to create a mold which if filled by a novel tungsten deposition method. A second method uses LIGA to create a mold in PMMA, which is filled by electro-deposition of gold, copper, or other materials. A third approach uses nano-imprinting to define the mold, which is filled using evaporative deposition or atomic layer deposition of metals or other materials. Details of the design and fabrication processes and experimental measurements of the structures will be presented at the conference. C1 [McCormick, F. B.; Fleming, J. G.; Mani, S.; Tuck, M. R.; Williams, J. D.; Arrington, C. L.; Kravitz, S. H.; Schmidt, C.; Subramania, G.; Verley, J. C.; Ellis, A. R.; El-kady, I.; Peters, D. W.; Watts, M.; Sweatt, W. C.; Hudgens, J. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McCormick, FB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fbmccor@sandia.gov RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 FU United States Department of Energy [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 1820 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583103015 ER PT S AU Bagwell, BE Wick, DV Schwiegerling, J AF Bagwell, Brett E. Wick, David V. Schwiegerling, Jim GP IEEE TI Multi-spectral foveated imaging system SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT DE Spatial Light Modulators; Aberration Compensation; liquid-crystal devices; adaptive optics; polarization interference filters AB The development of sensors that are smaller, lighter weight and require less bandwidth is critical for the success of space-based and airborne imaging systems. One solution to this problem is foveated imaging, wherein a liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used to selectively enhance resolution in a wide field-of-view imaging system. Selective enhancement decreases the bulk and complexity of the optical train, while simultaneously reducing data transmission and processing requirements. This enhancement is done modulo 2 pi, as such it is inherently a monochromatic correction. In this paper, we propose to overcome that limitation by introducing a switchable polarization interference filter, obtaining near diffraction limited performance over the instantaneous field-of-view (IFOV) at the wavelength(s) of interest. C1 [Bagwell, Brett E.; Wick, David V.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Schwiegerling, Jim] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Bagwell, BE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bbagwel@sandia.gov; dvwick@sandia.gov; jschwieg@u.arizona.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; DARPA/DSO under the Bio-Optic Synthetic Systems program FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was supported in part by DARPA/DSO under the Bio-Optic Synthetic Systems program. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 1902 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583103024 ER PT S AU Sweat, WC Gill, DD Adams, DP Vasile, MJ Claudet, AA AF Sweat, W. C. Gill, D. D. Adams, D. P. Vasile, M. J. Claudet, A. A. GP IEEE TI Diamond milling of micro-optics SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB A diamond mill (a tiny end mill) can cut aspheric lenses and mirrors with diameters smaller than 0.5 mm. The cutting tool has a two-dimensional shape and is spun about the axis of the surface to be cut. As the spinning tool is plunged into the substrate, it cuts a radially symmetric surface to sub-micron accuracies. Commercially available circular diamond tools can be modified to aspheric shapes using a focused ion beam. Fabrication examples will be presented and the optical performance of an array of micro-lenses will be described(1,2). C1 [Sweat, W. C.; Gill, D. D.; Adams, D. P.; Vasile, M. J.; Claudet, A. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sweat, WC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wsweatt@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy [DE-ACO4-94AL85000] FX This work is part of an internally funded research and development project at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO4-94AL85000. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 1916 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583103026 ER PT S AU Richardson, J Wilson, E AF Richardson, Julian Wilson, Edward GP IEEE TI Flexible generation of Kalman filter code SO 2006 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 04-11, 2006 CL Big Sky, MT AB Domain-specific program synthesis can automatically generate high quality code in complex domains from succinct specifications, but the range of programs which can be generated by a given synthesis system is typically narrow. Obtaining code which falls outside this narrow scope necessitates either 1) extension of the code generator, which is usually very expensive, or 2) manual modification of the generated code, which is often difficult and which must be redone whenever changes are made to the program specification. In this paper, we describe adaptations and extensions of the AUTOFILTER Kalman filter synthesis system which greatly extend the range of programs which can be generated. Users augment the input specification with a specification of code fragments and how those fragments should interleave with or replace parts of the synthesized filter. This allows users to generate a much wider range of programs without their needing to modify the synthesis system or edit generated code. We demonstrate the usefulness of the approach by applying it to the synthesis of a complex state estimator which combines code from several Kalman filters with user-specified code. The work described in this paper allows the complex design decisions necessary for real-world applicatons to be reflected in the synthesized code. When executed on simulated input data, the generated state estimator was found to produce comparable estimates to those produced by a handcoded estimator. C1 [Richardson, Julian] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Wilson, Edward] Intellizat, Redwood City, CA 94065 USA. RP Richardson, J (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, RIACS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julianr@riacs.edu; ed.wilson@intellization.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-9545-X J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2006 BP 3166 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BFF34 UT WOS:000241583105041 ER PT B AU Mendez, AJ Hernandez, VJ Gagliardi, RM Bennett, CV Lennon, WJ AF Mendez, A. J. Hernandez, V. J. Gagliardi, R. M. Bennett, C. V. Lennon, W. J. GP IEEE TI Development of pulse position modulation/optical CDMA (PPM/O-CDMA) for GB/S fiber optic networking SO 2006 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avionics Fiber Optics and Photonics Conference CY SEP 12-14, 2006 CL Annapolis, MD SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm ID CODES C1 [Mendez, A. J.] Mendez R&D Assoc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Hernandez, V. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Gagliardi, R. M.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hernandez, V. J.; Bennett, C. V.; Lennon, W. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Mendez, AJ (reprint author), Mendez R&D Assoc, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009; Hernandez, Vincent/C-2522-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739; NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0407-0 PY 2006 BP 28 EP + PG 2 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGC53 UT WOS:000246032100014 ER PT B AU Alam, MS Moeller, T Maly, A AF Alam, Mohammad Saad Moeller, Thomas Maly, Aziz GP IEEE TI Conversion of an Indian three wheeler scooter into hybrid fuel cell Ni-MH battery vehicle and validation of the vehicle model for the Bajaj three wheeler scooter SO 2006 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Electric and Hybrid Vehicles CY DEC 18-20, 2006 CL Pune, INDIA SP IEEE DE fuel cell; Ni-NIH battery; hybrid fuel cell vehicle; three wheeler AB In this paper, a bajaj three wheeler was first analyzed and designed for similar vehicle requirements. Placement of vehicle components have been calculated and proposed. An automatic hybrid controller for the vehicle power management is also proposed. The preliminary design is simulated as a series hybrid fuel cell li-ion battery vehicle model in PSAT software. Further a brief economic and environmental analysis has been done for the proposed vehicle by calculating the pay back period and using the GREET software respectively. This design can be implemented in the longer run on general vehicles; thus creating independence from fossil fuels. C1 [Alam, Mohammad Saad] Tennessee Tech, Energy Syst Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Moeller, Thomas] Tempco Elect Heater Corp, Dept Mech Engn, Wood Dale, IL USA. [Maly, Aziz] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Argonne, IL USA. RP Alam, MS (reprint author), Tennessee Tech, Energy Syst Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM saadalam@iit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9793-4 PY 2006 BP 70 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BGH74 UT WOS:000247032000012 ER PT B AU Lightfoot, HD Manheimer, W Meneley, DA Pendergast, D Stanford, GS AF Lightfoot, H. Douglas Manheimer, Wallace Meneley, Daniel A. Pendergast, Duane Stanford, George S. GP IEEE TI Nuclear fission fuel is inexhaustible SO 2006 IEEE EIC CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE EIC Climate Change Conference CY MAY 09-12, 2006 CL Ottawa, CANADA SP IEEE DE breeder; fission; fusion; inexhaustible; nuclear; plutonium; reactor; renewable; thorium; uranium ID ENERGY AB Nuclear fission energy is as inexhaustible as those energies usually termed '' renewable '', such as hydro, wind solar, and biomass. But, unlike the sum of these energies, nuclear fission energy has sufficient capacity to replace fossil fuels as they become scarce. Replacement of the current thermal variety of nuclear fission reactors with nuclear fission fast reactors, which are 100 times more fuel efficient, can dramatically extend nuclear fuel reserves. The contribution of uranium price to the cost of electricity generated by fast reactors, even if its price were the same as that of gold at US$14, 000/kg, would be US$0.003/kWh of electricity generated. At that price, economically viable uranium reserves would be, for all practical purposes, inexhaustible. Uranium could power the world as far into the future as we are today from the dawn of civilization - more than 10, 000 years ago. Fast reactors have distinct advantages in siting of plants, product transport and management of waste. C1 [Lightfoot, H. Douglas] McGill Univ, Global Environm Climate Change Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Manheimer, Wallace] Navel Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Meneley, Daniel A.] ACEL, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Stanford, George S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lightfoot, HD (reprint author), McGill Univ, Global Environm Climate Change Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0217-5 PY 2006 BP 39 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGI75 UT WOS:000247356600006 ER PT S AU Cottrell, RL Logg, C Chhaparia, M Grigoriev, M Haro, F Nazir, F Sandford, M AF Cottrell, R. Les Logg, Connie Chhaparia, Mahesh Grigoriev, Maxim Haro, Felipe Nazir, Fawad Sandford, Mark GP IEEE TI Evaluation of Techniques to Detect Significant Network Performance Problems using End-to-End Active Network Measurements SO 2006 IEEE/IFIP NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium CY APR 03-07, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE, IFIP DE Anomalous event detection; forecasting; network monitoring; network performance; performance analysis; persistent anomalies; trouble shooting; Kolmogorv-Smirnov; Holt-Winters; Plateau algorithm AB End-to-End fault and performance problems detection in wide area production networks is becoming increasingly hard as the complexity or the paths, the diversity of the performance, and dependency on the network increase. Several monitoring infrastructures are built to monitor different network metrics and collect monitoring information from thousands of hosts around the globe. Typically there are hundreds to thousands of time-series plots of network metrics which need to he looked at to identify network performance problems or anomalous variations in the traffic. Furthermore, most commercial products rely on a comparison with user configured static thresholds and often require access to SNMP-MIB information, to which a typical end-user does not usually have access. In our paper we propose new techniques to detect network performance problems proactively in close to real-time and we do not rely on static thresholds and SNMP-MIB information. We describe and compare the use of several different algorithms that we have implemented to detect persistent network problems using anomalous variations analysis in real end-to-end Internet Performance measurements. We also provide methods and/or guidance for how to set the user settable parameters. The measurements tire based on active probes running on 40 production network paths with bottlenecks varying from 0.5Mbits/s to 1000Mbit/s. For well behaved data (no missed measurements and no very large outliers) with small seasonal changes most algorithms identify similar events. We compare the algorithms' robustness with respect to false positives anti missed events especially when there are large seasonal effects in the data. Our proposed techniques cover a wide variety or network paths and traffic patterns. We also discuss the applicability or the algorithms in terms of their intuitiveness, their speed of execution as implemented, and areas of applicability. Our encouraging results compare and evaluate the accuracy of our detection techniques when applied to step down/up, diurnal changes and congestion effects. C1 [Cottrell, R. Les; Logg, Connie; Chhaparia, Mahesh] SLAC, SCS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Grigoriev, Maxim] Fermi Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Haro, Felipe] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Nazir, Fawad] NUST, Inst Informat Technol, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. [Sandford, Mark] Dept Elect Engn, Leicester, Leics LE11 3TU, England. RP Cottrell, RL (reprint author), SLAC, SCS, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM cottrell@slac.stanford.edu; cal@slac.stanford.edu; maheshke@slac.stanford.edu; maxim@fnal.gov; felipeharo@gmail.com; fawad.nazir@niit.edu.pk; J.M.Sandford@lboro.ac.uk FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division under the U.S. Department of Energy. SLAC is operated by Stanford University for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Fermilab is operated by Universities Research Association, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76CH03000. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1542-1201 BN 978-1-4244-0142-0 J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER PY 2006 BP 85 EP + DI 10.1109/NOMS.2006.1687541 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIP82 UT WOS:000261721300009 ER PT B AU Endicott-Popovsky, BE Frincke, DA AF Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara E. Frincke, Deborah A. GP IEEE TI Embedding forensic capabilities into networks: Addressing inefficiencies in digital forensics investigations SO 2006 IEEE INFORMATION ASSURANCE WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual IEEE Information Assurance Workshop CY JUN 21-23, 2006 CL W Point, NY DE digital forensics; life cycle; networks; network forensics AB When incident responders collect network forensic data, they must often decide between expending resources collecting forensically sound data, and restoring the network as quickly as possible. 11, 21 Organizational network forensic readiness has emerged as a discipline to support these choices, with suggested checklists, procedures and tools. This paper proposes a life cycle methodology for "operationalizing" organizational network forensic readiness. The methodology, and the theoretical analysis that led to its development, are offered as a conceptual framework for creating more efficient, proactive approaches to digital forensics on networks. C1 [Endicott-Popovsky, Barbara E.] Univ Washington, Informat Sch, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Endicott-Popovsky, BE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Informat Sch, Ctr Informat Assurance & Cybersecur, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM endicott@u.washington.edu; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0129-1 PY 2006 BP 133 EP + DI 10.1109/IAW.2006.1652087 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFR98 UT WOS:000244121300019 ER PT S AU Linnenbrink, TE Boyer, WB Paulter, NG Tilden, SJ AF Linnenbrink, Thomas E. Boyer, William B. Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr. Tilden, Steven J. GP IEEE TI IEEE TC-10: Update 2006 SO 2006 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY APR 24-27, 2006 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE IEEE Std 181; IEEE Std 1057; IEEE Std 1241; IEEE Std 1658 (Draft); digitizing waveform recorder; pulse; ADC; DAC; measurement AB There is a need throughout the world for uniform test methods for devices used to generate, measure, and analyze waveforms. Technical Committee 10 (TC-10), the Waveform Generation, Measurement, and Analysis Committee of the Instrumentation and Measurement (I&M) Society, is tasked to develop standards to address these needs. To date, standards have been developed for digitizing waveform recorders, analog-to-digital converters, and transitions, pulses, and related Waveforms. A standard for digital-to-analog converters is in progress. C1 [Linnenbrink, Thomas E.] Hittite Microwave Corp, Chair Waveform Generat Measurement & Anal Comm TC, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. [Boyer, William B.] Chair Subcomm Digital Waveform Recorders, Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chair Subcomm Pulse Techniques SCOPT, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Tilden, Steven J.] Texas Instruments Inc, Chair Subcomm Digital Analog Converters DACs, Chair Subcomm Analog Digital Converters ADCs, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Linnenbrink, TE (reprint author), Hittite Microwave Corp, Chair Waveform Generat Measurement & Anal Comm TC, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. EM linnenbrink@hittite.com; billboyer@netseape.com; nicholas.paulter@nist.gov; tilden_steve@ti.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-0-7803-9359-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2006 BP 130 EP + DI 10.1109/IMTC.2006.328299 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFS10 UT WOS:000244176700025 ER PT B AU Minnich, R Mirtchovski, A AF Minnich, Ron Mirtchovski, Andrey GP IEEE TI XCPU: a new, 9p-based, process management system for clusters and grids SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Xcpu is a new process management system that is equally at home on clusters and grids. Xcpu provides a process execution service visible to client nodes as a 9p server It can be presented to users as a file system if that functionality is desired. The xcpu service builds on our earlier work with the bproc system. Xcpu differs from traditional remote execution services in several key ways, One of the most important being its use of a push rather than a pull model, in which the binaries are pushed to the nodes by the job starter rather than pulled front a remote file system such as NFS. Bproc used a proprietary protocol; a process migration model; and a set. of kernel modifications to achieve its goals. In contrast, xcpu uses a well-understood protocol, namely 9p; uses a non-migration model for Moving the process to the remote node; and uses totally standard kernels on various operating systems such as Plan. 9 and Linux. to start, and MacOS and others in development In this paper we describe our clustering model; how bproc implements it and how xcpu implements a similar but not identical model. We describe in some detail the structure of the various xcpu components. Finally, we close with a discussion of xcpu performance, as measured on several clusters at LANL, including the 1024-node Pink cluster and the 256-node Blue Steel infiniband cluster. C1 [Minnich, Ron; Mirtchovski, Andrey] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Minnich, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU DOE Office of Science; Los Alamos Computer Science Institute (ASCI Institutes) FX This research was funded in part by the Mathematical Information and Computer Sciences (MICS) Program of the DOE Office of Science and the Los Alamos Computer Science Institute (ASCI Institutes). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the United States Department of Energy. Los Alamos, NM 87545 LANL LA-UR-05-7562. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 51 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900006 ER PT B AU Beckman, P Iskra, K Yoshii, K Coghlan, S AF Beckman, Pete Iskra, Kamil Yoshii, Kazutomo Coghlan, Susan GP IEEE TI The influence of operating systems on the performance of collective operations at extreme scale SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE microbenchmark; noise; petascale; synchronicity AB We investigate operating system noise, which we identify as one of the main reasons for a lack of synchronicity ill parallel applications. Using a microbenchmark, we measure the noise on several contemporary platforms and find that, even with a general-purpose operating system, noise can be limited if certain precautions are taken. We. then inject artificially generated noise into a massively parallel system and measure its influence on the performance of collective operations. Our experiments indicate that on extreme-scale platforms, the performance is correlated with the largest interruption to the application, even if the probability of such an interruption is extremely small. We demonstrate that synchronizing the noise can significantly reduce its negative influence. C1 [Beckman, Pete; Iskra, Kamil; Yoshii, Kazutomo; Coghlan, Susan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beckman, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM beckman@mcs.anl.gov; iskra@mcs.anl.gov; kazutom@mcs.anl.gov; smc@mcs.anl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division of Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 81 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900009 ER PT B AU Rodrigues, A Wheeler, K Kogge, P Underwood, K AF Rodrigues, Arun Wheeler, Kyle Kogge, Peter Underwood, Keith GP IEEE TI Fine-grained message pipelining for improved MPI performance SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB By its nature, MPI leads to coarse grained communications. This is because all current MPI implementations deliver two orders of magnitude more bandwidth for large message sizes (kilobytes) than small message sizes (bytes). This translates into applications that bundle their small communications into larger communications whenever possible. In modern implementations, this sacrifice in the granularity of communication translates directly into a sacrifice in the granularity of synchronization. MPI requires that the entire message arrive before any of the data can be delivered to the application, because message completion is the Only synchronization semantic the network can expose to the processor This paper explores the implications of providing synchronization between. the network and the processor at the memory word level using a mechanism such as Full/Empty, Bits. This enables the application to begin computing as soon as the data for the first memory referenced has arrived without having to wait for all of the data in the message. C1 [Rodrigues, Arun; Wheeler, Kyle; Kogge, Peter] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 384 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Underwood, Keith] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodrigues, A (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, 384 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 114 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900012 ER PT B AU Riesen, R AF Riesen, Rolf GP IEEE TI A hybrid MPI simulator SO 2006 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Performance analysis of large scale applications and predicting the impact of architectural changes on the behavior of such applications is difficult. Traditional approaches to measuring applications usually change their behavior, require recompilation, and need specialized tools to extract performance information. Often the tools are programming language specific and not suitable for all applications. If, instead, an application is to be modeled to gather the same kind of information, then in-depth knowledge of the application is required. Furthermore, parameters that control the behavior of the application on a specific machine have to be adjusted; often in ways that are more art than science. In this paper we describe an approach that is a hybrid between running a parallel application in stand-alone mode and simulating the network it uses for AM data exchanges. The discrete event network simulator is execution-driven by the application. We explain how our early prototype works and how it can be used. We mention several experiments that we have already performed with this prototype and show its potential for future research. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Riesen, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 143 EP 151 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900015 ER PT B AU Oldfield, RA Ward, L Riesen, R Maccabe, AB Widener, P Kordenbrock, T AF Oldfield, Ron A. Ward, Lee Riesen, Rolf Maccabe, Arthur B. Widener, Patrick Kordenbrock, Todd GP IEEE TI Lightweight I/O for scientific applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Today's high-end massively parallel processing (MPP) machines have thousands to tens of thousands of processors, with next-generation systems planned to have in excess of one hundred thousand processors. For systems of such scale, efficient I/O is a significant challenge that cannot be solved using traditional approaches. In particular, general purpose parallel file systems that limit applications to standard interfaces and access policies do not scale and will likely be a performance bottleneck for many scientific applications. In this paper, we investigate the use of a "lightweight" approach to I/O that requires the application or I/O-library developer to extend a core set of critical I/O functionality with the minimum set of features and services required by its target applications. We argue that this approach allows the development of I/O libraries that are both scalable and secure. We support our claims with preliminary, results for a lightweight checkpoint operation on a development cluster at Sandia. C1 [Oldfield, Ron A.; Ward, Lee; Riesen, Rolf] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Maccabe, Arthur B.; Widener, Patrick] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kordenbrock, Todd] Hewlett Packard Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Oldfield, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM raoldfi@sandia.gov; lee@sandia.gov; rolf@sandia.gov; maccabe@cs.unm.edu; widener@cs.unm.edu; thkorde@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 152 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900016 ER PT B AU Uhlemann, K Engelmann, C Scott, SL AF Uhlemann, K. Engelmann, C. Scott, S. L. GP IEEE TI JOSHUA: Symmetric active/active replication for highly available HPC job and resource management SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Most of today's HPC systems employ a single head node for control, which represents a single point of failure as it interrupts an. entire HPC system upon failure. Furthermore, it is also a single point of control as it disables an entire HPC system until repair. One of the most important HPC system service running on. the head node is the job and resource Management. If it goes down, all currently running jobs loose the service they report back to. Thin, have to be restarted once the head node is tip and running again. With this paper, we present a generic approach for providing symmetric active/active replication for highly available HPC job and resource management. The JOSHUA solution provides a virtually synchronous environment for continuous availability without any interruption of service and without any loss of state. Replication is performed externally via the PBS service interface without the need to modify any service code. Test results as well as availability analysis of our proof-of-concept prototype implementation show that continuous availability can be provided by JOSHUA with an acceptable performance trade-off. C1 [Uhlemann, K.; Engelmann, C.; Scott, S. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Uhlemann, K.; Engelmann, C.] Univ Reading, Dept Comp Sci, Reading, Berks RG6 6AH, England. RP Uhlemann, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM uhlemannk@ornl.gov; engelmannc@ornl.gov; scottsl@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research FX Research sponsored in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.; This research is sponsored in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 173 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900018 ER PT B AU Shi, Z Jeannot, E Dongarra, JJ AF Shi, Zhiao Jeannot, Emmanuel Dongarra, Jack J. GP IEEE TI Robust task scheduling in non-deterministic heterogeneous computing systems SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE DE DAG; task scheduling; robustness; heterogeneous system; genetic algorithm ID COMMUNICATION DELAYS; GENETIC ALGORITHM; PARALLEL; DISTURBANCES; PROCESSORS; GRAPHS AB The paper addresses the problem of matching and scheduling of DAG-structured application to both minimize the makespan and maximize the robustness in a heterogeneous computing system. Due to the conflict of the two objectives, it is usually impossible to achieve both goals at the same time. We give two definitions of robustness of a schedule based on tardiness and Miss rate. Slack is proved to be at effective metric to be used to adjust the robustness. We employ E-constraint method to soli,e the bi-objective optimization problem where minimizing the makespan and maximizing the stack are the two objectives. Overall performances of a schedule considering both makespan and robustness is defined such that user have the flexibility to put emphasis on either objective. Experiment results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. C1 [Shi, Zhiao; Dongarra, Jack J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jeannot, Emmanuel] Univ Nancy, CNRS, INRIA, Innovat Comp Lab & LORIA, F-54506 Nancy, France. [Dongarra, Jack J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shi, Z (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM shi@cs.utk.edu; Emmanuel.Jeannot@loria.fr; dongarra@cs.utk.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 297 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900031 ER PT B AU Watson, GR DeBardeleben, NA AF Watson, Gregory R. DeBardeleben, Nathan A. GP IEEE TI A model-based framework for the integration of parallel tools SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB A large number of tools are already available to aid in the development of parallel scientific applications, yet many developers are unaware thin: exist, do not have access to them, or find them too difficult to use. And, unlike the wider software development community where the use of integrated development environments is best practice, parallel software development languishes with the lowest common denominator of command-line tools and Emacs style editors. By harnessing the power and flexibility of the phenomenally successful Eclipse framework, we have developed a platform for the integration of parallel tools that aims to provide a robust, portable, and scalable parallel development environment for the development of high performance scientific computing applications. The Eclipse Parallel Tools Platform utilizes a model-view-controller design and a generic API architecture to support a wide range of parallel computing environments. The platform has been designed so that it is easily extensible, and will support the integration of existing and new parallel tools. In. this paper we describe the architecture of the platform, provide details of an example implementation for a particular parallel runtime system, and show how other parallel tools can be integrated with the Eclipse Parallel Tools Platform. C1 [Watson, Gregory R.; DeBardeleben, Nathan A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Watson, GR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gwatson@lanl.gov; ndebard@lanl.gov FU Advanced Simulation & Computing (ASC) Program of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the United States Department of Energy [LA-UR-06-4794] FX This research was funded by the Advanced Simulation & Computing (ASC) Program of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the United States Department of Energy. LA-UR-06-4794. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 416 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900046 ER PT B AU Shet, AG Sadayappan, P Bernholdt, DE Nieplocha, J Tipparaju, V AF Shet, Aniruddha G. Sadayappan, P. Bernholdt, David E. Nieplocha, Jarek Tipparaju, Vinod GP IEEE TI A performance instrumentation framework to characterize computation-communication overlap in message-passing systems SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Effective overlap of computation and communication is a well understood technique for latency hiding and can yield significant performance gains for applications on high-end computers. In this paper, we propose an instrumentation framework for message-passing systems to characterize the degree of overlap of communication with computation in the execution of parallel applications. The inability to obtain precise time-stamps for pertinent communication events is a significant problem, and is addressed by generation of minimum and maximum bounds on achieved overlap. The overlap measures can aid application developers and system designers in investigating scalability issues. The approach has been used to instrument two MPI implententations as well as the ARMCI system. The implententation resides entirely within the communication library and thus integrates well with existing approaches that operate outside the library. The usefulness of the framework is shown by analyzing available overlap for microbenchmarks and NAS benchmarks, and the insights obtained are used to improve achieved overlap by modifying the NAS SP benchmark. C1 [Shet, Aniruddha G.; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bernholdt, David E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nieplocha, Jarek; Tipparaju, Vinod] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shet, AG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shet@cse.ohio-state.edu; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu; bernholdtde@ornl.gov; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov; vinod.tipparaju@pnl.gov FU FASTOS program of the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the FASTOS program of the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy. Part of this work was performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by T-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 455 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900050 ER PT B AU Oldfield, RA Maccabe, AB Widener, P Ward, L Kordenbrock, T AF Oldfield, Ron A. Maccabe, Arthur B. Widener, Patrick Ward, Lee Kordenbrock, Todd GP IEEE TI Efficient data-movement for lightweight I/O SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE ID RPC AB Efficient data movement is an important part of any high-performance I/O system, but it is especially critical for the current and next-generation of massively parallel processing (MPP) systems. In this paper, we discuss how the scale, architecture, and organization of current and proposed MPP systems impact the design of the data-movement scheme for the I/O system. We also describe and analyze the approach used by the Lightweight File Systems (LWFS) project, and we compare that approach to more conventional data-movement protocols used by small and mid-range clusters. Our results indicate that the data-movement strategy used by LWFS clearly outperforms conventional data-movement protocols, particularly as data sizes increase. C1 [Oldfield, Ron A.; Ward, Lee] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Maccabe, Arthur B.; Widener, Patrick] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kordenbrock, Todd] Hewlett Packard Corp, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Oldfield, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM raoldfi@sandia.gov; maccabe@cs.unm.edu; widener@cs.unm.edu; lee@sandia.gov; thkorde@sandia.gov FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 558 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900060 ER PT B AU Vazhkudai, SS Thain, D Ma, XS Freeh, VW AF Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S. Thain, Douglas Ma, Xiaosong Freeh, Vincent W. GP IEEE TI Positioning dynamic storage caches for transient data SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB Simulations, experiments and observatories are generating a deluge of scientific data. Even more staggering is the ever growing application demand to process and assimilate these datasets. Application users perform. a range of data operations, collaborate and share data in many novel ways. The current storage landscape is struggling to keep up with these trends in scientific data processing. Application users pay the price due to over crowded shared filesystems, or expensive storage area networks, or not enough local storage, or high-latency archival or wide-area transfers. In order to sustain and maximize I/O bandwidth relative to increasing CPU speeds, applications must take advantage of large amounts of intermediate commodity storage, However intermediate storage presents new, challenges above and beyond the traditional distributed filesystem. paradigm: persistent scheduling, storage/CPU coallocation, namespace management, lifetime management, and novel application interfaces. In this paper; we describe applications that require intermediate storage management, suggest several open research problems, and illustrate two systems - Freeloader and Tactical Storage - that attack different aspects of these problems. C1 [Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Thain, Douglas] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ma, Xiaosong; Freeh, Vincent W.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Vazhkudai, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM vazhkudaiss@ornl.gov; dthain@cse.nd.edu; xma@ncsu.edu; vwfreeh@ncsu.edu FU DOE ECPI [DEFG02-05ER25685]; NSF CAREER [CNS-0546301]; IBM UPP; DOE contract with UT Battelle; LLC [DEAC05-00OR2275]; NCSU; ORNL FX This work is supported in part by a DOE ECPI Award (DEFG02- 05ER25685), an NSF CAREER Award (CNS-0546301), an IBM UPP award, a DOE contract with UT-Battelle, LLC (DEAC05-00OR2275), and Xiaosong Mas joint appointment between NCSU and ORNL. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 584 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900063 ER PT B AU Graham, RL Shipman, GM Barrett, BW Castain, RH Bosilca, G Lumsdaine, A AF Graham, Richard L. Shipman, Galen M. Barrett, Brian W. Castain, Ralph H. Bosilca, George Lumsdaine, Andrew GP IEEE TI Open MPI: A high-performance, heterogeneous MPI SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 25-28, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP IEEE AB The growth in the number of generally available, distributed, heterogeneous computing systems places increasing importance on the development of user-friendly tools that enable application developers to efficiently use these resources. Open MPI provides support for several aspects of heterogeneity within a single, open-source MPI implementation. Through careful abstractions, heterogeneous support maintains efficient use of uniform computational platforms. We describe Open MPI's architecture for heterogeneous network and processor support. A key design features of this implementation is the transparency to the application dei,eloper while maintaining very high levels of performance. This is demonstrated with the results of several numerical experiments. C1 [Graham, Richard L.; Shipman, Galen M.; Castain, Ralph H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Barrett, Brian W.; Lumsdaine, Andrew] Indiana Univ, Open Syst Lab, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Bosilca, George] Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Graham, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rgraham@lanl.gov; gshipman@lanl.gov; brbarret@osl.iu.edu; rhc@lanl.gov; bosilca@cs.utk.edu; lums@osl.iu.edu FU United StatesDepartment of Energy; National Nuclear Security AdministrationsASCI PSE program; Los Alamos Computer Science Institute; National Science Foundation [NSF-01 16050, EIA-0202048, ANI-0330620]; Center for Information Technology Research (CITR) of the University of Tennessee; Los Alamos National Laboratory; University of California for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the United States Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX Project support was provided through the United StatesDepartment of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration'sASCI/PSE program and the Los Alamos Computer Science Institute; a grant from the Lilly Endowment and National Science Foundation grants NSF-01 16050, EIA-0202048 and ANI-0330620; and the Center for Information Technology Research (CITR) of the University of Tennessee. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the University of California for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the United States Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. The authors would like to thank all those who also contributed to development of Open MPI, particularly Tim Woodall (formerly of Los Alamos National Laboratory, currently at NetQoS). LA-UR-06-3453. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0327-1 PY 2006 BP 621 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFT48 UT WOS:000244517900067 ER PT S AU Zhu, X Zheng, X Veeraraghavan, M Li, Z Song, Q Habib, I Rao, NSV AF Zhu, X. Zheng, X. Veeraraghavan, M. Li, Z. Song, Q. Habib, I. Rao, N. S. V. GP IEEE TI Implementation of a GMPLS-based Network with End Host Initiated Signaling SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2006) CY JUN 11-15, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE AB In this article, we describe our experiences in implementing an experimental wide-area GMPLS network called CHEETAH (Circuit-Switched End-to-End Transport Architecture). The key concept is to add a complementary end-to-end circuit based service with dynamic call-by-call bandwidth sharing to the connectionless service already available to end hosts via the Internet. The current CHEETAH experimental network consists of off-the-shelf GMPLS-capable SONET switches (with Ethernet interfaces) deployed at three locations, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Atlanta, Georgia, and Oak Ridge, Tennessee. We designed and implemented a CHEETAH software package to run on Linux end hosts connected to the CHEETAH network. Among other functions, this software package includes an RSVP-TE client module to enable end users and applications to dynamically initiate requests for dedicated end-to-end circuits and receive/respond to requests for circuits. We present measurements for typical end-to-end circuit setup delays across this network. For example, end-to-end circuit setup delay from a Linux end host in NC to a host in Atlanta is 166ms. C1 [Zhu, X.; Zheng, X.; Veeraraghavan, M.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Li, Z.; Song, Q.; Habib, I.] CUNY, New York, NY USA. [Rao, N. S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhu, X (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU NSF [ITR-0312376, ANI-0335190, ANI-0087487]; DOE [DE-FG02-04ER25640] FX This work was carried out under the sponsorship of NSF ITR-0312376, NSF ANI-0335190, NSF ANI-0087487, and DOE DE-FG02-04ER25640 grants. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-0354-7 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2006 BP 2710 EP 2716 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTI69 UT WOS:000287032702134 ER PT S AU Xian, L Punnoose, R Liu, HP AF Xian, Liang Punnoose, Ratish Liu, Huaping GP IEEE TI Space-Time Block Coded GMSK With Low-Complexity Linear Receiver SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2006) CY JUN 11-15, 2006 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE ID CONTINUOUS-PHASE MODULATION; 2 TRANSMIT ANTENNAS; CPM SYSTEM AB Existing space-time codes have focused on multiple-antenna systems with linear modulations such as phase-shift keying or quadrature amplitude modulation. Continuous phase modulation (CPM) is an attractive scheme for digital transmission because of its constant envelope which is needed for power-efficient transmitters. Recent research has shown that space-time coded CPM can achieve transmit diversity to improve performance while maintaining the compact spectrum of CPM signals. However, these efforts mainly combine space-time trellis code (STTC) with CPM to achieve spatial diversity at the cost of a high decoding complexity. In this paper, we design space-time block codes (STBC) for Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK), a special case of CPM with modulation index 1/2. This scheme has a much lower decoding complexity than STTC CPM and still maintains excellent diversity performances. C1 [Xian, Liang; Liu, Huaping] Oregon State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Punnoose, Ratish] Instrumentat Syst Engn Dept, Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Xian, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rjpunno@sandia.gov; hliu@eecs.oregonstate.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-0354-7 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2006 BP 4876 EP 4881 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTI69 UT WOS:000287032705002 ER PT S AU Robinett, RD Wilson, DG AF Robinett, Rush D., III Wilson, David G. GP IEEE TI Exergy and irreversible entropy production thermodynamic concepts for control system design: Robotic servo applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) CY MAY 15-19, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE ID STATE-SPACE THEORY; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; ENERGY CONCEPTS; PASSIVITY; PORTS AB This paper(1) develops a novel control system design methodology that uniquely combines: concepts from thermodynarnic exergy and entropy; Hamiltonian systems; Lyapunov's direct method and Lyapunov optimal analysis; electric AC power concepts; and power flow analysis. Relationships are derived between exergy/entropy and Lyapunov optimal functions for Hamiltonian systems. The methodology is demonstrated with a few fundamental numerical simulation examples: 1) a Duffing oscillator/Coulomb friction nonlinear model that employs PID regulator control; and 2) a linear PID tracking servo control design for a translational single robot link system. The control system performances are partitioned and evaluated based on exergy generation and exergy dissipation terms. This novel nonlinear control methodology results in both necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of nonlinear systems. C1 [Robinett, Rush D., III] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Robinett, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rdrobin@sandia.gov; dwilso@sandia.gov FU [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 0-7803-9505-0 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2006 BP 3685 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1642265 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BFB71 UT WOS:000240886908010 ER PT B AU Banerjee, B AF Banerjee, Bakul GP IEEE TI Estimating design costs for first-of-a-kind projects SO 2006 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Engineering Management Conference CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Salvador, BRAZIL SP IEEE AB Modern scientific facilities are often outcomes of projects that are first-of-a-kind, that is, minimal historical data are available for project costs and schedules. However, at Fermilab, there was an opportunity to execute two similar projects consecutively. In this paper, a comparative study of the design costs for these two projects is presented using earned value methodology. This study provides some insights into how to estimate the cost of a replicated project. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0285-4 PY 2006 BP 402 EP 405 DI 10.1109/IEMC.2006.4279897 PG 4 WC Business; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA BGU17 UT WOS:000250552000081 ER PT S AU Prasad, L AF Prasad, Lakshman GP IEEE TI Quantifying Qualitative Features SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE shape; feature; chordal axis transform; Delaunay triangulation; skeleton AB Many features of interest in remote sensing imagery, such as roads, rivers, clouds, trees, and buildings can have high spectral, structural, and textural variability due to variations in reflectance, resolution, intrinsic shape, etc. Nevertheless they have distinctive qualitative properties of their own from the point of human perception. For instance, clouds are typically fluffy or wispy, roads have uniform widths, rivers are rarely straight, and buildings are rectilinear. The efficient quantification of such qualitative structural signatures is important for automatically recognizing and labeling features in imagery. In this paper we demonstrate the value of constrained Delaunay triangulations (CDT) of discretely sampled shape contours for obtaining quantifiers of qualitative characteristics of certain features. These quantifiers are efficient to compute, and fairly robust to partial occlusions, resolution limitations, and noise. This has applications to the automated analysis and understanding of airborne and terrestrial imagery in classifying structures such as, clouds, forests, rivers, cities, etc. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Prasad, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM prasad@lanl.gov OI Prasad, Lakshman/0000-0003-3967-3643 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 360 EP 363 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.97 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400093 ER PT S AU Dundar, M Theiler, J Perkins, S AF Dundar, Murat Theiler, James Perkins, Simon GP IEEE TI Incorporating Spatial Contiguity into the Design of a Support Vector Machine Classifier SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci AB We describe a modification of the standard support vector machine (SVM) classifier that exploits the tendency for spatially contiguous pixels to be similarly classified. A quadratic term characterizing the spatial correlations in a multispectral image is added into the standard SVM optimization criterion. The mathematical structure of the SVM programming problem is retained, and the solution can be expressed in terms of the ordinary SVM solution with a modified dot product. The spatial correlations are characterized by a "contiguity matrix" Psi whose computation does not require labeled data; thus, the method provides a way to use a mix of labeled and unlabeled data. We present numerical comparisons of classification performance for this contiguity-enhanced SVM against a standard SVM for two multispectral data sets. C1 [Dundar, Murat] Siemens Med Solut Inc, Comp Aided Diag & Therapy, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. [Theiler, James; Perkins, Simon] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Dundar, M (reprint author), Siemens Med Solut Inc, Comp Aided Diag & Therapy, Malvern, PA 19355 USA. EM murat.dundar@siemens.com; jt@lanl.gov; s.perkins@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 364 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.98 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400094 ER PT S AU Stackhouse, PW Eckman, RS Zhang, T Mikovitz, JC Whitlock, CH Chandler, WS Hoell, JM Leng, GS Lilienthal, P AF Stackhouse, P. W. Eckman, R. S. Zhang, T. Mikovitz, J. C. Whitlock, C. H. Chandler, W. S. Hoell, J. M. Leng, G. S. Lilienthal, P. GP IEEE TI Supporting Energy-Related Societal Applications Using NASA's Satellite and Modeling Data SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE energy; solar energy; decision support systems AB Improvements to NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) web site are now being made through the Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project under NASA Science Mission Directorate Applied Science Energy Management Program. The purpose of this project is to tailor NASA Science Mission results for energy sector applications and decision support systems. The current status of SSE and research towards upgrading estimates of total, direct and diffuse solar irradiance from NASA satellite measurements and analysis are discussed. Part of this work involves collaborating with partners such as the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). Energy Management and POWER plans including historic, near-term and forecast datasets are also overviewed. C1 [Stackhouse, P. W.; Eckman, R. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Miss Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Whitlock, C. H.; Chandler, W. S.; Hoell, J. M.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Zhang, T.; Mikovitz, J. C.] Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Leng, G. S.] Ctr Technol Ingn CANMET, CANMET Energy Technol Ctr, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S6, Canada. [Lilienthal, P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80402 USA. RP Stackhouse, PW (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Miss Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM Paul.W.Stackhouse@NASA.gov FU NASA Applied Science FX Funding for this work is provided through the NASA Applied Science Program Energy Management Theme NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 425 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.113 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989400109 ER PT S AU Yocky, DA Wahl, DE AF Yocky, David A. Wahl, Daniel E. GP IEEE TI Minimum-Latency Polar Format Algorithm SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE SAR; spotlight-mode; polar format; image formation; real-time processing ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SAR IMAGE-FORMATION; SPOTLIGHT AB The polar format algorithm (PFA) is a computationally efficient image formation method for high-resolution spotlight-mode SAR data collections. Yet, its usual real-time implementation waits until the entire synthetic aperture has been collected before beginning image formation. This results in a latency time. This paper presents a new approach to PFA that performs range and azimuth interpolation and range compression as the aperture is collected. Thus, the remaining latency is approximately the azimuth compression time. Performing image formation during aperture collection makes minimum-latency PFA a viable real-time image formation algorithm. C1 [Yocky, David A.; Wahl, Daniel E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Signal Proc & Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yocky, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Signal Proc & Res Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3177 EP 3179 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.816 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402002 ER PT S AU Stackhouse, PW Renne, D Beyer, HG Wald, L Meyer, R Perez, R Suri, M AF Stackhouse, P. W., Jr. Renne, D. Beyer, H. -G. Wald, L. Meyer, R. Perez, R. Suri, M. GP IEEE TI Towards Designing an Integrated Earth Observation System for the Provision of Solar Energy Resource and Assessment SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE energy; solar energy; renewable energy; GEOSS AB The GEOSS strategic plan specifically targets the area of improved energy resource management due to the importance of these to the economic and social viability of every nation of the world. With the world's increasing demand for energy resources, the need for new alternative energy resources grows. This paper overviews a new initiative within the International Energy Agency that addresses needs to better manage and develop solar energy resources worldwide. The goal is to provide the solar energy industry, the electricity sector, governments, and renewable energy organizations and institutions with the most suitable and accurate information of the solar radiation resources at the Earth's surface in easily-accessible formats and understandable quality metrics. The scope of solar resource assessment information includes historic data sets and currently derived data products using satellite imagery and other means. Thus, this new task will address the needs of the solar energy sector while at the same time will serve as a model that satisfies GEOSS objectives and goals. C1 [Stackhouse, P. W., Jr.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Wald, L.] CNRS, Ecole Mines, Ctr Energetique Procedes, F-06904 Paris C, France. [Renne, D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Meyer, R.] DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Beyer, H. -G.] Unit Appl Sci Magdeburg Stendal, Inst Elect Engn, D-39114 Magdeburg, Germany. [Perez, R.] Albany State Univ, Albany, GA 31705 USA. [Suri, M.] DG Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Ispra, Italy. RP Stackhouse, PW (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM paul.w.stackhouse@nasa.gov RI Wald, Lucien/C-1284-2009 OI Wald, Lucien/0000-0002-2916-2391 FU NASA Applied Science Program Energy Management Theme; respective governments under the IEA agreement FX Funding for the main authors work is provided through the NASA Applied Science Program Energy Management Theme; Co-author funding is provided through respective governments under the IEA agreement NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3517 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.902 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402088 ER PT S AU Vijayaraj, V Younan, NH O'Hara, CG AF Vijayaraj, Veeraraghavan Younan, Nicolas H. O'Hara, Charles G. GP IEEE TI Concepts of Image Fusion in Remote Sensing Applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE image fusion; object-based classification ID DECISION FUSION; CLASSIFICATION AB Earth observation satellites provide data covering different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum at different spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions. To utilize these different types of image data effectively, a number of image fusion techniques have been developed. Image fusion is defined as "the set of methods, tools, and means of using data from two or more different images to improve the quality of the information" [1]. The fused image has rich information that will improve the performance of image analysis algorithms. This increase in quality of the information leads to better processing (ex: classification, segmentation) accuracies compared to using the information from one type of data alone. In this paper pixel level and feature level image fusion are applied for the classification of a co-registered QuickBird multispectral and panchromatic images. C1 [Vijayaraj, Veeraraghavan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Younan, Nicolas H.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Younan, Nicolas H.; O'Hara, Charles G.] Mississippi State Univ, GeoResources Inst, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Vijayaraj, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 3798 EP + DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.973 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402159 ER PT B AU Yocky, DA Wahl, DE Jakowatz, CV AF Yocky, David A. Wahl, Daniel E. Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr. GP IEEE TI Spotlight-Mode SAR Image Formation Utilizing the Chirp Z-Transform in Two Dimensions SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 31-AUG 04, 2006 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, Off Naval Res, Natl Polar Orbiting Operat Environm Satellite Syst, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Ball Aerosp & Technologies Corp, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Colorado State Univ, Univ Colorado, Int Union Radio Sci DE SAR; spotlight-mode; image formatiom ID SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR AB A new spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar image formation approach is presented that directly utilizes the reflected electromagnetic returns collected on a polar grid. This approach eliminates polar-to-rectangular grid interpolation by employing chirp z-transforms in two dimensions. Since the chirp z-transform can be implemented via fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), this image formation algorithm consists almost entirely of FFTs allowing it to exploit computationally-efficient FFT engines for fast image formation speeds. This paper presents the algorithm, and compares the operation counts and execution time between the new algorithm and traditional polar formatting, which employs interpolation. The paper also presents conditions for which the chirp z-transform in two dimensions is advantageous. C1 [Yocky, David A.; Wahl, Daniel E.; Jakowatz, Charles V., Jr.] Sandia Natl Labs, Signal Proc Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yocky, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Signal Proc Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9509-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2006 BP 4180 EP 4182 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2006.1072 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIN08 UT WOS:000260989402258 ER PT S AU Michel, HE Awwal, AAS Rancour, D AF Michel, Howard E. Awwal, Abdul Ahad S. Rancour, David GP IEEE TI Artificial neural networks using complex numbers and phase encoded weights - Electronic and optical implementations SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORK PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network CY JUL 16-21, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE ID BACKPROPAGATION ALGORITHM; NET AB The model of a simple perceptron using phase-encoded inputs and complex-valued weights is proposed. The aggregation function, activation function, and learning rule for the proposed neuron are derived and applied to Boolean logic functions. The complex-valued neuron (CVN) is shown to be superior to traditional perceptrons. Optical and analog circuit implementations are discussed and the CVN is shown to, be very attractive for optical implementation since optical computations are naturally complex. The cost of the CVN is less in all cases than the traditional neuron when implemented optically. However, on those implementations dependent on standard serial computers, CVN will be more cost effective only in those applications where its increased power can offset the requirement for additional neurons. C1 [Michel, Howard E.; Rancour, David] Southeastern Massachusetts Univ, ECE Dept, 285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Awwal, Abdul Ahad S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Michel, HE (reprint author), Southeastern Massachusetts Univ, ECE Dept, 285 Old Westport Rd, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM hmichel@umassd.edu; awwall@llnl.gov; hmichel@umassd.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-0-7803-9490-2 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2006 BP 486 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW67 UT WOS:000245125900071 ER PT S AU Keller, PE McMakin, DL Hall, TE Sheen, DM AF Keller, Paul E. McMakin, Douglas L. Hall, Thomas E. Sheen, David M. GP IEEE TI Use of a neural network to identify man-made structure in millimeter-wave images for security screening applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORK PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network CY JUL 16-21, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE ID PRIVACY ALGORITHM; SYSTEM AB Events in the past few years have heightened security concerns necessitating the development of more advanced methods for detecting potential threats being carried on individuals. One approach is to use imaging methods that see through clothing to find potentially threatening objects being concealed by individuals on their person. This sparks obvious privacy concerns. This paper describes one technique based on neural networks and Fourier features applied to active millimeter-wave imagery that finds man-made structure potentially indicating a threat without compromising personal privacy. C1 [Keller, Paul E.; McMakin, Douglas L.; Hall, Thomas E.; Sheen, David M.] NW Natl Lab, PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Keller, PE (reprint author), NW Natl Lab, PNNL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Paul.Keller@pnl.gov; Doug.McMakin@pnl.gov; Tom.Hall@pnl.gov; David.Sheen@pnl.gov FU U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Related Services Agreements; U.S. Department of Energy, as well as Internal Research & Development funding from Battelle; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE- AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Related Services Agreements with the U.S. Department of Energy, as well as Internal Research & Development funding from Battelle. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE- AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-0-7803-9490-2 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2006 BP 2009 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW67 UT WOS:000245125903060 ER PT S AU Brannon, N Conrad, G Draelos, T Seiffertt, J Wunsch, D AF Brannon, Nathan Conrad, Gregory Draelos, Timothy Seiffertt, John Wunsch, Donald GP IEEE TI Information fusion and situation awareness using ARTMAP and partially observable Markov decision processes SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORK PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network CY JUL 16-21, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE AB For applications such as force protection, an effective decision maker needs to maintain an unambiguous grasp of the environment. Opportunities exist to leverage computational mechanisms for the adaptive fusion of diverse information sources. The current research involves the use of neural networks and Markov chains to process information from sources including sensors, weather data, and law enforcement. Furthermore, the system operator's input is used as a point of reference for the machine learning algorithms. More detailed features of the approach are provided along with an example scenario. C1 [Brannon, Nathan; Conrad, Gregory; Draelos, Timothy] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Seiffertt, John] Univ Missouri Rolla, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Wunsch, Donald] Univ Missouri Rolla, Dept Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Brannon, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ngbrann@sandia.gov; gnconra@sandia.gov; jdrael@sandia.gov; jes0b4@umr.edu; dwunsch@umr.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-0-7803-9490-2 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2006 BP 2023 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW67 UT WOS:000245125903062 ER PT S AU Goodman, E Ventura, D AF Goodman, Eric Ventura, Dan GP IEEE TI Spatiotemporal Pattern Recognition via Liquid State Machines SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORK PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network CY JUL 16-21, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE ID SPIKING NEURONS; COMPUTATIONAL POWER; NETWORKS AB The applicability of complex networks of spiking neurons as a general purpose machine learning technique remains open. Building on previous work using macroscopic exploration of the parameter space of an (artificial) neural microcircuit, we investigate the possibility of using a liquid state machine to solve two real-world problems: stockpile surveillance signal alignment and spoken phoneme recognition. C1 [Goodman, Eric] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Ventura, Dan] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Goodman, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM elgo-odm@sandia.gov; ventura@cs.byu.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories FX We thank Sandia National Laboratories for partially funding this work and for providing the stockpile surveillance data. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-0-7803-9490-2 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2006 BP 3848 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFW67 UT WOS:000245125907012 ER PT S AU Grider, G Chen, HB Nunez, J Poole, S Wacha, R Fields, P Martinez, R Martinez, P Khalsa, S Matthews, A Gibson, G AF Grider, Gary Chen, Hsing-bung Nunez, James Poole, Steve Wacha, Rosie Fields, Parks Martinez, Robert Martinez, Paul Khalsa, Satsangat Matthews, Abbie Gibson, Garth GP IEEE TI PaScal - A new parallel and scalable server IO networking infrastructure for supporting global storage/file systems in large-size Linux clusters SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference CY APR 10-12, 2006 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Parallel and Scalable I/O; cluster computing; Global Storage/File system; multipath routing; load balancing; high-speed interconnect AB This paper presents the design and implementation of a new I/O networking infrastructure, named PaScal(1) (Parallel and Scalable I/O Networking Framework). PaScal is used to support high data bandwidth IP based global storage systems for large scale Linux clusters. PaScal has several unique properties. It employs'(1) Multi-level switch-fabric interconnection network by combining high speed interconnects for computing Inter-Process Communication (IPC) requirements and low-cost Gigabit Ethernet interconnect for global IP based storage/file access, (2) A bandwidth on demand scaling I/O networking architecture, (3) Open-standard IP networks (routing and switching), (4) Multipath routing for load balancing and failover, (5) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing software, and (6) Supporting a global file system in multi-cluster and multi-platform environments. We describe both the hardware and software components of our proposed PaScal. We have implemented the PaScal I/O infrastructure on several large-size Linux clusters at LANL. We have conducted a sequence of parallel MPT-IO assessment benchmarks on LANL's Pink 1024 node Linux cluster and the Panasas global parallel file system. Performance results from our parallel MPI-IO benchmarks on the Pink cluster demonstrate that the PaScal I/O Infrastructure is robust and capable of scaling in bandwidth on large-size Linux clusters. C1 [Grider, Gary; Chen, Hsing-bung; Nunez, James; Poole, Steve; Wacha, Rosie; Fields, Parks; Martinez, Robert; Martinez, Paul; Khalsa, Satsangat] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Matthews, Abbie; Gibson, Garth] Panasas File Syst, Fremont 94555, CA USA. RP Grider, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 1-4244-0197-6 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2006 BP 331 EP + DI 10.1109/.2006.1629424 PG 3 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFN68 UT WOS:000243340100042 ER PT S AU Pratt, B Caffrey, M Graham, P Morgan, K Wirthlin, M AF Pratt, Brian Caffrey, Michael Graham, Paul Morgan, Keith Wirthlin, Michael GP IEEE TI Improving FPGA design robustness with partial TMR SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 44TH ANNUAL SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE SEU; FPGA; TMR; persistence; error propagation; simulator; radiation; selective mitigation AB This paper describes an efficient approach of applying mitigation to an FPGA design to protect against Single Event Upsets (SEUs). This approach applies mitigation selectively to FPGA circuit structures depending on their importance within the design. Higher priority is given to structures causing "persistent" errors within the design. For certain applications, applying selective mitigation to the persistent components can yield higher returns in reliability per unit cost than full mitigation. A software tool is also introduced which automatically classifies circuit structures based on this concept and applies Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) selectively based on the classification of the circuit structure. C1 [Pratt, Brian; Morgan, Keith] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Graham, Paul; Morgan, Keith] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 84602 USA. [Wirthlin, Michael] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Pratt, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Provo, UT 84602 USA. FU Department of Energy through the Deployable Adaptive Processing Systems, the Cibola Flight Experiment; Sensor-Oriented Processing and Networking projects at LANL as well as by NASA through the Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit project under AIST [NAG5-13516] FX We would like to acknowledge the support of Joe Fabula, Howard Bogrow and others at Xilinx. This work was funded by the Department of Energy through the Deployable Adaptive Processing Systems, the Cibola Flight Experiment, and the Sensor-Oriented Processing and Networking projects at LANL as well as by NASA through the Reconfigurable Hardware in Orbit project under AIST contract #NAG5-13516. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 0-7803-9498-4 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2006 BP 226 EP + DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2006.251221 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BFB59 UT WOS:000240855800036 ER PT S AU Strong, FW Skinner, JL Talin, AA Dentinger, PM Tien, NC AF Strong, Fabian W. Skinner, Jack L. Talin, A. Alec Dentinger, Paul M. Tien, Norman C. GP IEEE TI Electrical breakdown response for multiple-gap MEMS structures SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 44TH ANNUAL SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY MAR 26-30, 2006 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE electrical breakdown; MEMS microswitch; paschen curve ID MICROMETER SEPARATIONS; FIELD BREAKDOWN; AIR AB We characterize the electrical breakdown response for planar structures, fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) methods and materials, to enable design of high voltage microswitches. Electrode configurations that use multiple air gaps provide voltage division between electrodes and allow large voltage holdoff values in microswitch contact configurations with short actuation distances. The comparatively large benefits gained from very small air gaps (4 to 7 um) help to enable high holdoff values, particularly when multiple gaps in this range are added in series. The capacitive effect in multiple gaps can lower breakdown levels, tout sufficient electrode spacing reduces this effect. C1 [Strong, Fabian W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Strong, Fabian W.; Skinner, Jack L.; Talin, A. Alec; Dentinger, Paul M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Tien, Norman C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Strong, FW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM fwstrong@ucdavis.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia MESA Institute; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received December 5, 2005. This work was supported in part by Sandia National Laboratories. The Sandia MESA Institute provided funding assistance throughout the project. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 0-7803-9498-4 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2006 BP 421 EP + DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2006.251255 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BFB59 UT WOS:000240855800070 ER PT S AU Peng, SY Qureshi, MS Hasler, PE Hall, NA Degertekin, FL AF Peng, Sheng-Yu Qureshi, Muhammad S. Hasler, Paul E. Hall, Neal A. Degertekin, F. L. GP IEEE TI High SNR capacitive sensing transducer SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-11, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Kos, GREECE SP IEEE AB This paper describes a high signal-to-noise ratio capacitive sensing transducer with high power efficiency and high area efficiency. The circuit is an example of capacitive circuit and is based on a capacitive feedback charge amplifier. 78.6dB SNP. in audio hand is achieved with less than 0.5 mu W power consumption by making use of a floating-gate transistor. This design gives us the flexibility of controlling the charge on the floating node. The microphone sensor is interfaced with the amplifier to measure the performance of the transducer. C1 Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peng, SY (reprint author), Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sypeng@ece.gatech.edu; shakeel@ece.gatech.edu; phasler@ece.gatech.edu; nahall@sandia.gov; levent.degertekin@me.gatech.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-0-7803-9389-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2006 BP 1175 EP 1178 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFY13 UT WOS:000245413501163 ER PT S AU Schelkens, P Munteanu, A Tzannes, A Brislawn, C AF Schelkens, Peter Munteanu, Adrian Tzannes, Alexis Brislawn, Chris GP IEEE TI JPEG2000 Part 10 - Volumetric data encoding SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-11, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Kos, GREECE SP IEEE AB The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) committee (ISO/IEC JTCI/SC29/WGI) is currently pursuing the standardization of a three-dimensional extension of the JPEG-2000 standard (Parts 1 and 2) to support the encoding of volumetric data sets. This extension, Part 10 - Extensions for Three-Dimensional Data (MD), will support functionalities like resolution scalability, quality scalability and region-of-interest coding, while exploiting the entropy in the additional third dimension to improve the rate-distortion performance. In this paper, we give an overview of the markets and application areas targeted by JP3D, the imposed requirements and the algorithm under study. C1 [Schelkens, Peter; Munteanu, Adrian] Vrije Univ Brussel, IBBT, Dept Elect & Informat, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Tzannes, Alexis] Aware Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Brislawn, Chris] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Dept, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schelkens, P (reprint author), Vrije Univ Brussel, IBBT, Dept Elect & Informat, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. EM Peter.Schelkens@vub.ac.be RI Schelkens, Peter/B-7831-2008 OI Schelkens, Peter/0000-0003-0908-1655 FU IWT (GBOU Resume Project); DWTC (IAP Phase V - Mobile Multimedia); Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders [G.0021.03, G.0053.03] FX This work was supported in part by IWT (GBOU Resume Project), DWTC (IAP Phase V - Mobile Multimedia), and the Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders (post-doctoral fellowships A. Munteanu and P. Schelkens and projects G.0021.03 & G.0053.03). NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-0-7803-9389-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2006 BP 3874 EP + DI 10.1109/ISCAS.2006.1693474 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFY13 UT WOS:000245413504052 ER PT B AU Houle, B Gupta, V Buck, K Hess, HL Donohoe, G Normann, R AF Houle, Bijan Gupta, Vishu Buck, Kevin Hess, Herbert L. Donohoe, Gregory Normann, Randy BE Lavoie, M AlHaddad, K Lagace, PJ TI Design of a high-temperature, space efficient digital filter on an FPGA SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOLS 1-7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics CY JUL 09-13, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Ind Elect Soc, ABB Canada, Ecol Technol Superieure AB This paper outlines the design of a space-efficient digital filter for use in High-Temperature FPGA applications. It presents three different methods of implementing a Butterworth filter design using VHDL: Bit Serial, Shared Multiplier and Single Step. It outlines the main signals and states used in these designs. The bit-serial approach uses bit-serial arithmetic for the filter equation instead of combinational adders and multipliers. This filter design is the slowest in processing the data, and is not very efficient in terms of flip-flops or overall space usage. The Shared Multiplier design uses a single multiplier for each multiplication in the equation. The design is the smallest of the three. The Single Step design calculates the filter equation in one step using multiple adders and multipliers. This design uses the least number of flip-flops. The results obtained by implementing these designs on a FPGA are also presented. The Shared Multiplier and the Single Step approach are both efficient depending on the resource in demand on the FPGA. The Bit Serial approach is not useful for space efficient designs. C1 [Houle, Bijan; Gupta, Vishu; Buck, Kevin; Hess, Herbert L.; Donohoe, Gregory] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Normann, Randy] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Houle, B (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM houl6492@uidaho.edu; gupt2491@uidaho.edu; kmbuck@mrc.uidaho.edu; hhess@uidaho.edu; donohoe@ece.uidaho.edu; ranorma@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories FX The authors acknowledge Sandia National Laboratories for funding this project. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0496-4 PY 2006 BP 1533 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIE.2006.295699 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BFS70 UT WOS:000244382903003 ER PT B AU Stepanov, M Chertkov, M AF Stepanov, Mikhail Chertkov, Michael GP IEEE TI Instanton analysis of Low-Density Parity-Check codes in the error-floor regime SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY, VOLS 1-6, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Informat Theory Soc, USN, Dept Navy Sci & Technol, Microsoft Res, Natl Nat Sci Fdn AB In this paper we develop instanton method introduced in [1], [2], [3] to analyze quantitatively performance of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes decoded iteratively in the so-called error-floor regime. We discuss statistical properties of the numerical instanton-amoeba scheme focusing on detailed analysis and comparison of two regular LDPC codes: Tanner's [155, 64, 20] and Margulis' [672, 336, 16] codes. In the regime of moderate values of the signal-to-noise ratio we critically compare results of the instanton-amoeba evaluations against the standard Monte Carlo calculations of the Frame-Error-Rate. C1 [Stepanov, Mikhail; Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T13 & CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stepanov, Mikhail] Inst Automat & Elect, Novosibirsk, Russia. RP Stepanov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T13 & CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM stepanov@cnls.lanl.gov; chertkov@lanl.gov RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 FU DOE under LDRD program at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The authors are grateful to V. Chernyak, R. Koetter, O. Milenkovich, T. Richardson, and B. Vasic for inspiring and fruitful discussions. This work was supported by DOE under LDRD program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0505-3 PY 2006 BP 552 EP + DI 10.1109/ISIT.2006.261777 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BFX53 UT WOS:000245289701015 ER PT B AU Caryotakis, G AF Caryotakis, George GP IEEE TI University training of tube engineers, in the US and abroad SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Caryotakis, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,M-S 33 Menlo Pk, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM caryo@slac.stanford.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666162 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200005 ER PT B AU Burke, A Phillips, R Scheitrum, G AF Burke, A. Phillips, R. Scheitrum, G. GP IEEE TI W-band sheet beam klystron gun design using MICHELLE SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Burke, A.; Phillips, R.; Scheitrum, G.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Burke, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM alexb@slac.stanford.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program [FA-9550-04-1-0353]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00515]; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, FX This work was supported by both the Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program - grant#FA-9550-04-1-0353 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. Additional support by the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. to learn and operate the MICHELLE code and the ICEM- CFD meshing program is gratefully acknowledged. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 43 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666175 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200018 ER PT B AU Petillo, J DeFord, J Nelson, E Jensen, K Levush, B AF Petillo, J. DeFord, J. Nelson, E. Jensen, K. Levush, B. GP IEEE TI Application of the finite-element MICHELLE beam optics code to RF gun modeling SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE beam formation; beam optics; charge exchange; computer-aided design (CAD); electron gun; ion plasma; ion thrusters; MICHELLE; multistage depressed collector; multibeam gun; object-oriented design; Voyager ID ELECTRON-GUN AB RF guns and density modulated guns that encompass photocathodes and inductive output tube sources are difficult to model but continue to be at the forefront of solutions to many applications. Modeling these density-modulated beam sources requires a high degree of computational mesh resolution to resolve geometrical features, or simply fine spatial scale phenomena. This paper presents the application of the MICHELLE code to such devices. C1 [Petillo, J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, 20 Burlington Mall Rd, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [DeFord, J.] Simulat Technol & Appl Res Inc, Mequon, WI 53092 USA. [Nelson, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jensen, K.; Levush, B.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Petillo, J (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, 20 Burlington Mall Rd, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. EM petilloj@saic.com OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 83 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666195 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200038 ER PT B AU Godin, J Earley, LM Smirnova, EI Carlsten, BE AF Godin, J. Earley, L. M. Smirnova, E. I. Carlsten, B. E. GP IEEE TI Design, simulation and scale model cold test of a sever for the Los Alamos 94GHz TWT RF structure SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE TWT; oscillations; sever AB LANL has developed a new vane loaded waveguide RF structure for a sheet electron beam TWT. It is common for all high gain TWT amplifiers to require a circuit sever to prevent oscillations. We have developed a preliminary sever design in our vane loaded waveguide RF structure. A scale model of the RF structure was used at JOGHz to test several sever geometries. The structure and sever were simulated using HFSS. C1 [Godin, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Godin, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Scholar under the DHS Scholarship FX This research was performed while Jessica Godin was on appointment as a U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Scholar under the DHS Scholarship and Fellowship Program. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 141 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666224 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200067 ER PT B AU Russell, SJ Bishofberger, KA Brown, RW Carlsten, BE Earley, LM Haynes, WB Kirbie, HC Krawczyk, FL Romero, FP Sigler, FE Smirnova, EI Wheat, RM Wang, ZF Humphries, S Ferguson, P AF Russell, S. J. Bishofberger, K. A. Brown, R. W. Carlsten, B. E. Earley, L. M. Haynes, W. B. Kirbie, H. C. Krawczyk, F. L. Romero, F. P. Sigler, F. E. Smirnova, E. I. Wheat, R. M., Jr. Wang, Z. -F. Humphries, S., Jr. Ferguson, P. GP IEEE TI Sheet beam development for mm-wave microwave tubes at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Currently ongoing at Los Alamos National Laboratory is a program to develop high-power, planar 100 - 300 GHz traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). The promise ofplanar TWT technology is: 1) the radio-frequency (RF) structures lend themselves well to established microfabrication techniques; and 2) by spreading the electron beam in one dimension, we effectively eliminate the beam selfforce and can transport a high net beam current, resulting in very high-power devices. An enabling technolo for this effort is a sheet electron beam source. C1 [Russell, S. J.; Bishofberger, K. A.; Brown, R. W.; Carlsten, B. E.; Earley, L. M.; Haynes, W. B.; Kirbie, H. C.; Krawczyk, F. L.; Romero, F. P.; Sigler, F. E.; Smirnova, E. I.; Wheat, R. M., Jr.; Wang, Z. -F.; Humphries, S., Jr.; Ferguson, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Russell, SJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 143 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666225 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200068 ER PT B AU Read, M Ferguson, P Ives, L Song, LQ Carlsten, B Fazio, M AF Read, Michael Ferguson, Patrick Ives, Lawrence Song, Liqun Carlsten, Bruce Fazio, Michael GP IEEE TI Design of a 200 MW L-band annular beam klystron SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE klystron; accelerator AB A design for a 200 MW L band klystron is described. An annular beam is used to minimize the space charge depression of the beam. An efficiency of 40% is predicted by the large signal code KLSC. The modeling of the electron gun and RF structure are discussed. C1 [Read, Michael; Ferguson, Patrick; Ives, Lawrence; Song, Liqun] Calabazas Creek Res Inc, 2381 Middle Rd, Plainfield, VT 05667 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Read, M (reprint author), Calabazas Creek Res Inc, 2381 Middle Rd, Plainfield, VT 05667 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy under SBIR [DE-FG02-05ER84350] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under SBIR contract #DE-FG02-05ER84350. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 217 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666262 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200105 ER PT B AU Bunch, KJ Roesler, A Friedman, T Walker, C Wroblewski, B Hodges, VC Baginski, T AF Bunch, K. J. Roesler, A. Friedman, T. Walker, C. Wroblewski, B. Hodges, V. C. Baginski, T. GP IEEE TI Investigation into carbon-trigger vacuum switches for high-voltage, high-current switch applications SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE triggered vacuum switches; plasma discharge devices; TVS AB We present results of research into the operation of triggered vacuum switches. These switches find use in applications requiring high standoff voltages as well as high discharge currents. C1 [Bunch, K. J.; Roesler, A.; Friedman, T.; Walker, C.; Wroblewski, B.; Hodges, V. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Baginski, T.] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Bunch, KJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 377 EP 377 DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666340 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200183 ER PT B AU Earley, LM Krawczyk, FL Smirnova, EI Carlsten, BE Wang, ZF Haynes, WB Russell, SJ AF Earley, L. M. Krawczyk, F. L. Smirnova, E. I. Carlsten, B. E. Wang, Z. F. Haynes, W. B. Russell, S. J. GP IEEE TI Simulation and measurement of the Los Alamos 94GHz TWT RF structure SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE TWT; millimeter-wave; sheet beam AB LANL has developed a new vane loaded waveguide RF structure for a sheet beam TWT. The goal was to create a new class of wideband RF structures that allow simple mechanical fabrication and have geometry suitable for interaction with sheet electron beams. LANL has developed an RF structure using planar geometry for simple EDM machining at 94GHz Structure gain was demonstrated with a 2A pencil beam. C1 [Earley, L. M.; Krawczyk, F. L.; Smirnova, E. I.; Carlsten, B. E.; Wang, Z. F.; Haynes, W. B.; Russell, S. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Earley, LM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 449 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666376 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200219 ER PT B AU Smirnova, EI Carlsten, BE Earley, LM AF Smirnova, E. I. Carlsten, B. E. Earley, L. M. GP IEEE TI Design and initial testing of omniguide traveling-wave tube structures. SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE photonic band gap structures; travelling-wave tubes; millimeter-wave AB We propose to use the photonic band gap (PBG) structures for the construction of a traveling-wave tube (TWT) at W-band. The development of wide-band mmwave TK/T amplifiers is underway at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A TINT would present a wide bandwidth source for remote mm-wave spectroscopy. PBG TWT structures have great potential for very large bandwidth and linear dispersion. In addition, being cheap to fabricate, the PBG structures enhance the commercial transferability of the W-band TWT technology. C1 [Smirnova, E. I.; Carlsten, B. E.; Earley, L. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H851,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smirnova, EI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H851,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 455 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666379 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200222 ER PT B AU Scheitrum, G Caryotakis, G Burke, A Jensen, A Jongewaard, E Neubauer, M Phillips, R Steele, R AF Scheitrum, G. Caryotakis, G. Burke, A. Jensen, A. Jongewaard, E. Neubauer, M. Phillips, R. Steele, R. GP IEEE TI W-band sheet beam klystron research at SLAC SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Scheitrum, G.; Caryotakis, G.; Burke, A.; Jensen, A.; Jongewaard, E.; Neubauer, M.; Phillips, R.; Steele, R.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Scheitrum, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM glenn@slac.stanford.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program [FA9550-04-1-0353]; Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00515] FX Funding for this effort was provided by both the Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program - grant# FA9550-04-1-0353 and by Department of Energy contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 481 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666392 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200235 ER PT B AU Burke, A Besong, V Granlund, K Jensen, AJ Jongewaard, E Phillips, R Rauenbuehler, K Scheitrum, G Steele, R AF Burke, A. Besong, V. Granlund, K. Jensen, A. J. Jongewaard, E. Phillips, R. Rauenbuehler, K. Scheitrum, G. Steele, R. GP IEEE TI W-band sheet beam klystron PCM focusing design SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Burke, A.; Besong, V.; Granlund, K.; Jensen, A. J.; Jongewaard, E.; Phillips, R.; Rauenbuehler, K.; Scheitrum, G.; Steele, R.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Burke, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM alexb@slac.stanford.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program [FA-9550-04- 1-0353]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00515]; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program - grant# FA-9550-04- 1-0353 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF00515. Additional support by the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. to learn and operate the MICHELLE code and the ICEM- CFD meshing program is gratefully acknowledged. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 485 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666394 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200237 ER PT B AU Jensen, AJ Caryotakis, G Scheitrum, G Sprehn, D Steele, B AF Jensen, A. J. Caryotakis, G. Scheitrum, G. Sprehn, D. Steele, B. GP IEEE TI Sheet beam klystron simulations using AJDISK SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Jensen, A. J.; Caryotakis, G.; Scheitrum, G.; Sprehn, D.; Steele, B.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Jensen, AJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aaron@slac.stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00515]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program [FA-9550-04-1-0353] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC03-76SF00515 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program under grant FA-9550-04-1-0353. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 489 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666396 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200239 ER PT B AU Nelson, EM Petillo, JJ Jensen, K AF Nelson, Eric M. Petillo, John J. Jensen, Kevin GP IEEE TI New and improved emission models in the finite-element gun code MICHELLE SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE gun code; beam optics code; space-charge-limited; emission; photoemission ID ELECTRON-GUN AB We continue to research and develop better emission models for gun codes. We describe our recent efforts to improve the thermal aspects of space-chargelimited emission, the transition from temperature-limited emission to space-charge-limited emission, and photoemission. C1 [Nelson, Eric M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Petillo, John J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. [Jensen, Kevin] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Nelson, EM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Jensen, Kevin/0000-0001-8644-1680 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 501 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666402 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200245 ER PT B AU Larsen, PB Earley, LM Carlsten, BE Wheat, RM Booske, JH AF Larsen, P. B. Earley, L. M. Carlsten, B. E. Wheat, R. M. Booske, J. H. GP IEEE TI Secure chaos communications using driven traveling wave tube amplifiers with delayed feedback SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE chaos : TWT; secure communications AB A new method of RF communications with inherent security has been demonstrated at Los Alamos using chaos masking. In the past several years many papers have described this secure chaos concept theoretically but LANL has the first operating prototype communications system. This chaos communications method is similar to spread spectrum techniques. The chaos masking of a transmitted signal is created by operating a non-linear amplifier (TWT) in saturation with controlled feedback. The system receiver uses an identical TWT that de-codes the chaos masking similar to the correlation methods of a spread spectrum receiver. C1 [Larsen, P. B.; Earley, L. M.; Carlsten, B. E.; Wheat, R. M.; Booske, J. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Larsen, PB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 521 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666412 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200255 ER PT B AU Hoff, BW Gilgenbach, RM Lau, YY Jordan, NM White, W Cruz, E Jones, MC Neculaes, V Spencer, TA Price, D AF Hoff, B. W. Gilgenbach, R. M. Lau, Y. Y. Jordan, N. M. White, W. Cruz, E. Jones, M. C. Neculaes, Va Spencer, T. A. Price, D. GP IEEE TI Magnetic priming experiments on a relativistic magnetron SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE HELD JOINTLY WITH 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)/6th IEEE International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC) CY APR 25-27, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Gilgenbach, R. M.] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jones, M. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Neculaes, Va] GE Res, Niskayuna, NY USA. [Hoff, B. W.; Gilgenbach, R. M.; Lau, Y. Y.; Jordan, N. M.; White, W.; Cruz, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Spencer, T. A.] L3 Commun Titan Div, San Leandro, CA USA. RP Gilgenbach, RM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rongilg@umich.edu FU AFOSR; AFRL; AFOSR-MURI FX This research was supported by AFOSR, AFRL and the AFOSR-MURI Program on Nanophysics of Electron Emission and Breakdown for High Power Microwaves. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0108-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2006 BP 557 EP + DI 10.1109/IVELEC.2006.1666430 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEW82 UT WOS:000239893200273 ER PT B AU Fodor, IK Holtz-Morris, AE McCutchen-Maloney, SL AF Fodor, I. K. Holtz-Morris, A. E. McCutchen-Maloney, S. L. GP IEEE TI Improving current microbial pathway models by statistical modeling of phenotype array experiments SO 2006 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GENOMIC SIGNAL PROCESSING AND STATISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics CY MAY 28-30, 2006 CL College Stn, TX SP IEEE ID YERSINIA-PESTIS AB Hundreds of bacterial genomes have been sequenced, but only a fraction of the genes have known biochemical function. Advances in cellular phenotyping promise to narrow the gap and improve current annotations. Phenotype MicroArrays (PMs) simultaneously measure the response of an organism against thousands of conditions, and thus provide a high-throughput means to characterize microbial phenotypes and metabolism. The PM technology is completely automated, but current analysis methods involve time consuming visual inspection of the data, and thus present a bottleneck. We propose rigorous statistical methods to automatically assess the results of PM experiments, and to incorporate the functional information gained from PMs with existing knowledge from complementary genomic and proteomic platforms. The impact will be an improved data mining of high-throughput phenotype experiments, as well as an unprecedented ability to characterize microbes and improve current microbial pathway models. C1 [Fodor, I. K.; Holtz-Morris, A. E.; McCutchen-Maloney, S. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Biosci Directorate, Computat Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fodor, IK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Biosci Directorate, Computat Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0384-4 PY 2006 BP 37 EP + DI 10.1109/GENSIPS.2006.353144 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BGN05 UT WOS:000248551800019 ER PT S AU Williams, BS Kumar, S Qin, Q Hu, Q Reno, JL AF Williams, Benjamin S. Kumar, Sushil Qin, Qi Hu, Qing Reno, John L. GP IEEE TI High-temperature and high-power terahertz quantum cascade lasers SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID OPERATION AB We report the demonstration of terahertz QCLs based on a two-phonon depopulation scheme, intended to improve the high-temperature performance, and also the demonstration of QCLs emitting 250 mW in pulsed mode at 4.3 THz. C1 [Williams, Benjamin S.; Kumar, Sushil; Qin, Qi; Hu, Qing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1123, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, BS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Qin, Qi/G-9373-2013 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 128 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.278907 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900065 ER PT S AU Reed, EJ Soljacic, M Gee, R Joannopoulos, JD AF Reed, Evan J. Soljacic, Marin Gee, Richard Joannopoulos, J. D. GP IEEE TI Prediction of coherent optical photons from shock waves in crystals SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID POLARIZATION C1 [Reed, Evan J.; Soljacic, Marin; Joannopoulos, J. D.] MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reed, Evan J.; Gee, Richard] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reed, EJ (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU Materials Research Science and Engineering Center; National Science Foundation [DMR-9400334]; U.S. Department of Energy; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We thank E. Ippen, F. Kaertner, K. Nelson of MIT, J. Glownia, A. Taylor, and R. Averitt of LANL, L. Fried, D. Hicks, and N. Holmes of LLNL, and W. Nellis of Harvard University for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program of the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-9400334. This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 474 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.279221 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900239 ER PT S AU Averitt, RD Chen, HT Taylor, AJ Highstrete, C Lee, M Padilla, WJ AF Averitt, R. D. Chen, H. -T. Taylor, A. J. Highstrete, C. Lee, Mark Padilla, W. J. GP IEEE TI Dynamical metamaterials at terahertz frequencies SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID REFRACTION AB Utilizing terahertz time domain spectroscopy, we characterized the electromagnetic response of planar Split Ring Resonators fabricated on GaAs. Optical excitation is sufficient to turn off the electric resonance demonstrating the potential of SRR terahertz switches. Other aspects of active control of metarnaterials will also be discussed. C1 [Averitt, R. D.; Chen, H. -T.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Highstrete, C.; Lee, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Padilla, W. J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Averitt, RD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 480 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.279224 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900242 ER PT S AU Schroeder, CB Toth, C Nagler, B Gonsalves, AJ Nakamura, K Geddes, CGR Esarey, E Hooker, SM Leemans, WP AF Schroeder, C. B. Toth, Cs. Nagler, B. Gonsalves, A. J. Nakamura, K. Geddes, C. G. R. Esarey, E. Hooker, S. M. Leemans, W. P. GP IEEE TI GeV electron beams from a laser-plasma accelerator SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID RADIATION AB High-quality electron beams with up to 1 GeV energy have been generated by a laser-driven plasma-based accelerator by guiding a 40 TW peak power laser pulse in a 3.3 cm long gas-filled capillary discharge waveguide [1]. C1 [Schroeder, C. B.; Toth, Cs.; Nagler, B.; Nakamura, K.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gonsalves, A. J.; Hooker, S. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Calrendon Lsb, Oxford, England. RP Schroeder, CB (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hooker, Simon/D-1402-2015 OI Hooker, Simon/0000-0002-1243-520X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 538 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.278757 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900271 ER PT S AU Chou, J Bennett, CV Boyraz, O Jalali, B AF Chou, Jason Bennett, Corey V. Boyraz, Ozdal Jalali, Bahrain GP IEEE TI Triggerable continuum source for single-shot ultra-fast applications SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc AB We demonstrate a triggerable continuum source based on a modulated DFB laser. Such a source elintinates the need to synchronize a mode-locked-laser with an incoming signal in applications such as spectroscopy and wideband signal processing. C1 [Chou, Jason; Jalali, Bahrain] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Bennett, Corey V.; Boyraz, Ozdal] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chou, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 806 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.279032 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900406 ER PT S AU Menoni, CS Vaschenko, G Brizuela, F Brewer, C Wang, Y Larotonda, MA Luther, BM Marconi, MC Rocca, JJ Chao, W Liddle, JA Liu, Y Anderson, EH Attwood, AT Vinogradov, AV Artioukov, IA AF Menoni, C. S. Vaschenko, G. Brizuela, F. Brewer, C. Wang, Y. Larotonda, M. A. Luther, B. M. Marconi, M. C. Rocca, J. J. Chao, W. Liddle, J. A. Liu, Y. Anderson, E. H. Attwood, And'D. T. Vinogradov, A. V. Artioukov, I. A. GP IEEE TI Nanometer-scale resolution microscopy with compact extreme ultraviolet lasers SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID NM C1 [Menoni, C. S.; Vaschenko, G.; Brizuela, F.; Brewer, C.; Wang, Y.; Larotonda, M. A.; Luther, B. M.; Marconi, M. C.; Rocca, J. J.] Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chao, W.; Liddle, J. A.; Liu, Y.; Anderson, E. H.; Attwood, And'D. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chao, W.; Liddle, J. A.; Liu, Y.; Anderson, E. H.; Attwood, And'D. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vinogradov, A. V.; Artioukov, I. A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. Natl Tech Univ KhPI, Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Menoni, CS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM carmen@engr.colostate.edu RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; Artyukov, Igor/B-3105-2009 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Artyukov, Igor/0000-0001-7915-697X FU Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF [EEC -0310717] FX Work supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number EEC -0310717. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 895 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.279114 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900452 ER PT S AU Menoni, CS Vaschenko, G Bravo, H Brizuela, F Rocca, JJ Chao, W Anderson, EH Attwood, DT Hemberg, O Frazer, B Bloom, S AF Menoni, C. S. Vaschenko, G. Bravo, H. Brizuela, F. Rocca, J. J. Chao, W. Anderson, E. H. Attwood, D. T. Hemberg, O. Frazer, B. Bloom, S. GP IEEE TI Nano-scale ablation with a compact extreme ultraviolet laser SO 2006 IEEE LEOS ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID X-RAY LASER C1 [Menoni, C. S.; Vaschenko, G.; Bravo, H.; Brizuela, F.; Rocca, J. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chao, W.; Anderson, E. H.; Attwood, D. T.; Hemberg, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hemberg, O.; Frazer, B.; Bloom, S.] JMAR Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. RP Menoni, CS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, NSF ERC Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM carmen@engr.colostate.edu RI Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011 FU Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF [EEC-0310717]; JMAR Technologies Inc FX Work supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number EEC-0310717 and by JMAR Technologies Inc. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 978-0-7803-9555-8 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2006 BP 953 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOS.2006.279183 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGD41 UT WOS:000246167900481 ER PT B AU Tawfik, H Rubenstein, CP Blackman, N Mahajan, D AF Tawfik, Hazem Rubenstein, Charles P. Blackman, Noel Mahajan, Davinder GP IEEE TI Economic analysis of renewable energy systems SO 2006 IEEE LONG ISLAND SYSTEMS, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference CY MAY 05, 2006 CL Farmingdale, NY SP IEEE AB As the price of oil and natural gas continues to increase, reaching levels that threaten our local and national economy, the need to seek alternative sources of energy has become necessary to reduce our dependence on foreign oil and enhance homeland security. The USA has an abundance of renewable energies such as solar, wind, hydro and bio-fuels that need to be explored for generating hydrogen as an energy carrier. Engineering and Technology graduates must be well educated and highly trained with use and applications of the alternative energy systems. Accordingly, students should be instructed on the state of the art technology and modem systems in this area of increasing national interest. Renewable Energy sources will reduce our national dependence on foreign oil and enhance our homeland security because of their environmental and economical merits. C1 [Tawfik, Hazem; Rubenstein, Charles P.] Farmingdale SUNY, IRTT, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. [Rubenstein, Charles P.] Pratt Inst, Sch Informat & Lib Sci, New York, NY USA. [Blackman, Noel; Mahajan, Davinder] Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY USA. RP Tawfik, H (reprint author), Farmingdale SUNY, IRTT, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0299-1 PY 2006 BP 91 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHB97 UT WOS:000252137500019 ER PT B AU Westwater, ER Cimini, D Mattioli, V Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Leuski, V Liljegren, JS AF Westwater, E. R. Cimini, D. Mattioli, V. Gasiewski, A. J. Klein, M. Leuski, V. Liljegren, J. S. GP IEEE TI The 2004 north slope of Alaska Arctic winter radiometric experiment: Overview and highlights SO 2006 IEEE MICRORAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE atmospheric measurements; microwave radiometry; remote sensing; radiosondes AB An Intensive Operating Period (IOP) was conducted at the U. S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's field site near Barrow, Alaska, during March 9 to April 9 1004. During this IOP, radiometers were deployed over a broad frequency range (22.235 to 380 GHz), including several channels near the strong water vapor absorption line at 183.31 GHz These radiometers were supplemented by 4-times-a-day observations by Vaisala RS90 radiosondes at the ARM Duplex in Barrow,8 dual-radiosonde launches with "Snow White" Chilled Mirror radiosondes at the same location, once daily Vaisala RS90radiosondes launched at the ARM primary field site, and twice-daily synoptic launches by the US National Weather Service. Radiometers deployed included the Ground-based Scanning Radiometer of NOAA (several frequencies from 50 to 380 GHz), the Microwave Radiometer and the Radiometric Profiler of ARM (frequencies from 12.235 to 60 GHz), and a Global Positioning System operated by NOAA. In addition, all of the ARM active cloud sensors were operated Selected results from this experiment are presented, including observed radiometric sensitivities to Precipitable Water Vapor and Liquid Water Path, radiosonde comparisons between radiosondes types and to MW measurements, and a preliminary comparison of forward models with GSR data. C1 [Westwater, E. R.; Cimini, D.; Klein, M.; Leuski, V.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mattioli, V.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Ingn Elect Informaz, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. [Gasiewski, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liljegren, J. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, DOE, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Westwater, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013 OI Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9417-9 PY 2006 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677066 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFW80 UT WOS:000245203200015 ER PT B AU Liljegren, JC Cadeddu, MP Pazmany, A AF Liljegren, James C. Cadeddu, Maria P. Pazmany, Andrew GP IEEE TI Retrievals of atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles in the Arctic SO 2006 IEEE MICRORAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE AB We show that by incorporating brightness temperature measurements at off-zenith angles, the accuracy of linear statistical retrievals of temperature and water vapor density profiles can be improved. This improvement is limited to clear sky cases where measurements at all angles represent the same atmospheric conditions. We present contribution functions and error amplification factors to show how the off-zenith measurements affect the retrieval performance. We also show that by combining brightness temperature measurements near the 22.235-GHz water vapor line with measurements near the 183.31-GHz line into a physical retrieval, the accuracy of the retrieved water vapor density profile, for very low water vapor conditions can be significantly improved. C1 [Liljegren, James C.; Cadeddu, Maria P.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pazmany, Andrew] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Liljegren, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jcliljegren@anl.gov FU Climate Change Research Divison; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Biological and Environment Reseach [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported by the Climate Change Research Divison, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environment Reseach, under contract W-31-109-Eng-38, as part of the Atmospheric Measurement Program Angome National Laboratory is operated by The Univercity of Chicago for the U.S.Depatment of Energy. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9417-9 PY 2006 BP 241 EP + DI 10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677096 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFW80 UT WOS:000245203200045 ER PT B AU Cimini, D Westwater, ER Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Leuski, V Mattioli, V Dowlatshahi, S Lijegren, J AF Cimini, Domenico Westwater, Ed R. Gasiewski, Al J. Klein, Marian Leuski, Vladimir Mattioli, Vinia Dowlatshahi, Sally Lijegren, Jim GP IEEE TI Ground-based millimeter- and submillimiter-wave observations of the Arctic atmosphere SO 2006 IEEE MICRORAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE DE atmospheric measurements; microwave radiometry; remote sensing AB Ground-based millimeter(mm)- and submillimeter (submm)-wave observations were collected during the Arctic winter by a new 25-channel scanning radiometer. Theoretical analysis and observations are shown to demonstrate the enhanced sensitivity of mm- and submit-wave radiometers with respect to conventional instruments, such microwave radiometers and global positioning system, to small changes in water vapor and liquid at low contents. A quantitative analysis of mm- and submm-wavelength sensitivity was carried out, yielding factors from 1.5 to 69 (3 to 4) for integrated water vapor (liquid water) content when compared to 20-30 GHz radiometers. A weighting function analysis illustrates the capability to retrieve atmospheric temperature, humidity, and liquid path from Ground-based Scanning Radiometer (GSR) observations in the extreme conditions of the Arctic winter. Finally, we show preliminary results for the retrievals, and we discuss the path of the future research. C1 [Cimini, Domenico; Westwater, Ed R.; Klein, Marian; Leuski, Vladimir] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cimini, Domenico] CNR, Inst Methodol Environm Anal, Rome, Italy. [Gasiewski, Al J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mattioli, Vinia] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Ingn Elettron Informaz, Perugia, Italy. [Dowlatshahi, Sally] Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA USA. [Lijegren, Jim] DOE, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Cimini, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM domenico.cimini@noaa.gov RI Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013 OI Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9417-9 PY 2006 BP 247 EP + DI 10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677097 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFW80 UT WOS:000245203200046 ER PT B AU Cadeddu, MP Liljegren, JC Pazmany, A AF Cadeddu, M. P. Liljegren, J. C. Pazmany, A. GP IEEE TI Measurements and retrievals from a new 183-GHz water vapor radiometer in the Arctic SO 2006 IEEE MICRORAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE AB A new G-band (183.31-GHz) vapor radiometer (GVR) developed and built by Prosensing Inc. (http://www.prosensing.com), was deployed in Barrow, Alaska, in April 2005. The radiometer is part of a suite of instruments maintained by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. The instrument measures brightness temperatures from four double sideband channels centered at +/- 1, +/- 3, +/- 7, and +/- 14 GHz from the 183.31-GHz water vapor line. Atmospheric emission in this spectral region is primarily due to water vapor, with some influence from liquid water. The GVR will remain in Barrow through the winter and will collect data for several months in a dry and cold environment, when its sensitivity is best. In this paper, data collected in November 2005, December 2005, and January 2006 are shown. Measurements are compared with simulations obtained using a radiative transfer model. We show that the measurements agree well with model simulations. Biases and standard deviations of the measurement-model differences are smaller than those reported in previous comparisons. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) and liquid water path (LWP) are retrieved with a non-linear physical algorithm and results are compared with those from the co-located dual-channel microwave radiometer (MWR) and radiosondes. C1 [Cadeddu, M. P.; Liljegren, J. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Informat & Decis Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pazmany, A.] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Cadeddu, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Informat & Decis Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mcadeddu@anl.gov FU Climate Change Research Division, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX Manuscript received May 24, 2006; revised August 30, 2006. This work was supported by the Climate Change Research Division, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38, as part of the ARM Program. The Argonne National Laboratory is managed by the University of Chicago for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9417-9 PY 2006 BP 252 EP + DI 10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677098 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFW80 UT WOS:000245203200047 ER PT B AU Cadeddu, MP Cady-Pereira, K Clough, S Liljegren, J AF Cadeddu, M. P. Cady-Pereira, K. Clough, S. Liljegren, J. GP IEEE TI Improving the modeling of oxygen-band absorption: A model-measurement comparison SO 2006 IEEE MICRORAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad 2006) CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2006 CL San Juan, PR SP IEEE ID PARAMETERS; LINE AB The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program maintains a suite of instruments in various locations to provide continuous monitoring of atmospheric parameters. Temperature and humidity retrievals are some of the key parameters used by the climate modeling community. Accuracy in the spectroscopy adopted by the various radiative transfer models is crucial to adequate retrievals. While accuracy in the lines used for water vapor retrievals is satisfactory, temperature retrievals continue to be affected by discrepancies between modeled and observed brightness temperatures. In this paper, we compare model calculations in the oxygen-band channels with measurements collected by the ARM-operated 12-channel microwave radiometer (MWRP). The dataset us ed spans a wide range of atmospheric temperature conditions, with ground temperatures varying between -40 degrees C and +40 degrees C. Model calculations are performed using line parameters from the HTTRAN database, from the MPM92-Rosenkranz database and from a set of newly published parameters. Our comparison shows that the newly published parameters improve the agreement with the measurements and confirms the need to update the HITRAN database for the oxygen lines. We show that differences between modeled and measured brightness temperatures are temperature dependent. To test the effect of the new line parameters on retrievals, we retrieve temperature profiles using the original HTTRAN parameters and the updated parameters. We then compare results with ARM statistical retrievals. C1 [Cadeddu, M. P.; Liljegren, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Informat & Decis Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cady-Pereira, K.; Clough, S.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. RP Cadeddu, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Informat & Decis Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mcadeddu@anl.gov FU Climate Change Research Divison, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environment Research [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported by the Climate Change Research Divison, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environment Research, under contract W-31-109-Eng-38,as part of the ARM Program Argome Natoinal Laboratory is operated by the University of Chicago for the U.S.Department of Energy NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9417-9 PY 2006 BP 259 EP + DI 10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677100 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BFW80 UT WOS:000245203200049 ER PT S AU Britton, JL Bunch, SC Britton, CL Blalock, BJ McGregor, DS Crow, L AF Britton, J. L. Bunch, S. C. Britton, C. L., Jr. Blalock, B. J. McGregor, D. S. Crow, L. GP IEEE TI PATARA: Solid-State Neutron Detector Readout Electronics with Pole-Zero and Complex Shaping and Gated Baseline Restorer for the SNS SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID CURRENT-MODE; FILTER AB A prototype neutron detector array has been developed for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The High Efficiency Neutron Detector Array (HENDA) will be the highest spatial resolution neutron detecting linear array available anywhere. The front-end electronics have been developed on a prototype chip, Patara, from a TSMC 0.35-micron fabrication. The Patara chip is a 16-channel preamp/shaper/blr for high-efficiency solid-state neutron detectors. It features a regulated cascode preamplifier with adjustable gain, digitally adjustable leakage current compensation and active feedback reset network with matching pole/zero cancellation network, and an input pulse polarity adjustment. The shaper has a five-pole semi-Gaussian response utilizing two pairs of current-input complex-conjugate poles with gated baseline restoration. The system dissipates 3.7 mW/channel. Measurements indicate an overall gain of 9.7 mV/fC and 5.65 mV/fC for full-and half-gain settings, 270 nanosecond full-width half-maximum (FWHM) output, and 550 RMS electrons input noise for a 5 pF detector capacitance. C1 [Britton, J. L.] Texas Instruments Inc, Knoxville, TN 37909 USA. [Britton, J. L.; Bunch, S. C.; Blalock, B. J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Britton, C. L., Jr.; Crow, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McGregor, D. S.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Britton, JL (reprint author), Texas Instruments Inc, Knoxville, TN 37909 USA. EM britton@ece.utk.edu; scbunch@gmail.com; brittoncl@ornl.gov; bblalock@ece.utk.edu; mcgregor@ksu.edu; crowmljr@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation FX We would like to thank the National Science Foundation for funding this work. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356102 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600005 ER PT S AU Chen, W Carini, G Keister, J Li, Z Rehak, P AF Chen, W. Carini, G. Keister, J. Li, Z. Rehak, P. GP IEEE TI Development of Thin-Junction Detector SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID EXCIMER-LASER; SILICON; IMPLANTATION AB Two methods to produce a thin-junction sensor covered by a layer of aluminum to substantially attenuate incident visible light are reported here. The first method is a regular boron implant (10's of keV) through a thin oxide layer to form a junction. The aluminum layer was coated in the same vacuum system after back-sputtering to remove oxide on top of the implanted silicon substrate. The second method is a low energy boron implant into the bare silicon followed by laser annealing to activate low energy (2 keV) boron implantation with minimal diffusion to retain the ultra thin-junction. The aluminum layer was again coated in the same vacuum system after back-sputtering to remove native oxide on top of the implanted silicon. This method may have the following advantages: 1) it may improves soft X-ray radiation hardness of the device due to lack of oxide layer on the junction; 2) it satisfies the requirement to absorb the visible light; and 3) it allows detection of low energy X-ray down to 300 eV. Investigation of laser annealing method was done in comparison with control wafers which were either implanted by boron with the same energy as that of laser annealed wafers but annealed using high temperature thermal annealing, or implanted by boron with higher energy (45 keV, our standard boron implantation energy) and annealed using regular thermal annealing. C1 [Chen, W.; Carini, G.; Keister, J.; Li, Z.; Rehak, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM weichen@bnl.gov; carini@bnl.gov; jkeister@bnl.gov; zhengl@bnl.gov; rehak@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600009 ER PT S AU Pfund, DM Runkle, RC Anderson, KK Jarman, KD AF Pfund, David M. Runkle (M), Robert C. Anderson, Kevin K. Jarman, Kenneth D. GP IEEE TI Examination of Count-starved Gamma Spectra Using the Method of Spectral Comparison Ratios SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE gamma-ray spectral analysis; gamma-ray spectroscopy; radiation monitoring; anomaly detection AB We discuss the determination of energy bin boundaries and decision metrics for gamma-ray spectra, acquired using a mid-resolution detector, that are useful in the detection of illicit sources at low total counts. The bins are designed to produce the lowest minimum detectable counts (MDC) using a spectral comparison ratio technique at a given false positive rate, for a specified population of benign-source spectra. Spectra from the benign source population consist of observations taken by a detector on a moving vehicle, as would be obtained during a search for a missing or hidden source. Raw counts in bins are transformed into a vector of background-corrected count differences. Bin boundaries are determined to yield large values of a standardized length of this vector for benign-plus-benchmark sources by the application of an optimization technique. The objective function includes penalties for overlap with the spectral features of naturally occurring radioactive materials. We compare estimated MDC values for such bins applied to depleted uranium and barium-133 sources with those based on gross counting, and we examine the effect of nuisance potassium-, radium- and thorium-dominated sources. We demonstrate that, using this methodology, energy bins may be designed for sensitivity to special nuclear materials, improving the likelihood of detection in low-count or masked-source searches. C1 [Pfund, David M.; Runkle (M), Robert C.; Anderson, Kevin K.; Jarman, Kenneth D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Runkle, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.runkle@pnl.gov RI Jarman, Kenneth/B-6157-2011 OI Jarman, Kenneth/0000-0002-4396-9212 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356110 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600013 ER PT S AU Vanier, PE Forman, L Salwen, C Dioszegi, I AF Vanier, Peter E. Forman, Leon Salwen, Cynthia Dioszegi, Istvan GP IEEE TI Design of a Large-Area Fast Neutron Directional Detector SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID SPECTROMETER AB A large-area fast-neutron double-scatter directional detector and spectrometer is being constructed using 1-meter-long plastic scintillator paddles with photomultiplier tubes at both ends. The scintillators detect fast neutrons by proton recoil and also gamma rays by Compton scattering. The paddles are arranged in two parallel planes so that neutrons can be distinguished from muons and gamma rays by time of flight between the planes. The signal pulses are digitized with a time resolution of one gigasample per second. The location of an event along each paddle can be determined from the relative amplitudes or timing of the signals at the ends. The angle of deflection of a neutron in the first plane can be estimated from the energy deposited by the recoil proton, combined with the scattered neutron time-of-flight energy. Each scattering angle can be back-projected as a cone, and many intersecting cones define the incident neutron direction from a distant point source. Moreover, the total energy of each neutron can be obtained, allowing some regions of a fission source spectrum to be distinguished from background generated by cosmic rays. Monte Carlo calculations have been compared with measurements. C1 [Vanier, Peter E.; Forman, Leon; Salwen, Cynthia; Dioszegi, Istvan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vanier, PE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vanier@bnl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356114 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600017 ER PT S AU Dawson, K Bebek, C Emes, J Holland, S Jelinsky, S Karcher, A Kolbe, W Palaio, N Roe, N Takasaki, K Wang, G AF Dawson, Kyle Bebek, Chris Emes, John Holland, Steve Jelinsky, Sharon Karcher, Armin Kolbe, William Palaio, Nick Roe, Natalie Takasaki, Koki Wang, Guobin GP IEEE TI Radiation Tolerance of High-Resistivity LBNL CCDs SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Astrophysics and Space Instrumentation; Radiation Damage Effects ID QUANTUM EFFICIENCY CHARACTERIZATION AB Thick, fully-depleted p-channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). These CCDs have several advantages over conventional n-channel CCDs, including enhanced quantum efficiency and reduced fringing at near-infrared wavelengths, a small point spread function, and improved radiation tolerance. Here we report results from the irradiation of CCDs with 12.5 and 55 MeV protons at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron. These studies indicate that the CCDs still perform well after irradiation, even in the parameters in which significant degradation is expected: charge transfer efficiency, dark current, and isolated hot pixels. As expected, the radiation tolerance of the LBNL CCDs is significantly improved over conventional n-channel CCDs currently employed in space-based telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). C1 [Dawson, Kyle; Bebek, Chris; Emes, John; Holland, Steve; Jelinsky, Sharon; Karcher, Armin; Kolbe, William; Palaio, Nick; Roe, Natalie; Takasaki, Koki; Wang, Guobin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dawson, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kdawson@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 152 EP 157 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600031 ER PT S AU Para, A Saoulidou, N Wenzel, H Yu, SS Zhao, T AF Para, Adam Saoulidou, Niki Wenzel, Hans Yu, Shin-Shan Zhao, Tianchi GP IEEE TI A Study of a New Concept of High Resolution Hadron Calorimeter SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We present a novel calorimeter concept capable of achieving energy resolution better than 25%/root E for single hadrons and jets. The energy resolution improvement is achieved by utilizing the Cerenkov photon signal as an estimator of the energy loss due to nuclear processes. We demonstrate the excellent energy resolution for the case of a large homogeneous calorimeter by GEANT4 simulation. We also investigate a possible design of a sampling calorimeter involving alternating lead glass and scintillator planes. This design enables construction of a calorimeter with arbitrary segmentation in the transverse direction and in depth, as is required by many high-energy physics experiments. Such a calorimeter would at the same time enable excellent energy resolution for electrons and photons. C1 [Para, Adam; Saoulidou, Niki; Wenzel, Hans; Yu, Shin-Shan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Zhao, Tianchi] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98295 USA. RP Para, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tianchi@u.washinton.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356131 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600034 ER PT S AU Mascarenhas, N Brennan, J Krenz, K Lund, J Marleau, P Rasmussen, J Ryan, J Macri, J AF Mascarenhas, Nick Brennan, Jim Krenz, Kevin Lund, Jim Marleau, Peter Rasmussen, Julia Ryan, Jim Macri, John GP IEEE TI Development of a Neutron Scatter Camera for Fission Neutrons SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Special nuclear material (SNM) emits high energy radiation during active and passive interrogation. This radiation can be imaged thus allowing visualization of shielded and/or smuggled SNM. Although gamma-ray imaging is appropriate for many cases, neutrons are much more penetrating through hi-Z materials, and are thus preferred in certain scenarios (e.g. weapons grade Pu or HEU smuggled inside a lead pig several inches thick). Techniques for thermal neutron imaging have already been developed, but these approaches only image the moderating material, not the true SNM source. Traditional neutron detectors such as He3 tubes and scintillators simply count neutrons. We are developing an instrument that will directly image the fast fission neutrons from an SNM source using a neutron scatter camera. This technique has been shown to be 10 times more sensitive for solar neutrons over traditional neutron counting techniques. In addition to being a 4 pi neutron imager, this instrument will also be an excellent neutron spectrometer, and will be able to differentiate between different types of neutron sources (e.g. fission, gamma-n, cosmic ray, and dd or dt fusion). Our instrument will be able to pinpoint the source location. We will present results from a prototype detector and discuss key parameters that determine detector performance. C1 [Mascarenhas, Nick; Brennan, Jim; Krenz, Kevin; Lund, Jim; Marleau, Peter; Rasmussen, Julia] Sandia Natl Labs, Homeland Secur Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Ryan, Jim; Macri, John] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Mascarenhas, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Homeland Secur Div, Livermore, CA USA. FU [NA-22/NNSA] FX This work has been funded by NA-22/NNSA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356135 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600038 ER PT S AU Stange, S Karpius, PJ Frame, KC Clay, WA Elmont, TE Esch, EI Johansen, NA MacArthur, DW McKigney, EA Smith, MK Thron, JL Williams, RB AF Stange, Sy Karpius, Peter J. Frame, Katherine C. Clay, William A. Elmont, Timothy E. Esch, Ernst-Ingo Johansen, Norman A. MacArthur, Duncan W. McKigney, Edward A. Smith, Morag K. Thron, Jonathan L. Williams, Richard B. GP IEEE TI Development of a Liquid Scintillator Neutron Multiplicity Counter (LSMC) SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A new neutron multiplicity counter is being developed that utilizes the fast response of liquid scintillator detectors. The ability to detect fast (vs. moderated) fission neutrons makes possible a coincidence gate on the order of tens of nanoseconds (vs. tens of microseconds). A neutron counter with such a narrow gate will be much less sensitive to accidental coincidences making it possible to measure items with a high single neutron background to greater accuracy in less time. This includes impure Pu items with high (alpha,n) rates as well as items of low mass HEU where a strong active interrogation source is needed. Liquid scintillator detectors also allow for energy discrimination between interrogation source neutrons and fission neutrons, allowing for even greater assay sensitivity. Designing and building a liquid scintillator multiplicity counter (LSMC) requires a symbiotic effort of simulation and experiment to optimize performance and mitigate hardware costs in the final product. We present preliminary Monte Carlo studies using the GEANT toolkit along with analysis of experimental data used to benchmark and tune the simulation. C1 [Stange, Sy] Univ Michigan, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Karpius, Peter J.; Frame, Katherine C.; Elmont, Timothy E.; Esch, Ernst-Ingo; MacArthur, Duncan W.; McKigney, Edward A.; Smith, Morag K.; Thron, Jonathan L.; Williams, Richard B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nuclear Nonproliferat Safeguards Sci & Tecnol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Clay, William A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. [Johansen, Norman A.] Texas A&M Univ, LANL, Nuclear Nonproliferat Safeguard Sci & Technol Grp, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stange, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sstange@lanl.gov; karpius@lanl.gov; frame@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Office; Dismantlement and Transparency [NA-241] FX Manuscript received November, 27 2006. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Dismantlement and Transparency (NA-241). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 208 EP 211 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600043 ER PT S AU Descalle, MA Manatt, D Slaughter, D AF Descalle, Marie-Anne Manatt, Doug Slaughter, Dennis GP IEEE TI Analysis of Manifests for Containerized Commodities Imported through US Ports SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Special nuclear material (SNM) hidden in sea-going cargo containers has been identified as a significant threat at US ports, consequently several SNM detection schemes based on imaging and active interrogation techniques are being developed. Since it has proven difficult to establish what standard cargos should be, we analyzed shipping manifests for US imports shipped through North American ports collected on 14 days distributed over 12 months, and obtained several distribution functions of interest to the cargo scanning community, such as average densities, commodity categories, and packaging types. The "Nuclear Carwash", a cargo scanning technique currently under development at LLNL is based on neutron active interrogation, and relies on the unique signature of beta-delayed gammas emitted by fission products in the 3 to 7 MeV energy range. (19)F(n,a)(16)N, has been identified as the main potential interference for neutrons in the 7 to 9 MeV range and estimates of cargo compositions based on manifests identified as containing fluorine are presented. C1 [Descalle, Marie-Anne; Manatt, Doug; Slaughter, Dennis] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Descalle, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM descalle1@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356155 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600058 ER PT S AU Robinson, SM Kaye, WR Schweppe, JE Siciliano, ER AF Robinson, S. M. Kaye, W. R. Schweppe, J. E. Siciliano, E. R. GP IEEE TI Optimal Background Attenuation for Fielded Radiation Detection Systems SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Radiation detectors are often placed in positions difficult to shield from the effects of terrestrial background. This is particularly true in the case of Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) systems, as their wide viewing angle and outdoor installations make them susceptible to terrestrial background from the surrounding area. A low background is desired in most cases, especially when the background noise is of comparable strength to the signal of interest. The problem of shielding a generalized RPM from terrestrial background is considered. Various detector and shielding scenarios are modeled with the Monte-Carlo N Particle (MCNP) computer code. Amounts of nominal-density shielding needed to attenuate the terrestrial background to varying degrees are given, along with optimal shielding geometry to be used in areas where natural shielding is limited, and where radiation detection must occur in the presence of natural background. Common shielding solutions such as steel plating are evaluated based on the signal to noise ratio and the benefits are weighed against the incremental cost. C1 [Robinson, S. M.; Schweppe, J. E.; Siciliano, E. R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kaye, W. R.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Robinson, SM (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 281 EP 284 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600059 ER PT S AU McCormick, K Stromswold, DC Woodring, ML Ely, J Siciliano, ER Caggiano, JA Hensley, WK AF McCormick, Kathleen Stromswold, David C. Woodring, Mitchell L. Ely, James Siciliano, Edward R. Caggiano, Jac A. Hensley, Walter K. GP IEEE TI In-Ground Radiation Detection SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Vertically oriented radiation detectors may not provide sufficient screening in rail or aviation applications. Railcars can be heavily shielded on the sides, reducing the sensitivity of vertically mounted monitors. For aviation, the distance required for wingspan clearance reduces a vertical detector's coverage of the fuselage. To surmount these, and other, challenging operational and sensitivity issues, we have investigated the use of in-ground radiation detectors. C1 [McCormick, Kathleen; Stromswold, David C.; Woodring, Mitchell L.; Ely, James; Siciliano, Edward R.; Caggiano, Jac A.; Hensley, Walter K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McCormick, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kathy.mccormick@pnl.gov; david.stromswold@pnl.gov; mitchell.woodring@pnl.gov; james.ely@pnl.gov; edward.siciliano@pnl.gov; jac.caggiano@pnl.gov; walter.hensley@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356159 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600062 ER PT S AU Schweppe, JE Ely, JH McConn, RJ Pagh, RT Robinson, SM Siciliano, ER AF Schweppe, John E. Ely, James H. McConn, Ronald J., Jr. Pagh, Richard T. Robinson, Sean M. Siciliano, Edward R. GP IEEE TI The Effect of the Three-Dimensional Geometry of Cargo on the Detection of Radioactive Sources in Cargo Containers SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed computer models to simulate the screening of vehicles and cargo with radiation portal monitors for the presence of illegitimate radioactive material. In addition, selected measurements have been conducted to validate the models. An important consideration in the modeling of realistic scenarios is the influence of the three-dimensional geometry of the cargo on the measured signature. This is particularly important for scenarios where the source and detector move with respect to each other. Two cases of the influence of the three-dimensional geometry of the cargo on the measured radiation signature are analyzed. In the first, measurements show that spectral data collected from moving sources so as to maximize the gross-counting signal-to-noise ratio has minimal spectral distortion, so that the spectral data can be summed over this time interval. In the second, modeling demonstrates that the ability to detect radioactive sources at all locations in a container full of cargo scales approximately linearly with the vertical height of the detector, suggesting that detectors should be approximately the same height as the container they scan. C1 [Schweppe, John E.; Ely, James H.; McConn, Ronald J., Jr.; Pagh, Richard T.; Robinson, Sean M.; Siciliano, Edward R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schweppe, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.schweppe@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 295 EP 299 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600063 ER PT S AU Ludewigt, BA Bleuel, DL Kwan, JW Li, DR Ratti, A Staples, JW Virostek, SP Wells, RP AF Ludewigt, Bernhard A. Bleuel, Darren L. Kwan, Joe W. Li, Derun Ratti, Alex Staples, John W. Virostek, Steven P. Wells, Russell P. GP IEEE TI High-Yield Neutron Source for Cargo Container Screening SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A high-yield neutron source has been designed for the screening of sea-land cargo containers for shielded special Nuclear Materials (SNM). The accelerator-driven neutron source utilizes the D(d,n)(3)He reaction to produce a forward directed neutron beam. The key components of the neutron source are a high-current radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator and a high-power neutron production target. A thin entrance window has been designed that minimizes the energy loss of the deuteron beam and withstands the gas pressure. The source will be capable of delivering a neutron flux of up to 2.10(7) n/(cm(2).s) at a distance of 2.5 m from the target and will allow the comprehensive testing and demonstration of active neutron interrogation. C1 [Ludewigt, Bernhard A.; Bleuel, Darren L.; Kwan, Joe W.; Li, Derun; Ratti, Alex; Staples, John W.; Virostek, Steven P.; Wells, Russell P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ludewigt, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Bernhard_Ludewigt@lbl.gov; DLBleuel@lbl.gov; JWKwan@lbl.gov; Dli@lbl.gov; ARatti@lbl.gov; JWStaples@lbl.gov; SPVirostek@lbl.gov; RPWells@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 300 EP 303 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356161 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600064 ER PT S AU Blackburn, BW Jones, JL Moss, CE Mihalczo, JT Hunt, AW Hausladen, P Pozzi, SA Harmon, FJ Waters, L Inakiev, K McCluskey, C Flaska, M Watson, SM Johnson, JT AF Blackburn, Brandon W. Jones, James L. Moss, Calvin E. Mihalczo, John T. Hunt, Alan W. Hausladen, Paul Pozzi, Sara A. Harmon, Frank J. Waters, Laurie Inakiev, Kiril McCluskey, Craig Flaska, Marus Watson, Scott M. Johnson, James T. GP IEEE TI Actively-induced, Prompt Radiation Utilization in Nonproliferation Applications SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The Pulsed Photonuclear Assessment (PPA) technique, which has demonstrated the ability to detect shielded nuclear material, is currently based on utilizing delayed neutrons and photons between accelerator pulses. While most active interrogation systems have focused on delayed neutron and gamma-ray signatures, the current requirements of various Homeland Security issues necessitate bringing faster detection and acquisition capabilities to field inspection applications. This push for decreased interrogation times, increased sensitivity and mitigation of false positives requires that detection systems take advantage of all available information. Collaborative research between Idaho National Lab (INL), Idaho State University's Idaho Accelerator Center (IAC), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has focused on exploiting actively-induced, prompt radiation signatures from nuclear material within a pulsed photonuclear environment. To date, these prompt emissions have not been effectively exploited due to difficulties in detection and signal processing inherent in the prompt regime as well as an overall poor understanding of the magnitude and yields of these emissions. Exploitation of prompt radiation (defined as during an accelerator pulse/(photo) fission event and/or immediately after (< 1 mu s)) has the potential to dramatically reduce interrogation times since the prompt neutron yields are more than two orders of magnitude greater than delayed emissions. Successful exploitation of prompt emissions is critical for the development of an improved robust, high-throughput, low target dose inspection system for detection of shielded nuclear materials. C1 [Blackburn, Brandon W.; Jones, James L.; Watson, Scott M.; Johnson, James T.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Moss, Calvin E.; Waters, Laurie; Inakiev, Kiril; McCluskey, Craig] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hunt, Alan W.; Harmon, Frank J.] Idaho Accelerator Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83415 USA. RP Blackburn, BW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Brandon.Blackburn@INL.gov RI Johnson, James/B-9689-2017 OI Johnson, James/0000-0002-3434-4413 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Battelle Energy Alliance under DOE [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX Idaho National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Energy Alliance under DOE contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 314 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600067 ER PT S AU Junnarkar, SS Fried, J O'Connor, P Radeka, V Vaska, P Purschke, M Tomasi, D Pratte, JF Park, SJ Woody, C Fontaine, R AF Junnarkar, Sachin S. Fried, Jack O'Connor, Paul Radeka, Veljko Vaska, Paul Purschke, Martin Tomasi, Dardo Pratte, Jean-Francois Park, Sang-June Woody, Craig Fontaine, Rejean GP IEEE TI MRI Compatible G-Link and PCI Based Data Acquisition Hardware for the RatCAP Scanner SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID PET AB The RatCAP (Rat Conscious Animal PET) is a miniature PET scanner intended for neurological and behavioral studies of small awake animals. The RatCAP detectors are based on Hamamatsu 4 x 8 APD arrays (S8550) coupled to lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillators of 2 x 2 x 5 mm(3) in size. These detectors are coupled to a custom front-end Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) realized in a CMOS 0.18 mu m technology. From this point on in the data stream, the data acquisition hardware has been completely redesigned, replacing previous obsolete VME based system with an optical system which can withstand the environment within an MRI scanner for the intended application of simultaneous PET and MR imaging. Agilent HDMP-1022-1024 G-Link, SDX-19-4-1-S Stratos Lightwave optical transceivers and PCI technology based high speed data acquisition hardware is expected to support a transfer rate up to 70 MB/sec. This hardware system mainly comprises two electronics modules which are read out using Windows/Linux based data acquisition software. C1 [Junnarkar, Sachin S.; Fried, Jack; O'Connor, Paul; Radeka, Veljko; Vaska, Paul; Purschke, Martin; Tomasi, Dardo; Pratte, Jean-Francois; Park, Sang-June; Woody, Craig] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fontaine, Rejean] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Junnarkar, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sachin@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work is supported under a grant from the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and DOE Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Sachin S Junnarkar, Jack Fried, Paul O'Connor, Veljko Radeka, Paul Vaska, Martin Purschke, Dardo Tomasi, Jean-Francois Pratte, Sang-June Park, Craig Woody are with the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600083 ER PT S AU Tassotto, GR Scarpine, VE Lumpkin, AH Thurman-Keup, RM AF Tassotto, Gianni R. Scarpine, Victor E. Lumpkin, Alex H. Thurman-Keup, Randy M. GP IEEE TI Optical Transition Radiation Imaging of 120 GeV Protons Used for Antiproton Production at FNAL SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB An optical transition radiation (OTR) detector has been installed in the FNAL AP-1 pre-target beamline to image OTR from 120 GeV protons used for antiproton production. This detector will be used to measure protons-on-target beam profiles at high intensities where the present Secondary Emission Monitor (SEM) will not operate. This detector will complement the AP-1 beam instrumentation that includes 2 toroids, 6 Secondary Emission Monitors, 9 Beam Position Monitors (BPM), 24 Beam Loss Monitors (BLM) and a Resistive Wall Monitor (RWM). The AP-1 beamline is a 120 GeV high-intensity fixed-target proton beamline with the following beam parameters: a maximum expected beam intensity of 1e13 protons/spill, spill rate of 1.9 seconds, and a spill length 1.6 mu sec. Commissioning of the OTR system is proceeding and initial results are presented. C1 [Tassotto, Gianni R.; Scarpine, Victor E.; Thurman-Keup, Randy M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Lumpkin, Alex H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tassotto, GR (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tassotto@fnal.gov; scarpine@fnal.gov; lumpkin@aps.anl.gov; keup@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH0300, W-31-109-ENG-38] FX Manuscript received December 1, 2006. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts No. DE-AC02-76CH0300 and W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 481 EP 484 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356202 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600105 ER PT S AU Hohlmann, M Baksay, G Browngold, M Dehmelt, K Guragain, S Andreev, V Yang, XF Bellinger, J Carlsmith, D Feyzi, F Loveless, RJ Northacker, D Case, M Eartly, DP Prokofiev, O Sknar, V Sytnik, V AF Hohlmann, Marcus Baksay, Gyoegyi Browngold, Max Dehmelt, Klaus Guragain, Samir Andreev, Valery Yang, Xiaofeng Bellinger, James Carlsmith, Duncan Feyzi, Farshid Loveless, Richard J. Northacker, David Case, Michael Eartly, David P. Prokofiev, Oleg Sknar, Vladimir Sytnik, Valeri GP IEEE TI Design and Performance of the Alignment System for the CMS Muon Endcaps SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The alignment system for the CMS Muon Endcap detector employs several hundred sensors such as optical 1-D CCD sensors illuminated by lasers and analog distance- and tilt-sensors to monitor the positions of one sixth of 468 large Cathode Strip Chambers. The chambers mounted on the endcap yoke disks undergo substantial deformation on the order of centimeters when the 4T field is switched on and off. The Muon Endcap alignment system is required to monitor chamber positions with 75-200 mu m accuracy in the R phi plane, similar to 400 mu m in the radial direction, and similar to 1 mm in the z-direction along the beam axis. The complete alignment hardware for one of the two endcaps has been installed at CERN. A major system test was performed when the 4T solenoid magnet was ramped up to full field for the first time in August 2006. We present the overall system design and first results on disk deformations, which indicate that the measurements agree with expectations. C1 [Hohlmann, Marcus; Baksay, Gyoegyi; Browngold, Max; Dehmelt, Klaus; Guragain, Samir] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Andreev, Valery; Yang, Xiaofeng] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Bellinger, James; Carlsmith, Duncan; Feyzi, Farshid; Loveless, Richard J.; Northacker, David] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Case, Michael] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA USA. [Eartly, David P.; Prokofiev, Oleg] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Sknar, Vladimir] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Sytnik, Valeri] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Hohlmann, M (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM hohlmann@fit.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76-CH03000, DE-FG02-03ER41264 A005] FX Manuscript received November 17, 2006. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant Nos. DE-AC02-76-CH03000and DE-FG02-03ER41264 A005. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 489 EP 495 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600107 ER PT S AU Turqueti, MA Andresen, J Brooks, ML Butsyk, SA Cardoso, G Christian, D Kapustinsky, J Kunde, GJ Kwan, SW Lee, DM Rivera, R AF Turqueti, M. A. Andresen, J. Brooks, M. L. Butsyk, S. A. Cardoso, G. Christian, D. Kapustinsky, J. Kunde, G. J. Kwan, S. W. Lee, D. M. Rivera, R. GP IEEE TI Pixel Multichip Module Development at Fermilab for the PHENIX Experiment SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB At Fermilab, there is an ongoing pixel detector R&D effort for high energy physics (HEP) with the objective of developing high performance vertex detectors suitable for the next generation of HEP experiments. The pixel module presented here is result of many years of R&D on hybrid pixel systems and will be used by the PHENIX experiment. The PHENIX experiment is the largest of the four experiments currently taking data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ( RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a world-class scientific research facility that began operation in 2000, following 10 years of development and construction. The pixel module presented here will be installed on the PHENIX forward tracker region. The pixel modules will be stacked in four parallel planes that will then form the tracking stations for forward tracking. There will be up to twenty four modules per station adding to almost two million pixels. The pixel tracker will be used to identify Charm and Beauty quarks that are produced early in the heavy ion collisions. A new version of the hybrid pixel readout chips is being used on this experiment, the FPIX 2.1. This chip has improved electronics and is capable of providing trigger signals for the experiment. C1 [Turqueti, M. A.; Andresen, J.; Cardoso, G.; Christian, D.; Kwan, S. W.; Rivera, R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Brooks, M. L.; Butsyk, S. A.; Kapustinsky, J.; Kunde, G. J.; Lee, D. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Turqueti, MA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU Universities Research Association Inc. under United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX Operated by Universities Research Association Inc. under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03000 with the United States Department of Energy NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 496 EP 499 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356205 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600108 ER PT S AU Anderson, J Bridges, L Casey, B Enari, Y Green, J Johnson, M Kwarciany, R Miao, CC Partridge, R Yoo, HD Wang, JG AF Anderson, John Bridges, Lloyd Casey, Brendan Enari, Yuji Green, Johnny Johnson, Marvin Kwarciany, Rick Miao, Chyi-Chiang Partridge, Richard Yoo, Hwi Dong Wang, Jigang GP IEEE TI Upgrade of the DO Luminosity Monitor Readout System SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE D-Zero; TeVatron; Luminosity; Preamplifier; VME AB We describe upgrades to the readout system for the DO Luminosity Monitor. The DO Luminosity Monitor consists of plastic scintillation detectors with fine-mesh photomultiplier readout that cover the pseudorapidity range 2.7 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 4.4. The detector is designed to provide a precise measurement of the rate for non-diffractive inelastic collisions that is used to calculate the TeVatron luminosity at DO. The new readout system is based on custom VME electronics that make precise time-of-flight and charge measurements for each luminosity counter. These measurements are used to identify beam crossings with non-diffractive interactions by requiring in-time hits in both the forward and backward luminosity counters. We have also significantly increased signal/noise for the photomultiplier signals by developing a new front-end preamplifier and improving the grounding scheme. C1 [Anderson, John; Green, Johnny; Johnson, Marvin; Kwarciany, Rick] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Casey, Brendan; Enari, Yuji; Miao, Chyi-Chiang; Partridge, Richard; Yoo, Hwi Dong; Wang, Jigang] Brown Univ Providence, Dept Phys, Providence, RI USA. [Bridges, Lloyd] Blue Sky Elect, Houston, TX USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 503 EP 506 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356207 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600110 ER PT S AU Aryaeinejad, R Cole, JD Drigert, MW Vaden, DE AF Aryaeinejad, Rahmat Cole, Jerald D. Drigert, Mark W. Vaden, Dee E. GP IEEE TI Safeguards and Non-proliferation Issues as Related to Advanced Fuel Cycle and Advanced Fast Reactor Development with Processing of Reactor Fuel SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Fuel Processing; Advanced fuel Cycle; Nonproliferation AB The goal of this work is to establish basic data and techniques to enable safeguards appropriate to a new generation of nuclear power systems that will be based on fast spectrum reactors and mixed actinide fuels containing significant quantities of "minor" actinides, possibly due to reprocessing, and determination of what new radiation signatures and parameters need to be considered. The research effort focuses on several problems associated with the use of fuel having significantly different actinide inventories that current practice and on the development of innovative techniques using new radiation signatures and other parameters useful for safeguards and monitoring. In addition, the development of new distinctive radiation signatures as an aid in controlling proliferation of nuclear materials has parallel applications to support Gen-IV and current advanced fuel cycle initiative (AFCI) goals as well as the anticipated Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). C1 [Aryaeinejad, Rahmat; Cole, Jerald D.; Drigert, Mark W.; Vaden, Dee E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Aryaeinejad, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM rahmat.aryaeinejad@inl.gov; Jerald.cole@inl.gov; Mark.Drigert@inl.gov; Dee.Vaden.@inl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356213 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600116 ER PT S AU Hartwell, JK Scates, DM Drigert, MW Walter, JB AF Hartwell, John K. Scates, Dawn M. Drigert, Mark W. Walter, John B. GP IEEE TI Installation and Final Testing of an On-Line, Multi-Spectrometer Fission Product Monitoring System (FPMS) to Support Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) Fuel Testing and Qualification in the Advanced Test Reactor SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The US Department of Energy (DOE) is initiating tests of reactor fuel for use in an Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR). The AGR will use helium coolant, a low-power-density graphite-moderated core, and coated-particle fuel. A series of eight (8) fuel irradiation tests are planned for the Idaho National Laboratory's (INL's) Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). One important measure of fuel performance in these tests is quantification of the fission gas releases over the nominal 2-year duration of each irradiation experiment. This test objective will be met using the AGR Fission Product Monitoring System (FPMS) which includes seven (7) on-line detection stations viewing each of the six test capsule effluent lines (plus one spare). Each station incorporates both a heavily-shielded high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer for quantification of the isotopic releases, and a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector to monitor the total count rate and identify the timing of the releases. The AGR-1 experiment will begin irradiation in December 2006. To support this experiment, the FPMS has been completely assembled, tested, and calibrated in a laboratory at the INL, and then reassembled in its final location in the ATR reactor basement. This paper presents the details of the equipment performance, the control and acquisition software, the installation in the ATR basement, and the test monitoring plan. C1 [Hartwell, John K.; Scates, Dawn M.; Drigert, Mark W.; Walter, John B.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hartwell, JK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM john.hartwell@inl.gov; dawn.scates@inl.gov; mark.drigert@inl.gov; john.walter@inl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356214 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600117 ER PT S AU Uckan, T March-Leuba, J Powell, D AF Uckan, Taner March-Leuba, Jose Powell, Danny GP IEEE TI Fissile Mass Flow Monitor Source-Strength Calibration Using the ORNL Neutron Detector System SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB This paper describes the Neutron Detector System (NDS) developed to measure the neutron source strength of the (252)Cf neutron sources used in the fissile mass flow monitor (FMFM). The FMFM measures the (235)U fissile mass flow in the UF(6) gas streams and uses (252)Cf neutron sources for the fission activation of the UF(6) gas. Four FMFMs are operational in three Russian facilities for the U. S. Department of Energy's Highly Enriched Uranium Transparency Program. The (252)Cf sources are replaced about every 2 years due to their short half-life (similar to 2.65 years). During FMFM source replacement, the new (252)Cf sources are calibrated and verified with the previously installed sources (i.e., a relative source mass check) to ensure proper and seamless FMFM performance. The NDS consists of a neutron detector (a commercially available high-efficiency (3)He proportional counter) and the electronics, which are commercial nuclear instrument modules. A measurement time of 10 s is sufficient to take the data; the NDS yields about <= 0.5% error from the average count taken up to 100 s. Measurement repeatability is good (< 1%), and it is not sensitive (< 0.5%) to the orientation of the source plug inside the NDS polyethylene source plug holder. The NDS is then calibrated for the measured source mass strength, and it is established that the sources can be measured with an overall uncertainty of 1.4% for a typical FMFM source mass of 3 mu g. A detailed description of the NDS, its performance characteristics, and results of measurements performed on the latest FMFM sources are presented. C1 [Uckan, Taner; March-Leuba, Jose; Powell, Danny] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Uckan, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM uckant@ornl.gov; marchleubaja@ornl.gov; powelldh@ornl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 540 EP 543 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356215 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600118 ER PT S AU Rabin, MW Hoover, AS Rudy, CR Lamont, SP Tournear, DM Vo, DT Beall, JA Doriese, WB Duncan, WD Ferreira, L Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD O'Neil, GC Reintsema, CD Ullom, JN Vale, LR Chesson, K Zink, BL AF Rabin, M. W. Hoover, A. S. Rudy, C. R. Lamont, S. P. Tournear, D. M. Vo, D. T. Beall, J. A. Doriese, W. B. Duncan, W. D. Ferreira, L. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. O'Neil, G. C. Reintsema, C. D. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. Chesson, K. Zink, B. L. GP IEEE TI Microcalorimeter Nuclear Spectrometers SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Microcalorimeter; microcalorimeter array; transition-edge sensor (TES); gamma ray spectroscopy; nuclear forensics; spent nuclear fuel; non-destructive analysis (NDA) ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; ENERGY RESOLUTION; ARRAYS; NOISE AB We present results from the initial testing of arrays of cryogenic microcalorimeter gamma-ray detectors. The successful fabrication and multiplexed operation of these arrays allow us to make pixel-to-pixel performance comparisons. The relationship between operating conditions and array performance is investigated. Advanced refrigerators for these detectors work without liquid cryogens, achieve temperatures below 100 mK, and operate continuously for many days. C1 [Rabin, M. W.; Hoover, A. S.; Rudy, C. R.; Lamont, S. P.; Tournear, D. M.; Vo, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Duncan, W. D.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; O'Neil, G. C.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Chesson, K.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zink, B. L.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Rabin, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rabin@lanl.gov FU U.S. Departments of Energy [DOE/NNSA/NA-22/LANL/PDP]; U.S. Departments of Commerce [DOC/NIST/EEEL/Director's Reserve]; U.S. Intelligence Community Postdoctoral fellowship (RDH) FX Manuscript received November 16, 2006. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Departments of Energy (DOE/NNSA/NA-22/LANL/PDP and Commerce (DOC/NIST/EEEL/Directors Reserve), and a U.S. Intelligence Community Postdoctoral fellowship (RDH). NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 544 EP 547 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600119 ER PT S AU Ianakiev, KD Alexandrov, BS Close, DA Dale, DJ Goda, JM Hill, TR Marks, T Moss, CE Nguyen, H AF Ianakiev, K. D. Alexandrov, B. S. Close, D. A. Dale, D. J. Goda, J. M. Hill, T. R. Marks, T. Moss, C. E. Nguyen, H. GP IEEE TI Effect of Temperature on Counting Measurements in a Uranium Enrichment Monitor Based on a NaI(Tl) Spectrometer and Transmission Source SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We have studied the stability of a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and a commercial, general-purpose, digital, multichannel analyzer (MCA) used in uranium enrichment monitoring and have evaluated their combined sensitivity to temperature. The method used to calculate enrichment is very sensitive to any error that may be introduced by the instrument when measuring the intensity of the transmission peak corrected by the dead time (DT). An error as small as 0.1% in the attenuation of the transmission-peak count rate results in about a 3% error in the enrichment calculation. The demand for such an unusually high level of accuracy challenges the capabilities of an off-the-shelf instrument. The experimental data show that a variation of +/-10 degrees C in the room temperature can cause a 0.4% change in the count rate of the transmission peak, even though the gain stabilization system holds the transmission peak at a specified channel. We have observed that the temperature changes the MCA's pileup rejector efficiency and, thus, the DT correction. This is because the shapers in the fast and slow channels have different temperature characteristics. We have utilized a custom-designed detector preamplifier that stabilizes the preamplifier pulse shape over the working temperature range. C1 [Ianakiev, K. D.; Alexandrov, B. S.; Close, D. A.; Dale, D. J.; Goda, J. M.; Hill, T. R.; Marks, T.; Moss, C. E.; Nguyen, H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ianakiev, KD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ianakiev@lanl.gov; boian@lanl.gov; dclose@lanl.gov; djdale@lanl.gov; jgoda@lanl.gov; tomhill@lanl.gov; tmarks@lanl.gov; cmoss@lanl.gov; hnguyen@lanl.gov RI Alexandrov, Boian/D-2488-2010 OI Alexandrov, Boian/0000-0001-8636-4603 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 552 EP 556 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356218 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600121 ER PT S AU Chichester, DL Blackburn, BW Caffrey, AJ AF Chichester, David L. Blackburn, Brandon W. Caffrey, Augustine J. GP IEEE TI Radiation Fields in the Vicinity of Compact Accelerator Neutron Generators SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID CONTRABAND AB Intense pulsed radiation fields emitted from sealed tube neutron generators provide a challenge for modern health physics survey instrumentation. The spectral sensitivity of these survey instruments requires calibration under realistic field conditions while the pulsed emission characteristics of neutron generators can vary from conditions of steady-state operation. As a general guide for assessing radiological conditions around neutron generators, experiments and modeling simulations have been performed to assess radiation fields near DD and DT neutron generators. The presence of other materials and material configurations can also have important effects on the radiation dose fields around compact accelerator neutron generators. C1 [Chichester, David L.; Blackburn, Brandon W.; Caffrey, Augustine J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chichester, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM David.Chichester@INL.gov; Brandon.Blackburn@INL.gov; Gus.Caffrey@INL.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600123 ER PT S AU Smith, LE Gesh, CJ Pagh, RT McConn, RJ Ellis, JE Kaye, WR Meriwether, GH Miller, E Shaver, MW Starner, JR Valsan, AB Wareing, TA AF Smith, L. Eric Gesh, Christopher J. Pagh, Richard T. McConn, Ronald J. Ellis, J. Edward Kaye, William R. Meriwether, George H. Miller, Erin Shaver, Mark W. Starner, Jason R. Valsan, Andrei B. Wareing, Todd A. GP IEEE TI Deterministic Transport Methods for the Simulation of Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Scenarios SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Radiation transport modeling methods used in the radiation detection community fall into one of two broad categories: stochastic (Monte Carlo) and deterministic. Monte Carlo methods are typically the tool of choice for simulating gamma-ray spectrometers operating in homeland and national security settings (e.g. portal monitoring of vehicles or isotope identification using handheld devices), but deterministic codes that discretize the linear Boltzmann transport equation in space, angle, and energy offer potential advantages in computational efficiency for many complex radiation detection problems. This paper describes the development of deterministic algorithms for simulating gamma-ray spectroscopy scenarios. Key challenges include: formulating methods to automatically define an energy group structure that can support modeling of gamma-ray spectrometers ranging from low to high resolution; combining deterministic transport algorithms (e.g. ray-tracing and discrete ordinates) to mitigate ray effects for a wide range of problem types; and developing efficient and accurate methods to calculate gamma-ray spectrometer response functions from the deterministic angular flux solutions. In this paper, the software framework aimed at addressing these challenges is described and results from test problems that compare deterministic and Monte Carlo approaches are provided. C1 [Smith, L. Eric; Gesh, Christopher J.; Pagh, Richard T.; McConn, Ronald J.; Ellis, J. Edward; Meriwether, George H.; Miller, Erin; Starner, Jason R.; Valsan, Andrei B.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-80, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wareing, Todd A.] Transpire Inc, Gig Harbor, WA 98335 USA. [Kaye, William R.; Shaver, Mark W.] Univ Michigan, Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Smith, LE (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-80, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM eric.smith@pnl.gov FU United States National Nuclear Security Administration Nonproliferation Research and Engineering; United States Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office FX This work was supported by the United States National Nuclear Security Administration Nonproliferation Research and Engineering, and the United States Department of Homeland Security Domestic Nuclear Detection Office. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 588 EP 592 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600127 ER PT S AU Novikova, EI Strickman, MS Gwon, C Phlips, BF Wulf, EA Fitzgerald, C Waters, LS Johns, RC AF Novikova, Elena I. Strickman, Mark S. Gwon, Chul Phlips, Bernard F. Wulf, Eric A. Fitzgerald, Carrie Waters, Laurie S. Johns, Russell C. GP IEEE TI Designing SWORD-SoftWare for Optimization of Radiation Detectors SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The SoftWare for the Optimization of Radiation Detectors (SWORD) is an integrated system (based on MCNPX [1] and GEANT4 [2] 3D Monte Carlo radiation transport codes) useful for the optimization of high energy radiation detection systems. A set of usable sample inputs and analysis algorithms are integrated into the system. Sample inputs include Special Nuclear Material (SNM) targets, nuisance sources, and industrial and marine backgrounds. Analysis algorithms include spectroscopy and imaging for coded aperture detectors and Compton imagers. The system is designed from the start to be easy to use and to be deployable to detector design and system architecture study groups who are its ultimate users. C1 [Novikova, Elena I.; Strickman, Mark S.; Phlips, Bernard F.; Wulf, Eric A.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Gwon, Chul] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA USA. [Fitzgerald, Carrie] Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD USA. [Waters, Laurie S.; Johns, Russell C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Novikova, EI (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM novikova@nrl.navy.mil; strick-man@nrl.navy.mil; chul.gwon@nrl.navy.mil; phlips@nrl.navy.mil; wulf@nrl.navy.mil; cfitzgerald4@loyola.edu; lsw@lanl.gov; johns@lanl.gov RI Wulf, Eric/B-1240-2012 FU Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Department of Homeland Security FX Manuscript received November 17, 2006. This research is funded by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office of the Department of Homeland Security. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 607 EP 612 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356228 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600131 ER PT S AU Verducci, M Cirilli, M Kortner, O Orestano, D Petrucci, F Rothberg, J van Eldik, N van Kesteren, Z Woudstra, M AF Verducci, M. Cirilli, M. Kortner, O. Orestano, D. Petrucci, F. Rothberg, J. van Eldik, N. van Kesteren, Z. Woudstra, M. GP IEEE TI Conditions Database and Calibration Software Framework for ATLAS Monitored Drift Tube Chambers SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID MUON SPECTROMETER AB The size and complexity of LHC experiments raise unprecedented challenges not only in terms of detector design, construction and operation, but also in terms of software models and data persistency. The nominal interaction rate of about 1 GHz at the design luminosity of 10(34) cm(-2)s(-1) must be reduced online by about seven order of magnitude to an event rate of O(100) Hz going to mass storage, and consisting of several different streams, one of them entirely dedicated to the calibration. One of the most challenging tasks will be the storage of "non-event" data produced by calibration and alignment stream processes into the Conditions Database and the transfer from the Tier0 (located at CERN) to the Tier2's designed to be "calibration centers", where the calibration jobs will run and the calibration constants will be stored in Oracle databases. In this paper the calibration software and the Database schema of the 375000 Monitored Drift Tubes that will be used as precision tracking detectors in the Muon Spectrometer of the ATLAS experiment are presented in detail. C1 [Verducci, M.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Verducci, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, CNAF, Bologna, Italy. [Cirilli, M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Orestano, D.; Petrucci, F.] Univ Rome Tre, INFN Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [van Eldik, N.; van Kesteren, Z.] NIKHEF, NL-1098 Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Woudstra, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kortner, O.] Univ Munich, D-85748 Munich, Germany. RP Verducci, M (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM monica.verducci@cern.ch NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 622 EP 626 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356231 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600134 ER PT S AU Rana, AS Keahey, K Freeman, T Sotomayor, B Foster, I Wurthwein, F Vaniachine, A AF Rana, Abhishek Singh Keahey, Katarzyna Freeman, Timothy Sotomayor, Borja Foster, Ian Wuerthwein, Frank Vaniachine, Alexandre GP IEEE TI Blueprint and First Experiences Bridging Hardware Virtualization and Global Grids for Advanced Scientific Computing: Designing and Building a Global Edge Services Framework (ESF) for OSG, EGEE, and LCG SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We report on first experiences with building and operating an Edge Services Framework (ESF) based on Xen virtual machines instantiated via the Workspace Service in Globus Toolkit, and developed as a joint project between EGEE, LCG, and OSG. Many computing facilities are architected with their compute and storage clusters behind firewalls. Edge Services (ES) are instantiated on a small set of gateways to provide access to these clusters via standard grid interfaces. Experience on EGEE, LCG, and OSG has shown that at least two issues are of critical importance when designing an infrastructure in support of ES. The first concerns ES configuration. It is impractical to assume that each Virtual Organization (VO) using a facility will employ the same ES configuration, or that different configurations will coexist easily. Even within a VO, it should be possible to run different versions of the same ES simultaneously. The second issue concerns resource allocation: it is essential that an ESF be able to effectively guarantee resource allocation (e. g., memory, CPU, and networking) to different VOs. By providing virtualization on the level of instruction set architecture, virtual machines (VMs) allow configuration of independent software stacks for each VM executing on a resource. Modern implementations of this abstraction are extremely efficient and have outstanding fine-grained enforcement capabilities. To securely deploy VMs, we have extended the design of, and use, Workspace Service in the Globus Toolkit, which allows a VO administrator to dynamically launch appropriately-configured system images. In addition, we are developing a library of such images, reflecting the needs of presently participating communities ATLAS, CMS, and CDF. In this paper, we report on first experiences designing, building and operating this Edge Services Framework. C1 [Rana, Abhishek Singh; Wuerthwein, Frank] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Keahey, Katarzyna; Freeman, Timothy; Foster, Ian; Vaniachine, Alexandre] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL USA. [Sotomayor, Borja] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL USA. RP Rana, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rana@fnal.gov; keahey@mcs.anl.gov; tfreeman@mcs.anl.gov; borja@cs.uchicago.edu; foster@mcs.anl.gov; fkw@fnal.gov; vaniachine@anl.gov RI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013 OI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/0000-0002-0367-5666 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0533280]; NSF CSR; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE); U.S. DOE [DE-FC02-01ER41201] FX Manuscript received November 27, 2006. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award No. 0533280; by the NSF CSR program; by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE); and by the U.S. DOE under Award No. DE-FC02-01ER41201. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 627 EP 631 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356232 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600135 ER PT S AU Rana, AS Wurthwein, F Perelmutov, T Kennedy, R Bakken, J Hesselroth, T Fisk, I Fuhrmann, P Ernst, M Lorch, M Skow, D AF Rana, Abhishek Singh Wuerthwein, Frank Perelmutov, Timur Kennedy, Robert Bakken, Jon Hesselroth, Ted Fisk, Ian Fuhrmann, Patrick Ernst, Michael Lorch, Markus Skow, Dane GP IEEE TI Introducing Advanced Fine-grained Security in dCache-SRM for PetaByte-scale Storage Systems on Global Data Grids: gPLAZMA 'grid-aware PLuggable AuthoriZation MAnagement System' SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We introduce gPLAZMA (grid-aware PLuggable AuthoriZation MAnagement) for dCache/SRM in this publication. Our work is motivated by a need for fine-grained security (Role Based Access Control or RBAC) in Storage Systems on Global Data Grids, and utilizes VOMS extended X. 509 certificate specification for defining extra attributes (FQANs), based on RFC3281. Our implementation, gPLAZMA in dCache, introduces Storage Authorization Callouts for SRM and GridFTP. It allows using different authorization mechanisms simultaneously, fine-tuned with switches and priorities of mechanisms. Of the four mechanisms currently supported, one is an integration with RBAC services in the Open Science Grid (OSG) USCMS/USATLAS Privilege Project, others are built-in as a lightweight suite of services (gPLAZMALite Authorization Services Suite) including the legacy dcache.kpwd file, as well as the popular grid-mapfile, augmented with a gPLAZMALite specific RBAC mechanism. Based on our current work, we also outline a list of future tasks. This work was undertaken as collaboration between PPDG Common project, OSG Privilege project, and the dCache/SRM groups at DESY, FNAL and UCSD. C1 [Rana, Abhishek Singh; Wuerthwein, Frank] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Perelmutov, Timur; Kennedy, Robert; Bakken, Jon; Hesselroth, Ted; Fisk, Ian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL USA. [Fuhrmann, Patrick; Ernst, Michael] Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Div Informat Technol, Hamburg, Germany. [Lorch, Markus] IBM Corp, Stuttgart, Germany. [Skow, Dane] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL USA. RP Rana, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rana@fnal.gov; fkw@fnal.gov; timur@fnal.gov; kennedy@fnal.gov; bakken@fnal.gov; tdh@fnal.gov; ifisk@fnal.gov; patrick.fuhrmann@desy.de; michael.ernst@desy.de; mlorch@acm.org; skow@mcs.anl.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0533280]; U.S. DOE [DE-FC02-01ER41201] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award No. 0533280; and by the U.S. DOE under Award No. DE-FC02-01ER41201. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 632 EP 636 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356233 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600136 ER PT S AU Simon, F Azmoun, B Burns, L Crary, D Kearney, K Keeler, G Majka, R Paton, K Smirnov, N Surrow, B Woody, C Becker, U Saini, G AF Simon, F. Azmoun, B. Burns, L. Crary, D. Kearney, K. Keeler, G. Majka, R. Paton, K. Smirnov, N. Surrow, B. Woody, C. Becker, U. Saini, G. GP IEEE TI Development of Tracking Detectors with industrially produced GEM Foils SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID ELECTRON MULTIPLIER GEM AB The planned tracking upgrade of the STAR experiment at RHIC includes a large-area GEM tracker used to determine the charge sign of electrons and positrons produced from W+(-) decays. For such a large-scale project commercial availability of GEM foils is necessary. We report first results obtained with a triple GEM detector using GEM foils produced by Tech-Etch Inc of Plymoth, MA, USA. Measurements of gain uniformity, long-term stability as well as measurements of the energy resolution for X-Rays are compared to results obtained with an identical detector using GEM foils produced at CERN. A quality assurance procedure based on optical tests using an automated high-resolution scanner has been established, allowing a study of the correlation of the observed behavior of the detector and the geometrical properties of the GEM foils. Detectors based on Tech-Etch and CERN produced foils both show good uniformity of the gain over the active area and stable gain after an initial charge-up period, making them well suited for precision tracking applications. C1 [Simon, F.; Burns, L.; Surrow, B.; Becker, U.] MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Azmoun, B.; Woody, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crary, D.; Kearney, K.; Keeler, G.; Saini, G.] Tech Etch, Plymouth, MA 02360 USA. [Majka, R.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Paton, K.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. RP Simon, F (reprint author), MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM fsimon@mit.edu FU US-DOE SBIR [DE-FG02-05ER84169] FX This work was supported in part by US-DOE SBIR Grant DE-FG02-05ER84169. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 660 EP 664 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355944 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600142 ER PT S AU Madden, TJ McGuigan, W Molitsky, MJ Naday, I McArthur, A Westbrook, EM AF Madden, Timothy J. McGuigan, William Molitsky, Michael J. Naday, Istvan McArthur, Alan Westbrook, Edwin M. GP IEEE TI Lens-Coupled CCD Detector for X-ray Crystallography SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; AREA DETECTORS; DESIGN; PERFORMANCE AB An x-ray crystallography detector (Blue-1) has been built based upon a Fairchild 486 back-illuminated CCD and a custom lens system designed by Optics One Inc. The advantages of our Blue-1 lens system over more conventional fiber-optic tapers are: lower noise and higher efficiency; improved point spread function; negligible spatial distortion; and lack of "chicken-wire" patterns. Also, the engineering is simpler because the CCD is not bonded to the fiber-optic taper. A unique mechanical design has been employed to accurately focus the image on the CCD. The detector software is based on MATLAB and takes advantage of its powerful imaging and signal processing libraries. The CCD timing can be updated on the fly by using a "CCD controller language" to specify timing. C1 [Madden, Timothy J.; Molitsky, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McGuigan, William] OPTICS One, West Lake Village, CA 91362 USA. [Naday, Istvan; McArthur, Alan] Aviex, Naperville, IL 60565 USA. [Westbrook, Edwin M.] Mol Biol Consortium, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Madden, TJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tmadden@anl.gov; wmcguigan@optisone.com; mmolitsky@anl.gov; snaday@core.com; snaday@core.com; westbrook@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [R01 RR16334]; National Science Foundation [DBI01-16615] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under grant R01 RR16334 and the National Science Foundation under grant DBI01-16615. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355958 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600146 ER PT S AU Tremsin, AS Siegmund, OHW Hull, JS Vallerga, JV McPhate, JB Soderstrom, J Chiou, JW Guo, JH Hussain, Z AF Tremsin, Anton S. Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Hull, Jeff S. Vallerga, John V. McPhate, Jason B. Soderstrom, Johan Chiou, J. W. Guo, Jinghua Hussain, Zahid GP IEEE TI High Resolution Photon Counting Detection System for Advanced Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Studies SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE High resolution photon counting; Time resolved event detection; Delayed fluorescence AB High brilliance and high spectral resolution of synchrotron sources enable a large number of soft-x-ray spectroscopic studies such as inelastic X-ray scattering, which is becoming a technique of choice for the investigation of the electronic properties of complex materials. The resolution of the detection system in such experiments has to match the accuracy of the probe beam in order to take the full advantage of the performance of modern synchrotron sources. In this paper we describe our advanced photon counting detection system capable of simultaneously registering both position and time of individual photons with 2-dimensional spatial accuracy of < 50 mu m and timing accuracy of < 130 ps FWHM. The open face, 25 mm active area detector consists of a Z-stack of microchannel plates and a cross delay line readout and has dark count of only a few counts per second. The associated electronics allows event counting rates up to similar to 400 KHz with 10% dead time for randomly distributed events. We present the results of our first measurements of delayed fluorescence from different materials performed at the Advanced Light Source. Time and angular resolved fluorescence measurements allowed us to separate images for the prompt elastically scattered and the delayed photons. The detector can also distinguish registration of electrons, ions or photons by variation of the potential on its input mesh. These results demonstrate the capabilities of our detection system, which is currently being integrated into an advanced time resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy system. C1 [Tremsin, Anton S.; Siegmund, Oswald H. W.; Hull, Jeff S.; Vallerga, John V.; McPhate, Jason B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Soderstrom, Johan; Chiou, J. W.; Guo, Jinghua; Hussain, Zahid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Soderstrom, Johan] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Chiou, J. W.] Tamkang Univ, Dept Phys, Tamsui 251, Taiwan. RP Tremsin, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ast@ssl.berkeley.edu; ossy@ssl.berkeley.edu; jeffh@ssl.berkeley.edu; jvv@ssl.berkeley.edu; mcphate@ssl.berkeley.edu; jguo@lbl.gov; zhussain@lbl.gov RI Soderstrom, Johan/B-1248-2011 OI Soderstrom, Johan/0000-0002-9647-0394 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 735 EP 739 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355959 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600147 ER PT S AU Flaska, M Pozzi, SA AF Flaska, Marek Pozzi, Sara A. GP IEEE TI Offline Pulse-Shape Discrimination Algorithms for Neutron Spectrum Unfolding SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID NE213 AB An optimized fast pulse-shape discrimination algorithm is used to discriminate neutrons from gamma rays with high accuracy, in a mixed radiation field. The discriminated data is subsequently used to identify the source. Experimental pulse-height distributions from discriminated data are shown for Cf-252 and Am-Be sources and are compared with simulations performed with the MCNP-PoliMi code. In all cases, very good agreement between simulations and measurements was achieved. In addition, several source-shielding configurations are presented to assess the influence of the potential source shielding on the measured neutron pulse-height distribution. C1 [Flaska, Marek; Pozzi, Sara A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Flaska, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM flaskam@ornl.gov; pozzisa@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 752 EP 758 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355962 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600150 ER PT S AU Mead, JA Bartsch, F AF Mead, Joseph A. Bartsch, Friedl GP IEEE TI A High Speed Time-Stamping and Histogramming Data Acquisition System for Position Encoded Data SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A high-speed, time-stamping and histogramming data acquisition system for position encoded data has been developed for the new OPAL neutron scattering facility being built by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization's Bragg Institute. The system described here provides the ability to capture, timestamp, and histogram position encoded neutron data. It provides this capability using the combination of a custom PCI card and a general purpose computer. Using this combination of minimal hardware with a general purpose computer it provides a flexible yet fast architecture that can handle data rates in excess of 2 million events per second. The PCI card integrates the data capture, frame generation, veto logic, and time-stamping features and then forwards the information to the computer via the PCI bus for histogramming. The histogramming is then performed on a general purpose computer where DRAM memory can easily be expanded to 16Gigabytes and beyond. Since it is performed in software it can be easily customized to carry out many different types measurements including kinetic, time of flight, and stroboscopic. Multiple cards can be implemented in a single PC to provide a synchronized scalable system. C1 [Mead, Joseph A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bartsch, Friedl] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Mead, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mead@bnl.gov; fkb@ansto.gov.au FU Australian Nuclear Science and Technologys Bragg Institute and Brookhaven National Laboratorys Instrumentation Division FX This work is supported under a contract between the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology's Bragg Institute and Brookhaven National Laboratory's Instrumentation Division. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 766 EP 769 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355965 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600153 ER PT S AU Bandstra, ME Bowen, JD Zoglauer, A Boggs, SE Coburn, W Wunderer, CB Amman, M Luke, PN AF Bandstra, Mark E. Bowen, Jason D. Zoglauer, Andreas Boggs, Steven E. Coburn, Wayne Wunderer, Cornelia B. Amman, Mark Luke, Paul N. GP IEEE TI Position Calibrations and Preliminary Angular Resolution of the Prototype Nuclear Compton Telescope SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Germanium strip detectors; Compton telescope; gamma-ray imaging ID FLIGHT AB The Nuclear Compton Telescope (NCT) is a balloon-borne soft gamma ray (0.2-10 MeV) telescope designed to study astrophysical sources of nuclear line emission and gamma ray polarization. A prototype instrument was successfully launched from Ft. Sumner, NM on June 1, 2005. The NCT prototype consists of two 3D position sensitive High-Purity-Germanium (HPGe) strip detectors fabricated with amorphous Ge contacts. The novel ultra-compact design and new technologies allow NCT to achieve high efficiencies with excellent spectral resolution and background reduction. We have completed our preliminary calibrations of both the energy and the 3D position of interactions for the prototype instrument. Determination of both the energy and the position is crucial for Compton imaging, and minimizing the errors in each improves the angular resolution. Because of the compact design of the detectors and the high spectral resolution of germanium, we expect the position uncertainties to dominate over energy uncertainties when determining the angular resolution. Detailed depth calibrations and a preliminary determination of angular resolution as a function of energy are described. We determine how measurement uncertainties and physical limitations (energy uncertainty, position uncertainty, Doppler broadening, and systematics) constrain the ultimate angular resolution. C1 [Bandstra, Mark E.; Bowen, Jason D.; Zoglauer, Andreas; Boggs, Steven E.; Coburn, Wayne; Wunderer, Cornelia B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amman, Mark; Luke, Paul N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Bandstra, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bandstra@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015 OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224 FU NASA [NNG04WC38G]; Townes Fellowship FX This research is funded by NASA grant NNG04WC38G. CBW also thanks the Townes Fellowship at UCB for support. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355966 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600154 ER PT S AU Terada, Y Enoto, T Miyawaki, R Fukazawa, Y Kawaharada, M Kamae, T Kokubun, M Makishima, K Mizuno, T Murakami, T Nakazawa, K Nomach, M Takahashi, T Takahashi, H Tashiro, MS Tamagawa, T Watanabe, S Yamaoka, K Yonetoku, D AF Terada, Yukikatsu Enoto, Teruaki Miyawaki, Ryouhei Fukazawa, Yasushi Kawaharada, Madoka Kamae, Tsuneyoshi Kokubun, Motohide Makishima, Kazuo Mizuno, Tsunefumi Murakami, Toshio Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Nomach, Masaharu Takahashi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Hiromitsu Tashiro, Makoto S. Tamagawa, Toru Watanabe, Shin Yamaoka, Kazutaka Yonetoku, Daisuke CA HXD-II Team GP IEEE TI In Orbit Timing Calibration of the Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors; Astronomical satellites; in-orbit performance; timing ID HXD-II; PERFORMANCE; ASTRO-E2 AB Suzaku is the fifth Japanese astrophysical satellite, devoted to study high energy phenomena in the X-ray band of 0.5 - 600 keV. It was successfully launched from Uchinoura Space Center in Japan on 10th July 2005. The HXD on board Suzaku covers 10 - 600 keV band with a high sensitivity of about 10(-5) cnt/s/cm(2)/keV level. The sensor consists of 16 identical GSO/BGO well-type-phoswich counters incorporating 2 mm-thick silicon PIN diodes, and 20 surrounding-BGO-shield counters to remove residual non X-ray backgrounds through anti-coincidence rejection. The present paper is particularly focused on timing system of the HXD and in-orbit verifications with pulsars. C1 [Terada, Yukikatsu; Tamagawa, Toru] RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Enoto, Teruaki; Miyawaki, Ryouhei; Kawaharada, Madoka; Kokubun, Motohide] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys Sci, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Makishima, Kazuo] Univ Tokyo, RIKEN, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Fukazawa, Yasushi; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Takahashi, Hiromitsu] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Kamae, Tsuneyoshi] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Murakami, Toshio; Watanabe, Shin; Yonetoku, Daisuke] Kanazawa Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Watanabe, Shin] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Nomach, Masaharu] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Tashiro, Makoto S.] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Yamaoka, Kazutaka] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. RP Terada, Y (reprint author), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM terada@riken.jp RI Terada, Yukikatsu/A-5879-2013 OI Terada, Yukikatsu/0000-0002-2359-1857 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355968 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600156 ER PT S AU De Geronimo, G Fried, J Smith, GC Yu, B Vernon, E Britton, CL Bryan, WL Clonts, LG Frank, SS AF De Geronimo, Gianluigi Fried, Jack Smith, Graham C. Yu, Bo Vernon, Emerson Britton, Charles L. Bryan, William L. Clonts, Lloyd G. Frank, Shane S. GP IEEE TI ASIC for Small Angle Neutron Scattering Experiments at the SNS SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID D/A CONVERTER; 10-B AB We present an ASIC for a He-3 gas detector to be used in small angle neutron scattering experiments at the Spallation Neutron Source in Oak Ridge. The ASIC is composed of 64 channels with low noise charge amplification, filtering, timing and amplitude measurement circuits, where an innovative current-mode peak-detector and digitizer (PDAD) is adopted. The proposed PDAD provides at the same time peak detection and A/D conversion in real time, at low power, and without requiring a clock signal. The channels share an efficient data sparsification and derandomization scheme, a 30-bit 256 deep FIFO, and low voltage differential signaling. C1 [De Geronimo, Gianluigi; Fried, Jack; Smith, Graham C.; Yu, Bo; Vernon, Emerson] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrum Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Britton, Charles L.; Bryan, William L.; Clonts, Lloyd G.; Frank, Shane S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Technol, Engn Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrum Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy; Brookhaven Science Associates; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy and has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 834 EP 840 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355980 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600168 ER PT S AU Warren, GA Caggiano, JA Hensley, WK Lepel, E Pratt, S Bertozzi, W Korbly, SE Ledoux, RJ Park, WH AF Warren, Glen A. Caggiano, Joseph A. Hensley, Walter K. Lepel, Elwood Pratt, Sharon Bertozzi, William Korbly, Stephen E. Ledoux, Robert J. Park, William H. GP IEEE TI Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence of U-235 SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Nuclear resonance fluorescence is a physical process that provides an isotopic-specific signature that can be used for the identification and characterization of materials. The technique involves the detection of prompt discrete-energy photons emitted from a sample which is exposed to photons in the MeV energy range. Potential applications of the technique range from detection of high explosives to characterization of special nuclear materials. One isotope of significant interest is U-235. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Passport Systems have collaborated to conduct measurements searching for nuclear resonance fluorescence signatures of U-235 below 3 MeV using a 220 g sample of highly enriched uranium. Nine U-235 resonances between 1650 and 2010 keV were identified in the preliminary analysis. Analysis of the measurement data to determine the integrated cross sections of the resonances is in progress. C1 [Warren, Glen A.; Caggiano, Joseph A.; Hensley, Walter K.; Lepel, Elwood; Pratt, Sharon] Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 MS P8-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bertozzi, William; Korbly, Stephen E.; Ledoux, Robert J.; Park, William H.] Passport Syst Inc, Acton, MA 01720 USA. [Bertozzi, William] MIT, Dept Phys, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Warren, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 MS P8-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM glen.warren@pnl.gov; jac.caggiano@pnl.gov; walter.hensley@pnl.gov; elwood.lepel@pnl.gov; sharon.pratt@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DEAC06-76RLO 1830]; Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation; Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development; DHS [N6600105D601 1] FX PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DEAC06-76RLO 1830. PNNL's contributions to this project were funded by the Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development. Funding for Passports Systems, Inc. contribution to this project were provided by DHS contract N6600105D601 1. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 914 EP 917 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355995 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600183 ER PT S AU Borozdin, KN Klimenko, AV Priedhorsky, WC Hengartner, N Alexander, CC Cortez, RA Tanner, HG Papageorgiou, X AF Borozdin, Konstantin N. Klimenko, Alexei V. Priedhorsky, William C. Hengartner, Nicolas Alexander, Charles C. Cortez, R. Andres Tanner, Herbert G. Papageorgiou, Xanthi GP IEEE TI Optimized Strategies for Smart Nuclear Search SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB In many applications the time available for nuclear materials detection is short, the signals are weak, and the backgrounds are large, variable, and difficult to control. We develop optimal strategies for nuclear search in these difficult conditions, and demonstrate these strategies in experiments. Model-driven algorithms promise to reduce search time by order of magnitude, with increased reliability of detection and reduced number of false positives. These strategies can be applied to various nuclear search scenarios, for both mobile and stationary detectors, hand-held detectors and sensors on robotic platforms. Our methods can be used against nuclear smugglers and terrorists, for safeguards and non-proliferation treaty monitoring, as well as in other situations where radioactive sources need to be found. C1 [Borozdin, Konstantin N.; Klimenko, Alexei V.; Priedhorsky, William C.; Hengartner, Nicolas; Alexander, Charles C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cortez, R. Andres; Tanner, Herbert G.; Papageorgiou, Xanthi] Univ New Mexico, Dept Engn Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Borozdin, KN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kbor@lanl.gov FU Technical Development funds FX This work was supported in part by the Technical Development funds of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 926 EP 928 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.355998 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875600186 ER PT S AU Grinyov, BV Ryzhikov, VD Naydenov, SV Smith, CF Opolonin, AD Lisetskaya, EK Shumeiko, NA Kurna, NL Onischenko, GM Tretyak, SE Galkin, SN Voronkin, EF AF Grinyov, B. V. Ryzhikov, V. D. Naydenov, S. V. Smith, C. F. Opolonin, A. D. Lisetskaya, E. K. Shumeiko, N. A. Kurna, N. L. Onischenko, G. M. Tretyak, S. E. Galkin, S. N. Voronkin, E. F. GP IEEE TI Radiation Detectors Scintillator-Photodiode on the Base of A2B6 Crystals for Application in Homeland Security and Medical Equipment SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID MULTIENERGY RADIOGRAPHY AB We have studied comparative parameters of different scintillators: CsI(Tl), CdWO4, ZnSe(Te), ZnSe(Te,O) for dual-energy radiography applications. Detectors of the scintillator-photodiode type were obtained on the basis of CsI(Tl), CdWO4 and ZnSe(Te) crystals, and their comparative study was carried out, aiming at their use in X-ray multi-energy tomography. Because of their low afterglow level (10 ppm after 10 ms), CWO and ZnSe crystals are preferable for this application. Our experiments have demonstrated a possibility for significant distinction between explosives and safe organics, so as between soft and bone tissues. Direct image reconstruction of biological objects (bones) and customs control objects (bags with dangerous items and substances) was obtained by the used method of dual-energy radiography. Theory predicts that, provided the energy selectivity of the detection circuit is improved, separate detection of substances with difference of 5-10% in density and effective atomic number can be possible. C1 [Naydenov, S. V.] NAS Ukraine, Inst Single Crystals, UA-61001 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Grinyov, B. V.; Ryzhikov, V. D.; Opolonin, A. D.; Lisetskaya, E. K.; Onischenko, G. M.; Tretyak, S. E.; Galkin, S. N.; Voronkin, E. F.] NAS Ukraine, Inst Scintillat Mat, UA-61001 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Smith, C. F.] US Naval Postgrad Sch, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Shumeiko, N. A.; Kurna, N. L.] State R & D Enterprise Kommunar, Kharkov 61681, Ukraine. RP Naydenov, SV (reprint author), NAS Ukraine, Inst Single Crystals, UA-61001 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM stcri@isc.kharkov.com; naydenov@kharkov.com; cfsmith@nps.edu FU INTAS [05-104-7519]; STCU-NASU [4115] FX Manuscript received October 27, 2006. This work was supported in part by the INTAS Project Ref. Nr. 05-104-7519 and STCU-NASU Project #4115. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1134 EP 1138 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601040 ER PT S AU Xie, QG Kao, CM Byrum, K Drake, G Vaniachine, A Wagner, RG Rykalin, V Chen, CT AF Xie, Qingguo Kao, Chien-Min Byrum, Karen Drake, Gary Vaniachine, Alexandre Wagner, Robert G. Rykalin, Victor Chen, Chin-Tu GP IEEE TI Characterization of Silicon Photomultipliers for PET Imaging SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID DETECTOR; READOUT; SIPM AB The Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is a novel photodetector being developed for high energy physics applications. SiPM is attractive for PET imaging because it is compact; provides high gain at low voltage; is insensitive to magnetic fields; has a fast timing response; and is potentially inexpensive and CMOS-technology compatible. Researchers have characterized SiPM performance mostly in areas relevant to high-energy physics and astrophysics applications, with some findings demonstrating the potential usefulness of SiPM in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Using our photodetector characterization test-stand equipped with a 20GSps sample rate and 6GHz bandwidth oscilloscope, we have measured the gains in the range of 1 - 3 x 10(5) room temperature for SiPM samples obtained from different producers. We have measured the rising times and their standard deviations. Based on the measured dark-count rates at room temperature, we have also estimated the achievable energy resolution of SiPM in PET imaging when used with LSO and BGO scintillators. C1 [Xie, Qingguo; Kao, Chien-Min; Chen, Chin-Tu] Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Byrum, Karen; Drake, Gary; Vaniachine, Alexandre; Wagner, Robert G.] Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rykalin, Victor] Northern Illinois Univ, Ctr Accelerator & Detector Dev, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Xie, QG (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013 OI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/0000-0002-0367-5666 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1199 EP 1203 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356059 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601054 ER PT S AU Klann, RT Lou, Q Fink, CL AF Klann, Raymond T. Lou, Qi Fink, Charles L. GP IEEE TI Angular Response Functions for Sodium Iodide Detectors SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE total counting efficiency; photopeak efficiency; absolute efficiency; NaI; radiation detector; MCNP; angular response AB This paper presents analytical, Monte Carlo and experimental investigations on the angular response functions to gamma sources of typical cylindrical scintillation detectors. A general analytical approach capable of computing the total counting efficiency of geometrically-simple detectors to isotropic point sources is introduced. MCNP5 calculations are performed for several cylindrical NaI(Tl) detectors with different sizes in order to verify this analytical approach. Photopeak efficiency is also computed based on analytically determined total counting efficiency and MCNP5 calculated peak-to-total ratio. Sets of angular measurements are executed for cylindrical NaI detectors of different sizes using Cs-137 and Co-60 sources with appropriate radioactivity. The three means of determining the angular response functions for the total efficiency and photopeak efficiency give consistent results with less than 5% discrepancy over the measured range. C1 [Klann, Raymond T.; Fink, Charles L.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lou, Qi] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Klann, RT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM klann@anl.gov; qilou@uiuc.edu; clfink@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1224 EP 1228 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356065 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601060 ER PT S AU Hoover, AS Rabin, MW Rudy, CR Tournear, DM Vo, DT Beall, JA Doriese, WB Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Ullom, JN Zink, BL Chesson, KE AF Hoover, A. S. Rabin, M. W. Rudy, C. R. Tournear, D. M. Vo, D. T. Beall, J. A. Doriese, W. B. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Ullom, J. N. Zink, B. L. Chesson, K. E. GP IEEE TI Monte Carlo Studies of High Resolution Microcalorimeter Detectors SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Monte Carlo; simulation; microcalorimeter; gamma-ray AB World record energy resolution (Delta E similar to 25 eV) has recently been demonstrated for soft gamma-ray detectors using small radiation absorbing elements coupled to transition-edge sensors (microcalorimeters). Initial results were obtained with a 1 mm wide by 250 mu m thick Tin absorber. We are proceeding with construction of arrays of sensors and exploring other absorber materials. Monte Carlo tools, e.g. - GEANT4, are useful for exploring the design space and performance expectations for these arrays of microcalorimeters. In this work, we use simulations to quantify some important characteristics of this emerging technology in the hard x- and gamma-ray regime, such as the effective area and effect of absorber material and thickness. We also explore, through simulations, how these detectors might be used in some interesting applications, like passive assay of spent nuclear fuel from x-ray fluorescence. C1 [Hoover, A. S.; Rabin, M. W.; Rudy, C. R.; Tournear, D. M.; Vo, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Ullom, J. N.; Zink, B. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chesson, K. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1268 EP 1272 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356074 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601069 ER PT S AU Wu, JY Wang, M Gottschalk, E Shi, Z AF Wu, Jinyuan Wang, M. Gottschalk, E. Shi, Z. GP IEEE TI Curved Track Segment Finding Using Tiny Triplet Finder (TTF) SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Trigger; Pattern Recognition; Tiny Triplet Finder; TTF; FPGA Firmware ID TRIGGER AB We describe the applications of a track segment recognition scheme called the Tiny Triplet Finder (TTF) that involves the grouping of three hits satisfying a constraint forming of a track segment. The TTF was originally developed solving straight track segment finding problem, however, it is also suitable in many curved track segment finding problems. The examples discussed in this document are among popular detector layouts in high-energy/nuclear physics experiments. Although it is not practical to find a universal recipe for arbitrary detector layouts, the method of the TTF application is illustrated via the discussion of the examples. Generally speaking, whenever the data item to be found in a pattern recognition problem contains two free parameters, and if the constraint connecting the measurements and the two free parameters has an approximate shift invariant property, the Tiny Triplet Finder can be used. C1 [Wu, Jinyuan; Wang, M.; Gottschalk, E.; Shi, Z.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jywu168@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1281 EP 1285 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356077 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601072 ER PT S AU Wu, JY Wang, M Gottschalk, E Shi, Z AF Wu, Jinyuan Wang, M. Gottschalk, E. Shi, Z. GP IEEE TI FPGA Curved Track Fitter With Very Low Resource Usage SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Trigger; Track Fitting; FPGA Firmware; FPGA Computation ID PIXEL TRIGGER AB Standard least-squares curved track fitting process is tailored for FPGA implementation. The coefficients in the fitting matrices are carefully chosen so that only shift and accumulation operations are used in the process. The divisions and full multiplications are eliminated. Comparison in an application example shows that the fitting errors of the low resource usage implementation are less than 4% bigger than the fitting errors of the exact least-squares algorithm. The implementation is suitable for low-cost, low-power applications such as high energy physics detector trigger systems. C1 [Wu, Jinyuan; Wang, M.; Gottschalk, E.; Shi, Z.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM jywu168@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1290 EP 1295 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356079 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601074 ER PT S AU Bhatti, A Canepa, A Casarsa, M Convery, M Cortiana, G Dell'Orso, M Donati, S Flanagan, G Frisch, H Fukun, T Giannetti, P Jones, M Liu, T Lucchesi, D Pagan, S Pantano, D Piendibene, M Ristori, L Rogondino, L Rusu, V Sartori, L Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Zhou, L AF Bhatti, A. Canepa, A. Casarsa, M. Convery, M. Cortiana, G. Dell'Orso, M. Donati, S. Flanagan, G. Frisch, H. Fukun, T. Giannetti, P. Jones, M. Liu, T. Lucchesi, D. Pagan, S. Pantano, D. Piendibene, M. Ristori, L. Rogondino, L. Rusu, V. Sartori, L. Veszpremi, V. Vidal, M. Zhou, L. GP IEEE TI Level-2 calorimeter Trigger Upgrade at CDF SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The CDF RunII Level-2 calorimeter trigger is implemented in hardware and is based on an algorithm used in Run I. This system insured good performance at low luminosity obtained during the Tevatron RunII. However, as the Tevatron instantaneous luminosity increases, the limitations of the current system due to the algorithm start to become clear. In this paper, we will present an upgrade of the Level-2 calorimeter trigger system at CDF. The upgrade is based on the Pulsar board, a general purpose VME board developed at CDF and used for upgrading both the Level-2 tracking and the Level-2 global decision crate. This paper will describe the design, hardware and software implementation, as well as the advantages of this approach over the existing system. C1 [Bhatti, A.; Convery, M.] Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Canepa, A.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Casarsa, M.; Liu, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cortiana, G.; Lucchesi, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Phys, Padua, Italy. [Donati, S.; Giannetti, P.; Piendibene, M.; Ristori, L.; Rogondino, L.; Sartori, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Phys, Pisa, Italy. [Flanagan, G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Frisch, H.; Fukun, T.; Rusu, V.; Zhou, L.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vidal, M.] CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain. RP Bhatti, A (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM paola.giannetti@pi.infn.it; sartori@fnal.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1387 EP 1391 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601094 ER PT S AU Abolins, M Adams, M Adams, T Agulio, E Bagby, L Ban, J Barberis, E Beale, S Benitez, J Biel, J Brock, R Bystricky, J Calvet, D Cihangir, S Cwiok, M Edmunds, D Evans, H Fantasia, C Foglesong, J Green, J Hegeman, J Kehoe, R Laurens, P Le Du, P Johnson, C Lammers, S Mitrevski, J Mulhearn, M Naimuddin, M Padley, BP Parsons, J Pawloski, G Perez, E Renkel, P Roe, A Sippach, W Stone, A Tarte, G Taylor, W Unalan, R Varelas, N Weerts, H Wood, D Zhang, L Zmuda, T AF Abolins, M. Adams, M. Adams, T. Agulio, E. Bagby, L. Ban, J. Barberis, E. Beale, S. Benitez, J. Biel, J. Brock, R. Bystricky, J. Calvet, D. Cihangir, S. Cwiok, M. Edmunds, D. Evans, H. Fantasia, C. Foglesong, J. Green, J. Hegeman, J. Kehoe, R. Laurens, P. Le Du, P. Johnson, C. Lammers, S. Mitrevski, J. Mulhearn, M. Naimuddin, M. Padley, B. P. Parsons, J. Pawloski, G. Perez, E. Renkel, P. Roe, A. Sippach, W. Stone, A. Tarte, G. Taylor, W. Unalan, R. Varelas, N. Weerts, H. Wood, D. Zhang, L. Zmuda, T. GP IEEE TI The New Dempty set Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE IEEEtran; Dzero; Trigger; Calorimeter; Sliding Windows AB With increasing Tevatron luminosity, efficient triggers that meet the bandwidth limitations of the experiment's data acquisition system become more and more difficult to construct. To meet these challenges, the DO experiment has significantly enhanced its triggering capabilities. A major component of this upgrade is a completely re-designed Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger (L1Cal). This new system uses novel architecture and algorithms to maintain acceptable background rejection while preserving or even improving signal efficiency at the highest luminosities foreseen. We describe interesting features of the L1Cal and give highlights from its first few months of operation. C1 [Abolins, M.; Benitez, J.; Biel, J.; Brock, R.; Edmunds, D.; Laurens, P.; Unalan, R.; Weerts, H.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Adams, M.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Adams, T.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Agulio, E.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Bagby, L.; Cihangir, S.; Foglesong, J.; Green, J.; Stone, A.; Zmuda, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Ban, J.; Johnson, C.; Lammers, S.; Mitrevski, J.; Mulhearn, M.; Parsons, J.; Sippach, W.; Zhang, L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Barberis, E.; Fantasia, C.; Wood, D.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA USA. [Beale, S.] Univ York, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bystricky, J.; Calvet, D.; Le Du, P.; Tarte, G.] DAPNIA CEA, Serv Phys Particules, Saclay, France. [Cwiok, M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Evans, H.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Hegeman, J.] NIKHEF H, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Renkel, P.] Southern Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX USA. [Naimuddin, M.] Univ Delhi, Delhi, India. [Padley, B. P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. RP Abolins, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1392 EP 1395 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601095 ER PT S AU Tindall, CS Palaio, NP Ludewigt, BA Holland, SE Larson, DE Curtis, DW McBride, SE Moreau, T Lin, RP Angelopoulos, V AF Tindall, C. S. Palaio, N. P. Ludewigt, B. A. Holland, S. E. Larson, D. E. Curtis, D. W. McBride, S. E. Moreau, T. Lin, R. P. Angelopoulos, V. GP IEEE TI Silicon Detectors for Low Energy Particle Detection SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; PHOTODIODES; ALUMINUM; FABRICATION; FILMS AB Silicon detectors with very thin entrance contacts have been fabricated for use in the IMPACT SupraThermal Electron (STE) instrument on the STEREO mission and for the Solid State Telescopes on the THEMIS mission. The silicon diode detectors were fabricated using a 200 angstrom thick phosphorous doped polysilicon layer that formed the thin entrance window. A 200 angstrom thick aluminum layer was deposited on top of the polysilicon in order to reduce their response to stray light. Energy loss in the entrance contact was about 350 eV for electrons and about 2.3 keV for protons. The highest detector yield was obtained using a process in which the thick polysilicon gettering layer was removed by chemical etching rather than chemical mechanical polishing. C1 [Tindall, C. S.; Palaio, N. P.; Ludewigt, B. A.; Holland, S. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Larson, D. E.; Curtis, D. W.; McBride, S. E.; Moreau, T.; Lin, R. P.; Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lin, R. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tindall, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CSTindall@lbl.gov; NPPalaio@lbl.gov; Bernhard_Ludewigt@lbl.gov; SEHolland@lbl.gov; davin@ssl.berkeley.edu; dwc@ssl.berkeley.edu; mcbride@ssl.berkeley.edu; moreau@ssl.berkeley.edu; rlin@ssl.berkeley.edu; vassilis@ssl.berkeley.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1434 EP 1439 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601104 ER PT S AU Arai, Y Hazumi, M Ikegami, Y Kohriki, T Tajima, O Terada, S Tsuboyama, T Unno, Y Ushiroda, H Ikeda, H Hara, K Ishino, H Kawasaki, T Martin, E Varner, G Tajima, H Ohno, M Fukuda, K Komatsubara, H Ida, J Hayashi, H AF Arai, Y. Hazumi, M. Ikegami, Y. Kohriki, T. Tajima, O. Terada, S. Tsuboyama, T. Unno, Y. Ushiroda, H. Ikeda, H. Hara, K. Ishino, H. Kawasaki, T. Martin, E. Varner, G. Tajima, H. Ohno, M. Fukuda, K. Komatsubara, H. Ida, J. Hayashi, H. GP IEEE TI Monolithic Pixel Detector in a 0.15 mu m SOI Technology SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We describe a new pixel detector development project using a 0.15 mu m fully-depleted CMOS SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) technology. Additional processing steps for creating substrate implants and contacts to form sensor and electrode connections were developed for this SOI process. A diode Test Element Group and several test chips have been fabricated and evaluated. The pixel detectors are successfully operated and first images are taken and sensibility to beta-rays is confirmed. Back gate effects on the top circuits are observed and discussed. C1 [Arai, Y.; Hazumi, M.; Ikegami, Y.; Kohriki, T.; Tajima, O.; Terada, S.; Tsuboyama, T.; Unno, Y.; Ushiroda, H.] High Energy Accelerator Reserach Org KEK, IPNS, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Ikeda, H.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 229, Japan. [Hara, K.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Ishino, H.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Kawasaki, T.] Niigata Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 95021, Japan. [Martin, E.; Varner, G.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Tajima, H.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94307 USA. [Ohno, M.; Fukuda, K.; Komatsubara, H.; Ida, J.; Hayashi, H.] Oki Elect Ind Co Ltd, Hachioji, Tokyo 193, Japan. RP Arai, Y (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Reserach Org KEK, IPNS, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM yasuo.arai@kek.jp NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1440 EP 1444 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.354171 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601105 ER PT S AU Li, Z Chen, W Guo, YH Lissauer, D Lynn, D Radeka, V Lozano, M Pellegrini, G AF Li, Z. Chen, W. Guo, Y. H. Lissauer, D. Lynn, D. Radeka, V. Lozano, M. Pellegrini, G. GP IEEE TI Development of New 3d Si Detectors at BNL and CNM SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB New 3d Si detector structures have been proposed by BNL at the end of 2005. Different from the traditional planar Si detector technology, 3d detector technology places p(+) and n(+) electrodes vertically through the entire detector thickness, thus involves 3-demensional processing. Our new 3d structures have a number of new feature either in configuration and/or in processing: 1) electrodes are etched not all the way through the detector thickness to ensure a simple, true one-sided processing; 2) single electrode columns (p(+) or n(+)) are etched and doped, with the other type of columns (n(+) or p(+)) planar implanted; and 3) stripixel electrode configuration can be arranged to get 2d position sensitive strip-like detectors with single-sided processing. The processing of the first prototype detectors batch of the new 3d detectors with single column (n(+) column on p-type substrate) has begun. n(+) columns have been etched by CNM of Barcelona, and BNL has just finished the remaining planar processing. Electrical test results on the test stripixel structures as well as on the stripixel detectors are good. Processing and device simulations have been made on these new 3d Si detectors. C1 [Li, Z.; Chen, W.; Guo, Y. H.; Lissauer, D.; Lynn, D.; Radeka, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lozano, M.; Pellegrini, G.] Univ Barcelona, Natl Ctr Microelect, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has been supported in part by the US Department of Energy, contract No.: DE-AC02-98CH10886, and it is within the framework CERN RD50 collaboration. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1445 EP 1451 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601106 ER PT S AU Baker, K Ely, RP Gilchriese, M Haber, C Kierstad, J Li, Z Lissauer, D Lynn, D McFarlane, K Miller, W Semertzidis, Y Tuononen, A Villani, G Weber, M AF Baker, K. Ely, R. P. Gilchriese, M. Haber, C. Kierstad, J. Li, Z. Lissauer, D. Lynn, D. McFarlane, K. Miller, W. Semertzidis, Y. Tuononen, A. Villani, G. Weber, M. GP IEEE TI Development of Large Area Integrated Silicon Tracking Elements for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS; MODULES; DESIGN AB A natural upgrade of the CERN LHC would be to increase the luminosity to 10(35) cm(-2)s(-1). For charged particle tracking at this Super-LHC, all-silicon systems are considered appropriate. For tracking in an upgraded ATLAS detector, outisde a radius of 20 cm, large area integrated elements ("staves") containing silicon strip detectors are under design and development. Each stave would hold of order 30 individual modules and contain integrated electrical services, mechanical support, and cooling. Prototype tests of such staves are reported here including studies of noise, interference, and a comparison of power distribution by parallel and serial current flow. Mechanical design and simulation on full length staves are presented as well. C1 [Baker, K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Kierstad, J.; Li, Z.; Lissauer, D.; Lynn, D.; Semertzidis, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Brookhaven, NY 11975 USA. [McFarlane, K.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Ely, R. P.; Gilchriese, M.; Haber, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, W.] Innovat Technol Inc, Chantilly, VA USA. [Tuononen, A.; Villani, G.; Weber, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Baker, K (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM chhaber@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098.] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Division of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1452 EP 1455 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601107 ER PT S AU Huang, D West, RME Jordan, DV Ferris, KF AF Huang, Deng West, Rogene M. Eichler Jordan, David V. Ferris, Kim F. GP IEEE TI A Method to Optimize the Geometry of Radiation Detectors by Exploiting the Multiphysics Nature of the Simulations SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; CODE AB Monte Carlo simulations of radiation detectors invoke computationally-intensive methods, to model a broad range of dynamical physical processes. In this paper, we examine the applicability of a black-box optimization technique, multiple fidelity sequential kriging optimization, as a framework for studying design optimization in systems modeled by multiphysics. The proposed optimization technique is able to combine the results of simulations with varying degree of multiphysical detail in order to reduce the overall computational cost. In this preliminary case study, geometrical parameters of a prototypical HPGe detector are adjusted to maximize the detection efficiency. Microphysics of secondary effects are approximated, rather than explicitly calculated, to generate fast, lower-fidelity simulations. Low-cost and high-cost data are integrated in the optimization method which sequentially searches the parameter space on variable fidelity levels. C1 [Huang, Deng; West, Rogene M. Eichler; Ferris, Kim F.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Jordan, David V.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Radiat Detect & Nuclear Sci Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Huang, D (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM deng.huang@pnl.gov; rogene@pnl.gov; david.jordan@pnl.gov; kim.ferris@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX Manuscript received November 27, 2006. The research described in this paper was conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1473 EP 1479 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601112 ER PT S AU van Loef, EV Higgins, WM Glodo, J Brecher, C Lempicki, A Venkataramani, V Moses, WW Derenzo, SE Shah, KS AF van Loef, Edgar V. Higgins, William M. Glodo, Jarek Brecher, Charles Lempicki, Alex Venkataramani, Venkat Moses, William W. Derenzo, Stephen E. Shah, Kanai S. GP IEEE TI Scintillation Properties of SrHfO3:Ce3+ and BaHfO3:Ce3+ Ceramics SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Ceramics; Cerium compounds; Hafnium compounds; Scintillation detectors AB In this paper we report on the scintillation properties of cerium doped strontium - and barium hafnate. Radioluminescence, pulse height, scintillation decay and timing spectra are presented. Radioluminescence spectra of SrHfO3:Ce3+ and BaHfO3:Ce3+ consist of a broad band due to Ce3+ emission peaking at 410 nm and 400 nm, respectively. The light yield of BaHfO3:Ce3+ and SrHfO3:Ce3+ transparent optical ceramic is approximately 40,000 photons/MeV when compared to a crystal of BGO. The principal decay time constant for SrHfO3:Ce3+ and BaHfO3:Ce3+ is 15 and 16 ns, respectively. A timing resolution of 276 ps ( FWHM) was obtained with transparent optical ceramic of SrHfO3:Ce3+. C1 [van Loef, Edgar V.; Higgins, William M.; Glodo, Jarek; Shah, Kanai S.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Brecher, Charles; Lempicki, Alex] ALEM Assoc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Venkataramani, Venkat] Gen Elect Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Moses, William W.; Derenzo, Stephen E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP van Loef, EV (reprint author), Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM EVanLoef@RMDInc.com; CBrecher@RMDInc.com; venkata@crd.ge.com; WWMoses@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER841] FX Manuscript received November 14, 2006; revised March 26, 2007. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG02-05ER841. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1538 EP 1540 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.354191 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601125 ER PT S AU Bourret-Courchesne, ED Derenzo, SE Weber, MJ AF Bourret-Courchesne, E. D. Derenzo, S. E. Weber, M. J. GP IEEE TI Development of ZnO:Ga as an Ultra-Fast Alpha Particle Detector SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We report on ZnO:Ga to produce a high luminosity, ultra fast alpha detector as a system component that provides associated particle imaging (API) capability to neutron generators. ZnO:Ga has been shown to be well suited as the scintillator screen of the detector. Fast luminescence is observed but its intensity and decay time is strongly dependent on the method used for dopant incorporation. We compare samples made by diffusion of Ga metal to samples doped by solid state reaction with Ga2O3 followed by reduction in hydrogen. The ZnO:Ga prepared with reduction of Ga2O3 has a strong blue photoluminescence and a fast decay of the x-ray excited luminescence. The luminosity of the material increases dramatically at cryogenic temperatures. We also present the results of an alternate low-temperature synthesis that produces luminescent particles with a more uniform size distribution. C1 [Bourret-Courchesne, E. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Derenzo, S. E.; Weber, M. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Bourret-Courchesne, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM EDBourret@lbl.gov; SEDerenzo@lbl.gov; MJWeber@bellsouth.net FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Department of Health and Human Services [R01 EB00339]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, by Public Health Service grant number R01 EB00339 awarded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Department of Health and Human Services and by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1541 EP 1544 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601126 ER PT S AU Benitez, J Bedajanek, I Leith, DWGS Mazaheri, G Ratcliff, B Suzuki, K Schwiening, J Uher, J Va'vra, J AF Benitez, J. Bedajanek, I. Leith, D. W. G. S. Mazaheri, G. Ratcliff, B. Suzuki, K. Schwiening, J. Uher, J. Va'vra, J. GP IEEE TI Development of a Focusing DIRC SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Photodetectors; Cherenkov detectors; RICH ID PHOTON DETECTORS AB Benefiting from the recent introduction of new fast vacuum-based photon detectors with a transit time spread of sigma(TTS)similar to 30-150ps, we are developing a novel RICH detector capable of correcting the chromatic error through good time measurements; we believe that this is the first time such a technique has been demonstrated. We have built and successfully tested a particle identification detector called "Focusing DIRC." The concept of the prototype is based on the BaBar DIRC, with several important improvements: (a) much faster pixelated photon detectors based on Burle MCP-PMTs and Hamamatsu MaPMTs, (b) a focusing mirror which allows the photon detector to be smaller and less sensitive to background in future applications, (c) electronics allowing the measurement of single photon timing to better than sigma similar to 100-200ps, which allows a correction of the chromatic error. The detector was tested in a SLAC 10GeV/c electron test beam. This detector concept could be used for particle identification at Super B-factory, ILC, GlueX, Panda, etc. C1 [Benitez, J.; Bedajanek, I.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Mazaheri, G.; Ratcliff, B.; Suzuki, K.; Schwiening, J.; Uher, J.; Va'vra, J.] SLAC, Particle & Particle Astrophys Div, Stanford, CA USA. RP Va'vra, J (reprint author), SLAC, Particle & Particle Astrophys Div, Stanford, CA USA. EM jjv@slac.stanford.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1550 EP 1556 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601128 ER PT S AU Woody, C Anderson, W Azmoun, B Chi, CY Drees, A Dubey, A Durham, M Fraenkel, Z Harder, J Hemmick, T Hutter, R Jacak, B Kamin, J Kozlov, A Milov, A Naglis, M O'Connor, P Pisani, RP Radeka, V Ravinovich, I Sakaguchi, T Sharma, D Shekhtman, L Sickles, A Stoll, S Tserruya, I Yu, B AF Woody, C. Anderson, W. Azmoun, B. Chi, C. -Y. Drees, A. Dubey, A. Durham, M. Fraenkel, Z. Harder, J. Hemmick, T. Hutter, R. Jacak, B. Kamin, J. Kozlov, A. Milov, A. Naglis, M. O'Connor, P. Pisani, R. P. Radeka, V. Ravinovich, I. Sakaguchi, T. Sharma, D. Shekhtman, L. Sickles, A. Stoll, S. Tserruya, I. Yu, B. GP IEEE TI Prototype Tests and Construction of the Hadron Blind Detector for the PHENIX Experiment SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) has been constructed as part of the detector upgrade program for the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. The HBD is a proximity focused windowless Cherenkov detector operated with pure CF4 that will be used to detect single and double electrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions and provide additional rejection power against Dalitz pairs and photon conversions. The detector consists of a 50 cm long radiator directly coupled to a set of triple GEM detectors equipped with CsI photocathodes to detect UV photons produced by electrons emitting Cherenkov light. A full scale prototype of the HBD was built and tested in order to study its performance under beam conditions. Tests with the prototype demonstrated good separation between electrons and hadrons using pulse height discrimination and cluster size. The final detector has now been constructed and installed in PHENIX and is presently undergoing commissioning in preparation for its first round of data taking during the next heavy ion run at RHIC. Results of the beam test of the prototype, as well as on the construction and initial testing of the final detector, are presented in this paper. C1 [Woody, C.; Azmoun, B.; Milov, A.; Pisani, R. P.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sickles, A.; Stoll, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dubey, A.; Fraenkel, Z.; Kozlov, A.; Naglis, M.; Ravinovich, I.; Sharma, D.; Shekhtman, L.; Tserruya, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. [Harder, J.; O'Connor, P.; Radeka, V.; Yu, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Instrumentat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Anderson, W.; Drees, A.; Durham, M.; Hemmick, T.; Hutter, R.; Jacak, B.; Kamin, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Chi, C. -Y.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Woody, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM woody@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Prime Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1557 EP 1561 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601129 ER PT S AU Porter-Chapman, YD Bourret-Courchesne, E Taylor, SE Weber, MJ Derenzo, SE AF Porter-Chapman, Yetta D. Bourret-Courchesne, Edith Taylor, Scott E. Weber, Marvin J. Derenzo, Stephen E. GP IEEE TI Systematic Search for New Lanthanum Scintillators SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The objective of this work is the discovery of new lanthanum scintillators for ambient-temperature gamma-ray spectroscopy. Increasing the number of known scintillator materials increases the potential for producing crystals with good energy resolution in larger sizes and at lower cost than those currently available. Through solid-state reactions we have synthesized 20 microcrystalline lanthanum samples in undoped form and doped with 1% Ce3+. We used x-ray diffraction to verify the crystal phase, pulsed x-ray excitation to measure the luminosity and decay time of the scintillation light, and optical excitation to measure the emission wavelength. In undoped form, many materials exhibit slow charge transfer emission within polyatomic anionic groups and, in one case, fast core-valence emission. In doped form, the lanthanum oxyhalides (LaOCl, LaOBr and LaOI) and one lanthanum phosphate (CsLa(PO3)(4)) showed bright and fast emission characteristic of cerium activation. C1 [Porter-Chapman, Yetta D.; Bourret-Courchesne, Edith; Taylor, Scott E.; Weber, Marvin J.; Derenzo, Stephen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Derenzo, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sederenzo@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1578 EP 1582 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601134 ER PT S AU Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Sitek, A Boutchko, R Botvinick, EH Huesman, RH AF Reutter, Bryan W. Gullberg, Grant T. Sitek, Arkadiusz Boutchko, Rostyslav Botvinick, Elias H. Huesman, Ronald H. GP IEEE TI Modeling Spatial Smoothness in Fully 3-D SPECT Image Reconstruction Using Multiresolution B-Splines SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID DYNAMIC SPECT; PROJECTIONS AB We investigated the use of B-spline spatial basis functions to model continuous 3-D tracer distributions in cardiac SPECT studies. This approach is motivated by goals of achieving a well-posed image reconstruction problem and computational efficiency. Uniform B-spline basis functions have the noteworthy property that splines having larger spatial support can be composed from a linear combination of splines having smaller support, thus facilitating creation of a multiresolution spatial model. B-splines can be evaluated quickly when calculating projection data models or displaying reconstructed images, and there is no image "blockiness" because B-splines yield a spatially continuous representation. We used trilinear B-splines to reconstruct images for a Tc-99m-sestamibi cardiac SPECT/CT patient study. Attenuation and depth-dependent point response were modeled. Spline coefficients were estimated by minimizing a least-squares criterion by direct matrix inversion. Images were reconstructed with use of (1) more-spatially-compact splines, (2) less-spatially-compact splines, and (3) a multiresolution basis composed of more-compact splines in the heart volume and less-compact splines elsewhere. Image noise was reduced with use of less-compact or multiresolution splines, and the multiresolution basis also yielded good myocardial resolution. Encouraged by these results, we are using multiresolution B-splines to analyze dynamic SPECT data from rest/stress cardiac patient studies. C1 [Reutter, Bryan W.; Gullberg, Grant T.; Sitek, Arkadiusz; Boutchko, Rostyslav; Huesman, Ronald H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Botvinick, Elias H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Reutter, BW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bwreutter@lbl.gov FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services [R01-HL50663, RO-HL71253] FX This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services under grants R01-HL50663 and RO-HL71253. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1757 EP 1761 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601170 ER PT S AU Smith, MF Raylman, RR AF Smith, Mark F. Raylman, Raymond R. GP IEEE TI PEM-PET Image Reconstruction in a Clinically-Relevant Time Frame SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID POSITRON EMISSION MAMMOGRAPHY; LIST-MODE LIKELIHOOD; BREAST-CANCER; EM ALGORITHM; DETECTORS AB A positron emission mammography - positron emission tomography (PEM-PET) system is being constructed for PET guidance of breast core biopsy. The system will have two orthogonal pairs of rotating planar detectors operating in coincidence mode, for which performing fully 3-D image reconstruction in a clinically-relevant time frame is a challenge. This contribution describes a framework for fast list-mode ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) iterative image reconstruction and two additional techniques to speed image reconstruction. First, a novel analytic approach to sensitivity normalization matrix calculation was developed. Second, parallelization was accomplished for sensitivity normalization matrix calculation and the iteration step of OSEM. The algorithm was tested using a Monte Carlo simulation of a 3 minute clinical PEM-PET acquisition for an ellipsoidal breast phantom with spherical tumors. Timing tests were made on two workstations, one with 2 CPUs and one with 4 dual core CPUs (8 effective processors). On the 8 processor system the sensitivity normalization matrix was computed in 21 sec and fully 3-D image reconstruction with this precomputed sensitivity matrix was achieved in 4.6 min. Thus fully 3-D iterative image reconstruction for PEM-PET in a clinical time frame is achievable. C1 [Smith, Mark F.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Raylman, Raymond R.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Radiol, Adv Imag, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Smith, MF (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM mfsmith@jlab.org; rraylman@wvu.edu FU US Department of Energy; National Institutes of Health [R01 CA094196]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX This work was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy and by the National Institutes of Health under grant R01 CA094196. Jefferson Science Associates (JSA) operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 1792 EP 1796 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875601176 ER PT S AU Wu, YB Yang, K Packard, N Fu, L Stickel, J Tran, VH Qi, JY Boone, JM Cherry, SR Badawi, RD AF Wu, Yibao Yang, Kai Packard, Nathan Fu, Lin Stickel, Jennifer Tran, Vi-Hoa Qi, Jinyi Boone, John M. Cherry, Simon R. Badawi, Ramsey D. GP IEEE TI Characteristics of the PET Component of a Dedicated Breast PET/CT Scanner Prototype SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A dedicated breast PET/CT system is being constructed at our institution. In this work, we characterize aspects of the performance of the PET component, and investigate the accuracy of image registration for the PET and CT systems. Energy resolution was determined on a per-crystal basis from a segmented flood image. Reconstructed spatial resolution was determined using a phantom consisting of four point sources at a range of positions. A miniature Derenzo phantom was also imaged for visual inspection of resolution. Data were reconstructed with both FBP and MAP. A registration phantom with fiducial makers was constructed to test image registration accuracy. The overall average energy resolution achieved was 25%. The spatial resolution achieved by FBP reconstruction was 3.8 mm. In the Derenzo phantom experiment, 4.8, 4.0 and 3.2 mm rods were clearly resolved by FBP, and 4.8, 4.0, 3.2 and 2.4 mm were clearly resolved by MAP. The accuracy of registration was measured as 0.30 mm. The results show that PET component of our PET/CT system is yielding reasonable tomographic images, particularly when MAP reconstruction is used. Image registration between the PET and CT systems is effective. C1 [Wu, Yibao; Yang, Kai; Packard, Nathan; Fu, Lin; Qi, Jinyi; Cherry, Simon R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stickel, Jennifer; Boone, John M.; Badawi, Ramsey D.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Tran, Vi-Hoa] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Wu, YB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ybwu@ucdavis.edu FU California Breast Cancer Research Program [11IB-0114] FX This work was supported by California Breast Cancer Research Program under Grant No. 11IB-0114. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2335 EP 2339 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.354382 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602086 ER PT S AU Schlyer, D Vaska, P Tomasi, D Woody, C Solis-Najera, S Southekal, S Rooney, W Pratte, JF Junnarkar, S Stoll, S Purschke, M Park, SJ Master, Z Maramraju, SH Krishnamoorthy, S Kriplani, A Schiffer, W O'Connor, P AF Schlyer, D. Vaska, P. Tomasi, D. Woody, C. Solis-Najera, S. Southekal, S. Rooney, W. Pratte, J-F Junnarkar, S. Stoll, S. Purschke, M. Park, S-J Master, Z. Maramraju, S-H Krishnamoorthy, S. Kriplani, A. Schiffer, W. O'Connor, P. GP IEEE TI Preliminary Studies of a Simultaneous PET/MRI Scanner Based on the RatCAP Small Animal Tomograph SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID SIMULTANEOUS PET; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RESOLUTION; DETECTOR; NMR AB We are developing a scanner that will allow the simultaneous acquisition of high resolution anatomical data using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and quantitative physiological data using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The approach is based on the technology used for the RatCAP conscious small animal PET tomograph which utilizes block detectors consisting of pixelated arrays of LSO crystals read out with matching arrays of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) and a custom-designed ASIC. A version of the detector is being developed that will be constructed out of all non-magnetic materials that can be operated inside the MRI field. We have demonstrated that the PET detector works inside the MRI field using 511 keV gamma rays, and have obtained MRI images with various detector components that show minimal distortion in the MRI image. We plan to improve on the image quality in the future using completely non-magnetic components and by tuning the MRI pulse sequences. The combined result will be a highly compact, low mass PET scanner that can operate inside an MRI magnet without distorting the MRI image, and can be retrofitted into existing MRI instruments. C1 [Schlyer, D.; Vaska, P.; Tomasi, D.; Woody, C.; Pratte, J-F; Junnarkar, S.; Purschke, M.; Park, S-J; O'Connor, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Solis-Najera, S.] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Southekal, S.; Master, Z.; Krishnamoorthy, S.; Kriplani, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Rooney, W.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR USA. RP Schlyer, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM schlyer@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2340 EP 2344 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602087 ER PT S AU Qian, JG Bradley, EL Majewski, S Popov, V Saha, MS Smith, MF Weisenberger, AG Welsh, RE AF Qian, Jianguo Bradley, Eric L. Majewski, Stan Popov, Vladimir Saha, Margaret S. Smith, Mark F. Weisenberger, Andrew G. Welsh, Robert E. GP IEEE TI A Multi-Function Compact Small-Animal Imaging System Incorporating Multipinhole Standard and Helical SPECT and Parallel-Hole SPECT SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); multipinhole; helical; small animal imaging ID PINHOLE SPECT; COLLIMATION; TOMOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; CAMERA AB A small-animal imaging system suitable for SPECT imaging and multipinhole standard/helical SPECT has been designed and constructed. Copper-beryllium parallel-hole collimators suitable for imaging the similar to 35 keV photons from the decay of I-125 have been built and installed to achieve better spatial resolution and to reduce imaging time on our dual-detector array. To further address the limitations in the resolution of parallel-hole SPECT and the sensitivity and limited field of view of single-pinhole SPECT, we have incorporated multipinhole circular/helical SPECT in addition to expanding parallel-hole SPECT capabilities. The pinhole SPECT system is based on a 110 mm circular detector equipped with pixellated NaI(Tl) scintillator (1x1x5mm(3)/pixel). The helical trajectory is accomplished by two stepping motors controlling the rotation of the detector-support gantry and displacement of the animal bed along the axis of rotation of the gantry. Results obtained in SPECT studies of various phantoms show an enlarged field of view, enhanced resolution and improved sensitivity over our earlier results. In particular, improved reconstructed resolution is obtained with the helical pinhole SPECT. Pinhole collimators with one, three and five 1 mm diameter pinholes have been used in these tests. Spatial resolution of 1.26 mm, 1.43 mm and 1.55 mm have been obtained respectively with those collimators. C1 [Qian, Jianguo] Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Bradley, Eric L.; Saha, Margaret S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Biol, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Welsh, Robert E.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Majewski, Stan; Popov, Vladimir; Smith, Mark F.; Weisenberger, Andrew G.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Qian, JG (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM elbrad@wm.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy; U.S.NIH-NIBIB [1 R15 EB000458-02]; U.S. Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy and the U.S.NIH-NIBIB under Grant 1 R15 EB000458-02 and by the U.S. Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2430 EP 2438 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602107 ER PT S AU Vaska, P Woody, C Schlyer, D Radeka, V O'Connor, P Park, SJ Pratte, JF Junnarkar, S Purschke, M Southekal, S Stoll, S Schiffer, W Lee, D Neill, J Wharton, D Myers, N Wiley, S Kandasamy, A Fried, J Krishnamoorthy, S Kriplani, A Maramraju, S Lecomte, R Fontaine, R AF Vaska, P. Woody, C. Schlyer, D. Radeka, V. O'Connor, P. Park, S. -J. Pratte, J. -F. Junnarkar, S. Purschke, M. Southekal, S. Stoll, S. Schiffer, W. Lee, D. Neill, J. Wharton, D. Myers, N. Wiley, S. Kandasamy, A. Fried, J. Krishnamoorthy, S. Kriplani, A. Maramraju, S. Lecomte, R. Fontaine, R. GP IEEE TI Performance Enhancement of the RatCAP Awake Rat Brain PET System SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The first full prototype of the RatCAP PET system, designed to image the brain of a rat while conscious, has been completed. Initial results demonstrated excellent spatial resolution, 1.8 mm FWHM with filtered backprojection and < 1.5 mm FWHM with a Monte Carlo based MLEM method. However, noise equivalent countrate studies indicated the need for better timing to mitigate the effect of randoms. Thus, the front-end ASIC has been redesigned to minimize time walk, an accurate coincidence time alignment method has been implemented, and a variance reduction technique for the randoms is being developed. To maximize the quantitative capabilities required for neuroscience, corrections are being implemented and validated for positron range and photon noncollinearity, scatter (including outside the field of view), attenuation, randoms, and detector efficiency (deadtime is negligible). In addition, a more robust and compact PCI-based optical data acquisition system has been built to replace the original VME-based system while retaining the linux-based data processing and image reconstruction codes. Finally, a number of new animal imaging experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the RatCAP in real imaging situations, including an F-18 fluoride bone scan, a C-11 raclopride scan, and a dynamic C-11 methamphetamine scan. C1 [Vaska, P.; Woody, C.; Schlyer, D.; Radeka, V.; O'Connor, P.; Park, S. -J.; Pratte, J. -F.; Junnarkar, S.; Purschke, M.; Southekal, S.; Stoll, S.; Schiffer, W.; Lee, D.; Neill, J.; Wharton, D.; Myers, N.; Wiley, S.; Kandasamy, A.; Fried, J.; Krishnamoorthy, S.; Kriplani, A.; Maramraju, S.; Lecomte, R.; Fontaine, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Southekal, S.; Lee, D.; Krishnamoorthy, S.; Kriplani, A.; Maramraju, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Neill, J.; Wharton, D.; Myers, N.; Wiley, S.] Long Isl Univ, Brookville, NY USA. [Lecomte, R.; Fontaine, R.] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Vaska, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vaska@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (OBER) under Prime [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (OBER) under Prime Contract No.DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2443 EP 2446 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602109 ER PT S AU Maramraju, S Stoll, S Woody, C Schlyer, D Schiffer, W Lee, D Dewey, S Vaska, P AF Maramraju, S. Stoll, S. Woody, C. Schlyer, D. Schiffer, W. Lee, D. Dewey, S. Vaska, P. GP IEEE TI A LSO Beta Microprobe for Measuring Input Functions for Quantitative Small Animal PET SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID VIVO NEUROPHARMACOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS; INTRACEREBRAL RADIOSENSITIVE PROBE; SMALL LABORATORY-ANIMALS AB A miniature scintillation beta microprobe has been developed to measure the input function in live rodents for use in longitudinal, quantitative PET studies. The probe consists of a small lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal measuring typically 0.3-0.6 mm diameter x 0.5-2 mm in length that is used to directly detect positrons in the blood or tissue. The probe has a sensitivity of 10-40 Hz/mu Ci/cc and is primarily sensitive to short range positrons emitted by labeled radiotracers in the blood. The sensitivity to gamma-ray background can be minimized using a variable threshold in the readout to discriminate between positrons and gammas. The probe was implanted in one of the tail veins of a Sprague-Dawley rat and the input function was measured for the injection of 0.8 mCi of FDG in the other tail vein. The probe exhibits a fast time response that is able to quickly and accurately measure the concentration of F-18 circulating in the bloodstream. Additional tests were also carried out to study the probe's sensitivity to gamma ray background. C1 [Maramraju, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stoll, S.; Woody, C.; Schlyer, D.; Schiffer, W.; Lee, D.; Dewey, S.; Vaska, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Maramraju, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM smaramra@bnl.gov FU U.S Department of Energy (Office of Biological and Environmental Research) under DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute of Health FX This work was supported by the U.S Department of Energy (Office of Biological and Environmental Research) under DOE Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 and National Institute of Health. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2713 EP 2716 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602166 ER PT S AU Southekal, SS Purschke, M Park, SJ Junnarkar, SS Pratte, JF Stoll, SP Schlyer, DJ Woody, CL Vaska, P AF Southekal, Sudeepti S. Purschke, Martin Park, Sang-June Junnarkar, Sachin S. Pratte, Jean-Francois Stoll, Sean P. Schlyer, David J. Woody, Craig L. Vaska, Paul GP IEEE TI Quantitative Image Reconstruction for the RatCAP PET Tomograph SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The RatCAP is a miniaturized, head-mounted PET scanner designed to image the brain of conscious rats. This eliminates the need for anesthesia which is known to severely depress brain function. The small field of view of the RatCAP allows a highly accurate Monte Carlo based system matrix for fully 3D maximum likelihood image reconstruction. A number of issues have been addressed in an attempt to realize the full potential of quantitative imaging with RatCAP, including corrections for detector efficiencies, random coincidences, photon scatter and attenuation. In particular, a new method to correct for scatter originating outside the field of view is presented, which takes advantage of the RatCAP iterative reconstruction framework. Preliminary results show significant qualitative and quantitative improvements in the bias and variance of the data. C1 [Southekal, Sudeepti S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Purschke, Martin; Stoll, Sean P.; Woody, Craig L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Park, Sang-June; Schlyer, David J.; Vaska, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Junnarkar, Sachin S.; Pratte, Jean-Francois] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Instrumentat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Park, Sang-June] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Southekal, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM southekal@bnl.gov FU DOE (OBER) under Prime [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors sincerely acknowledge Dr. Avraham Dilmanian and Vasilios Boronikolas for the use of and assistance with the SkyScan microCT scanner from the Medical Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The authors also thank Dianne E. Lee for her contribution to the project. This work is a collaborative effort between Brookhaven National Lab, and Stony Brook University and the University of Sherbrooke Research is supported by DOE (OBER) under Prime Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2736 EP 2739 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356445 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602171 ER PT S AU Huang, Q Zeng, GL Gullberg, GT AF Huang, Qiu Zeng, Gengsheng L. Gullberg, Grant T. GP IEEE TI An anylytical inversion of the 180 degrees Exponential Radon Transform with a numerical kernel SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; HILBERT TRANSFORM; FORMULA; FULL AB This work presents an inversion algorithm for the exponential Radon transform (ERT) over 180 degrees range of view angles. The algorithm can be applied to two-dimensional parallel beam geometry in single photon emission computed tomography. First the differentiation of the ERT over pi is backprojected. A convolutional relation between this backprojected differentiation and the original image is then established. In order to invert the convolution relation, the least-squares method is utilized to obtain a numerically generated filtering kernel, which readily restores the original image. The advantages of the proposed algorithm are, first, it only requires half the view angles of the conventional inversion algorithm, second, it deals with truncation in ERT data in certain situations, and third, the numerically generated filtering kernel can be pre-calculated and stored for later applications. The algorithm is an analytical approach except for the pre-calculated inverse kernel. C1 [Huang, Qiu; Zeng, Gengsheng L.] Univ Utah, UCAIR, Dept Radiol, 729 Arapeen Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [Gullberg, Grant T.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), Univ Utah, UCAIR, Dept Radiol, 729 Arapeen Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM qhuang@ucair.med.utah.edu; larry@ucair.med.utah.edu; gtgullberg@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health [R21CA100181, R01EB00121]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH 11231] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering and National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under grants R21CA100181 R01EB00121 and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH 11231 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2818 EP 2821 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602189 ER PT S AU Zeng, GSL You, JS Huang, Q Gullberg, GT AF Zeng, Gengsheng L. You, Jiangsjemg Huang, Qiu Gullberg, Grant T. GP IEEE TI Two Finite Inverse Hilbert Transform Formulae for Region-of-Interest Tomography SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; BEAM; BACKPROJECTION AB Recently we published two explicit formulae for finite inverse Hilbert transforms [1]. This paper presents a straightforward proof of the formulae, the data requirements, and some computer simulations to verify the formulae. Examples of region-of-interest (ROI) tomography using truncated projections and the first formula of the finite inverse Hilbert transform are shown. C1 [Zeng, Gengsheng L.] Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, UCAIR, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. [You, Jiangsjemg] Cubic Imaging LLC, Auburndale, MA 02466 USA. [Huang, Qiu] Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Gullberg, Grant T.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zeng, GL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, UCAIR, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM larry@ucair.med.utah.edu; jyou@cubic-imaging.com; qhuang@ucair.med.utah.edu; gtgullberg@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2885 EP 2888 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356479 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602204 ER PT S AU Sitek, A Celler, AM Gullberg, GT AF Sitek, Arkadiusz Celler, Anna M. Gullberg, Grant T. GP IEEE TI Stochastic Discrete Reconstruction (SDR) for Nuclear Medicine Tomographic Systems SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB To address the challenge posted by novel tomographic systems we have designed a stochastic reconstruction method. Our algorithm considers every event separately, therefore the method is ideally suited and designed for reconstruction of data from imaging systems with a large number of line of responses (LORs) that usually yield up to only one event per LORs. SDR is also entirely compatible with reconstruction of unusual geometries such as for time of flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) or Compton aperture imaging. The main idea behind the SDR is to find in the reconstruction area the origin of each of the detected events. In every iteration of the algorithm, the possible origin of each event is changed stochastically according to some predefined transition probability. The reconstruction is considered completed when the system reaches equilibrium. Then, the activity in each voxel is estimated by the current number of events in the voxel normalized by the sensitivity of the system. This approach does not require either projection or backprojection operations as would be the case for standard iterative algorithms. We tested the performance of the new method using 2D computer simulations of standard tomographic parallel geometry. For the reconstructions with a high level of noise, the bias and variance obtained by the SDR reconstructions was in the range of 5-10% which was comparable to the results obtained by maximum likelihood expectation maximization (ML-EM). C1 [Sitek, Arkadiusz] Brigham & Womens Hosp, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gullberg, Grant T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Celler, Anna M.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver Gen Hosp, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Sitek, A (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM asitek@bwh.harvard.edu OI Sitek, Arkadiusz/0000-0002-0677-4002 FU Brigham and Women's Hospital Physician Organization [ROI-HL50663]; NIH; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported in part by the Brigham and Women's Hospital Physician Organization and by grant ROI-HL50663 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2892 EP 2894 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356481 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602206 ER PT S AU Boutchko, R Sitek, A Hu, JC Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Botvinick, EH AF Boutchko, Rostyslav Sitek, Arkadiusz Hu, Jicun Reutter, Bryan W. Gullberg, Grant T. Botvinick, Elias H. GP IEEE TI Quantitative Processing of Cardiac Dynamic Patient Data With Slow Camera Rotation SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID MYOCARDIAL FLOW TRACER; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; RECONSTRUCTION AB A study aimed at the extraction of kinetic information from clinical cardiac SPECT is presented. A dual head SPECT system with high resolution parallel-hole collimators was used for imaging the distribution and kinetics of Tl-201 at rest and Tc-99m-sestamibi at stress in the myocardium of patients. Dynamic acquisition was performed for each pharmaceutical by acquiring 48 tomographic projection sets over a 30 min period. Both the dynamic datasets and the summed dataset were reconstructed using a standard voxelized reconstruction approach and a new point cloud grid multi-resolution representation. ROI analysis was used to extract dynamic information from the scan data acquired 30 seconds or more after the start of acquisition. Since the dynamics of the initial injected bolus are too fast in order to obtain a consistent tomographic data set during the first 36 seconds of the scan, an estimate of the time activity curve for the blood input was obtained by applying factor analysis directly to the projections. Time basis functions and expansion coefficients for each image element in the point cloud representation were estimated from projections using conjugate gradient optimization. C1 [Boutchko, Rostyslav; Reutter, Bryan W.; Gullberg, Grant T.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sitek, Arkadiusz] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Hu, Jicun] Siemens Med Syst Inc, Knoxville, TN USA. [Botvinick, Elias H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Boutchko, R (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RBuchko@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01-HL50663, R01-HL71253]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported in part by grants R01-HL50663 and R01-HL71253 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2933 EP 2935 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875602215 ER PT S AU Popov, V Majewski, S AF Popov, Vladimir Majewski, Stan GP IEEE TI A Compact High Performance Readout Electronics Solution for H9500 Hamamatsu 256 Multianode Photomultiplier Tube for Application in Gamma Cameras SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We have developed a new readout electronics module for 2-D data readout of H9500 256 (16x16) Hamamatsu Photomultiplier Tube. This is a 3.04 x 3.04 mm(2) anode pad pitch size tube with 1.5 mm thick window. This photo tube is most suitable for high resolution gamma cameras, but the large number of anode outputs makes the readout electronics development complicated. The readout electronics solution to be presented is based on the resistors matrix network (V. Popov, US patent No: 6,747,263 B1) [1] which provides decoupling of all 256 anode outputs into a set of 16 X + 16 Y analog outputs, plus it is integrated with anode gain non-uniformity correction circuit [2]. We chose this technique, because it allowed getting a maximum position accuracy performance and significantly reduced the number of analog data acquisition connections. The designed analog circuit uses only standard SMD components, no custom ICs. A small amount of analog outputs allowed to place all electronics components on a small size PCBs and to mount them directly on anode output connectors attached to H9500. This design preserves side-by-side uses of several H9500 PSPMT modules in arrays. We present the results of H9500 readout electronics evaluation in the case of uses of different scintillator pixillated crystal arrays and continuous scintillator crystal. C1 [Popov, Vladimir; Majewski, Stan] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Popov, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM popov@jlab.org; majewski@jlab.org NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 2981 EP 2985 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356501 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603006 ER PT S AU Weisenberger, AG Kross, B Majewski, S Popov, V Smith, MF Tran, VH Welch, B Baba, J Goddard, J Pomper, M Tsui, B AF Weisenberger, A. G. Kross, B. Majewski, S. Popov, V. Smith, M. F. Tran, V. H. Welch, B. Baba, J. Goddard, J. Pomper, M. Tsui, B. GP IEEE TI Instrumentation Development of a SPECT-CT System to Image Awake Mice SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We report on the instrumentation development of a SPECT-CT system being configured at Johns Hopkins University to image the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals in unrestrained, unanesthetized mice. The gantry is a custom built x-ray computed tomography system based on the Siemens MicroCAT II imaging system. The x-ray system is composed of an 80 kVp (max), 40W x-ray source and a 2048 x 3096-pixel detector (5-frames per second readout). The mouse will be anesthetized during the x-ray CT scan. SPECT imaging will be achieved using two low profile gamma cameras, 10 cm x 20 cm in size based on a 2x4 array of Hamamatsu H8500 (8 x 8 anode pads) flat panel position sensitive photomultiplier tubes (PSPMT). A NaI(Tl) scintillator array with 1.2 mm pitch is mounted to the PSPMT array. The front end readout electronics combine the anode outputs of the PSPMTs of the detector head. The data acquisition system is based on two CAEN 32 channel VME peak sensing analog-digital converter (ADC) modules per detector head to digitize the outputs. An infrared based animal position tracking system will be used to monitor the mouse's head position during a SPECT scan via infrared illuminated markers attached to the mouse's head. The mouse is confined in an infrared transparent burrow at the center of rotation of the gantry. The tracking system is able to track with sub-millimeter accuracy the mouse's head position at 10-15 frames per second. C1 [Weisenberger, A. G.; Kross, B.; Majewski, S.; Popov, V.; Smith, M. F.; Tran, V. H.; Welch, B.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Baba, J.; Goddard, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Pomper, M.; Tsui, B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Weisenberger, AG (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM drew@jlab.org; babajs@ornl.gov; mpomper@jhmi.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05060R23177]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Office of Science through the DOE Medical Imaging program; DOE Office of Nuclear Physics FX The Jefferson Science Associates (JSA) operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05060R23177. Support for this research came from the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Office of Science through the DOE Medical Imaging program and from the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3000 EP 3003 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603011 ER PT S AU Park, SJ Southekal, S Purschke, M Junnarkar, SS Pratte, JF Radeka, V O'Connor, P Stoll, SP Lecomte, R Fontaine, R Woody, CL Schlyer, DJ Vaska, P AF Park, S. -J. Southekal, S. Purschke, M. Junnarkar, S. S. Pratte, J. -F. Radeka, V. O'Connor, P. Stoll, S. P. Lecomte, R. Fontaine, R. Woody, C. L. Schlyer, D. J. Vaska, P. GP IEEE TI Digital Coincidence Processing for the RatCAP Conscious Rat Brain PET Scanner SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE RatCAP; awake rat; offset delay correction; singular value decomposition (SVD) ID HEAD-MOUNTED PET AB The RatCAP has been designed and constructed to image the awake rat brain. In order to maximize system performance, offline digital coincidence data processing algorithms including offset delay correction and prompt and delayed coincidence detection have been developed and validated. With offset delay correction using a singular value decomposition (SVD) technique, overall time resolution was improved from 32.6 ns to 17.6 ns FWHM. The experimental results confirm that the ratio of prompts (or trues) to randoms was improved because a smaller timing window could be used. F-18-fluoride rat bone scan data was reconstructed with our fully 3-D MLEM with a highly accurate detector response model using Monte Carlo simulation. C1 [Park, S. -J.; Purschke, M.; Junnarkar, S. S.; Pratte, J. -F.; Radeka, V.; O'Connor, P.; Stoll, S. P.; Woody, C. L.; Schlyer, D. J.; Vaska, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Southekal, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Lecomte, R.; Fontaine, R.] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ, Canada. RP Park, SJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sjpark@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (OBER) [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (OBER) under Prime Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3045 EP 3048 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603021 ER PT S AU Proffitt, J Hammond, W Majewski, S Popov, V Raylman, RR Weisenberger, AG AF Proffitt, J. Hammond, W. Majewski, S. Popov, V. Raylman, R. R. Weisenberger, A. G. GP IEEE TI Implementation of a High-Rate USB Data Acquisition System for PET and SPECT Imaging SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We made substantial progress with a flexible high-rate USB data acquisition system developed for gamma-ray imaging detectors. Hardware consists of 16-channel data acquisition modules installed on USB carrier boards. One, two, and four-module units were developed. USB data rate was increased to over 30 MB/s and a 16-channel configuration achieved a trigger rate of over 700 kHz. Several high-resolution single-gamma detectors and two high-rate PET detectors were instrumented. The detectors use various configurations of Hamamatsu H8500, H9500, and Burle 85002-800 PSPMTs. System channels were expanded by synchronizing additional acquisition units. A Java client-server system was developed to link acquisition computers over Gigabit Ethernet. A Kmax tool was developed to process and display images during acquisition. C and Java utilities were developed to assist development and diagnostics. C1 [Proffitt, J.; Hammond, W.; Majewski, S.; Popov, V.; Weisenberger, A. G.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Detector & Imaging Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Raylman, R. R.] West Virginia Univ, Ctr Adv Imaging, Dept Radiol, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Proffitt, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Detector & Imaging Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU National Cancer Institute [RO1 CA094196]; US Army Medical and Materiel Command; DOE Office of Nuclear Physics; [DE-AC05-84ER40150] FX The Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-84ER40150. This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute (Grant Number RO1 CA094196), the US Army Medical and Materiel Command, and from the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3063 EP 3067 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.356521 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603026 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, S Stoll, S Purschke, M Pratte, JF Woody, CL Schlyer, DJ O'Connor, P Vaska, P AF Krishnamoorthy, S. Stoll, S. Purschke, M. Pratte, J. -F. Woody, C. L. Schlyer, D. J. O'Connor, P. Vaska, P. GP IEEE TI Noise Optimization and Monte Carlo Simulation of a PET Detector Based on Continuous LSO Crystal and Large-Area APDs SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; SCINTILLATION AB With the ever increasing demands for higher spatial resolution, sensitivity, and reduced cost in PET, various approaches ranging from using finer crystal arrays to using continuous crystals are being pursued. One such gamma-ray detector consisting of a continuous slab of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal coupled to large-area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) on both sides had previously been conceived. Preliminary measurements indicated fair spatial resolution of <3 mm FWHM, but better performance was expected based on an analytical detector model. Studies towards improving and understanding the performance of the detector are a current focus with particular attention to minimizing electronics noise. In order to more realistically predict the performance of the detector as a function of electronic noise levels, a detailed Monte Carlo simulation utilizing DETECT2000 has been developed incorporating the reported light output and intrinsic resolution of the scintillator, the optical photon transport mechanism, the quantum efficiency of the APD, excess noise due to the APD gain process, and electronic noise. Preliminary results indicate that with optimized electronics, the achievable spatial resolution using simple Anger logic should be similar to 1 mm FWHM for interactions at a fixed point in the crystal. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stoll, S.; Purschke, M.; Pratte, J. -F.; Woody, C. L.; Schlyer, D. J.; O'Connor, P.; Vaska, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, S (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM vaska@bnl.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIBIB) [R21 EB001810]; U.S. Department of Energy (OBER) [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIBIB) under grant number R21 EB001810 and the U.S. Department of Energy (OBER) under Prime Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3068 EP 3071 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603027 ER PT S AU Boutchko, R Sitek, A Reutter, BW Gullberg, GT Budinger, TF Schaefer, S Barnett, CA AF Boutchko, Rostyslav Sitek, Arkadiusz Reutter, Bryan W. Gullberg, Grant T. Budinger, Thomas F. Schaefer, Saul Barnett, Charles A. GP IEEE TI Calculation of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction of Abnormal Heart in SPECT SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID MYOCARDIAL-PERFUSION SPECT; GATED SPECT AB A method is presented for calculation of left ventricular ejection fraction from EKG-gated SPECT images. The method is based on analyzing volumes of ellipsoids fitted to points of maximal activity in the ventricular wall for systole and diastole. This approach differs from methods that rely on defining the inner myocardial wall for systole and diastole either automatically or by hand. The proposed method should be applicable to patients with large perfusion defects. Details of the method are shown using gated SPECT studies of two human subjects. C1 [Boutchko, Rostyslav; Reutter, Bryan W.; Gullberg, Grant T.; Budinger, Thomas F.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sitek, Arkadiusz] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schaefer, Saul] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Barnett, Charles A.] Sacrameto VA Med Ctr, Mather, CA 95655 USA. RP Boutchko, R (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS55R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RBuchko@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01-HL50663, R01-HL71253]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported in part by grants R01-HL50663 and R01-HL71253 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3233 EP + DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353697 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603067 ER PT S AU Kriplani, A Schlyer, DJ Vaska, P Stoll, SP Southekal, S Park, SJ Woody, CL Junnarkar, S Pratte, JF AF Kriplani, A. Schlyer, D. J. Vaska, P. Stoll, S. P. Southekal, S. Park, S. J. Woody, C. L. Junnarkar, S. Pratte, J. F. GP IEEE TI Non-invasive and selective measurement of the arterial input function using a PET Wrist Scanner SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL METABOLIC-RATE; BLOOD-FLOW; DETECTOR SYSTEM; MAMMOGRAPHY; ACQUISITION; MONITOR AB Kinetic modeling permits quantification of radiotracer dynamics in tissue by using the amount of radioactivity in blood as an input function to a kinetic model. This usually requires obtaining multiple blood samples during dynamic PET scans. As this procedure is considered a health risk for the patient and medical personnel, a wrist scanner has been devised that can be used to obtain an input function with minimum discomfort to the patient and without drawing arterial blood. A prototype using two detector pairs has been evaluated. The spatial resolution, sensitivity and the masking of the arterial signal by the surrounding wrist tissue radioactivity are determined. The results show that the detector was able to discriminate the arterial and venous flows from each other using planar coincidence images. MicroPET images of the wrist show that the radioactivity from the tissue does not interfere with the arterial signal. Minimization of venous and tissue interference, optimal number and placement of the detectors are being evaluated. The two detector pair prototype was used in a routine PET study. C1 [Kriplani, A.; Southekal, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11970 USA. [Schlyer, D. J.; Vaska, P.; Stoll, S. P.; Park, S. J.; Woody, C. L.; Junnarkar, S.; Pratte, J. F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kriplani, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11970 USA. EM aarti@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy as a collaboration between BNL; State University of New York at Stony Brook; [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy as a collaboration between BNL and the State University of New York at Stony Brook. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3266 EP 3270 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603075 ER PT S AU Luke, PN Amman, M AF Luke, Paul N. Amman, Mark GP IEEE TI Room-Temperature Replacement for Ge Detectors - Are We There Yet? SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; CDZNTE; PERFORMANCE; SPECTROMETERS; TECHNOLOGY AB The search for a semiconductor detector capable of room-temperature operation with similar performance to liquid-nitrogen-cooled Ge detectors has been going on for several decades. The main challenge is in achieving the very high degree of spatial uniformity in the detector response that is needed for high-resolution gamma-ray detection. There exist two distinct paths that one can take to meet this goal. One path is to develop materials with near-perfect charge transport properties similar to that of Ge. This requires materials with high mobilities and lifetimes for both electrons and holes, which means extremely low concentrations of electrically-active and carrier-trapping defects. The other path is to employ special device technologies that can provide a highly uniform detector response given the charge transport properties of existing room-temperature semiconductor materials. Many types of device structures and readout techniques have been proposed and investigated, but only a few have the potential to achieve near-Ge spectral performance. We will discuss the basic material and device requirements, the obtainable performance, the state of the technology, and the challenges of these different approaches. C1 [Luke, Paul N.; Amman, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luke, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnluke@lbl.gov; M_Amman@lbl.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3607 EP 3615 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353778 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603148 ER PT S AU Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Carini, G Cui, Y Kohman, KT Li, L Salomon, MB James, RB AF Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Carini, G. Cui, Y. Kohman, K. T. Li, L. Salomon, M. B. James, R. B. GP IEEE TI Performance-limiting Defects in CdZnTe Detectors SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE CdZnTe; Te inclusions; semiconductor detectors AB We studied the effects of small, <20 mu m, Te inclusions on the energy resolution of CdZnTe gamma-ray detectors using a highly collimated X-ray beam and gamma-rays, and modeled them via a simplified geometrical approach. Previous reports demonstrated that Te inclusions of about a few microns in diameter degraded the charge-transport properties and uniformity of CdZnTe detectors. The goal of this work was to understand the extent to which randomly distributed Te-rich inclusions affect the energy resolution of CZT detectors, and to define new steps to overcome their deleterious effects. We used a phenomenological model, which depends on several adjustable parameters, to reproduce the experimentally measured effects of inclusions on energy resolution. We also were able to bound the materials-related problem and predict the enhancement in performance expected by reducing the size and number of Te inclusions within the crystals. C1 [Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Carini, G.; Cui, Y.; Salomon, M. B.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Li, L.] Yinnel Tech Inc, South Bend, IN 46619 USA. [Kohman, K. T.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM bolotnik@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3622 EP 3628 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353780 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603150 ER PT S AU Chen, H Awadalla, SA Redden, R Bindley, G Bolotnikov, AE Carini, CG James, RB AF Chen, Henry Awadalla, Salah A. Redden, Robert Bindley, Glenn Bolotnikov, A. E. Carini, Camarda G. James, R. B. GP IEEE TI High-Performance, Large-Volume THM CdZnTe Detectors for Medical Imaging and Homeland Security Applications SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID CADMIUM-ZINC TELLURIDE; NUCLEAR RADIATION DETECTORS; DEEP LEVELS; CONTACTS; CDTE; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS; ETCHANTS; SURFACES; GROWTH AB High-quality large single crystals of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (>7 inch(3)) have been consistently produced by the THM (solution growth) method. Various large-volume x-ray and gamma-ray detector configurations fabricated from this THM CZT material have produced detectors with excellent performance. A room-temperature mean energy resolution of 4.3% for a Co-57 source (122 keV) and uniform pixel-to-pixel response have been demonstrated on monolithic 20x20x5 mm(3) pixellated detectors useful for imaging applications. In addition, energy resolution of <1% FWHM @ Cs-137 (662 keV) has been measured on virtual Frisch-Grid 4x4x11 mm(3) devices useful for homeland security applications. Additional characterization techniques such as mu-tau measurements, infrared microscopy, x-ray topography and ODLTS have demonstrated the superior quality of this THM CZT. The results of material characterization measurements and detector tests will be presented. C1 [Chen, Henry; Awadalla, Salah A.; Redden, Robert; Bindley, Glenn] Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. [Bolotnikov, A. E.; Carini, Camarda G.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. EM henry.chen@redlen.com; bolotnik@bnl.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3629 EP 3637 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603151 ER PT S AU Cui, Y Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Carini, GA De Geronimo, G O'Connor, P James, RB Kargar, A Harrison, MJ McGregor, DS AF Cui, Y. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Carini, G. A. De Geronimo, G. O'Connor, P. James, R. B. Kargar, A. Harrison, M. J. McGregor, D. S. GP IEEE TI Readout System for Arrays of Frisch-ring CdZnTe Detectors SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE CdZnTe; Data Acquisition System; Frisch-ring detector ID SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTOR; PERFORMANCE AB Frisch-ring CdZnTe detectors have demonstrated good energy resolution for identifying isotopes, <1% FWHM at 662 keV, and good efficiency for detecting gamma rays. We will fabricate and test at Brookhaven National Laboratory an integrated module of a 64-element array of 6x6x12 mm(3) Frisch-ring detectors, coupled with a readout electronics system. It supports 64 readout channels, and includes front-end electronics, signal processing circuit, USB interface and high-voltage power supply. The data-acquisition software is used to process the data stream, which includes amplitude and timing information for each detected event. This paper describes the design and assembly of the detector modules, readout electronics, and a conceptual prototype system. Some test results are also reported. C1 [Cui, Y.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Carini, G. A.; De Geronimo, G.; O'Connor, P.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kargar, A.; Harrison, M. J.; McGregor, D. S.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Cui, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ycui@bnl.gov; mcgregor@ksu.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3675 EP 3679 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353790 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603160 ER PT S AU De Geronimo, G Carini, G Fried, J Soldner, SA AF De Geronimo, Gianluigi Carini, Gabriella Fried, Jack Soldner, Stephen A. GP IEEE TI Optimizing the Spectral Response from Coplanar-Grid Sensors SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRODES; DETECTORS AB The Coplanar-Grid (CPG) technique applied to CdZnTe (CZT) crystals resulted in efficient and large volume room-temperature gamma-ray detectors. In order to achieve a good spectral response with CPG sensors, some correction of the electron trapping effect must be applied. This is typically done either by reducing the gain of one of the two co-planar grid signals, or by using for each event one additional measurement from the cathode signal. In this work a comparison between four different techniques for electron trapping correction is presented. In addition to the relative gain and the use of the cathode signal, the availability of an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) developed for CPG-CZT sensors allowed the implementation of two other techniques based on the use of the two grids signals only. The experimental results from the four techniques will be presented and briefly discussed. C1 [De Geronimo, Gianluigi; Fried, Jack] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Carini, Gabriella] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Soldner, Stephen A.] Div II VI Inc, EV PRODUCTS, Saxonburg, PA 16056 USA. RP De Geronimo, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This manuscript has been authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher by accepting the manuscript for publi- cation acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non- exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3684 EP 3686 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353792 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603162 ER PT S AU Bitter, ML Broennimann, C Eikenberry, EF Hill, KW Ince-Cushman, A Lee, SG Rice, JE Scott, S AF Bitter, M. L. Broennimann, Ch. Eikenberry, E. F. Hill, K. W. Ince-Cushman, A. Lee, S. G. Rice, J. E. Scott, S. GP IEEE TI Application of PILATUS II Detector Modules for High Resolution X-Ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometers on the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A new type of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for Doppler measurements of the radial profiles of the ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity in tokamak plasmas is presently being developed in a collaboration between various laboratories. The spectrometer will consist of a spherically bent crystal and a two-dimensional position sensitive detector; and it will record temporally and spatially resolved X-ray line spectra from highly-charged ions. The detector must satisfy challenging requirements with respect to count rate and spatial resolution. The paper presents the results from a recent test of a PILATUS II detector module on Alcator C-Mod, which demonstrate that the PILATUS II detector modules will satisfy these requirements. C1 [Bitter, M. L.; Hill, K. W.; Scott, S.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Broennimann, Ch.; Eikenberry, E. F.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Synchrotron Light Source, Villigen, Switzerland. [Ince-Cushman, A.; Rice, J. E.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA USA. [Lee, S. G.] Korea Basic Sci Inst, NFRC, Taejon, South Korea. RP Bitter, ML (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mbitter@pppl.gov; christian.broennimann@psi.ch; aic@psfc.mit.edu; sglee@nfrc.re.kr FU U.S. Department Of Energy [DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073, No.1083] FX This work is being supported by the U.S. Department Of Energy through Contract No. DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073 and Grant No.1083.; . NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3721 EP 3723 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353802 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603172 ER PT S AU Zhang, F He, Z Seifert, CE AF Zhang, Feng He, Zhong Seifert, Carolyn E. GP IEEE TI Three-Dimensional Position Sensitive CdZnTe Detector Array for PNNL SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS; READOUT ELECTRONICS; SPECTROSCOPY AB A new CdZnTe gamma-ray spectrometer system that employs two layers of modular detector arrays is being developed under the collaboration between the University of Michigan and PNNL. Each layer can accommodate up to three by three 3-dimensional position sensitive CdZnTe gamma-ray spectrometers. This array system is based on the newly developed VAS_UM/TAT4 ASIC readout electronics. Each of the nine detector modules consists of a pixellated CdZnTe detector and a VAS_UM/TAT4 ASIC front-end board. Each 1.5x1.5x1.0 cm(3) CdZnTe detector employs an array of 11 by 11 pixellated anodes and a planar cathode. The energy depositions and 3-dimensional positions of individual interactions of each incident gamma ray can be obtained from pulse amplitude, location of each pixel anode and the drift time of electrons. This is the first system that multiple 3-D CdZnTe detector modules can be tiled together to achieve detection volume greater than 40 cm(3). This configuration allows the expansion of detector area to achieve higher detection efficiency while maintaining the excellent energy resolution. Experimental results of individual detectors and the array system are presented and discussed. C1 [Zhang, Feng; He, Zhong] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Seifert, Carolyn E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM zhangf@umich.edu; carolyn.seifert@pnl.gov FU DOE NA-22 office throught PNNL; DOD DTRA FX This work was supported by DOE NA-22 office throught PNNL, and DOD DTRA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3767 EP 3771 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603183 ER PT S AU Campbell, L Gao, F Devanathan, R Xie, YL Peurrung, AJ Webber, WJ AF Campbell, Luke Gao, Fei Devanathan, Ram Xie, Yulong Peurrung, Anthony J. Webber, William J. GP IEEE TI Applications of Monte Carlo Methods to Simulate Gamma Ray Interactions in Si and Ge SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID FANO FACTOR; OXIDIZED SILICON; PAIR PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; ESCAPE DEPTHS; ENERGY; GERMANIUM; ELECTRONS; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION AB A Monte Carlo code is employed to simulate the electron cascade subsequent to a gamma ray interaction in two common semiconductors, silicon and germanium, over the energy range of 50 eV to 2 MeV. The partitioning of the gamma ray energy into the various loss mechanisms determines the performance of the detector, generally parameterized by the average energy to create a charge carrier pair, W, and the intrinsic variance or Fano factor, F. In this work, W and F are found as a function of energy, exhibiting saw-toothed variation at the shell edges and a well defined high energy value well above the K edge. Our calculated results are in agreement with experiment. Valence to conduction interband transitions and plasmon excitations are the dominant source of electron-hole pairs. C1 [Campbell, Luke; Gao, Fei; Devanathan, Ram; Xie, Yulong; Peurrung, Anthony J.; Webber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Campbell, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; Xie, Yulong/O-9322-2016 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Xie, Yulong/0000-0001-5579-482X NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3805 EP 3808 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603191 ER PT S AU Chen, H Awadalla, SA Redden, R Bindley, G Copete, A Hong, J Grindlay, J Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, P AF Chen, Henry Awadalla, Salah A. Redden, Robert Bindley, Glenn Copete, Antonio Hong, Jaesub Grindlay, Jonathan Amman, Mark Lee, Julie S. Luke, Paul GP IEEE TI Gamma Ray Spectroscopy with THM CdZnTe Detectors SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID NUCLEAR RADIATION DETECTORS; CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; COPLANAR ELECTRODES; MATERIAL UNIFORMITY; PRESSURE BRIDGMAN; PERFORMANCE; CONTACTS; SURFACES; ETCHANTS AB Good uniformity in electron transport has been observed on Cd0.9Zn0.1Te crystals grown by the Traveling Heater Method (THM) using alpha-particle measurements. Excellent electron mobility-lifetime products have been measured consistently on the order of 1x10(-2) cm(2)/V. A coplanar-grid detector of size 10x10x5 mm(3) has been fabricated from this material, and it shows an energy resolution of 2.1% FWHM at room temperature for 662 keV gamma rays. Pseudo Frisch-Grid 3x3x5 mm(3) detectors fabricated from THM Cd0.9Zn0.1Te materials routinely exhibit near 1% FWHM @ 662 keV and < 3% FWHM @ 122 keV at room temperature while 4% FWHM at 122 kev has also been measured on 20x20x5 mm(3) monolithic pixellated devices. Other material properties have been characterized using near-IR transmission microscopy, I-V, and Hall measurements. The material shows great potential toward producing large-volume detectors with excellent spectral performance for high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy, with uses in homeland security, nuclear non-proliferation, scientific research, and medical imaging applications. C1 [Chen, Henry; Awadalla, Salah A.; Redden, Robert; Bindley, Glenn] Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. [Copete, Antonio; Hong, Jaesub; Grindlay, Jonathan] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Amman, Mark; Lee, Julie S.; Luke, Paul] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. EM henry.chen@redlen.com; pnluke@lbl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3809 EP 3816 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353822 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603192 ER PT S AU Abbon, P Andriamonje, S Aune, S Besin, D Cazaux, S Dafni, T Decker, T Dogan, BO Duportail, N Fanourakis, G Ribas, EF Lacarra, JG Geralis, T Gros, M Giganon, A Giomataris, I Hill, R Irastorza, IG Kousouris, K Morales, J Papaevangelou, T Pivovaroff, M Riallot, M Armendariz, JR Soufli, R van Bibber, K Zachariadou, K Zaffanela, G AF Abbon, P. Andriamonje, S. Aune, S. Besin, D. Cazaux, S. Dafni, T. Decker, T. Dogan, B. O. Duportail, N. Fanourakis, G. Ribas, E. Ferrer Galan Lacarra, J. Geralis, T. Gros, M. Giganon, A. Giomataris, I. Hill, R. Irastorza, I. G. Kousouris, K. Morales, J. Papaevangelou, T. Pivovaroff, M. Riallot, M. Ruz Armendariz, J. Soufli, R. van Bibber, K. Zachariadou, K. Zaffanela, G. GP IEEE TI Micromegas in CAST and prospects SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; AXION; TELESCOPE; DETECTOR AB A low background Micromegas X-ray detector has been used to search for solar axions in the CAST experiment at CERN. The detector has an active area of 7cm x 7cm, excellent spatial resolution (similar to 70 mu m), and good energy resolution. It is built using low radioactivity materials and the obtained background level is below 5x10(-5) counts/keV/cm(2)/s. The detector is being upgraded for the second phase of the experiment (2006-2007) with a reduced active area. A focusing X-Ray optic and improved shielding will be used to further reduce the background by approximately two orders of magnitude. C1 [Fanourakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Kousouris, K.; Zachariadou, K.] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Phys, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. [Abbon, P.; Andriamonje, S.; Aune, S.; Besin, D.; Cazaux, S.; Duportail, N.; Ribas, E. Ferrer; Gros, M.; Giganon, A.; Giomataris, I.; Irastorza, I. G.; Riallot, M.; Zaffanela, G.] Ctr Etudes Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Decker, T.; Hill, R.; Pivovaroff, M.; Soufli, R.; van Bibber, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. [Dafni, T.] Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Galan Lacarra, J.; Morales, J.; Ruz Armendariz, J.] Univ Zaragoza, Inst Fis Nucl & Altas Energias, Zaragoza 50009, Spain. [Dogan, B. O.] Bogazici Univ, Dept Phys, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. [Papaevangelou, T.] CERN PPE, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Geralis, T (reprint author), NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Phys, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. EM Theodoros.Geralis@cern.ch RI Dafni, Theopisti /J-9646-2012; Pivovaroff, Michael/M-7998-2014; Galan, Javier/F-7986-2016; Papaevangelou, Thomas/G-2482-2016; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012 OI Dafni, Theopisti /0000-0002-8921-910X; Pivovaroff, Michael/0000-0001-6780-6816; Galan, Javier/0000-0001-7529-9834; Papaevangelou, Thomas/0000-0003-2829-9158; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687 FU U. S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-48]; European RTN [HPRN-CT-2002-0029] FX We thank the CERN's technical and scientific personnel for their enormous help on practical matters. We thank also the PANTER personnel for the great support during the tests. We acknowledge support from NSERC (Canada), MSES (Croatia), CEA (France), BMBF (Germany), GSRT (Greece), RFFR (Russia), CICyT (Spain), and NSF (USA). Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48. We also acknowledge support from the European RTN under contract No. HPRN-CT-2002-0029. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3832 EP 3837 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603197 ER PT S AU Azmoun, B Anderson, W Crary, D Durham, J Hemmick, T Kamin, J Karagiorgi, G Kearney, K Keeler, G Kornacki, E Lynch, P Majka, R Rumore, M Simon, F Sinsheimer, J Smirnov, N Surrow, B Woody, C AF Azmoun, B. Anderson, W. Crary, D. Durham, J. Hemmick, T. Kamin, J. Karagiorgi, G. Kearney, K. Keeler, G. Kornacki, E. Lynch, P. Majka, R. Rumore, M. Simon, F. Sinsheimer, J. Smirnov, N. Surrow, B. Woody, C. GP IEEE TI A Study of Gain Stability and Charging Effects in GEM Foils SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A study has been carried out to investigate the gain stability and charging effects in Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs). It was found that the gain of a GEM typically rises after the initial application of high voltage across the foil, but the degree and rate of rise can depend on a variety of different factors. These factors include the geometry of the foil (inner and outer hole diameter), the rate of ionizing radiation applied to the foil, the amount of water content of the operating gas, and possibly various other factors related to the manufacturing process. We have studied GEMs produced by several different manufacturers and compared their gain behavior as a function of time, after applying and removing the high voltage, gain as a function of rate, and the degree of initial charge up as a function of water content in the gas. While GEMs from all manufacturers exhibited an initial charge up to some degree, there was a large variation in this effect between different foils. The ratio of inner to outer hole diameter and the amount of water content in the gas seem to be two principle factors affecting the degree and rate of the initial charge up effect observed in certain foils. C1 [Azmoun, B.; Karagiorgi, G.; Kornacki, E.; Lynch, P.; Rumore, M.; Sinsheimer, J.; Woody, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Simon, F.; Surrow, B.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, England. [Majka, R.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. [Anderson, W.; Durham, J.; Hemmick, T.; Kamin, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Crary, D.; Kearney, K.; Keeler, G.] Tech Etch, Plymouth, Devon, England. RP Azmoun, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM azmoun@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CHI0886] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Prime Contract No. DE-AC02-98CHI0886. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3847 EP 3851 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353830 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603200 ER PT S AU Bowen, SL Yang, Y Wu, Y Cherry, SR Boone, JM Moses, WW Badawi, RD AF Bowen, S. L. Yang, Y. Wu, Y. Cherry, S. R. Boone, J. M. Moses, W. W. Badawi, R. D. GP IEEE TI Monte Carlo Simulation Study of Several Camera Designs for the PET Component of a Dedicated Breast PET/CT Scanner SO 2006 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM CONFERENCE RECORD, VOL 1-6 SE IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium CY OCT 29-NOV 04, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID RECONSTRUCTION AB In this study we used Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the patient imaging performance of a range of camera geometries for the PET portion of a dedicated pendant breast PET/CT system. Performance was assessed by comparing NEC, rates, and scatter fractions for a range of injected FDG activities. The same LSO block detector (9x9 arrays of 3 mm x 3 mm x 20 mm crystals and 3.3 mm pitch) was used to compose a cylindrical, split-ring, five-sided box, and a planar dual-headed system. To simulate the patient an anthropomorphic model was created consisting of the NCAT phantom, volumes acting as the brain and bladder, and one of three CT-derived pendant breast shapes (representative of small, medium, and large volume breasts) appended to the left chest wall, with FDG concentration ratios set to those given by Ramos et al. Systems were modeled with LSO background, dead time effects (256 ns paralysable at the block level, and non-paralysable), a 7.5 ns coincidence time window, and energy window of 350 to 650 keV. The cylindrical scanner gave significantly higher NEC rates across all viable injection activities (similar to 5 to similar to 20 mCi) regardless of the breast size imaged. For the medium sized breast, at an injection activity of 20 mCi, the cylindrical scanner showed a 3-fold gain in NEC rate compared to the dual-headed system (32.4 vs. 10.5 kcps) at the cost of a slightly higher scatter fraction (0.28 vs. 0.24). Additional simulations with an alternative cylindrical scanner system composed of DOI capable detectors (APD front end and PMT back) gave somewhat lower NEC rates compared with the conventional cylindrical design due to a lower effective packing fraction. Based on these results the cylindrical scanner was found the optimal geometry for prone dedicated breast PET/CT imaging. C1 [Bowen, S. L.; Yang, Y.; Wu, Y.; Cherry, S. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Boone, J. M.; Badawi, R. D.] UC DavisMed Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA USA. [Moses, W. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Bowen, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM slbowen@ucdavis.edu FU California Breast Cancer Research Program [11IB-0114] FX This work was supported in part by the California Breast Cancer Research Program under Grant No. 11IB-0114. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3654 BN 978-1-4244-0561-9 J9 IEEE NUCL SCI CONF R PY 2006 BP 3920 EP 3924 DI 10.1109/NSSMIC.2006.353845 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BUC53 UT WOS:000288875603215 ER PT B AU Zhou, N Pierre, JW Trudnowski, D AF Zhou, N. Pierre, J. W. Trudnowski, D. GP IEEE TI A bootstrap method for statistical power system mode estimation and probing signal selection SO 2006 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION. VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, PES DE bootstrap; electromechanical mode; error analysis; Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs); power system dynamic stability; power system parameter estimation ID ELECTROMECHANICAL MODES; IDENTIFICATION METHODS; AMBIENT DATA AB Near real-time measurement-based electromechanical-mode estimation offers considerable potential for many future power-system operation and control strategies. Recent research has investigated the use of low-level Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) probing signals injected into power systems to estimate the low-frequency electromechanical modes. Because of the random nature of a power system, estimating the modes from a single probing experiment is very difficult. Ideally, one would use a Monte-Carlo approach with multiple independent probing experiments resulting in a mode estimation distribution. Then, one could state that the mode is within a region of the complex plane. Unfortunately, conducting multiple probing experiments is prohibitive for most power-system applications. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the mode distribution based on one probing test using a Bootstrap algorithm. The proposed method is applied to both simulation data and actual-system measurement data to illustrate its performance and application. It is demonstrated that the method can provide valuable information to PRN tests and guide future PRN probing signal design and selection. C1 [Zhou, N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pierre, J. W.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Trudnowski, D.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.zhou@pnl.gov; pierre@uwyo.edu; DTrudnowski@mtech.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [00016286]; U.S. Department of Energy; EPSCoR [DE-FG02-03ER46044] FX This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration under grant 00016286, and by the U.S. Department of Energy and EPSCoR under grant DE-FG02-03ER46044. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0177-2 PY 2006 BP 172 EP + DI 10.1109/PSCE.2006.296293 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGH65 UT WOS:000247029800033 ER PT B AU Li, FX Zhang, WJ Tolbert, LA Kueck, JD Rizy, DT AF Li, Fangxing Zhang, Wenjuan Tolbert, Leon A. Kueck, John D. Rizy, D. Tom GP IEEE TI Assessment of the economic benefits from reactive power compensation SO 2006 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION. VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, PES DE economic evaluation; reactive power compensation; transfer capability; optimal power flow ID TRANSFER CAPABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB The U.S. power industry is under great pressure to provide reactive power or Var support. Although it is generally known that there are technical benefits for utilities and industrial customers to provide local reactive power support, a thorough quantitative investigation of the economic benefit is greatly needed. This paper seeks to provide a quantitative approach to evaluate the benefits from local reactive power compensation. This paper investigates the benefits including reduced losses, shifting reactive power flow to real power flow, and increased transfer capability. These benefits are illustrated with a simple two-bus model and then presented with a more complicated model using Optimal Power Flow. Tests are conducted on a system with seven buses in two areas. These simulations show that the economic benefits can be significant, if compared with capacity payment to central generators or power factor penalties applied to utilities. This economic value may give utilities a better understanding of the Var benefits to assist their cost-benefit analysis for Var compensation. In addition, since the economic benefits are significant, this paper suggests that the future reactive power market should consider local Var providers. C1 [Li, Fangxing; Zhang, Wenjuan; Tolbert, Leon A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kueck, John D.; Rizy, D. Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Li, FX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fli6@utk.edu RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013; OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618; Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0177-2 PY 2006 BP 1767 EP + DI 10.1109/PSCE.2006.296180 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGH65 UT WOS:000247029803068 ER PT S AU Du, Z Tolber, LM Chiasson, JN Ozpineci, B Li, H Huang, AQ AF Du, Zhong Tolber, Leon M. Chiasson, John N. Ozpineci, Burak Li, Hui Huang, Alex Q. GP IEEE TI Hybrid cascaded H-bridges multilevel motor drive control for electric vehicles SO 2006 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference (PESC 2006) CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE DE hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter; DC voltage balance control; multilevel motor drive; electric/hybrid electric vehicle application ID HARMONIC ELIMINATION; GENERALIZED TECHNIQUES; THYRISTOR INVERTERS; MODULATION INDEXES; VOLTAGE CONTROL; PWM METHOD; CONVERTERS AB This paper presents a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel motor drive control scheme for electric/hybrid electric vehicles where each phase of a three-phase cascaded multilevel converter can be implemented using only a single DC source and capacitors for the other DC sources. Traditionally, each phase of a three-phase cascaded multilevel converter requires n DC sources for 2n + 1 output voltage levels. In this paper, a scheme is proposed that allows the use of a single DC source as the first DC source with the remaining n - 1 DC sources being capacitors. It is shown that a simple 7-level equal step output voltage switching control can simultaneously maintain the balance of DC voltage levels of the capacitors, eliminate specified low order non-triplen harmonies, and produce a nearly sinusoidal three-phase output voltage. This scheme therefore provides the capability to produce higher voltages at higher speeds (where they are needed) with a low switching frequency method for motor drive application, which has inherent low switching losses and high conversion efficiency. This control scheme especially fits fuel cell electric vehicle motor drive applications and hybrid electric vehicle motor drive applications. C1 [Du, Zhong; Huang, Alex Q.] North Carolina State Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Tolber, Leon M.; Chiasson, John N.] Univ Tennessee, Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Li, Hui] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Du, Z (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM zdu@ncsu.edu; tolbert@utk.edu; chiasson@utk.edu; ozpinecib@ornl.gov; hli@caps.fsu.edu; aqhuang@ncsu.edu RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 978-0-7803-9716-3 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2006 BP 942 EP 947 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFY10 UT WOS:000245402501076 ER PT S AU Bell, PJ Popovic, Z Dyck, CW AF Bell, PJ Popovic, Z Dyck, CW BE Heiter, G TI MEMS-switched class-A-to-E reconfigurable power amplifier SO 2006 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) CY JAN 17-19, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE Commun Soc DE microelectromechanical devices; microwave power amplifiers; multifunctional front-ends ID MATCHING NETWORK AB Reconfigurable microwave power amplifiers are essential components of multifunctional front-ends. This paper discusses the design and demonstration of a MEMS-reconfigurable power amplifier at 10GHz that functions in either a linear class-A mode or a high-efficiency class-E mode. The measured performance is compared to nonreconfigurable class-A and -E amplifiers on the same substrate. The reconfigurable output network is designed such that the decrease in efficiency due to the additional output loss is no more than 5% when compared to a non-reconfigurable circuit. Both modes achieve 20dBm output power, with 24% power-added efficiency and 26.6% drain efficiency at the 1dB compression point in class-A mode. and 49% power-added efficiency and 58.3% drain efficiency in the class-E mode. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM pbell@ieee.org; zoya@colorado.edu; cdyck@sandia.gov FU SandiaCorporation, a Lockheed Martin Company [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by SandiaCorporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the UnitedStates Department of Energy's National Nuclear SecurityAdministration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Theauthors would like to thank Br. Srdjan Pajic from the University of Colorado (now with dBm Engineering), and Dr. Christopher D. Nordquist, Garth Kraus. Isak C. Reines. Franklin Austin, Ray Haltli, Dr. Bernie Jokiel, and Dr. Charles T. Sullivan from Sandia National Laboratories fortheir contributions. discussions and support of this project. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-2958 BN 0-7803-9412-7 J9 IEEE RADIO WIRELESS PY 2006 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1109/RWS.2006.1615140 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BEE59 UT WOS:000236963500062 ER PT B AU Buerger, SP Hogan, N AF Buerger, Stephen P. Hogan, Neville GP IEEE TI Relaxing passivity for human-robot interaction SO 2006 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY OCT 09-13, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, RSJ DE control systems; man-machine systems; Force Control; robots; haptics ID FORCE CONTROL; STABILITY AB Robots for high-force interaction with humans face particular challenges to achieve performance and coupled stability. Because available actuators are unable to provide sufficiently high force density and low impedance, controllers for such machines often attempt to mask the robots' physical dynamics, though this threatens stability. Controlling for passivity, the state-of-the-art means of ensuring coupled stability, inherently limits performance to levels that are often unacceptable. A controller that imposes passivity is compared to a controller designed by a new method that uses limited knowledge of human dynamics to improve performance. Both controllers were implemented on a testbed, and coupled stability and performance were tested. Results show that the new controller can improve both stability and performance. The different structures of the controllers yield key differences in physical behavior, and guidelines are provided to assist in choosing the appropriate approach for specific applications. C1 [Buerger, Stephen P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hogan, Neville] MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Dept Engn Mech, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Buerger, SP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sbuerger@alum.mit.edu; neville@mit.edu FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; Burke Medical Research Institute; National Institutes of Health [RO1-HD37397]; Spinal Cord Injury Board of New York State FX his work was supported in part by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship, by the Burke Medical Research Institute, by the National Institutes of Health grant #RO1-HD37397, and by the Spinal Cord Injury Board of New York State. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0258-8 PY 2006 BP 4570 EP + DI 10.1109/IROS.2006.282161 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BFY57 UT WOS:000245452404112 ER PT S AU Riot, V Coffee, K Gard, E Fergenson, D Ramani, S Steele, P AF Riot, Vincent Coffee, Keith Gard, Eric Fergenson, David Ramani, Shubha Steele, Paul GP IEEE TI DSP-Based dual-polarity mass spectrum pattern recognition for bio-detection SO 2006 IEEE SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of the IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop CY JUL 12-14, 2006 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Boston Sect, Air Force Res Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Air Force Off Sci Res, Off Naval Res ID CLASSIFICATION; PARTICLES AB The Bio-Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (BAMS) instrument analyzes single aerosol particles using a dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectrometer recording simultaneously spectra of thirty to a hundred thousand points on each polarity. We describe here a real-time pattern recognition algorithm developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that has been implemented on a nine Digital Signal Processor (DSP) system from Signatec Incorporated. The algorithm first preprocesses independently the raw time-of-flight data through an adaptive baseline removal routine. The next step consists of a polarity dependent calibration to a mass-to-charge representation, reducing the data to about five hundred to a thousand channels per polarity. The last step is the identification step using a pattern recognition algorithm based on a library of known particle signatures including threat agents and background particles. The identification step includes integrating the two polarities for a final identification determination using a score-based rule tree. This algorithm, operating on multiple channels per-polarity and multiple polarities, is well suited for parallel real-time processing. It has been implemented on the PMP8A from Signatec Incorporated, which is a computer based board that can interface directly to the two one-Giga-Sample digitizers (PDA1000 from Signatec Incorporated) used to record the two polarities of time-of-flight data. By using optimized data separation, pipelining, and parallel processing across the nine DSPs it is possible to achieve a processing speed of up to a thousand particles per seconds, while maintaining the recognition rate observed on a non-real time implementation. This embedded system has allowed the BAMS technology to improve its throughput and therefore its sensitivity while maintaining a large dynamic range (number of channels and two polarities) thus maintaining the systems specificity for bio-detection. C1 [Riot, Vincent; Coffee, Keith; Gard, Eric; Fergenson, David; Ramani, Shubha; Steele, Paul] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Riot, V (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405- Eng-48 UCRL-CONF-220882]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405- Eng-48 UCRL-CONF-220882. This project was also funded in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1551-2282 BN 1-4244-0308-1 J9 PR IEEE SEN ARRAY PY 2006 BP 98 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BFN69 UT WOS:000243341900021 ER PT S AU Datskos, PG Lavrik, NV Sepaniak, MJ Dutta, P AF Datskos, P. G. Lavrik, N. V. Sepaniak, M. J. Dutta, P. GP IEEE TI Chemical sensors based on funstionalized microcantilever arrays SO 2006 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Sensors Conference CY OCT 22-25, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS; CHEMIMECHANICAL TRANSDUCTION; VAPOR DETECTION; FILMS; TECHNOLOGY; COATINGS; NOSE AB Over the past three decades there have been spectacular developments in micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) systems. As a result, an innovative family of chemical and biological sensors has emerged. While MEMS represents a diverse family of designs, devices with simple cantilever configurations are especially attractive as transducers for chemical and biological sensors. In this work we discuss chemical sensors based on cantilever arrays functionalized with synthetic responsive phases. In order to analyze multiplexed responses of the cantilever array, we used an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. This approach allowed us not only to recognize the individual analytes and binary mixtures, but also to determine the concentration of individual components in a mixture. C1 [Datskos, P. G.; Lavrik, N. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Datskos, P. G.; Lavrik, N. V.; Sepaniak, M. J.; Dutta, P.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM datskospg@oml.gov RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 FU DOE under the Laboratory Director's Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; Environmental Management Science Program under DOE [FG07-OIER62718]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences under DOE [FG02-02ER15331]; DAPRA; U.S. Department of Energy by UT-Battelle [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This work was partially supported by DOE under the Laboratory Director's Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This research was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Management Science Program under Grant DOE FG07-OIER62718 and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Grant DOE FG02-02ER15331. Partial support was also provide by DAPRA.the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UT-Battelle under Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-0375-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2006 BP 862 EP + PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BGN28 UT WOS:000248587500216 ER PT S AU Choudhury, A Hesketh, PJ Hu, ZY Thundat, TG AF Choudhury, Arnab Hesketh, Peter J. Hu, Zhiyu Thundat, Thomas G. GP IEEE TI Thermal characterization and temperature control of piezoresistive microcantilevers SO 2006 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Sensors Conference CY OCT 22-25, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Chemical sensing at low detection limits requires temperature control of the measurement platform. Knowledge of heat transfer coefficients (h(eff)) in the domain of operation is essential for such control. Thermal characterization of a piezoresistive microcantilever was performed and h(eff) for steady-state operation were obtained. A finite difference model was used to model behavior at higher frequencies of upto 1 kHz and average h(eff) was estimated. A reduction in h(eff) over steady-state values is seen at higher frequencies. C1 [Choudhury, Arnab; Hesketh, Peter J.] Georgia Inst Technol, GW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hu, Zhiyu; Thundat, Thomas G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Choudhury, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, GW Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM peter.hesketh@me.gatech.edu FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC05- 00OR22725]; DOE offices of Biological and Environmental Research FX Supported by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UTBattelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC05- 00OR22725. Support from the DOE offices of Biological and Environmental Research is gratefully acknowledged. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-0375-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2006 BP 1223 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BGN28 UT WOS:000248587500303 ER PT S AU Ko, H Hong, S Park, H Park, C Jung, J Min, DK Choa, SH Shin, H Lee, H AF Ko, Hyoungsoo Hong, S. Park, H. Park, C. Jung, J. Min, D. -K. Choa, S. H. Shin, H. Lee, H. GP IEEE TI Design Optimization of Scanning Resistive Microscopy (SRM) Probe for Spatial Resolution Improvement SO 2006 IEEE SENSORS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE Sensors Conference CY OCT 22-25, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB We suggest a new design of resistive probe (RP) for spatial resolution improvement by Si tip shape control. The major change of the new design is wedge-like probe formation rather than pyramidal shape, which results in the reduced removal of high doped volume near the slanting surface of probe. Therefore, we could reduce spatial resolution deterioration mainly due to low doped volume of the sloped surface. The newly designed resistive probe (RP) showed about 40 nm transition (which is assumed to be a distance taken signal rising from 10% to 90% of saturation level) in bit writing and reading experiment on the real ferroelectric media, which is a few times improvement compared to the original one. C1 [Ko, Hyoungsoo] Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Nano Device Lab, POB 111, Suwon, South Korea. [Shin, H.] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Materials Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Lee, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ko, H (reprint author), Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Nano Device Lab, POB 111, Suwon, South Korea. EM hyoungsoo.ko@samsung.com RI Hong, Seungbum/B-7708-2009 OI Hong, Seungbum/0000-0002-2667-1983 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4244-0375-2 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2006 BP 1426 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Optics GA BGN28 UT WOS:000248587500355 ER PT S AU Telschow, KL Larson, JD AF Telschow, Ken L. Larson, John D., III GP IEEE TI QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF LATERAL MODE DISPERSION IN FILM BULK ACOUSTIC RESONATORS THROUGH LASER ACOUSTIC IMAGING SO 2006 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5, PROCEEDINGS SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 03-06, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE ID GUIDED-WAVES AB Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators are useful for many signal processing applications. Detailed knowledge of their properties is needed to optimize their design for specific applications. The finite size of these resonators precludes their use in single acoustic modes; rather, multiple wave modes, such as, lateral wave modes are always excited concurrently. In order to determine the contributions of these modes, we have been using a newly developed full-field laser acoustic imaging approach to directly measure their amplitude and phase throughout the resonator. This paper describes new results comparing modeling including both elastic and piezoelectric effects in the active material with imaging measurement of all excited modes. Fourier transformation of the acoustic amplitude and phase displacement images provides a quantitative determination of excited mode amplitude and wavenumber at any frequency. Images combined at several frequencies form a direct visualization of lateral mode excitation and dispersion for the device under test allowing mode identification and comparison with predicted operational properties. Discussion and analysis are presented for modes near the first longitudinal thickness resonance (similar to 900 MHz) in an AIN thin film resonator. Plate wave modeling, taking account of material crystalline orientation, elastic and piezoelectric properties and overlayer metallic films, is discussed in relation to direct image measurements. C1 [Telschow, Ken L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Telschow, KL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 978-1-4244-0201-4 J9 ULTRASON PY 2006 BP 448 EP 451 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2006.98 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BIK54 UT WOS:000260407800106 ER PT S AU Muller, M Tencate, JA Darlin, TW Sutin, A Talmant, M Johnson, P Laugier, P Guyer, RA AF Muller, M. Tencate, J. A. Darlin, T. W. Sutin, A. Talmant, M. Johnson, P. Laugier, P. Guyer, R. A. GP IEEE TI NONLINEAR RESONANT ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY FOR MICRO DAMAGE ASSESSMENT IN HUMAN BONE SO 2006 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-5, PROCEEDINGS SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 03-06, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; FATIGUE MICRODAMAGE; CANCELLOUS BONE; ACCUMULATION AB It has recently been demonstrated that bone micro-damage has a strong influence on bone quality and fracture risk [1]. However, in vivo micro-damage has remained poorly documented due to the lack of non-invasive techniques for its assessment. The aim of this work is to develop a damage assessment technique that could be used in vivo. C1 [Muller, M.; Talmant, M.; Laugier, P.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Imagerie Parametr, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Tencate, J. A.; Darlin, T. W.; Johnson, P.] Univ Calif, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Sutin, A.] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ USA. [Guyer, R. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA USA. RP Muller, M (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Lab Imagerie Parametr, F-75252 Paris 05, France. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 978-1-4244-0201-4 J9 ULTRASON PY 2006 BP 2100 EP + PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Physics GA BIK54 UT WOS:000260407801137 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, Ian BE Nishida, T Klusch, M Sycara, K Yokoo, M Liu, J Wah, B Cheung, W Cheung, YM TI Service-oriented science: Scaling eScience impact - (Abstract) SO 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT AGENT TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology CY DEC 18-22, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Web Intelligence Consortium, ACM, Hong Kong Baptist Univ, IEEE, Microsoft Labs, Salford Syst C1 Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM foster@mcs.aml.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2748-2 PY 2006 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BFZ53 UT WOS:000245650000002 ER PT B AU Foster, I AF Foster, Ian GP IEEE COMPUTER SOC TI Service-oriented science: Scaling eScience impact SO 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEB INTELLIGENCE, (WI 2006 MAIN CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT 2006) CY DEC 18-22, 2006 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, WIC, ACM C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM foster@mcs.anl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-2747-5 PY 2006 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BFY84 UT WOS:000245469500002 ER PT B AU Houle, B Gupta, V Buck, K Hess, HL Donohoe, G Normann, R AF Houle, Bijan Gupta, Vishu Buck, Kevin Hess, Herbert L. Donohoe, Gregory Normann, Randy GP IEEE TI Shared multiplier design of a digital filter on a high-temperature FPGA module SO 2006 IEEE WORKSHOP ON MICROELECTRONICS AND ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IEEE Workshop on Microelectronics and Electron Devices CY APR 14, 2006 CL Boise, ID SP IEEE EDS, Boise Chapter, Boise State Univ, Coll Engn, Electrochem Soc, IEEE EDS Reg 6, IEEE Boise Chapter, Micron Fdn AB This paper outlines the design of a space-efficient digital filter for use in High-Temperature FPGA applications. It presents an implementation of a Butterworth filter design using VHDL: Shared Multiplier. It outlines the main signals and states used in the design. The Shared Multiplier design uses a single multiplier for each multiplication in the equation. The design is the smallest of the three.. The results obtained by implementing the design on a FPGA are also presented. The Shared Multiplier approach is efficient in terms of demand of space on the FPGA. C1 [Houle, Bijan; Gupta, Vishu; Buck, Kevin; Hess, Herbert L.; Donohoe, Gregory] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Normann, Randy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Houle, B (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM houl6492@uidaho.edu; gupt2491@uidaho.edu; kmbuck@mrc.uidaho.edu; hhess@uidaho.edu; donohoe@ece.uidaho.edu; ranorma@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories FX The authors acknowledge Sandia National Laboratories for funding this project. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0373-1 PY 2006 BP 7 EP + DI 10.1109/WMED.2006.1678280 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEQ78 UT WOS:000238974600003 ER PT S AU Beauchamp, MJ Hauck, S Underwood, KD Hemmert, KS AF Beauchamp, Michael J. Hauck, Scott Underwood, Keith D. Hemmert, K. Scott BE Koch, A Leong, P Koch, A TI Architectural modifications to improve floating-point unit efficiency in FPGAS SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Field Programmable and Logic Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications CY AUG 28-30, 2006 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Sch Engn, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc AB FPGAs have reached densities that can implement floating-point applications, but floating-point operations still require a large amount of FPGA resources. One major component of IEEE compliant floating-point computations is variable length shifters. They account for over 30% of a double-precision floating-point adder and 25% of a double-precision multiplier. This paper introduces two alternatives for implementing these shifters. One alternative is a coarse-grained approach: embedding variable length shifters in the FPGA fabric. These units provide significant area savings with a modest clock rate improvement over existing architectures. Another alternative is a fine-grained approach: adding a 4:1 multiplexer inside the slices, in parallel to the LUTs. While providing a more modest area savings, these multiplexers provide a significant boost in clock rate with a small impact on the FPGA fabric. C1 [Beauchamp, Michael J.; Hauck, Scott] Univ Washington, Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Underwood, Keith D.; Hemmert, K. Scott] Scalable Comp Syst, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beauchamp, MJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mjb7@ee.washington.edu; hauck@ee.washington.edu; kdunder@sandia.gov; kshemme@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-1488 BN 978-1-4244-0312-7 J9 I C FIELD PROG LOGIC PY 2006 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BFW14 UT WOS:000245038300075 ER PT B AU Thomsen, L Watts, B Cotton, DV Dastoor, PC AF Thomsen, Lars Watts, Benjamin Cotton, Daniel Vincent Dastoor, Paul Christopher GP IEEE TI PTMS alignment on aluminium oxide SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY JUL 03-07, 2006 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE PTMS; molecular alignment; NEXAFS ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; OSCILLATORY ADSORPTION; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; IRON; PROPYLTRIMETHOXYSILANE; ORGANOSILANES; KINETICS; SI(100) AB This manuscript presents the results of a NEXAFS investigation of the adsorption of n-propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) on aluminium oxide surfaces. Although the NEXAFS measurement unambiguously detects the adsorbed PTMS molecules, no preferential alignment of the PTMS molecules is observed. The absence of molecular alignment of the PTMS molecule is described in terms of a simple model for the packing of the adsorbed PTMS molecules. It is concluded that the PTMS surface coverage it too low for film alignment to occur. This low coverage, along with the short length alkyl chain, means that there is insufficient Van der Waals interaction between the neighbouring propyl chains and hence the surface film is predominantly disordered. C1 [Thomsen, Lars; Cotton, Daniel Vincent; Dastoor, Paul Christopher] Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Watts, Benjamin] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomsen, L (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM lars.thomsen@gmail.com RI Thomsen, Lars/B-3016-2012; DASTOOR, PAUL/G-7189-2013 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0452-0 PY 2006 BP 379 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGO69 UT WOS:000249051500098 ER PT B AU Jensen, K Peng, HB Zettl, A AF Jensen, K. Peng, H. B. Zettl, A. GP IEEE TI Limits of nanomechanical resonators SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY JUL 03-07, 2006 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SYSTEMS AB We have constructed nanotube-based nanomechanical resonators designed to investigate the upper limits of nanomechanical resonator frequency and quality factor. Our ultra-high-frequency resonator relies on abacus-style inertial clamps of metal deposited along the length of the nanotube beam to shorten its effective length and thus raise its resonant frequency. Our high-Q nanoresonator design utilizes the unique telescoping property of multiwalled carbon nanotubes to obtain a pristine surface, which may help reduce dissipation. C1 [Jensen, K.; Peng, H. B.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jensen, K.; Zettl, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Peng, H. B.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, \, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jensen, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Peng, Haibing/G-1273-2012; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Peng, Haibing/0000-0002-9470-9736; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; US National Science Foundation via Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems FX This research was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and by the US National Science Foundation via the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0452-0 PY 2006 BP 679 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGO69 UT WOS:000249051500175 ER PT S AU Strout, MM Kreaseck, B Hovland, PD AF Strout, Michelle Mills Kreaseck, Barbara Hovland, Paul D. BE Feng, WC TI Data-flow analysis for MPI programs SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Columbus, OH SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ DE MPI; data-flow analysis; activity analysis; SPMD; MPI-ICFG ID AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION; EFFICIENT AB Message passing via MPI is widely used in single-program, multiple-data (SPMD) parallel programs. Existing data-flow frameworks do not model the semantics of message-passing SPMD programs, which can result in less precise and even incorrect analysis results. We present a data-flow analysis framework for performing interprocedural analysis of message-passing SPMD programs. The framework is based on the MPI-ICFG representation, which is an interprocedural control-flow graph (ICFG) augmented with communication edges between possible send and receive pairs and partial context sensitivity. We show how to formulate nonseparable data-flow analyses within our framework using reaching constants as a canonical example. We also formulate and provide experimental results for the nonseparable analysis, activity analysis. Activity analysis is a domain-specific analysis used to reduce the computation and storage requirements for automatically differentiated MPI programs. Automatic differentiation is important for application domains such as climate modeling, electronic device simulation, oil reservoir simulation, medical treatment planning and computational economics to name a few. Our experimental results show that using the MPI-ICFG data-flow analysis framework improves the precision of activity analysis and as a result significantly reduces memory requirements for the automatically differentiated versions of a set of parallel benchmarks, including some of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. C1 [Strout, Michelle Mills] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kreaseck, Barbara] La Sierra Univ, Riverside, CA USA. [Hovland, Paul D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Strout, MM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mstrout@cs.colostate.edu; kreaseck@lasierra.edu; hovland@mcs.anl.gov FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. We would like to thank Nathan Tallent and Luis Ramos for their programming efforts that contributed to the results for this paper. We would also like to thank Gail Pieper for proofreading several revisions. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 0-7695-2636-5 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2006 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2006.32 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE80 UT WOS:000241495500019 ER PT S AU Schulz, M de Supinski, BR AF Schulz, Martin de Supinski, Bronis R. BE Feng, WC TI A flexible and dynamic infrastructure for MPI tool interoperability SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Columbus, OH SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ AB The MPI standard provides tool builders with an efficient profiling interface, PMPI. Although many tools have successfully used this interface, it has three major drawbacks: a need to relink the application in order to use a tool; an inability to combine existing tools easily; and a lack of support for tool modularity. These limitations restrict tool flexibility and increase the threshold for using MPI tools. We present p(N)MPI, an infrastructure to load MPI tools dynamically and to chain multiple MPI tools for concurrent use. It works with existing PMPI tools, which can be transparently converted in binary form into loadable (PMPI)-M-N modules, and newly developed tools, which can exploit additional p(N)MPI inter-tool communication services. We show that our implementation achieves our design goals, including ease-of-use and minimal overhead. C1 [Schulz, Martin; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schulz, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schulzn@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov FU University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48 (UCRL-CONF-221608)] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 (UCRL-CONF-221608). NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 0-7695-2636-5 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2006 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2006.6 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE80 UT WOS:000241495500021 ER PT S AU Alam, SR Vetter, JS AF Alam, Sadaf R. Vetter, Jeffrey S. BE Feng, WC TI An analysis of system balance requirements for scientific applications SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Columbus, OH SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ AB Scientific applications are diverse in terms of the resource requirements, and tend to vary significantly from commercial applications. In order to provide sustained performance, a target high performance computing (HPC) platform must offer a balance between CPU performance to memory, interconnect and I/O subsystems performance. We characterize the system balance requirements for two large-scale Office of Science applications, GYRO (fusion simulation) and POP (climate modeling), and develop platform-independent parameterized requirement models. We measure the parallel efficiencies for GYRO and POP on three multiprocessor systems: an SMP cluster (IBM p690), a shared-memory system (SGI Altix) and a vector supercomputer (Cray XI). The higher computational intensity and interconnect bandwidth requirements of GYRO result in higher performance efficiencies on the vector platform. At the same time, small message sizes in POP benefit from low MPI latencies of the shared-memory platform. Overall results confirm system balance requirements that are generated by the requirement models. C1 [Alam, Sadaf R.; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alam, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU Office of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Office of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Batelle, LLC. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royaltyfree license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 0-7695-2636-5 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2006 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2006.21 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE80 UT WOS:000241495500025 ER PT S AU Shan, HZ Qiang, J Strohmaier, E Yelick, K AF Shan, Hongzhang Qiang, Ji Strohmaier, Erich Yelick, Kathy BE Feng, WC TI Performance analysis of a high energy colliding beam simulation code on four HPC architectures SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Columbus, OH SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ AB The high energy colliders are essential to study the inner structure of nuclear and elementary particles. A parallel particle simulation code, BeamBeam3D, has been developed and actively used to model the beam dynamics and to optimize the performance of these colliders. In this paper, we analyzed the performance characteristics of BeamBeam3D on four leading high performance computing architectures, including a massive parallel system, a commodity-based cluster, an advanced vector platform, and a novel architecture focused on low power consumption and high density. We examine how to partition the workload among the processors to effectively use the computing resources, whether these platforms exhibit similar performance bottlenecks and how to address them, whether some platforms perform substantially better than others, and finally, the implications of BeamBeam3D for the design of the next generation supercomputer architectures. C1 [Shan, Hongzhang; Strohmaier, Erich; Yelick, Kathy] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Accelerator & Fus Div, Computat Res Div 1, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, HZ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Accelerator & Fus Div, Computat Res Div 1, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hshan@lbl.gov; jqiang@lbl.gov; estrohmaier@lbl.gov; kayelick@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 0-7695-2636-5 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2006 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE80 UT WOS:000241495500026 ER PT S AU Barker, KJ Pakin, S Kerbyson, DJ AF Barker, Kevin J. Pakin, Scott Kerbyson, Darren J. BE Feng, WC TI A performance model of the Krak hydrodynamics application SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Columbus, OH SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ AB We present an analytic performance model of a large-scale hydrodynamics code developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This modeling work is part of an ongoing effort to develop models and modeling techniques for large-scale codes and systems of interest to Los Alamos and the national laboratory community [3]. Krak [1] comprises over 2 70, 000 lines of source code and is capable of executing on a large number of parallel processors. Developing an accurate model is complicated by the irregular partitioning of input spatial grid cells to processors and the various material properties assigned to each cell. Model development proceeds by separating inter-processor communication from computation and modeling each individually. In addition, several approximations concerning subgrid size, shape, and material composition are made which reduce modeling complexity without adversely impacting prediction accuracy. We validate our model on several spatial grid sizes and processor configurations and demonstrate an accuracy at the largest scale on 512 processors to within a 3% error. C1 [Barker, Kevin J.; Pakin, Scott; Kerbyson, Darren J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, CCS 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barker, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, CCS 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM kjbarker@lanl.gov; pakin@lanl.gov; djk@lanl.gov FU Accelerated Strategic Computing (ASC) program for the Department of Energy; [W-7405-ENG-36.] FX We are grateful to Scott Runnels and Hank Alme of Los Alamos for their assistance in providing the version of Krak and input decks used here. This work was funded in part by the Accelerated Strategic Computing (ASC) program for the Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number W-7405-ENG-36. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 0-7695-2636-5 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2006 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2006.11 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE80 UT WOS:000241495500027 ER PT S AU Buntinas, D Mercier, G Gropp, W AF Buntinas, Darius Mercier, Guillaume Gropp, William BE Feng, WC TI Data transfers between processes in an SMP system: Performance study and application to MPI SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Columbus, OH SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ AB This paper focuses on the transfer of large data in SMP systems. Achieving good performance for intranode communication is critical for developing an efficient communication system, especially in the context of SMP clusters. We evaluate the performance of five transfer mechanisms: shared-memory buffers, message queues, the Ptrace system call, kernel module-based copy, and a high-speed network. We evaluate each mechanism based on latency, bandwidth, its impact on application cache usage, and its suitability to support MPI two-sided and one-sided messages. C1 [Buntinas, Darius; Mercier, Guillaume; Gropp, William] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buntinas, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM buntinas@mcs.anl.gov; mercierg@mcs.anl.gov; gropp@mcs.anl.gov OI Gropp, William/0000-0003-2905-3029 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 0-7695-2636-5 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2006 BP 487 EP 494 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2006.31 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BFE80 UT WOS:000241495500054 ER PT S AU Alexander, DA Ananthan, B Johnson, T Serbo, V AF Alexander, David A. Ananthan, Balamurali Johnson, Tony Serbo, Victor GP IEEE Computer Society TI Framework for interactive parallel dataset analysis on the Grid SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Columbus, OH SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ AB We present a framework for use at a typical Grid site to facilitate custom interactive parallel dataset analysis targeting terabyte-scale dalasets of the type typically produced by large multi-institutional science experiments. We summarize the needs for interactive analysis and show a prototype solution that satisfies those needs. The solution consists of desktop client tool and a set of Web Services that allow scientists to sign onto a Grid site, compose analysis script code to carry out physics analysis on datasets, distribute the code and datasets to worker nodes, collect the results back to the client, and to construct professional-quality visualizations of the results. C1 [Alexander, David A.; Ananthan, Balamurali] Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Johnson, Tony; Serbo, Victor] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Alexander, DA (reprint author), Tech X Corp, 5621 Arapahoe Ave,Suite A, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM alexanda@txcorp.com; bala@txcorp.com; tony_johnson@slac.stanford.edu; serbo@slac.stanford.edu FU D.O.E. under the SBIR [DE-FG03-02ER83556]; Tech-X Corporation FX This project was supported by the D.O.E. under the SBIR Grant DE-FG03-02ER83556 and Tech-X Corporation. We are also grateful to Dr. David Smithe for helping with Figure 5. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 0-7695-2637-3 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2006 BP 419 EP + DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2006.37 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFB82 UT WOS:000240906500052 ER PT S AU Ustemirov, N Sosonkina, M Gordon, MS Schmidt, MW AF Ustemirov, Nurzhan Sosonkina, Masha Gordon, Mark S. Schmidt, Michael W. GP IEEE Computer Society TI Dynamic algorithm selection in parallel GAMESS calculations SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 14-18, 2006 CL Columbus, OH SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, Ohio State Univ AB Applications augmented with adaptive capabilities are becoming common in parallel computing environments which share resources such as main memory, network, or disk I/O. For large-scale scientific applications, dynamic adjustments to a computationally-intensive part may lead to a large pay-off in facilitating efficient execution of the entire application while aiming at avoiding resource contention. Application-specific knowledge, often best revealed during the run-time, is required to initiate and time these adjustments. In particular General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS) used for ab initio molecular quantum chemistry calculations has two different implementations of Self-Consistency Field (SCF) methods, each of which targets either disk I/O or memory. This paper describes a mechanism enabling switching of algorithms during GAMESS run-time and shows the effect of the adaptations on the performance of GAMESS calculations as well as on a parallel GAMESS execution for different resource availability. The test results indicate that, in the presence of I/O resource contention, parallel GAMESS enhanced with adaptive mechanism may sustain the performance similar to that of full resource availability. C1 [Ustemirov, Nurzhan; Sosonkina, Masha] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gordon, Mark S.; Schmidt, Michael W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gordon, Mark S.; Schmidt, Michael W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ustemirov, N (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nurzhan@scl.ameslab.gov; masha@scl.ameslab.gov; mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov; mike@si.fi.ameslab.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-82]; National Science Foundation [NSF/CHE-0535640]; Minnesota Supercomputing Institute; University of Minnesota Duluth FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-82, in part by National Science Foundation under NSF/CHE-0535640 grant, in part by Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and in part by the University of Minnesota Duluth. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 0-7695-2637-3 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2006 BP 489 EP + DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2006.31 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BFB82 UT WOS:000240906500060 ER PT B AU Cole, E AF Cole, Edward I., Jr. GP IEEE TI Laser-based defect localization on integrated circuits SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE International Electron Devices Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting CY DEC 11-13, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cole, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1081,1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM coleei@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0438-4 J9 INT EL DEVICES MEET PY 2006 BP 784 EP 787 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BGI76 UT WOS:000247357700196 ER PT B AU Liu, WN Sun, X Shi, FG AF Liu, W. N. Sun, X. Shi, F. G. GP IEEE TI Optimal design of optical fiber-holding microclips in silicon V-grooves SO 2006 INTERNATIONAL MICROSYSTEMS, PACKAGING, ASSEMBLY CONFERENCE TAIWAN (IMPACT), PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Microsystems Packaging, Assembly Conference CY OCT 18-20, 2006 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Ind Technol Res Inst, IEEE, CPMT C1 [Liu, W. N.; Sun, X.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, K6-08,3180 George Washington Way, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Shi, F. G.] Univ Calif Irvine, OptoElect Packaging & Automat, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Liu, WN (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, K6-08,3180 George Washington Way, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0734-7 PY 2006 BP 53 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BFW27 UT WOS:000245078100012 ER PT S AU Huang, Z Kosterev, D Guttromson, R Nguyen, T AF Huang, Zhenyu Kosterev, Dmitry Guttromson, Ross Nguyen, Tony GP IEEE TI Model validation with hybrid dynamic simulation SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE model validation; hybrid dynamic simulation; synchronized phasor measurements; generator modeling; load modeling; PSLF/PSDS; WAMS AB Model validation has been one of the central topics in power engineering studies for years. As model validation aims at obtaining reasonable models to represent actual behavior of power system components, it has been essential to validate models against actual measurements or known benchmark behavior. System-wide model simulation results can be compared with actual recordings. However, it is difficult to construct a simulation case for a large power system such as the WECC system and to narrow down to problematic models in a large system. Hybrid dynamic simulation with its capability of injecting external signals into dynamic simulation enables rigorous comparison of measurements and simulation in a small subsystem of interest. This paper presents such a model validation methodology with hybrid dynamic simulation. Two application examples on generator and load model validation are presented to show the validity of this model validation methodology. This methodology is further extended for automatic model validation and dichotomous subsystem model validation. A few methods to define model quality indices have been proposed to quantify model error for model validation criteria development. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Kosterev, Dmitry; Guttromson, Ross; Nguyen, Tony] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Huang, Z (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; dnkosterev@bpa.gov; ross.guttromson@pnl.gov; tony.nguyen@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS); Bonneville Power Administration; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was jointly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) and by the Bonneville Power Administration. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 118 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080000024 ER PT S AU Kook, KS McKenzie, KJ Liu, Y Atcitty, S AF Kook, Kyung Soo McKenzie, Keith J. Liu, Yilu Atcitty, Stan GP IEEE TI A study on applications of energy storage for the wind power operation in power systems SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE energy storage system (ESS); wind turbine generator (WTG); wind farm; power system; PSS/E; stability; power flow fluctuation AB Energy Storage System (ESS) has been studied as a high-tech solution for managing power flows from Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), and making them be competitive energy sources without putting power systems at risk. This paper illustrates possible applications of the energy storage for the wind power operating in power systems focusing on its short-duration prospective. Employing a sample power system, the control effect of ESS for suppressing the power flow fluctuation of the wind farm is studied, and the different configurations for connecting ESS to the multiple WTG is also compared. In addition, for the case when the wind power supplies a significant part of the load in the sample power systems, ESS application for mitigating the speed variations of other generators caused by the wind gust is studied. The response of the WTG/ESS to a system disturbance is also studied. This is an ongoing research and all results are preliminary. C1 [Kook, Kyung Soo; McKenzie, Keith J.; Liu, Yilu] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Atcitty, Stan] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kook, KS (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU DOE FX This work was sponsored by the DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability under the Energy Storage Program NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 923 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080001072 ER PT S AU Marnay, C Venkataramanan, G AF Marnay, Chris Venkataramanan, Girl GP IEEE TI Microgrids in the evolving electricity generation and delivery infrastructure SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE distributed generation; power system operation; power system reliability; electric power quality; power system economics AB The legacy paradigm for electricity service in most of the electrified world today is based on the centralized generation-transmission-distribution infrastructure that evolved under a regulated environment. More recently, a quest for effective economic investments, responsive markets, and sensitivity to the availability of resources, has led to various degrees of deregulation and unbundling of services. In this context, a new paradigm is emerging wherein electricity generation is intimately embedded with the load in microgrids. Development and decay of the familiar macrogrid is discussed. Three salient features of microgrids are examined to suggest that cohabitation of micro and macro grids is desirable, and that overall energy efficiency can be increased, while power is delivered to loads at appropriate levels of quality. C1 [Marnay, Chris] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marnay, C (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM C_Mamay@lbl.gov; giri@engr.wisc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Assistant Secretary of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of Distributed Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; This work described in this paper was funded by the Assistant Secretary of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Distributed Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Prior contributions to microgrid research by many colleagues at Berkeley Lab and within the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions have provided much of the inspiration, and Kristina Hamachi LaCommare and Nan Zhou have provided research assistance with the preparation of the paper. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 1082 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080001100 ER PT S AU Chassin, DP Armstrong, PR Chavarria-Miranda, DG Guttromson, RT AF Chassin, David P. Armstrong, Peter R. Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel G. Guttromson, Ross T. GP IEEE TI Gauss-Seidel accelerated: Implementing flow solvers on field programmable gate arrays SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE power flow; Gauss-Seidel method; field programmable gate arrays AB Non-linear steady-state power flow solvers have typically relied on the Newton-Raphson method to efficiently compute solutions on today's computer systems. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices, which have recently been integrated into high-performance computers by major computer system vendors, offer an opportunity to significantly increase the performance of power flow solvers. However, only some algorithms are suitable for an FPGA implementation. The Gauss-Seidel (GS) method of solving the AC power flow problem is an excellent example of such an opportunity. In this paper we discuss algorithmic design considerations, optimization, implementation, and performance results of the implementation of the Gauss-Seidel method running on a Silicon Graphics Inc. Altix-350 computer equipped with a Xilinx Virtex II 6000 FPGA. C1 [Chassin, David P.; Armstrong, Peter R.; Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel G.; Guttromson, Ross T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chassin, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.chassin@pnl.gov; peter.armstrong@pnl.gov; daniel.chavarria@pnl.gov; ross.guttromson@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under the Energy Systems Transformation Initiative; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-ACO5-76RL01830] FX This work was funded by U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under the Energy Systems Transformation Initiative. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-ACO5-76RL01830. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 1414 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080001177 ER PT S AU Nieplocha, J Marquez, A Tipparaju, V Chavarria-Miranda, D Guttromson, R Huang, H AF Nieplocha, J. Marquez, A. Tipparaju, V. Chavarria-Miranda, D. Guttromson, R. Huang, H. GP IEEE TI Towards efficient power system state estimators on shared memory computers SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE power system state estimation; least squares methods; LU methods; conjugate gradient methods; parallel processing; shared memory systems AB We are investigating the effectiveness of parallel weighted- least-square (WLS) state estimation solvers on shared-memory parallel computers. Shared-memory parallel architectures are rapidly becoming ubiquitous due to the advent of multi-core processors. In the current evaluation, we are using an LU-based solver as well as a Conjugate Gradient (CG)-based solver for a 1177-bus system. In lieu of a very wide multi-core system we evaluate the effectiveness of the solvers on an SGI Altix system on up to 32 processors. On this platform, as expected, the shared memory implementation (pthreads) of the LU solver was found to be more efficient than the MPI version. Our implementation of the CG solver scales and performs significantly better than the state-of-the-art implementation of the LU solver: with CG we can solve the problem 4.75 times faster than using LU. These findings indicate that CG algorithms should be quite effective on multicore processors. C1 [Nieplocha, J.; Marquez, A.; Tipparaju, V.; Chavarria-Miranda, D.; Guttromson, R.; Huang, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nieplocha, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 1435 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080001181 ER PT S AU Kroposki, B Pink, C DeBlasio, R Thomas, H Simoes, M Sen, PK AF Kroposki, Benjamin Pink, Christopher DeBlasio, Richard Thomas, Holly Simoes, Marcelo Sen, P. K. GP IEEE TI Benefits of power electronic interfaces for distributed energy systems SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE distributed energy; distributed generation; fault current; interconnection; interface; inverter; microgrid; power electronics; power quality AB Optimization of overall electrical system performance is important for the long-term economic viability of distributed energy (DE) systems. With the increasing use of DE systems in industry and its technological advancement, it is becoming more important to understand the integration of these systems with the electric power systems. New markets and benefits for distributed energy applications include the ability to provide ancillary services, improve energy efficiency, enhance power system reliability, and allow customer choice. Advanced power electronic (PE) interfaces will allow DE systems to provide increased functionality through improved power quality and voltage/VAR support, increase electrical system compatibility by reducing the fault contributions, and flexibility in operations with various other DE sources, while reducing overall interconnection costs. This paper will examine the system integration and optimization issues associated with DE systems and show the benefits of using PE interfaces for such applications. C1 [Kroposki, Benjamin; Pink, Christopher; DeBlasio, Richard; Thomas, Holly] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Simoes, Marcelo; Sen, P. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM benjamin_kroposki@nrel.gov; christopher_pink@nrel.gov; richard_deblasio@nrel.gov; holly_thomas@nrel.gov; msimoes@mines.cdu; psen@nines.edu FU Department of Energy under MRI [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; California Energy Commission under Technology Partnership [500-03-011]; NSF Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) FX This work was supported at NREL by the Department of Energy under MRI Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 and by the California Energy Commission under Technology Partnership Agreement No. 500-03-011. Drs. Simoes and Sen would like to acknowledge the NSF Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) for supporting this work. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 1675 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080002029 ER PT S AU Dagle, J AF Dagle, Jeff GP IEEE TI "Partial panel" operator training: Advanced simulator training to enhance situational awareness in off-normal situations SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc AB On August 14, 2003, the largest blackout in the history of the North American electricity grid occurred. The four root causes identified by the blackout investigation team were inadequate system understanding, inadequate situational awareness, inadequate tree trimming, and inadequate reliability coordinator diagnostic support. Three of these four root causes can be attributed to deficiencies in training, communication, and the tools used by the control room operators. Using the issues revealed in the August 14, 2003 blackout, and addressing concerns associated with the security of control systems, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) developed a hands-on training curriculum that utilizes a dispatcher training simulator to evoke loss of situational awareness by the dispatcher. PNNL performed novel changes to the dispatcher training software in order to accomplish this training. This presentation will describe a vision for a future training environment that will incorporate hands-on training with a dispatcher training simulator in a realistic environment to train operators to recognize and respond to cyber security issues associated with their control systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dagle, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 2385 EP 2386 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080002162 ER PT S AU Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP Ellis, A Mechenbier, J Hochheimer, J Young, R Miller, N Delmerico, R Zavadil, R Smith, JC AF Muljadi, E. Butterfield, C. P. Ellis, A. Mechenbier, J. Hochheimer, J. Young, R. Miller, N. Delmerico, R. Zavadil, R. Smith, J. C. GP IEEE TI Equivalencing the collector system of a large wind power plant SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE wind turbine; wind farm; wind power plant; wind energy; aggregation; equivalence; distribution network; collector system; power systems; renewable energy AB As the size and number of wind power plants (also called wind farms) increases, power system planners will need to study their impact on the power system in more detail. As the level of wind power penetration into the grid increases, the transmission system integration requirements will become more critical [1-2]. A very large wind power plant may contain hundreds of megawatt-size wind turbines. These turbines are interconnected by an intricate collector system. While the impact of individual turbines on the larger power system network is minimal, collectively, wind turbines can have a significant impact on the power systems during a severe disturbance such as a nearby fault. Since it is not practical to represent all individual wind turbines to conduct simulations, a simplified equivalent representation is required. This paper focuses on our effort to develop an equivalent representation of a wind power plant collector system for power system planning studies. The layout of the wind power plant, the size and type of conductors used, and the method of delivery (overhead or buried cables) all influence the performance of the collector system inside the wind power plant. Our effort to develop an equivalent representation of the collector system for wind power plants is an attempt to simplify power system modeling for future developments or planned expansions of wind power plants. Although we use a specific large wind power plant as a case study, the concept is applicable for any type of wind power plant. C1 [Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ellis, A.; Mechenbier, J.] Public Serv Co New Mexico, Alvarado Square, MS USA. [Ellis, A.; Mechenbier, J.] Public Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87158 USA. [Hochheimer, J.; Young, R.] FPL Energy LLC, Juno Beach, FL 33408 USA. [Miller, N.; Delmerico, R.] Gen Elect Int Inc, Schenectady, NY 12345 USA. [Zavadil, R.; Smith, J. C.] Util Wind Interest Grp, Reston, VA 20191 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Public Service Company of New Mexico; FPL Energy; General Electric and Utility Wind Interest Group (UWIG) FX We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Public Service Company of New Mexico, FPL Energy, General Electric and Utility Wind Interest Group (UWIG). We also thank William Price from General Electric International Inc., for help and discussions during the development of this project. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 3653 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080004029 ER PT S AU Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP Chacon, J Romanowitz, H AF Muljadi, E. Butterfield, C. P. Chacon, J. Romanowitz, H. GP IEEE TI Power quality aspects in a wind power plant SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE wind turbine; wind farm; wind power plant; power quality; wind energy; aggregation; power systems; renewable energy; reactive power compensation; self-excitation; harmonics AB Like conventional power plants, wind power plants must provide the power quality required to ensure the stability and reliability of the power system it is connected to and to satisfy the customers connected to the same grid. When wind energy development began, wind power plants were very small, ranging in size from: under one megawatt to tens megawatts with less than 100 turbines in each plant. Thus, the impact of wind power plant on the grid was very small, and any disturbance within or created by the plant was considered to be in the noise level. In the past 30 years, the size of wind turbines and the size of wind power plants have increased significantly. Notably, in Tehachapi, California, the amount of wind power generation has surpassed the infrastructure for which it was designed. At the same time, the lack of rules, standards, and regulations during early wind development has proven to be an increasing threat to the stability and power quality of the grid connected to a wind power plant. Fortunately, many new wind power plants are equipped with state of the art technology, which enables them to provide good service while producing clean power for the grid. The advances in power electronics have allowed many power system applications to become more flexible and to accomplish smoother regulation. Applications such as reactive power compensation, static transfer switches, energy storage, and variable-speed generations are commonly found in modern wind power plants. Although many operational aspects affect wind power plant operation, this paper, focuses on power quality. Because a wind power plant is connected to the grid, it is very important to understand the sources of disturbances that affect the power quality. In general, the voltage and frequency must be kept as stable as possible. The voltage and current distortions created by harmonics will also be discussed in this paper as will self-excitation, which may occur in a wind power plant due to loss of line. C1 [Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C. P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Chacon, J.] So Calif Edison Co, Rosemead, CA 91770 USA. [Romanowitz, H.] Oak Creek Energy Syst Inc, Mojave, CA 93501 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Creek Energy, and Southern California Edison FX We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Creek Energy, and Southern California Edison. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 3731 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080004044 ER PT S AU Nichols, DK Stevens, J Lasseter, RH Eto, JH Vollkommer, HT AF Nichols, David K. Stevens, John Lasseter, Robert H. Eto, Josenh H. Vollkommer, Harry T. GP IEEE TI Validation of the CERTS microgrid Concept the CEC/CERTS microgrid testbed SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE distributed generation; distributed resource; islanding; microgrid; microturbine AB The development of test plans to validate the CERTS Microgrid concept is discussed, including the status of a testbed. Increased application of Distributed Energy Resources on the Distribution system has the potential to improve performance, lower operational costs and create value. Microgrids have the potential to deliver these high value benefits. This presentation will focus on operational characteristics of the CERTS microgrid, the partners in the project and the status of the CEC/CERTS microgrid testbed. C1 [Nichols, David K.; Vollkommer, Harry T.] Amer Elect Power Co, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Stevens, John] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lasseter, Robert H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Eto, Josenh H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 04720 USA. RP Nichols, DK (reprint author), Amer Elect Power Co, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM david.nichols@rolls-royce.com; jwsteve@sandia.gov; lasseter@engr.wisc.edu; jheto@lbl.gov; HVOLLKOM@columbus.rr.com FU California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program [500-03-024] FX The reported work is coordinated by the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions and funded by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program under contract 500-03-024. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 3763 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080004049 ER PT S AU Zhou, N Pierre, JW Trudnowski, D AF Zhou, N. Pierre, J. W. Trudnowski, D. GP IEEE TI A bootstrap method for statistical power system mode estimation and probing signal selection SO 2006 POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the Power-Engineering-Society CY JUN 18-22, 2006 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Power Engn Soc DE bootstrap; electromechanical mode; error analysis; Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs); power system dynamic stability; power system parameter estimation ID ELECTROMECHANICAL MODES; IDENTIFICATION METHODS; AMBIENT DATA AB Near real-time measurement-based electromechanical-mode estimation offers considerable potential for many future power-system operation and control strategies. Recent research has investigated the use of low-level Pseudo Random Noise (PRN) probing signals injected into power systems to estimate the low-frequency electromechanical modes. Because of the random nature of a power system, estimating the modes from a single probing experiment is very difficult. Ideally, one would use a Monte-Carlo approach with multiple independent probing experiments resulting in a mode estimation distribution. Then, one could state that the mode is within a region of the complex plane. Unfortunately, conducting multiple probing experiments is prohibitive for most power-system applications. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the mode distribution based on one probing test using a Bootstrap algorithm. The proposed method is applied to both simulation data and actual-system measurement data to illustrate its performance and application. It is demonstrated that the method can provide valuable information to PRN tests and guide future PRN probing signal design and selection. C1 [Zhou, N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pierre, J. W.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Trudnowski, D.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.zhou@pnl.gov; pierre@uwyo.edu; DTrudnowski@mtech.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [00016286]; U.S. Department of Energy; EPSCoR [DE-FG02-03ER46044] FX This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration under grant 00016286 and by the U.S. Department of Energy and EPSCoR under grant DE-FG02-03ER46044. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-0492-6 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2006 BP 4120 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGH99 UT WOS:000247080004107 ER PT B AU Narumanchi, S Troshko, A Hassani, V Bharathan, D AF Narumanchi, Sreekant Troshko, Andrey Hassani, Vahab Bharathan, Desikan GP IEEE TI Numerical simulations of boiling jet impingement cooling in power electronics SO 2006 PROCEEDINGS 10TH INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, CPMT, Heat Transfer Div K 16, ASME, Elect & Photon Packaging Div DE boiling; power electronics; numerical simulations; CFD; IGBTs ID CRITICAL HEAT-FLUX; IMPINGING JET; DIELECTRIC LIQUID; BUBBLE-GROWTH; WATER-JET; PART I; DISK; FLOW; COMPUTATIONS; BURNOUT AB Boiling jet impingement cooling is currently being explored to cool power electronics components. In hybrid vehicles, inverters are used for DC-AC conversion. These inverters involve a number of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), which are used as on/off switches. The heat dissipated in these transistors can result in heat fluxes of up to 200 W/cm(2), which makes the thermal management problem quite important. In this paper, turbulent jet impingement involving nucleate boiling is explored numerically. The framework for these computations is the CFD code FLUENT. For nucleate boiling, the Eulerian multiphase model is used. A mechanistic model of nucleate boiling is implemented in a user-defined function (UDF) in FLUENT. The numerical results for boiling water jets (submerged) are validated against existing experimental data in the literature. Some representative IGBT package simulations that use R134a as the cooling fluid are also presented. C1 [Narumanchi, Sreekant; Hassani, Vahab; Bharathan, Desikan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Troshko, Andrey] Fluent Inc, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Narumanchi, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sreekant_narumanchi@nrel.gov OI Narumanchi, Sreekant/0000-0001-5337-6069 FU U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR Program FX We acknowledge the support and funding provided by Susan Rogers, the program manager for the advanced power electronics and electric machines project under the U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR Program. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9523-7 PY 2006 BP 204 EP + PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BFP48 UT WOS:000243624500028 ER PT S AU Bott, TF Eisenhawer, SW AF Bott, Terry F. Eisenhawer, Stephen W. GP IEEE TI Risk assessment when malevolent actions are involved SO 2006 PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium CY JAN 23-26, 2006 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE DE terrorism; risk AB This paper discusses extending systems analysis techniques developed for analyzing the risk of random or unintentional events to the analysis of the risk arising from malevolent actions. Methods for developing sets of attack scenarios useful for risk analysis using logic-gate trees are described. The importance of using a largely qualitative understanding of adversary decision processes to assess the relative attractiveness of different attack scenarios to an adversary is addressed and potential methods for rigorously developing this relative ordering are discussed. The importance of including an evaluation of the effectiveness of protective features implemented to reduce risk is discussed and an analytical approach described. The importance of dependency among elements of an attack scenario is discussed and a method for the efficient handling of such dependencies is described. C1 [Bott, Terry F.; Eisenhawer, Stephen W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K557,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bott, TF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K557,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tbott@lanl.gov; tbott@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-144X BN 978-1-4244-0007-2 J9 P REL MAINT S PY 2006 BP 56 EP + DI 10.1109/RAMS.2006.1677350 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BGT51 UT WOS:000250419100010 ER PT B AU Jam, N Proebstel, E AF Jam, Navid Proebstel, Elliot GP IEEE TI Work in progress: Who is watching you? Video conferencing security SO 2006 SECURECOMM AND WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks (SecureComm 2006) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2006 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE Commun Soc, Create Net C1 [Jam, Navid] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Proebstel, Elliot] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Jam, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM njam@sandia.gov; proebstel@ucdavis.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0422-3 PY 2006 BP 394 EP + PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BGF27 UT WOS:000246413900045 ER PT B AU Teuscher, C AF Teuscher, Christof GP IEEE TI Exploring logic artificial chemistries: An illogical attempt? SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON ARTIFICIAL LIFE SE IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID CHEMICAL IMPLEMENTATION; P-SYSTEMS; MEMBRANES; MACHINES AB Robustness to a wide variety of negative factors and the ability to self-repair is an inherent and natural characteristic of all life forms on earth. As opposed to nature, man-made systems are in most cases not inherently robust and a significant effort has to be made in order to make them resistant against failures. This can be done in a wide variety of ways and on various system levels. In the field of digital systems, for example, techniques such as triple modular redundancy (TMR) are frequently used, which results in a considerable hardware overhead. Biologically-inspired computing by means of biochemical metaphors offers alternative paradigms, which need to be explored and evaluated. Here, we are interested to evaluate the potential of nature-inspired artificial chemistries and membrane systems as an alternative information representing and processing paradigm in order to obtain robust and spatially extended Boolean computing systems in a distributed environment. We investigate conceptual approaches inspired by artificial chemistries and membrane systems and compare proof-of-concepts. First, we show, that elementary logical functions can be implemented. Second, we illustrate how they can be made more robust and how they can be assembled to larger-scale systems. Finally, we discuss the implications for and paths to possible genuine implementations. Compared to the main body of work in artificial chemistries, we take a very pragmatic and implementation-oriented approach and are interested in realizing Boolean computations only. The results emphasize that artificial chemistries can be used to implement Boolean logic in a spatially extended and distributed environment and can also be made highly robust but at a significant price. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Teuscher, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS-1,MS-B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM christof@teuscher.ch NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0701-9 J9 IEEE SYMP ART LIFE PY 2006 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGN12 UT WOS:000248557700009 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, S Mangalagiu, D Ziock, H Bollen, J Keating, G AF Rasmussen, Steen Mangalagiu, Diana Ziock, Hans Bollen, Johan Keating, Gordon GP IEEE TI Collective intelligence for decision support in very large stakeholder networks: The future US energy system. SO 2007 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON ARTIFICIAL LIFE SE IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Symposium on Artificial Life CY APR 01-05, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE collective intelligence; decision support; internet survey; consensus; consent; conflict; Web 2.0; folksonomy; socio-political processes; US energy policy ID RENEWABLE ENERGY AB Pick your favorite complex societal issue. For example, how could the US government, its citizens, and its energy companies reach an acceptable future national US energy plan? How could such a complex problem even be approached in a rational and transparent manner? We discuss a recently developed Internet-based method for clarifying issues, providing insights into understanding causes of conflict in large stakeholder groups facing complex issues, and reaching consent. This method has been tested on a variety of complex social and technical issues that illustrate how the Internet can be used to harness the collective intelligence of large stakeholder groups. This work further shows how to positively influence the capability of large stakeholder networks to make more informed decisions. As our main objective, we outline the key open research questions for applying Internet based collective intelligence methods in very large stakeholder networks. As a case study we examine what it would take to develop "the lay of the land" of possibly millions of stakeholders for the possible future US energy systems. We discuss stakeholder access issues, inherent conflict of interest issues, as well as the necessary machine automation of the collective intelligence method to handle this scale of stakeholder involvement. C1 [Rasmussen, Steen; Ziock, Hans; Bollen, Johan; Keating, Gordon] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rasmussen, Steen] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Mangalagiu, Diana] Reins Management Sch, F-51061 Reins, France. [Mangalagiu, Diana] ISI, Turin, Italy. RP Rasmussen, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM steen@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-6374 BN 978-1-4244-0701-9 J9 IEEE SYMP ART LIFE PY 2006 BP 468 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BGN12 UT WOS:000248557700062 ER PT B AU Moses, EI Bibeau, C Bonanno, RE Haynam, CA MacGowan, BJ Kauffman, RL Patterson, RW Van Wonterghem, BM AF Moses, E. I. Bibeau, C. Bonanno, R. E. Haynam, C. A. MacGowan, B. J. Kauffman, R. L. Patterson, R. W., Jr. Van Wonterghem, B. M. GP IEEE TI The National Ignition Facility: The world's largest laser SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE laser; fusion; ignition AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192-beam laser facility presently under construction at LLNL. When completed, NIT will be a 1.8-MJ, 500-TW ultraviolet laser system. Its missions are to obtain fusion ignition and to perform high energy density experiments in support of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile. Four of the NIF beams have been commissioned to demonstrate laser performance including target and beam alignment.. During this time, NIF demonstrated on a single-beam basis that it will meet its performance goals and demonstrated its precision and flexibility for pulse shaping, pointing, timing and beam conditioning. It also performed four important experiments for Inertial Confinement Fusion and High Energy Density Science. Presently, the project is installing production hardware to complete the project in 2009 with the goal to begin ignition experiments in 2010. An integrated plan has been developed including the NIF operations, user equipment such as diagnostics and cryogenic target capability, and experiments and calculations to meet this goal. C1 [Moses, E. I.; Bibeau, C.; Bonanno, R. E.; Haynam, C. A.; MacGowan, B. J.; Kauffman, R. L.; Patterson, R. W., Jr.; Van Wonterghem, B. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-466, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-466, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU U.S.Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S.Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No.W-7405-Eng-48. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700003 ER PT B AU Neilson, GH Heitzenroeder, P Lyon, J Nelson, B Reiersen, W Zarnstorff, M Brooks, A Brown, T Cole, M Chrzanowski, J Fogarty, P Gettelfinger, G Goranson, P Raftopoulos, S Schmidt, J Stratton, B Simmons, R Strykowsky, R Viola, M Williams, M Williamson, D AF Neilson, G. H. Heitzenroeder, P. Lyon, J. Nelson, B. Reiersen, W. Zarnstorff, M. Brooks, A. Brown, T. Cole, M. Chrzanowski, J. Fogarty, P. Gettelfinger, G. Goranson, P. Raftopoulos, S. Schmidt, J. Stratton, B. Simmons, R. Strykowsky, R. Viola, M. Williams, M. Williamson, D. GP IEEE TI NCSX construction progress and research plans SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE stellarator; NCSX; design; construction ID LHD EXPERIMENT AB Stellarators use 3D plasma and magnetic field shaping to produce a steady-state disruption-free magnetic confinement configuration. Compact stellarators have additional attractive properties-quasi-symmetric magnetic fields and low aspect ratio. The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is being constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in partnership with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to test the physics of a high-beta compact stellarator with a low-ripple, tokamak-like magnetic configuration. The engineering challenges of NCSX stem from its complex geometry requirements. These issues are addressed in the construction project through manufacturing R&D and system engineering. As a result, the fabrication of the coil winding forms and vacuum vessel are proceeding in industry without significant technical issues, and preparations for winding the coils at PPPL are in place. Design integration, analysis, and dimensional control are functions provided by system engineering to ensure that the finished product will satisfy the physics requirements, especially accurate realization of the specified coil geometries. After completion of construction in 2009, a research program to test the expected physics benefits will start. C1 [Neilson, G. H.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Reiersen, W.; Zarnstorff, M.; Brooks, A.; Brown, T.; Chrzanowski, J.; Gettelfinger, G.; Raftopoulos, S.; Schmidt, J.; Stratton, B.; Simmons, R.; Strykowsky, R.; Viola, M.; Williams, M.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS-40, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Lyon, J.; Nelson, B.; Cole, M.; Fogarty, P.; Goranson, P.; Williamson, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Neilson, GH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS-40, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76CH03073]; Princeton University [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX Research supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH03073 with Princeton University and No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700007 ER PT B AU Nelsons, B Benson, R Berry, L Brooks, A Cole, M Fogarty, P Freudenberg, K Goranson, P Hargrove, T Heitzenroeder, P Hirshman, S Jones, G Lovett, G Lumsdaine, A Lyon, J Madhukar, M Neilson, G Parang, M Shannon, T Spong, D Strickler, D Williamson, D AF Nelsons, B. Benson, R. Berry, L. Brooks, A. Cole, M. Fogarty, P. Freudenberg, K. Goranson, P. Hargrove, T. Heitzenroeder, P. Hirshman, S. Jones, G. Lovett, G. Lumsdaine, A. Lyon, J. Madhukar, M. Neilson, G. Parang, M. Shannon, T. Spong, D. Strickler, D. Williamson, D. GP IEEE TI Engineering design status of the Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator (QPS) SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE stellarator; experimental fusion device AB The engineering design status of the Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator Experiment (QPS) is presented. The overall configuration and the design, manufacturing R&D and assembly techniques of the core components are described. C1 [Nelsons, B.; Berry, L.; Cole, M.; Fogarty, P.; Freudenberg, K.; Hirshman, S.; Lyon, J.; Spong, D.; Strickler, D.; Williamson, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Benson, R.; Madhukar, M.; Parang, M.; Shannon, T.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Brooks, A.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Neilson, G.] BWXT Y 12, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jones, G.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08502 USA. [Hargrove, T.] Dev Tech, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Goranson, P.; Lovett, G.] MK Technol, Knoxville, TN 37930 USA. RP Nelsons, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 FU US DOE [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This work was supported by the US DOE under Contract NO, DE-AC05-000R22725. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700012 ER PT B AU Strawbridge, C AF Strawbridge, C. GP IEEE TI Project management in large collaborations: SNS lessons learned for ITER SO 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE collaborations; project management; science facilities AB Collaborations of research institutions and industry have been increasingly employed to accomplish the design, procurement, fabrication, assembly, installation, testing and commissioning of complex science facilities to support enhanced research capabilities in many areas. The large cost and significant breadth of technical knowledge, skills and abilities needed to bring into successful operation such complex facilities makes it likely that collaborations among national institutions and. nations will become the norm for future facilities projects of this nature. The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), a $1.4 billion accelerator-based facility for neutron science nearing completion at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Tennessee, is a major collaboration among six US national laboratories and an industrial construction partner whose objective has been to design, construct and operate the world's most powerful neutron source to support world-class materials research. Some of the more important factors that have contributed to the success of the SNS collaboration include the development of an effective project management organization across institutional boundaries, a project focus on integration, involvement of partners to oversee procurements closest to the work, and top-level risk management to include a centrally-controlled reserve for unforeseen events. The lessons learned in planning, executing and managing this successful, multi partner collaborative project have significance for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project. ITER is a planned partnership among six national organizations (China, the European Union, Japan, the Russian Federation, South Korea and the United States) that is coming together to design, construct and operate a full-scale technology demonstration facility for producing power from fusion energy. The ITER project presents unique challenges for project management with its mix of "in-kind" and "in-cash" deliverables, the risks associated with the division of scope among the participants and the government-to-government agreements required SNS lessons learned that can benefit ITER include the early assignment of experienced project leadership, a project-directed risk assessment and technical integration review, development of a realistic integrated project schedule, the creation of a reserve fund under project control to mitigate unforeseen risks, and the development and acceptance of a means for periodic, thorough review of overall project performance. Instituting successful project management within the ITER collaboration will require aligning the project management philosophies, accounting for cultural influences, understanding the participants' political environments, selecting and implementing useful management systems, and successfully incorporating the project management strengths and experience of the ITER partners. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Strawbridge, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700014 ER PT B AU Paguio, RR Frederick, CA Hund, JF Czechowicz, DG Nikroo, A Takagi, M Acenas, O Thi, M AF Paguio, R. R. Frederick, C. A. Hund, J. F. Czechowicz, D. G. Nikroo, A. Takagi, M. Acenas, O. Thi, M. GP IEEE TI Fabrication capabilities for spherical foam targets used in ICF experiments SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab ID FORMALDEHYDE; RESORCINOL; SHELLS; AEROGELS AB This paper reviews the processes developed at General Atomics (GA) in the past several years to fabricate a variety of spherical foam targets at various densities for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) community. The two most common chemical systems used to produce spherical foam targets have been resorcinol-formaldehyde (R/F) aerogel and divinylbenzene (DVB). Spherical targets have been made in the form of shells and beads with diameters ranging from approximately 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and densities from 100 mg/cc to 250 mg/cc, with typical high yield of intact shells or beads of 90%-95%. Permeation barriers have been developed and deposited on both R/F and DVB shells. We have also made R/F foam shells with higher pore size (0.10-0.50 mu m) in order to increase the cryo-fill fraction when these shells are cryogenically layered with D-2. Another spherical target that is currently under development that will also be discussed is silica aerogels shells and beads. Other foam target materials currently under development, such metal doped R/F aerogel beads for extreme ultra violet (EUV) source experiments will also be discussed. C1 [Paguio, R. R.; Frederick, C. A.; Hund, J. F.; Czechowicz, D. G.; Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Takagi, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Acenas, O.] Cal State San Marcos, San Marcos, TX 92096 USA. [Thi, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Paguio, RR (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. FU University of Rochester under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC03-92SF19460]; [412164-003G] FX This work supported under Subcontract 412164-003G with the University of Rochester under U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-FC03-92SF19460. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700016 ER PT B AU Abbott, RP AF Abbott, Ryan P. GP IEEE TI The dynamic response of thick-liquid shielding in Z-IFE reactors SO 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE fusion; z-ife; fibe AB A major concern in the design of thick-liquid protected inertial fusion reactors of all types is the dynamic response of the shielding liquid to the pulsed explosions. Induced liquid motion can stress and damage solid chamber structures such as the first-wall. In a z-pinch based inertial fusion (Z-IFE) reactor this issue becomes particularly critical due to the relatively large proposed target yields of several GJ. In this paper we summarize an analysis of the liquid response taking into account ablation of target facing surfaces, pocket venting, and neutron isochoric heating. The impact of varying several reactor parameters is also discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Abbott, RP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700018 ER PT B AU Anderson, M Oakley, J Vigil, V Rodriquez, S Bonazza, R AF Anderson, Mark Oakley, Jason Vigil, Virginia Rodriquez, Salvador Bonazza, Riccardo GP IEEE TI Shock mitigation studies of solid foams for Z-pinch chamber protection SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE shock mitigation; first-wall protection; solid aluminum foam ID ALUMINUM FOAMS; MORPHOLOGY; FUSION AB Solid open-cell AI foams are subjected to dynamic compression testing in a vertical shock tube to model the metallic foam being considered for use in an inertial fusion energy reactor. High porosity (0.89) foam samples (stack of two, 25.4 cm square, 10.2 cm high) of three different cell sizes (10, 20, and 40 pores per inch) are compressed with a strong shock (M=6) in a 25 kPa atmosphere of air and SF6. The post-shock samples are highly compressed (strains up to 0.8 for the smallest cell size) and have a wavy upper surface indicating structural anisotropy. Energy absorption is found to vary with cell-size (smaller cells, more absorption) while the impulse of the shock wave is independent of cell size. Pressure data indicate the incident shock wave becomes a compression wave with a non-discontinuous gradient inside of the foam. Using an array of pressure transducers with a vertical spacing of 2.54 cm, the wave speed in the foam sample is reduced to 25% of its value without the presence of the foam. C1 [Anderson, Mark; Oakley, Jason; Vigil, Virginia; Bonazza, Riccardo] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rodriquez, Salvador] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. FU Z-pinch IFE program; U.S. Department of Energy and Sandia National Laboratory [426334] FX This work sponsored by the Z-pinch IFE program, U.S. Department of Energy and Sandia National Laboratory, contract number 426334. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700020 ER PT B AU Vigil, VL Rodriguez, SB AF Vigil, V. L. Rodriguez, S. B. GP IEEE TI Foamed liquid and cellular metal shock attenuation analysis for Z-IFE SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB Foamed liquid and cellular materials are being investigated as potential materials for shock mitigation and energy absorption in the IFE Z-Pinch power plant concept. These materials are a critical part of the plant design because they absorb the energy that will be converted to electricity, generate tritium, and protect the containment structure. Foamed materials are being considered for shock mitigation because of their low densities. However, for inhomogeneous materials, such as a liquid with gas bubbles or cellular materials, a low density mixture can be obtained using various configurations, morphologies, or cell sizes. For example, cellular metals with different cell sizes, or a different number of pores per inch (ppi), can be fabricated with the same porosity and density. A series of experiments and ALEGRA simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of material configuration on shock mitigation. C1 [Vigil, V. L.; Rodriguez, S. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0748, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vigil, VL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0748, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM vlvigil@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04 -94AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 105 EP 108 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700021 ER PT B AU Heltemes, TA Marriott, EP Moses, GA Peterson, RR AF Heltemes, T. A. Marriott, E. P. Moses, G. A. Peterson, R. R. GP IEEE TI Z-Pinch (LiF)(2)-BeF2 (flibe) preliminary vaporization estimation using the BUCKY 1-d radiation hydrodynamics code SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE Z-Pinch Reactor; radiation hydrodynamics; material vaporization; Z-Pinch; reactor physics AB The post-explosion material vaporization characteristics of the proposed Z-Pinch reactor design were simulated using the BUCKY 1-D radiation hydrodynamics code. To model the 3-D variations in the reactor chamber design, three separate BUCKY simulations were performed - one in each of the cylindrical coordinate geometries: +z, -z, and r. The simulations were run to a time of 80 mu s and the chamber material characteristics were analyzed. These results were compared to a simple analytical model to verify the vaporization radii in each of the three modeled directions. The +z material vaporization has been estimated to be at a radius 53.71 cm, compared to an analytic result of 79.00 cm. The -z material vaporization has been estimated to be at a radius of 101.92 cm, compared to an analytic result of 102.78 cm. The r material vaporization has been estimated to be at a radius of 73.86 cm, compared to an analytic result of 77.63 cm. These simulation results confirm the idea that we can model the exploding Z-Pinch target and its resulting thermal effects on the reactor chamber using the BUCKY 1-D radiation hydrodynamics code. This model is appropriate for analysis of the Z-Pinch reactor because it is a massive structure and because most of the energy coupling to the surrounding structure is via x-rays (30%) rather than expanding ionic debris (4%). Furthermore, we have confirmed the viability of performing three different 1-D simulations in each of the +z, -z, and r directions and merging the three results. Such an approximation to a 3-D phenomenon is valid for times where the outward blast and energy transfer remain nearly spherical. C1 [Heltemes, T. A.; Marriott, E. P.; Moses, G. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Peterson, R. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Heltemes, TA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700022 ER PT B AU Jun, CH Gentile, C Priniski, C Sethian, J AF Jun, Chang H. Gentile, Charles Priniski, Craig Sethian, John GP IEEE TI Design and numerical stress analysis of silicon membrane hibachi windows SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE silicon window; KrF laser; electron beam; transmission rate; corrosion by gas; diamond coating AB A silicon membrane windows is developed for a KrF laser system. The main function of the windows is to pass electron beam into the laser cell and to hold pressurized gas in the cell. 150 micro-meter thick silicon windows successfully survived from heated electron beam bombardment and shows 80% of electron beam transmission rate. The single silicon windows endured 250,000 cycles of electron beam shots. The arrayed windows did not show sufficient performance due to excessive heat generation. To enhance the longevity, the cooling system has to be improved and a study of the arc generated by the cathode is necessary. C1 [Jun, Chang H.; Gentile, Charles; Priniski, Craig] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sethian, John] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Jun, CH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU The Navel Research Laboratory (NRL); The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory; The U.S. Department of Energy's research FX This work is supported by The Navel Research Laboratory (NRL) collaboration with The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory which is one of The U.S. Department of Energy's research establishments.; This article is supported by The Naval Research Laboratory. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700023 ER PT B AU Mazarakis, MG Olson, CL AF Mazarakis, M. G. Olson, C. L. GP IEEE TI A new high current fast 100ns LTD based driver for Z-pinch IFE at Sandia SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB Sandia is actively pursuing the development of new accelerators based on the novice technology of Linear Transformer Driver (LTD). LTD based drivers are currently considered for many applications including future very high current Z-pinch drivers like ZX and z-pinch IFE (Inertial Fusion Energy). LTD is a new method for constructing high-current, high-voltage pulsed accelerators. The salient feature of the approach is switching and inductively adding the pulses at low voltage straight out of the capacitors through low inductance transfer and soft iron core isolation. High currents can be achieved by feeding each cavity core with many capacitors connected in parallel in a circular array. High voltage is obtained by inductively adding the output voltage of many cavities in series. Utilizing the presently available capacitors and switches we can envision building the next generation of fast z-pinch drivers without the usage of large deionized-water, and oil tanks, as it is the case with the present technology drivers. The most significant advantage of all is that the LTD drivers can be rep-rated. They can be multipulsed with a repetition rate, in principle, up to the capacitor specifications and up to 10 Hz. The later makes LTD the driver of choice for z-pinch IFE where the required repetition rate is of the order of 0.1 Hz. Presently we have in rep rated operation in Sandia a one 500-kA, 100-kV LTD cavity. Our goal is to establish the maximum possible frequency of repetition rate and test the longevity of the utilized dry air gas switches. The compact fast (< 100 ns pulse rise time) LTD technology was suggested and its development is funded and being monitored by Sandia at the High Current Electronic Institute (HCEI) in Tomsk, Russia, where an additional number of larger and stackable 1-MA cavities are under construction to be utilized as building blocks for a 1-MA, 1-MV voltage adder test module. This module will serve as a prototype for longer higher voltage modules, a number of which, connected in parallel, could become the driver of the z-pinch IFE reactor. In this paper we briefly describe the basic theory underlying the LTD operation, present the device and give performance results of our 500-kA and 1-MA cavities currently in operation and finally describe a first cut design of an IFE driver utilizing the 1-MA, 100-kV cavity as a building block. C1 [Mazarakis, M. G.; Olson, C. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1194, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mazarakis, MG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1194, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mgmazar@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a mulitprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700024 ER PT B AU Schultz, JH Antaya, T Feng, J Gung, CY Martovetsky, N Minervini, JV Michael, P Radovinsky, A Titus, P AF Schultz, Joel H. Antaya, Timothy Feng, Jun Gung, Chen-Yu Martovetsky, Nicolai Minervini, Joseph. V. Michael, Philip Radovinsky, Alexi Titus, Peter GP IEEE TI The ITER Central Solenoid SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE fusion reactors; ITER; superconducting magnets; superconductors; cable in conduit AB The Central Solenoid for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), a fusion tokamak experiment with the goal of generating 500 MW of fusion power with high gain (Q > 10), must provide most of the volt-seconds needed to induce and sustain a 15 MA plasma for burn times of > 400 s. The 6.4 GJ Central Solenoid design requires a 45 kA conductor and has a peak field of 13 T. The Central Solenoid consists of six pancake-wound modules, stacked vertically, and held in axial compression by an external structure. The five-stage cable has 1/3 copper and 2/3 advanced Nb3Sn strands in a thick superalloy conduit and is cooled by the forced-flow of supercritical helium through the cable space. Key design issues include the qualification of a conduit with adequate fatigue strength, avoiding filament damage from transverse Lorentz loads, eliminating axial tension in the winding insulation, and qualification of space-saving intramodule butt joints. C1 [Schultz, Joel H.; Antaya, Timothy; Feng, Jun; Gung, Chen-Yu; Minervini, Joseph. V.; Michael, Philip; Radovinsky, Alexi; Titus, Peter] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 185 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Martovetsky, Nicolai] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schultz, JH (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 185 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FCO2-93ER54 186] FX Manuscript received September 26, 2005. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FCO2-93ER54 186. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700030 ER PT B AU Titus, PH Michael, PC Martovetsky, NN AF Titus, Peter H. Michael, Philip C. Martovetsky, Nicolai N. GP IEEE TI Analysis of the ITER Central Solenoid (CS) by the US Participant Team (PT) SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB The ITER CS is in an advanced state of design. Detailed analysis continues. In this paper, finite element analyses done by the US PT are presented. These analyses relate to a few issues still requiring some resolution. Finite element analyses by the ITER International Team (IT) and other US PT analyses are cited for comparison with the finite element results. The degree of preload required to offset vertical tensions in the coils are discussed. Parametric analyses of different preloads and friction coefficients have been performed which point to a lower preload than that specified by the project. Lateral loading on the CS due to postulated off center electromagnetic loads are quantified. Lateral seismic loads are applied, and the existing and proposed restraint systems are discussed. Behavior of the, upper flex supports is also available from the simulation model and will be compared with previous work. The coil leads are supported by the preload system tie-plates. Radial differential motion between the tie-plates and coils is quantified for the case where there is no radial coupling between the coils and tie-plates. Support provisions for the leads are discussed in the context of both load capacity and displacement absorbing. ability. C1 [Titus, Peter H.; Michael, Philip C.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 185 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Martovetsky, Nicolai N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Titus, PH (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 185 Albany St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-93ER54186] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Contract DE-FC02-93ER54186. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 146 EP 150 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700031 ER PT B AU Woolley, R AF Woolley, R. GP IEEE TI Analysis of NSTX TF joint voltage measurements SO 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB This report presents findings of analyses of recorded current and voltage data associated with 72 electrical joints operating at high current and high mechanical stress. The analysis goal was to characterize the mechanical behavior of each joint and thus evaluate its mechanical supports. The joints are part of the toroidal field (TF) magnet system of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) pulsed plasma device operating at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). Since there is not sufficient space near the joints for much traditional mechanical instrumentation, small voltage probes were installed on each joint and their voltage monitoring waveforms have been recorded on sampling digitizers during each NSTX "shot". Strong mechanical forces arise during pulsed operations, far stronger than the joint conductors could long survive without the restraining assistance of a mechanical support system. A joint's apparent electrical resistance changes dynamically if sufficiently strong net lateral force on the conductors causes a reduction in the joint's area of high pressure contact. Since the electromagnetic forces are well known, this circumstance would arise if the mechanical supports were not working properly. Analyzing the nonlinear relations between pulsed magnetic forces and joint electrical resistances can thus identify and even diagnose mechanically overstressed joints. The present design of the joints and their supports was operated in two successive run periods, February-July 2004 and April-September 2005. Because of indications from analyzing the first run period's voltage probe data that the mechanical support system's fabrication was flawed, the joints and their mechanical supports were rebuilt before the second run period without changing the design. Analyses of voltage probe data from the second run period indicate improved mechanical support function. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Woolley, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700033 ER PT B AU Neumeyer, C Schmidt, J Woolley, R Zatz, I AF Neumeyer, C. Schmidt, J. Woolley, R. Zatz, I. GP IEEE TI Operational experience with NSTX demountable TF joint SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE spherical torus; toroidal field coil; demountable joint AB A key feature of the spherical torus (ST) is the demountable toroidal field (TF) coil, which requires a high current electrical joint in a high magnetic field. On NSTX a fixed joint relying on high pressure contact between silver plated copper conductors is deployed at the radius of the center bundle of conductors. In 2003 the original coil failed at a lower joint after 7200 pulses. A new coil was designed and fabricated. Operation commenced in 2004 at field levels up to 4.5 kG. While the new coil performed better than its predecessor, measurements revealed that the structural support system was still not working as intended, so the operating level was reduced to 3 kG midway through the run. Following conclusion of the 2004 campaign after 2800 pulses the coil was disassembled, and a major defect in the structural support system was corrected. The 2005 campaign consisted of 2500 pulses with routine operation at 4.5 kG, and a limited number of pulses up to 5.75 kG. Improvement in performance over 2004 was dramatic. This paper describes the engineering of the joint, its physical behavior, and the measurements and observations made thus far. C1 [Neumeyer, C.; Schmidt, J.; Woolley, R.; Zatz, I.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Neumeyer, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU US DOE [DE-AC02-76CHO-3073] FX Under US DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-76CHO-3073 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 161 EP 164 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700034 ER PT B AU Heitzenroeder, P Brown, T Neilson, G Malinowskia, F Sutton, L Nelson, B Williamson, D Horton, N Goddard, B Edwards, J Bowling, K Hatzilias, K AF Heitzenroeder, P. Brown, T. Neilson, G. Malinowski, F. Sutton, L. Nelson, B. Williamson, D. Horton, N. Goddard, B. Edwards, J. Bowling, K. Hatzilias, K. GP IEEE TI The production phase for the national compact Stellarator experiment (NCSX) modular coil winding forms SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE coils; production; fabrication AB The production phase for the NCSX modular coil winding forms has been underway for approximately one year as of this date. This is the culmination of R&D efforts which were performed in 2001-4. The R&D efforts included limited manufacturing studies while NCSX was in its conceptual design phase followed by more detailed manufacturing studies by two teams which included the fabrication of full scale prototypes [1]. This provided the foundation necessary for the production parts to be produced under a firm price and schedule contract which was issued in September, 2004. This paper will describe the winding forms, the production team and team management, details of the production process, and the achievements for the first year. C1 [Heitzenroeder, P.; Brown, T.; Neilson, G.; Malinowski, F.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Nelson, B.; Williamson, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Horton, N.] Energy Ind Ohio, Cleveland, OH 44131 USA. [Goddard, B.] C A Lawton Co, De Pere, WI 54115 USA. [Edwards, J.] MetalTek Int, Pevely, MO 63070 USA. [Bowling, K.] Major Tool & Machine Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46218 USA. [Hatzilias, K.] 3D Scanco, Lawrenceville, NJ 30045 USA. RP Heitzenroeder, P (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 202 EP 207 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700044 ER PT B AU Williamson, D Brooks, A Brown, T Chrzanowski, J Cole, M Fan, HM Freudenberg, K Fogarty, P Hargrove, T Heitzenroeder, P Lovett, G Nelson, B Raftopolous, S Reiersen, W Stratton, B Strickler, D AF Williamson, D. Brooks, A. Brown, T. Chrzanowski, J. Cole, M. Fan, H-M. Freudenberg, K. Fogarty, P. Hargrove, T. Heitzenroeder, P. Lovett, G. Nelson, B. Raftopolous, S. Reiersen, W. Stratton, B. Strickler, D. GP IEEE TI Challenges in designing the modular coils for the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE Stellarator; modular coil; electromagnetic; design AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is a quasi-axisymmetric plasma experiment that combines the high beta and good confinement of an advanced tokamak with the low current, disruption-free characteristics of a stellarator. The experiment is based on a three field-period plasma configuration with an average major radius of 1.4 m, a minor radius of 0.3 m, and a toroidal magnetic field on axis of up to 2-T. The modular coils are one set in a complex assembly of four coil systems that surround the highly shaped plasma. There are six each of three coil types in the assembly, for a total of 18 modular coils. The coils are constructed by winding copper cable onto a cast stainless steel winding form that has been machined to high accuracy, so that the current center of the winding pack is within +/-1.5 mm of its theoretical position. The modular coils operate at a temperature of 80 K and are subjected to rapid heating and stress during a pulse. The final coil design has presented many challenges with its requirements for winding accuracy, good thermal performance, a robust supporting structure, and ease of assembly and maintenance. C1 [Williamson, D.; Cole, M.; Freudenberg, K.; Fogarty, P.; Nelson, B.; Strickler, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brooks, A.; Brown, T.; Chrzanowski, J.; Fan, H-M.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Raftopolous, S.; Reiersen, W.; Stratton, B.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08502 USA. [Hargrove, T.] DevTech, Scottsboro, AL 35768 USA. [Lovett, G.] MK Technol, Knoxville, TN 37930 USA. RP Williamson, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 208 EP 211 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700045 ER PT B AU Chrzanowski, JH Fogarty, PJ Heitzenroeder, PJ Meighan, T Nelson, B Raftopoulos, S Williamson, D AF Chrzanowski, J. H. Fogarty, P. J. Heitzenroeder, P. J. Meighan, T. Nelson, B. Raftopoulos, S. Williamson, D. GP IEEE TI Manufacturing development of the NCSX modular coil windings SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB The modular coils on the National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) present a number of significant engineering challenges due to their complex shapes, requirements for high dimensional accuracy and the. high current density required in the modular coils due to space constraints. In order to address these challenges, an R&D program was established to develop the conductor, insulation scheme, manufacturing techniques, and procedures. A prototype winding named Twisted Racetrack Coil (TRC) was of particular importance in dealing with these challenges. The TRC included a complex shaped winding form, conductor, insulation scheme, leads and termination, cooling system and coil clamps typical of the modular coil design. Even though the TRC is smaller in size than a modular coil, its similar complex geometry provided invaluable information in developing the final design, metrology techniques and development of manufacturing procedures. In addition a discussion of the development of the copper rope conductor including "Keystoning" concerns; the epoxy impregnation system (VPI) plus the tooling and equipment required to manufacture the modular coils will be presented. C1 [Chrzanowski, J. H.; Heitzenroeder, P. J.; Meighan, T.; Raftopoulos, S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Fogarty, P. J.; Nelson, B.; Williamson, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chrzanowski, JH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jchrzano@pppl.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC 02-76-CH03073] FX This work is supported by the US DOE under contract Number DE-AC 02-76-CH03073 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700046 ER PT B AU Kalish, M Rushinski, J Myatt, L Brooks, A Dahlgren, F Chrzanowski, J Reiersen, W Freudenberg, K AF Kalish, M. Rushinski, J. Myatt, L. Brooks, A. Dahlgren, F. Chrzanowski, J. Reiersen, W. Freudenberg, K. GP IEEE TI NCSX toroidal field coil design SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE toroidal field coil; TF; conductor; NCSX AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is an experimental device whose design and construction is underway at the Department of Energy's Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). The primary coil systems for the NCSX device consist of the twisted plasma shaping Modular Coils, the Poloidal Field Coils, and the Toroidal Field (TF) Coils. The TF Coils are D shaped coils. wound from hollow copper conductor and vacuum impregnated with. a glass-epoxy resin system. There are 18 identical, equally spaced TF coils providing 1/R field at the plasma. They operate within a cryostat and are cooled by LN2 nominally to 80K. Wedge shaped castings are assembled to the inboard face of these coils so that inward radial loads are reacted via the nesting of each of the coils against their adjacent partners. This paper outlines the TF Coil design methodology, reviews the analysis results and summarizes how the design and analysis support the design requirements. C1 [Kalish, M.; Rushinski, J.; Myatt, L.; Brooks, A.; Dahlgren, F.; Chrzanowski, J.; Reiersen, W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Freudenberg, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kalish, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073] FX This project is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 216 EP 219 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700047 ER PT B AU Tsai, CC Freudenberg, K Nelson, BE Rasmussen, DA AF Tsai, C. C. Freudenberg, K. Nelson, B. E. Rasmussen, D. A. GP IEEE TI Dynamic strain and temperature instrument for NCSX coil development SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX), a fusion research device, is being designed for improved plasma confinement and stability by applying a novel three-dimensional magnetic field configuration. The external magnetic field shaping is implemented by using 18 stellarator coils that are in a quasi-axisymmetric configuration and installed as toroidal modules. Emphasizing both plasma properties and geometrical constraints has been used for optimizing coil-winding shapes. Such modular coils are wound by using flexible, copper cable conductors that are compacted into rectangular shapes. Once wound, the conductor is vacuum impregnated with epoxy. The epoxy-filled conductor becomes a monolithic copper epoxy composite. Prototype coils have been designed, fabricated, and tested for the NCSX modular coil development. Physical properties, such as strains and temperatures on the prototype coils measured under simulation tests, are very important for designing reliable and long lifetime NCSX modular coils. During the simulation tests, the sensors have to be attached at different locations on the coils and would be immersed inside the liquid nitrogen pool. The signals measured from conventional electrical sensors could be degraded by the strong electromagnetic noises generated by the exciting current flowing in the test coil. To improve accuracy of strain and temperature test data, the fiber-optic strain measurement system that was developed for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) mercury target development, is applied to the NCSX coil development. The miniature fiber-optic sensors are attached on the test coils at locations where the data of dynamic strains and temperatures are very important and of interest to engineers. Engineers could use the measured data to benchmark and improve sophisticated computer modeling codes for modular coils design. In this paper, the instrument for measuring strains and temperatures and test data collected from room temperatures to -190 degrees C will be presented and discussed. C1 [Tsai, C. C.; Freudenberg, K.; Nelson, B. E.; Rasmussen, D. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsai, CC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725]; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory [DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073] FX Research sponsored by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-000R22725 and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 220 EP 222 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700048 ER PT B AU Reiersen, WT Neilson, GH AF Reiersen, W. T. Neilson, G. H. GP IEEE TI Engineering management lessons on NCSX SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is under construction at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). The stellarator is a complex, 3-D assembly that has been designed by a team of engineers from the partner institutions, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and PPPL. The complex, 3-D nature of the stellarator design and the multi-institutional, geographically dispersed nature of the team have created special management challenges. Management systems were implemented to address these challenges. The lessons learned from our experience on NCSX thus far are discussed. C1 [Reiersen, W. T.; Neilson, G. H.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS-40, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Reiersen, WT (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451,MS-40, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU US DOE [DE-AC 02-76-CH03073] FX This work is supported by the US DOE under contract Number DE-AC 02-76-CH03073. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 223 EP 226 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700049 ER PT B AU Freudenberg, KD Goranson, P Dahlgren, F AF Freudenberg, K. D. Goranson, P. Dahlgren, F. GP IEEE TI Cooling design and analysis of the QPS modular coil winding packs SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE component; QPS; modular coils; cooling finite element analysis AB A study has been performed on several modular coil coiling schemes for the Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator (QPS). The modular coils provide the primary magnetic field within QPS and consist of flexible cable conductor wound on a cast and machined winding form and vacuum impregnated with cyanide ester resin. Twenty coils and associated winding forms are connected at assembly into a toroidal shell structure. Each winding is encapsulated in an outer layer of groundwrap insulation and ultimately by a thin stainless steel vacuum cover. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cooling response of the coils after a IT pulse has been imposed on the conductor for 1.5 s. The first case examines the use of exterior cooling via tubes outside the winding pack which uses copper cladding as the primary medium for heat transfer. The finite element program ANSYS is used to model a cross section of the modular coil bundle and all of its components (insulation, copper conductor, and the stainless steel support structure and shell). Thermal loading from the pulse is modeled as temperature-dependent heat generation, resulting in a 40 C rise in conductor temperature after the pulse. A primary focus of the model is to determine the location and specific number of cooling tubes required to adequately cool the modular coil. Geometric considerations due to available space, installation and ease of assembly are considered when placing the tubes in the theoretical model. The second concept explored is an internally cooled modular coil concept where the coolant flows through each copper conductor individually through a small copper tube that is built into the conductor during manufacturing. The internally cooled concept undoubtedly has an advantage in terms of heat transport capacity but it may be geometrically challenging to wind the stiffer conductor around the tight bends of the QPS coil trajectories. Fluid flow calculations are used to determine the diameter of the tube and the time and flow required to cool the conductor. Additionally, a Fortran routine is used to plot the speed of the cooling wave along the length of the conductor as it cools after the pulse. C1 [Freudenberg, K. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Goranson, P.] DevTech, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Dahlgren, F.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton 08502, NJ USA. RP Freudenberg, KD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 227 EP 230 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700050 ER PT B AU Wong, CPC Abdou, M Malang, S Sawan, M Dagher, M Smolentsev, S Merrill, B Youssef, M Sharafat, S Calderoni, P Sviatoslavsky, G Sze, DK Morley, NB Kurtz, R Willms, S Carosella, DP Labar, MP Fogarty, P Ulrickson, M Zinkle, S AF Wong, C. P. C. Abdou, M. Malang, S. Sawan, M. Dagher, M. Smolentsev, S. Merrill, B. Youssef, M. Sharafat, S. Calderoni, P. Sviatoslavsky, G. Sze, D. K. Morley, N. B. Kurtz, R. Willms, S. Carosella, D. P. Labar, M. P. Fogarty, P. Ulrickson, M. Zinkle, S. GP IEEE TI Overview of the USITER dual coolant lead lithium (DCLL) Test Blanket Module Program SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE blanket; Pb-17D breeder; dual-coolant; helium-cooled ITER-TBM ID POWER CONVERSION; SYSTEM AB With the US rejoining ITER, the US chamber technology community has resumed participation in discussion in the ITER Test Blanket Working Group (TBWG) and has proposed to develop, in collaboration with other parties, liquid and solid breeder blanket concepts to be tested in ITEM Presently, the US focus on the liquid breeder option is the dual coolant helium-cooled reduced activation ferritic steel structure with self-cooled Pb-17Li breeder (DCLL) that uses flow channel insert (FCI) as the MHD and thermal insulator. When projected for a reference tokamak power reactor design, it has the potential for a gross thermal efficiency of > 40%. The US is planning for an independent test blanket module (TBM) that will occupy half an ITER test port with corresponding supporting ancillary equipment. An initial design, testing strategy and corresponding test plan have been completed for the DCLL concept. The DCLL TBM conceptual design for the integrated testing phase, including the choice of configuration, relevant design analyses, ancillary equipment, testing strategy and corresponding test plan, have been prepared for the transition into the preliminary design phase. C1 [Wong, C. P. C.; Calderoni, P.; Carosella, D. P.; Labar, M. P.] Gen Atom Co, Fus Div, San Diego, CA USA. [Abdou, M.; Dagher, M.; Smolentsev, S.; Youssef, M.; Sharafat, S.; Morley, N. B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Malang, S.] Fus Nucl Technol Consulting, Linkenheim, Germany. [Sawan, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Merrill, B.] INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Sze, D. K.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. [Kurtz, R.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Willms, S.] Pacific Northwestern Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Fogarty, P.; Zinkle, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ulrickson, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Wong, CPC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, Fus Div, San Diego, CA USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEFC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-99ER54313, DE-AC05-76RL01830, DEFG02-86ER52123, DE-AC07-05ID14517, W-7405-ENG-36] FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DEFC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-99ER54313, DE-AC05-76RL01830, DEFG02-86ER52123, DE-AC07-05ID14517, and W-7405-ENG-36. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700051 ER PT B AU De Groot, JS Jensen, NF Cochrane, K AF De Groot, J. S. Jensen, N. F. Cochrane, Kyle GP IEEE TI Shrapnel formation in a Z-pinch power plant SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab C1 [De Groot, J. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cochrane, Kyle] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP De Groot, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Sandia Corporation,a Lockeed-Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL8500] FX Work supported by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by the Sandia Corporation,a Lockeed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy Under Contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700063 ER PT B AU Klueh, RL Hashimoto, N Maziasz, PJ AF Klueh, R. L. Hashimoto, N. Maziasz, P. J. GP IEEE TI Development of new ferritic/martensitic steels for fusion applications SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab DE structural steels; martensitic steels; precipitatate strengthening AB Martensitic steels are considered for structural applications for fusion power plants, but they are limited by strength to operating temperatures below 550-600 degrees C. For increased plant efficiency, steels for > 650 degrees C service are sought. Based on the science of precipitate strengthening, a thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) was developed that respectively increased strength at 700 degrees C of commercial nitrogen-containing steels and new steels designed for the TMT to 80 and 200% greater than for commercial steels with a conventional heat treatment. Precipitates in the steels after the TMT were up to eight-times smaller at a number density four orders of magnitude greater. C1 [Klueh, R. L.; Hashimoto, N.; Maziasz, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Klueh, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research was sponsored by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy,under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700064 ER PT B AU Viola, ME Brown, T Heitzenroeder, P Malinowski, F Reiersen, W Sutton, L Goranson, P Nelson, B Cole, M Manuel, M McCorkle, D AF Viola, M. E. Brown, T. Heitzenroeder, P. Malinowski, F. Reiersen, W. Sutton, L. Goranson, P. Nelson, B. Cole, M. Manuel, M. McCorkle, D. GP IEEE TI NCSX vacuum vessel fabrication SO 21ST IEEE/NPSS SYMPOSIUM ON FUSION ENGINEERING - SOFE 05 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering CY SEP 26-29, 2005 CL Knoxville, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab C1 [Viola, M. E.; Brown, T.; Heitzenroeder, P.; Malinowski, F.; Reiersen, W.; Sutton, L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Goranson, P.; Nelson, B.; Cole, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Manuel, M.; McCorkle, D.] Major Tool & Machine Inc, Indianapolis, IN 46218 USA. RP Viola, ME (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-76CH03073]; Princeton University [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC. FX This research is supported by the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC02-76CH03073 with Princeton University and contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 1-4244-0149-6 PY 2006 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFD55 UT WOS:000241188700066 ER EF